Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Qin Shi Huangdi had sent General Meng Tian to oversee the Qin Empire's defensive equipment and the construction of the Great Wall of China to stop the invaders.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Meng Tian succeeded in preventing Xiongnu forces from crossing the border.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

However, with the defeat of the Qin dynasty, the Xiongnu saw the opportunity come and again attempted the crossing of the border.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

In 201 BC.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Hán Xin, King of Hán, defeated the Xiongnu leader, Modu Chanyu.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

The following year, Emperor Gao led an army to attack the Xiongnu, but was defeated by the enemy at the Battle of Baideng.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

On Chen Ping's advice, he bribed Modu's wife to ask her husband to withdraw his military forces from China.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Modu did that.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Upon his return to the capital, Emperor Gao adopted a heqin policy: he began sending noblemaids to Xiongnu leaders as marriage consorts, and paid an annual amount to the Xiongnu in order to maintain peace between the Han Empire and the Xiongnu.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Death Emperor Gao was wounded when an arrow in the war against Ying Bu accidentally hit him.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

He became seriously ill, stayed indoors for long periods and told security guards to close access to anyone who planned to meet him.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

After a few days, Fan Kuai and his entourage penetrated inside to meet the emperor.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

They met Emperor Gao, resting in his bed, where a certain eunuch took care of him.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Fan Kuai said, “How glorious it was when Your Majesty first led us to conquer the Empire, and how tired we are now.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Your subjects have been concerned after learning that Your Majesty is ill, but Your Majesty refuses to see us, preferring to allow only a eunuch to be with him.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Has Your Majesty forgotten the case of Zhao Gao?”


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

The emperor laughed and rose from his bed to meet the comers.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Emperor Gao's health later continued to deteriorate, causing Empress Lü Zhi to summon one famous doctor to cure him.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

When Emperor Gao told of his condition, the doctor said that his illness could be cured, but the emperor was not pleased but reprimanded the doctor: “Nor was it the will of Heaven that I did my part in conquering the Empire, wearing ordinary clothes without a weapon other than a sword?


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Heaven has determined my life.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

It would be useless even if Bian Que were around!”


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

He refused to continue and told the doctor to leave.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Before his death, he decreed that Cao Shen was to succeed Xiao He as chancellor after Xiao's death, and Wain Ling, in turn, Cao Shen.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

He also said that Wang Lint was perhaps too young to perform his duties, which is why Chen Ping had to assist Wang, but Chen was allowed to take over all the chancellor duties himself as well.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

He also nominated Zhou Bo as one of the candidates for the post of Grand Commander.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Emperor Gao died in Changi Palace () on June 1, 195 BCE, and was succeeded by Liu Ying, who became historically known as Emperor Hui.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

The Great Wind Song of the Great Wind was written by Liu Bang in 195 BCE.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

while visiting his birthtown in Pei Province after the overthrow of Ying Bu's rebellion.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

There he organized a banquet, to which he invited all his old friends and a large group of residents of the city.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

After drinking somewhat, Liu Bang played guqin and sang the Great Wind song.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

[6] ¦ 大， The big wind came out, the clouds rose high.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Now that my might rules everything between the seas, I am burnt to my old village.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Where can I find gallant men to guard the four corners of my country?


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

[7] Family and descendants Parents: Liu Taigong (proverbially, “Old Lord Liu “) Liu Ao (proverbially, “Old Mrs. Liu”) Siblings: Liu Bo, Count of Huai.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Liu Xi, Prince of Dai, Liu Jiao, Prince of Chu Consort: Empress Lü Zhi, born Liu Ying and Princess Lu.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Main concubines: Zhang Wei Cao, born Liu Fei.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Qi, born Liu Ruyi.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Wan Guan Dowager Empress Bo, born Liu Heng.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Zhao, born Liu Chang.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Zhao Zi'er Children: Liu Fei, Prince of Qin Daohui Liu Ying, Crown Prince, Later Emperor Hui Liu Jian, Bronze Ling Liu Ruyi of Yan, Prince of Zhao, Prince of Dai, Later Emperor Wen Liu Hui, Prince of Liang, Later Prince of Zhao, Gong Liu You of Huauyang prince, later Prince of Zhao You Liu Chang, Prince of Huainan Li Lu in bronze Yuan (actual personal name unknown) Cultural references Liu Bang is one of the 32 persons in history who appear as special persons in Koei's video game Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI.


Question: What did Emperor Gao die of?

Han Gaozu

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Joseph Needham| title = Science and Civilization in China, Volume 4, Part 2| location = Taipei| publisher = Caves Books, Ltd| year = 1986}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sima Qian| title = Records of the Grand Grand History, Volume 8| publisher = Columbia University Press| year = 1993| version = translated into English by Burton Watson| id = ISBN 0231081693}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ban Gu etc.| title = Han Shu (The History of Former Han Dynasty), Volume 1| publisher = Waverly| year = 1938—55| version = translated into English by Homer D. Dubs}} References on the topic elsewhere at ChinaCulture.org Category:Chinese emperors Category:Chinese warlords


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Xen is home to aliens in Half-Life and its additional discs, Opposing Forceand Blue Shift.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Xen resembles a cluster of hovering small asteroids or islands formed around a fog of gas, rather than a planet or artificial structure such as a space station.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The inhabitants of Xen are the main enemies of the first Half-Life games.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Only a small part of Xen's species are still seen in Half-Life 2 as well as its sequels.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Species Vortigaunt Vortigaunt, also known as Alien Slave at the time of the first parts of the game, are the most common Xenians encountered by the player.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Vortigaunts have many eyes, three chained hands and walk on two legs.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Upon seeing the player's vortigaunt strikes this painful green ray, and may choose to attack the player with a punch.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Vortigaunts are very social creatures and you rarely see them on their own.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

They are also wise, and understand to retreat when near death.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Vortigaunts also speak fluent English along with their own native Vortigese.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Since Half-Life 2, the vortigaunts side with humans when they were enemies in the first parts, which makes them the only Xen species to ally with humanity.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Already at the time of Half-Life, the Vortigaunts bred mason lions, which are not seen until Half-Life 2.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Headcrab Headcrab is the smallest of Xen's species, and most common along with vortigaunts.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

They are crab-like creatures that jump on people's heads trying to eat this thing alive.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

A human-infested headcrab turns them into zombies, which can be seen in all Half-Life games.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Headcrab is very easy to kill, but they often end up surprising the player because of their agility and size.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Headcrabs are among the few Xenians appearing in Half-Life 2 and the episodes.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

A fast and toxic headcrab is also seen in the Half-Life 2 game.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Zombies Zombies are creatures spawned by headcrabs.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Those have been people who headcrab has turned human flesh-craving zombies by jumping on their heads.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Versions turned into zombies are seen of all employees and soldiers of the facility (excluding black ops soldiers).


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Zombies have long claws with which it hits the player either with both hands or at a different time.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The Opposing Force also sees a rare zombie-type gonome that throws its toxic guts on top of the player and is capable of running.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Zombies are seen in all the original Half-Life games, and also in their sequels.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

From Half-Life 2 onwards, fast and poisonous headcrab-throwing zombies can be seen, as well as so-called “zombies”, zombie-turned Combine soldiers.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

They often take a grenade in their hand and run towards the player, blowing themselves up.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The zombies can be heard speaking somewhat understandable English, causing them to scream for help in pain.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The Barnacle Barnacle is a creature that often hangs from the ceiling.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It has a long sticky tongue, a mouth filled with sharp teeth and a small body.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Barnacle cannot move and is only able to wait for potential prey to be caught in this tongue.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Barnacle eats almost anything left in the rain, with the exception of the zombies in the first game.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

When he dies, the barnacle pukes everything it eats out of its mouth.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Barnaclets are also very weak, and are often in places where they are in the player's path.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

In the game, the Opposing Force barnaclen can be used as a weapon, and this is able to catch certain points and advance to places where the player would not otherwise have the opportunity to reach.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It is also capable of eating some enemies.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Barnacle is one of the few xen creatures that also appears in Half-Life 2 and its episodes.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The creature was discovered by Black Mesa employee Louis Donaldson, who also fell victim to the barnacle.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The bullsquid bullsquid is a creature that possesses several tentacles in its mouth.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It is very aggressive, and shoots poison from its mouth when the enemy is at a distance, as well as in close combat with a bite and a punch with its tail.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Bullsquid thrives amidst nuclear waste inside the facility, as well as in Xen healing sources where they may not even notice the player.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Bullsquid was scheduled to appear in Half-Life 2, but they dropped out for an unknown reason.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

However, one of Half-Life's screenwriters, Marc Laidlaw, has mentioned that bullsquids live in the universe of Half-Life 2.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

One of the bullsquids ate Eli Vance's leg before the events of Half-Life 2.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The Houndeye Houndeye is a multi-eye-owning, three-legged dog-like creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It moves in groups and is very fast.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Upon encountering the player's houndeye creates a shock wave, and often escapes thereafter into hiding.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Houndeye had been scheduled to appear in Half-Life 2, but they dropped out for an unknown reason.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The Alien Controllers Alien Controller is a levitating creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

They resemble the Xenian leader Nihilanth; they have a large head, an arm growing from the chest, and the same type of physique.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Alien leaders often walk in groups.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

You don't see them much in the interior of Black Mesa, but when the player arrives at Xen, they are very common.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Alien leaders shoot yellow ray balls in sets of a few.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The Alien Grunt Alien Grunt is a synthetic, large-bodied and armored creature from Xen.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It has three eyes, sharp teeth, a muscular torso, as well as a second hand holding a hornet-firing cannon (engl.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Hornet Gun).


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

When confronting the player, it runs towards this and shoots the hornets following the player with its cannon.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Up close, it hits the player.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Alien Grunts can be seen being manufactured in Xen factories and arrive ready in shells intended for the species.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth Nihilanth is the main enemy of Half-Life and one of Xen's species.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth, the only representative of his kind, is the leader of the Xen Universe, as well as maintaining the portal created by the resonance cascade between Earth and Xen.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth resembles a human fetus, this one has a massive head, almost non-existent legs and, in addition to two hands, a third arm on its chest.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Inside Nihilanth's head is a crystal that sustains his life, and which Gordon Freeman eventually destroys.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth continually levitates like the Alien Leaders, and it is possible that they are closely related to each other.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth fights the player by shooting ray balls in sets of a few in different directions.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

This also can fire a teleport at the player, which takes this to one of the unknown corners of Xen.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth can teleport his minions anywhere in the final level, which also explains the enemies appearing in the corridors of Black Mesa in front of the player.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth is capable of telepathy, and speaks to Freeman through this understandable English.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Prior to the events of the parent game, Nihilanth and the other species of Xen waged a battle against the Combine, later appearing in Half-Life 2, and almost all species of Xen became extinct after the extinction war turned to defeat for them.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth, however, managed to escape with a few other representatives of the species to Xen, where barely they had any chance of survival.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

However, over time, the species began to flourish.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Nihilanth has chains on their wrists, like the Vortigaunts, which possibly meant they were slaves to Combine even before the first Half-Life.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Hypersuctor sensitiva Hypersuctor sensitiva, or just “Tentacle” is a giant, three-head-owning creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The tentacles have large beaks, with which they knock aggressively to the ground if disturbed.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

They react very sensitively to sound and should be misled, for example, with explosives to move past them.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Tentacles are encountered only sparsely in games.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Gargantua Gargantua is a large-bodied, armored and extremely strong creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Gargantua is tricky to destroy, and is capable of destroying even a team of Hecu soldiers without any problems.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

When confronted with the player, it shoots fire from its hands and is also capable of running after this very far.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Gordon is forced in the game to destroy the gargantua with airstrikes.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Gonarch Gonarch, or Big Momma is a large-sized headcrab.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It's only encountered in the first Half-Life.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The gonarch is very robust, fast and emits elephant-like voiceovers.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The Gonarch has the appearance of a headcrab, an armored body, and a large scrotum, and it shoots at the player small, white headcrab fetuses that are difficult to distinguish from the terrain.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Fetuses are also fast and do a lot of havoc.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Ichthyosaur Ichthyosaur is an aquatic giant, fish lizard-like creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Upon seeing the player it attacks, and tries to eat this.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Ichthyosaur is encountered only in fields with pools or bodies of water.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Ichthyosaur is one of the few Xenians encountered in Half-Life 2, though only by glimpse.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Leech Leech is the smallest xen creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

They are encountered several at a time in the water, and randomly they bite the player.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Leeches are among the few xen creatures that occur in Half-Life 2.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The Boid Boid is a bird-like xen creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It's completely harmless, to other Xenians and humans alike.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Chumtoad Chumtoad is a small, frog-like xen creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It was originally removed from the parent game, but brought back to Blue Shift and Opposing Force add-ons.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Chumtoad is completely harmless, and serves mainly as an Easter egg in games where you perform.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The Protozoan Protozoan is a harmless Xen creature.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It is a bluish, transparent stone-like ensemble.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It is neither responsive to stimuli nor offensive.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Armament Snark Snark is an alien species, and one of the smallest of them.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The snark resembles a large-sized copebeetle, and it emits very high whims.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

A total of ten snarks could be used by the player and could be characterised as Xen's version of a hand grenade.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

When thrown at enemies, the snarks attack their target and after a while explode.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Occasionally, they might even, if wrongly thrown or newly discovered, chase a player.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Despite their small size, snarks are very dangerous even for heavily equipped soldiers.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Snarks can also be encountered in the form of a mine, though only in a parent game.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Alien Aircraft Alien Aircraft (English) Alien Aircraft) or Manta Ray, is an aircraft piloted by vortigaunts.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

There are two types, one of which carries enemies while the other destroys enemies within its radius.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

One of these aircraft destroys e.g.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

At the beginning of Adrian Shephard's Goose 7-ship game Opposing Force.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Hivehand Hivehand, or Hornet Gun (Finnish. hornet cannon) is one of the weapons used by the Xenites.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It can be used to shoot ten hornets at once that follow the target and make great destruction when hit.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The gun will recharge itself, and it will never run out of stakes.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The weapon is particularly used by alien grunts, and the player can also get it in their arsenal.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Xen Sentry Cannon Xen Sentry Cannon (English. Xen cannon) is a laser-firing cannon used by the Xenites.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It is only seen in one field during the parent game.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Xen Ceiling Turret Xen Ceiling Turret (English. Xen cannon) is a laser-firing cannon used by the Xenites.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It hangs from the ceiling, and is seen sparsely in Half-Life.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Flora Xen Fungus Xen Fungus (Finnish. fungus) has Xenian flora.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Light Stalk Light Stalk (English. light reed) is a Xenian flora that illuminates fields.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It will hide in its frame if you get too close to it.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Trees Xen trees are tall trees with a pointed tip on the end.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

It tries to hit its tip too close to an trying threat.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Xen Crystals Xen Crystals (English. Xen crystals) are one of the major Black Mesa research sites.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Mystery crystals cause the events of the entire game, in the form of a resonance cascade.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Xen Trampoline Xen Trampoline (English. Xen trampoline) is a trampoline manifested in Xen terrain.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

After jumping on it, the player bazooks to a height of several metres.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The player has to take advantage of it often in Xen to get forward in the pitches.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Other Healing Pool Healing Pool Healing Tub) is Xen's equivalent of Black Mesa's first aid kits.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

When standing in the tub, the player's health score always rises to full readings.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

The healing effect of the tub never stops in the middle.


Question: What is Xen Half-Life in games?

Xen (Half-Life)

Category:Half-Life Category:Fictional Places


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Risperidone (trade name Risperidon Orion, Risperidon Krka, Risperdal Consta (injection), formerly Rispazin, abroad also Orizon [1]) is an atypical antipsychotic [2].


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Risperidone is used to treat the psychosis phase and hallucinations of schizophrenia and the mania phase of bipolar disorder.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Short-term (up to 1.5 months of medication), it is also used to reduce aggression in a demented person with alzheimer's or children and adolescents with developmental disabilities over 5 years of age, when non-medicated means do not help.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

[3] The drug was developed by Janssen-Cilag, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, and entered the market in 1994.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

[4] Risperidone should not be used to treat schizophrenia or mania in persons under 18 years of age.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

[3] Very common More than 1 in 10 users experience parkinsonism (symptoms such as slow, sluggish walking, rest tremor, increased salivation and/or drooling, facial expressiveness, slow or impaired movements, stiffness or muscle tightness and the resulting twitching of movements, sometimes a feeling of stagnation of movement, after which movement resumes), fatigue, decreased state of viability, difficulty falling asleep and sleeping, and headaches [3].


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Common One in 10 to 100 users has pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, ear infection, eye inflammation, conjunctivitis, chest pain, bone or muscle aches, back pain, joint pain, sore throat, dental pain, abdominal pain, other pain, discomfort in the abdomen, shortness of breath, nasal congestion, forced movements (muscle movements that may be repetitive, convulsive or wrenching movements or jerks), movement disorders, i.e. dystonia (slow or prolonged contraction of muscles usually in the facial muscles, but also elsewhere, e.g.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

abnormal movements of the eyes, mouth, tongue or jaw, possibly postural abnormalities), seizures, falls and dizziness, tremors, urinary incontinence, blurred vision, increase in prolactin levels (either asymptomatic or cause men breast swelling, difficulty obtaining and maintaining erectile or other sexual dysfunction, women again uncomfortable sensations in the breast, milk drain, missing menstruation or other menstrual disorders), gaining weight, increased or decreased appetite, vomiting, nausea, constipation, diarrhoea, digestive disorders, swelling of the body, arms or legs, fever, weakness, fatigue, dry mouth, runny nose, sleep disturbance, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, irritability, depression, anxiety, anxiety, nosebleeds, cough, cold symptoms, rash and redness of the skin [ 3].


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Uncommon One in 100 to 1000 patients experience stroke or ischemic attack (sudden decrease in blood flow in the brain), confusion, cardiac arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation), failure of conduction between the upper and lower part of the heart, abnormalities in electrical conduction of the heart, prolongation of the QT interval of the heart, slowed heart rate, abnormalities in the electrocardiogram, palpitations (feeling of flutter or throbbing in the chest), pneumonia due to the withdrawal of food, pulmonary haemorrhage, airway haemorrhage, coarse of breath, breathing wheezing, voice disturbance, respiratory disorders, difficulty swallowing, diabetes or already existing worsening, tardive dyskinesia (twitching or twitching movements of the face, tongue or other parts of the body, notified to the doctor), seizures, fainting, unresponsiveness stimuli, loss of consciousness, low level of consciousness, vestibular disorders, gait changes, coordination abnormalities, posture abnormalities, joint stiffness, joint swelling, muscle weakness, neck pain, need to move some parts of the body, dizziness when standing up, disturbances in concentration, difficulty speaking, loss or abnormality of taste, decreased sensitivity to pain and touch, sensation of tingling, tingling or numbness of the skin, increased levels of creatine phosphokinase (sometimes released when muscle tissue is broken down), decreased white blood cell count (fight infection), decreased white blood cell count, decreased platelet count (stop bleeding), anaemia, decreased red blood cell count, increase in blood eosinophils, high blood sugar levels, excessive drinking of water, increase in transaminases, GGT concentration increase, increase in liver enzyme levels, increase in cholesterol levels, respiratory infection, cystitis, eye inflammation, tonsillitis, nail fungus infection, skin infection, infection confined to any skin or body area, viral infection, tick-induced dermatitis, gastroenteritis, pain when urinating, frequent urination, inability to urinate, faecal incontinence, very hard stools, profuse farting, vertigo, eye photosensitivity, dryness of the eyes, increased tear fluid secretion, redness of the eyes, ringing in the ears, ear pain, disruption of sexual function, decreased sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, ejaculation disorder, menstrual disorders in women (e.g. missing menstruation), breast development in men, milk drain from breasts, pain in the mammary glands, chest discomfort, weight loss of white discharge, loss of appetite and consequent malnutrition and underweight, low blood pressure, especially when standing up (may cause weakness or dizziness or fainting when getting up), increased mania mood, nervousness, irritability, feeling uncomfortable, thirst, feeling sick, uncomfortable sensations in the chest, nightmares, swelling of the face, mouth, eyes or lips, chills, body temperature rise, hives, other rash, itching, hair loss, skin loss thickening, dry skin, discoloration of the skin, acne, itching and flaking of the skin or scalp, skin disorders, skin injury, allergic reaction to blush and pain associated with the procedure [3].


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Rare One in 1000 to 10,000 users experience coma due to untreated diabetes, malignant neuroleptic syndrome (symptoms of confusion, decreased consciousness or unconsciousness, high fever and severe muscle stiffness), cerebrovascular disorders, blood clot in the leg, pulmonary embolism, sudden damage to muscle tissue (breakdown of muscle fibers and muscle pain), pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, heart rhythm disturbances, dangerous low levels of certain infection-fighting white blood cells, severe allergic reaction (symptoms of fever, mouth, face, lips or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, itching, rash and occasionally decreased blood pressure), other swelling of the tongue, head tremor, lack of emotion, orgasmic impairment, difficulty breathing during sleep, rapid, shallow breathing, increase in insulin levels in the blood (regulates blood sugar levels), sugar in urine, low blood sugar, high triglyceride fat content, dangerously abundant water drinking, IFIS syndrome in case of cataract surgery (to tell the ophthalmologist of current or past use of risperidone before cataract surgery), permanent erection (may require surgical treatment), intraocular pressure, difficulty in eye movement or rotation, eyelid curdling, abnormal excretion of the hormone regulating urine, yellowing of the skin and eyes, delay in menstruation, enlargement of the mammary glands, breast enlargement, exudate breast, lip cracking, drug rash, infectious disease, dandruff, skin hardening, decreased body temperature, coldness in the arms and legs and withdrawal symptoms due to discontinuation [3].


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Very rare Up to 1 in 10,000 users experience additional life-threatening disorders due to untreated diabetes, a severe allergic reaction (possibly involving swelling in the throat causing breathing problems) and lack of bowel muscle movements due to intestinal obstruction [3].


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Other According to a study published in 2016, risperidone is the only antipsychotic that, when used during pregnancy, increases the likelihood of birth defects in a child.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

However, scientists take the results with a reservation before conducting further studies.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

[5] Any dizziness, fatigue and visual impairment caused by risperidone may interfere with driving a vehicle, using heavy tools or machinery, or other tasks requiring concentration.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Assessment of functional capacity is the responsibility of the user, but it is advisable to discuss this with the doctor.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

[3] Risperidone reduces behavioral disorders in its user, but it blocks serotonin receivers, so it can contradictorily sometimes increase physical activity.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Like many other antipsychotics, long-term use of risperidone can cause permanent brain damage and impairment of cognitive abilities.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

[6] [7] Alcohol consumption should be avoided during treatment with risperidone [3].


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Dosage Risperidone may be prescribed for mild psychoses in tablets such as 1 mg/morning and 1 mg/evening and the usual dose is 2 mg/morning and 2 mg/evening tablets.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

The injection form Risperdal Consta is usually administered 25 mg every 2 weeks intramuscularly.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

The dosage can be increased to 37.5 mg and from it up to 50 mg in two weeks.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

[6] Generally risperidone is used alongside other medicines.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Risperidone generally works well against psychoses.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

In small doses, it has a mood-leveling or depressive stimulant effect, the intensity of which is individual between different patients.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Often higher doses of risperidone soothe and smaller ones stimulate.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Method of action Risperidone resembles haloperidol in its chemical formula and structure to some extent, but is the more effective and superior drug in terms of side effects.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

[8] Risperidone is a selectively monoamine blocking drug with moderate binding to 5-HT2 serotonin receptors and strongly to D2-dopamine receptors.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

It also blocks alpha-1 and -2 −adrenaline receivers and H1-histamine receivers, but does not bind to choline receivers.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

As a second-knee antipsychotic, risperidone causes fewer muscle tension stiffness states and impairment of motor functions than traditional antipsychotics.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Risperidone is converted into 9-hydroxyrisperidone (paliperidone) by the enzyme CYP2D6 in the body, which has therapeutic effects similar to risperidone.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone together reduce psychoticism.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Many times risperidone stiffens and soothes.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

When combined with alcohol, it has a crippling effect, like almost all other antipsychotics and sedative benzodiazepines.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Risperidone is a so-called major tranquiliser, or a tranquiliser, separated from mildly sedative benzodiazepines (minor tranquiliser).


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

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Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

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Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

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Question: Who has developed risperidone?

Risperidone

Category:Atypical antipsychotics Category:Piperidines Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Metastability, or metastability, means a phenomenon in which a system can remain in a state where its energy is not the lowest possible.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

With the system in a metastable state, all parameters describing its state receive stationary values that remain constant.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Each isolated system has a certain stable state of least energy, that is, a base state.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Along with it, the system can have several metastable states that are moderately persistent.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Discharge of a metastable state usually requires a certain amount of energy from an external source, but when this occurs, more energy is released than that threshold energy (which in chemistry is referred to as activation energy).


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Metastable systems are common in many fields including mechanics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and atomic and nuclear physics, as well as electronics.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Many complex natural and artificial systems are metastable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Those are common, at least in mechanics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and electronics.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Today, the concept of metastability is also used in neurosciences and decision theory.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

A simple example of a metastable system is a sphere in a pit on the ridge of a hill.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In this case, its potential energy is not at its minimum, but it has a local minimum at the bottom of the pit and will not go into circulation unless it receives additional energy from an external source.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

However, if it is pushed in any direction to the extent that it crosses the rampart surrounding the pit, it begins to roll lower.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Feedback dynamic systems such as electronic circuits, signal transport, decision systems and neuroscientific systems are stable or metastable depending on whether the ratio of active and reactive models to external influences remains constant in time or not.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In these thermal fluctuations, the counterpart is so-called white noise, which affects signal propagation and decision-making.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Statist Physics and Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Thermodynamics also study states where the system is not in thermal equilibrium.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

The thermal motion of atoms or other particles might as if “lock” into a state where its energy is not the lowest possible.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Such a condition is said to be “kinetically persistent”.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Conditions of matter The metastable conditions of matter include supercooled and overheated liquids.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Perfectly pure supercooled water can something remain liquid at temperatures below 0°C until it comes into contact with some solid particle around which it begins to crystallize.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In atmospheric clouds, water is often supercooled.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Condensed matter and macromolecules Metastable phases are common in dense matter.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

For example, diamond, at normal temperature and pressure, is a metastable form of carbon.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[1] Under suitable conditions, it can turn into graphite, releasing energy, which at low pressure and temperatures above 1900 kelvins occurs rapidly.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[1] Martensite is a metastable phase that regulates the hardness of most grades of steel.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Bonds between polymers such as DNA, RNA, and structural components of proteins are also metastable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Metastable polymorphs of quartz are also common.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Sometimes, for example, in the case of solid boron, or allotropes, a sample consisting of a stable phase is even difficult to prepare.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[2] In general, emulsions, colloids and glasses are also metastable forms of the substance.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Sand heaps and avalanches In a steep slope or tunnel, sand heaps may be in a metastable state.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Grains of sand form heaps, which under the influence of friction are permanent.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

An entire large pile of sand can end up in a state where it is stable, but if one grain of sand is added to it, it causes a wide portion of the pile to collapse.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In the same way, snow and ice crystals accumulated on slopes can erupt as avalanches, which are common accidents in mountainous areas.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In dry conditions, heaps of snow accumulated in the mountains can collapse in the same way as heaps of sand.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

From the slope of an entire mountain, snow may suddenly come rolling down under the influence of a skier or just a loud noise.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Metastable systems in quantum mechanics Many systems described in quantum mechanics, formed by more subatomic particles (for example, quarks in nucleons, nucleons in atomic nuclei, electrons in atoms and molecules and atomic clusters) can exist in many distinct ways separable spaces.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Of these, in general, one is a completely stable base state with a minimum energy; sometimes there may be several such basic states that form a small set of degenerate energy states.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In all other states, the system has a higher energy than the base state.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Among these other states, those with half-lives at least 102 or 103 times greater than those of the most short-lived states of the system are generally considered metastable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

The metastable state is therefore long-lived, but does not last indefinitely.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

It is an excitation state where there is more energy than in the base state, and eventually it decays to a more stable state, giving away energy.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In fact, above the absolute zero point, all states of the system have a non-zero probability of decay, that is, to move to another, usually lower energy state.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

One method by which this can occur is quantum mechanical tunneling.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In nuclear physics, a Nuclide is a type of atomic nucleus with a certain number of protons and neutrons.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Each nuclide has a specific mass number and charge characteristic of it, but even the same nucleus can have several excitation states in addition to the base state, where it has a higher energy.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Typically, tuning modes unravel so quickly, in less than 10-10 seconds, that their lifespan cannot be measured.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

However, if the excitation state is long-lived enough to measure its lifespan, the nucleus is called an isomeric nucleus.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In this case, it is a question of the metastable state of the nucleus.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

As the excitation mode is discharged, the nucleus emits gamma radiation.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[3] for metastable isomers, a notation is used where a lowercase letter m has been added after the mass number.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Such is technetium-99m, for example, which has an exceptionally long lifespan of just over six hours.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[4] In atomic and molecular physics, some excitation modes of electron curtains in atoms are also metastable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

For example, Rydberg atoms are metastable excitation states of atoms.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

The transition of an atom from such a state to a base state is inhibited, or at least rendered somewhat unlikely, by the selection rules for electric dipoles.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

The electron that ends up on the metastable orbital is kind of left sealed there.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

However, when the transition from such a state to a base state is possible, though unlikely, the electron eventually spontaneously ends up at a lower energy level by emitting radiation.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

This property of electrons is exploited in lasers.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

When an atom is hit by light with a certain wavelength, the electrons move to a higher energy level.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

When the arrival of light ceases, the excited electrons return to their original state, most often as early as 10-8 seconds.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

However, if an electron has ended up in a metastable state, it will stay there longer, usually about 10-3 seconds.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[5] Because of this, electrons accumulate in metastable states because electrons are transferred to them faster than they return from there to the base state.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

This phenomenon, on which the action of the laser is based, is called the population version.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In some substances, the electron may remain in a metastable state for up to several hours.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Such matter becomes self-illuminating under the influence of light and remains so for several more hours, although it is transferred to the dark until all electrons have returned to the base state.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

The phenomenon is called phosphorescence.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[6] In chemistry, a system formed by atoms or molecules is metastable if its molar Gibbs energy is not the smallest possible, but the activation energy, the hut transition to this stable state requires, is greater than the prevailing temperature multiplied by Boltzmann with a constant.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Thus, the metastable state corresponds to the local minimum of Gibbs energy, the stable state of least energy again its smallest value.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[7] In the diagram above, the metastable states are therefore comparable to valleys or wells (point 1), the stable state again to the lowest valley (point 3).


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Due to the oscillations and thermal motion of molecules, chemical substances that energetically are comparable to the top of a round hill are very short-lived.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Metastable states, on the other hand, can persist for several seconds or even years.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

A common type of metastability is isomery.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Isomers are chemical compounds whose molecule contains atoms of the same elements each in equal numbers, but in different ways to each other.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Since these tend to have different high heat of formation, of the interchangeably isomeric compounds, only one is stable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Others may still be metastable and somewhat long-lived, since it takes at least a certain amount of activation energy to change an isomer into another.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

The stability or metastability of a chemical system depends on the environment, especially temperature and pressure.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Whether born is a stable or metastable form of the substance can have considerable consequences.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

For example, during manufacturing or storage, a drug has crystallized into the wrong crystal form, it may lose its potency.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[8] A graph showing which shape at what temperature, pressure and/or configuration is most stable is called a phase diagram.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In areas of the diagram, where a particular form is not the most stable, it may still be metastable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Substances generated as intermediate stages of reactions are short-lived and are thermodynamically unstable rather than metastable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

The IUPAC recommends them to be said to be transients rather than metastable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[9] Some modes in mass spectrometry [10] and spectrochemistry are also metastable.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

[11] Electronic Circuits In electronics, metastability is usually a problem.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

A variable circuit is assumed to settle in one of a small number of states, but if it is prone to metastability, it might lock into an unwanted state.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

Computational Neuroscience Metastability in the brain is a phenomenon studied in computational neuroscience to try to figure out how the human brain recognizes patterns.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

In this context, the term “metastable” is used in a somewhat imprecise sense.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

The issue is not that there are also lower energy states; instead, the brain receives signals that last for a while and deviate from the usual state of equilibrium.


Question: Where can metastability be found?

Metastability

See also Hysteresis Sources Category:Dynamic Systems Category:Chemical Properties


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfighting (,) is a traditional folk amusement popular especially in Spain where toreros, or bullfighters, perform various maneuvers with the aim of controlling the bull, which they end up often slaying.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Fighting bulls are their own breed and are purpose-bred for bullfights.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Fighting bulls are unpitted bulls and are taken into battle at the age of 4—6.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The bullfighting show traditionally features six bulls as well as three matadors, or head bullfighters.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

At the beginning, the matador's assistants tire of capes and horses towards the rushing bull with its blankets and blades.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

At the end of the show, the matador encounters the bull alone, maneuvering it with the aid of a red garment, or muleta, and eventually slaying it with a sword.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The performance of a matador is judged, for example, in terms of its artistry.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfighting is very dangerous and several hundred matadors have died in the sport over the course of history.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Since the 1980s there have been two deaths worldwide, both in the 2010s.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfighting is practiced in Spain, Portugal, southern France and several Latin American countries.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

In Spain, bullfighting officially has the status of national cultural heritage.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

In some parts of the country, however, it is now forbidden, as some see it as cruel.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Prevalence Spain is the number one country for bullfighting.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Madrid is considered the capital of bullfighting, and the city has two active bullrings, the Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas and the Plaza de Toros Palacio Vistalegre.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Also, for example, Seville, Pamplona, Valencia and Bilbao are major bullfighting cities.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfights are also held in countries such as Portugal, southern France, Mexico, as well as South America's Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Ecuador.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[1] [2] In Portugal, the bull is not killed, bullfighters are usually on horseback and the bull's horns are sometimes dulled.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Mexico City's bullring is the largest in the world.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[1] In 2013, in a vote of the Spanish Parliament, bullfighting officially gained the status of Spanish cultural heritage and, consequently, outlaw.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[3] History The origins of bullfighting have been lost in the twilight of history, but the species seems to have had many predecessors.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

In the Iberian Peninsula, a species in which men struggled against oxen was developed during the Visigoths during the 400—6th centuries.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

By the 10th century, bullfights in urban squares or amphitheatres at Pitsi had become common.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

After the Reconquista, bullfighting became the fun of aristocrats.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfighting was banned by Pope Pius V in 1567, but their popularity continued to grow, and they were re-legalised.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

In the 1621—1665 season of Philip IV, the bullfighter's peitsen replaced the short spear.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

By the 18th century, Spanish bullfighters had already moved to fighting on foot, and on horseback were now helpers.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

In Portugal, bullfighters still continued on horses.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[4] Bullfighting had grown in popularity in the 18th century so that fighting bulls could be refined for fighting.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

One of the early greats of the species was Joaquín Rodríguez Costillares (d. 1729), known as the father of modern bullfighting.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

At that time, efforts were still being made to kill the bull rather quickly, but over time the skill in handling the bull rose alongside the kill.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[4] Bullfighters and the passage of the show In the traditional and most common form of a bullfighting event, three matadors meet and kill six bulls in turn.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The most experienced matador is on the first shift.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The whole event lasts two and a half hours.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] Matador is the main star of bullfighting.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

His name appears in advertisements for events, and he's what the public comes to see.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The Matadors lead their group of three banderilleros and two picadors as well as several other assistants (cuadrilla) during the show.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Matadors usually start their careers by attending bullfighting school as youngsters.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[6] The show is initially performed as an opening parade paséillo, with matadors, other performers and assistants entering the arena.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The group walks in front of the office of the chief magistrate (presidente).


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] Each individual battle of the event has three parts.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

In the first part, the bull is let out of the gate into the arena and the matador teams up with his assistants to test its reactions and fitness.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Each bullfighter, or torero, wears a cape, or capote, which is usually purple and yellow in colour.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The matador waves his cape in front of the bull and directs its attacks past using different techniques.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Once the matador has gained control of the bull, two picadors ride into the arena, who strike the bull on its thick neck with their covers.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Picador's horse wears flank guards and an eye patch to prevent it from panicking when attacked by a bull.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The blanket stings are used to determine how brave the bull is and can be used to make the bull hold its head lower.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

At the same time, it will be seen if there is a defect in the ox, for which it would have to be replaced.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] In the second part of the battle, banderilleros enter the arena, whose job is to strike banderillas, wooden sticks with a four-inch blade at the end of the bull's neck.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Sometimes the banderillos are struck by the matador himself.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Striking banderillas is all about showing courage and daring the bull to make long rushes.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

At the same time, the matador learns more about the behavior of the bull.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] In the third and final part of the battle, the faena, the matador fights the bull alone.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

He has in his hand a cape made of red cloth, or muleta, with a wooden edge.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

He initially carries a fake sword made of wood or aluminum, which he exchanges at the end for a genuine steel sword.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The matador swings his muleta in front of the bull and maneuvers the bull with spectacular and daring gestures as it attacks towards the cape.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Each matador has its own kind of movements.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] The Matador has ten minutes, by which time he must slay the bull.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

If he doesn't, the trumpet will be played to signal he gets three minutes of extra time.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

He will then receive another two minutes of extra time if necessary, but if the bull is yet to be killed after all, the fight will be suspended and the bull will be taken to the slaughter.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] When the matador is ready for a death blow, he takes a steel sword and strikes it between the bull's shoulder blades, usually directly from the front.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The impact severs the bull's aorta, and it usually crashes soon after the impact.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The speed and efficiency of the kill is an important part of the value of a matador's execution.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] Matador is also judged in terms of the artistry and aesthetics of his overall performance and its particular quality.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[6] Sometimes rarely a bull's life is spared if it showed exceptional valour.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] If the audience appreciates the matador's performance by standing up and waving white handkerchiefs, the chief judge may award the matador one ear, two ears, or, in the best case, ears and tail of the bull as a prize.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

One ear is awarded if more than half the public demands it.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

A lap of honour can also be arranged for the brave ox.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[5] Bulls Breeding In Spanish and Latin American culture, bulls are valued for their sweetness, agility and controlled power.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfighting bulls are their own breed that has been bred for centuries just for bullfights.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[4] Today the most popular breed is the Vistahermosa, whose characteristics are considered the most suitable for modern bullfighting.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Matadors and followers of the species may have their own favorite breeds.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[7] A typical fighting bull weighs between 450 and 650 kilograms.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The fighting bull has a particularly strong neck.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Its coloration, as well as the length of its horns, legs, and tail, vary from breed to breed.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[7] The young bull is weaned, vaccinated and combusted.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Annuals are inspected in open meadows, and from sufficiently ferocious and brave, fighting bulls are bred.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

The rejected are sent to the slaughterhouse.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Two- or three-year-old heifers are tested in a small arena: the best are used for breeding and the others are sent to the slaughterhouse.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[4] Fighting bulls are not castrated.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[8] Fighting bulls are bred on private ranches that Spain has across the country.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[7] The most famous bull farms are located in Seville.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[4] The fighting bull is allowed to live in the pasture free in the herd with other bulls throughout his life.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

It is well fed and as good care is taken as possible for its health, as only bulls in good condition are fit for bullfighting.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[7] The bull is not allowed to engage with humans, but its aggressiveness is determined by horses.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[8] In battle, Taurus is taken to his first and last battle of his life at the age of 4—6.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

After the fight, the bull's meats are sold for food.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[7] Each bull is used in combat only one time, as the bull has a good memory, and an experienced bull is too dangerous an opponent.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[4] The bull attacks the horns inherently towards anything threatening, and during battle the bullfighters use it to attack its cloak.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

You can't predict the behavior of an individual bull in battle.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Some bulls retreat to the edge of the arena, but brave bulls repeatedly scramble towards the capes of the toreros.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfighting is especially appreciated for the kind of bulls that put their heads right down when attacked.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Attacks also need to be ferocious and consistent.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[7] Dangerousness An unbrushed person who has entered the arena with the Taurus is at serious risk of injury and death.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfighting is very dangerous even for an experienced bullfighter.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

According to statistics, there have been at least 533 deaths of Spanish bullfighters since the 18th century.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[9] After 1987, no matadors died for nearly three decades.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

In 2016, Spaniard Victor Barrio died and in 2017 Spaniard Ivan Fandiño died.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[10] [11] According to unofficial statistics, in 2013, 31 matadors and 16 assistants were injured from bull horns in Spain's 661 bullfights.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Some of the injuries were life-threatening.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Injuries to bullfighters, thanks to advances in medicine, no longer result in death as often as in the past, and large arenas have surgeons treating the injured.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[9] Opposition Some see bullfighting as raw, and the sport has attracted opposition around the world, including in Spain.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

In 2015, several Spanish cities ended their support for bullfighting.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

There is also a marked decline in the number of bullfights in the 21st century.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Among the parties in Spain, bullfighting is opposed, especially by those on the left.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[12] In the Canary Islands, bullfighting was banned in 1991.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[13] Catalonia banned bullfighting starting in 2012.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[14] Defence Bullfighting advocates say bullfighting is a less cruel and unhappy fate for the bull than that which would await a bull in a slaughterhouse.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Supporters say bullfighting is also less violent than professional boxing and causes fewer injuries than American football.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Bullfighting has also been championed as an art form, as well as for its entertainment value and employable impact.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[4] Well-known bullfighters Spaniards Juan Belmonte (1892—1962) Joselito (José Gómez Ortega, 1895—1920) Domingo Ortega (1906—1988) Manolete (Manuel Rodríguez, 1917—1947) El Cordobés (Manuel Benítez Pérez, born 1936) El Juli (Julián López Escobar, p. 1982) [15] Mexican Rodolfo Gaona (1888—1975) Armillita (Fermín Espinosa, 1911—1978) Carlos Arruza (1920—1966) [15] A book about the aesthetics of bullfighting by American writer Ernest Hemingway and its cultural and ritualistic features Death afternoon (1932) remains one of the most prestigious works in the field.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

Hemingway also addressed bullfighting in his novel And the Sun Rises (1926).


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

[16] Sources on the topic elsewhere.


Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

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Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

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Question: Where does the name torero come from?

Bullfighting

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sisu is a confectionery pastille made from gum arabic and licorice developed in Finland in 1928 and is now manufactured by Cloetta.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

History of Sisu 1920s—1960s Sisun was launched in 1928 by the Turku-based confectionery factory Tehdas-Limited Company Seres (later Oy Seres Ab), whose factory was located in Hämeenkatu.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The development of the pastille had been started a year earlier by Johan Ponkamo, a chemist from Seres, with the intention of finding a counterpart to Swedish Läkerol lozenges.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

As an aid, he used the instruction for wine-gum tablets containing gum arabic he found in a German book.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Combining gum arabic and licorice into a composition-appropriate lozenge proved to be a tricky and time-consuming job.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The peculiar Sisu aroma emerged only after countless attempts and experiments.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Its composition was — and still is — a closely guarded secret.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] 200px|the inventor of the right Sisu name and the exact moment of birth of the name are shrouded in obscurity.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Most likely, the name came about at the Seres factory as a result of teamwork, like many other names of the factory's products.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sisu was clearly a 1920s fashion term.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The packaging and logo of Sisu were developed by Arnold Tilgmann, a 25-year-old artist who worked at the Kiviprint in Turku.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sisu's logo has remained similar from the 1920s to the present day.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The word is written in the logo with an old fracture and looks to the contemporary reader rather like the word “Gifu”.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] [2] In the first year, Sisuja sold 28,000 boxes, which is little on today's metrics.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

In the 1920s sweets were commonly eaten little, instead of a candy bag, children were given one candy every now and then.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] Interior became a product of success, even though it wasn't just advertised.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The popularity was guaranteed by the appropriate choice of names and aromas suited to Finnish tastes.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sisu won the gold medal immediately after entering the sale in 1928 at the Liège International Food Fair.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The image of the medal won by Sisu was placed on the lid of the lozenge box.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The picture has always been in the box ever since.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] In advertisements of the 1930s, the lozenge, or “breast tablet” as it said on the packaging, was especially recommended for singers, speakers and smokers, in practice it was a popular breath freshener and cough lozenge.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The Seres factory moved in 1938 to Rauhankatu 14 in the centre of Turku.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The factory was ultra-modern, but was located on 3 floors, which caused transportation problems between floors and required a lot of manpower.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

By the late 1930s, Sisu was already selling one million caskets a year.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] During wartime, the manufacture of Sisu ceased for a few years — in 1943, the use of sugar for civilian sweets was banned.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

In wartime, the Seres factory survived by making products such as vinegar, baking soda and Christmas tree decorations, but after the war the focus was solely on sweets.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The first Sisut were obtained into stores in the fall of 1946.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sugar did not return to a fully free market until 1954.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] In the 1950s and 1960s, advertisements for Sisu appeared mostly in the local press, sometimes in national papers such as the Finnish Kuvallehti.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The same promotional images were used from year to year, and even decade after decade.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] In the late 1950s, Sisua was selling about 900,000 boxes a year and was a well-known and popular lozenge throughout the country.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Several ice rinks were purchased advertising space under the ice — SISU logos were placed on the corners of the field.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] Sisu's raw materials came to the factory in large batches, which was laborious.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

As wages rose, manufacturing Sisu on Rauhakatu was very expensive, so the move to a more automated factory became topical.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] 1970s—1980s In the 1970s, the term breast tablet in packaging was replaced first by breast pastilles and then lozenges.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

There was a shortage of gum arabic, so sales had to be restricted — merchants dispensed Sisu according to how much they had previously sold Sisuja.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] In the early 1970s, a sorbitol sweetened version of Sisu was launched.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

There was time to advertise the lozenge as sugar-free, but according to regulations, a product sweetened with sorbitol is not “sugar-free”.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Therefore, a new word “Sokton” was introduced.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

When the use of sugar was abandoned, the texture of the lozenge changed: it became soft, which increased the demand for the confection.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] In the mid-1970s, a version sweetened with xylitol also went on sale and was developed together with the Department of Dentistry of the University of Turku.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

There had been challenges in developing the xylitol version of Sisu, as it was almost impossible to make the lozenge structure remain as it was.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

In 1973, a new modern factory was completed in the municipality of Aura, which also raised sales — more lozenges could be produced at the factory than before.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] When Seres CEO Pekka Ponkamo died unexpectedly in November 1974, the owners (the families of Kaupaasie and Ponkamoide) decided to sell the company with their brands to Rettig.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] Rettig, familiar as a tobacco company, had long thought Sisu for himself and was the only brand that Rettig continued to manufacture in 1975.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] In the mid-1970s, Sisu began to be marketed on television.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The advertisement “In the beginning was bog, hoe and Jussi”, which rose to the status of a classic, was created by the advertising agency Lintas.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

It exploited the popularity of films based on Here Under the North Star book.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Risto Taulo, who played Jussi Koskela in the films, also cleared the marsh in the commercial.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The commercial was still aired in the 1980s and held the record for a long time as the most frequently aired television commercial in Finland.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

With the advertisement, Sisu grew into a national institution.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The commercials that followed featured, among others, a weightlifter from the beginning of the century, a horseman pulling a sleigh himself, Liisa Paatso as a Finnish maiden, Risto Taulo digging a deep well and rolling a large rock and a branch cross man who beat professionals in a bike race and Pauli Kiurua pursued blonde.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] By the early 1990s, Sisu had become the sixth best-selling confection in Finland.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sisu's marketing was strongly associated with hockey.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Television commercials featured excerpts from the Finnish ice hockey national team matches and all ice rinks at the league-level ice rinks had Sisu's logo painted inside the starting circles.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] The new target audience was sought with the sugar-free Sisu 2000 lozenge, which, according to the advertising texts, was 'soft, suitably saucy and like a Finnish woman'.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The people did not get carried away and the product was quickly withdrawn from the market.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

In 1992, in an exchange between Rettig and Huhtamaki, Leaf gained ownership of Seres.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Leaf had struggled against Sisu with the Stop lozenge, the manufacture of which it now discontinued.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Leaf continued marketing Sisu with the hockey theme started by Rettig and signed a deal with SM-liiga.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sisu's hockey campaign culminated in Finland reaching the World Ice Hockey Championship in the spring of 1995.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

SISU hockey cards came to Finland in 1993 and were produced until 1996, when the nation was a little tired of the theme after the World Championship year.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] The first SISU novelty produced by Leaf was Salmiakki-Sisu, launched in 1994, which immediately became the best-selling salmiak lozenge in Finland.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

A sugar-free version of the product, Xylitol Salmiakki Sisu entered the market in 1995.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The original Sugari-Sisu sold in a traditional square box was discontinued in 1998 [1].


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

When Sisu turned 70 years old in 1998, mountaineer Veikka Gustafsson was seen in commercials for the anniversary.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Gustafsson had, in late 1997, along with Patrick Degerman, been the first to climb one of Antarctica's highest peaks.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

The mountain was named Mount Sisu, meaning Sisuvuori.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] In 1999, Leaf passed into the ownership of Dutch CSM.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

2000s-2010s In the 2000s, several new flavors began to be produced from Sisu.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sisu Horna differed from previous Sisu products in composition and packaging — it is sold in small paper bags.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

Sisu Horna is sweetened with sugar.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (pastille)

[1] In the summer of 2002, Sisu Horna was released, after which Sisu's marketing was integrally incorporated into rock festivals, a deal was made with MoonTV.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

Horna's promotional characters were even tattooed on his arms.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

In 2007, Sisu began sponsoring Sturm und Drang, a power metal band composed of Finnish-Swedish young musicians aged 16—17, founded in Vaasa in 2004.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

SISU collection campaigns started in 2002 received SISU packs by collecting SISU-themed items such as t-shirts.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

[1] In 2008, Sisu turned 80 years old and in honour of the case was published Sisulla it survives! book detailing the history of Sisu.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

The novelty of the jubilee year 2008 was liquorice flavoured and charcoal black Sisu Sysi.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

Sisu was sold over 11 million boxes per year.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

[2] Leaf Suomi Oy became part of the Cloetta Group in June 2013.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

[3] The Aura factory was closed in 2013 and the production of Sisu was transferred to Italy.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

[4] In 2015, the SISU lozenge box was renovated with the help of a public competition.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

[2] Different flavours of Sisu In 2008 there were six different Sisu boxes on sale: Sokton, Xylitol, Salmiakki, Xylitol Salmiakki, Fresh and Sysi.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

Sisu Horna was sold in bags.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

Over 11 million packs of Sisu were sold per year and more than one-sixth of the lozenges sold were SISU branded.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

[1] In 2015, Sisu Horna bag and eight different Sisu boxes are available for sale: Xylitol Salmiakki (of which there are two sizes, 70 g and 36 g), Kekäle, Skku, Sokton, Sysi Xylitol, Sugar Free, Xylitol and Fresh Sugar Free and two different chewing gum bags: Sisu Raikas Tar and Sisu Salmiakki It's ki.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

[5] Preparation of Sisu lozenges In 1928, the raw material mass of Sisu lozenges was cooked in large spades all night, the secret aroma mix was always made by Ponkamo himself.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

The mass was poured into a casting machine, after which the lozenges were polished with oil.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

The quality control was done by Ponkamo personally, he tested e.g.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

the hardness of the lozenge: if the lozenge dropped on the floor did not break into chips, the whole batch was remade.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

The tough Sisui were not abandoned until the 1970s.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

In the 1960s, Sisu's raw materials came to the Rauenkatu factory in large bags of 50 or 100 pounds or in huge bales.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

Large pieces of licorice were beaten apart with an axe, the ingredients were heated separately in large spades over an open fire, then mixed together in a certain order.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

At the Aura plant (1973—2013), gum arabic granules were dissolved in water for a couple of days and the contaminants were sifted away.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

Licorice ingots were plasticized for eight hours in hot water.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

The raw material solution was mixed in large containers, from which it was introduced into the cooking process and into the vacuum tank and ready-made pulp container, from which it is taken into smaller containers.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

In addition to the dye, a secret Sisu aroma was added, which was stored in a safe and whose secret was known only by two people.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

The finished mass was drained on molds made of cornstarch.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

In drying cabinets, the lozenges dried for 30—60 hours, after which the cornstarch was removed for next use with a sieve mesh and the lozenges were polished with oil in the drum before packaging.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

SISU art Sisu lozenges have even been used in art, in 2002 there was an exhibition of portraits of Finnish heroes at Kiasma's Rear Window.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

The work done by Jaakko Veijola and Teemu Väätäinen was made of special materials that told how they were photographed.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

Urho Kekkonen's portrait was made of 17,000 Sisu lozenges.


Question: What year is Gifu founded?

Sisu (lozenge)

[6] [1] Sources elsewhere in Kupila, Sanna: Sisulla survives it, in Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kupila, Sanna| title = Sisua, silo and mustards: branded Turusta| location = Turku| publisher = Turku Provincial Museo| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-51-95- 090-2| page= 94—105}} Category:Finnish confectionery brands Category:Cloetta


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

List of Encrypted Lives in the television series

Personal information about people who left the Encrypted Lives television series aired by MTV3.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

The following of this deals with the families of Encrypted Lives and some of the minor characters.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Here are the persons: Aaltoset Heidi Aaltonen Pertti Aaltonen Pertti Aaltonen (born 5 June 1951) was the father of Heidi and Tuuka.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Her voice was heard in flashbacks by Heidi and Tuuka in 2010.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Pertti had years ago, as a result of a family feud caused by his own jealousy, shot his wife and himself.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Tuukka Aaltonen Tuukka Aaltonen (ed.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Antti Launonen, 2009—2010) is the brother of Heidi Aaltonen, who worked for a long time on an oil rig in Norway, but returned back to Finland to be with his sister, arriving in the series at the same time.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Tuukka founded the Amadeus Gymnasium in Innätalo Amanda together with Ossi Puolaka.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Since then, however, Ossi has bought Tuukanki's stake for himself.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Tuukka lived cohabiting and was engaged to Cindy Rintala.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Tuukka would have wanted to have children, but Cindy's previous pregnancy and the consequent surrender of the child for adoption had caused Cindy the traumas, and she didn't want children.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

This eventually led to the end of the duo's relationship.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Tuukka moved to South America and at the same time exited the series in November 2010.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Arot, Ilola Maija Aro Maija Aro (ed.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Hertta Yrjana, 2006—2008 and Ella Niemelä, 2006) is the daughter of Romeo Aro and Emma Ilola, whose existence Romeo wanted to hide from his new sweetheart Annika.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Later, the secret was revealed to Annika and this too took care of Maija.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

After Annika died, Maija and Romeo stayed with Lasse and Paula Sievinen until they found their own apartment.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Later, Romeo sold narcotics and committed car thefts, resulting in Sergei Kuula and Sebastian Vuorela taking revenge on Romeo.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Maija is kidnapped by Sergei and her mother Helena drugged Romeo.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

As Maija faced child welfare authorities, Romeo's brother Rafael took the girl into his custody.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Maija exited the series in May 2008 [1] and later moved with Romeo and Rafael to Las Vegas, which came to light from the spin-off series Romeo & Rafael Desperados.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

[2] Rafael Aro Rafael Aro [3] (ed.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Sami Ristiniemi, 2007—2008) is Romeo's brother and Maija's uncle.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Rafael's background in childhood is the same as Romeo's: parents couldn't take care of their children, so they found themselves in a children's home.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

In their youth, the brothers feuded, but later worked out between them.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Rafael dated Jenni Vainio for a while, but the relationship ended in separation.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Rafael has also had a sexual relationship with Helena Kuula, for which Helena paid Rafael.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Rafael found himself involved in his brother's twilight business.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

The situation escalated to an accidental shot that hit Sergei Kula.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Following the incident, Rafael fled with Romeo and Maija abroad and was seen on-screen for the last time in May 2008.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

[1] Romeo & Rafael in the Desperados spin-off found out the trio ended up living in Las Vegas.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

[2] Romeo Aro Romeo Aro (es.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Constantinos Mavromichalis, 2006—2008) lived almost all of his youth in a children's home because his parents left him.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

In addition, Romeo's past abandoned in his childhood can be found selling narcotics and stolen cars.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Romeo has a child, Maija, with his ex-girlfriend Emma Ilola.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Romeo began dating Annika Sievinen shortly after his debut as the two quickly became infatuated with each other.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Romeo still kept his paternity from Annika for a long time, but was eventually revealed to be Maija's father.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

Annik took some time to digest the news and after a while Emma left Romeo as a single parent due to her own mental exhaustion.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

After Emma left, Romeo had trouble arranging for Maija to become a nurse, so Annika moved in with Romeo to live.


Question: What is Rauni Maria Erika Luoma's most famous appearance?

After Annika's onset bulimia was revealed, Annika's parents Paula and Lasse Sieviselle moved Annika, Romeo and Maija to live with them.