Question: When was the first condom developed?

Prevention

The contraceptive gel may work for up to fifteen years, it can be dissolved if desired by another injectable preparation [8].


Question: When was the first condom developed?

Prevention

Free distribution of Mm.


Question: When was the first condom developed?

Prevention

Free contraceptives are distributed to young people in Vantaa and Helsinki.


Question: When was the first condom developed?

Prevention

This is partly justified by economic reasons when the number of abortions is expected to decrease.


Question: When was the first condom developed?

Prevention

[9] See also Intercourse Birth Control Christianity and Prevention Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Elomaa, Kaisa| title = Contraception | location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1997| version = About health| id = ISBN 951-20- 5073-0}} Sources elsewhere Bayer Pharmaceutical Company, Tervemedia Oy, Tervemedia Oy, Duodecim Health Library, Yle - Acute, Published: 26.08.2014 * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Lymph cells, or lymphocytes, are cells found in the body and belong to white blood cells, or leukocytes.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[1] They are involved in the immune response and maintain the function of a specific, selective, immune system.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Using antigen receptors on their cell surface, lymph cells recognize antigens they encounter in the body.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Lymph cells specialize from bone marrow stem cells and have two main classes: B and T lymphocytes.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Lymph cell formation Like other white blood cells, lymph cells arise from stem cells common to all blood cells in the bone marrow, after which they mature in the primary lymphatic organs.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

T cells migrate to mature into the thymus and B cells to the red bone marrow.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

At the maturation stage, lymph cells develop receptors by which they are able to accurately recognize their targets.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] After maturation, lymph cells pass along with blood to secondary lymphoid organs.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

They include the spleen, lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue of the body's mucous membranes in the intestine, pharynx and adenoids, as well as the walls of the respiratory tract and urinary tract.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] Lymph cells divide and activate in them.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

After activation, they can participate in specific immune defense.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[3] Specific immune reaction Specific immune defense, or so-called acquired immunity, develops after birth.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

When the body encounters a new pathogen, it stores information about this in a specialized memory cell.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Each lymph cell is able to accurately recognize its target and specializes in destroying only a certain type of pathogen.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] B-lymph B lymphocytes secrete antibodies and specialise into plasma cells that secrete a specific immunoglobulin, i.e. antibody against the antigen which activates the proliferation and specialisation of B cells.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Lymphocytes are also specific for one particular antibody.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Because of this, there may be thousands of different types in the body.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

The function of B cells is to take care of immunological memory, turning some of the B cells into special memory cells.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

When a B cell encounters an antigen, it divides rapidly.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

The cells that arise as a result of division share the same receptor structure with the original cell.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Most of the new B cells generated are plasma cells and the rest are memory cells.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] T-lymph T lymph cells are divided into three types based on their activity: T-killers, T-helpers and T inhibitors.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[3] They mainly identify the body's own cells or cancer cells contaminated with viruses.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

The mode of reaction of T cells is called cell-mediated specific immune response.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] Some helper and killer cells remain after the T cell response is finished.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

They become T memory cells, which usually have a lifespan of several years.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[3] A T-killer cell destroys, for example, a cell contaminated by a virus by breaking the surface of the cell membrane, resulting in the cell dying.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Antibodies can then bind to the antigens of the virus inside, allowing the eater cells to eat the remains of both the virus and the decomposed cell.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] The T helper cell starts producing cytokines after it has identified the contaminated cell or the B cell has communicated from the pathogen that has invaded the body.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Cytokines are signal agents that increase lymph cell division and differentiation and enhance cell eating of macrophages.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] T inhibitor cells, or suppressor cells, inhibit the function of the other two T cell types.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Their function is to see to it that the T-cell response ceases once the antigen that caused the immune reaction has been destroyed.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[3] Immune system disorders Autoimmune diseases In autoimmune diseases, lymph cells destroy the body's own cells and tissues.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

This is due to an error in the recognition of the immune system, whereby molecules produced by the body itself are interpreted as foreign substances.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

In this case, T cells or antibodies produced by B cells attack the individual's own cells.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] Immune system recognition errors can be caused by e.g.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

viral infections, medications or the fact that the antigens of some bacteria resemble the body's own proteins too much.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

A change in cell membrane proteins caused by a viral infection can cause childhood diabetes, for example.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

In it, T lymph cells destroy the endocrine part of the pancreas from the insulin-producing cells of the islets of Langerhans.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] Allergy refers to an immune reaction in which the body reacts too strongly to a normally harmless substance.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

Allergy-causing substances are called allergens.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

An allergy reaction mediated by B cells is called instant allergy because it breaks out right away.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

The rapid specific reaction is due to the fact that the body has ready-made antibodies against the allergen in question as a result of previous exposure.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

The allergy reaction caused by T cells is not triggered until several days later, so it is called delayed allergy.


Question: What is the function of the cell in the human body?

Lumph

[2] See also B-lymph T lymph cell Sources Category:Blood cells Category:Immunology Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Italy (united 1861) has deeply influenced the culture of the Mediterranean region and Europe as a whole.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After the Greek rule of Magna Graecia, the Etruscans and then the Roman Empire ruled Italy for centuries.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Italy was an important centre of philosophy, science and art during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Origin of the name Italy is an ancient name for the country and population of southern Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Its origin is unknown, but it might come from the Latin word vitulus (one-year-old calf): “land of calves”.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[1] Coins bearing the name Italy were printed by southern tribes that competed with Rome in the last century BCE.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After the dissolution of the Roman Empire, Italy became the joint denomination of the states of the Apennine Peninsula and their overseas holdings.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[2] Ancient peoples In old times Italy was inhabited by several different peoples.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Many of them, like Latin, Oscs and Volskis, spoke Italic languages that were closely related to each other.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In addition, there were many Greeks living in southern Italy, Etruscans in the area of present-day Tuscany, and Celtic peoples in northern Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Etruscans controlled much of Italy before the Roman Empire.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[3] The Etruscans did not speak an Indo-European language and their origins are shrouded in obscurity.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

They were definitively merged with the Romans during the republican period.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The culture, which is distinctly Etruscan, emerged in the year 800 BCE.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

after.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The high point of Etruscan civilization was in the times of the founding of Rome and the Kingdom period.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Etruscans did not form a unified kingdom but Greek-type city-states.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The last kings of the Roman Empire were Etruscans and Roman culture was strongly influenced by the Etruscans.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

As it expanded, Rome incorporated the Etruscan cities into itself.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Roman Empire Rising According to the myth, Rome was founded in 753 BCE.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Romulus and Remus and was ruled by seven kings.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[4] According to tradition, the last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, was exiled in 509 BCE.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

and the Roman Republic was founded.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The republic was governed by two elected consuls, and a senate assembled primarily from patricians formed, together with the citizens' assembly, a kind of parliament.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the following centuries, Rome expanded its territory, defeating its neighbours one after the other.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After the wars, the Romans generally did not seek total subordination of the defeated, but forced them into a subordinate ally relationship.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

This policy was one of the reasons for Rome's success.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Many weak Etruscan and Greek cities asked Rome for protection rather than confronted it in war.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After the Punic Wars and the loss of Carthage, Rome controlled most of the western Mediterranean and its influence grew rapidly in the east as well.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

10th century BCE


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

by the end Rome had defeated the Hellenistic states of Macedonia and Syria and controlled the entire Mediterranean with the exception of Egypt.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Empire The institutions of the Roman Republic had been developed in a city-state and were not suited to the control of a large empire.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In addition, there were schisms both within Rome and between Rome and its Italian allies.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The trend favored military commanders, who began pursuing exclusivity.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The first such was Sulla (d. 78 BCE.)


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After him came Julius Caesar, who after conquering Gaul (present-day France) defeated Pompey in a civil war and effectively became a monospace, but was assassinated by republican senators in 44 BCE.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

His successor Octavianus defeated the Senatorial Party, received the title Augustus and was elected Imperator.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Although he formally tolerated the laws of the republic, he ruled practically as a monopoly and the Roman Empire had emerged.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[5] This became clear under his successor Tiberius.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The establishment of the Empire brought clear advantages to the provinces, which may have appealed to the emperor against local authorities instead of corrupt senators.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Furthermore, Roman citizenship was slowly extended to provinces and jurisdiction became less arbitrary.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Roman Empire was further expanded somewhat in the Imperial period; for example Claudius annexed Britain 47 partitions..


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the first and second centuries, there were some civil wars (for example by the Four Emperors in 69) and rebellions (such as the Judean Uprising, which ended with the takeover of Jerusalem in 70 and started the Jewish diaspora).


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Decay and loss The internal state of the kingdom slowly deteriorated, which was reflected in crises in the third century, when economic difficulties, barbarian invasions, and civil wars almost led to the dissolution of the Empire.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

It was saved by Diocletian (284—305) and Constantine (306—337), who moved the capital to Byzantium, changing its name to Constantinople, thus initiating the division of the kingdom into the western and eastern part.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Constantine also stopped opposing Christianity.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Christianity became the state religion under Theodosius I in 380.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Great Internationals broke the defences of Western Rome, and the Vandals and Goths eradicated the kingdom for good in the 4th century.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Medieval Goths, Byzantium and Langobards the Visigoths conquered Italy in the 4th century and Alarik plundered Rome in 410.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

By the end of the century, the peninsula was for the most part controlled by the Ostrogoths, and Odovakar sacked in 476 the last emperor of Western Rome, Romulus Augustus.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 493, Teoderik the Great overthrew Odovakar and became king of the Ostrogoths.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The capital of his kingdom was Ravenna.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Byzantium, or Eastern Rome, invaded Italy in the early 5th century and Emperor Justinian I's generals Belisarius and Narses conquered the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths after years of war in 552.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

These Gothic Wars destroyed most of the surviving urban culture.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The departure of the Byzantine armies allowed another Germanic tribe, the Langobards, to conquer much of the peninsula.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The exarchate of Ravenna, which remained in Byzantine possession, was concentrated around Ravenna.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[6] Rise of the Catholic Church The Church and especially the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, has played an important political role since Constantine, who sought to annex the institution to imperial rule.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the precarious situation following the breakup of Western Rome, the Church was often the only stable institution and the only source of doctrine.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Even the barbarians depended on the church to govern their lands of conquest.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In addition, Catholic monastic organizations such as the Benedictines played a large role both in the economic life of the time and as custodians of classical culture.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After the entry of the Langobards, the popes were nominally subordinate to the Eastern Emperor, but received little support from Constantinople and began to build an independent state to protect Rome from langobard attacks.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the late 7th century, the popes pursued independence and found a way to do so by allying themselves with the Frankish Carolingid dynasty: the Carolings needed legitimacy to seize power from the Merovings, while the Popes needed military support against the Langobards.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 751, the Langobards took over Ravenna, and the Byzantine presence in central Italy came to an end (some coastal towns and territories in southern Italy remained in Byzantium until the 10th century).


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Popes turned to the Franks, who in 756 defeated the Langobards and ceded to the Pope power over central Italy, thus establishing the Church State.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

However, the rest of Italy was held by the Langobards or Byzantium.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Holy Roman Empire In 774, after a papal invitation, the Franks defeated the Langobards and took the crown of their kingdom.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Their leader Charles the Great was crowned by the pope on 25 December 800 in Rome as emperor.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

This caused a dispute between the Frankish Empire and Byzantium over the right to the name of Rome.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 812, Byzantium agreed to recognize the Roman Empire in exchange for guaranteeing its Italian holdings.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

However, the emperor's power did not properly reach the southern parts of the peninsula, whose two langobard dukes of Spoleto and Benevento accepted Charlemagne's rule in name only.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Conquering Benevento would have meant full encirclement of Papal territories in the emperor's territories, and Charles the Great probably thought it was not good for relations.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Greco-Latin coastal cities such as Naples on the Tyrrhenian Sea and Venice on the Adriatic became increasingly independent of Byzantium.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Charles the Great had the papal efforts to expand power stymied, and his time meant balancing in Italy, although marked by non-Italian interests.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The gap between Eastern and Western Christendom continued to grow.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Saint Leo III was the first pope to date his bulla in accordance with the reign of Charles the Great rather than the Byzantine emperors.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

By the beginning of the 8th century, the process that began three centuries earlier, in which Italy seceded from Byzantium and connected to Western Europe, had become broadly completed.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Sicily, Calabria, Apulia and some maritime cities were the main exceptions.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After the death of Charlemagne (814), under weak successors, the Empire quickly fell apart.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The equilibrium created by the emperor's charisma was shattered.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The crisis was exacerbated by external factors such as Saracen invasions and the intensification of maritime republics.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Charles the Great's son Louis the Pious died in 840.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Treaty of Verdun divided the Empire in 843.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Louis's eldest surviving son Lothar I became emperor and ruler of the central part of the kingdom.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

His three sons accordingly divided this kingdom between themselves, and northern Italy became the Kingdom of Italy under Louis II in 839.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Muslim Arabs conquered Sicily in 827, ruled until 1053.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 846, the Arabs invaded Rome and plundered St. Peter's Basilica, taking all the gold and silver from there.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

As a result, Leo IV began the construction of the Vatican Wall, which was completed in 853.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 951, the Italian and German crowns were merged.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The ruler of the new kingdom, Otto I the Great, submitted that the Union would restore the kingdom of Charles the Great and received the title of emperor in 962.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In these times of turmoil, the prestige of the papacy institution had also diminished (see pornocracy, for example).


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The end of the Middle Ages Barbarian invasions and the Gothic Wars eradicated much of Italy's urban culture.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

It did not completely disappear, but was much more modest than in the Roman period.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Wars, disappearances and disease had also collapsed Italy's population.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the 7th—8th centuries, some cities such as Amalfi and Venice began to flourish through trade (silk, salt), but urban life remained scarce.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The 10th century marked the end of the darkest period of the Middle Ages.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Trade slowly began to recover, especially through the sea, and the four port cities, Amalfi, Pisa, Genoa and Venice became powermakers.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[7] Many landlocked cities, such as Florence and Milan, also grew and effectively became independent city-states from central power, expanding their territory at the expense of feudal lords to the countryside.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the 12th century, Italian cities that were part of the Empire rebelled successfully against the centralisation effort of the regime of Frederick I Barbarossa.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The pope regained his authority and began a long struggle against the Empire on both ecclesiastical and secular issues, the first act of which was an investment-strife.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

At the same time, the southern parts of Italy and Sicily were conquered by the Normans.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Normans eventually conquered Byzantine and Arab-controlled territories.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Byzantium, however, had not been defeated yet, instead invading in 1155 Italy under Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

By 1158, the Byzantine army had been forced to withdraw from Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Renaissance Italian Renaissance, or rinascimento, ushered in the Renaissance, especially in Europe of a new era in culture and arts, which continued from the late 14th century until about 1600.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Renaissance began in Tuscany, the cities of Florence and Siena, and its high point was towards the end of the 15th century.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

It spread south, affecting Rome in particular, which was largely rebuilt by Renaissance popes.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Italian Renaissance began to decline at the end of the 15th century with the invasion of foreign powers, after which the focus of the Renaissance shifted to Central Europe.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Roots In the Heart Middle Ages, the city-states of the northern part of Italy were among the most prosperous in Europe, considerably more prosperous than the southern part of Italy, including Rome.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Crusades had established permanent trade ties with the Levant, and Byzantium, a trading rival of the Italian cities, had been badly damaged by the Fourth Crusade.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Luxury goods such as spices, dyes and silk were brought to the ports of Genoa, Pisa and Venice in Italy and exported from there to other parts of Europe.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Inland towns, on the other hand, benefited from good farmland, such as the Po River Valley.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In turn, wool, wheat and precious metals were imported via land and river routes from France, Germany and the Netherlands.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Trade stretching from Egypt to the Baltics created surpluses that could be invested in mining, farming and early industry.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Northern Italy was not richer than the rest of Europe in terms of resources, but the high rate of processing built on the bottom of commerce enabled it to succeed.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Florence, for example, initially emerged as one of the most prosperous cities in northern Italy largely through the production of fabrics.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Wool was imported from Northern Europe and Spain, and with dyes imported from the East, it was made into quality clothes.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the 13th century, Italian city-states grew strongly and became virtually independent from the Empire.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

During this period, banking and monetary methods also developed, the center of which Florence became its center, and its currency, the florin, the currency of international trade.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

A new aristocrat class emerged, which had gained ground through their business skills and challenged the feudal upper class that ruled Europe in the Middle Ages.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In most of northern Italy, urban grand burghers were more formidable than the feudal lords of the countryside.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The economic crash of the 14th century and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century saw a series of disasters that collapsed the European economy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

These included the beginning of the Little Ice Age, which depressed agricultural production as well as the Hundred Years' War between France and England, which stirred the economy: for example, two of Florence's largest banks, Bardi and Peruzzi, fell after Edward III of England left his debts of 1.5 million florins unserviced in in 1345.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[8] In the east, the formation of the Ottoman Empire cut off trade routes.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The most devastating was the Black Death, which killed tens of percent of Europe's population.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The population of Florence, for example, collapsed from 90000,0000 to 50000 and caused turmoil including, for example, the Textile Workers' Revolt of 1378.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Some accidents of the 14th century contributed to the Renaissance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Ottoman expansion at the expense of Byzantium caused an influx of refugees from the east, and they brought with them classical Greek civilisation.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Black Death wiped out a third of Europe's population, leaving the new smaller population soon more prosperous than previously thought.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The population had more property for luxury goods, but fewer of their producers, improving the position of the lower classes.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The horrors of the Black Death and the Church's inability to prevent them also undermined the Church's influence, which was one of the prerequisites for the Renaissance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

During this period, the first Renaissance figures such as Dante and Francesco Petrarca lived, and the first signs of the Renaissance were visible in the early 14th century.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The fall of the Bard and Peruzzi banks opened the way for the rise of the Medici family in Florence.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Robert Sabatino Lopez has even suggested that financial collapse was a necessary cause of the renaissance, as in economically favorable times businessmen invest their money quickly, while in bad times fewer investment items can be found, causing them to spend their funds on culture and to art.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[9] Wars Especially the early part of the Renaissance was an almost continuous war between city-states, fought by mercenaries brought from all over Europe.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Cities warred against each other, and on the other hand, the pope struggled for power with the emperor.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

More powerful city-states often subjugated their weaker ones and annexed them to themselves, such as Florence of Pisa 1406 and Venice of Padua and Verona.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The cities depended entirely on mercenaries who, in the worst case scenario, might turn on their master and take power in the city.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Fleets were equipped for wars at sea.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Venice became the superior sea master after it dispossessed the Genoese fleet in 1380.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

On land, the main wars were fought between Florence and Milan; these wars have been seen as important in the emergence of the Renaissance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[10] The Medici family, which owned the largest bank in Europe, became Lord of Florence in the 1430s, with Cosimo de' Medici as its first leader.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Florence was formally preserved as a republic, but the instruments of power were firmly in the hands of the Medici and their allies.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Cosimo de' Medici was very popular among the townspeople due to the peace and heyday of the era.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

His most notable achievements included making peace with the Sforza family of Milan, bringing an end to decades of war.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Cosimo was also a supporter of the arts, though some have regarded his reputation in this regard as exaggerated.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 1469, Cosimo's grandson Lorenzo de' Medici, who was the first member of the family to receive humanistic education in his early years and the most important of the family's supporters of the arts, came to power.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Under Lorenzo, Medici power was consolidated with the creation of the Council of Seventy, which Lorenzo presided over.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The republican institutions survived, but lost their influence.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In business, Lorenzo was not as successful as his predecessors, and the Medici financial empire slowly began to decline.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Lorenzo's relations with the pope deteriorated, leading to the attempted assassination of Lorenzo orchestrated by the Pope with the Pazzi House.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

It failed, but led to a war with the Pope by which centralized power of the Medici was later justified.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[11] The spread of the Renaissance Renaissance ideals spread from Florence first to the Tuscan neighboring cities of Siena and Lucca.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Tuscan culture soon became an object of imitation for all of northern Italy, with the Tuscan dialect of Italian dominant especially in the literature of the region.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 1447, Francesco Sforza rose to power in Milan and quickly transformed the medieval city into an arts and civilisation centre.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Venice, one of the most prosperous cities, also became a cultural center, especially in architecture.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 1378, the pope returned to Rome, but the former mighty city remained mostly poor and ruined through the early years of the Renaissance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Nicholas V, who became pope in 1447, initiated a major rebuilding.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

With the papacy falling into the hands of northern power families such as the Medici and the Borgias, the renaissance world and art became dominant in the Vatican.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Pope Sixtus IV continued the work of Nicholas, most famously his project the construction of the Sistine Chapel.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Popes increasingly became secular administrators, and under the “warrior popes”, the power of the Church State was centralised.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The character of the Renaissance changed in the late 15th century.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Renaissance ideals were then fully embraced in the ruling class and aristocracy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Early Renaissance artists were considered craftsmen with few reputations and recognitions.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Later Renaissance artists were influential and billed large commissions.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The end of the Italian Renaissance Many view the Renaissance as the symbolic endpoint of Girolamo Savonarola's rise to power in Florence in 1497.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the short reign of the unjeweled monk, many works of art were destroyed “on the pyres of vanities”.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Savonarola's power ran short and the Medici lineage returned to power, but similar moral resistance movements continued within the church, and in the middle of the 16th century Renaissance works were banned in connection with the Counter-Reformation.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

At least as important a factor in the waning of the Italian Renaissance as the Church resistance movement, was a series of attacks on Italy by foreign powers, the Italian Wars that dragged on for decades.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

They began with the 1494 French invasion, which caused widespread destruction in northern Italy and ended the independence of many city-states.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The most devastating blow was on 6 May 1527, when Spanish and German troops ravaged Rome, thus ending the pope's role as the greatest supporter of the Renaissance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Due to chaos and contacts with foreign rulers, many of Italy's greatest artists decided to leave the country, the most famous example of Leonardo da Vinci who emigrated to France in 1516.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The shift of focus to the north represented a broader trend.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Mediterranean was no longer the main trade route; Vasco da Gama had reached India in 1498, and the main trade routes from the Orient went to Atlantic ports in Iberia, France and England.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

These territories soon overtook Italy in prosperity and power.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

As the Italian Renaissance waned, however, many of its influences moved north and contributed to the Northern Renaissance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Renaissance did not mean sweeping social and economic changes, but mostly touched only a small percentage of people.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Admittedly, in northern Italian cities, the class of skilled craftsmen was in a much better position than in Europe in general, but the status of unskilled laborers was no longer much affected by the Renaissance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Foreign power and unification in the Italian Wars involved all the major Western European countries from 1494 to 1559: France, Spain, the Holy German-Roman Empire, England, Scotland, the Republic of Venice, the Church State, and most Italian city-states.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Originally beginning with disputes over the succession in Naples, the wars soon formed into complex power struggles, with varied allied relations, involving the Reformation.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Pope's influence diminished due to military defeats and the Reformation, and he allied himself with Charles V for the Counter-Reformation.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

By the end of the wars, the Habsburgs” Spain had become the ruler of Italy and a European powerhouse state at the expense of France.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Italian states, which had been powerful in the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, became second-class factors or were completely destroyed.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[12] Reunification Main article: Risorgimento at the end of the 18th century the political situation in Italy was pretty much the same as in the 16th century, distinguished by the fact that Austria had become the dominant external power instead of Spain and the fact that the Dukes of Savoy also ruled the Northwest Piedmont, had become Sardinian rulers.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

This situation was shaken by the 1796 invasion of Italy by Napoleon.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

States created by Napoleon, such as the Cisalpine Republic, were merely satellites of France, but fueled the nationalist movement.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Cisalpine Republic was transformed into the Italian Republic in 1802, with Napoleon as its president.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Congress of Vienna (1814) restored matters close to the situation of 1795.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The northeastern parts of Italy, including the Venice region and also Lombardy, fell to Austria, and the rest of Italy was divided into six states, namely the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of Sicily, the Church State, Tuscany, Parma and Modena.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Kingdom of both Sicilies encompassed the whole of southern Italy, and the Kingdom of Sardinia included not only the island of Sardinia but also territories on the mainland of northern Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The states wanted to maintain the status quo and opposed the nationalist, liberal and republican movements.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the 1820s some rebellions arose, but were suppressed by the interventions of the Austrian army.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the 1830s, there was a revolt which spread to the Church State and raised a popular force against the reactionary pope Gregory XVI.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Austria put down the rebellion, but came under pressure from France to reduce its presence in Italy and withdraw its troops from the Church State.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the 1840s, the unification act, the risorgimento, began to take on more importance through, among others, Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy movement.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Sardinian monarchs, such as Carlo Alberto and especially Viktor Emanuel II, also began to warm to the idea of unification.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The increased movement led to extensive rebellions practically throughout Italy in the European madness of 1848.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In connection with the revolts, Carlo Alberto of Sardinia declared a war against Austria, which has been referred to as the First War of Independence.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Austria defeated the Sardinians and Carlo Alberto renounced the crown in favour of Viktor Emanuel II.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Rebellions were also defeated in Tuscany, Milan and Naples.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In Rome, the situation escalated in 1849 so that Pope Pius IX was forced to flee the city, and a republic was proclaimed there.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Roman defences were organized by Giuseppe Garibaldi.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Eventually France and Austria occupied Rome, where the rebellions ended.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The events of 1848—1849 strained the situation in Italy: Pius IX cancelled his liberal reforms, and Austria took control firmly in Lombardy, Venice, and virtually Tuscany.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Kingdom of Sardinia, which ruled Piedmont, remained somewhat independent and presided over the unification of Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Crimean War weakened Austria's international standing.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Sardinian Prime Minister Camillo Cavour and French Emperor Napoleon III met in the summer of 1858 and agreed to war against Austria — the treaty was preceded by an attempted assassination of Napoleon III by an Italian nationalist fanatic.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Sardinia did not achieve its objectives in the short Second War of Independence, but through skilful diplomacy, in 1860, Cavour was able to agree the accession of Tuscany and Emilia to Sardinia, after which Sardinia controlled much of northern and central Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Italy now had four states: Piedmont Sardinia, the Kingdom of Both Sicily, the Church State, and Austrian-ruled Venice.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi In May 1860, freedom fighter Giuseppe Garibaldi, who had resigned from the Sardinian army, invaded Sicily with a small force of volunteers and conquered Palermo after beating, with British support, the many times larger armies of the Kingdom of Both Sicily.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The episode showed the weakness of the Kingdom of Sicily and made Garibaldi a national hero.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In six weeks, Garibaldi recaptured Messina and thereafter moved on to Italy, whose takeover of the southern parts went as fast as Sicily.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After winning Calabria and Naples, Garibaldi advanced towards Rome, but the ripples of forces in the Kingdom of Sicily at both slowed his advance.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Sardinia decided to keep the situation under its control and conquered the Church State with the exception of its core part, mainly the city of Rome.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Garibaldi ceded southern Italy to King Viktor Emanuel II of Sardinia.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Cavour confirmed the annexations by referendum, and the elected First National Parliament met on 18 February 1861 and proclaimed Viktor Emanuel King of Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Italian capital at first became Turin, but it was changed to Florence in 1865.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Venice and Rome, which Garibaldi unsuccessfully still tried to take in 1862 and 1867, had remained outside the Kingdom of Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Venice joined Italy in 1866 in connection with the so-called Third War of Independence, but Pope Pius IX wanted nothing to do with the new state.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

However, the Papal position was dependent on the French garrison, and when withdrawn in the context of the Franco-Prussian War, it marched the Italian army to Rome on 20 September 1870.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Rome was annexed by referendum to Italy, and became the capital.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The pope barricaded himself in the Vatican and declared himself a “prisoner of the Vatican.”


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Kingdom Until 1922, Italy was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The constitution was largely inherited from the Constitution of the Kingdom of Sardinia of 1848 established by Carlo Alberto.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The king had, in principle, extensive powers, which, however, he did not often exercise.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The most notable change was universal male suffrage in 1912.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

King Umberto I was assassinated on 29 July 1900.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

He was succeeded by Viktor Emanuel III.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[13] In the Italian—Turkish War of 1911—1912, Italy conquered Libya.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[14] World War I Italy declared itself neutral at the start of World War I, claiming that the trialliance with Germany and Austria was only defensive and did not apply to the Austro-Hungarian war.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Both coalitions tried to win Italy over, and in April 1915 the country joined the Circum-Powers, declaring war on Austria-Hungary.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The aim was to have territorial extensions such as Trento, Trieste, Istria and Dalmatia at Austria's expense.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The fighting bogged down in the Austrian-Italian border region into a war of positions that claimed great losses.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In October 1917, the Austrians, with the help of German troops, broke through the Italians' lines, but with the support of the Circum-Powers, the Italian managed to halt the attack near Venice.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Fascist regime After the end of World War I, Italy gained most of the territories it wanted except Dalmatia, which was given to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

However, the war had claimed the lives of nearly 700,000 Italian soldiers, and the internal state of the country was chaotic.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Workers staged strikes demanding rights and better working conditions.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Some took over factories and production facilities following the model of the Russian Revolution.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Fascist Party, led by Benito Mussolini, emerged from the Black Shirts organisation that broke the strikes.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In October 1922, the Fascists marched on Rome.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The king forbade the army from meddling, allied himself with Mussolini and allowing him to form a fascist-led government.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the following years, Mussolini, who was known as “Il Ducena”, or leader, banned other political parties and curtailed civil liberties.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 1929, Mussolini signed the so-called lateran treaties with the Catholic Church, which led to the formation of a teeny Vatican City State under the papacy, ending the schism with the Pope that had been going on since 1870.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Mussolini was initially on quite good terms with Britain and France, but with Italy's conquest of Ethiopia in 1935—1936, relations with Western countries cooled.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Because of this, as well as ideological similarities, Italy was oriented towards Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, and formed a Berlin—Rome axis with Germany.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After Germany annexed Czechoslovakia without notifying Italy of the plan, Italy considered itself a lesser member of the Axis, and Mussolini decided to annex Albania to Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Albania was occupied on 7 April 1939, its king became King Viktor Emanuel III of Italy and a Fascist government was formed there.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Italian-German alliance was strengthened by the Steel Treaty on 22 May 1939.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

World War II Mussolini dreamed of a Greater Italy encompassing the Mediterranean, but Italy remained neutral when World War II broke out.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Italy declared war on France and Great Britain on 10 June 1940 with France's defeat looking certain.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

After the German occupation of Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and France, Mussolini decided to occupy Greece by using Albania as a support area.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

This failed badly, for not only did the Greeks repel the attack, they pushed the front deep into Albania.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Fearing that the Balkans would become the Achilles heel of its European rule, Germany occupied Greece and Yugoslavia.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

With the failure of the Soviet conquest (1941—1942) and the entry of the United States into the war (December 1941), the situation for the Axis powers deteriorated.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In March 1943, British and US forces were definitively defeated by the Italians and Germans in North Africa and came ashore in Sicily.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

King Viktor Emanuel III sacked and arrested Mussolini and appointed Marshal Pietro Badoglio as prime minister.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The new government officially resumed the war, but initiated secret peace talks.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Hitler did not trust Badoglio but sent troops to Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

On 8 September 1943, Badoglio's government concluded an armistice with the Allies, but did not declare war on Germany.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Badoglio and the king family relocated to Allied controlled territory.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the confusion that followed, most of the Italian army disintegrated and Germany took control of central and northern Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Germans freed Mussolini with a commando strike and installed him as puppet ruler of the Italian Social Republic established in the north.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

As the Allies slowly forced the Germans towards the north, the official government finally declared war on Germany.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

At the same time, the anti-fascist popular movement grew stronger and caused problems for the Germans.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Eventually, in April 1945, the Allies had pushed the Germans out of Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Italy's war success in World War II was something, with individual exceptions, weak.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The Fascists had thus utterly failed in the task they considered most important, turning Italy into a military power.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Republic After World War II, Italy was forced to abandon its African territories as well as Fiume and Istria, but freed itself from war reparations and received Marshall aid.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Elections were held in 1946 to elect a new Constituent Parliament.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Women had the right to vote in this election for the first time.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In conjunction with the election, a vote was taken to preserve the monarchy and the republican option won.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

King Umberto II resigned after only a month in power.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The parliamentary election was won by Italy's Christian Democratic Party (DC), which ruled Italy for nearly the next four decades.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The position of the Communist Party (PCI) was also quite strong in the post-war years.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The new constitution had to be prepared for almost two years and eventually, apart from the king, it became quite similar to the one that preceded the Fascist rule.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Italy became a republic with its president essentially having nominal power.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Italy is a founding member of both NATO and the European Community.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[15] Post-war Italy was faced with poverty and agrarian domination, but in the 1950s and 1960s the northern part was heavily industrialised, which has even been spoken of as an economic miracle for Italy, but the development of the south of the country was slower.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[16] Under the Lateran Contracts renewed in 1948, Italian marital law was regulated by the Catholic Church.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the 1970s, the church's power in this regard was breached and divorce, as well as abortion, were legalized.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The 1970s were marked by student riots and terrorism from both the far right and -left.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Of the many far-left organisations, the best known was the Red Brigades, whose most famous act is the 1978 capture and assassination of former Prime Minister Aldo Moro.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The single most serious act of terrorism was the 1980 bombing of Bologna railway station by a far-right organisation in which 84 people were killed.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The extensive Tangentopol kickback scandal of the early 1990s dissolved the DC Party and revolutionised the political map to such an extent that the period since has been talked of as a “second republic.”


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

With a broad campaign, the Italian government sought to quash corruption (the “clean hands” campaign), as well as the Mafia, whose members were arrested with the help of whistleblowers over 200 and assets were seized worth about $1 billion in 1992.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

[17] In the March 1994 general election, the overwhelming winner was the Alliance for Freedom (Polo della Libertá), formed as an electoral alliance, formed by Forward Italy (Forza Italia, FI), founded by media mogul Silvio Berlusconi, the National Conservative National League (Alleanza Nazionale, AN) and Northern Alliance (Lega Nord, LN) called for autonomy for Northern Italy.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Berlusconi formed a right-wing coalition government in which the aforementioned parties participated.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The government was already toppled in December 1994 over bribery suspicions against Berlusconi.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In 1996, with Romano Prodi's centre-left coalition coming to power, Prodi's government lasted until the rest of 1998.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

In the 2001 elections, the “House of Freedoms” (Casa delle Libertà) coalition led by Berlusconi survived the winner, and Berlusconi was allowed to form his second government.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Forza Italia gained from the country's upper house of parliament, the Senate (Senato della Repubblica), 82 seats out of 315 and the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati), 189 seats out of 630.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The main opposition force in the early 2000s was the centre-left “Olive Tree” (Uniti Nell'ulivo) coalition, whose largest party is the Social Democratic “Democrats of the Left” (Democratici di Sinistra).


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The bribery trial against Berlusconi was halted in June 2003 when parliament voted on a new law guaranteeing legal immunity to politicians and judges.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Berlusconi's reign continued into the April 2006 elections, narrowly won by Romano Prodi's coalition.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Prodi's first government, made up of a dozen parties, lasted nine months before falling to a vote to keep the country's troops in Afghanistan.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

However, Prodi was allowed to form a new government.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

The centre-left's new party grouping has been the Democratic Party since, [18] and its ranks emerged in early 2014 as Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.


Question: What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War between England and France on the development of Europa?

History of Italy

Sources On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a combination of several communication protocols used for Internet traffic.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

The IP protocol is a lower-level protocol responsible for addressing terminals and routing packets across the network.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Several other network or transport layer protocols can be run on top of it, of which the TCP protocol is the most common.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

It is responsible for the communication connection between the two terminals, the organization of packets and the retransmission of drowned packets.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Although the TCP/IP protocol family includes many other protocols, most of the traffic takes place as TCP connections on top of IP protocols.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Because of this, the protocol family in general is known as TCP/IP.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

The history of TCP/IP implements the Internet architecture and dates back to ARPANET's reference model (, ARM).


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[1] Other protocol architectures developed include Xerox's XNS as well as IBM's SNA.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[1] The TCP/IP protocol family follows the ARPANET model, with five layers unlike the OSI model seven, and some of the functions are in informal layer 2.5 like the ARP protocol.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[1] Xerox wanted to keep XNS closed and firmly in its own possession.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[2] At the same time, TCP/IP was only at an early stage.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[2] Louis Pouzin developed the Cyclades computer network in France, which also influenced the development of TCP/IP.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[3] [4] Vint Cerf worked in DARPA with the implementation of TCP/IP and Bill Joy was tasked with integrating TCP/IP into Unix, but rewrote the implementation in 1982 instead of just integrating.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[2] As a result of the implementation, source codes were available with the operating system, which was also available for the VAX platform and Ethernet network.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[2] ARPANET switched to using TCP/IP on January 1, 1983.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[2] With the advent of Berkeley Unix, TCP/IP spread to CERN as well.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[5] The OSI protocol stack was intended to replace TCP/IP in the 1980s, but TCP/IP was already in increasing use.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

[6] [7] [8] Standards The TCP/IP protocol family is responsible for the IETF standardization organization.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Application, transport, and network layer protocols are defined in its approved RFC series documents.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Base layer protocols are not part of the TCP/IP protocol family but are often defined by the IEEE standardization organization.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

The representation of content used on the Internet is defined by various entities, for example the W3C standardization organization has defined HTML and XML representations.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

IP Protocol The network layer IP protocol is the core of the TCP/IP protocol.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Routers transmitting information on the network only transmit IP packets, which is based on information about the header fields of IP packets.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

All upper-level protocols, such as TCP, are incorporated, encapsulated, in the data section of the IP packet.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Thus, a network operating at the IP level is unaware of the upper-level protocols and connections.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

httpftpsnmpdnsicmptcpudpInternet protocolsEthernettoken RingatMumts IP protocol can be run on almost any network, making it easy to connect different networks into bigger entities.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

The Internet is only one but the most significant network built in this way.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

In the Internet protocol word, internet means a network between networks.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Almost any application can be run on top of an internet protocol.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

A simple internet protocol that is easy to build on top of any kind can serve as the basis for just about any type of application.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

The design principle of the Internet protocol has been IP over everything, everything over IP.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

TCP protocol As the name of the TCP/IP protocol family suggests, another important protocol in the family is the TCP protocol, which creates connections between applications on computers using IP packets.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

It takes care of fault management, reliability, acknowledgments and putting packages in the right order.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Other transport and network layer protocols UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a data telegram provided to applications.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

It's like an IP package, but it additionally has the port mechanism the applications need like in TCP.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

SCTP and RTP are newer alternatives to TCP and UDP for more reliable use of the type of dial-up applications.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

However, they are still little used.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is an internet protocol monitoring protocol by which devices communicate with each other busy messages related to the delivery of IP packets.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

LAN solutions have protocols to find the corresponding LAN address based on the IP address.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

The most common such protocol is the protocol ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) for searching MAC addresses for Ethernet networks.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

With Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), a computer that does not know its own IP address can ask for it from the network.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

This is necessary, for example, for laptops that need to get an IP address suitable for their respective location.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Domain Name Service (DNS) is a service for converting Internet domain names, such as www.firma.fi, into an IP address.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Routers on the Internet exchange routing information with each other, which allows to find the optimal route between two nodes or networks.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

Routing protocols include, for example, OSPF, BGP, and RIP.


Question: Who developed MAC addresses?

IP

See also TCP/IP Reference Model OSI Model RINA Sources * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The peanuts

Peanuts () is a newspaper comic that appeared in strip format and was written and drawn by American cartoonist Charles M. Schulz.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The peanuts

Peanuts appeared from October 2, 1950 — February 13, 2000 and for years it was the most read newspaper comic in the world.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The peanuts

At its best, the series was published in over 2600 newspapers, had 355 million readers in 75 countries, and was translated into 21 different languages.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The peanuts

Schulz made all 17897 strips on his own, with no assistants.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The peanuts

Peanuts have been considered to have revolutionised newspaper comics by its example and has been heralded as their paragon by numerous comic creators.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The peanuts

Schulz drew the series in a very reduced drawing style and it initially appeared in a smaller size than usual, which, however, later became the industry standard.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The peanuts

Peanuts personalities are children who often express adult emotions, and the series' humor is largely generated by the characters' escalated personalities as well as recurring topics.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The peanuts

The strength of the series has been considered its psychological level and it has also been seen as philosophical.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

A major theme of Peanuts is the depiction of mundane adversity and feelings of uncertainty that come into play especially in the series' protagonist Jaska Jokuse (Charlie Brown).


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

The imaginative and human dog Snoopy (Snoopy) has also formed into a very popular character.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

Schulz often referred to religious themes in Tenavi, but as a rule he avoided controversial topics.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

Peanavi has been the subject of 45 television animated films, five feature-length animated films and a Broadway musical, all of which have been popular especially in the series' native United States.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

Peanuts was also a huge commercial success.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

With the promotional use of ancillary products and characters, it got around a billion-class business that has stirred mixed feelings.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

Tenavia was published until 2011 by the United Feature Syndicate comic book syndicate.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

Today, the rights to the series are owned by a joint venture called Peanuts Worldwide, which is owned by DHX Media, Sony and the Schulz heiress.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

History The genesis of the series as a precursor to Peanuts was a series called Li'l Folks (“The Little Folks”), drawn by Charles M. Schulz for the St. Paul Pioneer Press, which appeared in his hometown of Saint Paul from 1947 to 1950.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

This was not an actual strip series; each issue of Li'l Folks contained four separate one-picture jokes.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

The characters in the series were all children.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

[1] Schulz, according to his own telling, did not initially have any particular interest in making a comic book specifically about children.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

After trying different ideas, he ended up with children because “they were traded”.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

[2] The Li'l Folks already included the premise of Peanuts: children talking about feelings and things that normally belong to the world of adults rather than children.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

Several of Peanavie's early characters and jokes originated as early as Li'l Folks.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

The series, among others, featured a character named Charlie Brown and a dog that resembled Sneaky.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

[1] [3] In early Li'l Folks strips, children still looked relatively realistic, but by 1949 they became large-headed caricatures, thus anticipating the visual look of early Peanvat strips.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

[4] Schulz stopped drawing Li'l Folks in the fall of 1949 because the editor of the St. Paul Pioneer Press had no interest in developing the series.


Question: What is the Simpsons series' ongoing halloween special called?

The Pedanauts

In early 1950, Schulz offered the New York-based United Feature syndicate a new series that would have been formed of two undersigned strips.