Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

When the Athenians sent reinforcements to the siege of Poteidaia, the plague also spread among the besiegers.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The plague didn't hit as drastically the rest of Greece.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The pestilence killed one-third of the inhabitants of Athens, including Pericleen and his son.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The plague was a major blow to Athens, which lost a significant portion of its male power.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[9] The following year, the Spartans began besieging Plataia, under pressure from Thebes and perhaps because they did not want to attack plague-stricken Attica.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Plataians sent their women and children to evac Athens and left only 400 soldiers in the city itself, who could easily defend the city against overwhelming enemy forces.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In 428 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athenian ally Mytilene on the island of Lesbos began to revolt, and soon the entire island except Methymna had settled behind Mytilene.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians immediately sent 40 ships to subdue the rebels.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, the Mytileneans sought help from Sparta, who decided to send a fleet of their own and those of their allies to the aid of Mytilene.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, the Spartans decided to make another attack on Attica


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

However, the fleet was not completed in the same year.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians also failed to defeat Lesbo, but did get Mytilene surrounded by land and sea.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Mytileneans held their ground because they believed the Spartans would soon come to their aid.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[10] Year 427 BC


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

in the summer, the Spartan fleet under Alkida embarked on a voyage towards Lesbo.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkidas soon learned, however, that Mytilene had surrendered to the Athenians.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In the same summer, the Plataians defending the city of Plataia also surrendered.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans sentenced them all to death.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians also decided to sentence the inhabitants of Mytilene to death, but they regretted their decision as early as the next day.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

A ship sent to Mytilene quickly got there just before the verdict could be put into practice.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[11] With the death of Pericle, Athens had lost its distinct leadership figure.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

A new more belligerent line began to be driven by Periclee's greatest opponent, Kleon.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athenian strategy became much more aggressive after this, and in 427 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athenian strategist Nikias captured the island of Minoa, from which the port of Megara could be blockaded.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[12] To counter the Empire, the Athenians made several attacks on the Peloponnese from the sea during the war, but these had hitherto failed to produce greater damage to Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

According to Demosthenee's plan, the Athenians fortified a small cape of Pylos in the Peloponnese in 425 BCE.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The intention was to make Pylos a base from which to conduct war expeditions against Sparta and where Helots tired of Spartan power might flee.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans in turn fortified the neighbouring island of Sfakteria, but they were trapped on the island after an Athenian fleet arriving on the scene defeated the Spartan fleet at the Battle of Pylos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Demosthenes and Kleon defeated the remaining Spartans at the Battle of Sfakteria and took prisoner 292 Spartan soldiers.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The prisoners of war were transported to Athens, where they were threatened with execution if Sparta still invaded Attica.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[13] After the victories of Pylos and Sfacteria, the Athenians' enthusiasm grew, and they decided to attack Sparta's allies.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The first target was Megara, where Democrats were poised to plunge from power the city's oligarchic leadership.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians' attack failed when the Spartan warlord Brasidas unexpectedly arrived on the scene with an army.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In 424 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians made an attack on Boiotia, where they planned to fortify the Temple of Delion.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians' intention was to sever the land link between Sparta and its Boiotian allies.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athenian forces and Boiotians led by Thebes clashed at the Battle of Delion.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians lost this battle, which is characterized by the philosopher Socrates taking part in it.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[14] Coinciding with the Battle of Delion, Brasidas led an army of allies and helotes through Thessaly to Khalkidike.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Brasidas received support from the Macedonian king Perdikkas II.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In Khalkidike, he occupied the Athenian Colony at Amphipolis, which included many silver mines.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

A few other nearby towns also rebelled and sided with Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Thukydides, commander of the Athenian fleet who was nearby, was sent to prevent the takeover of Amphipolis, but he was unable to save the city.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

For this he was exiled from Athens, and toured Greece before beginning to write a book on the Peloponnesian War.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Shortly after the takeover of Amphipolis, war-burdened Athens and Sparta concluded peace for a year.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Immediately after the conclusion of the peace treaty, the Athenians sent an army under Kleon to recapture Amphipolis.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

However, Brasidas caught the Athenians by surprise and defeated them in the Battle of Amphipolis.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Kleon and Brasidas both died in the battle.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians who supported the continuation of the war lost their leadership figures with Kleon, and it was easy for those who wanted peace to persuade others to accept a peace treaty with Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans had already, after the defeat of Sfakteria, been ready for some kind of peace.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[15] The Peace of Niciah between Athens and Sparta in 421 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The peace concluded is called the peace in Nikia, according to Nikia, the then leading figure in Athens and the greatest advocate of the peace treaty.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

According to the peace treaty, Spartan came to hand back Amfipolis to Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Most important for Sparta was that the Spartan prisoners of war held by Athens were handed back.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athens came in turn to hand back Sfakteria and Pylos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Plataia was ceded to Thebes by the Athenians.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

However, the Thebans feared that without the threat of Sparta, Athens would soon come to attack them.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athens was in turn allowed to keep Megara's port city of Nisaian.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The peace deal infuriated Sparta's allies, who felt betrayed.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Boiotia, Megara, Corinth and Elis did not agree to accept the deal at all.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[16] [17] Since the Spartans were unable to persuade their allies to accept peace in Niciah, they decided to try to conclude an alliance with Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Shortly after the acceptance of the peace treaty, Athens and Sparta still agreed on a joint defence alliance for five to ten years.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athens also came to assist Sparta if the Heloths would revolt.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[17] [16] The alliance of Argos and Athens for Peace did not become long-lived, as neither side felt that the war had been resolved.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Sparta's allies, in particular, were unhappy with the peace.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In Athens, the leader of those who were pro-war now rose to Pericle's nephew Alkibiades, who intended to have Sparta defeated without war.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[18] Argos, independent of Sparta, one of the largest cities in the Peloponnese, allied with Mantineia and tried to persuade Sparta's allies to rise in rebellion against Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Argos was a democracy like Athens, and they were seen as natural Athenian allies.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Democratic Elis also went along with the Argos alliance.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiadeen induced Athens into an alliance with Argos, thus gaining three allies in Sparta's home field, the Peloponnese.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, it was able to break the land link between Sparta and its main allies Corinth and Thebes.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Sparta tried by all means to prevent the creation of the Union of Argos, but failed.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Although the Athenians had already violated the peace in Niciah, no one wanted to return to the pre-peace situation.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[18] In 419 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Argos threatened to take over the small town of Epidauros.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartan forces were twice ready to attack Argos, but the omens were poor of them, and they turned back home.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

However, Sparta was able to assist Epidaurous by secretly sending 300 soldiers there.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians, in turn, reoccupied Pylos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In 418 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans, with their allies, attacked Argos under their young king Agis II.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans took Argos's troops completely by surprise.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Agis nevertheless agreed a truce with the Argosans, even though his troops had very good positions tactically.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Agis' decision not to attack caused a tantrum in Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Agista was accused of cowardice, and had little to depose him.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[19] The Argos were not happy with what happened either.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

With their allies, they took Orkhomenos and soon began attacking the city of Tegea.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

If Argos had captured Tegea, it would have been able to block transport between Sparta and Messenia, which is important to the Spartans.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Agis again had to march against Argos and its allies.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

It remained up to the Athenians whether to help their new allies or stick to their peace treaty with Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians chose their new democratic allies.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The troops faced off at the town of Mantineia.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans, led by Agis, defeated the Argos and Athenian forces at the Battle of Mantineia, the largest battle of the Peloponnesian War.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

After the Spartans defeated their opponents, they regained control of almost the entire Peloponnese.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans allowed the Athenian forces to withdraw after the battle without greater losses.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

With Argos, Sparta concluded a fifty-year peace.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Sparta-backed oligarchs attempted to capture power in Argos, but by 417 BCE.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

by the time Democrats regained control of the city.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[20] [21] The takeover of Melos In 416 BCE


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians began the siege of Melos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Melos was the only one of the Aegeian islands who was not an ally of Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

It was initially inhabited by the Doorians, and may have supported Sparta in the early years of the war.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Melos was overrun and experienced the same treatment when Skione, all male residents were killed.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Women and children were sold into slavery.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[22] Sicilian War Expedition The Athenians decide to send a fleet to Sicily In 415 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians received a request for assistance from their Sicilian ally Segesta (also from Ege).


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Segestans wanted aid from Athens against their neighbouring city of Selinus.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

They also sent money with which to equip 60 ships for a month.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Even earlier in the war, Athens had sent smaller fleets to Sicily to assist its allies there.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

As the main opponent in Sicily, Athens had Syracuse, which was the old colony of Corinth.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Nikias opposed sending the entire fleet and tried every way possible to prevent the fleet from leaving.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Nikiah felt that Athens should not get involved in another distant war while the real enemy, Sparta, had not yet been defeated.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Nikias soon discovered, however, that his words did not bite the Athenians.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Eventually he decided to change tactics and began arguing that the expedition being sent should be much bigger if it was desired that it would accomplish something.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Nikias suggested that 100 ships and more than 5000 soldiers would be sent.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

He believed that the Athenians would not dare to send such a large fleet but would cancel the whole plan.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

To Niciah's dismay, the Athenians agreed to his proposal and also decided that Alkibiades, Nikias and a certain Lamakhos should be sent to lead the fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[23] Shortly before the fleet was ready to leave, an act that shocked the people took place in Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Someone desecrated the statues of the god Hermes that were in town.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Hermes was the god of journeymen, and the desecrators apparently wanted to inflict damage on the upcoming Sicilian expedition.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, there were also accusations that Alkibiades had taken part in the expenditure parodying the mysteries of Eleus.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiadee's political enemies also accused him of desecrating Herme.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiades responded to the accusations by saying he was immediately ready for trial.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

However, his opponents did not want to start proceedings until after the fleet had left because they knew Alkibiade was popular with soldiers.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Eventually the fleet left for Sicily, but in Athens the search for the culprits continued.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

It was soon decided to amend the law so that Athenian citizens could be tortured in order to impair the obtaining of evidence.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Some of the accused opted for exile, some were also executed.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[24] Fleet arrives in Sicily The fleet initially sailed to Kerkyra, where it was to meet the fleets sent by the Allies.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In total, there were 134 ships.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

From Kerkyra, the fleet continued its journey to southern Italy.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In Italy, the Athenians had difficulty gaining allies, perhaps because they were frightened by the sight of Athens's vast fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Clearly the Athenians' intention was no longer just to help their allies, but to retake all of Sicily.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, the Athenians learned that Segesta could not afford to pay the amount he promised after all.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Nikias suggested that the fleet sail along the coast of Sicily, showing others the might of Athens in order to return home afterwards.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiades, on the other hand, wanted the Athenians to try to bring about rebellions among the Sicilians and at the same time attack Syracuse and Selinus.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The fleet continued its journey to Athenian ally Katane.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

While the fleet was in Katane, a message arrived ordering Alkibiade to return to Athens for trial.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiades, however, made it on his way to Athens to escape and took shelter in Sparta, where he tried to persuade the Spartans to send their own expedition to Sicily.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In Athens, Alkibiades was sentenced in absentia to death.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[25] Before the arrival of the Athenian fleet in Syracuse, it was feared that the fleet was directed against them.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Syracusan warlord Hermocrates suggested that Syracuse seek help from other Sicilian cities against Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

He also suggested seeking help from Carthage, Syracuse's old enemy.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[25] Athenian troops landed ashore near Syracuse.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The army of Syracusans sent against them was equal to that of the Athenians, but the Syracusans had much more cavalry.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Despite this, the Athenians and their allies defeated their opponents.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

However, the Syracusan cavalry was protected by the retreat of their own army to the shelter of the city walls.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians then returned to Katane over the winter.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[25] Siege of Syracuse under Hermocrates, Syracuse reformed its army, at the head of which three warlords now came: Hermocrates himself, Heracleides, and Sikanos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Syracuse also sent a request for help to Corinth and Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In Sparta, Alkibiades advised the Spartans to send their own expedition to Sicily and also to fortify Dekeleia, a town near Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans decided to send Gylippos to Sicily, though with only four ships.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[26] Year 414 BC


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

in the spring, the Athenians got along again: they began to build a wall around Syracuse.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Their fleet again blocked access to the city from the sea.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Syracusans, in turn, built their own “counter-walls”, the purpose of which was to thwart the Athenians' intentions.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Lamakhos, who was one of the Athenians' chiefs, was killed in a skirmish in which the Syracusans attempted to seize an Athenian battering snippet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Only Nikias remained in charge of the Athenians, who had not believed in the success of the expedition.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[27] [28] Shortly after this, Gylippos came ashore at Himera and gathered together an army composed primarily of Sicilians opposed to Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Gylippos marched to Syracuse, where he struck the Athenians and built his own counter-wall, which cut the Athenians' cordon.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[27] [28] Nikias thought that after what happened, taking Syracuse would be impossible.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

He sent a message to Athens requesting that the Athenians either call back the entire expedition or send reinforcements.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians decided to send reinforcements under Pylos's hero Demosthenes and Eurymedon.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The new fleet consisted of 5000 soldiers and 73 ships.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Immediately upon reaching his destination, Demosthenes decided to attack the enemy and take over the walls he had built.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

A nocturnal attack led by Demosthenee failed, and the Athenians suffered heavy losses.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Demosthenes and Eurymedon decided that the situation for the Athenians was now hopeless and they would be forced to retreat.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

They were persuaded to Niciah to give the order that the expedition should return to Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

However, the night before departure, a lunar eclipse occurred, which frightened the Athenians so badly that Nikias reversed his decision.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Syracusans now saw their chance and attacked the Athenians fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Eurymedon, who led the fleet, was killed in the battle at the Great Harbour of Syracuse.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[27] [28] After the battle, the Syracusans began to besiege the Athenians from the sea by tying together ships.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

On 9 September, the Athenians decided to attack the enemy's siege ring, but this attack too failed.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Subsequently, the morale of the Athenians collapsed completely.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

A retreat overland to some Athenian-friendly city was seen as the only possibility.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians' army marched for eight days with Syracusan cavalry all the while following on their hocks.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the slightest opportunity, the Syracusans attacked the Athenians.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Eventually, the forces led by Demosthenee and Nikia found themselves separated.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

When Demosthenee's troops were surrounded, he decided to surrender.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The troops, led by Nikia, were soon trapped on the banks of one of the rivers as they thirsty rushed there for a drink.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Demosthenee and Nikia were executed by the Syracusans, although Gylippos would have preferred to take them as prisoners to Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians who remained prisoners and their allies, of whom there were about 7000, were swamped in an abandoned stone quarry, where most also perished.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[27] [28] Ionian War The war continues in 413 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Sparta announced that they would start the war again.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Following the advice of the Athenian renegade Alikibiade, the Spartans fortified the town of Dekeleia near Athens, which, thanks to its location, prevented the Athenians from transporting food by land.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athens had to be serviced entirely by sea thereafter.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Previous Spartan invasions of Attica had lasted only a short time, but now the Spartans may have prevented Athenian farmers from returning to their farms throughout the year.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In addition, Athens was suffering from money shortages and it had lost most of its best sailors in Sicily.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Sparta was also able to block grain shipments vital to Athens from Sicily and Egypt.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Grain now entered Athens only through Hellespontos from Crimea.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, Sparta received requests for help from Athenian subjects in Ionia.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

On Euboia, Khios and Lesbos, groups dissatisfied with Athenian rule also began to rebel.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[29] Persian threat Also from the Persian landlords, namely the satraps Tissafernes and Farnabazos, arrived with emissaries to the Spartans.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Tassafernes ruled the Arch under Persian rule, as well as Lydia.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Farnabazos, in turn, ruled the Phyygia of Hellespontos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The satraps hoped that Athens would fall and that the Greek cities of Ionia would once again fall under Persian rule.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[30] The Spartans decided to help the Chhiosans because they still had their own fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, they decided to accept help from Tissaferne.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans sent their own fleet consisting of Laconians and Allied ships.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

While on its way to the Aegeian Sea, the Spartan fleet came under attack from the Athenian fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans took shelter in one of the abandoned harbours where they were surrounded by the Athenians.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The surprising adversity caused the Spartans to almost abandon their intentions to assist the Ionians.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

However, Alkibiades persuaded the Spartans to send him and five ships to incite the Ionians to revolt before word of the Spartans' defeat hurried into their ears.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Upon reaching Ionia, Alkibiades incited the Chhiosans into open revolt against Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Soon Miletos, Mytilene, Ephesus, Lesbos and several other cities also rose in revolt.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[30] In Athens, the rebellions were considered so important that it was decided to put into service the hundred ships which at the beginning of the war had been earmarked for just such a situation.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

A small fleet (46 ships) comprising was sent from Athens to quash the rebellions.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians regained Mytilene by a surprise attack.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Lesbian rebels were also soon defeated.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Subsequently, the Athenians encircled Khios and defeated their army on land.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Chhioslais fled to the shelter of their cities.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians sent yet another fleet, which enabled them to secure Samos, which became Athens' main base on the Aigeian Sea.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

When a Spartan fleet arrived, which also included Sicilian ships, the Athenians' chief did not dare to engage in battle.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The year 411 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Until the spring, the Athenian and Spartan fleets avoided battle.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[30] Coup d'état in Athens In 411 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiades left the Spartans and applied to the Persian satrap Tissaferne.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartan king Agis had reportedly learned that Alkibiades had conceived his wife.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiades easily fell out of favour at Tissaferne, and soon the Athenians received the suggestion that the Persians should start supporting them instead of the Spartans.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The aim of Alkibiade was to return to Athens in such a powerful position that his enemies would not be able to shy away at him.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Persians proposal also included a demand that Athens had to abandon democracy and move to an oligarchic form of government.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In Athens, supporters of the oligarchy decided to capture power and established a group of four hundred oligarchs who intended to rule Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

They covered up the coup by the fact that real power soon was going to be transferred to the so-called “five thousand”.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

These were citizens rich enough to equip themselves as hoplite.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Consequently, the majority of Athenian citizens who served primarily as rowers in the navy would no longer be allowed to take part in legislation and government offices.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[31] However, supporters of democracy soon rose up against the oligarchs.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The oligarchs had already appealed to the Spartans for their aid, but were defeated before the Spartans could record getting involved in the situation.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Power in Athens was initially transferred to five thousand, but after a while returned back to democracy.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, Alkibiades arrived at the Athenian fleet on Samos, where the soldiers voted him one of their chiefs.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[32] War on Hellespontos The Spartans decided to take advantage of the turmoil situation in Athens by sending a small army to Hellespontos from Miletos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Abydos and Lampsakos, who were located on the shore of Hellespontos, immediately revolted against the Athenians.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

An Athenian fleet sent to aid from Samos regained Lampsacus, but soon Byzantion, Kyzikos and Kcracdon also joined the rebellion.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the Battle of Kynossema at Hellespontos, the Spartan fleet was short of beating the Athenians, but the action of the Athenian Thrasybulos saved the situation.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

After their victory in Näkää, the Athenians recaptured Kyzikos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[33] The bigger blow to the Athenians was when the Spartan fleet invaded Euboia.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans attacked the Athenian fleet sent to aid after it was beached, and they captured 22 ships.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[34] Year 410 BC


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

in the spring, the Spartans had a fleet larger than the Athenians on Hellespontos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Due to cash shortages, the Athenians were forced to reduce their fleet, and ships were also needed elsewhere to keep mutineers in check.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The chief of the Spartan fleet, Mindaros, in cooperation with Farnabazos, decided to attack Kyzikos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians sent a fleet under Alkibiades, Theramenes and Thrasybulos to attack Kyziko.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the Battle of Kyzikos, the Athenians had their Spartan fleet thoroughly destroyed.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Subsequently, the Athenians invaded Byzantium and forced Kcracdon to pay tax.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In 409 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

only Abydos was no longer in the hands of the Spartans.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In the same year, Carthage made an invasion of Sicily, which caused the Sicilian ships who had warred as allies of the Spartans to return home.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[34] After Kyzikos, the Spartans were ready to make peace.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

For the Athenians, however, peace terms were not to their liking, and they rebuffed the Spartan proposal.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians also sent envoys to the Persian king, but they soon learned that the king had already decided to continue supporting the Spartans.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[34] Return to Alkibiade Year 407 BCE


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

in the summer Alkibiades was again able to return to Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

He was received as a hero and was chosen to lead the fleet whose task became to defeat the Spartan forces still present in Asia Minor.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The navark Lysandros, who had strong links to the Spartan royalty, had been sent to lead the Spartan fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Lysandros also found a collaborator in a new satrap sent to replace Tissaferne, Cyrus, who was the younger son of Dareios II, king of Persia.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Cyrus promised to pay the salaries of the Spartan rowers and, at the wish of Lysandros, even increased the wages even further.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

This made it easy for the Spartans to find experienced rowers for their ships.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Rowers even deserted from the Athenian fleet to join the Spartans, and soon the Athenians even had a shortage of rowers.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[35] When Alkibiade reached Ionia, he made a fatal mistake.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiades left the fleet in the custody of the inexperienced Antiochus, while he himself set out to deliver a mission.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Having reached the lead of the Grand Fleet alone, Antiokhos decided to attack the Spartan fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans led by Lysandros defeated the Athenians at the Battle of Notion.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Alkibiadeen then had to escape again from the Athenians, this time for good.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

To succeed Alkibiade, the Athenians sent eight new chiefs.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[36] In 406 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

A new navark Kallikratidas was sent to succeed Lysandros.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Under Spartan laws, a navark was only allowed to hold office for one year at a time.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Kallikratidas immediately wanted to show himself equal to Lysandros, but he was defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Arginusai, where the Spartans lost 70 ships.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

After the victory, the eight chiefs who led the Athenians left the dead and shipwrecked Athenians at the mercy of the sea.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

When word was learned of what had happened in Athens, charges were immediately brought against all eight.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The chiefs defended themselves by the fact that a storm had begun after the battle that had prevented them from rescuing all those who had fallen to the mercy of the sea.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Six chiefs were executed, including Pericle's son.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Two were able to escape but were sentenced to exile in absentia.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians soon regretted the executions, but what was done was done.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athens had, in one fell swoop, lost most of its most experienced fleet commanders.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[37] End of war Siege of Athens In 405 BCE


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Lysandros was appointed deputy head of the Spartan fleet, in reality, however, he was the real chief of the fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

With the assistance of Cyrus, she re-equipped the Spartan fleet and headed with it to Hellespontos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At the Battle of Aigospotamoi, Lysandros destroyed the Athenians fleet.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[38] After the victory at Aigospotamoi, the Spartans began to besiege Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Another of the Spartan kings, Pausanias, arrived from the Peloponnese with an army, while Agis attacked from Dekeleia.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Lysandros in turn blockaded the Athenian port city of Piraeus.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The year 404 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

in the spring Athens surrendered.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[39] [40] The consequences of the war with the surrender of Athens, the maritime alliance of Delos was officially dissolved.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Athens was forced into the Peloponnesian League, and thirty oligarchs rose to the leadership of Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans also broke down the so-called Long Walls between Athens and Piraeus.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Sparta's ally Thebes would have wanted Athens destroyed, but the Spartans did not agree to.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[41] However, the return of Athenian democracy The Athenian Democrats found a new leader in Thrasybulos.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

He assembled a small army with which he recaptured the fortress of Fyle on the border of Attica and Boiotia.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The thirty rulers of Athens tried to send an army of their own against Thrasybulo, which, however, did not get anything done.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The oligarchs' only option was to ask the Spartan army for assistance.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The year 404 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

in the end the democrats took over Piraeus and were able to easily hold it because the long walls had been broken down.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The civil war between Democrats and oligarchs continued into 403 BCE.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

until Sept.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

At that time, the Spartan king Pausanias intervened and restored democracy to Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The oligarchs were given permission to settle in Eleus and were allowed for some time to return to Athens.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[42] Sparta and Persia following the surrender of Athens, Sparta became embroiled in internal Persian disputes.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Cyrus the Younger who helped the Spartans rebelled against his brother Artaxerxes II, and a Spartan Klearkhos led Greek mercenaries during the so-called Cyrus War Expedition.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

After Cyrus was defeated, Agesilaos, the new king of Sparta, occupied territories belonging to Persia in Asia Minor.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Subsequently, the Persians began to support Athens, which rebuilt its long walls, and in 395 BCE.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

other Greek city-states started the so-called Corinthian War against Sparta.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

This war ended in Antalkida with peace whose peace terms had been dictated by the Persian king.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Intra-Greek wars had only strengthened Persia, which regained the Ionian cities.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[42] Historical Sources The Peloponnesian War of the Athenian historian Thukydides is our main source on the Peloponnesian War.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Thukydides deals with events all the way to 411 BCE.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

up to.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

About the end of the war wrote Xenofon in his Hellenica.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Comedy writer Aristofanes wrote most of his works during the war, and he refers to war in several of them.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The Athenian statesmanship purported to have been written by Aristotle also gives further details about the war.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The works of Diodoros Sicilian and Plutarchus, who lived in the Roman period, also provide further details about the Peloponnesian War, as they used sources that have later been lost.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Parts 12 and 13 of Diodoros' World History deal with war.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Among Plutarchus's writings, biographies of Pericle, Alkibiade, Lysandros and Nikia relate to the Peloponnesian War.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[43] Many other writers of antiquity also wrote about the Peloponnesian War.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Among other things, Ephoros dealt with war in his world history.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

This work is lost, but Diodoros used it as his source.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Also Theopompos wrote his own Hellenica, beginning from 411 BCE.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

This work, too, has been lost, and we only know about its contents thanks to Diodoros.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[44] Aristofanes wrote several comedies during the war.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Several of them take a stand against the war and joke at the expense of Athenian politicians.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In the Akharnese comedy, aired in 425 BC, the war-weary farmer Dikaiopolis concludes his own peace treaty with the Spartans.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In 411 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

in the written Lysistrate, Athenian women again go on a sex strike to persuade their husbands to end the war.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In 424 BC.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

shown in the Knights is Aristophane's attack on Kleon.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

A character named Demos (“the people”) appears in the knights, who owns two slaves: “Nikiaan” and “Demostheneen”.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

The slaves complain about Demos' guardian “Paphlogonian” (Kleo) behaviour towards Demo.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

[44] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Donald Kagan| title= The Peloponnesian War — Athens and Sparta in Savage Conflict 431—404 BC| publisher = Harper Perennial| year = 2003| id = ISBN 0-00-711506-7| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Philip de Souza| title= The Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC| publisher = Osprey Publishing| year = 2002| id=ISBN 1-84176-357-8| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thukydides| title = Peloponnesian War| others = Translated by J.A.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Hollo| publisher = WSOY Quality Books| year = 1995| id=ISBN 951-0-19871-4}} Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

In Project Gutenberg Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who was Kleon?

Peloponnese War

References on the topic elsewhere


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547, Alcalá de Henares — 23 April 1616, Madrid) was a Spanish writer.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

His most famous work is Don Quixote (El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha, 1605/1615).


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Don Quixote is a parody of romantic knight stories, written in a realistic style.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes's humor, ironic excerpt and the novel's abundant metafictional content have garnered plenty of admirers and imitators throughout the ages.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Don Quixote, along with Cervantes' other production, has contributed significantly to the development of the entire Western literary and fiction tradition.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In addition to Don Quixote, Cervantes' works have also been translated into the popular short story collection Educational Narratives (Novelas ejemplares, 1613) and the writer's prose plays (a selection from Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses nuevas, nunca representados, 1615).


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Early years Miguel de Cervantes was probably born in Alcalá de Henares (now part of Madrid) on Michael's Day, 29 September 1547.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel's baptismal certificate is dated October 9 in Alcalá.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

His father was originally Cordóban broker Rodrigo de Cervantes.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Little records have survived of Cervantes' mother, Leonora de Cortinas, other than his birthplace, the village of Arganda del Rey (in the area of present-day Madrid).


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Debate has flowed over Cervantes' lineage since Américo Castro, a cultural historian and literary scholar, suggested in the 1920s that Cervantes might be of Jewish convert descent.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The question of Cervantes' possible “neo-Christian” ancestry remains unresolved.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Six children were born into the Cervantes family besides Miguel, Andrés (1542—1543), who died young, Andrea (1544—1609), Luisa (1546, died in the 1620s, Carmelite nun and later abbess of a convent), Rodrigo (1550—1600, surrendered like his brother to a military career), Magdalena (1553—1611), and Juan (n..


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

1555, year of death unknown).


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Around the year 1551 Rodrigo and his family moved to Valladolid, where he was subsequently imprisoned for unpaid debts and the family property was confiscated.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In 1556 Rodrigo travelled to Cordóba to retrieve the inheritance left by his father.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

It is not known if any of the family members followed along.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

There are no very accurate records of Miguel's schooling, but it is believed that during his time he studied at a Jesuit school in Valladolid, Cordóba or possibly Seville.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Instead, claims about Cervantes' subsequent university studies at Salamanca are no longer considered accurate.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In 1566, Miguel settled in Madrid, where he studied under the renowned humanist Juan López de Hoyos.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In 1567 Cervantes published his first known poem Serenissima reina in honor of the birth of Princess Catalina.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In 1569, Hóyos published a book commemorating the death of Philip II's third wife with four poems written by Miguel.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Around the same time, Cervantes also became interested in theatre, as he himself recounts in the Preface to the Intermediate Shows.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Journey to Italy, Battle of Lepanto In 1569 Cervantes unexpectedly interrupted his studies and travelled to Italy, where he placed himself in the service of the clergyman Giulio Aqcuaviva as his chamberlain.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

An arrest warrant for Miguel de Cervantes has survived from the same year, accusing a suspect of wounding an Antonio de Sigura in a duel.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Duels were forbidden at the time, though little enforcement of the law.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

This would explain Miguel's sudden unpredictable departure, although it is impossible to prove that the arrest warrant means precisely him.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Tourism to Italy by young Spaniards was very common at that time.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes's infatuation with the legacy of the ancient Roman and Italian Renaissance, expressed in many of his works (for example in the short story Licentiate Lasine or Persiles y Sigismunda), probably dates back to this period at the latest.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In the service of Aqcuaviva, Cervantes toured Italy for a year, but resigned from the service of his master, who was appointed cardinal, as early as 1570, and enlisted in Naples as a marine in the Spanish Navy, where he served for the next five years.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

For active duty, Cervantes entered the following year, and on 7 October she participated in the naval Battle of Lepanto on the galley Marquesa.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

At the start of the battle, Miguel was at a high fever, but he defied orders and, despite his weak condition, joined the battle on the ship's deck.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

He suffered three gunshot wounds which resulted in his left arm being permanently paralyzed.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

For the rest of his life, Cervantes was proud of his participation in a battle which he saw as a watershed throughout European history.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

After the Battle of Lepanto, Cervantes was hospitalised in Naples for six months and subsequently returned to the ranks of the fleet.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In the following years he took part in numerous naval combat expeditions and lived during intermediate periods in Naples.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Back in September 1575, Miguel embarked on a return voyage to Spain together with his brother Rodrigo on the galley Sol sailing to Barcelona.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Captive in Algeria, however, Miguel and Rodrigo's return journey ended briefly when North African Muslim pirates attacked the ship and took crew members hostage.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes had letters of recommendation with him from high quarters.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

They allowed the pirates to conclude that he was an important person, and so a very high 500 gold escudos were set to ransom Cervantes.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The Cervantes were unable to pay the ransom demanded for Miguel and Rodrigo.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes spent the next five years as a slave in Algiers.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

He orchestrated four attempts of mass escape in all, but each of them failed; Cervantes took the blame on his own to save his fellow prisoners from harsh punishments.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Despite prison sentences and torture, Cervantes continued his attempts at release throughout his imprisonment.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In 1577, Leonora de Cortinas tried to buy her sons free with the money he had received, but the robbers did not agree to release both brothers for just under sum.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel decided the matter in favour of his younger brother, and Rodrigo was able to return to Spain after two years of imprisonment.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In May 1580, Trinitarian monk Juan Gil finally managed to redeem Cervantes free with 300 escudos collected by his brotherhood, to which, thanks to a quick collection carried out among Christian merchants in Algiers, the missing two hundred were added.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The rescue took place at the last minute, as Cervantes, convicted of his latest escape attempt, was about to be transferred to Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, into slavery.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

La Galatea and early plays In October 1580 Cervantes finally returned to Spain.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The following year, as chargé d'affaires appointed by the king, he took part in a secret mission from newly annexed Portugal to Oran from Portugal annexed to Spain.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Upon completion of the mission, he begged 1582 posts from the colonies of the “New India”.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The plea was rejected and Cervantes transferred back to Madrid.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

While in Madrid, Cervantes had an affair with married actress Ana Franca de Rojas.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

From the relationship, Cervantes's only daughter Isabel de Saavedra was born in 1584.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes recognised the daughter as her own and after Ana Franca died in 1599, Isabel moved in with her father to live.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In December 1584, Cervantes unexpectedly married Catalina de Salazar y Palacios, a resident of Esquivias.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The bride was only 19 years old, and her dowry was not mentionable.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

No children were born from the marriage, and it is not believed to have been very happy.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The couple moved apart after only a couple of years of marriage, and Cervantes never refers to his wife in his autobiographical texts.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In the common household, Cervantes settled with his wife again only in the early years of the 17th century.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes' first major work La Galatea appeared in Madrid in 1585.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Named after its inaccessible female protagonist, Galatea was a fashionable shepherd novel in style.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The aesthetically prissy, idealised “shepherd characters” in a paradise-like setting and contemplating the problems of love, the pastoral idyll was not, in retrospect, Cervantes's own domain, although he does try to bring some realism and humour to the genre.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Galatea's story remains unfinished at the end of the sixth book of the first part.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In his final years, Cervantes promised a sequel time and time again to his mesenate of Galatea to his mesenate, Count of Lemos, in the prefaces of his works, but probably he himself did not take the idea very seriously anymore.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In the early years of the 1580s, Cervantes wrote numerous plays and briefly enjoyed popularity as a playwright.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

However, there was no sufficient source of income from plays and, like many other early playwrights, Cervantes was soon overshadowed by Lope de Vega's new kind of theatrical aesthetics.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

From the plays of the period to our days, only two copies have been preserved as manuscripts.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Successful in its own time and appreciated by posterity, the four-act historical tragedy La Numancia tells the story of the inhabitants of the Celtic city of Numantia, which was besieged by Roman soldiers.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The play contains plenty of mythical ingredients.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Los tratos de Argel (a custom description of Algiers) is a tableau based on Cervantes' own experiences of the lives and fates of Christian prisoners in Algiers.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Andalusia, the birth stages of Don Quixote after Cervantes and Catalina de Salazar moved apart, Miguel travelled to Andalusia, where for the most part he spent the next 20 years of incessant movement in small state circles, first as fundraiser for the Invincible Armada and since then as a tax collector.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In the intervening times, Cervantes stayed mainly in Seville, which was then Spain's largest and busiest city thanks to the colonial affairs administration and the terminal port for liner ships located there.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes was bankrupted, sentenced to a church curse, and reportedly imprisoned on at least two occasions (1597 and 1602) for obscure accounts and burglary.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

While serving his sentence in the Argamasilla de Alba prison in La Mancha, Cervantes had the idea of writing Don Quixote.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The original idea for the work comes from a small folk booklet called Entremes de los Romances, in which reading romances confuses a countryman's head.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

However, the national and international success of Don Quixote was made by Cervantes's artistic solutions, such as multidimensional humour, the conflict between true and fantasy, the depiction of everyday events and people, and the introduction of everyday language and various slangs into fiction.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The last years of Don Quixote's first volume appeared in 1605, and the following year Cervantes returned to Madrid, where he spent the rest of his life living in the same household with his wife, daughter and two unmarried sisters.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes' financial standing did not say improve in his final years, despite the wide popularity of his later works.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes had been forced to sell the cost rights of his works for lump sums to book printers.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In 1609, Cervantes joined, according to the custom of the time, as a lay brother to the Brotherhood of Slaves of the Holy Sacrament of Olivar (la Congregación de los Esclavos del Santísimo Sacramento del Olivar).


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Don Quixote also achieved great popularity outside Spain as the work began, shortly after its appearance, to spread throughout Europe in numerous translations.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The earliest known translation is Pekka Ikonen's abbreviation Don Quixote de la Mancha, meaning knight of the infamous form of knighthood from 1877.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Aleksis Kivi, who greatly admired Cervantes, became acquainted with the work as a Swedish translation in due course.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

A classic complete translation by J. A. Hollo appeared in 1927—1928.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

A new Finnish translation by Jyrki Lappi-Seppälä appeared in 2013.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Instructive narratives In 1613, Cervantes published a collection of twelve short stories, drawing on almost all genres of his time, Novelas ejemplares (Finnish. instructive narratives), which has had a great influence on later novel literature as well as short story art.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The work is widely regarded as Cervantes' most significant since Don Quixote, and it has been said that Cervantes alone would have given its name to literary history.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Instructive narratives, alongside short farces in the collection of Don Quixote and Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses, have maintained their popularity all the way to this day.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Translations of instructive narratives into foreign languages began to be published soon after the work appeared.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

New translations are still steadily popping up across the globe.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Walter Streng-Renkonen's collection of four short stories Short Stories appeared in 1936.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Arto Rintala's complete translation, at the same time the first translation of the entire work by an individual, appeared in 2007.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Viaje del Parnaso In 1614, Cervantes's most ambitious attempt in the area of lyric appeared, an allegorical poetry by Viaje del Parnaso (A Journey to Parnasso) benevolently critiquing the literature of his own time, containing a wealth of autobiographical material.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Along with a few more well-known sonnets, such as the satirical Al Túmulo del Rey Felipe en Sevilla (“To the Tomb of King Philip in Seville”) or Celos (“Jealousy”), revered by the writer himself, Viaje del Parnaso is the most significant of Cervantes' poetry texts, though not in Cervantes' poetry is not universally considered to rise to the same level with his prose.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Don Quixote II, the sequel to Don Quixote, hidden behind the pseudonym Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses nuevas Alonso Fernández de Avellenada pseudonym caused Cervantes to hurry to write his own work, and the long-awaited second volume finally appeared in 1615 .


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In the same year, Cervantes' collection of new plays, Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses nuevas, appeared, containing eight long, poetic plays (comedias) and eight short farces written in prose form, from intermediate acts (entremeses) to be performed with breaks from long plays.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

None of the plays had been performed before the book was published, but medium shows based especially on perceptive observation and verbal fireworks later became very popular and continue to be performed.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Translated by Arto Rintala, the Finnish selection of Intermediate Shows (2011) includes all eight of the instruments in the collection and the foreword of Cervantes examining the early Spanish theatrical history.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes' longer plays have been left with relatively little attention since later.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Worth mentioning, however, is, for example, the long comedy Pedro de Urdemalas (Pahanilky Pedro), whose protagonist, a rogue-like gypsy boy, tricks unsuspecting people in many different roles, and decides at the end of the song to become an actor.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda Cervantes himself considered his main work on the tradition of the philosophical adventure and love novel of late antiquity, and from Olaus Magnus and Saxo Grammaticus' descriptions of northern Europe to draw his final novel Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda — history setentrional (delusions of Persiles and Sigismunda.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

A story from the lands of the north.).


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In the 17th and 18th centuries Cervantes' last novel was very popular and is considered one of the most important paragons of the “Heroic novel” which was in vogue at the time.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Combining fantasy and realism, Persiles y Sigismunda tells the story of the journey of the heirs to the throne of the two northern kingdoms through Europe to Rome, where they are due to enter marriage as papal consecrations.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

The main plot combines a large number of short side stories about the people and cases the lovers encounter along the way.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In later centuries, the work has been subjected to less attention and has not been studied in great depth.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes wrote the famous preface to Persiles y Sigismunda on his deathbed, and Catalina de Salazar published the work posthumously in 1617.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Cervantes made a monk promise in his final days and was buried in a Franciscan Brother robe in a Trinitarian monastery in Madrid, which was thoroughly renovated later in the 17th century, where the bodies of the deceased have been mixed and unrecognisable due to early relocation in the renovations.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

A project to find Cervantes's bones is a project set up in 2011, behind which are the Royal Spanish Academy of Languages, the Royal Academy of History and the Archbishop of Madrid.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

A sum of €100000 has been earmarked for the project and is scheduled to be completed in 2016, marking 400 years since Cervantes' death.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

[1] Cervantes' body was identified in spring 2015 and buried with official expenditure in June in the same church where the body had previously been buried.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

[2] Cervantes and Shakespeare's death times coincided with the same date.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

At that time, the Gregorian calendar was already in use in Spain, but in England the Julian calendar was still followed.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

According to the Gregorian calendar, Shakespeare died on 3 May.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

In honor of the coincidence, UNESCO declared 23 April to be International Book and Copyright Day (World Book and Copyright Day; see also Book and Rose Day).


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Named after Cervantes, the Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes [3] is the world's most extensive database of Spanish-language literature and historical works.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Works La Galatea (1585, shepherd novel) Don Quixote I (1605, novel) Educational narratives (1613, short story collection) El viaje del Parnaso (1614, poem) Don Quixote II (1615, novel) Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses - partial English. Intermediate shows (1615, collection of plays) Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (1617, novel, appeared after Cervantes's death) Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de| title = Don Quixote| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2013| version = (El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha, 1605/1615.)


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Translated by Jyrki Lappi-Seppälä.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Poems interpreted by Jukka Koskelainen.| id = ISBN 978-951-0-34901-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de| title = Mind hidalgo Don Quixote manchalainen| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = (El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha, 1605/1615.)


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Translated by J. A. Hollo (1st edition 1927—1928).


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Poems composed by Yrjö Jylhä.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Illustrated by Gustave Doré.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Title on back and cover: Don Quixote| id = ISBN 951-0-30302-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de| title = Educational narratives| location = Turku| publisher = Faros-cost| year = 2008| version = (Novelas ejlares, in 1613.)


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Translation and explanations: Arto Rintala.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Foreword: Liisa Saariluoma.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

2. corrected edition| id = ISBN 978-952-5710-06-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de| title = Spaces| location = Turku| publisher = Faros cost| year = 2011| version = (A selection of Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses nuevas, nunca representados, 1615.)


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Translation, explanations and preface: Arto Rintala| id = ISBN 978-952-5710-17-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bloom, Harold (ed.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

) | title = Miguel de Cervantes (Modern Critical Views) | publisher = Chelsea House| year = 2005| id = ISBN 0-7910-8138-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Canavaggio, Jean| title = Cervantes| publisher = Espasa-Calpe| year = 2004| id = ISBN 84-670-0407-0407-0407-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cascardi, Anthony J.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

(ed.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

) | title = The Cambridge companion to Cervantes| location = Cambridge| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2002| id = ISBN 0-521-66321-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = El Saffar, Ruth S.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

(ed.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

) | title= Critical essays on Cervantes| location = Boston| publisher = Grant & Cutler| year = 1986| id = ISBN 072930020X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = González de Amezua y Mayo, Agustín| title = Cervantes creador de la novela corta española, 2203 ª edición| location = Madrid| publisher = España Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas| year = 2001| id = ISBN 84-00-05227-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rey Hazas, Antonio y Sevilla Arroyo, Florencio| title = Cervantes: vida y literatura| location = Madrid| publisher = Ayuntamiento de Madrid| year = 1996| id = ISBN 84-206-4668-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saariluoma, Liisa| title = Changing novel| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = Karisto| year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-23-2634-5}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Tarkiainen, Cereal| title = Cervantes| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1918}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tuulio, Pacific| title = History of Spanish Literature | publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1983| id = ISBN 951-662-330-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sentry, Pekka| title= History of Western literature| publisher = BTJ-cost| year = 2009| id=ISBN 9789516927216}} Network En} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra die?

Miguel de Cervantes

References on the subject elsewhere Free to download Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ebooks and Category:Spanish writers Category:Spanish playwrights Category:Those born in 1547 Category:Persons who died in 1616 Category:Key to screening Articles


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy (“mind therapy”) is a form of treatment for mental disorders in which the needy and helper, or psychotherapist, deal with thorny issues and the resulting mental difficulties through discussion.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In conversation, mental difficulties are treated with the help of psychology, that is, science that studies the mind.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, if necessary, can include exercises in which it is intended to identify and change the modes of action.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

[1] [2] Psychotherapy may be to eliminate mental symptom, mitigate symptom, improve mental capacities, modify personality traits to become more functional, support mental growth and development, or increase the person's capacity to solve their problems themselves.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Patients can be assigned homework.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

As an aid to psychotherapy, for example, play equipment in children, music, literature or other material can be used.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Forms of psychotherapy Psychotherapy techniques and trends abound in the world.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Most forms of psychotherapy are inventions of people originally private in origin and theoretical background, although their roots, as a rule, lie through teacher-analyst relationships in the psychoanalytic means developed by the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The methods have then subsequently been scientifically researched and sought to introduce treatment methods that are also effective and effective on the basis of research data.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Only a few of them have been able to prove effective by science criteria.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapies are among the most studied, but follow-up times for studies have been very short - from a few weeks to half a year.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In the most comprehensive study to date, psychoanalysis was found to be the most impressive method (Helsinki Psychotherapy Study 2010) [3].


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Choosing the direction and method of psychotherapy should take into account the suitability to treat the patient's disorder.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

For example, psychotherapy for neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD, autism, and asperger syndrome is usually hardly helpful (Brummer 2005), but psychotherapy can be used to treat comorbids (lithopedic symptoms).


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy should always be applied in accordance with the needs of the patient.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Different schools of psychology often have their own forms of therapy, such as psychoanalysis, cognitive psychotherapy, character therapy, group therapy, and family therapy, and the traits of psychotherapy may also vary depending on the therapist.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The duration of therapy ranges from a few visits to years of close contact.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapies are predominantly outpatient therapies, but are also applied in inpatient settings and are often combined with drug therapy as well.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In individual therapy, the conversation, as its name suggests, is focused on the individual, and only the therapist and the patient are present in the conversation.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In group therapy, the conversation takes place among people with problems in a group (for example, peer support groups), but usually a psychotherapist is also present.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Family therapy can be attended by the whole family.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In this case, the therapist or treatment team simultaneously manages one or more family members, sometimes including a wider interpersonal network.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Crisis therapy is given when it is necessary to quickly overcome sudden problems, for example, to accident victims and relatives of victims.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

It can be both individual and group therapy.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Also, the means of family therapy can be used in crisis work.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Client-centered therapy American psychologist Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

By using the designation client he wanted to avoid putting patient and therapist into preset roles.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In his treatments, Rogers wanted to divert attention from digging into the past to the client's attitudes, the present and its problems.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

He did not want to be an expert interpreting the symptoms of being treated, instead setting himself up as an equal collaborator with the client.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

He assumed clients were themselves the best experts in their own lives, with the ability and willingness to steer their lives in a better direction, as long as only obstacles to internal growth can be reduced.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Rogers believes that the impediment to growth is a false self-perception and, in particular, the conflict between what the customer would like to be (as ideals) and what he thinks they are (in real terms).


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The therapist's job is to help the client get real contact with themselves, especially their feelings.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The most essential way of working to achieve it is a therapeutic atmosphere in which the client can perceive themselves as meaningful and valuable.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The key factors in creating this atmosphere are compassion, warmth and acceptance of the client without any conditions.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The customer-centric therapy situation thus differs from the experiences on which the client has built a skewed self-perception on what he or she has thought others in him would appreciate and accept.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Thus, the therapy situation in itself initiates a process in which the client gradually develops into his own self-therapist.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The therapist's empathetic posturing helps the client gain contact with his emotions and dress them into words, thus becoming more aware of the kinds of things he wants to accomplish in his life.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The therapist does not have to be neutral and reticent, a figure nestled behind a professional facade.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

On the contrary, the therapist himself can be a model of genuine and open self-expression and thus encourage the client to act in the same way.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Behaviorist therapies Behaviorist methods aim to influence directly at the level of behavior: that a person is able to change something in the way he does, affects his feelings and, before long, his internal models (self-perception and worldview) in Behavioristic behavioral therapies examine the consequences of the activity: what preceding situations or external and internal stimuli, and what amplifying or extinguishing consequences are associated with disruptive behavior, for example anxiety and psychoticism.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

On the basis of such a behavioral analysis, it is possible then to design a treatment program aimed at increasing adaptation.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Behavioristic work practices have been successfully treated e.g.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

insomnia, pain, alcohol problems, exhaustion and diseases in which self-control plays a key role.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Most of all, however, they have been used for anxiety and to reduce tension.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In therapy, an individual can learn to react to the object they fear in a new psychophysiological way if they approach the subject progressively, either in mental images or in reality, in a relaxed state or in safe contact.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The advantage of therapy is that the patient at the same time learns a method that he can apply in self-medication, and the therapy does not have to last long.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Character Therapy Character Therapy, or Gestalt Therapy (Gestalt is German and refers to an integrated entity), was developed by American psychoanalyst Fritz Perlsia.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Character therapy, like other humanistic therapies, focuses on increasing self-insight through the situation here and now—through the situation.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

It too emphasises the patient's own responsibility as the inventor of his insights, and so the therapist seeks to arrange for the patient such dramatized or direct encounters in which he is confronted with emotions, thoughts and other instigations.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Character therapy focuses on expanding the area of consciousness associated with the present.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

According to it, the past also exists mainly through reminders returned in the present and explanations of the past; the future exists through anticipations in the present.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Also, character therapy sees man as a creature that develops throughout his life mentally.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Mental disorder interrupts this growth event.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Especially many emotional tasks left unfinished, such as dealing with feelings of love or anger, narrow the area of consciousness.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Unprocessed and dammed emotions serve as life-stiffening armor.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Character therapy uses active functional working practices in which the patient is confronted with their consciousness facets isolated by means of defense mechanisms, for example.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Cognitive Psychotherapy Cognitive psychotherapy studies and treatment of disruption-producing data structures and related emotional experiences that have developed over life history.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

People's handling of information is always error-prone.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The more erroneous people's interpretations and conclusions in reality are, the more he suffers from emotional disorders.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In cognitive therapy, the patient and therapist examine the patient's mental images and thoughts about themselves and their surroundings.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Some of the thought processes are automated due to constant repetition.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Therapy moves from recognizing these automated thoughts to progressively trying to realize the associated deep core beliefs that produce disturbing emotions.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The deeper one progresses in this self-breakdown, the more meaningful core experiences can be identified.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Therapy can be started from situations described by the patient in which he has experienced strong emotions.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The therapist directs the patient's attention to observations, emotions and other reactions, as well as thoughts that grin during the situation through questions.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Bringing about deep and lasting change requires the patient to test firsthand their beliefs, their realness and rationality, accepting or rejecting them, and replacing those rejected with the most workable beliefs.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The patient's self-structure affects the duration and progression of therapy.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

If disruptive schemes are in the outer layers of the self-structure, therapy does not have to last very long, for example, for a few months, if the disturbed schemes are in the core area of the self-structure, then it will require long work to become aware and change them.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

With the advent of psychotherapeutic work, a new way of thinking, feeling and directing aspirations is being shaped.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The individual adopts a new, more appropriate way of looking at themselves, their environment and the relationships between them.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Logotherapy Logotherapy is a therapy trend started by Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Franklin in which a person is considered an ever-self-seeking creature as in other humanistic psychotherapies.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

He is of the opinion that a person can survive even in difficult conditions if his life has a clear purpose.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

At times, such a purpose may be hard to find, which can lead to boredom, indifference and general dissatisfaction.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Logotherapy involves helping the client find new alternatives to existential emptiness.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

A key function of therapy is to broaden the client's perspective, for example by discussing the patient's future and his or her potential to make their own choices and increase their own responsibility in guiding their life.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Logotherapy also treats symptoms by directly influencing behavior.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

For example, the patient is taught how to get rid of harmful self-observation and focus their attention elsewhere.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

When the patient is symptomatic, it is precisely those attitudes that are being sought to change into his consciousness.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In therapy, the patient learns to recognize their own modes of action, making it easier for him to find new means of coping.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is a revealing psychotherapy developed by the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The goal of therapy is to increase a person's self-awareness by making mental conflicts aware, thus helping them to accept their personality as a whole.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Mental symptoms mitigate as the analysis progresses and eventually become redundant.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The specialty area of psychoanalysis has been neurotic disorders.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

It assumes that neuroses are caused by early interaction disorders, traumas, conflicting feelings and desires, and rebuffed (childhood) experiences.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The goal of treatment is to make the patient aware of the experiences that the patient rejects so that they are able to accept them and learn to live with them, with the psychological resources of an adult.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

For congenital neurological disorders such as autism, on the other hand, it has not been found to be helpful.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Transference, or emotion transfer, is a key method of acquiring information in psychoanalysis when searching for rejected childhood experiences.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The patient unnoticeably attaches certain emotional charges to his analyst and considers him, for example, cheerful, loving, angry, etc.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In the early stages, the analyst allows the transference to leisurely develop into transference neosis.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

This means that the patient transfers distorted perceptions of themselves and others into this relationship as well when placing the therapist in different roles, such as, e.g., in the place of mother, father or partner, and reproducing the feelings and behavior directed towards them in relation to the therapist.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

During the analysis process, the analyst, in collaboration with the patient, examines the inner world of this.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The patient freely tells his whim, that is, tells everything that comes to mind at that moment, and the analyst listens, asks for further clarification and pays attention to the patient's resistance.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Resistance refers to the patient's unwillingness to tell about certain things.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In the model of psychoanalysis prevalent in America, the ananalyst seeks to prove the existence of resistance, but this method does not belong to classical psychoanalysis.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

As the analysis passes, the analyst notices that the patient is systematically trying to ignore certain themes.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Resistance tells about the functioning of the patient's defense mechanisms, because the patient does not want to become aware of unpleasant things, and not to abandon them.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The reluctance to give up symptoms and identify as well as acknowledge the rebuffed stems from a function of ego: giving up would be followed by a new and unknown - change - that is perceived as frightening.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The culmination of psychoanalytic therapy is in the dissolution of transferential neurosis.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

A key tool in this work is interpretation.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

The analyst does not offer or induce interpretations to the patient but, at an appropriate pace, endeavours to make the patient aware of problems and make him self-aware of the causal connections.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Insight always improves the patient's ability to function, although it may not always be desired.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In psychoanalysis, the rule applies that it is better to be conscious than unaware.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Solution-centered psychotherapy Solution-centered psychotherapists support the client to move forward in life with the idea: “because the past cannot be changed, one must focus on the present and the future.”


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

A positive vision for the future and the setting of goals is seen as essential in the solution-oriented trend.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Problems are aimed at solving with customers in cooperation e.g.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

finding new solutions to replace inconclusive solution models.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

Solution-oriented, or resource-oriented psychotherapy, is suitable for a wide range of situations, for different groups of clients, or can be implemented in different forms.


Question: What is Behaviorist Therapy?

Psychotherapy

In time, it can be short or longterm.