Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The vaguely and sporadically assembled leadership of the Lapua movement made no more than a few line-pulling decisions, which included organising “uprisings”, preparations for eradicating Communist printings for 16 June 1930, the capture of communist MPs from the Reichstag before 1. Reichstag meeting on July 1930, cessation of direct action for the duration of the Peasant March (7 July 1930) and Communist Acts and its resumption on 18 July 1930 with the ride of Väinö Hakkila, purges of local councils from communists Lapuan Movement based on the recommendation of the delegation on 24 July 1930, the purges ending in confrontation with the state power on 8—10.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

September 1930 and the cessation of violence on 15 September 1930 to guarantee a bourgeois electoral victory and a pan-bourgeois front in parliamentary elections 1—2.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

on October 1930.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Even these, the capture of the communists did not work like the capture of Rötkö-Pekkala by Eerolainen and Vuorimaa.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Especially K. R. Kares, as a former Reichstag, had opposed the capture of communist representatives in the middle of the Reichstag.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

A kind of general staff of the informal Lapuan movement (before becoming an organization) was the House of Kosola in Lapua.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The attention of the media, citizens and politicians was just drawn to Kosola in the summer of 1930.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The leadership in Kosola and throughout the popular movement was not very tightly organised.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Communications were sent from Kosola and contacted by telegram and telephone with various provinces and politicians.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

A lot of support telegrams also arrived in Kosola, but also barking telegrams, especially from the American-Finnish Communists.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Kai Donner referred to Kosola's house as “the post office.”


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, several different persons visited the house with different requirements.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Lieutenant Artturi Vuorimaa, who worked in Kosola, described the leadership of the popular movement thus: defining the personnel leadership of the movement in Lapua is not easy either.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Many times only Lapua has been spoken of, which is intended only for “Kosola and partners”.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

In the spring of 1930, Gustav Tiitu, Artturi Leinonen and Vihtori Kosola were the leaders of the movement.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

His inner circle also included the rector Hilja Riipinen and the vicar of Lapua, K. R. Kares, whose position was important especially at the beginning.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Martti Pihkala also played a role in the organization of the early stages.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Like the Agrarian League, Pihkala advocated maintaining a popular movement as a support movement for the government, rather than as a protest movement.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

So did docent Kai Donner, who had always been involved in various activist circles and right-wing organizations.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Donner was not among the leading figures; he was essentially laying the ideological underpinnings of the movement.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

He had prestige in the old activist circles of Helsinki and thus was a major player in the Lapuan movement in southern Finland.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

He remained a strong background influence throughout the existence of the Lapuan movement.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The moderate legal line Suomen Lukko, led by Leinonen, operated from March to October 1930, but drifted to sidings from the popular movement shortly after its founding, after direct action began.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Originally, the Finnish Lukko was intended as an anti-communist umbrella organization.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Lukko operated as an independent anti-communist organization and had footholds in various provinces of Finland, although in Lapua, a leadership of its own had formed around Kosola.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Kosola's own management came about after the sledgehamming of the Voice of Work (28 March 1930) and the Vaasa riot (4 June 1930).


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

In the summer of 1930, the so-called Lapua Triumvirate, or the Tri-Lead of the Popular Movement, was born, consisting of the bank manager Iivari Koivisto and Vihtori Duke in addition to Vihtori Kosola.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

K. R. Kares' influence in the movement grew after the Peasant March (7 July 1930) and by autumn he was actively included in the leadership and his place in photographs alongside Koivisto, Kosola, and the Duke.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

To some extent, the election of Kares informed the rise in power of the radical wing.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

There were many organizers in the Lapua movement who put Lapuan activities into practice.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous of these organisers are Heikki Castrén, Lieutenant Artturi Vuorimaa and former detective Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen of the Detective Central Police (EK).


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The latter two represented the steep wing of the movement.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Eerolainen turned Activisti magazine into a radical wing sympathizer while working as a journalist at the magazine and was known as a hard paraphraser.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Later, Lieutenant-Colonel Paavo Susitaival, older brother of Bobi Sivén, Repola's titular man, rose to become a well-known representative of the radical wing.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Susitaival served as district chief of the patron municipal district of Northern Uusimaa and is known to have taken part in the activities of the Lapuan movement at least as early as the time of the peasant march.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Since then, Susitaival was involved in the final stages of the radical Lapuan Movement and in the leadership of the Mäntsälä rebellion.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Several powerful men revolved around the leadership of the Lapua movement, so the leadership was not entirely in the hands of these three, then four men.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

There has always been controversy over Kosola's leadership.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

He was more of an ideological leader, elevated to the great peasant leader of the peasant uprising, who was made the new James Ilkka.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

In late November 1930, the People's Movement was organized into an organization, thus becoming somewhat easier to define its leadership.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The new leading name was Kurt Martti Wallenius, who remained from the Reich's policy for siding in Ståhlberg, who became the organisation's general secretary.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, leading figures in the business world such as Rafael Haarla and Petter Forsström grew in importance as sponsors of the organisation.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

Hilja “Hurja-Hilja” Riipinen, who was known for his radical opinions, was also raised in the organisation.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The main voice supporter of the Lapua Movement Activist in 1930 was counted as the leaders of the movement: farmer K. V. Huhtala farmer and Vihtori Hertzen ice steward Antti Isotalo farmer Matti Malkamäki farmer Erkki Perheentupa Lt. Col. P. A. Helped farmer Juho (Jussi) Tala Captain Torsten Hedman Vicar of Lapua, Asseror K. R. Kares Later found guilty of the Mäntsälä revolt The basis can also be deduced from the organization's leading figures.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

These individuals, though, represented the last radical phase of the Lapuan movement.


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

The main persons responsible for the Mäntsälä revolt (27.2.-6 March 1931) were considered: Vihtori Kosola (farmer and peasant, leader of the Lapua Movement) Kurt Martti Wallenius (Major General, General Secretary of the Lapua Movement) Arne Somersalo (Lieutenant Colonel, Editor-in-Chief of Ajan Sanaa magazine, Finnish Former Commander of the Air Force) Paavo Susitaival (Lieutenant Colonel, District Head of Northern Uusimaa Patron District) Artturi Vuorimaa (Lieutenant, Chief Operating Officer of the Mäntsälä Rebellion) Arvo Lindh (former City Viscal of Kokkola, Treasurer of the Lapua Movement) Rafael Haarla (trade advisor, financial supporter of the Lapua Movement) Walde Sario (leader, Mäntsälä insurgency leader and leader of the Lapua movement alongside Wallenius and Kosola) Professor Juha Siltala has mentioned as leading hit-and-ride hitmen and organisers following Lapua movement actives: (In parentheses, the locality of which the person was the leader and organizer of the strike force.)


Question: What kind of organization was the Mighty of the Karelian People?

Lapuan Movement

bank manager Yrjö Nikula (Lapua) Jaakko Muilu (Lapua) Jaakko Muilu (Lapua) deputy judge Ilmari Talvitie (Ilmajoki) businessman Arvo Sihto (Ilmajoki) Detective Central Police Detective Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen (Kokkola) Executive Secretary Vilho Viita (Kokkola) Captain Eino A. Laitakari (Turku) Paavo Markkula (Loimaa) National Coalition MP, peasant Erkki Perheentupa (Loimaa) leader Ahto Sippola (Helsinki) activist, farmer Toivo Pohjala (Pori region) War of Independence President of the Association of Front Men Eino Haarla (Tampere) Secretary of the Association of Front Men of the War of Independence, journalist Eero Rekola (Tampere) Chief of the Kainuu Patron District Major Pauli Kontio (Kajaani) Detective Central Police Detective, Head of Order of Kajaanin Puutavara Oy Albin Tolonen (Kajaani) bank manager Isak Kaitera (Oulu) former Group Vientipeace Principal Agent, Ilmari Takkala (Karstula) former Power League active, activist, innkeeper Einar Sarlin (Viitasaari) activist, peasant Paavo Jauhiainen (Kiuruvesi) veterinarian Aaro Hokkanen (Leppävirta) Member of the Joensuu patron district staff, pharmacist Karl Mannelin (Joensuu) Founder of the Nurmes patron council, organizer of tribal wars, member of district staff, pharmacist Matti Calonius (Nurmes) Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Perälä , Reijo| title = Lapuan Lieutenan| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Historical Society of Northern Finland| year = 1998}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Torsten Edgren, Merja Manninen and Jari Ukkonen| title = Epic, Finnish History Handbook | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-0-27651-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niinistö, Jussi| title = Lapua Movement — Photo history of uprising 1929—1932| location = Helsinki| publisher = NIMOX KY| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| publisher = NIMOX KY| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| | author = Nestori Parkkari| title = Years of Violence: Memoirs in Tammisaari Prison | location = Tampere| publisher = Folk Culture| year = 1961}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikki Ylikangas| title = Finnish History Nodes| publisher = WSOY| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951 -0-32864-4| accessdate = 20.10.2007| page=236}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

Kari Juhani Cantell (born 23 August 1932 in Mäntyharju [1]) is a Finnish medical researcher.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

Cantell's parents were lecturer Lauri Oskar Immanuel Cantell and Hilma Esteri Haapakoski.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

He married in 1958 to nurse Aila Onnia Koko.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

Cantell matriculated from the Mikkeli Lyceum in 1950 and graduated as a licentiate in medicine in 1956.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

He received his doctorate in medicine in 1959.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

At the beginning of his career, Cantell held positions at the University of Helsinki and the State Serum Institute.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

[2] For four decades, Cantell has researched interferons and published over three hundred scientific papers on interferons and viruses.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

Among other things, his research has contributed to the development of cancer drugs.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

With his research, Cantell has also won several science awards.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

He has been awarded the Finnish Cultural Fund Recognition Prize 1972, the Matti Äyräpää Prize in 1978, the MTV Cultural Prize in 1979, the Eric K. Fernström Nordic Prize in 1981 and the Milstein Prize 1995.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

About the life of a scientist, Cantell has written in his book The Story of Interferon.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

Cantell received the Finnish State Information Disclosure Award in 1994, the Tieto-Finlandia Honorable Mention and the Lauri Jänti Foundation Honorary Prize.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

For the book The Scientist's Reflections on Faith he received the Väinö Voipio Prize.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

Cantell was elected a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences in 1981.


Question: When did Kari Cantell give herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

[3] Works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cantell, Kari| title = Scientist's Reflections on Faith: Invitation to Lifetime Reflection | location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1996| version = 2nd edition 1996| id = ISBN 951-0-21018-8}} Citation error, error replace with {{cite book| author = Cantell, Kari| title = The Story of Interferon.


Question: When did Kari Cantell get herself a PhD?

Kari Cantell

The life of a scientist — joys and sorrows| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1993| id = ISBN 9789510188897}} Sources Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Category: Finnish doctors Category:Finnish inventors Category:Finnish scientists Category:Matti Äyräpää Prize Laureates Category:Born in 1932 Category:Living persons


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The written history of Hungarian territory begins with the Romans.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrived in the country in the early Middle Ages.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

An article about the origin of the Hungarians, or Madyars, and the earlier history of the transition to Hungary is told by the Hungarians.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

World migrations and the entry of Hungarians in Antiquity, around present-day Hungary there were two Roman provinces, Pannon and Daak.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Rome lost Pannonia in the late 3rd century, after which it was first invaded by Germanic tribes, then by Slavs.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Nomadic peoples such as Huns, Bulgars and Avaars spread out across the great lowlands.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Avaars ruled the region of the Carpathian Basin from the 5th century to the 7th century until they were defeated by the Franks led by Charles the Great around 800.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Franks took control of the western part of the region, where principalities of Slavic vassals, such as Croatia and Moravian, emerged.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The southern and eastern parts were loosely under Byzantine and Bulgarian rule.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[1] Hungarians lived in the 8th century still in the southwestern parts of present-day Ukraine, but they came to know their future homeland by war expeditions.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

When the Petsenegs attacked the Hungarians, these crossed the Carpathians under their chiefs Árpád and Kurszán, most likely in spring 895, and took control of the sparsely populated Great Lowland.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

When Kurszan died in 904, Árpád single-handedly reached the lead.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Hungarians destroyed the Moravian Empire, defeated the Margrave of Bavaria in 907, and also took Transdanubia.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[2] [3] Over the next half century the Hungarians became known for their raiding expeditions, which they carried out along Western Europe.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, they suffered a decisive defeat to Otto I, King of Germany, in 955, and the raiding expeditions gradually ceased.In 973, Prince Géza sent an embassy to Emperor Otto II, and the following year he and his family converted to Christianity.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

His son Vajk was baptized as Tapan ().


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[3] [4] The birth of the Hungarian state and the Middle Ages Tapani Saint I (István), who ruled from 997 to 1038, was crowned the first king of Hungary according to legend on Christmas Day 1000 at night.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[5] At the same time, the first borders of the state went into effect, Esztergom was renamed as the capital, and Christianity became the official religion of the country.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Reformations continued well into the reign of Saint Stephen.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Tapani created a stable and strong state system on the Frankish model.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

He is considered the founder of the Hungarian state.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Italian-born Gerard Sagredo, known as St. Gellért, arrived in the country as Tapani Saint converted the country to Christianity.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Gellért wrote Hungary's first theological works, became a bishop and founded a cathedral and a monastery.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

There is also the earliest surviving Hungarian language inscription from these times, the foundation of a monastery founded in 1055 on the northern shore of Lake Balaton.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Upon King Stephen's death, the country became riven by infighting and was almost conquered by Germany and Byzantinks until László I the Saint, who came to power in 1077, restored order to the country.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Bishop Gellért was proclaimed a saint with King Stephen on 20 August in 1083 at the initiative of King Saint László.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[6] Today, August 20 is the Hungarian state holiday.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

King Andrew II was one of the leading figures of the Fifth Crusade in 1217—1218.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[7] Although the crusade itself was militarily defeatist, in foreign policy it was profitable for Hungary and the king.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

After the reign of László I the Saint who successfully and confidently ruled, in the early 13th century, however, the economic and domestic political state of Hungary deteriorated to the extent that King Andrew II was forced to make a golden bulla in 1222 that defined the rights of nobles and nobles.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, rights were soon allowed to recede, as the Mongols (Tatars) invaded Hungary during the years 1241—1242.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Villages and towns — Buda and Pest among them — were subjected to looting and destruction.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

King Béla IV himself was forced to flee the Battle of Muh and live for a short period in hiding until Ögödei, the Mongol high khan, unexpectedly died and Batu Khan, who led the war effort in Hungary, withdrew his troops from the country, returning to Mongolia.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

King Béla IV returned to Buda and set about reviving the ravaged country.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[8] In this case, an extensive defensive system of stone castles began to be built, which today extends to the neighbouring Hungarian side.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In the second half of the 13th century Buda was made the capital of the kingdom.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

With the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, Charles Robert of the House of Anjou became ruler of the country.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[9] At the beginning of the 14th century, domestic and economic crises in Hungary renewed and only Charles Robert gained control of the situation.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

He was succeeded on the throne by his son Louis I the Great who expanded by his war effort the Hungarian Empire stabilized by his father.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Sigismund Luxembourgish upon his rise to King of Hungary also succeeded in obtaining the throne of Bohemia and later the Holy German-Roman Empire.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

He tried to prevent the bifurcation of the Church and pacify the intervals between the kings of France and England, as well as waging semi-successful defensive battles with the Ottomans threatening Hungary's borders.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In the middle of the 15th century, again due to renewed ruler disputes, János Hunyadi, a nobleman and knight named as regent, defeated with his army the invasion of Nándorfehérvár by the Ottoman Empire (now.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

at the Battle of Belgrade) in 1456.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

His son Matias (Mátyás) Corvinus became king in 1458 and during his time Hungary was at the height of its political and cultural influence.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[9] Buda was then the leading centre of Renaissance culture.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

During Matias' reign, Hungary included countries such as Lower Austria, Styria, Moravian and Silesia.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

At the death of Matias, the Hungarians also felt justice died, as King Matias was perceived as the fairest king.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Internal disputes arose and the nobility subjugated the peasants with great grips.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In 1514, the people rose up under György Dózsa in revolt, but it was defeated.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[10] The conditions of the earth just became miserable.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Ottoman Empire prepared for a new war and in the 1526 Battle of Mohács, the Hungarians suffered a severe defeat.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In addition, the young king Lajos II was assassinated after a battle, due to which extensive disputes broke out between the nobles, as well as chaos.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Buda was left completely unprotected and thus the Ottoman made a looting sight into the city from which the Queen and Court were able to evacuate to Bratislava moments before their arrival.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Buda was not permanently occupied by the Turks until 1541.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Hungary fragmented into three parts: the western parts came under the control of the Habsburgs, Transylvania became an autonomous principality paying taxes to the Ottoman people, and other parts passed under the rule of the Turks, where again the Hungarians and Turks continually clasped together by conquering smaller and larger castles from each other for about 150 years.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Fragmentation was also facilitated by the divisiveness of Hungarian nobles.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

For a long time (besides the sultan) Hungary had two concurrent, disputing kings, János Szapolyai, Prince of Transylvania, as well as Ferdinand I of Habsburg, a later German-Roman emperor.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[10] Also in the 1130s, 1310s and 1440s Hungary had two simultaneous kings for a short period.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

With the Turks, however, many good things also came to Hungary.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

For example, coffee, peppers, corn, in addition to most of the current spas in Hungary were built during the time of the Turks.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Under the rule of the Habsburgs in 1686, the combined armies of the Western powers drove the Turks from Buda and 1699 from all of Hungary.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Habsburgs came to power and also assumed the title of King of Hungary.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, at no time did Hungary formally belong to the Holy German-Roman Empire under their rule.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Habsburgs allowed other minority nationalities to enter the country to assuage Hungarians' desires for independence.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

It was not much affected and as early as 1703—1711 there was a war of independence led by Ferenc Rákóczi II.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[11] However, the less numerous and left by their French allies, the Hungarians lost it.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

After the revolt, an exceptionally long period of peace followed, when the Hungarian economy developed along by leaps and bounds.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Factories, theatres and newspapers were established.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Pest's importance in international trade grew.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Buda regained its status as the center of Hungarian administration.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On 15 July 1846, Hungary's first railway link between Pest and Vác was opened.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[12] The first steamer was laid down on the Danube — thanks to Count István Széchenyi, who financed the project — on 16 March 1831.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Soon they came to other of Hungary's most significant inland waterways (Tisza River on 3 September 1833, Lake Balaton on 21 September 1846.)


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

as well as the Mediterranean Sea (to Hungarian Adriatic cities).


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Around the same time, rationing of the Danube and Tisza was initiated to prevent constant flooding.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Budapest's most representative and oldest permanent bridge, the Chain Bridge, was commissioned in 1849.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The project was also thanks to Széchenyi and was carried out by the Englishman William Tierney Clark and the Scotsman Adam Clark.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, the prosperity of 19th century Hungary caused the rich to become richer and the poor to become poorer.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Hungarianism was becoming overshadowed by the Germanic influences of the Habsburgs.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On 15 March 1848, the Hungarians went to revolt again, demanding self-rule for themselves.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Hungary was declared a republic and Lajos Kossuth was elected as state administrator.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria put down the rebellion with Russian help and executed the leaders.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[13] The Hungarians used their red and white flag for the first time in the revolt.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Finno-Ugric in the 19th century, and especially during the period of national romanticism in the 1870s-1890s, the Hungarians' already strong sense of nationality intensified.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The “discovery” of Finno-Ugric by Hungarians when some Hungarian explorers had visited different regions of Finland, Estonia and the rest of the Baltic States and Russia — for example Antal Reguly 1839, Pál Hunfalvy 1869, Jankó János the younger 1896 and Zoltán Kodály's visit as a guest of Ilmari Krohn — and made notable notes and recordings of various Finnish folktales such as songs, language, as well as culture, which surprisingly resembled Hungarians, while a similar similarity was not found in the neighbouring peoples of Hungary.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The same was noted by Finnish folklore and language scholars who visited Hungary in the 19th century.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

M.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

A. Castrén got a closer look at the Hungarian language while the folklore scholar Antal Regulyn lived in Finland and Lapland.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The literature and art of the two countries converged and numerous Finnish artists such as Eliel Saarinen (who designed the first arch streets in Budapest), Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Yrjö Liipola, Ilmari Krohn spent long periods in Budapest and elsewhere in Hungary.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

According to some sources, J. L. Runeberg would have been inspired by the 1836 Hungarian national tune “Szózat”, lyrics by Mihály Vörösmarty in the lyrics of “The Song of Our Country”.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Kalevala was first translated into Hungarian in 1872.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

It is to this day a compulsory book in Hungarian high schools.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Other books taught at the school include Väinö Linna's The Unknown Soldier and Mika Waltari's Sinuhe Egyptian.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Dual Monarchy After suffering defeat against Prussia in the War of 1866, Austria was ready for reconciliation with the Hungarians.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The following year, 1867, the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy was formed, with Hungary gaining extensive freedoms and being on an equal footing with Austria.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The intention was to reduce Hungarians' zeal for independence.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In common was foreign and defence policy and the MFI.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The flag featured a combination of Austrian and Hungarian colours.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In addition, the coat of arms featured the coats of arms of both countries.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Austria's own terms were, among other things, the reform of the Hungarian civil code.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The status of peasants in particular, as well as various minorities, was improved, to which the Hungarian nobles previously had not agreed to for fear of losing their interests.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On November 17, 1872, the cities of Buda, Óbuda and Pest merged into a single Budapest, becoming the center of Hungarian administration.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

For about 50 years since the beginning of the dual monarchy, Hungary, and especially its capital, prospered significantly.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

When designing the city centre and its other neighbourhoods, efforts were often made to take the example of Parisian city planning.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On 28 October 1877, the Western Railway Station (Nyugati pályaudvar) was put into operation.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Budapest's famous opera house as well as the Eastern Rautie Station (Keleti pályaudvar) were completed in 1884.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The city's first — and the second oldest in the world after London — subway opened in 1896 as well as the Imre Steindl designed Houses of Parliament, with over 40kg of pure gold used to build, was completed in 1904.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Akseli Gallen-Kallela travelled in Hungary between 1907 and 1908.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[14] The pair of lion statues lying on both ends of the chain bridge so endeared the Finnish painter that he climbed onto a lion's back one night and painted the moonlit landscape of Linnavuori opening from the bridge.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The bridge sitter summoned the gendarmes, who began writing Gallen-Kallela a ticket after he pulled a note from his bosom pocket and handed it to the sitter.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Lapussa read in Hungarian: “I hereby allow the Finnish Akseli Gallen-Kallela to freely practice his art in all possible public places of the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In the event of physical obstruction or other circumstance hampering his work, Gallen-Kallela is entitled to request the protection or official assistance of the nearest gendarmerie patrol.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Commander-in-Chief of the Budapest Police.”


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Gallen-Kallela's Finnish paintings as well as Hungarian-related paintings were so enchanting by Hungarians that in 1908 the Gallen-Kallela Art Exhibition was held in Budapest, where nearly 500 of his works were exhibited.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The exhibition drew about 100,000 visitors.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On the pedestal of the lion statue of the Chain Bridge - on whose back Gallen-Kallela had sat - was engraved with gold-coloured text in Hungarian and in Finnish briefly the story of Gallen-Kallela.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, the lion in question was broken during the bombing of World War II and was moved to the Museum of History in Budapest.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

To replace the inscription, a monument to Gallen-Kallela was erected in Budapest in a park near the Danube promenade, on the Buda side (Budapest I. ker.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Lánchíd utca 17,.)


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

From independence to World War II Soviet Republic In World War I, the Habsburg Empire imploded and Hungary became independent.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

But it had fallen on the losing side, losing two-thirds of its territories: Slovakia to Czechoslovakia, eastern parts of the country like Transylvania to Romania and southern parts of the country to Yugoslavia.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

These included all the territories belonging to Hungary as part of Austro-Hungary, where Hungarians were not a majority, but at the same time three million Hungarians remained outside Hungary's borders.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The new borders were established by the Trianon Peace Treaty of 1920.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[15] The last King of Hungary, Charles IV (Károly), relinquished power and the government of socialists and republican radicals declared the country a democratic republic on 16 November 1918, although Hungary retained its state form — with a five-month break — as a kingdom.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The country's official name, the Kingdom of Hungary, remained until the end of World War II, although there was no king and state affairs were decided by parliament.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, the social-democratic-republican government led by Mihály Károlyi remained short-lived.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Under pressure from the workers' movement and the winning powers of World War I, the Social Democrats decided to ally themselves with the newly formed Communist Party and elevated its leader, Béla Kun, directly from prison to head of the state.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The United Social Democrats and Communists proclaimed Hungary a Soviet Republic on 21 March 1919.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, the fresh Soviet republic soon found itself at war with the bourgeois forces led by Romania, Serbia, Czechoslovakia and Admiral Horthy.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Romanian and Horthy forces eventually marched into Budapest and defeated the Soviet Republic on 6 August 1919.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Rising to become regent, the conservative-aristocratic Miklós Horthy ruled Hungary until 1944.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Horthy's aristocracy Admiral Miklós Horthy is during the time Hungary was officially a monarchy, but in reality it was ruled by a regent.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Horthy had served in the Imperial Navy, but Hungary, which gained independence from the Empire, was a landlocked country.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Hungarians jokingly said: “Hungary is a Kingdom without a king and is headed by an admiral, even though it has no coast.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

“[16] Hungary tried until the last to avoid joining World War II, but was forced to join in 1941 when a town called Kassa (Košice) came under bombardment by Soviet aircraft.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

It is not certain whether it was actually Soviet aircraft or merely disguised ones, as both Germany and the Soviet Union wanted to win Hungary on their side, so it is possible that which of the countries may have carried out the bombing without prior warning.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

World War II In World War II, Hungary concluded a transit agreement with Adolf Hitler's Germany and was able to retake parts of its former territories from Yugoslavia and Romania, with his support.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Hungarian 2nd Army was destroyed in January 1943 in the Don River region.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Of the 200,000 men, almost 137,000 died either in combat with Soviet forces or in particularly severe frosts.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Hungary was left with the 1st and 3rd Armies in addition to its home shore, one of which was under the influences of the Fascist Party known as the Arrow Cross.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Regent Horthy to prevent fascism or communism from bulldozing into the country had attempted to hold a few secret negotiations with the Allies.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In response, he received that the closest Allied forces were struggling only in central Italy, so the negotiations were not yet found to be current.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Asked to turn to Moscow.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In reality, the Allies and the Soviet Union had already agreed to partition Europe in 1943 in Tehran.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Horthy attempted to break away from Hitler's grip by declaring Hungary neutral in 1944.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, Germany occupied Hungary in March 1944 (Operation Margareetta), and hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews were sent to concentration camps.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

As Soviet troops belted towards Budapest in late 1944, Horthy concluded an armistice with them.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Nazis responded by elevating to power Ferenc Szálas' Arrow Cross party.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

This government continued to fight against the Red Army and it multiplied the ravages of Budapest.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

When the Soviets finally regained control of the city on 13 February 1945, three-quarters of its buildings were in ruins.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Inflation After World War, Hungary was hit by the worst inflation in the world to date.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

For every pre-World War I pengőt (monetary unit before forint), 1.4 trillion pengős were needed.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In 1946, banknotes worth 100 trillion pengős were circulating.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On 1 August 1946, a forint was exchanged into a monetary unit, valued at 400,000 quadrillion (4×1029) pengős.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

From People's Democracy to NATO In the free parliamentary elections of November 1945, the Agraar-based Small Ranchers Party received 57% of the vote and, after the land reform it had implemented an electoral victory, the Hungarian Communist Party only 17%.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, the allocation of seats in the government was carried out on the basis of a pre-election agreement, and smallholders additionally conceded to give the communists a key interior minister seat.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

With the help of the Interior Ministry, communist-led security police began arresting leaders of rival parties and many fled to the West.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In the new elections of 1947, the Communist Party became the largest and the Social Democratic Party was soon absorbed into it.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In 1949, Hungary was declared a Socialist People's Republic.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

It was commemorated by the addition of a new communist coat of arms to the flag and the colours of the flag were given a new meaning.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The notorious security police AVO, founded by Mátyás Rákos, ensured loyalty to the party's doctrines.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Nightly house searches were carried out in many homes, as well as people being taken for many days or weeks for interrogations, sometimes also involving torture.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The charges most often involved suspected Western spies.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

After Stalin's death (1953), Imre Nagy, a reformist and nationalist, rose to become prime minister.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On October 23, 1956, students and laborers marched to the Houses of Parliament to bring to light the country's grievances.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Opposition swelled into an uprising and the prime minister announced Hungary's resignation from the Warsaw Pact.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Imre Nagy appealed for international help.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, the Western Great Powers did not dare to intervene (with the exception of humanitarian aid), so the Soviet army defeated the uprising with tanks.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Nagy and thousands of others were executed.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[17] Communist leader Mátyás Rákosi was exiled to Siberia.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Rákos was succeeded by János Kádár, who abolished security police atrocities and released some of the political prisoners by the early 1960s.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, Hungary remained a socialist state, but the communist coat of arms was removed from the flag.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In 1968, Hungarian forces participated in the overthrow of the Czechoslovak Democracy Movement (Prague Spring).


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The 1960s saw a transition to limited capitalism in Hungary, and relations with Western countries progressively converged until the 1980s.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The visa requirement between Finland and Hungary was dismantled in 1968.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Small businesses were privatized and citizens were allowed to vacation in Western countries at certain intervals.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The so-called “goulash communism” was raised in Eastern Bloc countries as a paragon.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

It is partly for this reason that Hungary has moved more painlessly than other popular democracies to a market economy.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In 1988, widespread demonstrations demanding democracy arose in Hungary.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

After the 1956 uprising, János Kádár, who was elevated to leader, was ousted and the creation of opposition parties was allowed by law.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In the autumn of 1989, East German refugees were allowed through Hungary into the West, eventually leading to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of the Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On October 23, 1989 — the anniversary of the uprising — the new Hungarian Republic was declared established.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Hungary switched to a market economy.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Hungary joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

[17] In NATO missions and UN peacekeeper missions, the country has been involved in most places.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Currently, the Hungarian armed forces are present in the following countries: Serbia (Kosovo) 312+159 men, Afghanistan 191 men, Bosnia and Herzegovina 158 men, Cyprus 84 men, Egypt 41 men, Iraq 20 men.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In both Afghanistan and Iraq, one Hungarian has died while performing international military service.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

By the fall of 2006, the Hungarian parliament had decided on sending 18 men to Lebanon.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The Rise of Nationalism In 2011, Hungary ascended to the presidency of the EU.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The 2010 election saw Viktor Orbán's national-conservative populist party Fidesz rise to government responsibility.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Orbán's government sought to centralize power to the main party.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

It also sought control over the media [18].


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

At the beginning of the year, a new media law was enacted, on the basis of which the government controlled essential mass media.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In April, parliament passed constitutional amendments.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In December, the electoral law was amended to favour the ruling party.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The EU expressed its concern as a result of the laws. [17].


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Fidesz opponents accused the party's leaders of financial irregularities.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Fidesz supporters, too, criticized some of the drastic actions taken by Orbán's government.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

However, the government's support base was secured by a strident refugee policy with cross-party support.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Also to the people's liking were low, flat income taxation and small bills for electricity and gas.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Moreover, the industry that flourished on the basis of EU subsidies kept unemployment low [19].


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Fidesz leaned Christian on family values.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In the 2010s, the sharply nationalist Jobbik ramped up its support.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Fidesz added nationalism to its rhetoric in the 2014 elections.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

In 2015, the Hungarian government closed its borders to refugees trying to enter the country.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Fidesz sought its enemies in the EU and George Soros [20].


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

The party saw the EU as its enemy because its policies hampered Hungarian house wolf life.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

On the other hand, Hungary received EU aid.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Problem was old-fashioned health care and education.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Hungary moved closer in foreign policy to Putin's Russia and Erdogan's Turkey, countries which Orban considered to be presbytery [21].


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Juhani Huotari and Olli Vehviläinen (eds.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

) | title = Hungary.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Country, people, history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2004| version = Editorials of the Finnish Literature Society 871| id = ISBN 951-746-252-2}} References Literature Heino Nyyssönen: The Crown — Hungarian Millennial Riddle.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

ISBN 951-796-259-2.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Tuomo Lahdelma (ed.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

): Hungarian self-portrait.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

ISBN 951-796-259-2.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Gábor Richly (ed.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

): Roots of the self-portrait of Hungarians


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Huddersfield, 2008.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

ISBN 978-952-5150-99-5.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Gábor Richly (ed.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

): Hungary briefly 2000.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Huddersfield, 2000.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

ISBN 951-98600-0-2.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Antal Reguly On his way to becoming a researcher — Letters from Hungarian Antal Reguly from 1839 to 1840 Edited and translated by Viljo Tervonen and Liisa Rumohr-Norio.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Helsinki Society of Finnish Literature, 2006 Vammala ISBN 951-746-849-0 Gábor Vég: Magyarország királyai és királynéi 2001, Debrecen & Miskolc.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

ISBN 963-645-109-5 & ISBN 963-203-049-4 Ferenc Halmos Száz rejtély a magyar történelmbôl 2001, Budapest.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

ISBN 963-8229-63-2 János Jankó Utazás Osztjákföldre 1898 Néprajzi Múzeum, Budapest, 2000.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Series Historica Ethnographiae 11.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

ISBN 963-7106-69-3 Péter Domokos szerk.


Question: Where did the linguistic ancestors of Hungarians arrive in the country?

History of Hungary

Finnugor életrajzi lexikon Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest, 1990 Antal Reguly Magyarországi jegyzetek Néprajzi Múzeum, Budapest, 1994, ISBN 963-7106-32-4 József Szinnyei Magyar írók élete és munkái, Arcanum Budapest, 2000, ISBN 963-86029-9-6 On the topic elsewhere Kotus Gallen-Kallela Nepzabadsag online (in Hungarian) Zempleni Musza (in Hungarian) Kekkonen speech at the University of Budapest on 30 September 1969 Hungarokonsult *


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Cousins include persons who share a common grandmother or grandfather, i.e., the cousin is the child of the father or maternal sibling.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

A maternal cousin may also be used as an older designation as an orphan, from the paternal, respectively nepas.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Cousin people can be called when one of the parents is different, for example, the same stepfather but different grandmother.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

A cousin can also be used as a name if people are not biologically related but by marriage, for example a stepmother's nephew or biological half-brother's biological cousin.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

The children of the two cousins are second cousins with each other, they share a common great-grandmother and great-grandfather.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

A second cousin is also referred to as a second cousin [1].


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

More distant from this, but related relatives are third cousins, fourth cousins and so on [2] [3].


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Third knee cousins are also called sugar or quarter cousins, [4] fourth knee again splinter cousins.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Twin Cousins Double cousins are mutually individuals who share common grandparents on both the paternal and maternal side.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

A double cousin shares with the person all grandparents, aunts, uncles, uncles and cousins.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

When siblings in one family have children with another pair of siblings, their children are twin cousins with each other.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Double cousins are genetically closer to each other than normal cousins.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

On average, 12.5 percent of genes are shared with an ordinary cousin, but 25 percent with a double cousin (assuming siblings in both families are full siblings).


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Twin cousins are genetically as closely related as half-sisters.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Cousin marriages Worldwide marriages between cousins are common: it is estimated that globally up to 20 percent of marriages take place between cousins.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Among Arabs, cousin marriages account for an average of 40% of marriages.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

According to the BBC, 55 per cent of Pakistanis living in Britain are married to their cousin [5].


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

Birth defects occur in 4.5% to 6% of children between cousins, compared to 3% in the rest of the population.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

[6] [7] In Finland cousins can also marry.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

The Married Arc provision of the 1734 Law of the Swedish Empire defined that marrying cousins required the permission of the king: “Orpanat may not otta otta another toistans awioxi unless the permission of Cuningas sijhen gives.” [8] During Russian rule, an imperial decree repealed this in 1872 and the cousins received the normal of marriage law.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

[9] In some cultures, sexual relations between cousins are considered incest: cousin marriage is illegal, for example, in some US states [10] as well as in South Korea.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

[11] Cousin marriages are not prohibited in any European state, but their share of marriages on the continent declined considerably in the second half of the 20th century.


Question: What year was incest defined as illegal?

Cousin

[10] Sources Category:Genealogy Category:Family Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

The First Diadoc War was fought between followers of Alexander the Great, or diadoques, in 322—320 BCE.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Appointed ruler, Perdikkas married Alexander's sister Cleopatra in 322 BC, although had already promised to marry Antipatros's daughter Nikaia.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Cleopatra was the daughter of Philip II and Olympia and her children could become the next heirs to the throne.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

The current king Philip III Arridaios had been born to Philip in a second marriage, but was considered of little sense.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Also Alexander's child Alexander IV was only half-Macedonian, as his mother was a Bactrian Roksane.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

The growing power of the Perdikka made other diadoques uneasy.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

The Egyptian satrap Ptolemy had already previously planned to make Egypt independent and provoked Perdikka into war.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

When Perdikkas sent Alexander's body to be buried in Macedonia in December 322 BCE, Ptolamaios was able to capture the body for himself on the basis that Alexander would have wished to be buried in the temple of his “heavenly father” Zeus Ammon.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

In 321 BC.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Perdikka's opponents enter into an alliance.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Antipatros gave his daughter Fila to Krateros and Eurydike to Ptolemy.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Nikaia, who had been promised to Perdikkaa, married Lysimakhus.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Perdikkas decided to invade Egypt and at the same time sent a Greek to Eumene in Cappadocia against Antipadro and Kratero.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Eumenes, the former scribe of Alexander the Great, had never led any soldiers before, and he was confronted by Krateros, one of the most experienced Macedonian generals.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

To everyone's astonishment, Eumenes defeated Krateros, who also died in battle.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

In May 320 BC.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Perdikkas attempted to invade Egypt but failed to cross the Nile.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

When it became clear to his army that he would not be the conqueror of Egypt, it began to revolt.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Perdikkas tried to get help from his generals Peithon, Antigene, and Seleucus, but they decided to assassinate Perdikka and end the war.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

After the end of the war, the kingdom was redistributed.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Seleucus became the satrap of Babylon, Peithon the satrap of Media, and Antigene the satrap of Elam.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadock War

Antipatros became the new ruler, in whose custody was given kings Philip III and Alexander IV.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadoque War

However, war re-ignited immediately after Antipatros died in 319 BCE.


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadoque War

See also Lamian War (323—322 BCE)


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadoque War

The Second Diadoque War (319—315 BCE)


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadoque War

The Third Diadoque War (314—311 BCE)


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadoque War

The Fourth Diadoque War (308—301 BCE)


Question: When did the diadoque war start?

First Diadoque War

On topic elsewhere in Category:Ancient Greek Wars


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The PIK-11 Tumppu is a Finnish wood-built single-engine single-seat sports aviation aircraft.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The tump was developed in the early 1950s as a motor machine for the Polytechnicians Aeronautical Club so that members who had acquired the club's motor flight licence could continue their hobby.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

In addition to the prototype built by PIK, three Tummps were built in Mikkeli from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Two aircraft specimens were listed in the Finnish aircraft register in 2015.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[1] Development and Production Background When the Polytechnicians Aeronautical Club was set up, its first objective was the construction of the VL Sääski engine aircraft, but the plan for construction remained unrealized due to the lack of know-how it required.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The club ended up buying a second-hand Klemm or de Havilland Moth engine aircraft, but even this venture eventually foundered on weak financial assets.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

By the end of World War II, the motor plane would not have been allowed to fly anyway because of the ban on flying imposed by the Control Commission.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

However, the ban did not apply to gliders, and PIK's construction activities were started with gliders.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

By 1947, there were so many gliders going on that no further need was seen for a larger number.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

We moved on to consider the design of the engine machine.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The PIK-8 and PIK-9 pre-designs by Juhani Heinonen and Raimo Häkkinen as master's theses laid the foundation for the club's upcoming motor machine project.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[2] Pressure to develop the machine increased with several active members of the club flying A1 flight licences on the planes of the Academic Aviation Club and the Finnish Aeronautical Association.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

For the continuation of the motor-flying hobby, the Polytechnicians Aviation Club had to have its own plane.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The poor availability of import licenses for foreign types increased the desire to design their own domestic machine type.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

At the club's annual meeting in October 1948, a decision was made to build a motor aircraft.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

There was no consensus among the members of the meeting on whether the plane should be made single or two-seater, though the plane eventually ended up being made into a single-seater.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The background was lower costs and the smallness of the basement of the University of Technology used as a building space.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[2] The design of the machine type was taken over by Ilkka Läämaa and Kai Mellén, and work was completed in August 1949.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The top 40 horsepower Continental A-40-5, of the kind acquired in Britain for £75, was chosen for the machine type.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

However, a more powerful 65-horsepower engine was later acquired for the prototype.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The low engine power determined the limits of the machine's achievement values.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

A free-range subplane was chosen as the basic design solution, on which both the main designers drew up their own sketches of the machine, which were eventually taken forward by the Southwest Draft.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Mellén did most of the aerodynamic design and strength calculations of the aircraft as his aerodynamic engineering practice work.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[2] The construction of the prototype Tumpu construction was started in the basement facilities of the University of Technology, and the first parts of the plane wing were completed in spring 1950.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Next were completed ailerons, rudders, and finally the fuselage.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The finished parts were moved in May 1950 to Jämijärvi, where their assembly was continued in the more spacious and better equipped premises of the Aviation School.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

However, construction work slowed as builders involved in the project declined.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Jämi was awkwardly accessible by its early means of transport.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Construction did not begin to progress until the Southwest after Mellén was completed in December 1951, allowing them to work on the machine at full time.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

In addition to them, students from the University of Technology Per Andersson, Tuomo Tervo and Keijo Tiusanen participated in the project.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

It took an estimated 1750 man-hours to work the wooden parts of the machine.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

A more powerful 65-horsepower engine from the United States was ordered for the prototype and four others in the pipeline instead of the original 40-horsepower engine.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The engines acquired were Continental A-65-8 boxer engines used for 114—300 hours.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[2] In the final stages of construction, work stopped for two months as the PIK team participated in the World Gliding Championships held in Spain in the summer of 1952.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Around the same time, Southwest moved to work in Tampere, and the management of the project remained in charge of Mellén.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Later in the fall, a final hatch was taken, after which the prototype was completed after four years of work and 3500—4000 man-hours in January 1953.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The final assembly was carried out at 20 degrees below freezing at Jämi, and the centre of gravity was subsequently noticed as a result of a more powerful but at the same time heavier powertrain, [2] which caused Tumppu to crash on test drives already with the engine's subpower.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[3] Structural modifications were made to the body of the machine, which took a month to complete.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

After the modifications, the entire structure was test-loaded before upholstery for a load of 4.4 g.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The wing was deflected by about 16 centimeters, and nothing out of normal was observed during experiments.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

After test loading, the landing gear with attachments was still tested, dropping the plane to a weight of 325 kilograms laden from a height of 26 centimeters.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[3] The construction of three Tumpu was started in Mikkeli around the same time as the PIK prototype.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The first Mikkelian plane, the OH-YHB, was completed and made its maiden flight in March 1955.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The plane was destroyed quite soon, though, having flown only 20 hours when it was destroyed in Lappeenranta in April of the same year The next plane, OH-YMC, was completed five years later in July 1960.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The machine was later sold to Joensuu, from where it moved to Helsinki and finally to Lappeenranta.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[4] The last Mikkelite tumppu, OH-YMD, was completed in June 1966 and stored in the 1970s.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The machine was refurbished and returned to the register in 1990, after which the machine was sold from Lappeenranta ownership to Helsinki a year later.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[4] There were two representatives of the machine type in the Finnish aircraft register in 2015, machines OH-YHC and -YHE.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[1] Later machines were about 40 kilograms heavier than the prototype, and were top aerobatic aircraft.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

There was a later desire to get rid of the ban, but there was no perceived time for time-consuming strength calculations.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

In the summer of 1967, the Tumppu OH-YMC was loaded with a flight mass of 417 kilograms, and Tapio Kilpinen flew the strain tests of the plane as a representative of the Aviation Division of the Ministry of Transport.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

For the positive side, the limit was set at a force of 5.5 g and a force of -1.5 g for the negative.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[4] The use of the test flight program At that time, Kai Mellén, who had about 50 flight hours of experience, flew Tumpu's 15-minute first flight flight on 15 March 1953 at Jämi.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Esko Halme, a test pilot at the State Aircraft Factory, was originally supposed to fly the first flight of the prototype with the OH-YMA registration mark, but due to Halmee's delay, Mellén decided to leave waiting aside and fly the first flight himself, with a positive first impression.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Despite the potential shortcomings that plagued the minds of designers, the plane's flight characteristics proved to be better than expected, and no aerodynamic modifications were needed.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

A few short flights were still flown at Jämi during the same day, after which Mellén flew the plane via Tampere to Malmi Airport in Helsinki.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Test flights continued and minor modifications were made to the aircraft to correct minor defects that came into it.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

At the end of the same month, the machine was presented at an invited guest event, among others, to Professor Bernard Wuollee, Government Secretary K. T. B. Koskenkylä and the first president of PIK, Jorma Serlachius.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

A couple of months later, in May 1953, the plane was flown over Helsinki in a student stunt involving the Academic Aircraft Club Praga E.114 OH-PRB.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

PIK flew the prototype after the first test flights to complete a rather thorough flight test program based on US-based CAR part 3 airworthiness requirements.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The plane was also flown by Eero Juurikkala, editor of the Finnish magazine Teknologian World, whose article about the machine was published in issue 5/1960 of the magazine.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[3] The active-duty PIK used a prototype flown under the symbol OH-YMA until 1966.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

During its years of use, it was basic repaired and the engine was changed to the more powerful 75-horsepower Continental engine.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The plane was flown at several Finnish and Nordic championships and visited Central Europe all the way.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The prototype also appeared at aerobatic displays while the rest of the fleet was undergoing maintenance.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

PIK's Tumppu also appeared in Edvin Laine's The Unknown Soldier film as well as the German 08/15 war film series.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[3] Structure miniature|Tumppu at the Finnish Aviation Museum in Vantaa.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The wood-framed wing of the tump was one-piece, and trapezoidal in shape due to its small tip span.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

Its profiles included NACA 2415 at the base and NACA 4409R at the tip.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

There were five degrees of V-angle and a geometric rotation of 2.8 degrees.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The fuselage used cam dampers except for the load-bearing plywood shell construction.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The plane had a cylindrical 65-litre fuel tank attached by belts to the forward fuselage arch.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The landing gear was machined from the spring of a half-inch railcar and had no brakes.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

The spur had to be maneuvered.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[2] The start of the Continental A65-8 engined machines occurred by throwing from the propeller.


Question: Who built PIK-11 Tumpu?

PIK-11 Bump

[3] Technical data Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Jukka| title = Pilot's Perspective 3: PIK Series Airplanes| location = Kerava| publisher = Self-Publish| year = 1995| isbn = 951-96866-1-4}} References on the topic elsewhere Category:Polytechnicians Aviation Club Aircraft Category:Finnish general aviation aircraft Class:1950s general aviation aircraft


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian I or Justinian the Great (; [1]; 11 May 483 in Tauresium — 13/14.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

November 565) was an Eastern Roman Emperor from 1 August 527 until his death.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian is generally estimated to be among the most prominent rulers of late antiquity or even the entire medieval period.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[2] His most significant achievement is considered to be the collection of Roman laws, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which was an important collection of laws for the Eastern Roman Empire for centuries and which laid the groundwork for the legislation of several other European countries.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[3] Justinian is sometimes nicknamed “the last Roman”, for he was the last emperor to speak native Latin and conquered the city of Rome.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

During the reign of Justinian, Byzantium reclaimed territories lost to the barbarians in Africa and Italy.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

He also significantly overhauled governance and legislation.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian began a major building program, the most famous accomplishment of which was the Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian's ambitious reforms and conquests also brought about negative consequences.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Thousands of people were killed in the so-called Nika Rebellion.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

The plague of Justinian named after him killed tens of millions of people in the later years of his reign, including about half the population of the Byzantine Empire, thus one of the worst pandemics ever.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

After Justinian's death, the kingdom was at the limits of its resources, or at least that is what the propaganda of his followers claimed.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian also allowed the closure of the Athenian Academy.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[2] Much is known about the reign of Justinian thanks to the historians Prokopios and Agathias.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Juvenile Justinus, birthnamed Petrus Sabbatius, was born into modest conditions.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian's seat was Tauresion, or Tauresium, which was located in a Latin-speaking area, near present-day Skopje (former.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Yugoslavia).


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[4] Contemporaneous source Johannes Malalas tells of Justinian's appearance that he was short, light-skinned, curly haired, round-faced and handsome.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Prokopios compares Justinian's appearance to the tyrannical Domitianus, but this is probably just slander.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[2] Justinian's uncle Justinus I, a Thracian unlearned peasant, had arrived in Constantinople as early as the 470s and had made his way into the new guard of Emperor Leo, who became known as the excubitores.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinus I was a competent soldier and progressed easily in his career.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

While prospering, he called his relatives to the capital, with them also came Justine's sister's son Petrus, whose education Justine I was publishing.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinus I had no children of his own, which is why he adopted a son by 520 and he adopted his new name Justinian.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[4] At the death of Emperor Anastasius in 518, Justinus was an officer in one of the Emperor's palatial guards.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[5] Anastasius had not appointed himself a successor, even though he had three nephews.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Chronicler Joannes Malalas recounts how Justinus I became emperor.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

The high-ranking eunuch Amantius, who himself would not have been able to become emperor, tried to garner support for his own candidacy.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Amantius gave Justinus money with which he came to bribe the soldiers of the Guard.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinus bribed the soldiers, but not to support Amantius, but for himself.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

On July 10, in 518, Justinus was proclaimed the new emperor by the Senate, army and people.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinus immediately gave his nephew the title comes.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Prokopios claims that Justinus was almost illiterate and that Justinian had real power right from the start.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

As soon as Justine rose to emperor, Justinian threw himself into the eaters of politics.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Three months after Justine came to power, Justinian already wrote an impatient letter to the Pope demanding that he come to Constantinople.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

However, Justinian's position as Justinus' successor was not entirely clear.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[6] Over the next few years, Justinian's prestige grew immensely.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

According to Prokopios, Justinian was implicated in the assassination of the consul Vitalianus of 520.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Vitalianus was also magister militum praesentalis, the main military commander of the capital.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinus then appointed Justinian as the new magister militum praesentalis.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian was also appointed consul for the year 521.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian organised magnificent runs in his consular year, which increased his popularity even further.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[5] Theodora In 522 Justinian met his future wife Theodora.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian was already nearly 40 years old and Theodora was much younger than this.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Most of the information on Theodora is derived from Prokopios' “Anecdote”.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

In this book, the historian unravels his hatred of the Empress.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

In Prokopios' description, Theodora manipulates her weak-willed husband.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[6] Theodora was an actress by profession.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Around this time, actors were not appreciated and were counted as prostitutes.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Justinian could not, in fact, have married Theodora had it not been for the emperor Justinus to enact a law that allowed marriages between high-stewards and actresses.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Theodora's father had been active in the hippodrome as the tamer of the bears of the “Green Party”.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Theodora began to hate the Greens because they hadn't helped her mother since her father died.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

Theodora was henceforth, as was Justinian, a supporter of the Blue.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

[7] It is not known how Justinian and Theodora met, but apparently Justinian fell in love with Theodora.


Question: Who ruled before Justinian I?

Justinian I

In one of the laws he enacted later, he said that marriage arises from shared affection and does not need a dowry in addition to it.