Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

VP4 is found in a spike on the surface of the virion.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[89] It binds receptor-like molecules on the surface of cells and helps the virus enter the cell.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[90] However, the virus is not contagious until the enzyme protease in the stomach modifies VP4 to VP5* and VP8*, after which it is known how infectious the virus is.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[91] VP4 classifies the virus P type.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[92] VP6 fills most of the capsid.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

It is very antigenic and can be used in the identification of rotavirus strain.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[5] This protein is used in laboratory tests for rotavirus A infections.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[42] VP7 is a glycoprotein formed on the outermost surface of the virion.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

In addition to structural functions, strain G type is classified according to VP7.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

In addition to these six structural viral proteins, there are six non-structural viral proteins (NSPs) that can only be produced by a cell infected by rotavirus, meaning they are not components of the virus.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

These non-structural viral proteins are NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, NSP5, and NSP6.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

NSP1 produced by gene 5 is a non-structural RNA binding protein with a cysteine-rich region and served as a component of intermediates involved in early replication.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

According to predictions of RNA folding, it appears that this messenger RNA region of NSP1 may interact.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[93] NSP2 is an RNA binding protein that accumulates in cellular limainclusions, or viroplasmas, and is required for genomic replication.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[94] [95] In infected cells, NSP3 binds to messenger RNAs of viral genes.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

It stops protein synthesis in cells.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[96] NSP4 is a viral enterotoxin that causes diarrhea.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

It is the first intestinal poison encountered with the virus.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[97] The genome segment of rotavirus A encodes NSP5, which accumulates in viroplasm in virus-infected cells.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[98] NSP6 is a nucleic acid binding protein.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[99] Seven out of twelve proteins encoded by rotavirus appear to have affinity for RNA.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[100] What the significance of these proteins is for rotavirus multiplication is partly beyond understanding.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

Possibly, they have to do with RNA synthesis and virion packaging and may affect the delivery of messenger RNA to the genome replication site, as well as the interpretation of messenger RNA and regulation of gene effect.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[101] Replication Rotavirus is transmitted by enterocytes in the lint supplement of the small intestine and causes both structural and functional changes in epithelial tissue.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[102] Due to the triple protein layer of rotaviruses, the acidic contents of the stomach and intestinal digestive enzymes have no effect on them.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

Due to receptor-mediated endocytosis, the virus enters the cells and forms a vesicle called an endosome in the cell mass.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

Proteins in the third layer break the membrane of the endosome, thereby changing the calcium content.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

Therefore, VP7 trimers break down into single proteins.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

VP2 and VP6 protein layers remain around the double-stranded RNA virus of the virus, and thus a bilayer particle is created.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

The 11 double-stranded RNA strands of the virus remain protected by the two protein shells, and viral RNA replicase transcribes the messenger RNA of the two strands of the viral genome; by hiding in the nucleus, viral RNA avoids RNA interference, caused by the existence of double-stranded RNA.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

During infection, rotavirus produces messenger RNA for both protein synthesis and gene replication.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

The majority of rotavirus proteins are viroplasmasa, where RNA replicates and bilayer proteins are formed.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

Viroplasma is formed in the nucleus up to two hours after infection.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

When RNA interference blocks NSP5, the result is a sharp reduction in rotavirus replication.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

Bilayer proteins migrate to the cellular mucosa, where they acquire the outermost, third layer.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

This layer consists of VP7 and VP4.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

In cellulysis, progeny viruses are released from the cell.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[103] [104] History Jacob Light and Horace Hodes testified in 1943 that a filterable substance in the feces of children with infectious diarrhea also caused diarrhea in livestock.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[105] Thirty years later, the substance was found to be rotavirus in preserved samples.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[106] In the intervening years, the virus in mice [107] was found to be related to cattle pulmonary virus.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[108] In 1973 in Australia, Ruth Bishop described similar viruses in children with gastroenteritis.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[10] [11] [109] In 1974, Thomas Henry Flewett proposed the name rotavirus after finding using an electron microscope that rotavirus looked like a wheel ().


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[110] [111] After four years, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially adopted the name.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[112] In 1976, family viruses were also described in other animals.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[108] These viruses, all of which cause acute gastroenteritis, were identified as a common pathogen affected by both humans and animals.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[110] Rotavirus serotypes were first described in 1980, [113] and the following year, the addition of trypsin, which is important for rotavirus amplification, to the breeding medium, first caused rotavirus in humans to grow in cell cultures derived from monkey kidneys.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[114] The pace of research accelerated thanks to the new finding, and as early as the mid-1980s the first vaccine candidates were being evaluated.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[115] A rotavirus vaccine was approved in the United States in 1998.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

Clinical trials in the United States, Finland and Venezuela have shown the vaccine to be able to prevent 80— 100% of severe diarrhea cases caused by rotavirus A.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

Beyond that, the researchers found no statistically significant serious side effects from the use of the vaccine.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[116] [117] However, the manufacturer of the vaccine withdrew it from the market in 1999 after it was discovered that it may have been a component of intestinal asphyxia received by the 12000 vaccinated baby.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[118] This generated heated debate about the relative dangers and benefits of rotavirus vaccine.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[119] In 2006, two new rotavirus A vaccines were shown to be safe and effective for pediatric patients.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[77] In June 2009, the World Health Organization recommended that all countries add rotavirus vaccine to their national vaccination schedule.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[120] Around the same time, Finland added the vaccine to the infant vaccination schedule, and babies born on 1 July 2009 or later began to be vaccinated against rotavirus in September.


Question: How long does gastroenteritis last?

Rotavirus

[75] Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Viruses Category:57 Biology Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Movement (sometimes Lapuan movement) was a Finnish right-wing radical [1] anti-communist popular movement influenced between 1929 and 1932.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In its initial phase, the movement was pan-bourgeois in nature, but after achieving its primary objective, the prohibition of communist activities, the movement became radicalized and lost the support of the Agrarian and moderate right.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua movement ceased after the failed Mäntsälä Rebellion (27 February — 6 March 1932), after it had failed to overthrow the legitimate government.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The political programme of the movement was continued by the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) from 1932 to 1944.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Main features of the movement's background and development The movement said that the cornered party politicking had poisoned the state atmosphere and caused parties to forget about the interests of the Motherland and Finns.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In place of the “rampant” parliamentarianism, firm governmental powers had to be replaced by the Lapuan Liika Ry, among other things, a majority election.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the opinion of Docent Jussi Niinistö, the Lapua Movement was the most powerful popular movement in Finnish political history, if not the most powerful in the history of Finland, since it got through all its original demands between 1929 and 1930.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the People's Movement was a “posture movement” in support of the government, but soon morphed into a protest movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement had several different means of influence.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Civic assemblies, civic embassies, delegations, demonstrations of mass power and various pleadings were peaceful modes of action of the popular movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Also influential were mounting clamping on Labour houses and “purges” of local councils, in which local councillors known as communists were pressured and intimidated into resigning from their positions of trust.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement did not curl force, which also led to the breaking of the laws.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous form of activity was the “pluses” (rides) of communists and other leftists, which were more or less violent.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those ridden ended up across the eastern border into the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Under the “Lapuan Law”, in addition to illegal rides, the Lapuans committed numerous assaults and even a few murders.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[3] From the end of 1929 until the end of 1930, the Lapua Movement functioned as a spontaneous popular movement with Ostrobothnia as a solid area of support and Vihtori Kosola, a charismatic farmer, activist and peasant as its ideological leader.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Initially, the core organisation of the popular movement was Suomen Lukko, with Artturi Leinonen as its leader.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In general, the spelling lapuanmovement refers to precisely this stage of popular movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In its own time, however, the popular movement was commonly referred to as just the Lapua movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In November 1930, the movement reorganized into an organisation under the name Lapuan Liiku Ry, which nevertheless still retained the proportions of the popular movement thanks to its 30000 active members.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

This organization was dissolved after the failed Mäntsälä Rebellion (27 February — 6 March 1932) on 24 March 1932.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The main difference between the Lapuan Movement and the Lapuan Movement was the latter's insistence on the prohibition of social democratic, that is, all remaining Marxist activities.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The original popular movement relied on so-called white labour, i.e. non-socialist laborers, especially the Cörty peasants, as well as the rest of the rural population, clergy, civil servants and other educated and civilized middle classes.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's Liika Ry, on the other hand, emerged with the gradual radicalization of the popular movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Its active adherence included the so-called upper middle class, namely senior civil servants, wealthier civilisation, more authoritative clergy, powerful military leaders, as well as industrialists and other representatives of the corporate world.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[4] The Lapuan movement took influences from various far-right parties in Europe, especially the Fascists in Italy.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Mussolini's rise to power and activities in Italy were openly admired among the Lapuans.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[5] Although the Lapuan movement was combined with the pan-European anti-communist, right-wing radical and bourgeois movement of its time, it does not always count as a right-wing radical.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Right-wing radicalism subsequently emerged from the tradition of post-activism and was represented by subsequent smaller organisations influenced from the mid-1930s onwards, which had generally emerged from the inner circle of the highly educated and many times Lapua movement in its time.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[4] At the party-political decision-level, a form of Finnish right-wing radicalism was mainly represented by the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL), which was established as an extension of the disbanded Lapua Laika Ry on 5 June 1932 in Hämeenlinna.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The ideological basis and historical background of the whole popular movement was the Finnish Civil War and other events of 1917—1918.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After the war, it seemed that the extreme left had been wiped off the political map of Finland, and Finland's bourgeois democracy was not threatened.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Communist Party of Finland (SKP), founded in the Soviet Union, began to operate in Finland in the 1920s through the Finnish Socialist Workers' Party (SSTP) (1920-1923) and its successor Socialist Workers' and Small Farmers' Electoral Organisation (STPV) (1924—1930).


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists won 27 seats in the parliamentary elections in 1922, 18 seats in 1924, 20 seats in 1927 and 23 in 1929.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

As early as 1923, the Kallion I government had implemented the so-called “Kallio cut” and ceased operations of the SSTP, as well as arresting communist actives.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The activation of the far-left was evident in the fact that so-called white workmen, who had been icemen, tribal warriors or who had served in the war in the white forces, were forced to apologise in the labour papers for these “crimes”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The apology took place in public, usually in a communist-controlled workers' magazine.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Unless repented, had to pay fines or pressured to resign from the job.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

According to Docent Jussi Niinistö, work site terror also included violence described as an accident at work.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

He describes it this way: Similarly, Professor Juha Siltala has stated in his doctoral thesis in 1985 that the Communists, with their terror at the site, provided an effective propaganda weapon to bourgeois circles.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

For those who support white Finland in particular, humbling in the face of the “Moscow minions” was a bitter blow.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

During his graduate work in 1967, researcher Pekka Vanhala examined 482 apology cases, 40% of which were political.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In 93% of political cases, the apology was due to the worker's belonging to a patronage council.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

As many as 73% of all public apologies in Southern Ostrobothnia were from former patrons and Civil War veterans.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement later took as one of its objectives the eradication of this phenomenon known as site terror.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In addition, the communists organized strikes at factories and shipyards where commodities were produced for the needs of the state.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The defence industry, for example, was subject to strike action.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In particular, the ten-month strike of submarine manufacturer Crichton-Vulcan in Turku in 1927 heated emotions.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists received strike instructions from the Soviet Union along with monetary strike grants.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] For the emergence of the anti-communist popular movement, disputes between bourgeois parties also played a major role.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the eyes of the Lapua movement, the civil war and subsequent state, or White Finland, had been the ideal state of pan-bourgeois and national existence.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The burghers had collectively been on the verge of defeating the red danger from the east, which had been left halfway to tackling.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

White Finland, which mobilized Lapua, was an ideal state of aspiration, whereas for the centrist parties it was only a temporary transition.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the Civil War victory parade, Gustaf Mannerheim had called for firm rule and the preservation of national existence, namely White Finland, but in the view of supporters of a future popular movement, neither of these had materialised.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After the government-style struggle, the ousting of Mannerheim from political life, the red-prisoner amnesties, minority governments of the centrist parties and various crises such as the patronage conflict, the Coalition, effectively excluded from governments entirely, was at odds with the centrist parties ( Agrarian League, National Progress Party) with.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The previously staunchly bourgeois Swedish People's Party again cooperated with the SDP and the SDP again supported centrist minority governments.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[6] This bourgeois dispersal, conflicts arising from front, class and group requests combined with the sense of danger created by the activation of communist activities and the spirit of war of liberation gave rise to the Lapua movement, when in fact, at the birth of the popular movement in 1929, the communist danger was at their very least, and the Social Democrats were already practically adapted and committed to bourgeois democracy.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[7] One of the foundations of the Lapua movement were the strike breaker organisations.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous of these was the Group Vientiraumaa led by Martti Pihkala.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After the strike broke out, the workers of the Vientipeace quarter were brought in to do the work and the labor struggle was broken.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Ostrobothans played an active role in strike breaking activities, for example, during the hardest times of the Vient Peace during the nationwide port strike of 1928—1929, most of the strike breakers were Ostrobothians.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In Southern Ostrobothnia, Vihtori Kosola, a farmer who recruited the Civil War whites already served as a recruiter for picketers, tribal warriors and white people from the Civil War.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In addition to the Peace of Export, a well-known organization was the Finnish Patronage Association, founded by Gustaf Mannerheim and P. E. Svinhufvud, which distributed anti-communist bulletins to the press.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, anti-communist Enlightenment work was carried out by the Academic Karelia Society and the League of Independence, which broke away from it.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Perhaps the most significant organisation that contributed to the emergence of the Lapua movement was the League of Front Men of the War of Independence, whose aim was to eradicate communism and eliminate site terror.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Birth of the anti-communist popular movement Lapua Challenge party In November 1929, the Finnish Trade Union Organisation (SAJ) unsuccessfully declared a general strike in the country, with the result that the attitude atmosphere in the country quickly turned anti-communist.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[8] Members of the Communist Youth Union of Finland had begun to bully the burghers by rolling along villages in red sickle and hammer shirts, mocking independent Finland and Christian values.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] The Youth Movement was the most active and pure-learning part of the SKP, extending the spectacular activities recommended by the VI Congress of the Comintern to the core area of “white Finland”, Southern Ostrobothnia during 1929.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[9] For example, at a celebration in Kurika, Jesus was called a “hooker's penis" [8] and a large sign depicting the Soviet flag was erected at the Lapuan Workers' House, which read: “Let us strive under this flag”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[8] In Lapua, the communist Lapuan Young Workers' Study Association organized SKP on the mandate of the Vaasa headquarters from 23—24.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

November 1929, a challenge party in Lapua, whose repertoire mocked Mannerheim and independent Finland.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] As early as 23 November, local schoolboys had thrown odour bombs at the occasion and scrambled to grate red shirts off the performers.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Police interrupted the celebration before the situation was turning into an aerial brawl.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Communists who arrived on the evening train on 23 November were not allowed to land from the train and gunfire could be heard from the Workers' House.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[9] Finally, the next day on November 24, about 1,000 people surrounded the Labor House.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuans marched inside the house under the leadership of Vihtori Kosola and said: “There have been enough mockery of God, treasonous activities and degraded the Motherland, now the play stops here once and for all!”


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Following the announcement, the Lapuans violently took off their communists' red shirts and, after a harsh confession by Emil Tabell, an MP who arrived, threw out Emil Tabell, who arrived.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] Eventually the incident turned into a mass brawl, calmed down by the newly arrived police officers.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In skirmish e.g.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

were torn from the walls of the Labour House with signs “God help the burghers” and “God has empowered capitalists to be robbers”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[8] Eventually, the Communists were driven out of Lapua by schoolboy pranks and taunts.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Communist-held Lapua Workers' House was nailed shut.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

When it had to be opened again, following a change in circumstances in September 1931, a new domestic political crisis arose.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Citizens' meetings Gustav Tiitu, an agrarian farmer, contacted Artturi Leinonen, editor of newspaper Ilka, to call a citizens' assembly.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

A notice was published in Ilka and Vaasa magazine: “The Citizens' Assembly of Southern Ostrobothnia in Lapua Seuratalo next Sunday, 1 December, starting at 1 p.m.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting will be presented with the growing sedition activities of the Communists.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

A bunch of Lapuans”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the end, more than 2000 people came to the Citizens' Assembly and from other provinces, and the committee that organised it included, in addition to Tiitu, Leinonen and Kosola, Rector Hilja Riipinen and Vicar K. R. Kares of Lapua.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua meeting lasted more than three hours and more than 80 speeches were used.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In his speech, Leinonen expressed that the common will of the people was to crush communism and asked if it could be accomplished by legitimate means.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Referring to the 1925 Supreme Court decision to abolish the communists' front organization, Kosola criticized that the Communists do not “respect the religion and common fatherland held sacred by the Finnish people, the laws of Finland, and nothing else that is held sacred by us from generation to generation”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, not all of the speeches corresponded to the legality of Leinonen and Kosola, for example, Helsinki-based activist Ahto Sippola called on the participants of the meeting to take arms with them and march to Helsinki.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

One of the prominent speakers of the Citizens' Assembly was the High Awakening leader Vihtori Duke, who said: “Selfish requests are prevalent and they are not understood by the men of 1918.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

It wasn't parliament that saved us in 1918, there were only intrigues and babbles.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Whoever God wills to drown, that he beats with blindness”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting expressed disappointment with the volatile domestic political situation and the fact that parties, particularly the bourgeois parties, when competing with each other, did not care in which direction Finland was heading.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, the assembly unanimously decided that all forms of activity of the SKP had to be abolished or else civil war would break out.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In its closing statement, it did not understand “why freedom of expression can be used to slander and discredit everything that is the basis and foundation of the chaste and legal knowledge of the Finnish people.”


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Furthermore, it wondered how a treasonous party was allowed so freely to act to dismantle all its system, which allowed the whole of this treasonous party to exist.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, the meeting gave all its support to the state power to eradicate communism.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although the Lapuan meeting of 1 December 1929 was the most impressive, it was by no means the only one, nor the first.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently pursuing a pan-bourgeois front, the Karelian Civil Union organised its first citizens' assembly on 29 November 1929 at Sortavala Seuraroom.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Karelian Civil Union, founded in 1917 in the Vyborg region, had already planned anti-communist civic activities in autumn 1929 and had been tasked with organising civic assemblies.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting linked the incipient movement to the 1918 battle and expressed all support for the Ostrobothians: “Hopeless would be the future of our people, if Finnish blood would not fizzle when he saw the cataluses of the profane fatherland.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In January 1918, the hearts of the men of Ostrobothnia and Karelia beat with strong feelings.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

It still does.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The law of honor is the law of a man”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On 1 December 1929, civic assemblies of hundreds of participants were held besides Lapua, led by activist, Master Antti Sarven and Councilman Eero Hämäläinen in Kuopio, under deputy judge K. A. Raevaara and Asessori Onni Heinonkoski in Mikkeli, farmer, MP Evert Nukar and Head of the Southern Häme Patron District under Ernesti Suolahti in Hämeenlinna, Director K. Brofeldt in Kotka and District Physician W. Vartiovaara in Savonlinna.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

All the meetings stated their support for any decision, whatever they would take in Lapua.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently, civic assemblies had already been planned much earlier, judging by their coincidence.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the order of business at the meetings was the same in all localities.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[10] Citizens Delegations The Lapuan assembly decided to send a 20-person delegation headed by Artturi Leinonen to Helsinki to ask the government to act to stop the sedition work of the communists.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the morning, on Independence Day, 6 December 1929, 1,000 people were facing the legation at the Helsinki railway station and the Academic Karjala-Seura (AKS) led by Vice-President Vilho Helanen.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On December 7, the delegation brought the decisions of the Lapuan assembly to the attention of the minority government in Kallio.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The embassy was received by all parliamentary groups except the Communists.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the embassy visited the President of the Republic Lauri Kristian Relander.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The president was moved to tears when Hilja Riipinen, who served as President, announced that the people were demanding more acts than speeches from the state power.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Relander gave all his support to the popular movement, writing that the People's Movement “has been a blessing to this country and the people, of that I am sure”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On the evening of the same day, the embassy was invited to the Fourth of July celebrations organised by AKS.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

AKS gave full support to the movement and Urho Kekkonen announced his support in the organisation's voice supporter Suomen Heimo.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Kekkonen indicated that improving workers' conditions would be supported, but no sympathy for the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Part of the embassy was still visited by an independence fighter, State Counsellor J. R. Danielson-Kalmar, who likewise expressed support for the movement's goals.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] After the Lapua legation, delegations from different provinces began arriving in Helsinki and new meetings were organized.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The situation developed really quickly in early December 1929.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

This first phase of the popular movement was very happy to be welcomed by the state and considered it to be a healthy and uniting state life while at the same time suspecting its power.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The social democrats, who were fairly socialist at the time, accepted the anti-communist movement, not seeing it as a disadvantage, but rather a benefit.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The demands of the embassies produced the first victory of the popular movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Just before Christmas 1929, a new Association Act was passed, forbidding the creation of a new association to replace the disbanded one.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On this basis, the communist study associations could be abolished.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The second meeting of Lapua and the second major citizens' meeting at Lukko Lapua Seuratalo of Finland took place on 15 March 1930.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting was officially nationwide and more formal anyway, as the meeting was only allowed for delegates from other organizations and civic assemblies.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

For an admission fee, the public was able to enter the


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In addition to Artturi Leinonen, the co-chairperson is H. A. Koristo from Turku, bank manager Isak Kaitera from Oulu and agricultural advisor Aatos Schildt from Jyväskylä.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The secretaries were Deputy Judge Lauri Halme and Kauhajokelic Consulate M.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

E. Brush.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The atmosphere at the meeting was considerably more tense and radicalized by the end of November.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Although Artturi Leinonen and Vihtori Kosola, who became leaders of the movement, emphasised moderation in line, the field people at the meeting were fed up with politicians and other powers, gradually leaning more and more towards direct external parliamentary action.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The leading figures of the radical line were Rafael Haarla, the vicar of Lapua, and the vicar general of Lapua, Gunnar von Hertzen.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The enlightenment director of Northern Uusimaa's patron municipal district, Freeman Lauri Yrjö-Koskinen, insisted on acts rather than enlightenment, but mainly meant enacting stricter anti-communist laws.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The atmosphere of the movement was radicalized because the activities of the communists, despite the promises of politicians, were not abolished.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Those in favour of the Direct Action line justified their opinion by the fact that “patriotic rebellion” was preferable to “patriotic legality”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

They also justified by historical considerations; at first, the icemen had acted against the then law, but still their importance had been of great importance to Finland.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

MPs known as Communists were on various committees, where they also had access to sensitive and secret national defence information.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting dealt mainly with the communist press, which was not suppressed because in parliament the Social Democrats, RKP and Communists opposed restrictions on the Freedom of Print Act.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua was particularly irritated by the communist Voice of Work (1924—1930) appearing in Vaasa, which proclaimed atheism and the world revolution.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although it appeared on the basis of the meeting that the popular movement was already splintering in two, the meeting reached a unanimous conclusion: It was decided to establish an anti-communist and site terror NGO, which was to assemble all anti-communist entities as an umbrella organisation.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

An association was born called Suomen Lukko, whose 32-member delegation was chosen as the convener of Vihtori Kosola.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Later, at Kosola's suggestion, Artturi Leinonen became chairman of Luko of Finland.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Martti Pihkala, acting as assistant student Mikko Jaskari, was responsible for financial affairs.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The seat of the organization was named Lapua, but the office was placed in Helsinki.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The members of the Finnish Luko were mainly agrarian and coalist in party affiliation, and there were only a few supporters of direct active action.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the anti-communist struggle, Lukko of Finland advocated the Enlightenment and legal methods of action.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the Agrarian League it was hoped and believed that the popular movement would only be channeled in support of the government, but supporters of direct action were not enthusiastic about the slow association activity of the Finnish Luko.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Action The Voice of Work fell silent The motion for amendment to the Freedom of Print Law Lapua was irritated by the opposition of the Left and the Swedish People's Party (RKP) to an amendment to the Law on Freedom of Printing, which was not adopted as desired by the Parliament in the early spring of 1930.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The movement's attempt was to transfer control of the Freedom of Printing Act to the Attorney General appointed by the President of the Republic from the Minister of Justice, allowing the latter to decide in the Council of State the matter without discussing the closure of printing presses deemed to have violated it in accordance with the Freedom of Printing Act.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Example case of Vaasa County The apparent unity of a popular movement lasted only 13 days from the founding meeting of the Finnish Lukko.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

At the head of the movement, it was decided to disrupt the activities of the communists, and a newspaper printed in Vaasa, near Lapua, Vaasa, was chosen as the target.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Gustav Tiitu had advocated minor daytime interference in printing, but he opposed the destruction of the printing presses.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Although it seemed to rest, Yrjö Nikula, the former titular of Lapua and head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia, continued to plan the attack.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

If the participants were caught in their act, Trade Advisor Rafael Haarla had promised to pay them potentially reprehensible damages.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Strike to the printing press On the night of March 28, 1930, direct action began.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the port area of Vaasa, farmer Pentti Alasaari fired a couple of shots into the air with his Mauser M1916 pistol to distract the police and give them an alibi.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

At the same time, Vaasa's internal telephone connections were disrupted, and 13 Lapuan men led by Yrjö Nikula, the head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia and former titular man of Lapua, and Gustav Vannas, a motorist from Yurasa, broke in and broke up the print of the Voice of Work.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The act was apparently carefully planned under Nikula's leadership.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The perpetrators soon came to light, as police found a scoop lamp knife on the floor of the printing press bearing the name of Kullervo Leskinen, an employee of the Lapua cartridge factory.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] On 3 April, the third citizens' meeting was held in Lapua in connection with the dissolution of the printing of the Voice of Work.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola's leadership, the meeting prepared a telegram that was sent to Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Telegram confirmed that the Lapua Popular Movement and Kosola were bent on illegal activities, but according to the text the movement had not settled against the government: the division of the Lapua Movement Suomen Lukko separates Parliament was surprised by the act and the Youth Republicans Kyösti Kallio and under the leadership of Helsingin Sanomat called for severe punishment of perpetrators.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates realised that the attack was a vote of no confidence by the Lapuans in the actions of Parliament.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The act also sparked controversy among the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those involved could not accept the illegalities.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

When Lukko of Finland, led by Artturi Leinonen and Gustav Tiitu, disassociated himself from the act and condemned it as a crime, the popular movement broke in two.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Vihtori Kosola, the leader of Vihtori Kosola, had not endorsed the plan at the stage of its drafting, but stood down to support the act, declaring that the one responsible for the act was in fact the parliament, which had not begun the process of eradicating communism.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Artturi Leinonen, who had denied carrying out the attack, and Gustav Tiitu and Lukko of Finland lost their central place in the popular movement and the movement that started direct action took Vihtori Kosola as its leader, who himself had not sought a prominent position.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

His household, Kosola, became the central headquarters of the Lapua movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Lapuans publicly declared themselves in large numbers as perpetrators of the attack and supporters of the act.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola, Yrjö Nikula, Vihtori Herkena and Ilmajokelainen bank manager Iivari Koivisto signed up as authors and supporters of the work.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Lapuan farmer Jussi Muilu, trainee Yrjö Hissa, and peasants Simo Lahdensuo and Jussi Perämäki became the actual violators.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Trade counsellor Rafael Haarla agreed to pay all the fines of those convicted.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the first issue of Activist n, the main voice supporter of the Lapua movement</i>, 650 people registered as supporters of the act.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The magazine became popular and was sold as many as 10,000 copies.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The journalistic line reported by the newspaper was strongly anti-communist.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Vaasa riot and the Asser Salon ride on 4 June 1930 at Vaasa Raastuvancourt began to be dealt with the issue of breaking the print print of the Voice of Work.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The predominance knew that the day would cause Lapuan movement, but the Popular Movement refused to cancel the demonstration.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Early in the morning 1800 Lapuans arrived in Vaasa in 200 cars decorated with Finnish flags.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Demonstratively, the procession of cars stopped first at the dispersed printer and in front of the landlord's official residence.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The men then made an honorary visit to the hero tombs of Vaasa, during which hymns and patriotic songs were sung, as well as speeches were given.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Vaasa District Riot While the trial was in progress, the Lapuans assaulted Eino Nieminen, who was acting as a witness, who was alleged by Detective Central Police (EK) to be a red officer and an organiser of SKP.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the courthouse's second-floor vestibule, Eino Nieminen had to kiss with the peasants who surrounded him.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After Sanaharka, supporters of the Lapua movement carried Nieminen down the stairs outside the courthouse, tore off his clothes and assaulted Nieminen.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The mob followed the act from the sidelines and police did not intervene.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Press photographer Paavo Poutiainen instigated the perpetrators, and one of the most famous images in Finnish press history was taken.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Some ten other leftists were also assaulted by the Lapuans, among them Allan Asplund, editor of the Vaasan social democratic magazine Nya Folkbladet.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the Lapuans also fell victim to bourgeois minded citizens who tried to prevent beatings, citing the rule of law.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, police master Gunnar Tallroth eventually rescued the battered Nieminen and took him to the police station.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Nieminen was able to leave the police station just before supporters of the Lapuan movement penetrated the building and inspected it up to the cells without the force of the police officers or wanting to prevent this.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

When the cause of the Voice of Work, Communist MP Asser Salo stepped out of the courthouse, the riot worsened.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Despite the fact that Governor Bruno Sarlin tried to appeal for peace in the district, the supporters of the Lapuan movement took hold of Salo and paraphrased this.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement had already been planning to kidnap Salo when he had arrived to hear the injunction.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Detective Central Police (EK) followed the incident by without intervening.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, a BC detective who was present, later joined the radical wing of the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Lapuans could not decide what to do with Salo.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Salo was threatened with shooting during the Revelation, but was eventually taken to Lapua's youth club house, where he was forced to swear that he would never enter Lapua again.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After this, Salo was taken to Viitasaari, where he was let go.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The men of the Lapuanmovement left after informing the editorial staff of the Voice of Work that the magazine would not be published even after the end of the two-month discontinuation period.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After the Lapuans disembarked, Vaasa remained in the possession of military patrols.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua Law Originally, Lapua law meant Lapua's 1843 Government Rule and Village Ordinance and its implementation.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Also among the Lapuan movement, the right of the Lapuans own hand began to be called Lapuan law.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

According to the idea, the justification of the acts was determined by how much they promoted anti-communist activity.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The legality of the act did not matter, as according to the movement's thought world, the “will of the people” interpreted by the Lapuan movement was above the law.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On June 5, 1930, the Lapuan Movement declared the Lapuan Law into force in Southern Ostrobothnia.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[12] In the early morning hours of 8 June 1930, Yrjö Hissa and Jussi Perämäki, who took part in the disbanding of the print of the Voice of Work, committed double suicide.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The youths who were detained were counted as the first victims of the popular movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

They were buried with a hero's funeral in Lapua and Kosola laid a wreath on the tomb, which read the words of Kaarlo Kramsu's Ilkka poem: 'No justice in the land, who himself will not have'.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The phrase became one of the motto phrases of the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Later in the summer, the second motto became “We do what we will”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Summer 1930: period of pressure Bruno Sarlin of the Progress Party was removed from his duties as a landlord and Colonel Erik Heinrichs was appointed in his place, which it was hoped would improve the intervals between state power and locals.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In mid-June 1930, however, the Lapuan movement began large-scale rides, or pluses; 254 rides or rides were made during the summer.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Three rides ended in the victim's death and most of the rides were assaulted.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[13] The relapses were carried out both by local Lapuans and by the strike forces of the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Kosola wanted to press the ride-hailing government to resign and get Pehr Evind Svinhufvud of the National Coalition as prime minister.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In their speeches, the Progress Party and the Agrarian League protested the movement's radicalisation and acts of violence, but did not withdraw their support from the Popular Movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the summer of 1930, pressure from the Lapuans was at its peak.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The People's Movement also achieved its most important goal in succeeding in ending communist activities practically altogether.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After the summer, most of the leading communists were serving time in prison, the labour magazines had been abolished and all labour houses closed.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Due to sympathy or pressure in many provinces, denominators and other officials issued orders to abolish the houses of labour.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In Pohjois-Savo, for example, all 59 workers' houses were closed at the behest of the titular and landlord.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[14] Some politicians felt that it was better to accept lawlessness so as not to break out another civil war.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Prime Minister Svinhufvud (Svinhufvud II government from 4 July 1930 to 21 March 1931) even staked his unqualified support for the uprising and movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

He had visited South Ostrobothnia and the People's Movement in mid-June and became convinced of the popular popularity of the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, K. J. Ståhlberg, the first president of the Republic, agreed that illegality was indefensible, even if it was taken to suppress the crimes and treasonous activities of others.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] A march and delegation for the upcoming march of the Lapua Movement took place from 20—21.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

June 1930 meeting in Lapua.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Organizing the march was a large and sizeable job.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

For the meeting, the Lapua Movement invited representatives from all patron districts and at the same time organized a popular movement nationwide.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement invited and named the persons who were to hold meetings in their respective localities, who would again designate them as their representatives by signing a power of attorney.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In practice, the credentials demanded by the Lapuan movement were signed without any organized meetings.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

At this point, among others, Dr. Kai Donner officially joined the Lapuan movement as a representative of Eastern Uusimaa.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates formed arrangements for the march to handle the delegation of the Lapua Movement, which thus became the official Lapua Movement Representative Council.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The delegation consisted of 16 representatives from Southern Ostrobothnia, one from all other provinces, and from Vyborg and Helsinki, two representatives from both.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In total, this national representative council consisted of 31 delegates.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After the march, the delegation declined in importance, but still the name Lapuan Movement Delegation served under various communiqués and pressures as the representative of the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[15] Eventually, the government of Kyösti Kallio IV (16 August 1929—4 July 1930) made an unfounded decision in law to abolish all communist magazines for fear of otherwise engaging in illegal activities by the Lapuans.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The decision was approved by Parliament on 1 July 1930, although no similar proposal had been approved earlier in the spring.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the government submitted a motion to the Parliament to abolish the activities of the Communists and began to bend to the demands of the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander also took pressure on the government, which finally on 2 July submitted his resignation request due to the untenable domestic political situation, despite having just received a vote of confidence from parliament.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, in line with the goals of the Lapuan movement, a pan-bourgeois government led by P. E. Svinhufvud was formed, in which representatives of the Lapua movement were planned.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

K. R. Kare was envisioned as Minister of Education and Vihtori Dukeaa or Kosola as Minister of Social Affairs.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, Svinhufvud did not want “two dictators” (meaning Svinhufvud and Kosola) in government, and business did not want to get entangled in government politics either.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Compared to the government, the Lapuan movement was strong enough: It did not have to tie its hands.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The mutual antipathies (arising from theological differences) between the churchmen K. R. Kare and Paavo Virkkunen, who became Minister of Education, have also been thought to have played a role in the plan's tapering.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[16] Abduction of MPs from the Constitutional Committee To give impetus to their demands, the Lapua Movement decided to show its mass power with a peasant march to Helsinki.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

To intensify the show of force, Vihtori Kosola gave orders to paraphrase communist MPs.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Two days before the march, in the morning of 5 July 1930, a Lapuan force, led by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen and Artturi Vuorimaa, penetrated the Session of the Constitutional Committee to kidnap the communists' Helsinki MPs Eino Pekkala and Jalmari Rötkö.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Committee Chairman Väinö Voionmaa (SDP) and Ernst von Born (RKP) tried to prevent the hijacking, but Eerolainen wore his badge of the Detective Central Police (EK) in the situation and the Lapuans were allowed to take the MPs to the car for a ride, although both tried to grab themselves when carrying. to the door of the committee room.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The deputies were rushed to Kosola in Lapua, from where they were released after the government announced that the state would not receive the march if the delegates were not released.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, the newly appointed Svinhufvud government had already bent on ordering all communist MPs to be detained “on suspicion of treasonous activity”, but the arrest order was not issued until the afternoon of the following day.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Parliament afterwards approved the government measure despite doubts expressed by the Social Democrats and Swedes.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[17] [2] The Peasant March On Monday, 7 July 1930, the Peasant March was held, which was the largest display of force in the popular movement and a turning point in the history of the movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The peasant march was a well-planned massive operation in which 12000 supporters of the Lapua Movement marched by province and region into regiments, battalions and companies divided by patronage discipline and order.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The marchers were Finnish and Swedish-speaking, as the language issue was of little interest to the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the march was planned to be called “Patronage Marches”, but the commander of the Patron Municipalities, Lauri Malmberg, forbade the wearing of the Patron Uniform.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The main idea of the movement was to hold a new event that would resemble the White Army Victory Parade on 16 May 1918.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Although the movement was a parade of victory, similar events from abroad were also modelled on, notably the Swedish peasants' national defence march in 1914 and the march of the Italian black shirts to Rome in 1922.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Before the peasant march, the domestic political situation was extremely tense.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

With the government's position proving to be tenuous, even a coup by the Lapuans was possible.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

There was no thought in the movement to revoke actively government power, but some of the Lapuans had considered hijacking if the government was not active enough against the Communists.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The movement tried to appease public opinion with a bulletin.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

During the march, both the Lapua movement and the government pledged to fight for the eradication of communism and to support each other.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, the government asked the Popular Movement to stop exercising the right of own hands.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Kallio government designed a package of laws aimed at banning all activities interpreted as communist.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

With the Social Democrats opposing the motion, the government in parliament failed to win over the qualified majority of at least two-thirds needed to amend the constitution, leaving some of the laws to rest over the elections.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In retaliation, the Lapuans kidnapped (Revelation) 17—18.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On July 1930 Väinö Hakkilan, the Social Democratic Deputy Speaker of the Parliament, from Tampere Teisko through Lapua to Kuortane and assaulted him.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[18] In this case, in order to expedite consideration of the Communist laws, President Relander dissolved parliament on 15 July 1930 and ordered new elections to be held 1—2.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

on October 1930.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[13] Intimidation and pressure from the Lapuan movement set the tone for the electoral struggle.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The government gave the land lords broad powers to block electoral activity on the far left.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander urged the people to vote for candidates who would pass communist laws.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Coalition and the SDP increased their number of seats, but with the far left losing out of parliament entirely, the seats of the left were not enough for even a third blocking minority.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The new parliament passed communist laws in October 1930.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[13] All political and professional organisational activities interpreted as “communist” were abolished, and persons suspected of being communists were denied the right to participate in elections under the Constitution of Finland.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[19] Suspected communists were also imprisoned; often on fabricated or fraudulent charges.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[20] [21] In Finland, the President of the Parliament is the second highest-ranking person after the President of the Republic.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Thus, riding Väinö Hakkila, the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament and Municipal Mayor of the City of Tampere (1920—1952), against his will, was an impressive and publicity-inducing act.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On July 18, 1930, the first ride took place that really nipped in public support of the movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The lows of popular movement can be considered to begin from that day.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

At the time, the Social Democrat in the highest state position, Väinö Hakkila, the deputy speaker of parliament, who was going to his summer villa in Teisko, was riding.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Hakkila was stopped in Teisko at gunpoint and forced into another car.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Even though he belonged to the right wing of his party, Hakkila was paraphrased because of his criticism of the modes of the popular movement, especially the amuses.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Hakkila was taken to Kuortane, during the journey she was threatened to be taken to the Soviet Union and was planted in an anthill.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, Jussi Muilu prevented Hakkila's killing.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Hakkila expressed support for Lapua's movement and promised to retire from politics, thus releasing him.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The ride in Väinö Hakkila was planned by Eino Haarla, a financial supporter of the Lapua movement, son of trade adviser Rafael Haarla, President of the Revolutionary War Front Union, Eero Rekola, a business assistant, and Yngve Mustonen, a business assistant.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

All were Tampereans.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Haarla and Rekola recruited five paraphernalia, led by Arvi Kalsta, the ice captain who was later head of the Finnish People's Organisation.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Kalsta was sentenced as the lead perpetrator of the ride to an eight-month discipline room sentence.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The reputation of the Revolutionary War Front Men Union suffered badly with the ride.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The act was widely condemned and after that as a sure supporter of the Lapuan movement in the press, the major magazines served mainly only as Uusiu Suomi and to some extent also Aamulehti.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

With the ride of Väinö Hakkila, the county lord of Vaasa County, Erik Heinrichs, resigned from the position he considered untenable.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement was put on the defensive by a ride that clearly showed the fieldfolk had been radicalised and initiated their anti-Social Democrat activities.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The radical leader of the Lapua movement, the vicar of Lapua, Kaarlo Rietrikki Kares, disliked the idealization of violence, but declared that it was a kind of revolution and that life had its own hard laws.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In many civic circles, this statement of Kares caused astonishment and consternation: This was followed by the most radical part: The portion of the radical statement of Kares, which spoke of overturning the autonomy of parliamentary parties, was received by citizens who supported the republican form of government on his hind legs.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Kares had already declared Vihtori Kosola the “People's Leader chosen by God” in the summer.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

This proclamation subsequently became highly known.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In September 1930, however, in Turku, Kosola tried to appease statements belonging to the radical wing, saying: “The Lapua movement has not sought and does not seek to dominate the country.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

For that are the government, the parliament and the various governing bodies”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Onni Happonen murder Along with the slaying of Suutari Erik Itto, the most famous blood act of the Lapuan movement was the murder of Social Democrat Onni Happonen, chairman of the Heinävesi Municipal Board.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On 1 September 1930, he was kidnapped in connection with a local council meeting in front of a large crowd of people by forcing Happone using violence into a passenger car.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

His body was found two years later buried in the forest just off the Karvio Canal, along the road between Joensuu and Varkaus.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The body showed signs of a fierce beating and an autopsy determined the death had been caused by a bullet fired in the head.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[22] Otto Pakarinen, a laborer, was condemned for the killing of Happonen, who, however, had apparently taken the blame for a large sum of money.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Despite eyewitnesses to the abduction, the true culprits of the murder went undetermined and unpunished.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Members of the Lapua movement from Kuopio or Heinävesi's own activists, who have been considered at least named Onni Hartio, are suspected of being the real culprits.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[23] After the funeral of Onni Happonen, the wreaths laid on the tomb during the following night were dispersed and spread around the churchyard.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[22] Autumn Parliamentary elections 1930 and the decline in support of the movement Parliamentary elections 1 to 2.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

October raised a political storm.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement pressured bourgeois parties to create a pan-bourgeois front.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Although the unity of the popular movement began to crack, as moderates and radicals began to take together more.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, the movement's leadership urged its supporters in mid-September to stop the rides under pressure from the government.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In September, an electoral alliance called the Patriotic Electoral Alliance was created, in which all patriotic, or practically anti-communist elements, according to the definition of the movement, regardless of party affiliation, were to be assembled.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, the electoral alliance received no more than 10000 votes.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Intellectuals and power figures appealed before the election both for and against the popular movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

For example, Mannerheim and Danielson-Kalmari became supporters of the Lapua movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the elections, the bourgeois parties received 134 delegates and the Social Democrats 66.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The National Coalition increased its seat count from 28 to 42 delegates.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists' Electoral Organisation, whose nomination was subject to partial hurdles, received only 11504 votes, or 1.02% of the vote, yielding no seats in parliament.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The new parliament voted with the smallest possible two-thirds qualified majority to enforce the Republic Protection Act, which officially banned communist activities.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In Finland, the far left did not have any legal rights to operate until after the Continuation War in 1944.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In December, the Labor Peace Act was enacted, by which time the movement's key objectives had been pushed through.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Around the same time, support for the movement began to decline.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The main factor in the popularity of the popular movement was particularly the late-summer and autumn 1930 ride-hailing scandals.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Most of the fall rides were done locally as acts by individual individuals in the name of the Lapua movement and the spirit of Lapua, many without the knowledge of the movement's leading figures.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On the other hand, the movement did not condemn rides either, so the rides ate up the movement's endorsement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Finally, the worst blow to the endorsement was the famous ride of the first President of Finland (25 July 1919 — 1 March 1925) K. J. Ståhlberg to Joensu on 14 October 1930.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The ride idea was an ill-conceived project under the chief of the General Staff, Ice Kuussaari, Major-General Kurt Martti Wallenius.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Wallenius, too, was considered to have been involved in the ride.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

He lost office and served time in prison until July 1931, when he was acquitted by the Supreme Court as innocent.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, Wallenius was unable to rejoin the defence forces until the Winter War.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] [24] Ståhlberg's ride was a bad blow to the whole Lapuan movement, as the movement was generally considered to be the culprit of the act.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The ride can also be attributed to the radicalisation of the movement's supporters.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg was opposed from his old age in a circle of activists and the right wing of the Coalition, but still the whole Lapuan movement did not consider the ride sensible.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

For the Social Democrats and the libertarian bourgeoisie, a bourgeois legalman, Ståhlberg, the first president of the republic, was a symbol of constitutional democracy.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The ride led to the abolition and merger of Suomen Luko into the Lapuan movement after its secretary, Mikko Jaskari, was involved in the case.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] After Ståhlberg's ride, the Agrarian League and the National Progress Party broke away from the pro-Lapuan movement group.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The parties formed a so-called Legality Front with the Swedish People's Party, of which the Social Democrats served as a kind of external member.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Svinhufvud government decided that the riders had to be brought to justice and demanded the Lapua movement stop protecting the paraphrasers.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

When the police began to capture suspects of the mullet, Lapua's movement responded with mass force and organised a mass enrollment of paraphernalia in a building managed by Ostrobotnia in Töölöö, Helsinki, where 400 people arrived.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Similar events took place around the country and eventually police had 10,000 suspects to question.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The government again found itself in an embarrassing situation.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lord of Vaasa, K. V. Martonen, on the other hand, did not even agree to continue the investigations, justifying that the province was so pro-Lapuan that it was impossible to catch the riders.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In Ostrobothnia, the violence against communists was seen as patriotic acts, not crimes.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The mass enrolments of riders across Finland were the last events of the anti-communist movement known as the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In the end, 14% of those taking part in the ride were challenged.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

There were 656 charges filed for the rides, 38 per cent of which lapsed.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

10% of those convicted were handed an unconditional prison sentence.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

So, of the riders, the vast majority did not receive any kind of conviction.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

One in five people who were victims of political violence during the rides demanded and received justice.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although the rides of Väinö Hakkila and K. J. Ståhlberg were a bad blow to Lapua's movement, in a sense these two rides had the effect that the paraphrasers hoped for.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

After his amusement, Hakkila sharpened his attitude towards the Communists and got along well with the MPs of the Patriotic People's Movement, or former Lapuans, during the wars.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg continued to maintain his line of legality, but no longer criticised the actions of the Lapua movement as strongly.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, this was not enough for the more radical supporters of the Lapuan movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In February 1931, with the presidential election battle at its hottest, the main pro-Lapuans' activist magazine called for the assassination of President Ståhlberg.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

By order of the Minister of the Interior, the edition of that issue was confiscated, but editor-in-chief Vihtori Kosola was not dared to be arrested.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[25] The Lapua Liika Ry Presidential election 1931 and the objectives of Lapuan Liika Ry With the radicalization of Summer and Autumn 1930, moderate circles left the Lapua movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

22—23 p.m.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

At a popular movement meeting on November 1930, the Lapuan Liika Ry was established.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The founders were practically representatives of the radical wing of the popular movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The purpose was to create more organizational features of the popular movement and to clarify its ambiguous leadership.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Liikan Ry introduced district division and local divisions according to patron municipal districts.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

At the turn of 1931—1932, the organization had a membership of about 30,000.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Although it is difficult to calculate, and it is not exactly known how much active part of the Spring—Summer 1930 Lapuan movement, the number of members of the organisation was probably considerably less than that of the previous popular movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, the organisation of the movement remained halfway.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In late autumn 1931, the former Chief of the General Staff Kurt Martti Wallenius, who as a good organiser, was elected General Secretary, Kurt Martti Wallenius, who, as a good organiser, was able to hold the wires in some way in his hands.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Although the organisation had important financial supporters from the business and business world, such as Rafael Haarla and Petter Forsström, Wallenius' salary was paid by a volunteer group of Ostrobothian men assembled by Jussi Muilu.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, the Lapua Movement, which transformed itself from the People's Movement to Lapua Ry, still managed to influence the country's politics in the future, especially in the March 1931 presidential election, which can be counted as the last show of political strength for the movement before the Mäntsälä rebellion.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Although it was already more difficult to influence, as support for the movement had diminished considerably in the circles of the Agrarian League, the National Progress Party and the Swedish People's Party.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The presidential elections in March 1931 were becoming another political crisis for good reason, because Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who was firmly supported by the Lapuan Movement, and K. J. Ståhlberg of the Legality Front.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the Agrarian League, leaders such as Juho Niukkanen tried to get supporters behind Svinhufvud.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud's endorsement was partly based on the fact that the election of Ståhlberg might lead to unrest and derail the country into a really bad crisis.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud was also believed to hold with his authority the Lapuan Movement and the extremists that sympathize with it in check.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

This was especially hoped for in agrarian circles.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Svinhufvud tried to cool the feelings of the sharpest Lapuans by releasing a communique through STT in February saying that all districts should accept the election result, whatever it may be.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

A couple of days after this communication, the ingredients for the crisis emerged when Activist magazine, which advocated the steep line of the Lapua Movement, published a writing that was interpreted to mean that Ståhlberg should be fired if Svinhufvud did not get elected.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Owned by Yrjö Nikula, Activist was edited by Vilho Viita and also had its Swedish language sister magazine, Aktivisten.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The activist's cover featured a picture of Mannerheim, set by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, under which read “History always repeats”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

An article written by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen called “Shots” was found on the inside pages.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In the article, it was written to readers that heroes like Eugen Schauman and Bobi Sivén would still be needed.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

New Finland tried to explain and understand the writing in its editorial, writing that Eerolainen's “uneasy mood can be embraced in light of recent state cases”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Erkki V. Kuokkanen, an agrarian minister of the interior, ordered the magazine's entire edition to be seized and the editor arrested.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, since the formal editor-in-chief of the magazine was Vihtori Kosola, the arrest was not carried out so as not to escalate the situation.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[26] [2] Eventually, in the first round of electors in the presidential election, they were facing off against P. E. Svinhufvud, K. J. Ståhlberg and Kyösti Kallio, who was still in the second round.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg did not become selected in the third round, as the Agrarian selectors went behind Svinhufvud.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

When it was announced in parliament that Svinhufvud was elected president by a vote of 151—149, the audience in the parliament's galleries erupted into applause, but Svinhufvud roared, “Shut up, this is no theatre!”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Those who supported the Lapuan Movement had come to follow the election, as was the case when voting for the Republic's Protection Act.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The receding Relanderkin found the result easing, writing in his diary: “The cause of the fatherland came to be saved.”


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud managed to keep the Lapuans practically in complete silence for the next six months.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

And even so Svinhufvud played a major role in stamping the Mäntsälä revolt.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Later, it has been concluded that the election of Ståhlberg would have raised a larger wave of Lapuan lawlessness than in the summer of 1930.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] [27] Svinhufvud also generally implemented policies desired by bourgeois circles and the Lapuan Movement.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

For example, he decided to improve the state of national defence, which failed to improve for party political reasons, and was not easy in the future.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Movement had called for Mannerheim as Chairman of the Defence Council, whom Svinhufvud immediately appointed to this post.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud also secretly appointed Mannerheim as wartime commander-in-chief.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg, on the other hand, disliked Mannerheim.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Lapuan Movement really went silent for six months.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Support for the movement fell further once the last goal had been achieved.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Support for the movement had fallen all along as it had achieved its objectives.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In general, the movement thus began to be seen as futile, once communism and the far left had been eradicated, a bourgeois government erected, site terror removed and Svinhufvud elected president.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The movement began to focus on its next target, the eradication of social democracy.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan Movement had already shown signs of anti-social democracy in autumn 1930, but in November, at the founding meeting of the Lapuan Liika RY, it adopted the abolition of the SDP as its official goal.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The whole of the popular movement had been based on high and strong risks for and against feelings, but the goal of eradicating the Social Democrats has many times been regarded as its biggest mistake.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Finnish people did not see the SDP as a threat, but they were not sympathetic to communism, as demonstrated by the results of the parliamentary elections.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

However, the movement began to believe truly in its phrase “We do what we will” and considered it possible that the SDP could be removed wherever the communists were.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Especially it believed in direct action, because the demands of a popular movement, would not have passed without foreign parliamentary direct means, lawlessness and violence.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The eradication of social democracy was justified by the fact that the SDP had voted against the Republic's Protection Act and tried to slow down the implementation of communist legislation.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, it held that the remaining communists or other far-leftists in Finland had infiltrated this only remaining left-wing party.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Accordingly, it was necessary to eradicate the entire left.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Some extremists of the Lapuans were also apparently planning to get rid of the legal front, which was on good terms with the SDP.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] With the radicalisation and destruction of the Lapua Movement on 17 September 1931, the RKP Minister of the Interior Ernst von Born gave the order to open the Lapua Workers' House, which had been nailed up in November 1929 immediately after the Communist Challenge Party.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The movement had lived in silence, but von Born re-raised its will to fight, especially as von Born had challenged to ask which one would impose, the government or Kosola.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

A citizens' assembly was again held in Lapua, at the conclusion of which on 21 September 1931, the Lapua Workers' House was nailed and boarded up with a force of two thousand men.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Iivari Koivisto gave a speech before nailing, and after nailing, a telegram was sent to the makers which read: “The house is closed and remains”.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The nailing of the Labour House became a true Lapuan folk celebration and the government was forced to bend again in the face of Lapuan mass force.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Threat of coup The incident caused the coup rumours to start swirling again as it did among the left in the autumn of 1930.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The rumours gained further impetus when statements were released from the Lapuan movement that spoke only vaguely of the need to change the state order.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The Union of Revolutionary War Frontmen and the Provincial Movement were suspected as possible planners of the coup project.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

In November, the domestic political situation began to escalate and rumors grew.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

On November 14, 1931, a meeting was held in Lapua at which the so-called Programme Declaration was drawn up, calling for a transition to a majority electoral system, the tying of voting rights to the ability to pay taxes, the abandonment of social reforms, the transfer of power of parliament to the government, agricultural production support for the liberation of those involved in illegal activities in the Lapua movement and the prohibition of social democratic activities.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

The majority electoral system was intended to create a strong one-party bourgeois government, which would be strengthened by delegating the power of parliament to it.


Question: When did Lapua's movement break up?

Lapuan Movement

Tying the right to vote to the ability to pay taxes was apparently to guarantee that the poorer working population would not be allowed to vote Left, which would, however, be effectively wiped out by the banning of the Social Democrats (in which case the majority of voters on the left would probably have moved to vote “left-wing burghers”).