Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] World Heritage status brings a lot of visibility and development opportunities to Gammelstad agglomeration, but it also requires well-organised governance.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[6] Over one hundred thousand tourists visit the church village every year.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] There is a restaurant, café and accommodation facilities in the area.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[8] On the edge of the church village is also located the open-air museum of Hägnan, where buildings from all over Norrbotten have been placed.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[1] Overview The World Heritage Site of Gammelstad Church Village of Luleå [1] consists of the Alaluoja Church, its surrounding church village, old quarters, historic public buildings and part of the permanent residential buildings built later.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The church-village tradition, which involves staying overnight at church visits, is an integral part of the site's World Heritage status.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[8] According to UNESCO, the site combines urban and rural village life in a special way and the church village tradition has been successfully maintained as vibrant and authentic in relation to other surviving church villages.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] The church village has 424 denominations, divided into 555 separate rooms.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] [4] [9] Between the church sheds are narrow alleys giving the village a peculiar and vivid form.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] Churches are intended for temporary accommodation and are not permanently inhabited.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] Traditionally, peasants stayed in the church village while attending services, markets, districts and collecting taxes.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[10] In connection with ecclesiastical festive times, several days were celebrated in the church village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

At other times, the shutters in the church supports were closed and the village streets and markets were almost deserted.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The contrast between the two natures of church village life and variations in time periods was immense — the prevailing desolation and quiet life were cut off by brief and intense bursts of urban life.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[3] The tradition of using church sheaths has been preserved in Gammelstad for 400 years, which is unique among the Swedish church villages.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Tradition has also greatly influenced the village's entire lifestyle and building style.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] All churches are built of wood.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] Nearly all tubes are single storey, with only a handful of double-deckers.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] The tubes are painted red, the door and window frames white.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The appearance of doors and shutters in church shelters may vary.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Most doors have a pyramidal motif, depicting an altar and a sacrificial fire burning on it.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The original roofs of the church supports were constructed of wood.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

As sheet metal roofing has become widespread, the majority of roofing structures are made of sheet metal today, which has also been accepted among traditional roofing materials.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] Although they look almost identical outwardly, their room order and layout vary.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Usually in the tuvi there is at least a spacious kitchen, which also has sleeping places (), as well as a kind of porch.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Some tubes are built together, sharing a single outer wall.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] Church and other significant buildings, Alalulija Church, inaugurated in 1492, is the largest of its type in northern Scandinavia.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The church was decorated by Stockholm artists.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Commissioned in 1852, the belfry is built slightly apart from the church, which is exceptional in the Norrbotten area.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] [8] Other notable buildings in the area include Gästgarden, Borgmästargården and Kaptensgården, which served as a doctor's office, school and inn in the 17th century bourgeoisie district east of the church.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Today these houses are privately owned.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] [8] [11] Margaretas Wärdshus was built in the early 19th century.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

It was originally the main building of a large trading farm, and today it is a restaurant.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Immediately south of the church lies the keeper's magazine (Sockenmagasinet), built in 1790, where, among other things, priestly wages paid by peasants were stored.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

It was also used to store seed grain for poor harvest years.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Built in 1754, the keeper's house (Sockenstugan) has been used as a district hall, maintenance building, municipal branch premises and meeting house, among other things.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Today the house houses a café operated by the parish.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The Separatist House (Separatiststugan) was used in the early 19th century by “separatists” separated from the church, who opposed the new doctrinal books of the church and organised their own spiritual meetings.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[11] Originally a Kestikievary (1806—1908) and then a Baptist church, Betelkapellet now houses a centre for tourist services, a coffee shop and an exhibition space.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] [8] [11] History Traders meeting place between the 12th and 13th centuries The first signs of a settlement on the church hill in Gammelstad are dated to the 12th century, when the area was a small island at the mouth of the Luleå River.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Remains of piers and simple buildings have been found in the area.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

There are more discoveries dated to the 13th century, and the area is thought at that time to have established its strategic position as the junction of three water routes.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The Luleå River connected the coast to the hinterland, and along the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, seafarers came from Stockholm as well as Finland and Russia.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The pope had imposed new fasting regulations around the same time, leading to a significant increase in the demand and export of fish to Central Europe.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The market, created on the basis of the fish trade, was probably already held at the end of the 13th century.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] The organisation of church and society in the 13th—16th centuries, little information has survived about the church buildings at first on the site of the Alalulaja Stone Church.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The church began sending priests to the area after the Peace of Nutäsaari of 1323.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The Swedish state distributed church and nobility to the grandees from the Luleå River Valley into fiefdoms in 1327.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The purpose of the fiefdoms was to colonise the already somewhat populated river valley and its surroundings by establishing an administrative keeper and church in the area, and to begin collecting taxes.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] The Keeper of Luleå, whose main market place and centre was church hill, initially covered almost all of the present county of Norrbotten [10], with an area about the size of the Benelux [7].


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

According to a document entitled Svenaldi's will, the first worship service in Luleå was held in 1339, when there was probably already a simple wooden church on the site.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[8] The rectory next to the church has been in its present place since the 1370s.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The medieval stone church, or the present church of Alalulaja, began to be built around the turn of the 13th—15th centuries and was inaugurated in 1492.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] The Keeper of Luleå was divided into smaller parts in 1470.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] According to the taxation lists of 1543, the keeper had 47 villages and a total of about 400 farms and the area was the most prosperous in Sweden at the time.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] The emergence and development of the church village from the second half of the 16th century to the 18th century The first documented mention of the Keeper of Luleå Church Village and Swedish church villages in general is from Christmas of 1600.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

John Bureus visited the keeper at the time and described the church village on churchhill as follows: “All the peasants have their own church beds next to the church, in a place called “Bärghet”, 2, 3, 4, or 5 in each tuva.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

They come there every Saturday [...] and leave for their home either Sunday night or Monday.” However, Bureus did not mention how old the church-village tradition was when he took his notes.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

According to church history, the need for church support developed no later than the second half of the 16th century, if not earlier.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

It may have been inferred from the notes of the Bureus and the keeper's population that in 1600 the number of church supports was 200—300.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

However, there was no rectory around the church in the centre of the keeper except for permanent settlement even by the end of the 16th century.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The church village was therefore built immediately around the church without developing in itself into any other existing building stock.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] Three factors contributed to the birth of the church village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

There was a market place around the church and trade-makers needed places to stay.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] After its development as a church village, the Keeper Centre of Luleå officially became a town () in 1621.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

That act sought to more tightly centralise and control trade in the region.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[12] Rahvas also needed church stables for their horses in connection with church visits.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

A third reason was the duty of church attendance, which became common in Sweden in the 16th and 17th centuries.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Church attendance was compulsory under 16th and 17th century laws on Sundays and major church saints.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In 1681, in relation to the area of northern Norland, it was specifically stipulated that people from a radius of ten kilometres were to attend church every Sunday, from twenty kilometres every second Sunday, and thirty miles away every third Sunday, and so on.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

On the main church holidays and prayer days, it became for all but those performing tasks necessary for animal husbandry to be present.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The main factor in the emergence of the church village was thus generally the long distances and the need for overnight stays in Norrbotten.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] The denominations were grouped according to their owners' native villages.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The peasants coming from a certain part of the keeper to the church built their churchroom looking from the church in the direction of their native village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Thus, the church village reflected and continues to reflect the keeper's village structure.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The church village's station plan and entry roads spread out in every direction of air.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In connection with trading privileges in 1621, the burghers of Luleå proposed their own formula for the market area.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The burghers plots were placed in an area north-east of the church, the structure of which differs considerably from other parts of the church village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] However, the area developed specifically as a church village rather than a conventional marketplace.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

This was due to land uplift, which rendered the old harbour unusable as early as the early 17th century quite soon after the formalisation of trading privileges.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] [4] The keeper's trading centre and port thus had to be relocated to the present site of Luleå town in 1649.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] Subsequently, the area around the old keeper's church began to be called Luleå gamla stad, or Old Town of Luleå or Gammelstaden.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[15] The lands of the church village were owned by the church, so the owners of the church supports did not own the plots and do not own them today.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The village burghers did not own the plots under their buildings at first, either.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Some time later a few farm owners and burghers received a clamation of law on some land and there are still privately owned areas in the middle of the church lands.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

When the status of the new city of Luleå as a commercial centre became established in the early 18th century, many burghers sold their plots of land from the old town.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] At one time, the waterways leading to the old harbour and marketplace began to become overgrown due to land uplift, and the increasingly narrow and shallow canals were no longer used by peasants travelling to the church.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

However, land uplift promoted farming as new grasslands emerged between the church and the waters distancing from it.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Moving the town and burghers to the new Luleå also freed up space for new church support close to the church.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] Russian military forces operated in the Luleå region in 1716, when the new city of Luleå suffered severe damage.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In the old town, the keeper's population was concentrated in defending the church environment, and the church village was spared worse damage.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In 1721, a Russian naval detachment burned Swedish coastal towns, all the way to Piitime, when the Russians burned the church village of Öjebyn, among other things.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Peace talks began just before the Russians could reach Luleå.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] However, with the consolidation of the status of the new city of Luleå in the 18th century, Gammelstad remained the administrative centre of the keeper and its role remained relatively unchanged for over two hundred years.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] With the growth of the whole population of the keeper, the church village also grew rapidly throughout the 18th century [7] and remained a religious centre, a local marketplace and, in a sense, a social centre of the rural villages of the Luleå River Valley, which nurtured traditions.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The bourgeoisie and the rest of the more reformist urban population, meanwhile, relocated mainly to the new city of Luleå.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] From Russian occupation to development of services in the 19th century Russian military forces occupied Luleå villages for several months in 1809.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Troops were also heavily stationed in the churchyard and housed in church tubs.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

On leaving, the military forces dispersed several church sheds, the wood material of which they used for their ferry bridge built across the Luleå River.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Many contemporaries testified that the Russians left the church village in a very untidy condition.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

However, most of the church supports survived intact.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] In 1817, the first detailed map of the church village was drawn, showing that ¾ of the inhabitants of the old rural villages owned their own churchyard.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Of the inhabitants of the new city of Luleå, only one in four had a church house.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The social segregation of the area was thus also reflected in the holdings of the church village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In 1817, the church village had 484 churchyards, which had been divided among 691 owners.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

There were 359 church stables on the outer sides of the churchtupa area, several of which were shared between several church owners.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

There were about 60 permanent dwelling houses in the area of the church village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] The Keeper of Luleå was divided into smaller parts in 1832, due to which some church tubes were demolished.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

However, a new tupia was built on the farm, and at the same time the amount of permanent settlement in the church village also increased.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] The church village became an important centre of social life, the role of which remained even after the abolition of church access in the 19th century.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The church village heard the news, went to the market, and the youth met their future spouses there; life there was usually much busier than the home villages.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In the 19th century, it became customary that in some church saints the youth lived in the church village, others were older people.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Preparation for confirmation took two to three weeks, during which time the young people lived in church shelters usually under the watchful eye of one of their older relatives.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Owners of church supports could also lend their tupias to less-well-off residents of their village if necessary.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] In 1864 freedom of business came into effect in Sweden, after which church support owners began to offer various services to churchgoers.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Examples included wedding party arrangements and funerals.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Cafes, hotels and small shops such as a hardware store, accessories stores, hair salon, photography shop, as well as a funeral home were established in the church village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Although the actual new town of Luleå was much more diverse in terms of services, the services of the old town church village were enough for most rural peasants at church visits.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] The Northern Swedish Ore Railway was built at the end of the 19th century just 500 metres from the church village and transport links improved significantly.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

However, for quite a long time the functions of the church village remained almost unchanged.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

It was not until the 19th century that the church village received its distinctive red and white colouring.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Originally, well into the 19th century, the vast majority of church supports and stables had been unpainted brownish-grey wooden buildings with doors and shutters painted white.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] From decline to cultural historical prestige in the 20th century, the development of the church village regressed at the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] As private motoring and bus services became more common in the 1920s, the village's central skievar began to lose customers and the number of church stables declined rapidly.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

There were only 80 church stables left in 1932, of which six have been spared in modern times.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In the 1930s, there were a total of 564 rooms suitable for accommodation, chambers.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In the 1930s, a formula was established for the area, with new residential buildings placed on the outer outskirts of the church village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

During the 20th century, the development of settlement in the Gammelstad area and the increase in population was concentrated almost completely within a couple of kilometres from the church village to the Stadsön area, which had previously been used as fields and meadows by the peasants of the church-village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The population of Stadsön rose to 6000 and schools, small businesses and shops were built there.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In turn, the church village and its associated neighbourhoods had only about 700 permanent inhabitants, of whom just under 250 lived in the church-village area.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The number of permanent settlements on the territory of the church village can be compared with the fact that at the end of the century 424 church owners and co-owners are more than one thousand.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] On 11 December 1940, the church village was threatened by a major fire, which originated in the pharmacy building.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

A large four-cornered block facing north of the church, which included residential houses, business apartments and 19 church bedrooms burned to the ground.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Water shortages and extremely cold weather hampered shutdown efforts.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The tar on the church roof began to melt in the heat of the fire.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Due to the mobilization of troops in Sweden during World War II, a large military contingent was stationed in the church village, which is thought to have saved the village from a greater disaster.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The soldiers were capable of blowing up a wide fire alley, thus sheltering the rest of the church-village area.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

A new station plan and plan to rebuild the fire zone were approved in 1941.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The new formula remained true to the general look of the region.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] The church tubes were used to some extent in the traditional way until the 1950s.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[10] The development and protection of the church village took a favourable turn from the 1960s onwards.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] At the turn of the 1960s, some old houses were demolished in the area, such as the old post house (1959) and the Kestikievar that suffered damage in the 1940 fire (1962).


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] In the 1960s, planning for a new city plan was also begun [4], construction began on the old meadows adjacent to the Luleå River [7], and the first ideas of exploiting the area as a tourist attraction were put forward.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In the 1971 town plan, the Swedish Riksantikvarieämbetet defined the church village as a nationally invaluable cultural historical area.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[4] As the maintenance of church subsidies became more difficult for older beneficiaries, the Swedish state began to support remediation efforts in Gammelstad and other Swedish church villages.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Owners' interest in church tubs revived, and their decay stopped.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] Thorough plans to preserve and maintain the site were made in the 1980s.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The final ban on demolition of the church village buildings was confirmed in 1995 [4] and the site was selected for the 1996 UNESCO World Heritage List.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[5] As a World Heritage Site in the 21st century, UNESCO's ten-year assessment of the World Heritage Site in 2006 found church support owners to be well aware of the particular cultural historical value of the site.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The number of tourists to the area was also increasing and tourist services were being developed.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Maintenance of public spaces and buildings had improved and cooperation between different authorities, organisations and owners was very well, which UNESCO considered an essential success factor for preserving the cultural historical values of the region also in the future.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Interest in owning church supports in Gammelstad has grown, and their prices have been steadily rising.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The owners of the tups have also taken on more and more responsibility for the maintenance of their subsidies again.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] There is still a night in church gatherings, although mostly in the summer in connection with congregation confirmation activities.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[10] Alongside the risk of fire always identified as a risk, the preservation of traditions was seen as the most serious challenge for the future, and according to UNESCO, traditionalist traditions should be further developed and cooperation between the owners of church subsidies should be improved.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[7] On the other hand, maintaining church support as such can still be a challenge, and even poor church tuition can be seen.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

For example, those who passed into the ownership of estates or otherwise those living further away from the church village and owned by old widows may suffer neglect of maintenance due to lack of interest or power.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Coercive means of maintaining the dowels are also tricky because they count as movable property with the church owning the land beneath them.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Selling them to people interested in actively owning them is seen as an effective way to ensure their maintenance in the future.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[16] Administration and Maintenance of World Heritage World Heritage status brings a lot of visibility and development opportunities to the church village, but also responsibilities, which require well-organized and regulated governance.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[6] The various parties involved in the administration of the World Heritage Site include entrepreneurs in the area, permanent residents, owners of church supports, Luleå Municipality, Norrbotten County Board, Alalulaja Parish, Alalulaja Home Association (), Norrbotten Museum and Trafikverket.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The maintenance and development of the object is also governed by a series of laws and regulations.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[17] The oldest provisions for the development of church villages in general are the Royal Letters dating back to 1817 and 1849.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

They specify that construction of new buildings cannot occur without permission from the county government.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Similarly, trading is prohibited outside market hours.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Based on the letters, the use of church supports is still restricted to temporary housing only.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

They are also the basis for land leases between the parish of Alalulaja and the owners of the church supports.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Generally, the development and use of the site is governed by the UNESCO Treaties on World Heritage Sites of 1972 ratified by the Swedish State in 1985 and Swedish national law include Cultural Historic Protection Sites, Environmental Protection of Cultural Sites and the Roads Act specific provisions on cultural sites.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[17] The Gammelstad Church Village Council (), which meets at least four times a year, brings together the various parties associated with the World Heritage Site.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The Council is a debating and collaborative organisation dealing with issues related to world heritage governance, safeguarding the continuity of the cultural environment, church village tradition and tourism development of the destination.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The Church Village Council also serves as the Board of Trustees, which is generally required by UNESCO for World Heritage Sites.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The Council consists of representation from Luleå Municipality (2 representatives), Alalulaja Parish (2 representatives), “Nederluleå kyrkstuguägarförening” (2 representatives), Norrbotten County Administration, “Kyrkbyns intresseförening” and the Home Association of Alalulaja.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The Church Village Council is chaired by the Cultural Director of Luleå Municipality.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The full-time World Heritage Site Coordinator () serves as the Secretary of the Council.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[18] The various parties have jointly committed themselves to a two-part management plan (), which is the basis for the coordinated maintenance and development of the church village.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Part 1 of the Management Plan describes the universal values of the World Heritage Site, prioritizes long-term development sites and defines the responsibilities of the various parties.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[17] Part 2 of the management plan includes concrete shorter-term development measures including timetables and the responsibilities of the parties involved.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[19] A detailed plan has been developed to regulate the land use and construction of the church village ().


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

It carefully defines land areas defined for different types of buildings as well as general areas such as parks and roads.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The plan also specifies under what conditions certain areas are allowed to build or alter existing buildings.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Maintenance activities for culturally historically important buildings are also coordinated on the basis of a detailed plan.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[20] In order to preserve the appearance and general look of the church village, in turn, a detailed aesthetic program () has been formed to serve as a manual for the church village operators.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The program regulates the use of church village streets, lighting, parking arrangements, market use, area parks and plantings, plot boundaries marking, signage, and some individual things such as the use of garden furniture outside and annexe buildings.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[21] Church houses owned by individuals may be sold like real estate and can be available for sale, for example through local real estate agents.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The administration of Norrbotten County must approve the new owner, as one owner can only have one church house at a time.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The owner of the church is also required to enter into a land use permit agreement with the parish of Alalulaja.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In 2012, prices for church subsidies ranged between 40000 and 100000 kroner with the most common price around 50000 SEK.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[22] There are also many special rules regarding the ownership and private use of church tubes.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The owner of the church must live in the municipality of Luleå, but not in the church village itself.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

You can stay at Tuvi only on weekends and church holidays.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The act seeks to avoid the formation of church tubs as summer cottages or permanent dwellings.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

No fixed telephones or television antennas may be installed in the tub.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Planting around the sheaths shall not be permitted and open flames in the area are not allowed due to the fire hazard.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[22] [23] A manual for maintenance of dowels has also been developed for the owners of church dowels which specifies detailed provisions, limitations and maintenance guidelines regarding the facade of dowels, doors, windows, shutters and planks, roof and wall structures, chimneys, foundations, stairstones and even the appearance of numeral signs on the sheath.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[24] [25] The Association of Church Support Owners, Nederluleå kyrkstuguägarförening, offers courses, gatherings and expert resources aimed at guiding and concretely supporting the proper and regular maintenance of church supports and to promote social interaction in general. between owners.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[26] The church village is visited by around 100000 (2003) [7] — 145000 (2005) [27] tourists every year.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The vast majority of tourists visit the area during the summer time, and almost half of them come from outside Sweden.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[28] There is free access to the area, but groups can also book paid services such as guided tours and artisan shows.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Worship services, concerts and other events are held at the Lower Luulaja Church.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

It is also open Monday to Wednesday some hours a day.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The church room number 253—254, owned by Nederluleå hembygdsförening, is open to the public including pre-arranged guided tours, as well as guided tour times that occur daily during the summer period.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

The tourist centre also features various exhibitions and films about the history of the region can be viewed.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

On pre-order, various meeting and conference services as well as other tourist services such as horse rides are also possible.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[29] The area is home to cafes, restaurants and some accommodation facilities in farm accommodation and guesthouse.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[30] On the edge of the church village is the open-air museum of culture and natural history of Hägnan, where buildings of cultural historical value have been introduced from different parts of Norrbotten.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

In summer, the museum has maids and rings dressed in up-to-date outfits, which introduce visitors to the everyday life of coastal people a century ago.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

During the summer, the Hägnan Museum District also has a programme and various displays such as haymaking, country weddings and village markets.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

[1] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pär Domeij, Jan-Olov Nyström, Maurits Nyström| title = Kyrkstaden Luleå Gammelstad.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Världsarvet| location = Skellefteå| publisher = Norma förlag| year = 1999| id = ISBN 91 7217 016-6| language = (in Swedish)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Maurits Nyström, Rolf Johansson title | = Gammelstad — kyrkstaden och location = Luley| publisher = Nederluleå hembygdsförening| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-91-976982-3-8| language = (in Swedish) | format = [online version]}} References Elsewhere (in Swedish), Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

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Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

(in Swedish), Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

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Question: Who founded the church village of Gammelstad?

Gammelstad Church Village

Category:Luleå Municipality Category:UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Sweden


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

Kari Juhani Cantell (born 23 August 1932 in Mäntyharju [1]) is a Finnish medical researcher.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

Cantell's parents were lecturer Lauri Oskar Immanuel Cantell and Hilma Esteri Haapakoski.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

He married in 1958 to nurse Aila Onnia Koko.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

Cantell matriculated from the Mikkeli Lyceum in 1950 and graduated as a licentiate in medicine in 1956.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

He received his doctorate in medicine in 1959.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

At the beginning of his career, Cantell held positions at the University of Helsinki and the State Serum Institute.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

[2] For four decades, Cantell has researched interferons and published over three hundred scientific papers on interferons and viruses.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

Among other things, his research has contributed to the development of cancer drugs.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

With his research, Cantell has also won several science awards.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

He has been awarded the Finnish Cultural Fund Recognition Prize 1972, the Matti Äyräpää Prize in 1978, the MTV Cultural Prize in 1979, the Eric K. Fernström Nordic Prize in 1981 and the Milstein Prize 1995.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

About the life of a scientist, Cantell has written in his book The Story of Interferon.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

Cantell received the Finnish State Information Disclosure Award in 1994, the Tieto-Finlandia Honorable Mention and the Lauri Jänti Foundation Honorary Prize.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

For the book The Scientist's Reflections on Faith he received the Väinö Voipio Prize.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

Cantell was elected a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences in 1981.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

[3] Works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cantell, Kari| title = Scientist's Reflections on Faith: Invitation to Lifetime Reflection | location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1996| version = 2nd edition 1996| id = ISBN 951-0-21018-8}} Citation error, error replace with {{cite book| author = Cantell, Kari| title = The Story of Interferon.


Question: When was Kari Cantell born?

Kari Cantell

The life of a scientist — joys and sorrows| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1993| id = ISBN 9789510188897}} Sources Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Category: Finnish doctors Category:Finnish inventors Category:Finnish scientists Category:Matti Äyräpää Prize Laureates Category:Born in 1932 Category:Living persons


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Special education (special pupil support) is intended for students who require special teaching arrangements or pupil maintenance services for pervasive learning difficulties, intellectual developmental impairment, neurological developmental disorder, emotional disorder, social inadaptability, physical education or due to sensory impairment or, for example, long-term illness [1] [2] [3].


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Special education is provided in pre-primary and primary school and secondary general and vocational education [4].


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

The schooling of students needing special support and its development has been one of the priorities of vocational training in recent years.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Over the past few years, special education has also increased in high schools.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Increase in special education The number of pupils in special education increased by about 60% between 2001 and 2010.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

The proportion of pupils completing individualised syllabus in primary education doubled over the same period.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[5] Approximately 9% of primary school children in Finland were covered by special education in 2010.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

There were twice the number of boys receiving special education compared to girls.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[6] Approximately 40% of those transferred to special education were due to pervasive learning disabilities.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Two thirds of them were boys [7].


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

The aim is to provide specific support for the pupil primarily in the pupil's own local school and other teaching [8].


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

If this is not possible, the pupil shall be assigned the nearest appropriate school and special class place [8].


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Approximately half of pupils needing special support are fully or partially integrated into mainstream education groups.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Finland is among the European countries with the highest number of pupils in special classes.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[9] The primary objective of special education is to support the pupil's study in such a way that it is possible to achieve objectives in accordance with the general syllabus.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

If, despite supporting activities, the pupil fails to achieve the objectives of the general syllabus, the course can be individualised.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Individualisation may apply to the whole range of basic education or only individual subjects.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[10] Three-tier support Since 2013, basic education in Finland has used a three-tier support system: The mildest form of support is universal support, which the teacher can provide, for example, as support teaching and flexible teaching arrangements.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[11] If the need for support is greater, move to enhanced support, which can be implemented in your general education classroom, special education teacher or a combination thereof.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

The aid is regular or consists of several different forms of support.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[12] Specific support is an even stronger form of support, and the main responsibility for implementing it lies with the special education teacher.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

It is given to pupils whose growth, development or learning objectives are not achieved through enhanced support measures.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[13] The organizer of the teaching of basic education makes an official decision on specific support.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Before making a decision, the teaching organiser must consult the pupil and his guardian and conduct a pedagogical survey of the pupil.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

The decision will be reviewed at least after the second year class and before moving to the seventh grade.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

The special support decision shall decide on the pupil's main teaching group, any interpreter and assistant services and, where appropriate, the deviant organisation of the pupil's teaching.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[14] The specific aid decision is accompanied by the Hojks decision, i.e. a personal plan for the organisation of teaching.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Special support (special education in class form) A pupil may be admitted or transferred to a special education group if the school's support measures are known to be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate for the pupil's needs.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

In addition, on the basis of expert assessments, the pupil's situation must require admission or transfer to special education.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

According to the Finnish Basic Education Act, a teaching group intended for pupils admitted or transferred to special education is allowed to have no more than ten pupils.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

A teaching group for pupils within the scope of extended compulsory education shall have no more than eight pupils, and a teaching group composed of the most severely mentally disabled pupils shall have no more than six pupils.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[15] Curricula Special education groups in elementary schools in Finland have very different curricula depending on the type of pupils the group is intended for.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

EAUT EAUT teaching is for students of the autism spectrum who experience difficulties with, among other things, interaction and communication.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

In some municipalities, autistic children have been placed in EHA or EMU classes.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

EDY EDY teaching is intended for pupils with specific linguistic difficulties, dysphasia.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Teaching is from the levels of the general curriculum, but the essential specific objective is to try to overcome or override a specific linguistic difficulty.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

For example, images can be used to support communication in the class.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

EHA EHA, or brushing, is for pupils with mild or secondary developmental disabilities who are covered by extended compulsory education.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Teaching objectives and teaching methods are developed individually for each pupil, and the main focus of teaching is on learning practical skills.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Education after primary school is individualized, strengthening daily skills and guidance that supports independence.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

EHV EHV teaching is for pupils with profound developmental disabilities.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Teaching is individual, comprehensive guidance that takes into account the needs of the child and the level of development.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

EKU EKU teaching is for deaf and hard of hearing pupils.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Teaching is largely done in sign language or with the support of sign language.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

EMU EMU, or adapted teaching, is intended for pupils who, despite supporting activities, do not undergo primary school education, for example because of extensive learning difficulties, developmental delays or mild developmental disabilities.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

A key specific objective is the management of basic knowledge and skills and the development of hand skills.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

The curriculum is lighter than the general curriculum with a greater emphasis on basics.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

After custom instruction, graduate eligibility is narrower than that of those who have completed the general education syllabus.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

ESSA NO teaching is designed for pupils with visual impairment.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

There are a few special schools for the visually impaired in Finland, but generally visually impaired children attend school in general education groups, in which case the teaching seeks to take into account their specific needs in terms of material, equipment and personal assistant.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

ESY (SOPE) ESY and SOPE (teaching in support of social adaptation and emotional life) are intended for pupils suffering from adaptation difficulties, behavioural disorder or emotional problems.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Teaching is in line with the objectives of primary school general education, with a key specific objective being to rehabilitate pupils to be able to study even in a large group.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Class practices are shaped according to the needs of the students, and routines and structured ways of working are emphasized.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

EVY EVY teaching is intended for pupils with special difficulties due to neurological reasons (for example, difficulty concentrating or functional control or attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder) who therefore need more teacher guidance, time and attention.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

These children act in many things like normal children, but in certain situations they need special measures to make the most of their abilities.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Teaching is in line with the objectives of primary school general education.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[15] [16] Joint phase support Special education is also provided for those who do not have an administrative decision on their need.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

This group includes e.g.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

immigrants and articulated pupils or students.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

There are articular stages from kindergarten to preschool, from preschool to elementary school, from elementary to middle school, and from middle school to secondary school in transition.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

At articular stage, the pupil needs more support than usual


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Efforts have been made to reduce the articulation stages, for example, by removing the division into primary and secondary schools in the 1999 Regulation [17].


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

Criticism of Special Education International studies show that a pupil learns less on average in a special class than in a regular class.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[9] The United Nations has been trying to promote a policy for decades that would give all pupils the right to study in an ordinary class.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

For a special class (“small class”), the transfer should only be a rare exception.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

[18] In 1993, the UN General Assembly adopted a decision that school authorities are obliged to organise the teaching of persons with disabilities in ordinary classes [19].


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

The European Union has also supported this development.


Question: In what year has a special education set up in Finland?

Special education

See also Brushing education Flexible primary education Vocational special education High school special education Sources on topic elsewhere Class:Teaching Class:Special Pedagogy Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Amfipolis (,) was an ancient city and city-state (polis) above the mouth of the Strymon River in Bisaltia.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[1] [2] [3] Its archaeological site is located in the municipality of Amfípol, about 400 meters south of the present village of Amfípol.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Geography Amphipolis was located on the Strymon River (now.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Strymónas or Struma) on the east bank about 25 stadium measures, or about four kilometres north of its mouth.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The town was built on Mount Pangaion (now.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Pangaío) to the southwestern slope at an altitude of about 154 m above sea level at the point where the river makes a bend to the west before lowering into the sea.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The original designation of the place was Ennea Hodoi (), “Nine Roads”, because there was a bridge that crossed the river from its old and several roads led to it.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The name of the town, Amfipolis, was based on a bend made by almost the entire “town around” (amfi polis) of the river.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The location of the city was strategic, as it controlled the natural route from Thrace and the Gulf of Strymon (now.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Gulf of Strymonikós) to the Macedonian plains.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The region was originally the territory of the Thracian Edoni (Ēdōnoi).


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

At the mouth of the river was located the town of Eion.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Gold and silver were excavated from Mount Pangaion.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

There was also a lot of timber for shipbuilding in the area.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[1] [2] [3] History From the Archaic to the Classical period Amphipolis was originally a colony of Athens.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The Miletosans attempted to establish a colony on the site as early as the end of the Archaic period in 497 BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

under the tyrant Histiaios, but these were driven out by the Edoni.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The Athenians first attempted the establishment of a colony in 465 BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

on a man, but this attempt also failed.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The establishment of the colony was finally successful under the leadership of Agnon's son of Niciah in 437 BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

In the establishment of the colony, the old fortress of the Persians at Eion at the mouth of the river was used as a base.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

It had been a trading station (emporion) for the Athenians since 476 BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[1] [2] [3] Amphipolis flourished thanks to the gold of Mount Pangaion, and the Athenians seem to have regarded the city as a kind of crown jewel.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The city was recaptured by Sparta at the time of the Peloponnesian War in 424 BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Brasida led by.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

A recapture attempt led by Thukydide, better known as a historian, failed.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Athens attempted the takeover again under Kleon in 422 BC, leading to the Battle of Amphipolis.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Sparta was able to be held to Amphipolis in this battle as well, but both Brasidas and Kleon died.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Athens was able to keep Eion.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Brasidas was buried in the city and was venerated as heeros and founder of the city, and an annual celebration was established in his honor.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[2] [3] Niciah in peace in 421 BC.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Amphipolis should in principle have been returned to Athens, but this was opposed by its inhabitants.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

One reason for Amphipolis's rapid distance from its mother city Athens was likely that only a small percentage of its inhabitants were settlers from Athens.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The Athenians attempted a recapture of the city in 360 BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Led by Timotheos, however, the Amphipolian repulsed the attempt in alliance with Olynthos.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

In 357 BC.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

However, the city was taken over by Macedonia under Philip II.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Alexander the Great on a war expedition to the east in 334 BC.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

the city served as a naval base.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Amphipolis was native to or inhabited by Alexander's warlords Androsthenes, Erigyios, Laomedon and Nearkhos.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[2] [1] [4] From the Hellenistic to the Roman period in the Hellenistic period, Amphipolis survived as a major centre and stronghold of Macedonia in the region.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

It even served as one of the residences of Macedonian royalty.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

After Alexander's death, his wife Roksane settled in Amphipolis, and in 179 BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Filippos V died in the city.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

A Macedonian gold coin was minted in amphipolis.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[2] [1] [4] The chief deity of the city was Artemis Tauropolos or Artemis Brauronia.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

In addition to the previously mentioned warlords, the well-known inhabitants of the town include, among others, the grammatician Zoilos.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[3] Amphipolis was invaded by the Romans after the Battle of Pydna in 168 BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Led by Aemilius Paullus.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Subsequently, a meeting of the Romans and ten Greek city-states was held in the city, in which Macedonia was divided into four parts.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Amphipolis became the capital of the first part.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The city continued to flourish in the Roman period beginning here, and the Via Egnatia was built to pass through the town.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[2] [1] In 42 BC.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

the city was the base of the Second Triumvirate before the Battle of Filippoi.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

As a thank you, the city received free city (civitas libera) rights.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[4] Christianity came to the city no later than about 50 share.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The Apostle Paul visited the city on his way from Philip to Thessalonike.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[4] [5] Later history and excavations in the Byzantine period The area of Amphipolia was known as Popolia, and several churches were built in the area.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The preservation of the town was aided by its location on the central route that ran west from Constantinople.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The town was presumably abandoned in the 8th century


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

at the time of the Slavic internationals.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[2] [1] The main part of the population of the region then moved to the delta of the river, where the city of Khrysopol developed.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The site of the amphipolis remained a small settlement known as Marmarion.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[6] Archaeological excavations at Amphipolis began in 1956.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

They have been performed by Greek archaeologists.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[1] Buildings and findings The amphipolis was surrounded by walls with a total length of about seven kilometers.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Located on the eastern edge of the city, the acropolis had its own walls, about two kilometres long.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Buildings and structures from the Hellenistic and Roman period, including the Roman stoa, as well as Byzantine-era basilica churches have been excavated from the town.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Outside the walls, the remains of two shrines have been found, as well as a large number of tombs.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The Classical Period city, including its agora and temples, are mainly unexcavated.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[1] The findings of the archaeological site are presented by the Amfípol Archaeological Museum, which is associated with it.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The city in Amphipolis is known to have had temples or other shrines to Heracles, Dioscurs, Athena, Cleio, Kybele, and Egyptian gods.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Alexander the Great is known to have planned to build a large temple dedicated to Artemis Tauropolos in the city, but the plan never came to fruition.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[4] The town's large stoa, or columnar hall, was built in the Roman or early Christian period.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

It had a length of about 53.5 metres and used Doorian and Ionian columns of earlier buildings.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The town also had, among other things, in the 3rd century BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

built a gymnasion as well as a Roman-era aqueduct.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Private houses have been excavated from the town during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The mosaic floor of one of the houses featured the robbery of Europe.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The city wall has been preserved at several points.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Four pieces of early Christian basilica churches have been found.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Two of them have been more extensively excavated, with fine mosaic floors showing geometric subjects, plants and animals, among other things.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[2] [4] Tombs and Burial Monuments to Amphipolis lion The most famous relics of the amphipolis include the five-foot tall Lion Statue of Amphipolis, which was discovered on the west bank of the Strymon River at the time of the Balkan Wars in 1912.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The statue was part of a large tomb monument, likely the tomb of Alexander the Great's naval commander Laomedon, and is dated to the 3rd-century BCE.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

for the rest.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The statue was restored and re-erected near the present village of Amfípol in 1936.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[2] [7] The large-sized tumulus tomb called the Kastá tomb was discovered in 2012 and its excavations began more extensively in 2014.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

It is dated to around the years 325—300 BCE, and has been conjectured as the tomb of the Macedonian royal lineage or some prominent warlord.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

However, the identity of those buried in the grave is, at least for now, an enigma.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

The burial mound measures about 160 metres in diameter and has at least three chambers inside, and at least five different individuals are buried in it.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[8] According to the theory put forward in 2015, this would have originally been the tomb of Hephaestion.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[9] Other tombs A large Hellenistic period cemetery has been found on the north side of the town, where some 440 graves of different types have been identified.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Terracotta figurines, pottery and gold jewellery have been found in the tombs.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

So-called Macedonian-type tombs usually contain several chambers, of which the actual burial chamber contains burial beds for the deceased.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

Such tombs are often decorated with paintings.


Question: What made Thessalonike a significant city in the Hellenistic period?

Amphipolis

[2] Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Amphípoli Category:Ancient Greek settlements Category:Archaeological sites in Greece


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

The Republic of Peru (esp.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

República del Perú), or Peru, is a state in South America.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

It is bordered by Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and Chile to the south.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

To the west of the country is the Pacific Ocean.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

After the overthrow of the ancient mighty Inca state, Peru was a Spanish colony from 1531 to 1821.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

An independent Peru was plagued by economic problems, with regime alternating between right-wing dictatorships, military coups and leftist rule.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Towards the end of the 20th century, the Shining Path guerrilla movement fought the government and took hostages.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

At the turn of the millennium, the country's former leadership was convicted of corruption and other abuses.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Although Peru lies close to the equator, the cold Humboldt ocean current and high Andes keep its climate cooler than the rest of the tropics.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

The official language of Peru is Spanish.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Nearly half of the 30 million residents are Native Americans and more than 80 percent are Roman Catholic.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

History Indians before Europeans Main article: Central Andean Indian cultures Peruvian Indian culture has had thousands of years of tradition.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Settlement in the area began about ten thousand years ago, when hunter-gatherer peoples came from the north.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Around the year 2500 BC.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

by the time there were villages inhabited by fishermen and farmers in the river valleys of present-day Peru.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Even before the Incas, the vast Chavín Kingdom flourished in the region for about five hundred years, from 950 to 450 BCE.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

After Chavín, the region again disintegrated into small states.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[1] About 1200 share.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

emerged as the Inca Empire, which began to expand in earnest in the 15th century with the advent of rulers Pachachutec and Túpac Inca Yupanqui.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

The capital of the Incas was Cusco.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

About five years before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Inca state was racked by civil war, the parties of which were led by brothers arguing over the succession to power.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[2] Spanish-era Civil war had weakened the Incas when conquistador Francisco Pizarro arrived to take over the Inca Empire in 1531 [3] in Peru with his 180 men.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Atahualpa was executed by the Spanish in 1533.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Pizarro founded Lima in 1535 and destroyed the Inca capital of Cusco.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[4] The viceroy established in Peru in 1542 controlled all Spanish settlements in South America from present-day Panama to the southern tip of the continent, and its capital, Lima, became the continent's most significant city.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[5] In 1780, Túpac Amaru II, proclaimed heir to the Inca kings, led a rebellion against the Spanish, but the rebellion was defeated.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] Independence, wars and economic crises during the South American wars of independence of 1810—1822, Peru was the last of the Spanish troop bases.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

The Argentinian José de San Martín declared Peru independent on 28 July 1821 [6], and General Antonio José de Sucre defeated the Spanish forces at the Battle of Ayacucho, thus ending Spanish colonial rule.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Spain was still trying to regain its settlements, and did not recognize Peru's independence until 1879.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[7] In 1836—1839, Peru and Bolivia joined as a short-lived federation.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Between 1849 and 1874, 800—100,000 Chinese laborers were brought into the country, among other things, to collect guano.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] Peru also warred periodically against its neighbours over disputed border areas.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Against Spain, it made war at sea 1864—1866.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

In the War of the Pacific of 1879—1883, together with Bolivia against Chile, Peru lost its nitrate fields in the Atacama Desert and three of its provinces.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] Border disputes with Bolivia were cleared by negotiation in 1902.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

The first reformist president, Augusto B. Leguía, came to power after the elections he won in 1919 with the support of the army and remained in power until he was deposed by the army in 1930.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

During his time borders were agreed with Colombia in 1927 and Peru regained the Tacna it lost from Chile in 1929.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Following the hijacking led by Sánchez Cerro, who ousted Leguía from power, the country was ruled by right-wing dictatorships.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

After the Ecuador-Peruvian War, the 1942 Rio Agreement was concluded.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[8] In 1945, the left-wing APRA came to power.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

General Manuel Ordía seized power in 1948.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Ordía became president in 1950, and ruled all the way to 1956.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Military rule ended in 1963, and Fernando Belaúnde Terry, candidate of the Christian Democrats and Acción Popular, was elected president, [6] while APRA received the largest number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

After economic problems and strikes, Belaúnde was ousted by the army in 1968, and General Velasco Alvarado came to power.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

He undertook a land overhaul and the facilities were converted into cooperatives, but did not cede the land to Native American house bases, among whom the Shining Path guerrilla movement was born.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

After the 1975 hijacking, General Morales Bermúdez rose to power.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

In 1979, a new constitution was introduced and elections were held in 1980.


Question: In what current state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Belaúnde was re-elected president.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Belaúnde initiated land and industrial reform, but by the end of his term in 1985 the country was again in economic crisis.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[9] Belaúnde was succeeded by Alan García, a young social democrat.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

He sought to clean up the old guard from the police and army and fix the economy through price and currency controls and nationalising two banks, which was forced to abandon after fierce resistance.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Inflation accelerated uncontained and exceeded 7,500% in 1990.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Garcia lost the election and fled the country to avoid charges of financial irregularities.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[10] Fujimori's time In June 1990, Alberto Fujimori, the son of Japanese immigrants outside politics, was elected president.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Fujimori began sweeping cutting measures to stem inflation and pay down debt.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

With the opposition in control of parliament, in April 1992, Fujimori, with the support of the military, staged a hijacking and dissolved Congress and wrote a new constitution.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

The Maoist guerrilla movement Shining Path accelerated its attacks after government action.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Its leader Abimael Guzmán was arrested in September, which initially precipitated guerrilla attacks, but as late as 1994 some six thousand guerrillas surrendered.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] Fujimori's backers won elections to a new unicameral Congress in November 1992 and a new constitution took effect in December 1993.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Fujimori was re-elected president in June 1995.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

He arranged amnesty for those accused of human rights crimes.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru guerrillas overran the Japanese legation in December 1996 and took about 500 hostages, demanding the cancellation of economic cuts.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

The siege ended in April 1997 with an invasion and the death of all the guerrillas.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] Border disputes with Ecuador continued from 1981 over the Cordillera del Cóndor and Cenepa to 1995, and finally in 1998 the countries made peace and marked the border.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

With Chile, the last article of the border agreement was put into action in 1999.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] [11] In early 2000, Fujimori ran for a third term, although this was forbidden by the constitution.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Despite protests from the OAS and opposition, he was reported to have won, but his immediate circle was caught in bribery.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Due to ongoing protests, the election was renewed in April 2001.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Fujimori sacked the commander of the armed forces and three generals to prevent a coup.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Eventually, Valentín Paniagua rose from the opposition to become Speaker of Parliament while Fujimori was abroad, from which he submitted his resignation request.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

In January 2001, Paniagua, who rose to become the acting president, set up a truth commission to investigate the disappearance of 4000 people in the 1980s and 1990s.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Fujimori's credit man, Vladimiro Montesinos, was sentenced to nearly 25 years in prison for corruption and misuse of power and state funds.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] After Fujimori In the 2001 election, economist Alejandro Toledo was elected president.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Toledo was forced to back down after the June 2002 protests over its privatization projects.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

The militant group rose in revolt in January 2005 and in May Toledo was accused of forging signatures in relation to the 2000 election.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

However, Parliament decided not to sack him.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] In the 21st century, three devastating earthquakes have occurred in Peru.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

In June 2001, an earthquake killed 100 people in southern Peru in Arequipa and Moquegua and left 46,000 homeless.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

In 2005, you rattled again.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

On August 15, 2007, near Ica, 150 kilometres southeast of Lima, a devastating earthquake of 8.0 moment magnitude occurred.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

More than 610 people were killed and 1000 injured.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[12] In 2009, clashes arose in the Amazon region between security forces and the indigenous population over land ownership.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Dozens of people were killed.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[6] In 2006, former president Alan García was elected with a moderate reform agenda, and his party APRA emerged as the second largest party after Humala's Unión por el Perú.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

In April 2007, Parliament granted García special powers against drug trafficking and organized crime.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

Under Alan García's right-wing presidential term [2006-2011], Peru's economic growth peaked on the continent and the percentage of the poor in the population declined much.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[13] He was narrowly elected as his successor in June 2011 by the left-winger Ollanta Humala, who, admittedly, appointed economy-minded, US-educated ministers.


Question: Where in the present state was the capital of the Inca located?

Peru

[13] [14] Pro-market policies, good economic development and poverty reduction have continued during the Humaloank period, but there would be sufficient improvement in the protection of property, particularly corruption.