Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

German architect Werner Thiede arrived in Tankavaara in late summer 1936 and applied for the claim with the help of his lawyer from Helsinki.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In addition to Bolide and Thiede, the same areas were also interested in the Finnish adventurers Otto Ville Itkonen and Erik Mattson, who were granted 20 claims by the Ministry of Trade and Industry at the end.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

One of them was located on the Hopia Oyah and the remaining 19 in Elk Fluopio, where Boliden had previously excavated gold.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

At the same time, the men established Tankavaara Oy for their activities.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[10] In Tankavaara, gold was also found in moraine and not only in gravel or sand in the Ivalo River.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In addition, an abundance of the black iron mineral hematite was found in the area, with a concentration of about a gram of gold per ton.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[1] The largest nugget excavated from Tankavaara was discovered in 1950.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

It was 183 grams in size.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[11] Action in the war years following a decision by the Ministry of Trade and Industry in 1937, Werner Thiede exhausted all legal means of obtaining claims for himself and continued gold prospecting at Tankavaara despite the takeovers granted to Itkonen and Mattson.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

The action led to disputes and even fights, culminating in the summer of 1939 with Thiede's arrest and expulsion.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

He had had time to transfer his claims to the Helsinki-based architect Ragnar Kruskopf, but they were transferred to Itkonen and Mattson's control.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[10] During the war years, disputes in Tankavaara continued as numerous new diggers arrived, such as Reino Lehtinen, who started the excavation in Thiede's old takeovers, Kullervo Korhonen from Helsinki, and Max Peronius, who had already been active in Lapland since 1927.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Werner Thiede, on the other hand, was in wartime service with the Nazi German army in northern Norway, from where in the summer of 1944 he relocated to Tankavaara as the Germans were building the Schutzwall defence line on the site.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

As the German forces later withdrew, Thiede made sure that all buildings, takeovers and sites owned by Itkonen were blown up.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

The flat he built himself on the site, on the other hand, is still standing.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[10] After the war years, excavation activity in Tankavaara continued to be lively.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Due to the war material left by the Germans in the area, accidents were also caused, for example, Max Peronius was killed on the Hopia River in August 1946 when an anti-tank mine exploded.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Between 1948 and 1949, the Geological Survey carried out field surveys in Vuoso and Tankavaara, and on the initiative of Professor Esa Hyypä, a large area of the Tankavaara environment was taken into state control by Government decision in 1950.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Subsequently, research activities were carried out solely at Tankavaara for almost the entire 1950s.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

At the end of the next decade, old Lemmenjoki gold-digging veterans Yrjö Korhonen and Niilo Raumala launched tourist activities in the hushed Tankavaara.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In the summer of 1970, a gold laundering plant was opened for tourists, giving rise to the Tankavaara Tourism and Museum Centre.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Today, in addition to restaurant and accommodation services, the Gold Museum is located in the area.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[10] Gold Rush of Lemmenjoki 1945 Gold History of Lemmenjoki Gold in the Lemmenjoki River in Inari was first searched for gold as early as the Ivalojoki gold rush in 1870, when Johan Tallgren, a businessman from Helsinki, among others, had an exploration licence for the area.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[12] The next scramble was seen in 1902, when 65 claims were made to the River Lemmen.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

However, no significant quantities of gold were found until the autumn of 1945, after which the actual Lemmenjoki gold rush began.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[1] The gold of the Lemmenjoki was discovered by brothers Uula, Veikko and Niilo Ranttila who lived along the Inari river, who managed to collect about 30 grams of gold nuggets over a few days.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

At its busiest, the gold rush at Lemmenjoki was in 1949—1951, after which it faded rapidly.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[12] At best, there were about a hundred prospectors at the site, with a common catch of several tens of kilograms of gold.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[1] One claim encompassed an area of 150×600 metres.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Under the Mines Act 1932, the takeover was only valid for three years, after which it was turned into a mining district.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

At the same time, the levy levied by the state multiplied, causing gold prospectors to generally drop their claim after three years.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[13] The gold digging of the River Lemmen did not actually take place from the Lemmen River, but from its numerous small side streams that rise up to the fells.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[13] The most famous of them is Morgamoja, on which gold prospectors Heikki Kokko, Jukka Pellinen, Jaakko Isola and Kullervo Korhonen built the so-called Morgamin Kultala, or Pellish's flat in 1949.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

It became a base for gold prospectors, with activities such as a post office, shop and cafeteria.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In the same summer, the Lapland Gold Digger Federation was also established at the site.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[14] There was an airfield built for small aircraft at the top of the nearby Lichen Head Fell, through which the maintenance of gold prospectors was carried out.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[13] In 1951 Kullervo Korhonen was the first to start mechanized mining in Lemmenjoki, but due to the collapse of the world gold price, the experiment was short-lived.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Subsequently, there were a few gold prospectors in the area through the 1950s—1960s, but activity did not take a second look until the early 1970s, when machine digging got off the ground again.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In 1956, Lemmenjoki National Park was established, to which gold prospectors' territories were also annexed from the sloping a year later.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[9] Current situation Gold mining continues on the Lemmenjoki River, instead of Morgamoja, the new central place has been the Miessijoki River, in which mechanized gold mining is concentrated.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

The farm at Pellinen has a deserted home of Metsähallitus.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In 2013, there were about fifty takeovers or mining districts and two dozen active prospectors in the area.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[14] Their average annual catch is just over 20 kilograms of gold.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[9] In connection with the reform of the Mining Act 2011, mechanized gold mining was decided to ban mechanized gold mining after a ten-year grace period in 2021.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

The excavation may then be done by hand and with permits valid for up to four years.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[14] Kullervo Korhonen mining district on Lemmenjoki in 1951.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Korhonen Åkerman 220 excavator in his work.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Gold digger Pentti Harinen's cottage on Lemmenjoki.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Heritage Social significance Thanks to the gold rush of the Ivalo River, a previously unknown wilderness area rose to the consciousness of the entire Grand Duchy.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

At the same time, the overall picture of Lapland also became clearer, when accurate surveying of the entire province was started due to gold exploration.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In the spring of 1870, surveyor Petter Wilhelm Aurén was commanded to survey the keeper of Inari and the valley of the Ivalo River.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Kullanmining also started geological mapping of Finland when Anders Mauritz Jernström carried out extensive field surveys in Lapland and drew up the first geological map of the country in 1874.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

At the turn of the century, the gold company Prospektor published highly detailed maps of the northern part of Sodankylä, Laanila and Saariselka.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In turn, the alignment of the current Highway 4 is based on a cart road built by the company in the early 20th century that ran from Sodankylä to Ivalo south of Vuosso.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

In the early 1920s, August Ramsay, chairman of the Prospector's Board of Trustees, started tourist activities in Lapland and Petsamo to obtain compensation for losses caused by gold mining that proved unproductive.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Mining companies drawn from Inari also left behind a large number of different roads, bridges' and buildings, as did new inhabitants.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[5] Culture The gold rush in Lapland also left their mark on Finnish culture.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Literature is represented by the production of the wilderness writer Arvo Ruonaniemi [15] and in his paintings Lapland gold digging has been illustrated by Andreas Alariesto, a naivist from Sompio in Sodankylä.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[5] The best known films are Jorma Nortimo directed by Jorma Nortimo in the Rovaniemi market (1951) and Åke Lindman's The Sparkle of Lapland Gold (1999).


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

The former is set at the turn of the 1940s-1950s and the latter tells of the events of the 1870s gold rush in Ivalojoki.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[16] [17] The storylines of the Villi Pohjola series directed by Aarne Tarkas and the comedy Kummeli Kultafever, completed in 1997, relate to the hunt for gold in Lapland.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

[18] [19] See also List of Lapland gold prospectors Fell gold Sources On the topic elsewhere a site focused on the Lapland gold digging and its history.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Check date values in: |date= (help) Literature Stigzelius, Herman: Gold Rush: History of Lapland Gold, Finnish Tourism Association, Helsinki, 1986.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

ISBN 951-83803-1-7.


Question: Why was gold found in Lapland?

Lapland gold rush

Category:92.1 History of Finland Category:Gold Births Category:Inari Category:Sodankylä Gold Births Category:Finnish economic history


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly NES, from p.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

name Nintendo Family Computer (), commonly Famicom ()) is an 8-bit video game console developed by Nintendo and originally published in 1983.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The game console was released in 1985 in North America and 1987 in Europe.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The game console sold over 60 million copies worldwide, [1] and it helped bring back to life the video game market that collapsed in the United States as a result of the 1983 video game recession.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[2] [3] The NES set the standard for then-current game consoles ranging from game design (the first modern platformer Super Mario Bros.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

was the device's first major success) up to its business solutions.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo officially supported until 1995 and still manufactured it in Japan until 2003.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In 2016, Nintendo re-released the NES game console as a mini version under the name Nintendo Classic Mini.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[4] History Following Nintendo's success in slot games in the early 1980s, the company planned to develop a gaming console whose games would be with interchangeable modules.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

This feature was missing from Nintendo's earlier Color TV Game consoles.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Masayuki Uemura was responsible for the design of the new console, and the device was released in Japan on June 15, 1983 at a cost of 14,800 yen.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Upon release, three slot game translations were released for the device, namely Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr., and Popeye.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Nintendo Family Computer slowly gained popularity: during its first year, it was criticized as unreliable, being prone to programming errors and constant solidification.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

For this reason, unsold devices were pulled from sale and their faulty motherboard replaced.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Popularity grew, and by the end of 1984 the Famicom became the best-selling game console in Japan.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

With the success, Nintendo aimed its sights on the North American market.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo entered negotiations with Atari for the release of the Famicom overseas under the name “Nintendo Enhanced Video System”.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

However, the deal tapered off, and Atari decided to focus on its upcoming 8-bit Atari 7800 console.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[5] The next, also unsuccessful plan was to release the device under the name “Nintendo Advanced Video System”; the modified Famicom would have included, among other things, a wireless gamepad, a keyboard, and a BASIC programming tool.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Finally, in June 1985, Nintendo unveiled the US version of the Famicom at the Consumer Electronics Show.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The appearance of the device had been completely changed and the name had changed to Nintendo Entertainment System.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES proved to be a similar success product in the United States as it did in Japan and played a large part in the revival of the US video game industry.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Initially, the device was released in October 1985 in New York City with a power of only 50,000 units; with success, a nationwide release dawned in 1986.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Upon release, 18 release games entered the market simultaneously: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Donkey Kong Jr.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Math, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan's Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Mach Rider, Pinball, Stack-Up, Super Mario Bros., Tennis, Wild Gunman, and Wrecking Crew.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Until the end of the decade, Nintendo was the market leader in the US and Japanese markets and the company's games broke sales records.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

However, the console did not achieve similar popularity in the rest of the western world.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In Europe and Australia, the NES was released in two marketing regions A and B. Region B distribution was handled by several companies, with Nintendo handling the release of most of its games; most countries in the region gained the NES to market in 1986.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Mattel handled the distribution of the device in Region A, but not until the following year from the release of Region B.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

It was not until 1990 that the European division created by Nintendo handled a Europe-wide release, [6] which allowed Nintendo's competitor Sega to perform better with its Master System console in many countries.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

By the onset of the 1990s, however, the path of success for NES was coming to its endpoint, as more advanced, 16-bit competitors such as the Sega Mega Drive had entered the market.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES was also overshadowed by Nintendo's next console, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and as a result, the device's user base narrowed.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo, however, continued to support the device in the United States until the middle of the decade, even releasing a new version of the console, the NES 2.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The new version fixed almost all the design flaws in the earlier console.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[7] Lacking constant discount sales and new games, support for the NES was discontinued in 1995.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Still, Japan's Nintendo continued to produce the NES right up until 2003, until the production line was discontinued.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES saw the light of day with a number of currently popular game series openings, including Nintendo's own Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda and Metroid, Capcom's Mega Man franchise, Konami's Castlevania franchise, and Square Enix's Dragon Quest and Final Fantasy franchise.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Regional Differences While the Japanese Famicom and the global NES were commonplace in terms of hardware, there were some important differences between the consoles: Different case design.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Famicom has an overloadable module opening, a 15-pin expansion port on the front panel for add-ons (the main controls were on their wires attached to the back of the device) and red-white coloring.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[8] The NES has a front-loading module aperture and grey, black and red colouring.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The expansion port is on the bottom of the device, and the module connector is different.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

60-pinned vs.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

72-pin modules.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original Famicom and the reissued AV Family Computer used 60-pin module technology, which was shown as a smaller module size than in the NES (and NES 2), which used 72-pin modules.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Four pinnies were used for the 10NES microcircuit, [9] and ten pins directly connecting the module to the expansion port on the lower part of the module.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Two pinnies that allowed the modules' own audio expansion controller circuits were removed.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Many of the early games released in the United States (such as StackUp), were Famicom modules connected to the adapter.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

It was possible to attach a module attached to the adapter to the hardware of the NES; Nintendo did this to reduce expenses and simplify the content of its inventories.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Numerous peripherals and game/software packs were released for the Famicom, some of which were not released overseas: the Famicom Disk System (FDS), a popular floppy drive released only in Japan that allowed games to be stored on floppy disks instead of modules.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Known games released for FDS include Metroid and Super Mario Bros.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

2 (The Lost Levels).


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[10] Famicom BASIC was a BASIC tool for the Famicom that allowed the player to program their own games.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Many programmers acquire their first experience for the console in this way.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Famicom MODEM was a modem that allowed connection to a Nintendo server that provided jokes, news (primarily about Nintendo), game tips, weather reports, and a small number of programs for download.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

External sound control circuits.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Famicom has two module spokes that enabled the operation of the external audio control circuit.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

They were originally intended to facilitate the operation of the Famicom Disk System's external audio control circuit.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

These pins were moved on the NES to the expansion port at the base of the device.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

As a result, modules from non-Nintendo developers were unable to take advantage of the feature, so many applications produced for the NES had lower audio quality than that of their Famicom counterparts.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Among the games affected by the problem, the most notable is Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Permanently fixed guides.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

On the original Famicom, the controls were permanently attached to the rear of the device.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In addition, the second controller had a built-in microphone, which was used in a few games.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Both the controls and microphone were omitted from the redesigned AV Famicom.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In the NES, the controls were attached to seven-pin guide ports.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Blocking.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Famicom does not have any blocking hardware, and as a result, a lot of unlicensed modules were released for it in Asia.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original NES includes a 10NES microchip, which increased challenges for unlicensed developers in preventing unlicensed modules from working.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The European NES includes region locking, which prevents Region A games from running on Region B consoles and vice versa.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[11] This could be circumvented by cutting off one leg of the 10NES microcircuit.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Audio/Video Connections.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original Famicom has an RF modulator for audio and video interfaces, while the NES has both an RF modulator and RCA interface cables (composite video and mono audio).


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The AV Famicom has an RCA interface alone, and on the onboard NES only the RF modulator interface.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Controllers The gamepad used in both the Famicom and the NES feature a brick-like design and four buttons: two round “A” and “B” buttons, and the “Start” and “Select” buttons.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In addition, both controllers have a cross controller.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The cross controller had been developed by Gunpei Yokoi, who worked at Nintendo for Game & Watch games, to replace the joystick used in earlier games.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original Famicom has two controllers permanently attached to the rear of the device.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The second controller lacks the “Start” and “Select” buttons, but it contains a built-in microphone.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Few of the game took advantage of this feature.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The earliest Famicom controls have square-shaped A and B buttons.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[12] These were switched to round ones, as the square buttons were left down when pressed attached to the edges of their apertures.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The controls on the NES are removable.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

For them, there are two 7-pin controller ports on the front of the device.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

However, the NES's controls are similar to each other, with the microphone on the other Famicom controller omitted; it has the “Start” and “Select” buttons in its place.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Several special drivers were released for the device, although few of them were successful.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

These included the NES Zapper (light gun), Power Pad, R.O.B.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

and Power Glove.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original Famicom has a DA-15 expansion port on the front of the device to which most peripherals are attached.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In the NES, peripherals are usually attached to one of the two controller ports located at the front of the device.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Upon the release of the AV Famicom and NES 2, the look of the controllers was slightly modified.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

While the slots for the original buttons were retained, the look of the controller case changed from brick-like to dog-bone shaped, reminiscent of the controller for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In addition, the AV Famicom followed in the footsteps of its foreign version, leaving out permanently attached controls.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

However, the wires on the controllers on the AV Famicom are twice as short as those of the NES controllers.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES's brick-like controller has become one of the most recognisable symbols of the device.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo has used the controller design to their advantage in a few of its advertising products and limited special releases of the Game Boy Advance SP and Game Boy Micro hand consoles.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Technical characteristics (PAL version) Processor: Ricoh RP2A07, clocked 1.79 MHz (based on MOS 6502).


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Central memory: 2 kB.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Graphics: graphics card (PPU) Ricoh RP2C07, resolution 256×240, 48 colors, scanline-specific restrictions, 64 sprites.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Audio: 4 PSG channels (each locked to a specific sound waveform), one 1-bit PCM channel Peripherals Zapper light gun Family Fun Fitness treadmill (featured in Speden Sgames, among others) Power Glove, a glove-like special controller for the NES Four Score and Satellite, which allowed four controllers to be connected to a gaming device rather than two for the NES Advantage, an arcade-style gamepad from Konami LaserScope, a helmet intended as a voice-controlled replacement for Zapper's NES Cleaning Kit, a game module cleaning tool for the Game Genie, the so-called cheat module, which change the action of the game Miracle Piano, a piano for which piano playing-instructional games were made.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In NES Finland, thumbnail image|Nintendo console was once rented to households.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The photo shows a leather rental portfolio used by rental companies, which included a games console with accessories.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES (Also “Nintendo”, “8-bit” or both combined with “8-bit Nintendo”) arrived in Finland in 1987.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Many reasons contributed to the high popularity of the NES — quality of games, good marketing, and rental activities (it was possible to try a console by renting one with games).


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Emulators Nintendo Entertainment System emulators allow games on that machine to be played on other machines, such as PC.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

NES emulators are popular because they can be downloaded from the internet for free and legally.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Although, the ROM files that they use, i.e. games, are illegal because they infringe copyright.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Considerations Sources and notes Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ed.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

References On the topic elsewhere, archived version Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What does an 8-bit video game console mean?

Nintendo Entertainment System

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses is a Christian movement that emphasises end-time waiting and returning to the roots of Christianity that differs from mainstream Christianity, for example by not accepting the Trinity doctrine.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[1] Estimates of Jehovah's Witnesses membership range from 6 million worldwide [2] to more than 8.3 million in 240 different countries (2016).


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[3] [2] The deciding body of the movement, the nine-member Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses meeting in Warwick (New York), coordinates the activities and practices of the movement.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Governing Body decides the movement's interpretation of the Bible.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[4] In Finland, Jehovah's Witnesses is the fourth largest religious community, after the Evangelical Lutheran, Orthodox Church and the Pentecostal Church of Finland, the largest of the registered religious communities.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[5] [6] According to Statistics Finland's demographic statistics, Jehovah's Witnesses had a membership of 17,979 in Finland at the end of 2016.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Membership numbers have declined by about 1,100 people in the 2010s.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[7] As a religion, Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize adherence to their interpretation of the Bible in practical life, the use of the name Jehovah as the name of God, and the status of their religious community as the only true true Christian denomination.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They believe secular power systems and other religions will be destroyed in the near future in the Armageddon War.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[8] Due to religious differences, the largest Christian denominations do not consider Jehovah's Witnesses to be Christians.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses publish magazines Watchtower and Wake Up! , and they have their own parish buildings, called kingdom halls.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Classification of the movement in Christian theology The religion of Jehovah's Witnesses differs from Christianity in several ways, such as by rejecting the doctrine of the Trinity [9], considering Jesus as Michael the Archangel, [10] as well as denying the existence of eternal damnation as stated by the Bible, restricting to heaven access to only 144000 anointed people [11], as well as believing Jesus returned to earth in 1914 invisibly, this is the current conception, previously taught by Jehovah's Witnesses that Jesus returned in 1874.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[12] Jehovah's Witnesses is a monotheistic religion based on the Judeo-Christian tradition.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

However, according to popular perception, Jehovah's Witnesses are not counted as belonging to Christian movements because Jehovah's Witnesses do not recognize the doctrine of the tri-common God and the deity of Christ.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Thus, Jehovah's Witnesses also do not accept the so-called ecumenical confessions of faith in which these doctrines are defined, nor otherwise the general ecclesiastical tradition of interpretation of Christianity.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses regard the Trinity as an adjunct to Greek or Hellenistic culture that was not accepted as a doctrine until the 3rd century share, and which they say neither Jews nor early Christians had.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses hold that the original Christianity preached by Jesus and the apostles is corrupted in present-day Christendom [13] and that pure worship was restored by God Himself in the late 19th century through Charles Taze Russell and a group of Bible scholars born around him.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses regard Christian churches as depraved, and they dismiss themselves from any ecumenical co-operation with other religious movements.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Christian churches are considered by Jehovah's Witnesses to be the Great Babylon and the Harlot according to their interpretation of the Biblical Book of Revelation.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[14] According to Jehovah's Witnesses, there must therefore be only one correct form of worship.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses use the New World translation of the Bible they deliver in their teaching work and at their own meetings, where the most significant difference from many other translations is the use of the Jehovah name more than 7,000 times.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[15] The expectation of the apocalypse, or Armageddon, is central to the doctrine of Jehovah's Witnesses.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Based on this, Jehovah's Witnesses have been considered eschatological.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Witnesses do not believe the entire planet will be destroyed, but that the current world order, with its nation states and nations, will be replaced by the kingdom of God and the paradise inhabited by its adherents.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Considered the founder of the movement, Charles Russell, president of the Watchtower Society, expected the Kingdom of God to be realised on earth and the Battle of Armageddon to take place as early as 1914.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Although this expectation was not realised, Jehovah's Witnesses believe that 1914 began the “time of the end”.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Later Jehovah's Witnesses have set expectations for the onset of Armageddon for, among other things, 1925 and 1975, and still in the 1980s considered unlikely the survival of the current world order into the turn of the millennium.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[16] They believe that the Battle of Armageddon is preceded by the turning of political powers under the leadership of the United Nations against the false religions of the world and destroying them in order to fulfil the prophecies of the Biblical Book of Revelation.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[17] This is followed, according to them, by the Battle of Armageddon, in which the reigns are destroyed and in which Jehovah is preserved not only those faithful to God, but who have not had the opportunity to learn the Bible's truth about God.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Birth Stages and History During the early 1870s in Allegheny in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States, a relatively modest, Charles Taze Russell-led bible study group began to operate in the area of present-day Pittsburgh.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Russell drew strong influences from the Adventist movement, particularly in formulating prophecies for the date of the apocalypse.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Among other things, he emphasized personal faith, his opposition to organizing into a church-like organization, and the importance that the group formed around him would be known only as Christians and not by any other specific name.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[18] In 1881, the Zion Watchtower Tractate Society was founded and Russell became its president.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The association's name was later changed to the Watchtower Bible and Tractate Society.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The association was formed to publish and disseminate religious literature written by Russell.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Joseph Franklin Rutherford, who was at the head of the movement from 1916 to 1942, got hold of a few of Russell's books in 1884 and became convinced by what he said.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

He was baptized as a Bible scholar in 1906, and later became an official advisor to the Watchtower Society.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Rutherford was elected manager of the club in January 1917 following Russell's death.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In the summer of 1917, the leadership of the movement split, and some of the members turned against the Rutherford line.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The power struggle escalated and as a result independent groups of bible scholars broke away from the movement.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 1918—1919, Rutherford began a worldwide series of presentations called The World Has Ended, but the millions who now live will never die.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 1931, Bible scholars led by Rutherford adopted Jehovah's Witnesses as their name, referring to the 43rd chapter of the biblical Book of Isaiah and verses 10—12.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The name change away from bible scholars liking Russell was one of Rutherford's most significant moves within the movement against those who opposed him.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Subsequently, the organisation has been an independent, missionary and actively spreading religion.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Calling themselves Bible scholars, supporters of Russell's original views still gather mostly in the United States, but the activity is small-scale.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

From 1942 to 1975, the Watchtower Club was headed by Nathan Homer Knorr.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 1943, the Watchtower Bible School Gilead was established to coach missionary workers.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The school is located in Patterson, New York City.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Under Knorr, the community's membership grew from 115,000 to about two million, or nearly 800 percent.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[19] In the fold of the 1960s and 1970s, it was widely believed that the apocalypse would come in 1975 among the movement's members.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The movement's journals and other publications dealt with what 1975 would bring when it came and raised numerous speculations about what would happen in the year then or by then.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The year was considered prophetic and special because Jehovah's Witnesses believed mankind's six thousand years of existence would come full precisely in 1975.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

When the expectation for 1975 did not materialize, between 1975 and 1980 the activity of movement members in the preaching work decreased considerably and many left the movement.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Between 1977 and 1978, the movement's worldwide membership numbers exceptionally declined.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[20] In the fold of the 1970s and 1980s, after the disappointment of 1975, groups practicing independent bible interpretation were formed in the movement's main office in the United States.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 1976, the governing body based at the World Center in Brooklyn was expanded; administrative functions were allocated and delegated to committees made up of members of the governing body.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Today, there is no single person at the head of the operation; decisions are made by the governing body.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Since Knorr's death, Frederick William Franz, as well as Milton G. Henschel, who was the last prominent president of the club, have served as the club's “presidents”, or presidents.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Today, the Watchtower Society is chaired by Don A. Adams, but the post is mainly formal.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The most significant doctrinal change of the period was the repeal of generational teaching in 1995.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to an abandoned notion, the apocalypse would come before the last of those alive in 1914 die.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

After the change, Jehovah's Witnesses continued to stress that the end of the world is near, but did not set a deadline or deadline for its coming until 2010. At that time, witnesses began to teach that the Armageddon War would apparently be fought no later than before all those who have lived partially concurrently with those alive in 1914 have died.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[21] The activities of Jehovah's Witnesses have expanded strongly even after 1975.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The movement today has 8 million members and has operations in more than 240 countries.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Beginning of operations in Finland Finland operations began in 1910.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Statistics Worldwide, there are 2500000-300000 new baptized annually.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 2014, 275581 members were baptized.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[22] The monthly peak of active declarers is reported in 2015 at over 8.2 million, with 240 countries.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Proclaimers reported preaching work through the world 1933473968 hours.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They ran an average of 9708968 for free Bible study.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[23] In 2015, there were 8220105 active word-servants in the organisation.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Growth from 2014 was 1.5 per cent.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Only active, baptized parishioners who attended word service are officially counted in the membership count.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Members spent more than 1.93 billion hours on preaching work.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

At the commemoration of Jesus' death, 19862783 people were present.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The number of Jehovah's Witnesses congregations in the world is just under 118016, and the organization has activities in 240 countries and territories.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Finland had an average of 18574 active members in 2015.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In Finland, members spent 3069284 hours on sermon work, and 25924 people were present at the commemoration.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[24] [25] [26] In Finland Jehovah's Witnesses is the third largest registered religious community.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[27] In 2011, there were an average of 18710 members.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[22] The number of members has remained practically the same in recent years: in 2014 there was 22 members decreasing from the previous year, and 236 members were baptized in that year.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[22] Publishing Jehovah's Witnesses offer interested parties the opportunity for free Bible study using aids published by the movement.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

For the past few years mainly the book What the Bible really teaches in teaching new ones has mainly been used.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The organisation also publishes two journals.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Watchtower is, according to the organisation's own announcement, the largest religious journal in the world.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Each issue is printed on average 52946000 copies in 240 languages.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[28] In the past, magazines were available for nominal compensation, but those willing today may give a voluntary donation to cover their costs.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Wake up!


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

is the sister magazine of the previous and focuses on current affairs.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Watchtower appears twice a month.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Since the beginning of 2008, one of the two monthly issues is mainly intended for members of the movement and contains weekly material to be studied at the Reich Hall on Sundays.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Wake up! magazine appears once a month.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 2012, the JW.org website was launched, which is readable in more than 500 languages and from which witness literature can be downloaded in over 750 languages.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

It is the most translated website in the world (8/2014) [29] In 2014, the JW Broadcasting website was launched, featuring family-friendly internet television subtitled and live broadcasts as well as many of the organisation's videos, music, audio dramas and dramatized Bible reading.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[30] Administration The activities of the movement are highly organized, and its administration is divided into several small steps.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Its senior management is the governing body based in Warwick, New York State.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In each country, operations are run by a branch office.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Finnish branch office is located in Tikkurila, Vantaa.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The branch office is run by what is known as a branch office committee.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In addition, the country is divided into regions whose activities are controlled by a regional supervisor, and there are two of these in Finland.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The regions, in turn, are divided into rounds.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Each round has a lap supervisor who, on a rotating week, visits each ward twice a year of his round.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

There are 17 rounds in Finland.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Rounds are formed by congregations that control the activities of local word servants.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Tour stewards and district supervisors are also said to be travel supervisors.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The parish is run by an elder whose choice is taken care of by the upper stairs.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Each parish has, among others, an Elder Coordinator, a Service Supervisor, a Secretary, Watchtower Examination Supervisor, and a Theocratic Service School Supervisor.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Several of these missions rotate annually.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Based on the Biblical guideline, only male are used as congregational overseers and teachers.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In addition, congregations have appointed assisting servants, each of whom may have some specific function such as responsible for the literature of the congregation, take care of sound equipment and stage, or serve as public servants at conventions.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

All elders are at some point assisting servants first.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Funding Activities Jehovah's Witnesses use money to build branch offices and convention halls, as well as maintaining kingdom halls built by congregations, among other things.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Since the Watchtower Society publishes religious literature, money is also needed for the purchase and maintenance of printing presses and supplies.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Printing in branch offices is carried out by volunteers residing in the branch office premises, for whom maintenance and nominal monetary compensation are provided for personal needs.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Some others who work full-time for the organisation, for example missionaries, are also compensated.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

However, no one is paid an actual salary.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

All activities are funded by donations available from members and those interested in activities.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[31] The Watchtower Society grants loans to individual congregations wishing to build or renovate the Reich Hall for their use.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[32] Until the 1990s, the organisation had a special literary price list in place, on the basis of which, when charged, each parish poster acquired paid literature for his own use and continued to be sold in preaching work.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In January 1990, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of Jimmy Swaggart, a television evangelist selling religious literature, that a tax had to be paid on the sale of religious literature.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In connection with the judicial review of the case, the Watchtower Society submitted a so-called “amicus curiae” petition, by which it petitioned for the preservation of the tax exemption from the sale of religious literature.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[33] Beginning in March 1990, literature no longer had a price list in the United States; the production of literature was funded through voluntary donations.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The practice spread within a decade to all countries where Jehovah's Witnesses had operations.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Watchtower Society has not made figures available to the public on its assets or the financial scale of its activities.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 2003, the Newsday.com publication placed the New York-registered Watchtower Society in 34th place on the New York City Top Private Companies 2003 list based on its annual revenues of approximately $951 million.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[34] Former Governing Body member Raymond Franz has voiced criticism of the status of property in the activities of Jehovah's Witnesses.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

He tells [35] in his book Crisis of Conscience about Mexican Jehovah's Witnesses.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to Franz, Mexican law prohibited all religious organizations from owning property such as the Watchtower Society, from its main office in New York, instructed Mexican Jehovah's Witnesses to abandon prayers and songs at public meetings and conventions, and in field service for the use of the Bible in order to maintain his kingdom hall under his administration.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They register as a cultural association rather than a religious community, and their gatherings were called “cultural meetings” and congregations as “corporations”.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Designations such as “baptism” were abandoned so that the Reich Halls would not have passed into state control, although assembly in the premises would not be restricted.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to Franz, this arrangement was maintained right up until the change in the law until the turn of the 1990s.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Construction and humanitarian work Jehovah's Witnesses are known for their construction work.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

International and regional building groups make kingdom halls using the so-called quick-hall method.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

A quick hall means that a large group of members build a Reich Hall over one or two weekends on top of the finished foundations.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Large construction projects are also carried out almost entirely by voluntary force.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

All Jehovah's Witnesses' congregations in Finland now meet in purpose-built kingdom halls.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The organisation will contribute some relief effort, if funds permit.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In Africa, the organisation's Hutu and Tutsi witnesses have been assisted at the time of the Rwandan massacre.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Humanitarian work is primarily about helping other members.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In some places, the movement's buildings may have been used as temporary shelters.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Medicines and clothing have been distributed to a few schools and orphanages in Goma.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[36] Views and Practices Basis of views Jehovah's Witnesses agree with Protestant churches that the Bible is the supreme guideline of faith and doctrine.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to them, the Bible is infallible and non-contradictory in all respects.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Members of the movement are required to accept the governing body's current interpretation of the Bible, and the formation of a view that differs from the main lines is not accepted.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Invoking a deviant interpretation might even lead to separation from the congregation.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The bible interpretation of Jehovah's Witnesses has undergone numerous changes throughout the history of the movement.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Continued learning changes are, according to the movement, “progress made in understanding the Bible” and a “brightening of light.”


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In colloquial language and literature, Jehovah's Witnesses use the general concept of “truth” from the current Biblical interpretation and doctrinal system of the movement.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The movement has produced its own English translation of the Bible, the New World Translation, of which a Finnish translation has been made.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to the translators, it has sought the most verbatim translation of the initial text into modern English and, consequently, into other languages.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Some Bible scholars criticize the translation solutions of the New World Translation as supporting Jehovah's Witnesses' interpretation of the Bible.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[37] See also: New World Translation of Jehovah's Witnesses Teachings The movement emphasizes the use of God's personal name Jehovah.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses don't believe in the trinity.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jesus Christ is, according to them, the son of God, a created being.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is currently King in Heaven.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

He has a beginning, while Jehovah God has no beginning and no end.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Holy Spirit, on the other hand, is God's acting power


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to them, man is an entity created by God, a living soul.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

After the fall of sin, man is inherently mortal, but he can receive immortality as a gift from God (so-called conditionalism).


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Human salvation is based on the death suffered by Jesus in the torture pile, a reconciliation offering, or ransom.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The existence of hell as a perpetual torture site is disputed.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Sinner people are disposed of at God's deadline to non-existent (so-called annihilationism).


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to Jehovah's Witnesses, mankind has lived since 1914 in the “last days” mentioned in Matthew's 24th chapter.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They believe that in the future Jehovah God through his son Jesus Christ will eradicate the present world order and its adherents in the Armageddon War.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

After that, faithful Christians will restore the earth into a place similar to the Garden of Eden, where people are allowed to live forever.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

After Armageddon, a resurrection is believed to begin, in which faithful servants of God who died before Armageddon are resurrected from the dead.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jesus Christ and the chosen 144,000 in heaven lead the people in the restoration works of paradise.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

After a thousand years from Armageddon, Christ hands over kingship back to God, allowing Satan “thrown into the abyss” in Armageddon to go free to test for the last time who is faithful to God.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

After this test, God will destroy Satan once and for all.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to Jehovah's Witnesses, before the final test, humans have been brought back to the same perfect state in which Adam and Eve were originally before they fell into sin.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The concept of baptism among Jehovah's Witnesses is Baptist, meaning that baptism includes only those who have professed their faith.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses baptisms are similar to Christian communities with the Baptist concept of baptism insofar as baptism is delivered in immersion by using.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

However, Christian communities with the baptist ring concept of baptism do not consider Jehovah's Witness baptisms valid because Jehovah's Witnesses do not recognize Trinity doctrine.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses, on the other hand, do not consider valid any baptism other than their own.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Based on their interpretation of the Bible, Jehovah's Witnesses believe that there are two classes of Christians: the 144,000 anointed in the slave class who, when they die, go to heaven to reign over humanity with Jesus Christ, and other Jehovah worshippers awaiting admission to terrestrial paradise.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The apostles, early Christians and today about 11000 professing to be members of the slave class form that group of 144,000 heavenly rulers.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Serving God Movement members believe that faithful servants of God have existed throughout human history, starting with Abel in the Old Testament.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[38] During his time on earth, Jesus Christ taught the truth about God and established Christianity.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to their understanding, however, the original Christianity became corrupted and disappeared after the time of the Apostles.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In this case, the Church began to confuse secular power, transforming the doctrine into a pagan one and trying to suppress pure worship.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

However, members of Jehovah's Witnesses think that in all centuries God has had at least some sincere servants on earth, despite the persecution inflicted upon them.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The movement's current activity began in the early 1870s with a group studying the Bible in Allegheny, Pennsylvania.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They were known at the time as Bible scholars.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to the community's understanding, Jehovah God began at that time to rally his people.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Charles Taze Russell, leader of the Adventist-inspired group of Bible Scholars, declared that Jesus was already present invisibly beginning in 1874.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

At the same time, he began to critically study the doctrines of Christian churches.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that in 1919 God observed that on earth only those Bible scholars preached Christ's invisible presence and pure Christian doctrine.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Based on this, Jehovah's Witnesses believe that they are the only true Christians and that God guides the community.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[39] Meetings Meetings Meeting places are the kingdom halls, which are their places of worship.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Kingdom halls are usually simple and modestly decorated.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

No images are used for worship, so there are also no icons or paintings that receive religious observance in the halls.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The men do the teaching in the parishes.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In the service, parishioners usually refer to each other as brothers and sisters, for example Brother Virtanen.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

There are a total of three to four hours of meetings per week.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Each meeting addresses biblical topics in different ways.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Specifically aimed at the public, the meeting is a 30-minute audience presentation on Sunday followed by an hour-long examination of the Watchtower magazine.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In the exploration, one of the articles interpreting the bible in the journal is examined.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Articles are divided into numbered paragraphs.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The so-called Watchtower Summaries reader reads a paragraph at a time, and the chairman then presents the audience with the printed, read paragraph-by-paragraph questions to the audience.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Answers are usually found directly in paragraphs, but some of the questions are reflective in nature, and more experienced Jehovah's Witnesses in particular present perspectives within the framework of movement doctrine in response to them.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Arkena is one meeting in the Reich Hall for the life and service of a Christian who started at the beginning of 2016.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[40] The meeting lasts in its entirety 1h 45min and its parts are: Treasures of God's Word.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The program discusses features of a weekly bible reading program.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Coaching for field service.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Deals with different forms of preaching work as its name suggests, includes pair-three exercises.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Life as a Christian (45min), includes one or two sections that help listeners apply Biblical principles (15min) Congregational Bible study, addressed with questions and answers.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

(30min) In the past, parishioners also gathered as daily lives in small assigned groups for an occasion called book examination in private homes, but from the beginning of 2009 the parish book examination in the kingdom hall replaced the one held in private homes.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The programme of meetings and publications to be used are unified throughout the world, so anywhere in the world Jehovah's Witnesses go through the same material at the meetings.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The congregation meetings are started and concluded with a joint song (so called:


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Kingdom Songs) and with a prayer held by one of the brothers from the stage from the front of the hall.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

There is also chanting in between meetings.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The meeting ends with song and prayer.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In addition to the meetings, Jehovah's Witnesses hold larger events, conventions, three times a year: two smaller round conventions, where all congregations in the part of the round (usually 5—7 congregations and about 500 people) gather, and a bigger regional convention in the summer where people gather in the district belonging members (usually about 4,000 to 6,000 Jehovah's Witnesses at one time.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Summer regional conventions in Finland are most commonly held in Helsinki, Tampere and Oulu.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In addition, there is a Swedish-speaking regional convention in Hämeenlinna.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Nordic English-speaking regional convention rotates by tide in different Nordic countries.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 2016, it was held in Helsinki.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The convention halls where the round conventions are held are similar in appearance to smaller kingdom halls.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Finland has three convention halls, one in Hämeenlinna, one in Varkaus and the Oulu Convention Hall in Kello, Oulu.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Religious symbols and holidays The movement does not accept the use of religious symbols such as the cross or images.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The use of images and symbols is considered idolatry.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Although the cross was still partially in use during Russell's time, today Jehovah's Witnesses do not use the cross, justifying it as follows: the instrument of execution of Jesus must not be an object of appreciation because it is an instrument of slaying.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jesus is believed to have been executed in a straight pile, not on a cross.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The cross came with them to early Christianity accompanied by pagan converts.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The rationale uses the fact that many ancient pagan peoples, such as the Egyptians and Babylonians, used crosses in religious editorials.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The cross and crown surrounded by a wreath was the emblem of Bible scholars and later Jehovah's Witnesses from 1891—1931.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[41] The use of the cross was abandoned when the movement began to interpret the cross as being associated with pagan religions.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The emblem in which the cross appears is on the grave of Charles Taze Russell, the founder of the movement.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Today, the cross is not used as part of the visual look in publications or the movement's logo; instead, the cross and crown have been replaced by a tower.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The movement also does not accept the celebration of ecclesiastical holidays because the origins of Christmas, Easter, Midsummer and other holidays lie in paganism according to Jehovah's Witnesses.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In addition, the celebrations in question involve customs derived from paganism, such as the Christmas tree and Easter eggs, and sometimes also immorality.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The only annual religious holiday celebrated by Jehovah's Witnesses is the commemoration of Jesus' death, or celebration of remembrance in the spring, around the time of the Jewish pesah.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Preaching Work Each member of the congregation is expected to preach as possible as they wish.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Normally, Jehovah's Witnesses are known for their door-to-door preaching.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

At the end of each calendar month, each member of the congregation returns a report to their congregation indicating the amount of proclamation work for the month, together with information on the printed matter distributed in the preaching work.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Each baptized witness must do preaching work for at least an hour a month, which can in practice be, say, a discussion of spiritual matters with a non-believer relative.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

You cannot obtain responsibilities in the parish unless you spend sufficient time on preaching activities.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

As an exception to the one-hour requirement, a service committee formed from parish elders may allow in a special case reporting preaching work for only 15 minutes per month.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

A lightened arrangement can be reached if preaching is difficult, for example because of age or illness.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[42] If a member does not report for at least one hour in a month or 15 minutes in a lightened case, he shall be called an irregular declarer.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

If non-reporting continues for six months, the declarer becomes inactive.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[43] The order and rules of congregations of Jehovah's Witnesses congregations discipline is handled by the elders.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Elders have at their disposal a book published by the Watchtower Society Pay attention to yourselves and the whole flock, which provides detailed instructions on disciplinary proceedings to elders, among other things.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

An ordinary movement member cannot obtain a book for viewing, nor is it referenced in other material intended by the movement to be public.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The instructions in the book are supplemented from time to time.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Disciplinary actions include public handing out and dismissal.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Separation is preceded by a session of the Congregational Court of Justice, or Judicial Committee, in which the severity of a person's sin is assessed and possible disciplinary action is decided.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

After separation, members of the elder endeavour to visit each separated once a year to direct him back to the congregation.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Sins classified as serious For example, the following sins are classified as serious sins that, as unrepentant acts, lead to separation from the congregation: Premarital sex, adultery, blatant impurity [44] Homosexual sex [45] Apostasy: the fact that denies any On the basic teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses or actively participates in other denominations [46] [47] Not carding blood (taking blood transfusions, donating blood, eating blood) [48] Gambling [49] Smoking or taking drugs [44] Excessive alcohol Abuse [50] Standing as a candidate in political elections or political activity in parties for example [51] Separating from the movement from Jehovah's Witnesses can differ in two ways: By formal notice.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

A person can either verbally or in writing declare that they no longer wish to be a Jehovah's Witness.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

By their own actions.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

A person may, by his own conduct, demonstrate that he is no longer part of Jehovah's Witnesses.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[52] Attitudes towards those separated and divorced from the congregation The movement strongly condemns members' interactions with those who have been separated or divorced from the congregation on non-essential matters.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

On separation it says: Jehovah's Witnesses urge members of the movement to avoid close interactions even with family members and relatives who have separated or become separated from the congregation.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

However, of those living in the same household, it is said: “Does this mean that Christians living with a separated family member in the same household must avoid talking, eating, and having daily interactions with him?


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In the Watchtower on April 15, 1991, a footnote on page 22 says: “If a Christian householder has a separated relative, he is still involved in the normal everyday work and activities of the househouse.” It therefore remains up to family members to what extent the separated could be involved in joint meals and other family activities.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

On the other hand, they do not wish to give the brothers in the congregation the impression that everything is the same as before separation.” [53] — “[Separation or resignation of a family member] implies changes in the spiritual cohesion which may have prevailed in the home.” [54] If separated relative living in one's household, such as an adult child or adult siblings who moved away from home, contact with such can be stopped almost completely: The separated has the option of returning to becoming a Jehovah's Witness if they have ceased to proceed or think in a way because of he was expelled.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

If the separated comes to the Reich Hall in order to return to the congregation, he or she will be directed to the elder members.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Members of the congregation do not converse with the separated either in the Reich Hall during the time when the separated shows remorse by attending meetings.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Depending on the case, the time required for admission may last from a few months to years.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

A separated or divorcee wishing to rejoin the congregation should refer a request for readmission to the Judicial Committee that dismissed him or her.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Committee shall consider the application and, if necessary, provide guidance on how the separated should proceed in order to better meet the requirements for readmission.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

If the separated is accepted back as a member of the congregation, parishioners, relatives and friends can again greet, discuss and interact with him or her.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

If a member of the movement repeatedly socializes with persons who have been separated or separated from the congregation, the loss of any congregational positions of trust and eventual separation from the congregation ensues.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Whoever is self-divorced from the congregation will be treated in the same way as someone who is separated.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Separation applies only to a baptized congregation member.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Those who have not attended baptism and are removed or leave the parish activities themselves are not treated in the manner mentioned above; baptized members of the movement may continue to interact with them according to their conscience.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Habits Relationship with Society Jehovah's Witnesses doctrines generally emphasize honest work and the performance of taxes, fees and other obligations, as well as reasonableness in alcohol use.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They will seek to comply with the legislation as long as it does not conflict with their convictions.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Christians must remain neutral in relation to society and political systems.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

That's why they don't think it's appropriate to belong to parties.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses also do not vote or stand as candidates in political elections.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Since World War I, the Watchtower Society has required members of congregations to refuse military service and until 1996 to refuse civilian service.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[55] Jehovah's Witnesses have been imprisoned for this reason, and the refusal has sometimes caused serious difficulties for members of the movement in totalitarian countries.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

During World War II in Germany, some 2000 members of the movement perished in concentration camps and prisons after refusing to perform a Nazi salute and serve in the armed forces.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[56] [57] Jehovah's Witnesses were also subject to violence in some other countries, as they were seen to be a threat to the war effort because of their non-nationalist worldview.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Subsequently, the Watchtower Society was banned in countries such as Canada, Australia and Finland.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[58] In Finland, the ban on the activities of the Watchtower Society was preceded by the confiscation of its publications Government and Peace and Freedom for the Peoples on 18 January 1940 by decision of the Ministry of Justice.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[59] Criticism and Limitations of Activity Although separation from Jehovah's Witnesses is easy in itself, according to former members, seceding is nevertheless perceived as difficult, as friends, family members and relatives who remain Jehovah's Witnesses are forced to shun the expelled from the congregation or divorced.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Features of the administration of justice within congregations, such as negative attitudes towards secular litigation between congregation members, have been feared to contribute, among other things, to the activities of child abusers.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

An example of this is Barbara Anderson, a former Governing Body aide who criticised the action.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[60] In France in 1996, the Parliamentary Working Group on Inquiry classified the organization as one of 173 dangerous suspected sects that a special institution was set up to observe.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[61] Since then, the tax exemption for the activities of Jehovah's Witnesses in France was abolished and the state demanded a large posthumous tax on Jehovah's Witnesses in France from 1993 to 1996.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 2011, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that France had violated the rights of Jehovah's Witnesses in this, and in July 2012 it ordered France to pay 4.5 million euros to witnesses.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In Russia, the court decided in March 2004 to ban the movement from operating in the Moscow


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In the court's view, the movement's practices violate families, drive to suicide and threaten the health of its members by banning blood transfusions.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[62] Admittedly, the Organization for the Activities of Cults and Neo-Religions states that “the attitude of anti-cult movements towards Jehovah's Witnesses and other religious communities is considered discriminatory within human rights lawyers; most anti-cult organizations have not been able to to provide evidence to support their claims; most organizations have not cited Jehovah's Witnesses' contributions to the cause of religious freedom”.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[63] The Supreme Court of Russia has declared the Jehovah's Witness Administrative Center to be extremist on April 20, 2017.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to YLE, the decision means that its activities will be deemed prohibited and the assets will be confiscated.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[64] [65] UN-NGO ally membership 1992—2001 The Watchtower Society of Jehovah's Witnesses applied for NGO ally membership in the UN Information Department in 1991 and was admitted to NGO membership in 1992.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Watchtower Society referred to as a specialist in human rights and published a few writings on the UN and human rights in a positive light during that time, especially Awake! magazine.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[66] Through their various organizations, Jehovah's Witnesses also participated in the UN Human Rights Commission.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[67] Allies membership ended in [68] just days after membership entered the public domain, [69] and it was raised that Jehovah's Witnesses regard the UN as a beast of the Book of Revelation in their theology and have cited it as being “a forgery mocking the God of the Kingdom of God” [70] and that they have for years been criticizing other religions for collaborating with the UN.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[71] On 4 March 2004, due to numerous contacts, the UN published a bulletin on its website, [72], which mentioned, among other things, the need for Jehovah's Witnesses to the United Nations that the organisation share the ideals of the UN Charter.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Religion has not commented on the case.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Refusing military service and civilian service Jehovah's Witnesses believe Christians should refrain from violence and practice armed defense.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Refusal to perform military service has led to the imprisonment of thousands of conscription age Jehovah's Witnesses in various countries.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

For decades Jehovah's Witnesses also refused to perform civilian service replacing military service.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Watchtower Society justified refusal from civilian service, among other things, that civilian service was intended solely as a substitute for military service, and to perform it would violate the Bible's call to Christians to remain neutral.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[73] These arguments were overturned and the view of civilian service was changed in 1996, when the Watchtower magazine allowed members of the movement to perform non-military civilian service under civilian administration.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[74] Before the change, thousands of Jehovah's Witnesses in different countries suffered prison sentences after refusing military service and also the civil service that replaced it.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Several European countries, such as Sweden, [75] Germany, Holland, France, Poland [76] and Finland, have since, in the post-World War II period, through various arrangements, exempted Jehovah's Witnesses from performing peacetime military service and civil service.


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[77] In other parts of the world, exemption from service has been given in countries such as Israel, [78] Armenia [79] and Kyrgyzstan [80].


Question: How is Watchtower Society defined?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In countries where Jehovah's Witnesses have no exemption, such as Greece and Russia, many of them today perform civil service.