Question: How long did the Rumble in the Jungle match last?

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[12] However, already in the United States during his training camp at Deer Lake, Ali had jokingly presented to his coaches the idea that Foreman (who had taken full rounds last four years earlier, even then a ten-round [11]) could be defeated by tiring.


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The use of this idea was further strengthened when Ali went secretly following the champion's drills, where he saw Foreman attack directly through the perimeter to attack his training opponents.


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Ali realised he would have to devote all his energy to running away from an opponent unless he came up with something entirely different.


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[12] Throughout the summer spent in Zaire, Ali focused specifically on developing his abs in training to withstand Foreman's powerful body blows.


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[9] The match started at 4 am in the morning Zaire time.


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The early start time had given particular thought to US airtime.


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On the ground, at Kinshasa's Stade du 20 mai stadium, 60000 people watched the match.


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[9] Although Foreman was the match-winning favourite with a ratio of 3—1, [2] [9] [12] it was believed Ali would provide him with the toughest resistance in years.


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[4] The challenger arrived at the scene a few minutes before Foreman and warmed up by moving around the ring.


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In his memoirs, Ali said many journalists interpreted the movement as an occurrence fever, when in reality he sought a feel for the distances between corners of the perimeter and the sturdiness of the ropes.


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[13] When World Champion Foreman arrived in the ring, Zack Clayton, who was the ring judge, began instructing boxers on the rules of the fight.


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In the middle of instructions, Ali began by talking to annoy and insult Foreman, who did not respond to the slanders in any way.


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The judge warned Ali about speaking several times and threatened this with a dismay, however unsuccessfully.


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Ali, in his own words, did not think he would be rejected because no rule forbids speaking during a struggle.


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He also knew Clayton wouldn't dare run him out of the ring when most of the spectators in the stadium supported him.


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[14] Ali began the match by moving for himself typically dancing forward.


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He fought surprisingly aggressively, striking Foreman several times with the right straight.


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Ali's hits made the audience scream.


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Foreman, however, stepped on the punches and his powerful body blow caused Ali to grimace.


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Foreman got Ali on the ropes a few times during the first set, but the challenger got away each time.


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[2] Ali has said Foreman's strength was his ability to break the challenger's path by righting straight through the ring.


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Ali explains that in the first round he failed to get Foreman, like his other opponents, at his own pace.


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[15] Foreman did not have to take as many steps per round as Ali in attack, and the challenger didn't think he could take 15 rounds that way.


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Leaning on the ropes and fending off Foreman's punches, he was able to tire out his opponent.


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[16] After the round, the men who worked at Ali's corner advised him to dance and stay out of the ropes, at which point Ali said he knew what he was doing.


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[12] At that point, he realised he couldn't beat Foreman with traditional boxing and decided to make the most of his impact resistance.


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[17] During the batch break, Ali still had time to raise the crowd to shout his name by waving his hand in the air.


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[2] In the second set, Foreman went on the offensive and easily got Ali on the ropes.


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However, this dominated melee situations and, with his protection, was able to stop Foreman's worst hooks.


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More clean hits were tagged for Ali during the round than Foreman.


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[2] The third installment ran the same way as the previous one.


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Foreman got hit this time with more hooks to Ali's torso and was hit once in the head.


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Ali, who continued to lean on the ropes, aimed to hit sets of punches into Foreman's face at every opportunity.


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The batch was very flat [2] and Muhammad Ali has afterwards called it the longest installment of his career.


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He himself reckoned Foreman won.


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[18] After returning to his corner for the break, Ali said to his coach Angelo Dundee that Foreman's blows were tolerable.


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This was a sign that he was no longer going to change his tactics, but would continue to tire his opponent until the end of the struggle.


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[12] In the fourth set, Foreman started to seem tired and Ali was able to destabilize him.


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Foreman's punches were no longer as accurate and his punches struck many times on Ali's arms instead of his torso.


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[2] In addition to this, the challenger began to annoy the champion by describing her blows as girly.


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[12] Ali won the round.


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[2] Foreman grew frustrated with Ali's annoyance and, despite his exhaustion, began the fifth set offensively, aiming to settle the match quickly.


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He began striking power punches, some of which passed Ali's protection and hit the torso.


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Late in the round, Ali was again able to hit Foreman with punch sets that made him wobble.


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The more active Foreman, however, won the batch to his name.


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[2] After the pressure of the fifth round, Foreman tired and Ali managed to win the next two rounds to his name.


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Foreman tried in vain to get Ali within striking distance by driving him from behind, causing Ali to strike him with a straight face, getting many clean hits.


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The audience, cheering on the challenger, began shouting Ali, bombaye (Finnish. “Ali, kill him”) [1] -his cheer for encouragement ever louder during installments.


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At the start of the eighth round, an exhausted Foreman had to crash out of the ring for his passing blow, but managed to hit cleaner punches than previous rounds.


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[2] Towards the end of the round, Ali decided to settle the match and threw a series of punches to Foreman's face.


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The last-missed blow to Foreman's jaw knocked the reigning champion down the canvas.


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Ali stayed to monitor the situation with his right arm still raised.


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Zach Clayton, who served as the ring judge, counted Foreman out of the bout, although he was still trying to stand up.


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[2] On the edge of the ring, former world champion Archie Moore, who supported Foreman, tried to instruct him to turn on his stomach and stand up on his feet, but to no avail.


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[12] The round finished in a time of 2.58, two seconds before its conclusion.


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Muhammad Ali became the second boxer to win the boxing world heavyweight title back.


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[2] After the match Both fighters made a record $5 million in match fees from the struggle.


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[19] [9] Since Muhammad Ali received various compensation for his victory in addition to his match fee, his fee has been calculated to have increased to as much as $5.85 million.


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[20] The match organizers made $12 million from television rights alone, but the cinematic performances of the struggle were considered to have fallen far short of the stated goal of $40 million.


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[9] A photo of a knockout blow struck by Muhammad Ali with a right straight made it onto the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine.


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[21] The outcome of the match surprised everyone, as Ali had beaten Foreman in a way that had been said to lead to his own defeat.


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Before the match, many pundits had written that Ali would only have a chance if he sought to avoid Foreman and stay off the ropes.


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[2] George Foreman, after the bout, was unable to remember the final seconds of it, during which he was knocked out.


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[12] Foreman said to reporters that during the struggle he didn't even feel tired.


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He also imagined the match was in his control, [12] [9] for he said he had carefully followed instructions given by his manager Dick Sadler.


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[12] Those in Foreman's entourage were as surprised by the defeat as he was.


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Manager Sadler has said they practised with Foreman specifically about attacking them across the ring and driving an opponent into the ropes.


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Although this had happened despite the defeat, he said Foreman had been wrong in trying to hit one crucial powerful punch when the angling staff had specifically instructed him to hit his opponent with strike sets.


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[12] The former world champion Archie Moore, who worked in Foreman's corner, disagreed with this and was more understanding of the defeat of the pre-favourite.


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He stressed that Foreman had not driven Ali to the ropes but the challenger had retreated into them himself, which had changed the whole situation as at no point in the struggle was Ali in a place he would not have wanted to be.


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Moore also compared Ali's match-fixing to the struggles of a young Jack Thompson in the 1920s.


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Thompson was renowned for his matches in which he deftly exploited the ropes surrounding the ring.


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[12] Muhammad Ali's tactics were later given the name rope-a-dope.


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It took George Foreman years to get over the defeat he experienced at the Rumble in the Jungle, the first of his career.


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He hated Ali and had nightmares about the match.


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He denied that he had lost with honest play and blamed poisoned water for his defeat, [22] the too-fast count of ring umpire Zach Clayton, [9] the heavy climate in Africa he had not had time to get used to, and the ring ropes loosened by Ali's coach Angelo Dundee.


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[1] Later, however, Foreman acknowledged the authenticity of his defeat, and since then he and Ali have become good friends.


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Furthermore, Foreman has shared that the match taught him humility in life and that he is proud to be an important figure in Ali's colourful career.


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[3] Foreman has also said that he considers Muhammad Ali to be the greatest boxer of all time.


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[23] The Rumble in the Jungle is one of the most famous boxing matches that has ever taken place.


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[1] Norman Mailer wrote the reportage book The Fight (1975) about the fight and Leon Gast directed the 1996 documentary The Ring Kings, which won the Academy Award for Best Documentary.


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Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ali, Muhammad; Durham, Richard| title = Biggest and most beautiful| others = Translated by Jussi Nousiain| location = Helsinki| publisher = Oak | year= 1975| id = ISBN 951-30-3664-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Goldstein, Alan| title = Muhammad Ali — legendary boxer| others = Translated by Marianna Kurtto| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Gummerus| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-20-7653-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lunasheimo, Annul| title = Heroes of the Circle | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1987| id = ISBN 951-0-13981-5}} References Category:79.4 Athletics, Self Defense Category:Boxing Matches Category:1974 Sports


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Reasoning is thinking that normally progresses from assumptions to conclusion.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Often reasoning is given justification.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The presentation of reasoning grounds and chains of proof is called argumentation.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Argumentation builds a connection between the bases of reasoning and the conclusion of reasoning.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

A conclusion is an argument for which reasoning is being argued.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The subdivision of philosophy that studies formally valid reasoning is called logic.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In the area of logic, the grounds from which the conclusion of reasoning is derived are called premises.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Logic does not examine how people infer, but how people should conclude if you want that reasoning to be valid.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In valid reasoning, the truth of assumptions provides the desired certainty of the conclusion of the truth.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

If the grounds or the premise of reasoning are untrue, there can be no certainty as to the truth of the conclusion, even if the reasoning is formally impeccable.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Traditionally, reasoning is broken down by making a distinction between dialectical reasoning, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, analogy reasoning, and abductive reasoning.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In everyday life, people use different ways of reasoning often unconsciously.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Dialectical Reasoning Reasoning usually occurs in a conversation between people.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Conversational justification is called dialectic.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

According to Aristotle, dialectic takes off from views generally accepted by people.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In a debate like this, the starting points of debate need not be certain.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The starting points of discussion may contradict each other.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The debate will weigh different aspects and consider the arguments for different views, for and against conclusions.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Dialectical reasoning is exploited where no prepared reasoning model is suitable for looking at the topic being discussed, or it is difficult to choose a suitable one from a variety of methods.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

When a scientist is forced to look critically at the validity of various scientific theories, he takes advantage of dialectics.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In a situation like this, the scientist tends to weigh the pros and cons of various theories.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Dialectical reasoning is realized in a conversation between two or more people.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The purpose of the debate is to refute untrue beliefs.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

All that remains are those beliefs for which the debate can find strong grounds.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Those views for which debaters find no basis are refuted.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Refutation occurs indirectly by deriving untrue beliefs to the contradictory conclusions that follow from them.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Since dialectical reasoning does not mobilize from certain starting points, the debate also highlights the contribution of rhetoric.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The persuasiveness of debaters is influenced, in addition to arguments, by their ability to present the people of their views in a persuasive manner.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The father of the dialectical method is usually considered to be Socrates, who developed the so-called Socratic method.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Deductive reasoning In deductive reasoning, true premise is necessarily followed by a true conclusion.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Occasionally, deductive reasoning is defined by presenting that reasoning proceeds by deriving from a generalization a conclusion about the individual case.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The word 'deduction' comes from the Latin word deduco, meaning 'to lead out'.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

As its name suggests, deductive reasoning does not give us new information, but derives the assumption contained in the presented premises.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

This means that deductive reasoning is reasoning from known cases to other known cases.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Example: All humans are mortal (premissi 1) Socrates is human (premissi 2) Socrates is mortal (conclusion) Explanation: In the first premise, a generalization is made about the mortality of all humans.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In the second premise, the claim is made that Socrates belongs to the category of people.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

From these grounds, it is inferred that Socrates, being human, is also mortal.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The conclusion does not add to our knowledge, as all the information presented therein is already included in the premises.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In deductive reasoning from true premises, one can never follow an untrue conclusion.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Deductive reasoning and rationalism are often joined together.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Rationalism refers to a knowledge theoretic view that considers reason, not experience-based observation, as the solver of the validity of the source of knowledge.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Inductive reasoning Induction is a form of reasoning that takes off from a single set of observations and forms a generalization or theory of them.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The assumption that the sun will rise tomorrow is an inductive, often unconscious generalization of our past experience.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

All laws of physics are habitually based generalizations of this nature.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In the middle of everyday life, we make inductive generalizations constantly.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Induction is not certain, but probable reasoning, as new observational data can refute an earlier generalization made from observations.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

This means that we can never be absolutely sure whether our earlier inductively derived reasoning is true.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

This is called the problem of induction.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Induction is sometimes characterized as reasoning progressing from known cases to the unknown.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

This means that the generalization that is produced from individual observations claims to increase our knowledge.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Induction yields new information.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The word 'induction' is formed from the Latin words in + duco, which mean 'leads in'.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Example: Observed swans are white (premise 1) All swans are white (conclusion) Explanation: The researcher collects observational material of swans for himself.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

This material is used as a basis for the claim.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The researcher makes a conclusion about the number of swans he has observed and notes that all swans are white.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Thus he has made an inductive generalization.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In the example, the researcher argues that whiteness belongs to the category of swans as a characteristic of all birds.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

This is the conclusion he has come to from the observations he has made.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

However, not all existing swans have been detected by the scientist.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Because of this, his knowledge is not certain, but probable.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

This example is used due to the fact that there are also black swans.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The claim “all swans are white” was refuted when black swans were found in Australia.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The new observation of black swans refutes the researcher's generalization he has formed about the whiteness of all birds in the class of swans.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The example brings up the problem of probability inference.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

According to logical empiricism, all reliable reasoning should be based on induction, that is, generalizations derived from experience-based individual cases.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

According to an inductive understanding of science, it is important to collect the widest possible range of observational data.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In sociology, research that relies on inductive reasoning is called qualitative, that is, qualitative research.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning Hypothetical-deductive reasoning takes off from a theory that explains some phenomenon or set of phenomena.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

There is no need to pre-justify a hypothetical theory with empirical observational data.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Prophecies are derived from the hypothesis, the validity of which is tested by observation.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The aim is to test the hypothesis in as many different ways as possible.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

If the predictions derived from the theory hold true, the theory gains confirmation.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The accuracy of the prophecies does not necessarily yet guarantee the truth of the theory.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Accurate predictions support that is, conforming theory.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

If the assumptions turn out to be incorrect, the theory should be corrected for the better.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Hypotheses can be presented with pre-requirements that they must satisfy that the theory can be considered valid.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The basic requirement is the ability to explain the phenomenon under consideration.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In hypothetical-deductive reasoning, imaginative, bold guesses are the main instrument of research work.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Karl Popper has developed a hypothetical-deductive concept of science that true scientific research work is not about making statistical generalizations and empirical lists, but disproving scientific theories, i.e. falsification.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In sociology, a research method that relies on hypothetical-deductive reasoning is called quantitative, that is, quantitative research.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Abductive reasoning Abductive reasoning is called reasoning that seeks “the best available explanation”.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Abduction attempts to explain the premise or available evidence by means of a guess.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Abduction is reasoning that seeks to infer causes from consequences.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Abduktion takes off from individual facts, without being united by a common theory.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Abductive reasoning is not deductively valid, since it is also possible to come to a different conclusion from the available evidence.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

It is not possible to judge whether the second conclusion is more valid on the basis of available evidence in the case of abductive reasoning.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

This is what it means that in abductive reasoning, the conclusion does not follow from the premise by logical necessity.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Abduction can be a useful method of reasoning when creating a theory on a completely unknown subject line.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In this case, “civilized guesses” can be a good starting point for theory formation.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The word abduktion comes from the Latin word abducere, which means 'to take away'.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

The word is derived from C.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

From S. Peirce, a representative of Pragmatic Philosophy of Science.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Analogy Inference The word “analogy” is formed from the Greek word analogos, meaning similarity, equivalence and comparability.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Analogy-reasoning moves from the fact that the phenomena being studied are similar in respects relevant to the subject under consideration.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

From these relationships, it is inferred that phenomena also have similar characteristics in other relationships, even if they have not yet been observed.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Analogy reasoning assumes that if the phenomena under consideration are similar in terms of known properties, they must also be similar in terms of unknown properties.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

In legal reasoning, analogy-reasoning is used when a judge extends the norm to include a new case as well, despite the fact that it does not yet fall within the scope of the legal text.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

A flawed analogy means, as an argumentation error, equating things that are not commonality.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aristoteles| title = Topic| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2002| version = (Initial works: Topica.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Sophistici elenchi.)


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Works, part 2.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Classica series.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Translations and explanations Marke Ahonen, Marja-Liisa Kakkuri-Knuuttila, Juha Sihvola| id = ISBN 951-662-804-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lammenranta, Markus| title = Theory of Information | location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1993| = ISBN 951-662-572-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Määttänen, Pentti| title = Philosophy: introduction to basic questions| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-662-633-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peirce, Charles S.| title = Introduction to Science logic and other writing| others = Translated by Markus Lång| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoino| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-768-080-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Priest, Graham| title = Logic| others = Translated by Risto Koskensilta| location = Tampere | publisher = so & so| year = 2017| version=( A Very Short Introduction to Logic, 2000/2017.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

) | id = ISBN 978-952-7189-21-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Schonpenhauer, Arthur| title = Skill to be right: Isolistic dialectic| location = Tampere| publisher = European Philosophy| year = 2005| version = (Initial work: Eristische Dialektik, 1864.)


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

Finnish translation and afterwords: J. S. Tuusvuori.


Question: Can there be an argument about the truth?

Reasoning

23°45| id = ISBN 952-5503-16-X}} Category:Logic Category:Theory of Information Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding is “the connection of parts with each other by using heat and/or compression so that the parts form a continuous connection.” [1] Electric current, friction heat, flame, laser beam or electron beam may be used as a heat source.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In welding, an additive with a melting temperature approximately the same as the base material may be used.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The main difference between welding and soldering is that when soldering, only the soldering, that is, the connecting material melts, but the pieces to be joined do not.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding is used in the manufacture of new products and repairs of various types of damage.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding can also be used to coat pieces with thick layers of matter.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Typical repair welding applications include welding various rips and cracks and repairing casting defects.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Common applications in the manufacture of new products include the joints and fabrication of various plates, pipes, beams.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Various alloys such as aluminum, steels, as well as thermoplastic plastics can be welded.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The weldability of materials such as steels [2] varies due to various reasons.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Some materials such as titanium oxidize very easily and require particularly good protection against oxygen contained in the air.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Other materials such as cast iron again result in hard-to-control internal changes.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Strong thermal expansion of the material complicates welding by most methods.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding generates changes in the material structure of the piece in the vicinity of the weld, for example stress states and deformations.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The welds themselves may be left with harmful defects, such as imperfections in penetration or form, or various pores and inclusions created by impurities.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

History of welding Already in the tombs of the ancient Egyptians, artifacts and vessels have been found, parts of which are connected to each other by silver casing.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

These solders are the first known metal interconnections.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Also welding is the old method of joining.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Among other things, swords have been found with a harder blade part connected by supercharger welding to a softer body section.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In the 19th century, other types of splicing were developed; Russian Nikolai Bernados developed what is known as carbon arc welding in 1882, in which an arc created between two electrodes was used to make the metal melt for union.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The method was used to join pieces along with riveting.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

[3] In the 20th century, methods have been developed that have led to the development of modern welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Flow welding In melt welding methods, the additive and basic matter melt and join each other as a melt and solidify as they cool to their final form.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The heat required to generate a weld melt is produced by an arc, gas flame or chemical reaction.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In melting processes, welding is almost always welded using an additive that fills the welding gap together with the base material melted from the edges of the slit.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Arc welding Arc welding methods include MIG/MAG, TIG, knitting, plasma, powder arc and gas arc mold welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Depending on the method, the advantages of arc welding include the affordability, availability and portability of the equipment.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

With arc welding, all major metals can be welded.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

With arc welding, relatively small heat dissipation and narrow weld are achieved.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Beam Welding Beam Welding Radius welding refers to welding by heat generated by a high-energy beam.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In welding, electron beams or laser beams are used.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The advantages of these welding methods are low heat dissipation and thus low welding stresses and deformations.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

On the other hand, a narrow weld requires precise slit preparation and beam alignment, and in addition, the equipment required for beam welding is expensive.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In addition to conventional melt-only welding, welding can be done as diagonal welding, thanks to the high energy density achieved by beam.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

With the help of piercing welding, large material strengths can be welded while the gap remains narrow.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In particular, electron beam welding allows for a large intrusion.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Beam welding is practically always done by computer-controlled equipment and around the welding space there are shields to prevent rays from entering the working environment.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Gas welding In gas welding, the heat required to melt the substance being welded is provided by a gas flame.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Another function of a gas flame is to protect the weld from the oxidizing effect of air.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Most often, acetylene is used as a combustible gas, with which oxygen is mixed in the welding torch to enhance combustion.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Gas flames become hotter when combustion is intensified by pure oxygen.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Gas welding requires gas cylinders, pressure regulators, backlash and rear fire guards, hoses, welding whistle and additive wire, as well as appropriate protective equipment.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Termite welding Termite welding is still used today when connecting track rails.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Termite welding belongs to cast welding methods, in which the parts to be joined are cast adhering to each other.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The method involves mixing iron oxide (hematite) and aluminum powder with each other and igniting the mixture.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The reaction lasts 15—25 seconds, after which the result is molten steel protected by molten aluminium slag.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The reaction occurs in a welding gap, the flanks of which melt into the weld.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

To ensure a uniform connection between the molten and the base material (here the ends of the rails), preheat the base material near the weld approx.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

To 1000°C.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Compression welding Resistance welding In resistance welding, an electric current is passed through a point to be connected by two electrodes.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The pieces to be joined heat up and are strongly pressed against each other from the joint site.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Joining occurs with the connecting points in a voluptuous state.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Resistance welding is most often used when welding thin sheets.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Resistance welding makes it quick and easy to connect, for example, sheet metal parts of car body or electrical equipment bodies together.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Resistance welding methods include point, hand, wafer, stamp and butt welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Super-welding Super-welding is also known as wicker welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

It is the oldest known welding method.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In supercharge welding, metal pieces are heated in perfume and forged together.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

However, the welding temperature is significantly higher than the usual forging temperature, typically between 50 and 90 percent of the melting temperature of the pieces.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Friction welding Friction welding is traditionally used to connect shafts and rods.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The necessary heat is provided by pressing the connecting surfaces opposite each other and rotating them relative to each other.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Connecting surfaces heated to soft weld together when strongly pressed against each other.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Friction welding is solid-state welding, that is, the materials to be joined do not melt during welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In 1994, a new friction welding process, friction welding with a rotary tool or friction pin welding, was patented.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

[4] Other names are FS welding or FSW welding,).


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In this welding, a rotating tool with a profiled tip section rotates and slowly penetrates into the gap between two pieces to be joined.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The pieces to be joined must be firmly against each other, since the place of the gap should not change during welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The welding heat is generated by the friction heat between the wear-resistant tool and the welded pieces, as well as from the deformation heat generated especially in the strong plastic shaping of welded pieces.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Tracks soften, but do not melt.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Joining occurs under the influence of solid state diffusion in the material between the tool and the resistor, under pressure and temperature (Fig.)


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The joint cools behind the tool and forms a weld.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The advantages include: neither additive nor protective gas, easy slit manufacturing, versatile joint implementation possibilities, non-existent flabby (welding deformation), excellent joint characteristics, high dimensional accuracy, working environmental friendliness, repeatability and suitability for serial production.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Friction welding is especially suitable for welding soft materials such as aluminum and copper.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The most it is applied to aluminum welding, for example, the connection of extrusions to each other in the manufacture of larger panels.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Other welded aluminum products include casings, rims, tanks and frames.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

A typical material thickness to be welded on one piece is about 2 to 20 millimeters.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Thicker plates can be welded with two pods, a pod on each side.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The thinnest material thicknesses welded by the method have been 0.3 mm and the thickest material thicknesses welded with one piece have been 50 mm.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Explosive welding Explosive welding involves connecting plates to each other by the pressure generated by the explosion.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Different pair joints, such as steel-aluminium, can also be used to manufacture explosive welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Other Separate Welding Processes Ultrasonic Welding Ultrasonic welding utilizes longitudinal waves vibrating in the ultrasonic range to transfer energy to the weld.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Ultrasound is produced using a PZT vibrator based on the piezoelectric phenomenon, into which high-frequency electricity is pied from the inverter.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The resulting mechanical vibration causes rapid heating of welding surfaces.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Due to it and the compressive force applied to the pieces, the material of the connecting surfaces of the pieces melts and a uniform weld is achieved, which often has the same strength as the base material.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Ultrasonic welding can be used for welding plastics, ceramics and metals.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The method is also suitable for joining metals of different melting temperatures.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Typical applications are electrical and electronics industry components.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Ultrasonic welding of plastics is best suited for thermoplastic plastic grades.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The most typical users of ultrasonic welding are the electronics, automotive and packaging industries, as well as plaything manufacturers.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Plastic Welding The most typical plastics to be welded are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP).


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

When welding plastic, the pieces (and any filler) are first heated to a specific welding heat specific to the type of plastic.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding occurs as the material cools under welding pressure.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Butt Welding In butt welding, two pieces of plastic (typically a tube) are welded together by first heating the purified pipe ends against a hot plate and immediately pressing them together.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The welding pressure is usually maintained hydraulically.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

For example, butt welding is used to connect long plumbing pipes from parts at the site.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Pipes to be butt welded can be quite thick (e.g. 800 mm), resulting in correspondingly long pressures and compression times used for welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Hot Air Welding In hot air welding, plastic pieces are fastened together by heating them with hot air and feeding a filler wire to the heated site.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Hot air welding is used, for example, in the repair and fittings of the outer shells of district heating pipes (typically polyethylene).


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Extruder Welding In extruder welding, plastic pieces are fastened together as in hot air welding, but instead of welding wire, the filler is the filler mass formed by the extruder device.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Extruders make the filler mass usually from welding wire, sometimes also plastic granulate.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The extruder provides a thicker welding seam than hot-air welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Hybrid Welding Hybrid welding is understood as combining two or more welding processes in the same process.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Mig Laser Hybrid Welding This combines deep penetration and effective additive yield.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

MIG laser hybrid welding has been studied at VTT for several years and is used for example in shipyard plate lines and in the automotive industry.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

It is suitable for machine welding of medium thickness materials.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

TIG plasma hybrid welding In pipe manufacturing, TIG plasma burners are commonly used.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Like a laser, plasma provides good penetration and the TIG head is preheated or post-leveled plasma weld.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Tandem welding This resembles hybrid welding, but here there are more burners of the same welding process connected sequentially.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Tandem MIG/MAG welding and powder arc tandem are typical examples.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In pipe manufacturing, TIG tricathode burners are used, i.e. it is connected, for example, three TIG burners in a row.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding Automation CNC Welding and Welding Robot CNC (, Computerized Numerical Control) -controlled welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

There are two species of robots: articulated arm and portal type.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The articulated arm robot often resembles a human arm and has an actual welding instrument attached to its end.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

With welding robots, MIG/MAG, point or laser welding is often performed.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding robots are used, among other things, in automotive body point and laser welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Today, the development of welding automation is the most important factor in improving productivity.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The most important for automation are the reproducibility and uniform quality of welding.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Against the background of the factors, there are many parameters that must be adapted to the respective welding event.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In welding, it is also possible to use a robot as an assistant.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In this case, the robot handles the workpiece to be welded, bringing the welding slit within reach of the welder and after welding stacks the part-finished piece for further transmission.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Such flexible cooperation is also possible when seeking efficiency improvements.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Occupational Safety The welder has a number of health risks.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

When welding, hot bodies are treated, which can cause even severe burns.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

They can be avoided by observing care, as well as wearing leather gloves and other protective clothing.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Sparks often fly at the welding site, from which it is necessary to protect yourself both for convenience and safety.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

At worst, a spark that has reached the ear or eye can cause loss of vision or hearing.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The arc generates bright light and emits UV radiation.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

For these reasons, the welder's equipment includes a mask with shaded glass and clothing that protects the skin from UV radiation.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Clothing must be of low-flammable, non-melting material, which excludes most man-made fibres.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Clothing should also be protected from UV radiation.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Various very heat-conducting jewellery or watches can cause burns when fever comes into contact with welding splashes or weld seam.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

When welding, the most diverse gases are generated.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The gases may come from the material being welded, from welding additives, or from impurities in the pieces to be welded.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Inhalation of gases can cause various respiratory symptoms or metal fever, among other things.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Therefore, when welding, it is worth taking care of good ventilation.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Often, a powerful vacuum cleaner is arranged near the welding site.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Sometimes it is worth using even a fresh air mask, an overpressure face mask, into which clean air is introduced.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Electricity is often used in welding, which poses an occupational safety risk.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

High currents also cause strong magnetic fields, which has been suspected to be the reason that welders and others exposed to magnetic fields in their work have a higher risk of developing ALS [5].


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Faulty welding equipment is also a hazard factor.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

There have been several fatalities in Finland where a dangerous voltage between the electrodes has been established in welding instruments used in damaged or incorrect conditions.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In particular, ESAB's Bantam - also known as the so-called bat transformer (Bantam - Batman) is infamed for damage so that the mains voltage can enter the welding electrode.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Also, leaking gas or failure of a gas cylinder can cause a serious accident.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding jobs are gunwork for which a fire work permit is required if not carried out at an appropriate fire workplace.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The welding positions are: foot position, horizontal position, law position, upright upward position, upright position down, lower small position, upper small position.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

When welding pipes, the various positions are: rotating horizontal tube (foot position), fixed vertical tube (horizontal position), fixed horizontal tube (upright position), fixed horizontal tube (upright position), inclined tube (upright upward), rotating horizontal tube (lower wether position), rotating horizontal tube (lower small position) lower pitch position), fixed vertical tube (lower small position), fixed vertical tube (upright position), fixed horizontal tube (upright position), fixed horizontal tube (upright position).


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The most common welding position is the foot position, where the welder is above the seam to be joined and looks down.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The foot position is the fastest and safest welding position.


Question: Where was TIG welding invented?

Welding

[6] See also Welder Soldering Kemppi, welding equipment manufacturer Sources On topic elsewhere Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Antero Kyröläinen and Juha Lukkari| title = Stainless steels and their welding| location = Helsinki| publisher = MET| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-817-794-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lepola, Pertti; Makkonen, Matti| title = Welding Techniques and Steel Structures| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| id = ISBN 978-951-27150-8-2}} * Category:Metal industry Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace is an international independent environmental organization [1] [2].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organization has offices in over 40 countries and a general office coordinating international work in Amsterdam, Netherlands.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[3] Greenpeace focuses on global environmental issues such as climate change, deforestation and environmental toxins, declaring its goal to “ensure the Earth's ability to sustain life in all its diversity.”


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[4] Greenpeace's policies include research [5], lobbying [6] [7], discussion with companies [8], opinion influence, and activism [9].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace had its origins in the early 1970s in protest against nuclear tests conducted by the United States in Alaska, after which the organisation moved to oppose worldwide nuclear testing and whaling.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In the following decades, Greenpeace also turned its attention to other global environmental issues and grew into one of the world's largest environmental organizations [10].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace has general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[11] The organization does not accept funding from states, corporations or political parties, receiving its funding from 2.8 million individuals and charitable foundations.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[12] [13] Greenpeace is known for its direct activities [14] [15] and the organization has been described as the most visible environmental organization in the world.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[16] [17] Greenpeace has, through its campaigns, brought environmental issues into the public consciousness, [18] [19] [20] influenced both private and public sector activities in the field of environmental protection [21] [22] [23] and has twice been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[24] [25] Greenpeace has also been the subject of controversy; [26] the organisation's policies and motives have received criticism [27] [28] [29] [30], among others, the scientific journal Nature has accused the organisation of disregard for facts.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[31] Greenpeace's activities have followed prosecutions for activists of the organisation [32] [33], for example suspended prison sentences for the destruction of an Australian Research Institute test plantation.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[34] [35] [36] History Amchitka nuclear test in the 1960s The United States planned underground nuclear tests on the geologically unstable Amchitka Island in Alaska.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Because in 1964 Alaska had one of the strongest earthquakes ever measured, concerns about triggering earthquake and tsunamis were raised by US nuclear test plans.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

At the US-Canada border, protesters protested against nuclear testing with signs that read “Don't Make A Wave.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

It's Your Fault If Our Fault Goes” (engl.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

fault 'cause'; 'transfer (line) ').


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

1969 However, the United States conducted a nuclear test and despite fears no earthquakes occurred.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Soon, the United States announced its intentions to conduct an underground nuclear test five times larger than before in 1971.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[37] Jim Bohle, a peace activist who served in the United States Navy at the time of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and Irving Stowe, a US Quaker and likewise peace activist, were frustrated by the inaction of the environmental organization Sierra Club over US nuclear testing.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

From Irving Stowe, Bohlen learned about a peaceful way of protesting solely by being present when grievances occurred.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

From a 1958 protest by the Quakers who opposed the nuclear tests on Bikini Atoll, Jim Bohlen's wife Marie had the idea to navigate to the Amchitka nuclear test site.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

After the plan reached the public domain, it was attached to the Sierra Club, of which both Jim Bohlen and Irving Stowe were members.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The Sierra Club did not like such a connection, so in 1970 Jim Bohlen and Irwing Stowe along with law student Paul Cote founded the Don't Make A Wave Committee, borrowing the name from earlier demonstrations [37].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The Don't Make A Wave committee chartered itself a ship, Phyllis Cormack, who was given the name of the term Greenpeace coined by activist Bill Darnell for the duration of the protest.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In the fall of 1971, the ship set off toward Amchitka, but the U.S. Coast Guard vessel Confidence prevented Greenpeace from entering the nuclear test site.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

However, without their captain's knowledge, the Confidence crew had time to convey the message to the activists “Due to the situation we are in, we Confidence crew perceive your tome to be for the good of all mankind.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

If our hands were not tied by military action, we would be in the same position with you if that were at all possible.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Good luck.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

We support you 100%”.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

However, due to the turnaround and bad weather, the crew decided to return to Canada, learning that news of their protest and a message from the Coast Guard crew had drawn widespread sympathy for the Greenpeace protest.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organization then attempted on other ships to navigate the nuclear test site until, in November 1971, the United States carried out its nuclear tests.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The realization of the nuclear test drew widespread criticism of the United States, and ultimately the United States decided not to pursue nuclear tests at Amchitka.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In 1972, the Don't Make A Wave committee changed its official name to the Greenpeace Foundation [37].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Although Greenpeace does not have a clear founding date, the organisation considers its activities to have begun with the first protest in 1971 [38].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Expanding operations after the completion of the Amchitka nuclear tests, Greenpeace shifted its focus to the French nuclear testing at Mururoa Atoll in French Polynesia.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

However, the newly formed organisation needed help to reach the atoll, and David McTaggart, a former private entrepreneur living in New Zealand who did not approve of French nuclear testing, signed up to help.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

McTaggart repeatedly piloted Greenpeace to the vicinity of Mururoa Atoll into international waters.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The French Navy sought to prevent protests by, among other things, assaulting McTaggart.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

After the assault became public in 1974, France announced that it would cease nuclear testing in the atmosphere [37].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In the mid-1970s, Greenpeace began a campaign against commercial whaling, first starting as a stand-alone campaign called Project Ahab, as some of Greenpeace's leadership did not want to expand activities beyond opposing nuclear weapons.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Following the 1975 death of Irwin Stowe, who was of this opinion, Phyllis Cormack left Vancouver to confront Soviet whalers off the coast of California.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Protesters took off in rubber boats between the whales and the harpoonmen, and the imagery spread across the world's media.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In the 1970s, the organisation also began to intervene in the commercial catching of seals and environmental toxins [37].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation's restructuring in the late 1970s around the world had begun to form somewhat autonomous Greenpeace local groups.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In North America, local offices bickered with each other, as many offices did not want to operate under the Greenpeace Foundation and its secretary general Patrick Moore.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

After the events of Mururoa Atoll, McTaggart had moved to Europe to wage a legal battle against the French state and also ended up developing the cooperation of European local offices.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Eventually, in 1979, David McTaggart resolved the standoff, particularly between North American local offices, by establishing Greenpeace International in Holland and reorganising the governance of the organisation [37].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Organisation Administrative Greenpeace consists of Greenpeace International (officially called Stichting Greenpeace Council) in Amsterdam, Holland, together with 27 regional offices located in 41 countries around the world [39].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace International is run by a seven-person board of directors, with Lalita Ramdas, an Indian serving as its chairman.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The Board of Directors of Greenpeace International selects the Executive Director responsible for the day-to-day operations of the organisation.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Currently, operations are led by South African Kumi Naidoo.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Also, each regional Greenpeace office is run by a local board.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Each year, regional governments appoint a trustee from each of their ranks to represent the regional office at the annual General Assembly.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In the General Assembly, Board members of Greenpeace International are elected by trustees for three years at a time or, if necessary, dismiss board members.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The board of Greenpeace International therefore operates under the supervision of the trustees of the Annual General Assembly.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Individual Greenpeace regional offices again operate under the supervision of Greenpeace International's government [39].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The boards of regional offices are voted on by members of the territorial offices.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The criteria for electing a voting member vary between regional offices [39].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Finnish Greenpeace is part of Greenpeace Norden, which covers Sweden, Norway and Denmark in addition to Finland.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace Norden has 20 voting members who choose who will qualify as voting members.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[40] Funding Greenpeace receives its funding from private donors and foundations.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation does not accept funding from governments, political parties or companies in order to remain independent of the state and industry [41].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Following a decline in the number of traditional supporters of the organisation in the 1990s, Greenpeace developed its use of feissaus to reach larger groups of people as supporters [42] [43].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In 2005, the organisation received donations totalling €169.6 million.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Most of this money came in monthly donations from around 2.7 million individuals [44], mainly from Europe, where the organisation has been more successful than its beginnings in North America.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Views on Organisation Structure Greenpeace says the organisation is not a grassroots popular movement, but an independent international organisation for which it is important to be able to make decisions quickly, and whose centralised governance enables environmental protection activities comparable to corporate efficiency.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

According to the organization, both monetarily and in thought, the number of people supporting Greenpeace gives Greenpeace and its environmental perspectives weight when negotiating environmental issues.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[45] [46] According to David McTaggart, who designed Greenpeace's international governance structure in 1979, forgetting centralised decision-making was a problem for many other groups seeking to become international.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Simplified and centralised decision-making, he said, was necessary to ensure the effectiveness of international organisation: “I know, we don't like the words 'centralised decision-making', but the multinationals and governments whose policies we are trying to influence are afraid of those words in the context of popular movements and opponents”.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[47] According to Juhana Rossi, editor of Helsingin Sanomat, Greenpeace is not an open NGO like the Red Cross, for example, and Greenpeace does not have the moral strength of a democratic NGO, as monthly donors cannot influence the organisation's decision-making.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[40] Some MEPs such as e.g.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Ville Itelä, Piia-Noora Kauppi and Reino Paasilinna have been of the opinion that Greenpeace's operations are a commercial activity that is run like a business.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[48] According to Friends of the Earth campaigner Mae Ocampo, Greenpeace's governance makes Greenpeace adept at raising issues: “at any moment they can decide to take action.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

They are not as constrained by decision-making processes as they restrict us.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

“[49] Environmental scientist Vanessa Timmer has argued in her thesis that Greenpeace's organizational structure enables Greenpeace to survive and operate under constantly changing conditions.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[50] Campaigns Greenpeace focuses on global environmental issues and breaks down its activities into campaigns.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Each regional office runs campaigns in its own area.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Since 1990, climate protection Greenpeace has called for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through energy efficiency, renewable forms of energy and land use changes such as curbing deforestation [51].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In the 1990s, the organisation also began providing climate policy advice and background information to smaller states threatened by climate change [52].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

During the 1990s, Greenpeace also actively campaigned to protect the ozone layer by developing, together with industry, a freon-free refrigerator for mass production [53].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In 1997, the UN Environment Programme UNEP awarded Greenpeace the Environmental Award for achievements in protecting the ozone layer [54].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In the 21st century, Greenpeace has criticized ExxonMobil for complicating climate policy.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In 2005, Greenpeace revealed that ExxonMobil was complicit in the George W. Bush administration's negative attitude towards the Kyoto Treaty [55] [56].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation has also published funding items for ExxonMobil which, according to Greenpeace, show ExxonMobil funding climate change advocacy groups [57].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

However, according to ExxonMobil, these groups do not represent ExxonMobil's views and the majority of funded groups have not taken a position on climate change [58].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In 2007, Greenpeace, together with EREC, published the Energy [R] evolution energy scenario based on energy efficiency and renewable energy, which, according to Greenpeace, would enable global greenhouse gas emissions to halve by 2050 and would stop global warming.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In international climate policy, Greenpeace has called for binding emissions reductions worldwide and 40% reductions for industrialized countries from 1990 levels by 2020.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation said developed countries should also provide substantial support to emerging countries to enable developing countries to raise their living standards in a climate sustainable way, halt deforestation and adapt to the effects of climate change.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace has also produced, along with other organisations, a proposal for the Copenhagen Climate Agreement.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The proposal was presented at the UN climate talks in Bonn in August 2009 [59].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Forest conservation Greenpeace aims to protect the world's remaining natural state forests.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation says the biggest causes of deforestation include cattle farming, illegal logging, rising paper consumption and clearing of soybean and oil palm plantations.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Rainforests in particular are targets of Greenpeace activity, as cutting down rainforests exacerbates climate change.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation has therefore criticised numerous large companies for their links to rainforest deforestation [60] [61] [62].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

As a result of the criticism, many companies such as Unilever, McDonald's and Nike, with the help of Greenpeace, have sought to improve rainforest protection and how they operate [22] [63] [64].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

However, Cargill, one of the world's largest feed producers, criticised Greenpeace's claims as incorrect [64], albeit welcoming the conservation efforts created as a result of Greenpeace's campaigning [63].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In Europe, Greenpeace has criticized the EU's FLEGT programme, which restricts trade in illegal timber, for making modest progress.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation believes that voluntary agreements between the EU and producer countries do not prevent sufficient importation of illegal timber into the EU, although voluntary agreements are a good start [65].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace has called for legislation in EU policy to prevent imports into the EU of timber obtained illegally or in breach of international agreements [66] [67].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

According to Greenpeace, the Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) mechanism, which reduces emissions through forest protection, should form part of the climate agreement following the Kyoto agreement [68].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

However, the organization criticized the inclusion of the REDD mechanism in emissions trading, fearing that this would collapse the price of emissions and make it more profitable for industrialized countries not to invest in a clean and efficient energy economy, leaving emissions from developed countries not falling.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace calls for a fund detached from emissions trading to protect forests, through which developed countries would support efforts by developing countries to protect rainforests [69].


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Negative nuclear position Greenpeace considers nuclear risks and environmental issues to be too problematic in relation to the benefits of nuclear power.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace says the U.N. estimate of the death toll from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster as 9000 cancer deaths is an underestimate.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation itself estimated the death toll from the accident to be 200,000 over a long period of time.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

According to Greenpeace, fewer than half of those deaths are caused by cancer, and other causes of death include cardiovascular disease, problems with respiratory functions, internal organs and endocrine gland system, and especially the immune system.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[70] According to Greenpeace, the cooperation agreement between the WHO and the IAEA, which promotes peaceful use of nuclear power, has influenced WHO assessments of the Chernobyl casualty rate.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[70] [71] According to WHO, the UN and Greenpeace reports should not be compared, since the UN report only takes into account the most polluted areas from three different countries where Greenpeace takes into account the whole of Europe.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The WHO also denied the Greenpeace report's accusations of the WHO's pro-nuclear nature.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[72] Greenpeace considers uranium mining and accumulation of nuclear waste to be permanent problems for nuclear energy: the organisation has revealed dangerously high levels of radiation in areas surrounding uranium mining [73] and, according to the Australian Senate, has witnessed plutonium held by the civilian population less than a third is under IAEA control.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[74] Greenpeace justifies nuclear power as irrelevant to climate change mitigation due to the marginal energy production component of nuclear power, hidden costs and slow and delayed construction times.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organization points to the IEA's energy scenario, in which quadrupling the world's nuclear capacity by 2050 would cut carbon emissions by 4%.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Nuclear price estimates are based on builders' advance estimates, not realized costs, according to Greenpeace.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The organisation considers Olkiluoto 3, which is being built in Finland, as an example of problems with additional construction of nuclear power.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace said emissions reductions would be achieved more quickly through decentralized forms of renewable energy generation rather than nuclear power.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[75] Opposition to nuclear weapons Greenpeace has since its birth opposed the nuclear arms race and nuclear testing.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In 1973, McTaggart piloted his Vega into a forbidden area around Mururoa, resulting in the French Navy sledgehammering him with its ships.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

He repeated his sentiment the following year and this time the French boarded Vega and assaulted McTaggart.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Later, the French Navy released staged photos of McTaggart eating dinner with naval officers, suggesting the intervals had been friendly.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

However, crew member Anne-Marie Horne had taken pictures of the abuse and as these images reached public the events cast themselves in a different light.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

France agreed to suspend nuclear tests in the atmosphere, but moved them underground.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Greenpeace continued to campaign against the Pacific trials until France stopped the trials in 1995.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Ships Greenpeace has had a number of ships sailing in the open seas over the years.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The most famous of them is probably a former fishing vessel called the Rainbow Warrior, a rainbow fighter, laid into the waters under the flag of Greenpeace in 1978.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The ship was first used to disrupt whaling in Icelandic waters, and later played a prominent part in several Greenpeace campaigns of 1978—1985.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The French government ordered the Rainbow Warrior to be scuttled with bombs in 1985 in Auckland.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Photographer Fernando Pereira was killed in the attack.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The ship was replaced in 1989 by the Rainbow Warrior II, which was in turn replaced in 2011 by a purpose-built Rainbow Warrior III for the needs of the organisation.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

In addition to Rainbow Warrior III, the organisation currently operates two other ocean-capable vessels, Esperanza and Arctic Sunrise.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Esperanza visited Finland in June 2005, Arctic Sunrise in October—November 2006, March—April 2007 and February—March 2015.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Criticism Previously at the head of Greenpeace, Patrick Moore left the organisation in 1986, as according to Moore, Greenpeace decided to start opposing chlorination of drinking water and his colleagues had no scientific training at all.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Moore has criticized Greenpeace for rejecting scientific objectivity.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[76] Bruce Cox, Executive Director of Greenpeace Canada has responded that Greenpeace has never opposed chlorination of drinking water, and that “Moore is alone in remembering the controversy over chlorination and scientificity as the reason for his departure from Greenpeace”.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[77] Paul Watson, an early member of Greenpeace has said that Moore “uses his status as the founder of Greenpeace, so to speak, to lend credibility to his accusations.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

I'm also co-founders of Greenpeace, and have known Patrick Moore for 35 years.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[...] He's making dissertations that aren't grounded in facts.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[78] Paul Driessen, author of the book Ecoimperialism, says that due to resistance to DDT from Greenpeace and others, 85% of US malaria aid goes to environmental consultants trying to obtain permits for DDT use.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[79] Greenpeace says it will allow DDT to be used when used against malaria.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[80] According to Roger Bate, Greenpeace's campaign against the last major DDT factory in India would make the fight against malaria harder for poor countries.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[81] Greenpeace's report on technology companies has been assessed in the RDM technology magazine as “misleading and inept,” the most ecological uplift of the most unecological.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

“Worst of all, almost all news sites repeated Greenpeace's reports as facts and presented them uncritically.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[82] The journalist who used the pseudonym “Olivier Vermont” wrote in his book La Face cachée de Greenpeace that he worked as a secretary for French Greenpeace and that he witnessed abuse.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

According to him, while later working at the International Headquarters in Amsterdam, he discovered secret documents [83], according to which half of the organisation's €180 million revenue was spent on the salaries and structures of the organisation.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

According to Vermont, Greenpeace has informal agreements with polluting companies for companies to pay Greenpeace so that this does not attack these.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[84] Greenpeace sued the editor and publisher, accusing them of making defamatory claims, spreading lies and misrepresented information.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[85] Genetic modification and vandalism Greenpeace and the Earth Liberation Organization have vandalized GMO research and test plantations around the world.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[34] [86] In 2011, Greenpeace paid compensation when its members broke into the premises of an Australian scientific organisation and destroyed a low-glycogenic wheat plantation that was supposed to help people suffering from diabetes.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[34] The judge, Hilary Penfold, accused Greenpeace of using its fresh members to avoid absolute prison sentences.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[35] [36] In the summer of 2013, the Golden Rice Test Plantation of the International Rice Research Institute was destroyed in the Philippines.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[87] Golden rice has been proven to provide 60% of a child's need for vitamin A.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[87] Now vitamin A deficiency blinds and kills at least hundreds of thousands of children every year.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[87] A Greenpeace representative defended the vandals.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[87] Another Greenpeace representative said Greenpeace makes no apologies and scientists are wrong to say golden rice is the solution to vitamin A deficiency.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[86] Greenpeace also fears that golden rice would soften people's image of gene modification.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[87] Greenpeace also says that children should eat leafy vegetables and vitamin A pills instead of golden rice.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[88] According to Dr Moore, the cause of malnutrition is precisely that families cannot afford this.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[88] Former director of the Australian Academy of Sciences, researcher Jim Peacock stated that anti-science GM opponents such as Greenpeace can easily make anti-GM statements on a very general level, often in complete deviation from the exact truth, immorally.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[86] Greenpeace founder and ex-chairman, Dr. Patrick Moore accuses Greenpeace of committing crimes against humanity because resistance to genetic modification has resulted in 8 million children going blind and dying.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Moore says Greenpeace is now held by far-left extremists.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[89] China Scandal Investigator-Journalist Jon Former article says Greenpeace spread a rumor in China about the dangerousness of golden rice.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

The net was filled with hate messages and authorities reacted by firing three gold-rice experiment researchers from the Chinese Health Agency and the Zhejiang Academy of Medicine.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

Golden Rice is an “open source” project launched by German and Swiss researchers, with which Helen Keller International has also joined.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[90] Brent Spar case The respected science journal Nature accused Greenpeace of disregard for the facts after the organisation had attacked Shell's Brent Spar oil slick scuttling claiming there was a huge amount of real more oil in it.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[31] Greenpeace warned of a terrible disaster.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[91] The organisation's reputation suffered badly when the claim was shown to be incorrect, but Shell's image had already had time to go.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[91] Three years of studies in collaboration with environmental organizations had identified dipping the rig deep in the ocean as the “best practical environmental solution” (BPEO) because the environmental harm would be negligible.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[92] The British government and the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR) found the settlement acceptable.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[92] Due to a sizeable protest campaign launched by Greenpeace on April 30, 1995, and the boycotts it inspired and threats and violence from Shell employees, Shell announced on June 20 that it would cancel the immersion, stating that it had failed to communicate its plans to the general public.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[92] The British Energy Secretary denounced Shell's decision as a fatal mistake and threatened to prevent the ferry from being brought into the country.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[93] Both the government and Shell say scuttling would be a much safer solution than bringing the ferry ashore.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[93] Norway, on the other hand, accepted bringing the ferry into the country — it would bring in large rental income.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[93] Endangered corals grew at the feet of the oil slick, leading experts to call for such lower parts to be submerged in the sea in the future.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[92] [94] [95] Greenpeace opposed this too.


Question: Who has founded the Greenpeace organization?

Greenpeace

[96] Defacing the Nazca World Heritage Site In December 2014, Greenpeace activists invaded the UNESCO Nazca World Heritage Site and defaced the area of the Nazca Lines of immeasurable value.