Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

Revealing Spiritists In addition to Magic, Houdini had an interest since the 1920s in Spiritism, and he tried to contact his late mother.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

Houdini became a skeptic, however, and, with the help of his magician skills, he exposed impostors who had confused scientists and scientists.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

He became a member of Scientific American.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

The organization promised a monetary reward to whichever medium could demonstrably present supernatural abilities.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

Houdini showcased the tricks of the impostor media he uncovered on his performing tours, as well as in his books The Right Way to Do Wrong (1906), Miracle-Mongers and their Methods (1920), A Magician Among the Spirits (1924), and Houdini Exposes the Tricks Used by Boston Medium 'Margery' (1924).


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

Due to this hobby, Houdini became friends with Arthur Conan Doyle, a firm believer in the supernatural.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

[1] Conan Doyle's wife even believed she had had contact with Houdini's deceased mother, which did not convince Houdini.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

Death Houdini died of peritonitis at age 52 on Halloween 1926.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

He had suffered a blow to his stomach a few weeks earlier in Montreal when he had goaded a youngster to punch him in the stomach as hard as he can.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

Houdini, however, didn't have time to tense his abs before striking.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

Houdini's funeral was held on November 4 in New York City, with a crowd of over 2000 people in attendance.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

Works of Most ghostwriter was Walter Gibson.


Question: What is the name of Harry Houdini's most famous stunt?

Harry Houdini

The Right Way to Do Wrong (1906) Handcuff Secrets (1907) The Unmasking of Robert Houdin (1908) The Miracle Mongers (1920) Spooks and Spiritualism Rope Ties and Escapes Sources on the subject elsewhere Category:American magicians Category:Skeptics Category:Hungarians Persons Category:Vaudeville performers Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame Class:Born in 1874 Class:Those who died in 1926 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Dog breed refers to a group of dogs that have been obtained by selective breeding in nature and appearance.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In practice, the transformation of a particular type of dog into a breed is a defining issue.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Dogs have been breeding for various uses for thousands of years.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Initially, breeding focused on developing properties beneficial to humans, such as hunting ability.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Later breeding has been aimed at developing mainly appearance and character, resulting in a number of significantly divergent breeds of dogs.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Breed Definition The appearance, character and movements of each breed of dog are described in the breed definition that governs breeding of the breed.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Breed definitions are maintained by national kennel organizations.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The country of origin is defined for the breed and the kennel organization in that country is responsible for the breed definition.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Such organizations include the Finnish Kennelliitto, Svenska Kennelklubben (Sweden) and the American Kennel Club (United States).


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

When a breed is considered to have been established, the International Kennel Union Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) also approves the breed, making the breed definition valid in all its member countries.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Representatives of the traditional dog breeds approved by the largest kennel organizations are called purebred or breed dogs.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

After the closure of breed books, the breed is considered to include only dogs whose parents are also purebred.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

This may cause inbreeding in the breed if the gene pool of the breed is small.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The offspring of two dogs of different breeds is called a mongrel or mixed-breed.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The breed book is said to be open at times when new dogs are introduced into the breed.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In recent years, breeds have been organised in Finland for the white shepherd dog, Jack Russell terrier and our domestic breeds of reindeer dog, Finnish lapdog and northern upright ear.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In the breed intake review, the appearance of the dog is judged.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

If it meets the breed definition with grade satisfactory and the dog meets other conditions for breeding, the dog may be registered in that breed.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In general, certain types of dogs are recognized as their own breed if the type is sufficiently established, that is, puppies always adequately resemble their parents both in appearance and character.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

For example, the Danish-Swedish yard dog was adopted as its own breed in 1987.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

However, dogs of this type have existed in the southern regions of Sweden and Denmark since the 18th and 19th century, but they were not registered as a breed of their own.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The breed can also be removed from the FCI's race list.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

This has happened, for example, to the harlequin insert, which is now considered extinct.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The Brazilian wedhound, Belgian mastiff, Belgian pointer, dupuyner, bouletingriffon, strellufin hound, steinbracke, basset d'artois, languedoc shepherd and Egyptian shepherd have also belonged to FCI breeds in their time.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Origin of breeds All dogs are thought to have originated in East Asia.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Based on mitochondrial studies, the first dog lived in southern China in the Guizhou or Yunnan region between 5400 and 16,300 years ago.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

It also turned out that the DNA of modern dogs is still similar to that of ancient specimens.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Since it was discovered that Old World dogs are ancestors of current American breeds, it was decided to examine the DNA of 1543 dogs from all over Europe, Africa and Southwest and Southeast Asia.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Only breeds of known origin or informal, fairly uniform dog types bred for a specific purpose were used for the study.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Only phylogenic groups A, B and C were included, as the remainder are rare and may have come from interbreeding with wolves after domestication.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[1] Wolf lineage Based on the study, groups A and B had wolf haplotypes.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

These are the two most common phylogeny groups found in a large majority of current dog breeds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In A, the influence of the Mongolian and Northern Chinese wolf was observed, and in B the influence of Romanian, Northern Chinese, Afghan and Yugoslav wolves.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Based on haplotypes, modern breeds are descended from at least 51 different female wolf lineages, which would indicate that the domestication and breeding of wolves had to be systematic and not random.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[1] The gene pool of Old World dogs between 97.4 and 100 per cent carried groups A, B and C in their lineage, which have spread around the Old World around the time of the first dog's development.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Of the haplotypes found in the groups, 14 were global.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The same global haplotype was found in Southwest Asian and European populations at 81.5 percent as Asian dogs, but in the East Asian strain it was only found in 54.2% of individuals.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In Southeast Asia, the figure was even lower: 40.8 per cent, and only 18.4 per cent in certain provinces.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In Europe, those haplotypes that were not global were no different from global ones except by one mutation.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The lineage of almost all European dogs is therefore based on the East Asian haplotype.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

However, in East Asia and south of the Yangtze River, the difference between global and other haplotypes was considerably greater.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[1] Genetic Diversity The gene pool is narrowest on the west coast of Europe, is gradually expanding from Eurasia to East Asia, and is most extensive along the southeast coast of Asia.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

This is because the European population lacks those group A haplotypes that are not global or global mutations.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Similarly, almost the entire A group can be found in dogs on the south side of the Yangtze River, so the East Asian, and especially the southern Chinese population, has certain unique haplotypes that are much different from the global ones.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Only southeastern Chinese dogs can find all 10 different haplotypes, while only four in Europeans.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

One example of a local Chinese breed with a very wide gene pool is the xias dog.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[1] Beginning dog So to speak, dogs can be considered to be the now-extinct mammal tomarctus, which evolved during the Miocene period and is estimated to have lived about 15 million years ago.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

It was a small, civet-cat-like carnivore, of which 6000 BCE.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

breeding four of the world's first dog breeds: Canis familiaris metris-optimae, Canis familiaris intermedius, Canis familiaris leiner and Canis familiaris inostranzewi.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

However, they are not directly descended from tomarctus.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[2] The earliest breeds in Europe include German Spitz, Finnish Lapphound, Swedish Lapphound, Lapper Hound, Finnish Spitz, Mud, Pinscher, Schnauzer, Spanish Water Dog and all Shepherd Dogs [3] (e.g.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

the central European marsh dog (Canis palustris), considered an ancestor, developed in the Younger Stone Age.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

It was a primitive and wolf-like yard dog with a body of medium to square shape.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The designation stems from the most common places where its remains have been found.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The findings were so consistent that many researchers consider the bog dog to be the first European type of dog.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

It later migrated north and locals allowed it to interbreed with wolves, causing its size to increase.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The Canis familiaris inostranzewi, (inostranzewinhound, meaning “slab dog”) was a breed of Russian larks, the cattle bear dog, and the largest Arctic sled dogs that developed during the Stone Age in Eastern Europe.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

It was also primitive, but bulkier than a swamp dog.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[4] In the Bronze Age, the marsh dog evolved into the precursor of the southern Russian hound, the Asian canis familiaris matris optimæ.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Aidi, Egyptian shepherd, Pyrenean shepherd, puli, komondor, bergamasco and barbet were still descended from the southern Russian dog.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The Pyrenean shepherd dog was one of the stock breeds of the Catalan shepherd dog, labrit, serra de aire shepherd and pum.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[3] Canis familiaris leiner was the ancestor of the Egyptian hunting dog, which links it at the same time to all podenco breeds and a large proportion of greyhounds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The Romans later had large, mastiff-type war dogs, thought to have been ancestors such as the Neapolitan mastiff, cane corso, big-knife shepherd and Rottweiler.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

They already had midget dogs by that time as well.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[4] Genetic kinship relationships of current breeds based on gene analysis of samples taken from 85 current races, the studied breeds can be classified into four different groups based on the parent race.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Each race of the individual group hereby has a common ancestor and they are all related to each other through this.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The oldest of the breeds studied is the shar pei, the shiba second oldest and shared third place akita and chow chow, according to the analysis.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Group 1 is believed to be the oldest and includes African and Asian dogs.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Group 2 includes mastiff type dogs, Group 3 shepherd dogs and Group 4 modern hunting dogs (most of which were breeded in Europe in the 19th century).


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[5] Note: Kindred relationships observed through genetic research do not necessarily correspond to “official” racial histories.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The following kindred groups are based on genetic research, not traditional beliefs about the genesis of different dog breeds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Group 1 (oldest lineage): [5] Afghan greyhound, akita, [6] Alaskan Malamute, basenji, chow chow, Irish wolfhound, Pekese, lhasa apso, saluki, Samoyed, shar pei, shiba, shih tzu, Siberian husky, Tibetan terrier.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Group 2 (type of mastiff): [5] Bernese shepherd, boxer, bullmastiff, English bulldog, big-knife shepherd, canary dog, pygmy bull terrier, Labrador, mastiff, Newfoundland, French bulldog, rottweiler, German shepherd.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Note, however, the German Shepherd is clearly an upright eared shepherd dog in its external phenotype, officially most closely related to Group 3 breeds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Group 3 (shepherd type): [5] Belgian Shepherd Groenendael, Belgian Shepherd Tervueren, Bernhard, English Greyhound, Pug, Shetland Sheepdog, Scottish Shepherd, Russian Greyhound.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Note, however, the pug is officially closely related to the Asian dwarf hounds of Group 1, the mastiffs of Bernhard Group 2, and the Middle Eastern greyhounds of group 1 of both greyhounds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Group 4 (modern hunting dogs and other new breeds): [5] airedale terrier, American cocker spaniel, American hair terrier, American pit bull terrier, american water spaniel, australian shepherd, australian terrier, basset hound, beagle, bedlington terrier, bichon frise, border collie, Cairn terrier, cavalier king charles spaniel, chesapeake bay retriever, chihuahua, clumber spaniel, cocker spaniel, doberman, pharaoh hound, grey norwegian deerhound, ibizanpodenco, irish setter, irish terrier, italian greyhound, keeshond, kerryn terrier eri, komondor, golden retriever, kuvasz, miniature schnauzer, short-haired German pointer, manchester terrier, dachshund, pointer, pomeranian, portuguese water dog, rhodesian, schipperke, smooth-haired retriever, schnauzer, grand schnauzer, Great Dane, white west highland terrier, Old English sheepdog, wheathound Terrier, Bloodhound, poodle, welsh springer spaniel, whippet.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Note that the group contains many races very far from each other from their official history.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Even a Doberman would appear to be genetically closer to a Portuguese water dog than a Rottweiler, a Great Dane closer to a chihuahua than a mastiff and an American pit bull terrier closer to a cocker spaniel than a bull terrier.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The Rhodesian dog, descended from Group 1 primitive African dogs and Group 2 European mastiffs, is also genetically closer to the schipperke than to either of its parent breeds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The study thus calls into question e.g.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

often regarded as one of the oldest breeds in the world, the origin of existing populations of pharaoh and ibizanpodenco.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In light of new evidence, their lineage does not thus lead directly to the primal dogs of the Phoenicians and Pharaohs, but in their present form they have been mixed with many other breeds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Also, of the collier breeds approved by the FCI, so-called. The border collie “most resembling the original collie” is actually much younger as a breed than a Scottish shepherd or Shetland sheepdog.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Similarly, the herd keepers komondor and kuvasz, considered ancient, would appear to be surprisingly new breeds in their current form.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Similarly, the Labrador and Golden Retrievers, which are often juxtaposed with each other, come from entirely different range forms: the lineages of the former lead to Canadian mastiff-type water dogs, possibly a Newfoundland breed; the latter, respectively, descended from setters and from dogs resembling spaniels, such as the Scottish tweed water spaniel and the smooth-haired retriever.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Although externally and geographically the chesapeake bay retriever is closer to the Labrador than to the golden retriever, genetically it too is more closely related to the latter.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Escalating, all other retrievers share a common origin, according to the study, except for the Labrador, which is descended from more heavy-built dogs (novascotia retriever and curly hair retriever were not included in the study).


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Eugenics More defined breeding of dog breeds as separate breeds from each other did not begin until 1873, when the English Kennel Club was founded and official records began to be kept of dog pedigrees.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Prior to that, dog breeds did not officially exist, although different parts of the world had their own indigenous dog types and uniform dog populations used for different purposes whose specimens more or less resembled each other in basic characteristics.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[7] Original breeding Many current breeds are considered to represent the original land type, such as border collie and swamp.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Some landform types, such as the retriever, have since been refined to a more appearance uniform by selective breeding and have since evolved into several distinct breeds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[8] Often, however, this uniform appearance of the original landforms was also caused by harsh conditions and isolation from the rest of the world, which caused mountain dogs, for example, to become long-haired and of certain types and hot adapted to conditions, the Thai ridgeback survived for centuries unchanged without contact with other breeds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The white coat of many herd keepers was not a beauty issue either, but a protective colour that not only calmed white sheep, but also separated dogs from predators.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Similarly, the oldest herd keepers, such as the sarplaninac, were dark grey, black or brown in colour in the manner of the earliest sheep.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Otherwise, however, the colour of working dogs and other more defined beauty characteristics, such as the position of their ears, did not matter before kennel operations began - and certainly not whether the strain was entirely purebred.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[9] For example, it did not matter to an English sheep farmer before the official kennel operation whether he crossed an excellent herding collie and a border collie - as long as the puppies inherited good qualities.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Even less mattered whether the shepherding collie was a tricolour, sable or blue merle or, for example, black or red-white in the manner of a border collie.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[10] Breeding of hair, size and colour variations Today, separate variants have been processed from many breeds based on sheer hair quality, size or colour - sometimes eventually separate breeds such as red and red and white Irish setter, long and short-haired Pyrenean shepherd or grand and dwarf schnauzer.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Also, the pinscher and schnauzer were originally different hair variants of the same Bavarian stable dog, in the same way that the big-knife shepherd dog was considered a “short-haired Bernese shepherd dog”.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[11] The different hair variants of the Belgian Shepherd have their own names, and there are two different variants of long-haired which are classified by colour.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

If black puppies are born in the litter of brown-black or silver-black tervueren, they register as groenendaels and vice versa.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In practice, the two long-haired variants therefore still share a common gene pool, and the short-haired malinois can also interbreed with either tervueren or rough-haired laekenois.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[12] The Great Dane has three larger breeding lines, all based on colours and all judged at exhibitions in different categories.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[13] The white shepherd dog also has its roots in white German shepherds, which were defined in 1933 as colour-incorrect, although today the white German shepherd dog and the white shepherd dog are two different things and also differ structurally.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[10] From working dog to companion dog Systematic appearance breeding has not only narrowed the gene pool of breeds, but also made many former working dog breeds into companion dogs.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The current poodle could not be imagined anymore as a water dog and the breeding of a Rhodesian dog outside its native country is no longer based on operational characteristics.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

A greater proportion of Labrador and Golden Retrievers are now bred as family dogs than for hunting use, and the Irish Setter and smooth-haired retriever have become beautiful show dogs.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Few collies are herded either, although the breed as a hobby dog is common.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In addition, there is a differentiated exhibition line from many breeds of use, which is very far from the line of work.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Labrador retrievers used as working dogs are much solakier and elongated in construction than Labrador retrievers serving as companion dogs, and hunters' golden retrievers darker in colour than the cream-coloured golden retrievers seen in exhibitions.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The use-line australian kelpie is a higher pig and more elongated than the show-line australian kelpie, and often varies in colour much more than the often brown or black showkelpie.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Many a drive-line cocker spaniel is more akin to a field spaniel than a long-fringed, show-line cocker spaniel.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The Siberian Husky exhibition line is smaller, squarer and more compact than the longer-bodied drive line.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Influence of national pride in breeding new breeds The original population of many races is also chopped in half for national reasons.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

If found in two neighboring countries, practically the same type of dog is one day officially adopted in the name of only one country, often in another country it seeks to emphasize its contribution to the origin of the breed and seek to create its own breed entirely.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Originally, European shepherds breeded white mountain dogs with more of a type in mind, ignoring whether some of the dogs passed into his flock from the Polish or Slovak Tatras, before coining the official designations owczarek podhalanski and Slovak cuvac.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The Croatian station wagon wasn't interested either whether all his sheepdogs were of purely Croatian origin or whether practically almost identical dogs sourced from Hungary were involved - certainly not until the FCI adopted the mud as a Hungarian breed in 1966 and named the Croatian Shepherd as a separate breed in 1969.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[14] For centuries, the Sami people of Sweden and Finland had two very equal-looking populations of shepherding reindeer, which both countries nevertheless wanted to be recognised as separate breeds.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

National pride has also been particularly evident in dog breeding by the Japanese, who, like Koreans, have designated many of their native breeds as national treasures.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

They could not accept that the Americans had refined a heavier, round-eyed version of their national breed, the akita, whose colouring even did not match the Japanese notion of akita.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

However, as the exchange of breeding material between countries was stopped and the American version gained ground in many countries, the FCI adopted the Amerikanakita as its own breed in 2001.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Because the Japanese wanted to emphasise that the new breed had nothing to do with the real akita, for a couple of years it was named the Great Japanese Dog.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

An example of the reverse procedure for combining two different populations originally belonging to the same dog population, isolated by the border of states, is the cooperation between the Finnish and Russian kennel clubs in the merger of the Finnish Spitz and the Karelian-Finnish laika into the same breed in 2006.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Previously, Russian dogs registered as Karelian-Finnish breeds achieved internationally recognized breed status and the Finnish Spitz gained new lineages that help promote the breed's gene pool and health.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[15] The maremmano-abruzzese also originally arose from the amalgamation of the populations of two Italian mountain dogs, maremma and abruzzie shepherd dogs, since this was practically one breed which was originally incorrectly registered as two different breeds based on their area of origin alone.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[16] Crossbreeding Although the role of kennel kittens is to promote the breeding of purebred dogs, justified breed crossings may be permitted by waiver.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Often the purpose is to improve the health of the breed or expand the gene pool in a breed that does not present the same hereditary disease but is similar in nature, appearance and use characteristics.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Individual or systematic crossbreeding is practiced, particularly in breeds where the purebred population is too small and inbreeding without crossbreeding inevitable.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

One example is the Schnauzer-Pinscher-Pinscher cross kitten approved by the Finnish Kennel Association.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Known and controversial international crossbreeding projects include, in particular, the addition of congenital boxtail to the boxer stock via welsh corgi pembroke crossbreeding, and the restoration of normal uric acid secretion (LUA, low uric acid) to the Dalmatian dog by single pointer crossbreeding by means of.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Largest and smallest breeds The tallest FCI breed is often considered to be the Irish wolfhound, although in principle the minimum mammal height of a Great Dane (female 72cm, male 79cm) is higher than the Irish wolfhound's minimum mammal height (female 69cm, male 78cm).


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Maximum mammal height is neither specified, but the Great Dane weighs more.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The world's tallest still-surviving dog breeds are the bully kutta and the Pakistani bulldog - both 91.4 to 106.7cm tall.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The largest breed of dog ever lived is a Greek suliote dog with a height of 120cm at the withers.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

Another dog larger than the current breeds was the German boar dog, which reached a height of at least 110cm.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The heaviest dog breed is usually considered to be the mastiff with a maximum weight of 110 kilograms, but the Bernhard (50-91kg), Spanish mastiff (60-90kg), Caucasian dog (40—100kg) and Afghan mastiff (maximum 91kg) count among the heaviest.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The world's smallest FCI-approved dog breed is the Chihuahua, with an average height at the withers between 15 and 23cm and a weight of 1.5 to 3kg.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The Prague Rat Dog, adopted by the Finnish Kennel Club, also weighs just as little, although it is slightly higher.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

With an average height at the withers, the world's smallest breed is probably the American munchkin, with a minimum withers height of 10cm and a minimum weight of 900 grams (1.5-2.3kg on average).


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

However, the minimum size of the Chinese imperial dog is even smaller, only 8cm and 700 grams.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

However, it can hardly be regarded on average as the world's smallest breed like munchikin, with a maximum height of 36cm and a maximum weight of 9kg.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

In terms of average size, the smallest breed ever to live is the pen-lo, a toy-sized variant of the Pekingese dog popular in the early 20th century.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

It had a height at the withers of approx.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

9cm and weight 1.1kg.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[17] Most Popular Breeds During 2012-2013, the Swedish Kennel Association Svenska Kennelklubben established the list of the most popular breeds worldwide.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

The calculations included 26 national kennel organisations registration statistics for 2011, including Federación Cinológica Argentina, Australian National Kennel Council, Union Royale Cynologique Saint Hubert, Kennel Club de Chile, Dansk Kennel Klub, Finnish Kennel Club, Société Centrale Canine, Kennel Club of Greece, Irish Kennel Club, Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana, Japan Kennel Club, Canadian Kennel Club, Raad van Beheer op Kynnologisch Gebied in Nederland, Norsk Kennel Klub, New Zealand Kennel Club, Clube Português de Canicultura, Slovenska Kynnologicka Ta, Real Sociedad Canina de España, The Kennel Club, Svenska Kennelklubben, Kennel Union of Southern Africa, Kennel Club of Taiwan, Ceskomoravská Kynnologická Unie, Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen, Ukrainian Kennel Union and American Kennel Club.


Question: How many breeds of dogs are there?

Dog breed

[18] Based on sampling from these countries in 2011, the most popular breeds in the world were: Labrador German Shepherd (both variants) poodle (all variants) Chihuahua (both variants) Golden Retriever Yorkshire Terrier Dachshund (all variants) conversions) Beagle Boxer Miniature Schnauzer Shih Tzu English Bulldog German Spitear (All Conversions) Cocker Spaniel CavalierKing Charles Spaniel French Bulldog Pug Rottweiler English Setter Maltese English Springer Spaniel short-haired German staffordshire bull terrier border collie Shetland sheepdog Doberman white West Highland terrier Bernese sheepdog Great Dane Breton See also List of dog breeds List of dog types FCI breed group Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Eerola, Tapio| title = Finnish dog breeds| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-31-3048-7}} * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Referred to as the 9/11 terrorist acts (also referred to as September 11, WTC attacks, and 9/11), the series of terrorist attacks that took place in the United States on September 11, 2001.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Four passenger aircraft were hijacked in this case, [1] two of which were deliberately diverted facing the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The South Tower was destroyed in less than an hour and the North Tower in less than two hours.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

A third aircraft was diverted facing the Pentagon building just off the nation's capital, Washington.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

A fourth aircraft crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[2] [3] After nine hours, another third tower block, WTC 7, was destroyed, which was not hit by an aircraft.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[4] The hijackers of the aircraft were 19 Al Qaeda terrorists operating under the command of Osama bin Laden [5] and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[6] Based on investigations, structural damage and fires caused by aircraft collisions are considered to be the cause of the collapse of the WTC's twin towers.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[7] The collapse of WTC 7, in turn, was caused by fires causing the structures to fail.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[8] A total of nearly 3000 people were killed in the attacks, of which more than 2700 were killed in the twin towers and aircraft flown into them [3].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Indirectly, at least 1064 people have died as a result of the attack by July 2016, mostly emergency workers with cancer.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

In total, about 5500 cancer sufferers have turned up.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[9] After the acts of terrorism, the United States began a war on terror that has lasted to this day.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Terrorist Acts Early in the morning of September 11, 2001, a total of 19 hijackers took control of four passenger aircraft.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

They were American Airlines Flight AA 11 and United Airlines Flight UA 175 bound from Boston to Los Angeles; American Airlines Flight AA 77 from Washington to Los Angeles; and United Airlines Flight UA 93 from Newark to San Francisco.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[10] AA 11 collided with the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m. and UA 175 South Tower at 9:03am [11].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Initially there was no certainty about the cause of the collision.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

It was not known in the media whether it was an accident or a deliberate act.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

After the second blow, the intentionality of the acts began to be apparent.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

At 9:30 a.m., President George W. Bush issued a statement saying there had been an “apparent terrorist attack.”


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[12] A third group of hijackers directed AA 77 facing the Pentagon at 9:37 [11].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

A fourth flight, UA 93, probably targeting either the White House or the U.S. Congress Building Capitol, crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania at 10:03am, after passengers had attempted to regain control of the aircraft from hijackers [2] [10].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Some passengers and staff were able to call from planes via radio or mobile phones and give details such as that each aircraft had multiple hijackers and that they had used a spray similar to tear gas or pepper spray [13] [14].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The hijackers were carrying knives with which they stabbed flight attendants and at least one passenger [15].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The 9/11 Commission set to investigate the attacks later confirmed the information that two of the hijackers had recently purchased a Leatherman multi-function knife [16].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Both an AA 11 flight attendant and passengers aboard UA 175 and 93 mentioned the hijackers had a bomb, but one of the passengers speculated it was a fake bomb.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Apparently that held true, as no remains of explosives were found at the fall sites.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[15] Based on the black box recordings of Flight 93 and phone calls from the aircraft, it is known that staff and passengers attempted to take over the aircraft after learning by telephone that planes hijacked in the same manner had already crashed into buildings that morning.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The hijackers made sharp steering maneuvers and eventually reversed the aircraft into landing when it became apparent that the passengers would gain control of the aircraft.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Eventually, the aircraft flipped upside down and crashed.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[15] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, considered the chief planner of the terrorist attacks, mentioned in a 2002 interview with al Jazeera that the target of Flight 93 was the Capitol, which had been given the codename “Faculty of Law” [17].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Due to the terrorist attacks, three buildings were caved in from the World Trade Center.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Although the South Tower was struck later than the North Tower, it caved in earlier.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The South Tower caved in 56 minutes after impact, at 9:59 a.m., in nine seconds, and the North Tower caved in at 10:28 a.m., one hour and 42 minutes after impact in 11 seconds.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[18] [19] [11] When the planes collided with the towers, kerosene explosively caught fire and spread into the air and buildings.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Intense fire destroyed the fire insulation of the load-bearing steel structures, and their strength and load-bearing capacity were greatly reduced due to the heat.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

As the steel pillars warped, the floors pressed to sag, pulling the outer perimeter pillars inward.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Then the pillars of the inner perimeter were under such severe strain that their joints could no longer stand and the buildings began to collapse.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The South Tower caved in faster than the North Tower because the aircraft that hit it already destroyed more load-bearing structures on impact than the North Tower.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[20] When the North Tower caved in, the southern facade of WTC 7 was damaged and several fires broke out in the building.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

According to results published by NIST in 2008, WTC7's cave-in was caused by the failure of frame structures caused by multiple storey-wide, per se conventional but uncontrolled fires.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The heating of the steel support structures and beams of the midsoles caused, according to NIST, an extraordinary event, the failure of an important structural pillar due to the thermal expansion of the structures.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

In this case, the rapidly advancing damage caused the collapse of the entire building.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[8] At Arlington, the aircraft crashed nearly ground-level into the western wall of the Pentagon, causing the first two floors of the outermost perimeter to be destroyed, and after about 20 minutes, all five floors caved in to the width of the seven-column gap.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Several fires immediately broke out in the building.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[21] Air traffic was quickly curtailed due to the attacks.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

At 9:08 a.m., the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration FAA banned takeoff of any aircraft that were supposed to fly in the airspace of New York or the surrounding area.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The ban was extended to all civilian aircraft throughout the country at 9:26 a.m. and U.S. airspace was closed at 9:45 a.m.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

All 4500 aircraft in the air were ordered to land at the nearest airport as soon as possible.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The airspace was empty of civilian planes at 12:15 a.m.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[22] Planes coming to the United States had to either turn back or find a landing site somewhere else, mostly in Canada [23].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Throughout the day, the media broadcast unconfirmed and often contradictory news.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The news agency Associated Press, for example, relayed the news of a car bomb that had exploded at the foreign ministry.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

CNN reported on a fire that broke out at Washington Mall Park.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[12] [24] Authorities also thought the 1989 Delta Airlines flight was hijacked, but the plane eventually landed safely at Cleveland Airport [15] [25].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Several television channels, e.g.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

CNN, reporting explosions in the WTC towers at the time of the attacks.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[26] Victims of attacks In total, almost 3000 people were killed in terrorist attacks and hijackings, but it is difficult to determine the exact figure.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

A few weeks after the attacks, casualties were estimated at more than 6000.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[36] After one year since the attacks, the memorial service, led by the then mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, read the names of 2801 victims who perished in New York City.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Dozens of names had shortly before been removed from the list due to suspicions of fraud.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[37] Even after this, the estimate of the number of deaths in New York City has decreased to [38].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

In 2004, the Commission report gave the number of New York victims as 2749 [31], but since then people have been added to the official list of those killed in attacks [39] [40].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Most recently added to the list was Leon Heyward, who died of lymph node cancer in 2008, followed by the official number of deaths in New York at 2752 [27].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The number of deaths in Arlington was 184 [30] and 40 [34] in Shanksville, bringing the total number of casualties to 2976.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

All 19 hijackers were killed.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Among the dead were citizens of more than 90 different countries [41].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The New York National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) estimated in its report that about 18,000 people were in the twin towers of the World Trade Center when the attacks occurred, roughly equal numbers in each [42].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

According to the NIST report, a total of 2150—2160 people died in the Twin Towers: the deaths in the North Tower numbered 1460−1530 and 630−700 in the South Tower [42].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Many people in the South Tower learned that some accident had occurred in the North Tower and some had time to exit even before the second aircraft crashed [11].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Of all the casualties, only 160−190 had been below the collision zone [43].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The New York Times mentions that at least 18 people were able to escape the impact zone or the floors above the South Tower because one stairwell survived intact.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

In the North Tower, no one is known to have survived from or above the 91st floor.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[44] As the aircraft crashed into the North Tower, hundreds of people died instantly.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Hundreds more were trapped because the crab corridors were destroyed as unpassable from the 92nd floor up.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

People were getting stuck in elevators as well.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[11] Many people jumped out of windows because of the smoke and heat and died after falling to the ground or on the roofs of lower-lying buildings.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

According to an estimate by USA Today newspaper, there were at least two hundred jumpers.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[45] People working in the tower had the mistaken impression that they could have been evacuated by helicopters, so some of those trapped tended to the roof.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

However, rescue flights were not part of evacuation plans and doors to roofs were locked.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Helicopters would not have been able to land on roofs anyway because of the smoke, heat and equipment attached to the roof.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[11] [46] Hundreds of police officers and rescue and health workers were also killed during rescue and extinguishing missions at the World Trade Center.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The New York City Fire Department FDNY lost 341 firefighters and two paramedics.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[47] The New York Police Department lost 23 and the Port Authority Police Department 37 police officers [48] [49].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Cantor Fitzgerald, an investment bank that is one of the world's biggest players in its sector, lost the largest number of its employees of private companies, 658 lives.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The company's premises were on floors 101 to 105 in the North Tower.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[50] Marsh & McLennan, the insurance company, lost 355 and 175 employees [51], the insurance company Aon Corporation.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

In February 2005, authorities announced that just under 1600 of the victims at the World Trade Center had been able to be identified and identification work would be halted.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

About 1100 victims were unable to be identified and authorities are in possession of about 10,000 bone and tissue remains that could not have been linked to any individual.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[52] The remains of the bodies were found during the demolition of the Deutsche Bank branch in September 2005 and further in September 2006 [53] [54] and summer 2010 [55].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

According to the New York Post, the furthest remains of the victims were found 346 feet away from the center of WTC Square.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[56] In Arlington, 125 people were killed in the Pentagon building and 64 in hijacked aircraft [32].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

55 of the victims were army employees [57].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

In inquiries after the attack, the remains of the dead were found only on the first and second floors, but it is likely that in the collapsed area there have also been casualties on the upper floors.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

About a third died in the collision and another third in fires, and the cause of death for the rest was the combined effect of collision and fire.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[21] In addition to the fatalities, 106 people were seriously injured [11].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Material damage As a result of the attacks, the 110-story World Trade Center twin towers and the 47-story WTC 7 caved in.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

As the tower blocks caved in, plenty of parts fell from them, hitting the 22-story Marriott Hotel, or WTC 3.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

WTC 3 suffered severe damage and partially succumbed.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

WTC 4, WTC 5, and WTC 6 were also badly damaged by fires and parts of collapsed buildings, and their internal surface materials burned.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Other buildings were also damaged around WTC Plaza.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The water network was also damaged at several points in the WTC area.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[58] Molten metal flowed in piles of debris from the collapsed WTC towers [59] One of the buildings outside the WTC, one of the Orthodox St. Nicholas Church was completely destroyed by fragments that hit it.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Among the World Financial Center buildings, the American Express Building (WFC3) and Winter Garden were hardest hit.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[60] The Deutsche Bank building on the other side of Liberty Street was so badly damaged that it was later demolished [61].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The 15-story Fiterman Hall on West Broadway also suffered severe damage and was destroyed uninhabitable.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

It was decided to demolish it, and demolition finished in November 2009.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[62] Located on the north and south sides of the WTC complex along West Street, the 1926 Art Deco style Verizon building and the 1907 neo-Gothic style 90 West Street were severely damaged, but both were restored by the end of the decade. [63] [64].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

According to a report by the Federal Emergency Management (FEMA), five buildings (WTC 1, 2, 3 and 7 and the Orthodox Church) and partially three (WTC4, 5, and 6) were completely caved in in the New York attacks.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Eleven buildings received additional severe damage.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The total number of buildings damaged or collapsed was 56.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[65] Rescue efforts from the New York Fire Department (FDNY) arrived at the World Trade Center site with more than 200 units, half the strength of the department.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

More than 100 ambulances from emergency medical units also arrived at the scene, accounting for about 30 per cent of those available.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Because the shift had just changed, many firefighters and paramedics who finished their shifts returned to their units.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

It was a complex situation and the fire department management was not entirely clear about who all were present.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[66] The New York Police Department (NYPD) quickly deployed its Emergency Response (ESU) and helicopter units, as well as other police forces [67] to the scene.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

By 12 p.m., one-quarter of the NYPD's entire personnel were stationed at the WTC compound [68].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The fire department and two different police departments were unable to establish a unified lead at the scene.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Their command posts were located separate and were unable to convey to each other information that would have been vital to decision-making.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

For example, information relayed by NYPD helicopters that large portions of the South Tower were about to fall did not pass to fire department chiefs.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[11] The command post established by the Fire Department had no senior police department chiefs, and there was very little contact between the senior chiefs of the Fire Department and the Police Department [69].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Search operations failed to coordinate, and often different units searched civilians in vain at the same targets [11].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

When the South Tower caved in, both the NYPD and the FDNY received word of it all at once.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Contrary to popular perception helicopters could not anticipate the South Tower's cave-in, the NYPD did not evacuate its personnel before then.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[11] The firefighters and chiefs in the North Tower still did not know exactly what was happening.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The chief who was in the lobby of the north tower gave his subordinates the order to withdraw, but with radios malfunctioning, not all firefighters heard the orders.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Many left the building only after hearing orders from other firefighters.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The Supreme Chief of the Fire Department and several other chiefs were killed when the North Tower also caved in.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

The scene was briefly left without a commander.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[70] Given that the situation was complicated, it is difficult to assess how much the lack of cooperation between the various institutions affected the course of the rescue effort.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

However, the commission's report said the lack of joint action did not decisively hamper the evacuation of civilians.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

With only 5.4% of casualties working below the impact point, the evacuation was very successful and the death toll remained much lower than it could have been.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Rescue personnel carried the disabled people away from the towers, and firefighters rescued a crowd of people who had been trapped on the 22nd floor of the North Tower.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

In addition, the presence of firefighters and police reassured people, and there was no panicky mass exodus.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Police officers directed people on ground floors and helped them exit buildings quickly along safe routes.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[11] In hindsight, there has been much criticism of the failure of WTC security personnel to evacuate the South Tower immediately following the attack on the North Tower.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

No one could expect another strike and evacuating thousands of people was already inherently risky.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Conditions, moreover, were dangerous in some areas outside the towers.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Twelve minutes after the attack, however, police officers were ordered to evacuate the building.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[11] In Arlington, county, state and federal authorities cooperate significantly more smoothly than in New York City.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

An official command system (Incident Command System) for emergencies was in place in the area, and many police and fire units had already operated together in regional events and exercises earlier.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Conditions were also easier in Arlington.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Only one strike was carried out there, the venue was easily cordoned off and there were no other buildings in the surrounding area.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

No rescue workers were injured there.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

[11] Terrorists and Their Motives Naming suspects After the attacks, the FBI was able to quickly name the suspected hijackers and also provide more details about many.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Namely, the authorities gained possession of the suitcase of Mohammed Atta, who had not made it from a previous flight to join the hijacked plane.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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The suitcase contained a Boeing 757 flight simulator-instructional video, a pick knife, pepper spray and papers that revealed the identities of all 19 hijackers and details of their plans, motives and backgrounds.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[71] In addition, the passport of one of the hijackers was found near the WTC towers.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[72] According to authorities, the National Security Agency NSA intercepted phone calls on the day of the attacks in which known Osama bin Laden supporters rejoiced in the attacks and said, “We have hit targets” [73].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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German intelligence officials also said they intercepted phone calls from bin Laden supporters giving details of the hijackers' plans [74].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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The day after the attacks, German, French and British intelligence officials said they suspected “strongly” that bin Laden was the culprit [75].


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Two days after the attacks, on 13 September, US Secretary of State Colin Powell announced that the prime suspect is Osama bin Laden [76].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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On the third day after the attacks, the names of the hijackers were made public and they were linked to bin Laden [54].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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On 15 September, President Bush declared the United States to be at war and named bin Laden as the prime suspect [77].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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On September 27, 2001, the FBI released the names, photos of all 19 hijackers, as well as information about their likely nationality, dates of birth, places of residence, and pseudonyms they used [78].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Fifteen of the hijackers were from Saudi Arabia, two from the United Arab Emirates, one from Egypt and one from Lebanon.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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The number of Saudi Arabians has been explained by the fact that the planners of the attacks would have deliberately wanted to damage US-Saudi relations.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

On the other hand, troubled Saudi Arabian youths were easy to recruit and got visas to the United States quickly.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[79] The leader of the force was the Egyptian Mohammed Atta [80].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Based on letters found in Atta's suitcase, it has been speculated that the hijackers have been psychologically maneuvered and influenced by religious mysticism, long prayers and other rituals that have led to self-suggestion.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Opposing opinions have also been expressed: according to Jerrold Post, a professor of psychology at George Washington University, the hijackers were well-educated, mature adults with a history of strong religious beliefs.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[81] Investigations into the FBI's attacks, codenamed “PENTTBOM”, were the most extensive and complex in the FBI's history, involving more than 7000 agents [82].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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According to Dale L. Watson, director of the FBI's counterterrorism division, the evidence linking Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda to the attacks is “clear and irrefutable” [83].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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The British government also considers al-Qaida and Osama bin Laden to be responsible for the September attacks [84], on the basis of intelligence.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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However, bin Laden was not wanted for the attacks, despite being on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Persons list [85] [86].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Al-Qaeda Al Qaeda was formed in 1989 when the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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The foundation of the organisation was a network of volunteer fighters who arrived in the country in the 1980s.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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They waged anti-Soviet holy war jihad and received funding from both the United States and Saudi Arabia.


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[87] Between 1985 and 1992, an estimated 12,500 foreigners received training in bomb making, sabotage and urban warfare in camps established with CIA assistance [88].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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It has been suspected that the CIA might have trained Osama bin Laden as well.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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In the early 1990s, al Qaeda was active in Sudan, but after 1996 the organization's headquarters and training camps were moved to Afghanistan, where bin Laden forged firm ties with the Taliban.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[87] In 1996, bin Laden issued his first fatwa.


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In it, he declared war on the Americans because they had troops in Saudi Arabia occupying a country with two Muslim holy cities.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[89] According to former FBI Director Louis J. Freeh, the 1996 fatwa amounted to a declaration of war by al-Qaeda on the United States [90].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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In 1998, another fatwa was declared, signed by Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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It declared jihad against Western countries and Israel.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Among other things, the fatwa declares that the killing of Americans and their allies is the personal duty of every Muslim in order to free holy mosques from their rule and their military to leave all Islamic countries.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[91] [92] Osama bin Laden Osama bin Laden initially denied any involvement in the attacks in a statement broadcast on 16 September 2001 by the Qatar-based Al-Jazeera satellite channel [93].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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In December 2001, the U.S. government made public a videotape in which a right-handed figure resembling bin Laden rejoiced in the attacks and said he had known about them in advance.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[94] Bin Laden was left-handed.


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[95] Authorities said the tape had been made in September in Kandahar.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[96] In the same month, al-Jazeera posted a new video in which a person resembling bin Laden praised the terrorist attacks against the United States and called for strikes against the economy in particular.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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However, he did not say he was behind the attacks himself.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[97] Four days before the U.S. presidential election, in October 2004, al-Jazeera broadcast a recording in which bin Laden admitted his involvement in the September 11 attacks.


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Al-Jazeera reported the tape originated in Pakistan and was deemed authentic by U.S. security officials.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[98] [99] In the recording, bin Laden says, among other things: According to him, less damage would have come if Bush had acted faster.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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In September 2002, al-Jazeera broadcast an interview in which Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and Ramzi Binalshibh detailed the planning of the attacks.


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According to what they reported, the attacks had been decided in early 1999 and bin Laden learned the exact date of September 6, 2001.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[100] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed al-Jazeera journalist Yosri Fouda reported in April 2002 that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed has admitted in an interview to his involvement in the “Holy Tuesday operation” along with Ramzi Binalshibh.


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“I am the chief of al Qaeda's military committee, and Ramzi is the mastermind of the Holy Tuesday operation.


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Yes, we did it.” [6] The Commission report calls Mohammed as the “chief architect” of the attacks [101].


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He was captured by Pakistani security officials in March 2003 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan [102].


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Mohammed confessed in March 2007 under questioning by US authorities that he was responsible for the September 11 attacks “from beginning to end.”


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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He claimed to have been tortured after his arrest, but said he nevertheless made a confession without being coerced or pressured.


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[103] [104] Kenneth Roth, director of Human Rights Watch, has questioned the legality of closed-door interrogation and confession and considers it possible that the confession was obtained by torture [104].


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The CIA has admitted to using waterboarding in the interrogations of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed [105].


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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According to a memo published in 2009, Mohammed was tortured by “water treatment” 183 times and another suspect Abu Zubaydah 83 times [106].


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A military tribunal trial was held at the Guantanamo Bay prison camp in June 2008, in addition to Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, four other al-Qaeda members: Ramzi Binalshibh, Mustafa Ahmad al-Hawsawi, Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali and Walid Bin Attash.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Mohammed referred to the trial as an “inquisition” and refused counsel.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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On hearing that he could be sentenced to the death penalty, he replied: “That's exactly what I want, I have long wanted to be martyred.” [107] In November 2009, U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder announced that Mohammed and four other defendants would be transferred out of the Guantanamo Bay prison camp, so they could participate in a civil trial in New York.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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However, no precise date was given for the trial.


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Holder believed prosecutors would come to demand the death sentence for all defendants, and the trial would be equitable and “open both to the public and the world at large.”


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[108] In January 2010, White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said that Mohammad would likely be sentenced to death and executed.


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His testimony has alarmed legal experts, who think the testimony has compromised the fairness of the trial.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[109] Motive In addition to the 1996 and 1998 fatwas, Osama bin Laden has detailed his motives in his 2002 letter to the Americans published on the internet.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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In the letter, he briefly replies that he is fighting the Americans because “you have attacked and are still attacking us.”


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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As examples, he cites the occupation of Palestine, the creation of the state of Israel, and attacks on Muslims by or supported by Americans in Somalia, Chechnya, Kashmir and Lebanon.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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He also blames the United States for the fact that 1.5 million children have died in Iraq as a result of economic sanctions.


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[110] Osama has also cited as one of the main reasons that the United States had kept its forces in Saudi Arabia since the 1991 Gulf War [111].


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Khalid Sheikh Mohammed studied in the United States in the 1980s and is not known then to have shown any hostility towards the country [112].


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According to the Commission's report, his hostile stance is motivated by US policies favoring Israel [113].


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Mohammed Atta, too, was very critical of US policy, viewing the UN as a partisan organization that has never acted against the United States or Israel.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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He grew most agitated, according to a student acquaintance, on two subjects: the Yugoslav civil war, which he felt was being fought specifically against Muslims, and American influence in the Middle East.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[114] Hijacker Abdulaziz Alomari said his actions told the “infidels” that “you should leave the Arabian Peninsula, defeated, and stop supporting the poor Jews in Palestine” [115].


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According to American Middle East scholar Michael Scott Doran, Osama bin Laden's ultimate goal was for US retaliation to unite Muslims against the West, raise revolutions in Arab states and promote radical Islam.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[116] Planning the attacks Khalid Sheikh Mohammed has said during questioning that he first raised the idea of strikes with hijacked aircraft to Osama bin Laden in 1996.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Mohammed's plan was to hijack ten planes, five on the east coast of the United States and five off the west coast, but bin Laden did not think the idea was viable.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[117] By then bin Laden had returned from Sudan back to Afghanistan and was focused on strengthening his position there.


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According to Mohammed, it was not until the 1998 East African embassy bombings that demonstrated that bin Laden really wanted to attack the United States, and they were a turning point in the planning of the September 11 attacks.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[101] At the end of 1998 or early the following year, Bin Laden gave Mohammed permission to continue planning attacks, and in March April he told Mohammed in Kandahar that al-Qaeda would support the plan. [101].


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In the spring of 1999, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Osama bin Laden and his subordinate Mohammed Atef met several times in Kandahar and discussed the plan.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Mohammed's original plan also included the idea for a statement to the media about one of the hijacked aircraft, but the idea was dropped.


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Mohammed, bin Laden and Atef jointly chose the targets for the attacks, which were the White House, the Capitol, the Pentagon and the World Trade Center.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[101] Bin Laden led the plans, gave financial support and was in the process of selecting the perpetrators.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[118] Bin Laden first selected Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, both of whom were experienced jihad warriors and had fought in Bosnia.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Hazmi and Mihdhar arrived in the United States in January 2000 after attending an al Qaeda rally in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, before that.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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In the spring of 2000, Hazmi and Mihdhar took flying lessons in San Diego, California.


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They knew English only a little, so didn't excel in flying lessons.


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After all, they only serve as sidekicks.


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[119] [120] from Hamburg arrived in Afghanistan at the end of 1999, a group of men including Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah and Ramzi Binalshibh.


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[121] Bin Laden chose the men to carry out the plan because they were educated, spoke English and had lived in the West.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[122] New aspirants were searched on the basis of special abilities, whereby al-Qaeda leaders also found Hani Hanjour, who already had a pilot's license.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[123] Hanjour arrived in San Diego on 8 December 2000 and joined Hamzi.


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They soon left for Arizona, where Hanjour was still receiving refresher training.


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Marwan al-Shehhi arrived in the United States at the end of May, Atta on 3 June and Jarrah on 27 June 2000.


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Binalshibh applied several times for a visa to enter the United States, but it was not granted because he was a Yemenite and was feared to remain in the country as an illegal immigrant.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Binalshibh remained in Hamburg and acted as an intermediary between Atta and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.


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The other three Hamburg cell members received flight instruction in South Florida.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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The hijackers' sidekicks began arriving in the United States in spring 2001.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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[124] In July 2001, Atta met with Binalshibh in Spain, and they discussed in secret the details of the plan, including the selection of final sites.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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Binalshibh also conveyed bin Laden's wish that attacks should take place as soon as possible.


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[125] Consequences of the attack Immediately after the incident, the United States and many other countries imposed security measures to prevent further attacks.


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Traffic in New York City was shut down immediately after the attacks, and a total ban on civil aviation was declared in the United States until September 13.


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A similar restriction was also imposed in London.


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As the US closed its airspace from Europe and Asia, about 500 flights were heading to North America, with planes no more than halfway around turning back.


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Of the rest, some were rerouted to fields in Mexico and the majority, some 239 planes, to Canadian fields.


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The Canadian Federal Aviation Administration launched an emergency program, Operation Yellow Ribbon, to coordinate the control of planes for fifteen fields around the country.


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In total, more than 33,000 passengers arrived in Canadian fields.


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[126] Later travel regulations to the United States were permanently tightened, especially with regard to air transport.


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The attacks had significant political consequences.


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Several countries toughened anti-terrorism laws even so drastically that the actions of the authorities were seen as restricting civil rights.


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The US government considerably tightened its attitude towards groups accused of terrorism and the governments that support them.


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Shortly after the attacks, the hastily prepared Patriot Act was passed in the United States, giving authorities the right to detain an alien person presumed to be a national threat indefinitely without trial or rights.


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This allows Taliban and al-Qaida suspects to be held in Cuba at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.


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Domestically, a whole new federal ministry, the Department of Homeland Security, was created for security oversight.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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The most significant U.S. response to the attacks was President Bush's declaration of the War on Terror, which included the invasion of Afghanistan in October 2001.


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Criticism of official investigations, Thomas H. Kane, the chairman of the 9/11 Commission and former governor of New Jersey, as well as Lee H. Hamilton, vice chairman of the commission, have said in his book Without Precedent: The Inside Story of the 9/11 Commission that some information was withheld from the commission and their investigations were hampered on some issues, including by the White House and various authorities.


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The White House said the independent commission's investigation interfered with the then-ongoing congressional investigation and the ongoing war on terror to justify the commission's various difficulties in conducting investigations.


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Former New Jersey public prosecutor John Farmer Jr., who also served as a senior adviser to the 9/11 Commission.


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has witnessed the same thing in terms of concealing and covering up facts related to the attacks.


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In his book The Ground Truth: The Story Behind America's Defense on 9/11, Farmer Jr.


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told The Washington Post in an interview in 2006 that one is “shocked at how much the right truth differed from what was told to the public.”


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This he justifies, among other things, with recordings from NORAD, whose contents differ from what is officially narrated.


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However, all the men were ultimately quite happy with the commission's final report.


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[127] [128] [129] Investigations of suspected financial crimes related to the attacks Shortly after the attacks, the media began reporting suspicions of insider dealing, and investigations were launched on three continents.


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[130] The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) also began investigating unconventional trading in stocks affected by the attacks.


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[131] The financial audit listed 38 companies, including United Airlines and American Airlines, whose shares were traded unusually vigorously in the weeks leading up to the attacks, suggesting that some buyers and sellers had prior knowledge of terrorist attacks.


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Financial Audit Chairman Harvey Pitt told Congress that the investigation was the financial audit's “highest priority.”


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[132] In December 2001 and early 2002, media reported extensively on an operation by the German firm Convar, in which damaged hard drives recovered from the WTC rubble were sought to recover data.


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[133] Peter Henschel, the executive director of the company, pointed out that research was being done to some American entities cooperating with the FBI.


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Mr Henschel said the investigation was based on suspicions that criminals had exploited both inside information about the attacks and the chaos of the attacks in their money transfers.


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[134] [135] According to Convar 11:.


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Criminal money transfers worth more than $100 million may have been made on September.


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According to Germany's ZDF television channel, by March 2002, Convar had managed to recover data from several hundred hard drives.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

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In its memo, “FBI Briefing on Stock Trades,” however, the 9/11 Commission referred to FBI agents it interviewed on October 18, 2003, who had no knowledge of the data recovery operation discussed in the media.


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According to the commission memo, a New York agent who was present stated that any hard drive would have been highly unlikely to remain recoverable.


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[136] [137] In 2004, the Commission concluded in its report that “thorough investigations” by the Financial Audit, the FBI and others did not reveal evidence that anyone with prior knowledge of the attacks benefited from stock trading.


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The commission clarified that sentence with a footnote stating that “unusual trading” had indeed taken place, but that all share trades had an innocent explanation, including trades on United Airlines and American Airlines.


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[138] In its report, the Commission did not return to the WTC hard drive data recovery operation.


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In 2006, Allen Poteshman, an economics professor at the University of Illinois, published an analysis of pre-strike stock trades involving airlines.


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[139] This peer-reviewed study, published by California University Press, concluded that the unusually high number of long-term put options slightly before strikes was indicative of the prior knowledge of future shocks by investors in the options market.


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A group of Swiss economics experts published a study in January 2010 that found investors had obvious prior knowledge of shocks in at least 13 trades.


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[140] In April 2010, an international group of economic experts showed that there was a significant spike in trading volumes in the options market just before the September 11th attacks.


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The team attributed the findings to suggest that some quarters had inside knowledge of impending strikes.


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[141] Alternative Views on 9/11 Terrorism The 9/11 truth movement holds that those behind 9/11 were representatives of the US administration who wanted to carry out the attacks to gain a reason for, for example, starting new wars.


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According to the Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth group of the Truth movement, the destruction of the WTC towers, especially WTC7, filled several signs of blasting plume but no signs of cave-in due to fire.


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[142] However, the official investigation ignored any investigation referring to explosives and offered only an explanation based on fires, which they nevertheless considered an unlikely course of events.


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[143] As the most aggravating reason for suspecting the regime, the truth movement site 911truth.org, in turn, considers the driving down of air defenses, foreknowledge related to the attacks, and an attempt to cover up evidence suggesting administration involvement.


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[144] Subject in the media There have been a number of films about the event, for example Paul Greengrass's United 93, Oliver Stone's World Trade Center, Peter Markle's Flight 93 and Stephen Daldry's Extremely Strength and Incredibly Close and also dozens of documentary films on conspiracy, for example 9 /11: Blueprint for Truth, Loose Change 9/11: An American Coup, 9/11 Mysteries, 9/11: The Falling Man, 9/11 Press for Truth and 9/11 Truth: Hollywood Speaks Out.


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See also Psychological warfare Asymmetric warfare Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = NIST/John L. Gross & Therese P. McAllister| title = NIST NCSTAR 1-6, Federal Bulding and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster: Structural Fire Response and Probable Collapse Sequense of the World Trade Center Towers| publisher = NIST National Institute for Standard and Technology, U.S.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

Department of Commerce| year = 2005| id = CODEN: NSPUE2| format = [online version]}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ronald Hamburger et al.| title = World Trade Center Building Performance Study/ Chapter 2: WTC 1 and WTC 2| publisher = Federal Emergency Management Agency| year = 2002| format = [online version]}} Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) NIST:, National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST/Arthur Scheuerman:, Dec 8, 2006 Firehouse:, Firehouse.com, Firehouse Magazine April 2002 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wright, Lawrence| title= The Looming Tower| publisher = Alfred P. Knopf| year = 2006| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

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Question: What year Al Qaeda was founded?

Terrorist acts of 9/11

References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Plane Hijacks Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

Manitoba is Canada's fifth province.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

It has a population of 1278365 (2016), an area of 647797 km², and a population density of 2.3 as. /km².


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

[1] Manitoba is bordered by the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south, Nunavut and Hudson Gulf to the north, Saskatchewan to the west, and Ontario to the east.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

The settlement is concentrated very heavily in the southern part of the province to the U.S. border and on the southern shores of Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

The capital of the province is Winnipeg.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

Manitoba is the easternmost of Canada's three prairie provinces.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

At Churchill on Hudson Gulf lies mainland Canada's only Northern Arctic Ocean port, the most direct link between Asia and Europe.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

The northernmost parts of Manitoba are tundra.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

In the central part there is coniferous forest and swamps, in the south there is abundant farming.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

There are also extensive prairies to the south.


Question: What are the neighbors bordering the state of Manitoba?

Manitoba

Geography Geographically Manitoba is located in an east-west direction nearly in the middle of Canada, centered a few kilometres east of the provincial capital Winnipeg.