Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The old rules no longer adequately described the structures of the time and the restoration of an earlier kingdom peace, Landfrieden</i>in, was called for.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

When Frederick III needed money from the princes to fight against Hungary and at the same time elected his son (later Maksimilian I) as king, the princes demanded greater representation as one man.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

For the first time, the meeting of Electors and other princes was called the Riksdag.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Frederick III refused to convene the Reichstag, but two years after Fredrik's death, his more conciliatory son convened it at Worms in 1495.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In Worms, the king and princes agreed on four decisions commonly referred to as the Reich Reform, the Reichsreform.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Reich Reform included actions intended to give the disintegrating Empire back a certain structure, such as imperial lands and chamber court, which partly lasted until the end of the Empire until 1806.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Reformation When Martti Luther in 1517 began the Reformation, many princes saw in it an opportunity to oppose the emperor.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Empire was fatally split in two along religious boundary lines.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Eastern and northern Germany and many of the major cities like Strasbourg, Frankfurt and Nuremberg became Protestant and the southern and western regions remained Catholic.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In German historiography, the era is referred to as the “Period of Confessionalism” (Zeitalter des Konfessionalismus).


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

After a hundred years of quarrels, the conflict turned into the Thirty Years' War (1618—1648), which devastated the Empire.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Foreign countries including France and Sweden became involved in the war and annexed significant territories of the kingdom into themselves.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, following the Peace of Westphalia, the Empire was nearing its end.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In the Peace of Westphalia, the principalities gained almost full independence, and were even allowed to independently establish alliances with third countries.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Empire was no longer just a lax union of very independent states.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Its emperors belonging to the Habsburg lineage effectively ruled only territories belonging to the so-called Habsburg Monarchy, mainly Austria, Bohemia and Hungary, but of these territories, as well as later Prussia, only some were counted as belonging to the Empire.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In his essay on the history, customs and spirit of peoples, Voltaire mocked Germany, saying, “Neither holy, nor Roman, nor Empire”.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[11] End of Empire The Empire officially ceased to exist on 6 August 1806 when the last Emperor, Francis II, resigned after Napoleon was beaten by Austria at the Battle of Austerlitz.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The relatives of Francis II were, until 1918, emperors of Austria.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The First Empire after German reunification in 1871, the Holy German-Roman Empire was considered the first kingdom.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Nazi Germany considered itself the Third Reich and united itself with the restoration of the “former good times”.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

See also List of rulers of the Holy German-Roman Empire Notes Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Berndl, Hattsten, Knebel & Udelhoven| title = World history| publisher = Parragon| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-1-4054-8283-7}} References On the Topic Elsewhere by Heinrich August Winkler: Der lange Weg nach Westen, Vol.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

1: Deutsche Geschichte vom Ende des Alten Reiches bis zum Ende der Weimarer Republik.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

ISBN 3-406-46001-1, p. 5.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire by James Bryce.


Question: How big was the German-Roman Empire?

Holy German-Roman Empire

ISBN 0-333-03609-3 * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Lymph cells, or lymphocytes, are cells found in the body and belong to white blood cells, or leukocytes.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[1] They are involved in the immune response and maintain the function of a specific, selective, immune system.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Using antigen receptors on their cell surface, lymph cells recognize antigens they encounter in the body.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Lymph cells specialize from bone marrow stem cells and have two main classes: B and T lymphocytes.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Lymph cell formation Like other white blood cells, lymph cells arise from stem cells common to all blood cells in the bone marrow, after which they mature in the primary lymphatic organs.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

T cells migrate to mature into the thymus and B cells to the red bone marrow.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

At the maturation stage, lymph cells develop receptors by which they are able to accurately recognize their targets.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] After maturation, lymph cells pass along with blood to secondary lymphoid organs.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

They include the spleen, lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue of the body's mucous membranes in the intestine, pharynx and adenoids, as well as the walls of the respiratory tract and urinary tract.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] Lymph cells divide and activate in them.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

After activation, they can participate in specific immune defense.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[3] Specific immune reaction Specific immune defense, or so-called acquired immunity, develops after birth.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

When the body encounters a new pathogen, it stores information about this in a specialized memory cell.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Each lymph cell is able to accurately recognize its target and specializes in destroying only a certain type of pathogen.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] B lymphocytes secrete antibodies and specialise into plasma cells that secrete a specific immunoglobulin, i.e. antibody against the antigen which activates the proliferation and specialisation of B cells.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Lymphocytes are also specific for one particular antibody.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Because of this, there may be thousands of different types in the body.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

The function of B cells is to take care of immunological memory, turning some of the B cells into special memory cells.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

When a B cell encounters an antigen, it divides rapidly.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

The cells that arise as a result of division share the same receptor structure with the original cell.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Most of the new B cells generated are plasma cells and the rest are memory cells.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] T-lymph T lymph cells are divided into three types based on their activity: T-killers, T-helpers and T inhibitors.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[3] They mainly identify the body's own cells or cancer cells contaminated with viruses.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

The mode of reaction of T cells is called cell-mediated specific immune response.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] Some of the helper and killer cells remain after the T cell response is finished.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

They become T memory cells, which usually have a lifespan of several years.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[3] A T-killer cell destroys, for example, a cell contaminated by a virus by breaking the surface of the cell membrane, resulting in the cell dying.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Antibodies can then bind to the antigens of the virus inside, allowing the eater cells to eat the remains of both the virus and the decomposed cell.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] The T helper cell starts producing cytokines after it has identified the contaminated cell or the B cell has communicated from the pathogen that has invaded the body.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Cytokines are signal agents that increase lymph cell division and differentiation and enhance cell eating of macrophages.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] T inhibitor cells, or suppressor cells, inhibit the function of the other two T cell types.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Their function is to see to it that the T-cell response ceases once the antigen that caused the immune reaction has been destroyed.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[3] Immune system disorders Autoimmune diseases In autoimmune diseases, lymph cells destroy the body's own cells and tissues.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

This is due to an error in the recognition of the immune system, whereby molecules produced by the body itself are interpreted as foreign substances.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

In this case, T cells, or antibodies produced by B cells, attack the individual's own cells.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] Immune system recognition errors can be caused by e.g.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

viral infections, medications or the fact that the antigens of some bacteria resemble the body's own proteins too much.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

A change in cell membrane proteins caused by a viral infection can cause childhood diabetes, for example.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

In it, T lymph cells destroy the endocrine part of the pancreas from the insulin-producing cells of the islets of Langerhans.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] Allergy refers to an immune reaction in which the body reacts too strongly to a normally harmless substance.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

Allergy-causing substances are called allergens.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

An allergy reaction mediated by B cells is called instant allergy because it breaks out right away.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

The rapid specific reaction is due to the fact that the body has ready-made antibodies against the allergen in question as a result of previous exposure.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

The allergy reaction caused by T cells is not triggered until several days later, so it is called delayed allergy.


Question: What does lymphocyte mean?

Lumph

[2] See also B-lymph T lymph cell Sources Category:Blood cells Category:Immunology Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The 2 cm Flak 30 or 2 cm Flugabwehrkanone 30 was a light 20 mm anti-aircraft cannon used by the German Army in World War II.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

It was later developed into an improved model of the 2 cm Flak 38, which was Germany's principal light anti-aircraft gun in the war.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The Flak 38 was also developed into the lightweight mountain model 2 cm Gebirgsflak 38 and the four-tube 2 cm Flakvierling 38.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Cannons were also mounted on a variety of semi-carriage and armoured platforms.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[1] Naval versions of the 2 cm C/30 and 2 cm C/38 also existed of the cannons.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[2] 50 Flak 30 guns were received to Finland for the Winter War, as well as about one hundred Flak 38 guns during the Continuation War.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Finnish titles for cannons were 20 ITK/30 BSW and 20 ITK/38 BSW.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[3] Development The Rheinmetall factory had developed in Germany towards the end of World War I the Ehrhardt Flz.K aircraft cannon for the 20x70RB cartridge on the basis of an enlarged Dreyse machine gun machinery.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The cannon did not make it to service use, but the factory managed to keep the gun drawings and model pieces in their possession.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In the 1920s, experts from Rheinmetall temporarily relocated to the Solothurn factory in Switzerland to develop 20 mm machine guns.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The development work resulted in the creation of the Solothurn S5-100 machine cannon using the new more powerful 20x138B cartridge using ship, anti-aircraft and anti-tank flags.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The gun was also made into a vehicular version of the T5-100, which was further developed into the Germans' 2 cm KwK 30 tank gun.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

At the turn of the 1930s, the weapon was being developed in both Switzerland and Germany, where it was known by Rheinmetall's commercial name as the 2 cm Maschinenkanone ST 5.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[4] Solothurn and Rheinmetall also attempted to compete with the Oerlikon 20 mm cannon by offering ST-5 cannon in mm.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

For the armed forces of Britain and the United States, but virtually without success.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[4] The United States experimented with the ST-5 cannon as early as 1933, but the gun was deemed not good enough to be worth acquiring.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Great Britain held a competition between the cannons in 1935, resulting in the selection of the Oerlikon gun.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[5] The German Navy took the ST-5 machine cannon into its first use as a fleet version of the 2 cm MG C/30L cone wheel Sockellafette 30L.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In 1933, Berlin-Suhler Waffen und Fahrzeugwerke designed an anti-aircraft lavette equipped with a two-wheeled drive train for the cannon, with which the Rheinmetall (since 1936 Rheinmetall-Borsig) cannon was adopted for use by the reconstituted German armed forces.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The first 2 cm Flak 30 cannon was received by Luftwaffe anti-aircraft units around 1934—1935.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[4] Operating Principle The fixed parts of the actual weapon of the Flak 30 are the box, the box cover and aft piece and the magazine.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The tube is 130 cm, or 65 caliber, of which the length of the section with eight strips is 72 cm.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[3] For recoil control, a mouth brake was fastened to the mouth of the tube by quick mounting, a 41 mm mouth brake on new rough cannons or in cold weather, or a 35 mm mouthbrake on already driven guns.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Inside the box, to the moving skate, the tube is fastened with a quick fastening for easy replacement of the pipe.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Attached to the launch pedals on the lavet are the weapon's two triggers located on either side of the aft piece, the left-hand one for serial fire and the right-hand one for one-off fire.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

When fired from serial fire, the cam of the left-hand trigger in the box's aft piece releases the lock to plunge forward and take the cartridge with it.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The threshold of the lock retainer allows the slide and tube to move, whereby the buffer spring begins to push the lock, skate and tube together forward, thus creating a rigid connection between the parts.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The puncher ignites the teddy of the cartridge at the same moment that forward movement of moving parts stops when the skate hits the front of the box, and the recoil of the shot causes the tube, skate, and lock to recoil.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

After the moving parts recede, about 25 mm lock and slide break away, and the slide and tube stop against the bumper of the skate behind the locking piece and its latch.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The lock continues to retreat whereby the ejector hitting the base of the shot shell causes the shell to leave the gun.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The lock stops against the bumper of the aft piece, and the cycle repeats if the launch pedal is still pressed and there are cartridges in the clip.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

When firing a lump fire, the right-hand rotary trigger would hold the lock on the lock arrester cam after each shot.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[6] Lavet and sights The cannon uses a 20 cartridge double-row curved clip which attaches to the left side of the cannon in a horizontal position.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

When the clip clears, the lock remains behind and the gun is ready for fire immediately after the clip is replaced.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[6] The Flak 30 has a theoretical rate of fire of 280 rounds per minute with a practical rate of fire of 120 rounds per minute.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[7] The cannon is equipped with a two-wheeled drive train Sonderanhänger 51 (Sd.Ah.51, special trailer 51), [3] from which it is dropped on a Y-shaped substrate on adjustable ground plates.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

If necessary, the cannon can also be fired with the drive train from the top of the wheels.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The baseline is a 360 gun rotating upper bracket to which the cradle with the cannon's weight strainer and strut is attached.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The alignment of the cannon is carried out by two handwheels of which the lateral orientation wheel is in front of the adjuster sitting behind the cannon and the elevator wheel on the right side plate of the upper lavette.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

To protect the cannon and the Adjuster, armor plates can be attached to the lavet for ground combat.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Elevation alignment limits are —12° to +90°.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Initially, Flak 30 cannons used the Carl Zeiss-manufactured anti-aircraft sight Flakvisier 35, from a commercial named Ned 4 A.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

This scope was a reflection sight with an advance calculator that rotated the shooting values given (speed, distance, angle of flight inclination and direction of motion) so that the shooter could keep the target in the aim without worrying about the advance.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In addition, a simpler Linealvisier 21 preseason sight existed.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Even when using the Flakvisier scope, fire had to be corrected by means of streaks like anti-aircraft machineguns because most of the values assigned to the calculator were estimated.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[8] 2 cm Flak 38 As the speed of aircraft increased in the 1930s, the rate of fire of the 2 cm Flak 30 was found to be too low for effective combat.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

On top of this, the Flak 30 was quite prone to interference.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Waffenfabrik Mauser AG began development of its own 20 mm anti-aircraft cannon in 1934 under the direction of engineers Linder and Froebe.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Development work continued until 1938 and serial production reached the new 2 cm Fliegerabwehrkanone 38 in 1939.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The biggest improvement was increasing the theoretical rate of fire to 450 to 480 rounds per minute, also increasing the practical rate of fire to 220 rounds per minute.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The Flak 38 was also lighter and additionally less expensive to manufacture.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[7] The Flak 38 is also based on a short tube recoil like the Flak 30, but otherwise the machinery of the gun is completely different from that of the older cannon and is closely related to Mauser's MG 151 aircraft gun.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[9] The cannon tube is 130 cm long eight-grip and fitted with a quick mount, according to the older design, but is attached to a tube extension much shorter than the skate.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The flak 38 lock lock wraps around the longitudinal axis of the lock and is equipped with locking buckles resembling a truncated thread.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

After the trigger machine releases the lock, it plunges forward, taking the cartridge with it into the tube.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The closure piece twists in its steering groove and the lock stops briefly after the cartridge inserts into the tube, but it is not until the inertial body moving behind the separate lock that strikes the lock after the lock causes a rigid connection between the lock and the tube to be established when the locking latch attaches the closure piece tube extension machining.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Pushing the puncher through the locking piece ignites the cartridge teddy, whereby the tube and lock begin to recoil together from the force of the recoil.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The locking latch opens and the closing piece can twist in its control rollers.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The tube deceleration rings stop the movement of the tube and the tube return spring returns it to the front position again, but with the lock closing piece detaching from the tube extension, the lock has already gained enough kinetic energy to return to its rear position.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

As the lock trails, the shell exits the gun and the buffer of the aft part of the box stops the movement of the inertial body.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The bumper spring and the feedback spring above the lock on the box lid cause the lock to move forward again and the operation cycle to repeat itself.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Unlike the earlier Flak 30, the Flak 38 does not have separate launch pedals for single and serial fire, instead the firing method is chosen from the safety selection lever.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

As in Flak 30, when the clip is emptied, the lock left behind is a weapon in tune.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[10] The Flak 38 used the same Sonderanhänger 51 driving gear as the Flak 30 and the same type of launcher.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The upper platform has been redesigned so that the cradle of the cannon is placed between open bearing frames on both sides where the cradle's circumferential counterparts are located.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The lavet orientation machinery has been modified to be faster and more accurate so that the converter can choose between two gears faster for rough orientation or slower for fine orientation.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The elevation trend extends from —20 degrees to +90 degrees at Flak 38, and the tooth perimeter of the elevation orientation is within the right-hand bearing circumference.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The Adjuster no longer sits directly behind the cannon but on its right side.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The Flakvisier 38 autostar, developed on the basis of the earlier Flakvisier 35, was aimed at the top, but as the war wore on, the simpler Linealvisier 21 became established as a cannon aimer.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Later, with aircraft speeds becoming too large for the advance calculator cannon, the simple pendulum advance ring sight Schwebekreisvisier 30 was developed.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[11] 2 cm Gebirgsflak 38 and Flakvierling 38 Similar to the earlier 2 cm KwK 30, the 2 cm KwK 38 was also developed from the Flak 38 into a tank gun.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[12] A lighter version of the Flak 38 was developed for mountain and landing troops, 2 cm Gebirgsflak 38, weighing only 276 kg.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[13] [14] Instead of a standard underlavette, the cannon had a three-pronged lavette to which wheels could be attached for towing, or the cannon could be disassembled, for example, for carrying parties.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[1] [15] In 1940, it was found that aircraft had not only become faster, but also more durable and better armoured.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The Flak 38's higher rate of fire improved the likelihood of being hit, but one hit from a 20 mm mortar was often not enough to bring down the aircraft.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

To improve the power of light air defenses, four of the Flak 38's guns were placed on a single levee as four-tubed cannon on the 2 cm Flakvierling 38.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The first Flakvierlings were put into service in late 1940.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The four tubes were positioned in pairs on each side of the cannon and could be fired either in opposing pairs or all together.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The two launch pedals were triggered by opposing pairs of tubes (right top and left bottom, and vice versa).


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

When firing two tubes, the vests of the other two could be replaced or all four tubes could be fired at once for maximum firepower.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The cannon was normally powered by the two-wheeled drive gear Sonderanhänger 52, but could also be mounted on a railway car or solidly in an anti-aircraft turret or other fortified station.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The weight of the Flakvierling was 1509 kg at the fire station and 2100 kg in transport condition.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The cannon was aimed at Flakvisier 40 or Linealvisier 21.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[1] [16] [17] [18] Fleet Models The Flak 38 fleet model designation was 2 cm C/38.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In the ship model, the 20 cartridge magazine had been replaced by a larger 40 cartridge magazine.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Similar to the C/30, the cannon was used as a single-tube with the same body-oriented L/30 taper plate, but the Flak 35 Vierling L/38, a four-tube Vierling version of the cannon was also developed.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

A three-axle stabilised version of the four-tube lavet continued to be developed, which remained horizontal despite the ship's tilt under the heading Vierling C 38/43.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The first stabilized cannons entered service in 1944.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

A single-tube lavet model L41 existed for motor torpedo boats.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

As a specialty, the U-boats were developed a two-tube hydraulic controlled flatbed version that took a dive up to 200 meters deep.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[2] Anti-aircraft tanks and semi-carriages as early as the war the Germans sought to improve the mobility of light air defence by mounting Flak 30 or Flak 38 guns on various vehicle platforms.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In its simplest terms, this meant an ordinary cannon placed on the platform of a truck.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Intended anti-aircraft semi-roller wagons were the Sd.Kfz.10/4 and Sd.Kfz.10/5 made on the basis of the Sd.Kfz.10, of which production of the Sd.Kfz.10/4 started shortly before the war in July 1939.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

It featured a Flak 30 cannon on an unarmored platform made on the platform of the Sd.Kfz.10 with down-reversible side plates which enabled a full 360-degree fire sector.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In 1941, the Flak 30 was replaced by the Flak 38, the vehicle was partially armored and designated as the Sd.Kfz.10/5.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Several thousand of these vehicles were produced.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[19] No actual factory versions of the Sd.Kfz.251 semi-roller wagon were made for anti-aircraft, but finished conversion kits were made for the front forces to accommodate the Flak 30 or Flak 38 on the vehicle's platform.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The anti-aircraft version also received the official title Sd.Kfz.251/17.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The four-barrel Flakvierling 38 was mounted on the platform of the heavy Sd.Kfz.7 under the heading Sd.Kfz.7/1.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The first models were unarmored, but starting in 1942 they were protected by 8 mm armour plates.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

About 1,000 pieces were manufactured during the war.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[16] [20] The first actual anti-aircraft tanks were the Flakpanzer I carriages converted from the hull of the Panzerkampfwagen I and the Flakpanzer 38 (t) carriages converted from the hull of the Panzerkampfwagen 38 (t).


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In these, the obsolete light tanks had been converted to anti-aircraft tanks and were armed with a single Flak 38 gun.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[21] [22] The Möbelwagen anti-aircraft tank was first made a prototype armed with the Flakvierling 38, but in the accepted model for serial manufacture the weapon was fitted with a single 3.7 cm Flak 43 anti-aircraft gun.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[23] Wirbelwind purpose-designed anti-aircraft tank armed with Flakvierling 38 guns positioned on top in an open lightly armoured turret.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

About one hundred Wirbelwinds were manufactured during 1944, and the wagon proved effective against low-flying aircraft.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[24] [16] The use of 2 cm Flak 30 received its baptism of fire in the Spanish Civil War.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In World War II, cannons in different versions were in use by German troops on all fronts.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The Flak 38 was the principal design, but the older Flak 30 also remained in service until the end of the war.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The cannons were deployed as weapons for light anti-aircraft batteries of the Ground Forces along with 37 mm guns.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The basic principle was one 37 mm battery and three 20 mm batteries in the battery, each 20 mm battery with 12 guns.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

As the war wore on, however, the composition of anti-aircraft divisions varied greatly depending on circumstances and missions.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Cannons were also often used for surface shooting.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In use by Luftwaffe anti-aircraft units, the cannons were the protection of targets in German home territory and conquered territories.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Naval versions were part of the armament of almost every warship.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[2] A typical crew consisted of seven men: a cannon leader, an adjuster, two advance calculator operators, a loader, a rangefinder, and a driver and gunman.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Cannons in fixed positions often had a smaller crew.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[3] [12] [1] [25] For use in Finland, Finland was offered the right to produce the 2 cm Flak 30 cannon as early as 1938, where Germany would have obtained the licence of the Aimo Lahti 20 mm L-34 machine cannon.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

However, a dispute in Finland over the benefits of 20 mm calibre led to the rejection of the offer, and it is possible that the German offer had not been put forward in earnest either.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

However, in the summer of 1939, the Flak 30 was found worthy of obtaining light anti-aircraft guns over the next few months, and in September 1939 the German Air Ministry agreed to sell 134 guns and 390,000 cartridges.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[26] The transaction was entered into just before the Winter War on 19 October 1939.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Despite opposition from German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, the first batch of 30 cannons and 100,000 cartridges arrived in Finland shortly before war broke out, and a second batch of 20 cannon was allowed to be imported through Sweden at the beginning of the war.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The remaining cannons and cartridges went unarrived due to Soviet pressure.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

In Finland the cannons received the designation 20 Itk/30 BSW meaning 20 mm anti-aircraft cannon Model 30 manufacturer BSW, where BSW came from the lavet manufacturer name.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[27] The cannons were also known as Gustloff after the Gustloff-Werke factory.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The Flak 30 guns received in Finland were actually Rheinmetall's commercial 2 cm MK ST 51 series.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The cannons obtained in Finland had no protective shields.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[28] During the interim peace, two 2 cm MG C/30 L guns were also obtained on ship platform which were placed on the mothership Von Döbeln.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[27] The fleet title of the cannon in Finland was 20/65 BSW.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[29] Newer 2 cm Flak 38 guns were purchased for Finland during the Intermediate Peace and later Continuation War under 20 ITK/38 BSW.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Cannons on fixed ship floods received the designation 20 ITK/38 BSWK.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The largest batches of Flak 38 guns were obtained between 1943 and 1944, contracted to 40 field lavetted and 15 ship-mounted guns.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

A total of 20 ITK/38 BSW guns may have entered Finland with up to 113 pieces, but probably the number has remained slightly lower.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[27] In 1960, the Finnish Defence Forces' anti-aircraft armament included a total of 142 BSW guns, including 50 model ITK/30, 40 field-lavetic ITK/38 models and 52 fixed-lavet 20 ITK/38 BSWK guns.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[7] In addition, in Ladoga, in the summer of 1944, the Germans lent four pieces of MAL gun rafts to the Finns, three of which included a four-barrel 2 cm Flak 35 im Vierling L/38 cannon.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The guns were not owned by the Finns, but were given anti-aircraft designation 20 ITK/38 BSWK4 and fleet designation 20/65-4M.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[29] 20 Itk/30 guns were deployed in the Winter War and at the beginning of the Continuation War, along with the Itk/38 guns, mostly deployed in heavy anti-aircraft machine gun companies and platoons.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

During the Continuation War, the light anti-aircraft batteries were organised into mixed batteries with 20 mm guns forming the second division 40 mm Bofors forming the 1st Division.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[30] In the Winter War, 20 Itk/30 BSW guns were practically the only modern 20 mm anti-aircraft guns in Finland; there were only a few 20 mm Madsen and 20 mm Semag-Oerlikon guns, and 20 mm Breda guns did not make it to join the war effort.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[27] [31] [32] In the Lapland War, 20 ITK/38 cannons were formed into a low anti-aircraft division towed by Landsverk Anti II anti-aircraft tanks.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[33] After the wars, the 20 mm caliber was estimated to be becoming ineffective and the speed range of the gun calculators of the 20 ITK/BSW guns to be inadequate.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[34] However, for lack of a better, the cannons were a training fixture for decades and the last were not withdrawn from reserve equipment until the 1990s.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

The original sights of the guns were replaced by the pendulum ring sights developed for the 20 ITK 40 VKT guns.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

Various spare parts for cannons were also manufactured in Finland, e.g.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

spare pipes.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[7] [27] The slash was removed from the guns in a 1959 change to 20 iTk 30 BSW and 20 iTk 38 BSW, although the old format was used even later.


Question: When was the 2cm Flak 30 introduced?

2 cm Flak 30

[35] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kiiskinen, Pekka & Wahlman, Pasi| title = Marine guns of the Independent Finnish Navy 1918-2004| location = Helsinki| publisher = Typomic Oy| year = 2003| id = ISBN 952-91-6807-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pitkänen, Mika & Simpanen, Timo| title = 20 mm in Finland - Weapons and ammunition before 1945| publisher = Apali Oy| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-952-5026-59-7}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Vehviläinen, Raimo & Lappi, Ahti & Palokangas, Markku| title = Independent Finnish anti-aircraft guns 1917—2000| location = Helsinki| publisher = War Museo| year = 2005| id = ISBN 952-91-8449-2}} References Category:39.1 Armament, armament, arms trade Category:Rheinmetall Category:Anti-aircraft cannons Category:Military equipment of World War II


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

Kalevan Ball

KalPa () is an ice hockey club from Kuopio that plays in the Liiga.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KALPA's home arena is Niiralan Monttu.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The club's representative and A-junior team operate under KalPa Hockey Ltd., a limited liability company whose largest owners are club bred Sami Kapanen and Kimmo Timonen, and NHL player Scott Hartnell.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Other junior activities are responsible for the Juniori-Kalpa ry, [1] which was chosen as the best sports club in the country at the Finnish Sports Gala in January 2009.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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[2] History Founding and beginning of the Society In 1929, the baller members of the General Society Sortavalan Tuning founded Sortavalan Palloseura (SPS), this is considered to be the date of the foundation of KALPA.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In 1930, Sortavalan Palloilijat (SP) was founded alongside SPS.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The sport selection of clubs included baseball, ice ball, football and ice hockey, among others.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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After the Continuation War, Sortavala was handed over to the Soviet Union and the sports clubs ended up in Evako Kuopio.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In 1945, Sortavalan Palloseura and Sortavalan Palloseura merged to become Sortavalan Palloseura and the following year the current name Kalevan Pallo (KalPa) was introduced.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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[3] Other name suggestions included at least the Red-Blacks, Wolf Losses and Wanderers.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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[4] Ice hockey became established as the official sport of the club.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Football ceased in KalPA in 1974, when the club also split from the Ball Association.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In 1956 Kuopiolainen club KuPS abandoned ice hockey for financial reasons, and in the early 1950s KalPa, which became its sister club, inherited a league place in the Finnish series, equipment, players (among them Juhani Wahlsten, Mauno Repo, Ossi Hyppönen and, after his playing career as a referee, goalkeeper Raimo Sepponen) as well as a small starting capital.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Kuopio Workers' Kiekkoilijat (CCI), playing for Kalpa and their third season, are the only ice hockey clubs in Kuopio [3].


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In 1957, KalPa first rose to the championship series, where it played three seasons within five years: 1957—1958, 1958—1959 and 1961—1962.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In their first season, the team finished third in their own block.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Its number one chain, Ossi Hyppönen — Lauri Helen — Juhani Wahlsten named “Whirlwind Chain”, was one of the most powerful chains in the 1957—1958 and 1958—1959 seasons.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Hyppönen won the championship championship championship in both seasons.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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At the conclusion of the 1958—1959 season, KalPa was relegated from the championship series, as it had a worse goal difference in qualifying than HJK and HPK who had entered the series.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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After two years, the team returned to the main series, but the team scored only one point in 18 games and was relegated from the series.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa played through the 1960s and 1970s in the Provincial and Finnish series.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In 1975, the club rose to Division II after completing their feats at their home ground Niirala the previous autumn.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The ice rink was completed in 1979.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Under the coaching of Reino Ruotsalainen, KalPa rose to Division I in the spring of 1982.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the finals of the first season, KalPa, coached by Matti Keinonen and confirmed as a player by Veli-Pekka Ketola, lost to Joensuu's Jokipoji.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The following season was Esko Nokelainen as head coach, and players were acquired in the following seasons including goalkeeper Jari Paavola, Jouni Rinne, who played for the national team, and Canadian centre-back Wayne Thompson.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the 1985—1986 season, KalPa scored 276 goals in 44 games in Division I, won 37 of its games, and broke the regular season points record after collecting 75 points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Wayne Thompson fell one point short of Henry Saleva's Division I points record after scoring 103 (58+45) points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Jouni Rinne was the deuce on the points exchange.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The team ascended to the SM-liiga.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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1986—99:13 SM-liiga seasons and SM-silver In their first SM-liiga season, 1986—1987, KalPa finished ninth in the ten-team league.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Its crew included three foreign players: Wayne Thompson, Brent Sapergia and Roberto Lavoie.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Sapergia scored 25+13 in 33 games, he broke the single-season ice minute record held in the name of Lalli Partie and gained the reputation of a cult player.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The club ran into trouble due to his wild private life.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Perhaps the most famous incident was that of Sapergia and Jari Rättyä, who went headlined in the kingdom's press, with a man who attacked them.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Sapergia's aggressive style of play was informed by the fact that KalPA came in a lot of submissions from other clubs and at worst they were instructed to give him expulsion.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Thompson was one of the best players in the SM-liiga, scoring 52 (22+30) points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Lavoie scored 26 goals but due to an eye injury played only 33 matches.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Jouni Rinne was KalPA's third best point man with a power of 19+27.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the SM-liiga qualifiers, KalPa retained their league place.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The average number of spectators for home matches for the season was 4903 people per match.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The following season, 1987—1988, played with the previous season's foreign reinforcements holding four new Canadian acquisitions, with Wayne Groulx and Pierre Rioux being a major assist to the team.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Jouni Rinne scored 52 (26+26) points during the season, and of the young players, Jari Pulliainen punched himself through as a scorer.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The team's player acquisitions included Jari Härkälä, who became Aces, and Petteri Lehto, who became the team captain.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Head coach Esko Nokelainen left the club mid-season and was replaced towards the end of the season by Juha Junno.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa finished eighth and avoided league qualification.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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For the 1988—1989 season, KalPa acquired players including Wayne Thompson, who returned from the AHL, Dave Donnelly, who played 137 games in the NHL, and Erik Hämäläinen and Juha Tuohima, who proved to be an effective defensive pair.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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At a cost of 270000 marks, Hämäläinen was the most expensive player acquisition of the year in the SM-liiga.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Hannu Kapanen became assistant coach to Juha Junno.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa finished fifth in the regular season and qualified for the SM-liiga playoffs for the first time.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the quarterfinals, Tappara was better with match-winning 2—0.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KALPA's top point man Jouni Rinne set a club assists record with 42, and Wayne Thompson was the team's top scorer with 26 goals.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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For the 1989—1990 season, KalPa acquired defender Peter Slanina and centre-back Dárius Rusnák from Czechoslovakia.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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They were the first Czechoslovakian players in SM-liiga history.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Rusnák set a KALPA club record with 29 goals scored and finished third in the league goalscoring statistic.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Other newcomers included wide receiver Juha Jokiharju and Hannu Oksanen who previously played for the club in Division II.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa scored 205 goals in 44 games in the regular season, the second most in the entire series, and finished in sixth place.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the playoffs, KalPa defeated Helsinki IFK, who finished third in the regular season, and qualified for the semi-finals against TPS.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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TPS won the semi-finals with match-winning 3—0, and in the bronze match KalPa lost to Tappara by goals 5—3.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Juha Tuohimaa, who won with 45 points (17 goals + 28 assists) of the SM-liiga defencemen, was selected for the league's second constellation field.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the 1990—91 season, KalPa finished second in the regular season.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Injuries to players received playing time including their own A juniors Sami Kapanen and Marko Tuomainen.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Dárius Rusnák set a club single-season points-record with 60 points (22 goals + 38 assists) and finished fifth in the points exchange.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the semi-finals, KalPa defeated JyP HT with match-winning 3—0, securing the first SM-medal in their club history.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the final matches, KALPA's opponent was the regular season winning TPS, winning the first match with goals 5—1.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The next two matches TPS won by goals 4—3.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa won the fourth match played in Kuopio with goals 6—2, but TPS took the title after winning the fifth match in Turku with goals 7—2.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Jari Pulliainen was the third most effective player in the playoffs (6+4) and won the playoff goal kingship together with Jari Hirsimäki of TPS.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Juha Jokiharju assembled the power bindings 4+5.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Defender Peter Slanina was selected for the second constellation field of the series, KalPA's team won the SM-liiga Fair play award and head coach Juha Junno won the Lynces Academic Award for Best Coach.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the following season, 1991—92, KALPA was strengthened by Pekka Tirkkonen from TPS and Jarmo Kekäläinen, who remained in the NHL, who was touted as KalPA's most expensive Finnish player acquisition ever.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The team finished seventh in the regular season and two points clear of the last team to make it to the playoffs.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Juha Jokiharju played his last season at KalPA, scoring 48 (18 goals + 30 assists) points in 44 games.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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He was awarded with the SM-liiga's SISU player award.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Erik Hämäläinen, who played his last season in Kalpa, also served as captain.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Juha Tuohimaa was the most effective defender in the series once in his career with 35 (16+19) points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Kimmo Timonen debuted at the main league level and Sami Kapanen scored 25 (15+10) points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Pasi Kuivalainen, the second goalkeeper from the previous season, emerged as the number one goalkeeper.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Kuopion Kiekkokilpi, an ice hockey team operating since 1959 and playing under KALPA, ceased operations.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the 1992—93 season, KalPA's top point man was new acquisition Marko Jantunen (21 goals + 27 assists).


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Other acquisitions included defender Vesa Salo and Arto Sirviö, the future captain of the team from Sweden.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Former captain Jari Härkälä was selected as assistant coach.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The team finished 10th in the 12-team series, and the financial situation was poor too.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In May 1993, KalPa declared bankruptcy but was also exceptionally allowed to continue in the SM-liiga.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Head coach Juha Junno was elected as the club's new CEO.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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For the 1993—94 season, Hannu Kapanen became the head coach, whose son Sami Kapanen was the third best point man in the league with power 23+32 and secured a place in the constellation field of the league.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In addition to Kapapase, centre forward Pekka Tirkkonen, wide receiver Janne Kekäläinen and defenders Vesa Salo and Kimmo Timonen played in KalPA's most effective fielders.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Of the four Russian reinforcements, only Dmitry Zinin established his place in the actual lineup.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In addition to Kapase, goalkeeper Pasi Kuivalainen was a member of the 1994 Olympic bronze medal and World Championship silver medal squads.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The first fiscal year of KALPA's new government was hundreds of thousands of marks on the defeat side.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The team finished 10th in the SM-liiga regular season.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The 1994—95 season saw the departure under the guidance of a foreign coach, Russian Anatoly Bogdanov.


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As the club's new main backer, Post was replaced by Atria, and the colouring of the jerseys changed from yellow-black to white-green red.


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Jari Pulliainen returned to the company.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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A 100-day lockout began in the NHL, but due to expensive insurance premiums, KalPa did not acquire any NHL reinforcements, as the only league team besides Pori's Aces.


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New acquisitions included Petri Matikainen, Kai Rautio and Jarno Kultanen, who came from lower leagues, as well as World Championship gold medalist Konstantin Astrahantsev and Czech Petr Kořínek.


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KalPa finished eighth in the regular season to qualify as the last team to qualify for the playoffs but lost in the quarterfinals to the Jokers outright in three games.


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Financially, the season was 250000 marks victorious and the viewership average at home matches rose by more than five hundred compared to the previous season.


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KALPA top point man Petr Kořínek was the 8th most effective player of the regular season with his 48 (14 goals + 34 assists) points and also the most effective player on the team in the playoffs.


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Of the young players, Tommi Miettinen and Jussi Tarvainen made the breakthrough.


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Jari Pulliainen was second in the club's history in goal exchange with his 81 SM-liiga goals.


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KALPA women's team achieved SM-bronze.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the Spring Men's World Cup played in Sweden, Finland's national team won its first world title, and two former Kalpa players Erik Hämäläinen and Sami Kapanen played in the team.


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In the 1995—96 season, Reijo Ruotsalainen, a former NHL player who played 14 regular season games in Kalpa, attracted attention.


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During the season, KalPa took the biggest away win in club history when on 12 October defeating HiFK in Helsinki with goals of 1—10.


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From the A youngsters, striker Olli Jokinen was elevated to the squad.


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In January, coach Anatoly Bogdanov was sacked and replaced by Pekka Hämäläinen.


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The team finished last last in the series, with young pledges Jokinen moving on to HIFK.


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KALPA's C-youngsters won the Finnish championship in their age category, which was the club's first SM-gold considering all age categories.


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Samuli Suhonen, Mikko Jokela and Jukka Voutilainen, among others, played in the team.


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The A-youth achieved SM-silver and the women's team again achieved SM-bronze.


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In the next three seasons (1996—97, 1997—98 and 1998—99), KalPa was the worst team in the SM-liiga: It finished last in the regular season, scoring an average of less than two goals per match in the latter two seasons.


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Among others, former players of the club Jari Härkälä and Jouni Rinne served as head coach.


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On the financial side, the club suffered losses of millions of marks.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The team logo was changed from a red shield image to a wolf.


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In October 1996, CEO Juha Junno moved to Oulu Kärppi and was replaced by Risto Kerminen.


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Head coach Pekka Hämäläinen was fired and Jari Härkälä was hired in his place.


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In the league qualifiers, KalPa faced Järvenpää Haukat and Oulun Kärpät, retaining their league place.


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After the season, goalkeeper Pasi Kuivalainen, top point man Jussi Tarvainen and another power striker Marko Ojanen left the club.


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Of the foreigner reinforcements, Aleksandr Cherbayev amassed 113 ice minutes, and defender Dmitry Filimonov received a DUI charge and left the club.


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On December 7, KalPa froze Jouni Rinne's game number 27.


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The club's B juniors achieved SM-silver.


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In the 1997—98 season, KalPa again played in yellow-black colours but without a main supporter.


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During the season, the team played 13 consecutive losing matches.


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Top pointman Aleksander Kuzminski collected only 27 (11+16) points.


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In qualifying, the team faced Pelicans and Kärpät while still retaining their place in the league.


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For the 1998—99 season, Pekka Tirkonen returned to the team and was elected captain.


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He was the club's top pointman with 29 (9+20) points.


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In the qualifying series, KalPa lost to the Pelicans and were relegated from the league.


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Kari Paldanius, who replaced Antti Eskelinen, became the new CEO of the club.


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2000s: Building on SM-bronze After dropping out of the series, KalPa invested in the team and recruited Jukka Jalosen as new coach.


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The hard slots for the upcoming I-Division season were too much for the club's finances and the result was the second bankruptcy in the club's history.


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Consequently, KalPa was relegated lower than the series to the Suomi series.


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Former women's team coach Esa Torvinen was chosen as the new coach.


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The club was taken over by a private company.


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The team's wolf logo changed to the shield logo.


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In the first year more was introduced to the A youth team, which was wanted to remain their age category in the SM-sarja.


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The following year, former Kalpa player Jukka Oksanen and Jukka Korkiakoski, who served as assistant coach to Anatoly Bogdanov, became coaches.


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In the spring of 2001, the club won the Suomi-sarja championship and ascended to Mestis.


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In his first season with Mestis, the team achieved bronze.


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In the following 2002—03 season, the team finished fourth in the regular season but lost in the quarterfinals of the playoffs to Vaasan Sport.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KALPA's new owners became their own breeders Kimmo Timonen, Sami Kapanen and Pasi Kuivalainen, of whom Kuivalainen also joined the club as a player.


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Kapanen bought 50.5 per cent of the shares.


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Former Oulu Kärppien junior coach Mika Pieniniemi became coach.


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New players for the 2003—04 season were also Ville Hämäläinen, who won the Finnish championship in SAIPA A juniors, and Kenig brothers Kasper and Max.


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In the regular season, KalPa finished second.


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The top scoreman was Ville Hämäläinen with 46 (21+25) points and Samuli Suhonen was the best defender for Mestis with 42 (11+31) points.


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In the playoffs KalPa defeated Kirkkonummen Salamat and Hermes of Kokkola and in the finals Jukurit won 3—2 after finishing the last match in overtime.


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The fourth finals game was followed by a Mestis record audience of 4728 people.


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KalPA's Sami Salonen was the most effective player in the playoffs with 20 (13+7) points.


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The 2004—05 NHL season was canceled due to a lockout.


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KalPa acquired Sami Kapapase and Kimmo Timonen as reinforcements from the NHL, as well as the latter's socialite Adam Hall, with whom it won the Mestis championship.


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KalPA's Tomi Mustonen won the Mestis points exchange with 61 (23+38) points and was the player who scored the most goals with Hall.


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KalPa won 36 of the 44 matches they played.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the playoffs, KalPa did not lose a match and did not concede a goal in the finals against Vaasan Sport.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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After the season, Pasi Kuivalainen ended his playing career and took over as marketing manager of KALPA.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa was elevated back to the SM-liiga after meeting the criteria required for a serial rise and the league's desire to increase its number of teams to even numbers (from 13 to 14).


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In the 2005—06 season, KalPa remained in last place in the SM-liiga.


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It won six out of 56 games in actual playing time as well as five in overtime or winning goal competition.


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The league qualifier was not played at the time, so KalPa retained their league place.


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The team's best point man was Czech Tomáš Kůrka with 34 (23+11) points.


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Defender Kyle Rossiter set a club single-season ice record of 187 minutes.


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KalPa froze goalkeeper Pasi Kuivalainen's game number 1 in January 2006.


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In March 2006, Kari Myllys, who served as announcer for 30 years at KALPA's home games, died from a bout of illness.


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His replacement was Tapani Miettinen.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the 2006—07 season, coach Mika Pieniniemi was fired and replaced by Pekka Virta, who coached the A-youth team.


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Martin Sonnenberg, the first foreign captain in the history of the SM-liiga, served as captain.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa played in the season-ending league qualifiers against Mikkelin Jukuri and retained their league place after winning the required four matches.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Managing director Arto Sirviö left the club after the season and was replaced by Jukka Pennanen, who worked for 12 years at Nokia.


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With the organizational reforms, Janne Kekäläinen was elected Sports Operator.


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The 2007—08 season, the first full season under the coaching of Pekka Virta, finished the regular season in 13th place.


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Tuomas Kiiskinen was the team's top scorer with a power score of 12+26.


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Powerful striker Jani Tuppurainen left the rest of the season for Färjestad, who play in the Swedish Elitserien.


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KALPA's A-youngsters won their first Finnish title.


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The decisive fifth match took place in the sold-out Niirala pit, with 5004 spectators, which was the all-time spectator record for junior series in Finland.


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KALPA's A-youths defeated the Aces by goals 4—1 in the deciding match.


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The team's credit players included Teemu Hartikainen, Mika Järvinen, Tommi Jokinen, Aatu Hämäläinen, Mikko Kukkonen, Joonas Riekkinen and Iiro Pakarinen.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Previously KalPa had promoted to SM-silver in A-youth in 1996, when they lost the final to the Jokers and KalPA's most important player was Olli Jokinen.


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Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Prior to that, A-youngsters won bronze in 1959 and KUPS' A-youths won the Finnish championship in 1955, when Juhani Wahlsten and Ossi Hyppönen were the main players in the team.


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Sami Kapanen returned from the NHL to SM-liiga and KALPA for the 2008—09 season.


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He was elected captain of the team and at the same time served as chairman of the club's board.


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Sam's younger brother, Kimmo Kapanen, had finished his career and went on to become the team's goalkeeping coach.


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The brothers' father, Hannu Kapanen, also served in the club leadership.


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Player acquisitions included Kalle Sahlstedt and returner, Kimmo Timonen's younger brother Jussi.


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World Champion Mika Strömberg, who joined the team in the previous season, signed a follow-up contract.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Kari Penttilä, who has replaced Jukka Pennanen as CEO since 1986, worked without pay.


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He had been involved in clearing the traces of KALPA's two bankruptcies and settled some debts with money from his own company.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the 2008—09 regular season, KalPa finished sixth and qualified for the league playoffs for the first time in fourteen years.


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The team was the youngest in the league in average age.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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More experienced new players were Toni Mäkiaho, one of the top names in the SM-liiga's all-time stats.


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In the quarterfinals, KalPa relegated HPK. In the semi-finals, future Finnish champion JYP was better with match wins 4—1.


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In the bronze match, KalPa defeated the away Espoo Blues with goals 2—1, achieving the second medal in their history.


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The winning goal was scored by Mäkiaho.


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At the conclusion of the season, Teemu Hartikainen was awarded Rookie of the Year.


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Sami Kapanen was selected as the Gentleman's Player of the Year and the SM-liiga constellation field.


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He was also the team's most effective player after amassing 44 (20+24) power points in the regular season.


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2010s: First regular season win, jumbo and second silver medal In the 2009—10 season, KalPa finished second in the regular season and collected over 100 points (109) for the first time in a season.


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The winning percentage was the best in club history (67.2%).


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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To celebrate the club's 80-year history, the red shield logo on the jersey changed to the original black shield logo.


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Defender Adam Masuhr broke the SM-liiga record for superior goals by defencemen (15).


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In the playoffs, KalPa defeated Tappara in the quarterfinals but lost in the semi-finals to HPK, winning 4—2.


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In the bronze game, KalPa lost to JYP by goals 4—0.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KALPA captain Sami Kapanen was elected to the constellation field of the SM-liiga, and at the end of the season he ended his playing career and took up the duties of CEO.


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Tommi Miettinen was chosen as the new captain.


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Their careers were also ended by Mika Strömberg and Kalle Sahlstedt.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Of the players, Teemu Hartikainen left the following season to join NHL club Edmonton Oilers.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the 2010—11 season, KalPa finished fifth in the SM-liiga regular season with 98 points.


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The team's top point man Sakari Salminen finished tenth in the series points exchange with 45 (12+33) points.


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The top scorer was Kalle Kerman (17 goals), who missed more than 20 matches due to injury.


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Ari Ahonen, who played his second season with the club, was the second-most match-winning goalkeeper in the SM-liiga.


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KalPa played off a record streak of ten consecutive overtime wins that began the previous season.


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In the playoffs, KalPa lost to Luko with match-winning 4—3.


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A total of 237 minutes were allocated in the fifth game, a total of 237 minutes, which is an SM-liiga playoff ice record.


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In the summer of 2011, Tuomas Tuokkola, who coached the A youth team, became the head coach of KALPA.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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New player acquisitions included Matti Kuparinen, former captain of Ässie, Jasse Ikonen, Jyp's younger brother Juha Toivonen and Jukka Hentunen.


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Also, CEO Sami Kapanen returned to KalPA's playmaking and team captain.


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Kimmo Kapanen switched his sports director seat to that of CEO.


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Prior to the start of the league season, the team played in the International European Trophy.


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Of the eight games, it won three in actual game time, lost two in actual playing time, and lost three in the winning goal competition.


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Thus it did not survive into the rest of the tournament.


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The audience capacity of the team's home hall was reduced by 220 for fire safety reasons.


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In the second match of the 2011—12 season against Tappara, Tuomas Kiiskinen passed Jouni Rinne in KalPA's pass statistics and rose to number one.


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Later in the same season, he passed Rinne in the all-time points exchange.


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Sami Kapanen again overtook Rinne in the all-time goalscoring statistic.


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Kiiskinen, Matti Kuparinen and Sakari Salminen formed the team's most powerful chain.


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In the ground match break, the number one goalkeeper Ari Ahonen transferred to Metallurg Magnitogorsk, playing in the KHL league, for which KalPa received about €500000 in compensation.


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He was replaced by NHL team New York Islanders' lineup Mikko Koskinen.


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KalPa won the SM-liiga regular season for the first time in its history.


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The club's new points-record was 115 points.


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Tuomas Kiiskinen and Sakari Salminen collected 47 power points.


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In the quarterfinals, KalPa faced the Espoo Blues and already led the series with match-winning 3—0, but the Blues won the next four games and emerged as the first team in league history from a 0—3 loss position to a 4—3 win.


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Among the KalPA players Tuomas Kiiskinen played in the World Cup.


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Head coach Tuomas Tuokkola was fired and was replaced by Jari Laukkanen from the position of assistant coach.


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In the 2012—13 season, the name of KALPA's home arena was changed to Trust Kapital Arena for marketing reasons.


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However, the old familiar name “Niiralan Monttu” survived as the hall's middle name.


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Audience capacity was increased to 60 seats.


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KalPa acquired Tommi Jokinen, Jaakko Rissanen, Iiro Pakarinen and Tuomas Kiiskinen, who moved to KHL club Donbass Donetsk, among others Artturi Lehkonen, Janne Kolehmainen, Pauli Levokar, Antti Kerälä, Antti Halonen and the club's own breeder Jukka Voutilainen.


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Matti Kuparinen left the club in the middle of the season and transferred to KHL club Avangard Omsk.


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Due to the NHL lockout, KalPa had Craig Smith from the Nashville Predators in October, who tracked the record for the sides, scored four (2+2) power points in a 6—2 win game against Tappara.


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After Smith left, he was replaced by Derek Stepan, who played for the New York Rangers, who left the team in December.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Newcomer Artturi Lehkonen was tackled by Jarkko Ruuuu of the Jokereet on three weeks' sick leave and a child protection notice was made about the incident and a debate about the limits of the physicality of the game.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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During the season, Sam's son Kasperi Kapanen made his debut in the SM-liiga and formed the first father-son chain duo in league history with his father.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa finished fifth in the regular season with 97 points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The team's best point man was Sakari Salminen with 55 (26+29) points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the quarterfinals, KalPa lost to Pori Ässi by winning 4—1.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Sakari Salminen was honoured with the Golden Helmet award for his performance and was selected for Finland's World Cup squad.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPA's season was financially loss-making, leading to the closure of the Sport Cafe Pelimies store, which sold supporter merchandise and match tickets, among other things.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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After the season, Tommi Miettinen ended his career and took over as an assistant coach for the club.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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After three seasons he played in Kalpa, Sakari Salminen transferred to KHL team Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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At the awards ceremony held in the summer, Artturi Lehkonen was selected as rookie of the year and Salminen was selected for the SM-liiga constellation field.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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He was also selected as the best player of the season with the Golden Helmet award.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Kimmo Kapanen took over from the CEO seat back to sports operations, and Toni Saksman became CEO.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the 2013—14 regular season, KalPa was last in the series collecting 51 points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Due to injuries, there were a lot of loan players playing in the team.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Artturi Lehkonen, Saku Kinnunen and Kalpa-bred Henri Ikonen, who played for the Kingston Frontenacs team, were part of the team that won the World Under-20 Championship, from which Kasperi Kapanen missed out due to injury sustained in training.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KALPA's audience numbers fell and remained less than 3000 in many matches.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Two new SM-liiga records were recorded for the team: played 14 games during the season in which it did not score a goal and the lowest goalscoring average ever (1.68).


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The club held the previous record, which was from the 1998-99 season, when it was relegated from the SM-liiga.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The ineffectiveness of the team was also informed by the fact that the club's best point man was Artturi Lehkonen with 20 (7+13) points.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the spring, the club sought to patch up its financial losses by selling several of its players.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In February, the club sacked head coach Jari Laukkanen, who was replaced by Anssi Laine, head coach of the club's A juniors.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The final match of the regular season against Tappara experienced a historic moment as it was at the same time the last game of Sami Kapapase's career.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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He had mentioned before the season that the season was the last of his playing career.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The junior side experienced success as B juniors won bronze medals at the end of their season after defeating Tampereen Ilves 4—3 in overtime.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The winning goal was scored by Kasperi Kapanen.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The medal was the first since the 2008 A juniors championship.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Captain Jukka Voutilainen, who went to Tappara on a loan deal, won SM-silver in the team and came back to KALPA.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In March, the team announced the new head coach Pekka Virta and acquired Mikko Jokela, Eero Kilkauinen, Jaakko Rissasen and Toni Hyvärinen from the player market.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Other player acquisitions in the spring included Sami Mutanen from Ässi with Virta, Janne Keränen, who won bronze in Lukko, and Mestis star player Mikael Ruohomaa.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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When KALPA was raised by Iiro Pakarinen transferred to 2014 NHL club Edmonton Oilers, it received €52000 in compensation.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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During the transfer period Pakarinen was in the ranks of Helsinki IFK, which received 70% of the transfer amount of US$240000.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The compensation distribution is because clubs in the last three years of a European player receive sections in a 40-30 to 30 split.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the annual NHL reserve, Kasperi Kapase became the highest-booked player to play in KalPA when he was booked by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the first round and 22nd inning.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Also playing his first season, defenseman Joonas Lyytinen received an NHL draft when he was booked by the Nashville Predators.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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In the 2014—15 regular season, KalPa surprised by playing well enough to finish second in the series after the first ten games played.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Eero Kilpeläinen, new acquisitions Michal Birner and Tomas Kubalik from the discontinued KHL club Lev Prague, and Jukka Voutilainen, who came back from Tappara, were responsible for the team's success.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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At the same time, it was highlighted how back Pekka Virta made the team work by making it play a puck game last seen during his earlier Kalpa-wash.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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This was the one contributing factor for which the team once became known.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The team received the hoped-for reinforcement in October when the club's own raised, top promise Kasperi Kapanen was unable to fit into the lineup of NHL club Pittsburgh Penguins and returned for the rest of the season to play for the Breeders Society: the club had suggested that a season at Kalpa would better prepare him for the challenges of the NHL.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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There was a condition in the Treaty of Tomas Kubalik that allowed the agreement to be dissolved when Kapase came.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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This was not what the club used, but kept the man after he showed himself to be a good reinforcement.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Eero Kilpeläinen, acquired as the goalkeeper in charge, was injured in the middle of the season, losing over 20 games.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The club acquired second goalkeeper, alongside Samu Butterfly, after Andy Chiodo's transfer limit expired.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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He became the first foreign goalkeeper in club history.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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Club legend Sami Kapanen gained prominent recognition in November when on 7 November 2014 he was notified as Ice Hockey Lion in the player category, together with Ville Peltonen, Janne Niinimaa, Anne Haanpää and Sari Marjamäen.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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KalPa finished sixth in the regular season and faced Luko in the quarterfinals.


Question: Which SM-liiga hockey team has Martin St. Pierre played for?

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The lock led the series 2—0, but KalPa came even.