Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

For example, Cheirolepidiaceae is a family of plants that lived in the Mesozoic World Period and is considered quite unanimously among scientists to belong to conifers, as the plants in the family resemble a great deal in external characteristics and structure, especially araucaria plants and cypress plants of tribal conifers.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

However, representatives of the family Cheirolepidiaceae distinguish themselves as their own group from these existing coniferous tribes already existing in the Mesozoic period due to their unique complex pollen structure as well as their exceptionally thick cuticula.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

[6] Voltziales are a large group of bare-seeded plants of the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic period, traditionally classified as a separate order from contemporary conifers, but representing the stem forms of existing conifers in the opinion of several scientists.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

Plants classified in the Voltziales group resemble contemporary conifers in many ways, but differ markedly in favor of the structure of the multiplier of the mother tree.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

Many researchers believe the simpler pineal scales of existing conifers evolved from the multiple-coloured structures of these cones.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

[3] [6] [32] Cordaitales are another set of mainly bare-seeded plants of the Paleozoic period, which are also considered by some scientists to be stem forms of coniferous trees, while other researchers consider them to represent a distinct line of development from coniferous trees.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

The plants of the Cordaitales group resemble contemporary conifers structurally, but differ markedly in favor of the structure of both their staminate and mother cones.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

[33] [34] Distribution Conifers occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

Conifers are particularly dominant in the cool-temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, which is often referred to as the Northern Coniferous Forest Zone.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

However, only a small proportion of coniferous species grow in the cool-temperate climate region, as species abundance is highest in the highlands of subtropical and tropical zones.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

[29] Four species grow wild in Finland: pine pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies), juniper (Juniperus communis) and European yew (Taxus baccata), and among others Siberian larch (Larix sibirica), European larch (Larix decidua), sembra pine (Pinus harpsichord), Thuja occidentalis, Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica).


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Farjon, Aljos| title = A Handbook of the World's Conifers: Revised and Updated Edition| location = Leiden| publisher = Brill| year= 2017| id = ISBN 9789004324510| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for in File namespace.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 15—44}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sharp, Eija and Heather, Eira| title = Plant anatomy | location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2008| isbn = 978-951-37-5296-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Taylor, Thomas N.; Krings, Michael and Taylor, Edith L.| title= Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants| publisher = Academic Press| year = 2009| isbn=978-0-12-373972-8| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How many plant tribes are there?

Conifers

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 788—871}} References * Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, DBE (o.s. Miller,) was an English novelist, best known for her detectives written under Agatha Christie.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

His production includes such classics of detective literature as And None Saved, The Riddle of the Express of the East, and Death on the Nile.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Of the detective characters created by Christie, the most famous are Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Dubbed the “Queen of Crimes,” Christie is the best-selling author of all time after William Shakespeare.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

His books have sold about two billion copies and have been translated.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[1] Only the Bible, the production of Jules Verne and the Harry Potter books have been translated into more languages than his books.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie's play The Mousetrap has been performed in London's West End since 1952; it is the longest-running continuously performed play in the world and has had millions of viewers.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[2] Life Childhood and Adolescence Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born as the third child of Englishman Clara (o.s. Boehmer) and American Frederick Miller [3].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Unlike her siblings she received no formal education at all; instead, the mother took care of teaching her daughter.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie's childhood was well protected in Ashfield, owned by the Millers.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[4] The Millers' financial difficulties began in 1896, when Frederick Miller's New York real estate investments began to suffer both due to the dishonesty of the trustees and the elevated maintenance costs.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The family moved to France for a year to live in hotels, which at the time was cheaper than maintaining a large English country house.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Money worries, however, worsened Christie's father's health and he died of a heart attack in 1901.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[5] The impoverished Millers remained to live in Ashfield, though the time for great service and dinner parties was over.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

After Christie's sister Madge married in 1902, mother and daughter lived alone in Ashfield.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Also dating back to 1901 are Christie's earliest literary output: a poem written in a notebook and a tramway carriage-themed poem published in an Ealingian newspaper.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[6] With the death of his father, Christie's reclusive childhood also came to an end and his social contacts increased.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

She attended dance classes outside the home and two days a week at school.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[7] The years 1905—1907 Christie spent in Paris, where he studied piano playing and singing.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie was pursuing a career as an opera singer at the time, but Christie's voice was not suited to opera and he was forced to give it up.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[8] After burying a singing career, Christie increasingly focused on writing [9].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The first marriage Christie's entry into the high society took place in 1908 in Cairo, where mother and daughter spent the winter due to money difficulties and the mother's poor health.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The Cairo stay also gave the subject matter to the first, as-yet-unpublished novel Snow Upon the Desert, written by Christie.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[10] With the advent of socialite, Christie also began to receive marriage offers.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie actually had time to accept one proposal already before meeting Archibald Christie in 1912.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

However, as Archibald Christie had little wealth and Christie's mother opposed the marriage, it took two years before 24-year-old Agatha Miller married Archibald “Archie” Christie, a Royal Air Force officer, on Christmas Eve 1914.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[11] After World War I broke out in 1914, Agatha Christie took up work as a nurse.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

For Christie, who lived a sheltered life, the early days at the hospital were a shocking experience — both in the operating room and in the washing up of male bed patients.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[12] Christie moved to work at the hospital as a pharmacy in 1916, as there the working hours were shorter and the pay better.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

From the pharmacist, Christie also learned a lot about poisons, which would come to play a significant part in many of his novels.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Professionally, however, his knowledge was only medium: in a test conducted in 1917, he scored only 50 out of 100.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[13] Christie's normal married life did not begin until the autumn of 1918, when Archie Christie received a transfer to London [14].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Their daughter and Christie's only child Rosalind was born in 1919.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie focused on being a wife and mother and did not think seriously about a career as a writer, although a publisher had finally been found for Styles' case.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[15] The Christies of 1922 spent touring the British colonies, as Archie had landed a job on a promotional tour for the 1924 British Empire Exhibition.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The trip took Christies around the world: first to Africa and then to Asia, Australia and finally North America.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

At a later age, Christie often told me he was tortuously shy.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

On this tour, there was nothing noticeable about it: she was the perfect Representative Lady, even giving speeches.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[16] The return to everyday life after a world trip was bleak: Archie had lost his London job and his health had suffered during the trip.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The Rosalind daughter, left home for the duration of the trip, did not recognise her parents and the family was having money difficulties.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

However, the situation gradually improved as Christie's writing began to produce and Archie found work.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[16] By 1926, both Christie's were earning so well that they were able to buy their first house of their own, named after Styles Christie's first novel [17].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The disappearance The year 1926 was in many ways significant in Christie's life.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Early in the year, the Christies had bought a house of their own.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The death of Christie's mother in April was a hard blow, as they had been very close.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Roger Ackroyd's murder surfaced in May.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

However, the hardest blow came in August when Archie Christie asked for a divorce, as he wanted to marry Nancy Neele, with whom he had fallen in love.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[18] There are no reliable records of Archie Christie's relationship with Nancy Neele prior to August 1926 [18].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Laura Thompson, who wrote Christie's biographer, speculates the relationship began sometime in 1925, but that it had only developed serious sometime in 1926 — possibly after the death of Christie's mother.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

As a justification Thompson uses Christie's house purchase: The Christies had been looking for a house for more than a year and if Archie had been planning a divorce already at this point, he would easily have been able to move the purchase of the house.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Sources close to Thompson said it was not a sexual relationship because “such a thing was not customary to do at the time.”


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[19] Agatha Christie disappeared from her home on 3 December 1926 and was found on 14 December in a Harrogate hotel where she had been staying all along under the name Teresa Neele [20].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Thompson said it had been a last-ditch attempt by a desperate woman to win back her husband.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie had left three letters (to Archie, his brother-in-law and his handmaid) telling him he was in a hotel in Yorkshire.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

However, the police who led the investigation did not believe the letters, who were convinced that Christie had died — and possibly even murdered by her husband.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Newspapers—and especially the yellow press—seized on this interpretation and the case began to flush the press.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The private marital problem formed into the number one news in the kingdom.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[21] The search culminated in a search on 12 December for Christie's body, involving between 2000 and 15000 people, according to various newspaper estimates [22].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie was found on a tip on 14 December in Harrogate.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Mr Christie had already been identified by hotel staff and guests as well as local residents several days earlier, but no one reported it to police.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[23] According to the explanation given by the family, Christie had suffered from amnesia and had no memory of the events.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

This was initially swallowed by the press, but very soon public opinion began to turn against Christie, as the official explanation was riddled with gaps and contradictions, and Christie was accused of being a promotional stunt.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[24] The year 1926 left Christie's deep marks.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Thereafter, he protected his private life with an almost manic frenzy.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[25] Only the novelists got into the public eye: Agatha Christie, who composed artful detective novels, and Mary Westmacott, who explores the mysteries of love [26].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The Christies obtained a divorce in 1928, after which Archie Christie married Nancy Neele.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The interval between Agatha and Archie was complete: after 1927 they never met again, daughter Rosalind never met her new stepmother and half-brother she did not meet until her father's funeral in 1962 and Rosalind's son never had time to see her grandfather.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[27] The second marriage of Agatha Christie traveled to the Middle East for the first time in 1928.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

There he took part in Leonard Woolley's excavations at Ur.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[28] Christie returned to the excavations at Uri in February 1930, when she first met her future husband Max Mallowan (1904—1978).


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Mallowan was younger than Christie, though by marriage certificate the age gap had shrunk to six years.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie and Mallowan were ordained in September 1930.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The marriage lasted until Christie's death.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[29] Before World War II, Christie regularly visited her husband during the winter on excavations in Iraq and Syria.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

For Christie, these visits probably have also been a way of escaping the pressures of domestic publicity — with archaeological digs, she was not Agatha Christie but a mere Mrs. Mallowan.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[30] In the 1930s Christie's bought two new houses: Winterbrook House in Wallingford and Greenway House in Devon, which remained the Christie family home until 2000 [31].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

During the Second World War, Christie lived in London, as Greenway had been put into naval use.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Mallowan's excavations in the Middle East were naturally interrupted and in 1943 he left for army service in North Africa.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie and Mallowan did not meet the next time until 1945.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[32] After World War I, Mallowan began excavations at Nimrud, Iraq in 1949 and they continued until the 1958 Revolution.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie followed her husband at the beginning of each year for excavations.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Most of the production in the 1950s Christie wrote with excavations at Nimrud and Baghdad.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie also took part in the excavation work himself.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

He photographed objects and catalogued them and additionally restored ivory and wood objects.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

As even before the war, Middle East trips were Christie's means to break free of domestic pressures.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[33] Beginning in the 1950s, Christie's fame had begun to grow to unprecedented proportions.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

At the same time, however, Christie was increasingly and more protective of his private life.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

He rarely appeared in public and gave even fewer interviews.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[34] In the last years of the early 1960s, Agatha Christie's health began to deteriorate.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

By 1967, the 77-year-old Christie's travels around the world were at their end.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

After World War II, in addition to the Middle East, he had travelled diligently, including to the United States, where his father was from.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The last trip to the Middle East was a visit to Iran in 1967.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[35] In the words of Laura Thompson, Agatha Christie became an “elderly man” in 1971, when she was 81 years old.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In the same year, Queen Elisabeth II honored Christie as Dame at Buckingham Palace [36].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie wrote one more play (Fiddler's Five) and two novels.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In 1972, he was hospitalized for a broken hip and his health was poor anyway.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In 1974, Christie was present at the premiere of the Riddle of the East Express, where he arrived in a wheelchair but greeted the Queen while standing.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Towards the end of the same year, Christie made his final public appearance at the Mousetrap's annual celebration.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie was already very ill, he had suffered a heart attack in October and injured after falling over his head severely in November 1974.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Agatha Christie died at her home on 12 January 1976.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[37] Career A desk box writer Christie's earliest known literary output dates from 1901: a poem dated April, written in a notebook, and a tramway carriage themed poem published in an Ealingian newspaper later that year.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Although Christie did have other poems published, her sister had even greater success at this point, as her short stories were published in Vanity Fair.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[6] Agatha and Madge were not the only authors in the family: Clara's mother and Monty brother wrote in a desk drawer and a few Frederick Dad stories were published [38].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Madge's greatest literary achievement remained The Claimant [39], presented in London in 1924.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie wrote his first published short story, “The House of Beauty”, around 1908, though it was not published until 1926 [40].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

With his first, as yet unpublished novel, Snow Upon the Desert (Snow in the Wilderness), Christie wrote around 1909.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The impetus for the novel was given by the just-concluded winter season in Cairo.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

According to Christie's biographer Laura Thompson, the novel is structurally hopelessly confusing because it folks forcibly try to squeeze together two basically incompatible ideas.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In Thompson's view, however, what is already apparent in the novel is the smooth dialogue and precise human knowledge that characterised Christie.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Additionally, the novel features a woman thirsting for male worship — a theme that recurs in Christie's production several times, for example in Arlene Marshall's Shadow Under the Sun novel.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[41] First Novels Christie's first published novel The Styles case (1920) was heavily based on Christie's experiences in a hospital pharmacy, as the idea for the novel sprouted precisely from the specific properties of the substances used in the murder.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Styles's case also already demonstrated Christie's talents in confusing the reader.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The novel also first appears in the novel by Belgian detective Hercule Poirot.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[42] Christie had written the Styles case as early as 1916, [43] but a publisher was not found until 1919, when Christie entered into an agreement with Bodley Head for the Styles case and five other books [44].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie, at this point, was not yet seriously considering a career as a writer.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie, her second novel The Secret Opponent, wrote at the suggestion of her husband to ease the family's financial difficulties.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie, however, still continued to write novels and short stories in his spare time.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[45] As a profession writer, Christie has later written that the beginning of his career would have been the appearance of the Styles case in 1920.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In fact, however, at this stage he did not think of such a thing.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

She was primarily a wife and mother who wrote for amusement at leisure.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[46] Christie didn't really realise the monetary value of his own writing really until 1924, when the Evening News offered a staggering £500 for the follow-up novel rights to The Man in the Brown Suit.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Money also changed Christie's attitude to his writing.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

With money, writing had become a profession and after this Christie was a hard negotiator who knew exactly the value of his own work and wrote almost nothing without proper compensation.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

An internal BBC memo from 1948 berates Christie's attitude as “throughly commercial” as, as a state corporation, the BBC had expected to receive a discount.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[47] Christie acquired a young Edmund Cork as his agent in 1924, who managed Christie's business for the remainder of his life.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

With Cork's help, Christie got out of an unfavourable deal with Bodley Head and struck a better deal for three books with Collins.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Collaborations with Collins continued as well throughout Christie's career.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[47] Fame Agatha Christie's first novel for Collins was the murder of Roger Ackroyd, which appeared in 1926.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Due to its original and unprecedented payoff, the book received plenty of attention, but was also criticised for defrauding readers and breaking the “fair play” rules of detective literature, when in fact it only fools the reader but doesn't fool.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[48] The disappearance put Christie on the public eye.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Although Roger Ackroyd's murder had been very successful, at the time of his disappearance Christie's occupation, the papers only included “writeress” or “author of detective novels”.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[49] The year of his disappearance 1926 was also a watershed in Christie's literary career.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Writing became an escape route for the traumatic events of 1926.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Elsewhere was “Agatha Christie,” which produced carefully composed detective novels at an astonishing rate (between 1930 and 1939, Agatha Christie wrote no fewer than 17 detective novels).


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Else again was the pseudonym Mary Westmacott, under whose cover Christie covered plenty of autobiographical topics.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[50] Christie's first novels after his disappearance were The Blue Train and The Big Four.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Both had been initiated before disappearing, but writing them to the end proved painful, something Christie also noted in his autobiography.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[51] Christie himself has always said that he hated the Blue Train and the Big Four is, according to Laura Thompson, one of Christie's worst published works.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Both works, however, sold well.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[52] Mary Westmacott As a result of 1926, there was also the pseudonym Mary Westmacott, which remained a secret until 1949 (i.e., the first four novels).


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie did not want it to be revealed, as Mary Westmacott normally received better reviews than Agatha Christie and, with Westmacott's name, Christie was able to reflect on very personal matters.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie subsequently forbade the use of the “Agatha Christie” name in connection with the Westmacott novels until his death.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[53] In the Mary Westmacott novels, Christie explored relationships and love in its many different forms.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[50] They contain a wealth of autobiographical ingredients, some of which can only be found in slightly modified form in Christie's autobiography My Good Old Time.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[54] Golden Age 1930—1949 In 1930, the first Miss Marple novel Murder in a rural village appeared, in which Christie also created the model of the PeriEnglish village she often used.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The same year also saw the premiere of Christie's first play Black Coffee.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[55] In 1933 Christie wrote particularly much: the detective novels The Riddle of the East Express, The Mute Witness, Parker Pyne Knows Everything, some of the short stories of the Listerdale Riddle, and the Westmacott novel Like a Migratory Bird, the most autobiographical of Christie's Westmacott novels.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

It has plenty of influences from Christie's childhood, youth, first marriage and disappearance.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[56] The years 1937—1949 were the most fruitful period of Christie's career.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie's own experiences were reflected to some extent in the novels Death on the Nile, Tea for Three, Five Little Piggies and The Fateful Weekend.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Other detective novels from this period included Simeon Lee's Testament, Miss Pinkerton's Secret, And None Saved, Shadow Under the Sun, Solomon's Judgment, A Body in the Library, The Accusable Finger, Towards Zero Point, The Sake and the House of the Wrong Fuck.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie also wrote his short story collection The Riddle of the Shattered Mirror and Herculean feats as well as his Westmacott novels Lonely Spring and the Time of the Rose.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[57] From writer to institution, Christie became an institution in the middle of the 20th century.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

According to publisher William Collins, the advertising slogan “Christie for Christmas” (Christie for Christmas) alone increased the book's sales by about.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[58] Christie's rise to truly great fame, however, was not thanks to novels but to the adaptations that made Christie's name known outside literary circles.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie's play adaptation of The None Saved novel in 1943 was very successful in London and Broadway.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The René Clairn film And None Saved (1945) was a first-class film adaptation of Christie's work and it was very successful.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

An even greater success, however, was the play and film version of the short story “Witness for the Prosecution” (1925).


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The play (1953) was an instant audience and review success in the West End and on Broadway.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Witness (1957), directed by Billy Wilder, was an even bigger success and is the only film based on Christie's work that Christie himself liked.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[58] The fight against the taxman 1938—1972 in the 1930s Christie had earned very well with his novels.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Economic hardship began in 1938 when U.S. taxation practice changed and individuals living abroad were forced to pay income tax on income they received from the United States.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

For the duration of the tax settlements, Christie's claims from the United States were frozen and, since most of Christie's income came from the United States, Christie was on the verge of bankruptcy during the war.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The situation was made even worse by the British taxman, who was littering taxes on money earned in the US.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[59] The United States tax authorities made a 1948 decision that Christie was required to pay taxes.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

After that Christie had to pay still taxes in Britain.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

To address tax problems, Christie founded the 1955 Christie Settlement Trust, which in turn owned the Agatha Christie Limited.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Writer Agatha Christie thus became an employee of Agatha Christie Limited, with a regular annual salary.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In 1957, almost all copyrights of Christie's works were transferred to the Christie Copyright Trust so that their inheritance tax would not become exorbitant.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The taxman approved the arrangement initially but changed its position as early as 1957 and in 1964 Christie was imposed over post taxes.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Once and for all, the matter was settled when Christie sold the 1966 copyrights he still owned to Agatha Christie Limited, from which in turn was sold to Booker McConnell in 1968.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Booker then acquired 1972 the rights to Christie's copyrights and these as a guarantee lent Christie the money needed to pay taxes.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[60] 1950s Laura Thompson has described Christie's 1950s production with the words “Agatha Christie on a majestic autopilot course”.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Novels from the 1950s included Mrs. McGinty Is Dead, Miss Marple Is Not Betrayed, After The Funeral, and Mysterious Rye Grains.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie's main focus, however, was on the theatre.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Plays from the beginning of the decade did well: The Mousetrap, Witness for the Prosecution and Spider's Web.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Nonetheless, late-half plays such as Verdict (1958) received a crushing reception from critics and viewers alike.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[58] Last years due to tax problems, Christie in the early 1960s desperately needed extra money and reluctantly agreed to sell the film rights to MGM.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The first of the films, Murder on the Train (1961) was, in Christie's view, weak, even if he liked Margaret Rutherford as Miss Marple.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

MGM made four more films, which Christie felt were one more gruesome than the other.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[61] Christie's literary production of the 1960s is characterized by a detachment from accustomed patterns and the influence of the modern world.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The Third Girl (1966) is plausibly set in beatnik-era London.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The Eternal Night (1967) is an extraordinary work in Christie's production because its protagonist is a young, working-class man and the novel was written from his point of view.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Characteristic to 1960s novels is also a mistrust of youth.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In Bertram's Hotel (1965), the young murderer is portrayed as Lucifer's child, in the Pumpkin Feast (1969) children are murdered with sadness and, at the climax, The Mysterious Traveller (1970), in which the youths are the spreaders of evil and terror.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[62] Christie's late production is also characterised by a reminiscence of a bygone age.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Bertram's hotel describes, through Ms. Marple's eyes, Christie's own memories of a time gone by, but which, nevertheless, have somehow been related to modern times.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The same is repeated in the novels The Abomination (1968), The Memory of the Elephant (1972) and Miss Marple as the Goddess of Revenge (1971).


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[63] Agatha Christie's attitude towards film adaptations of her works had been nuiva after the MGM disaster, but she agreed in 1972 at Louis Mountbatten's personal request to film the riddle of the East Express.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Unlike MGM's films, the conundrum of the East Express was both an audience and review success.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[64] Christie's last novel was The Gate of Destiny (1973).


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Like the pair's previous novels, it contained plenty of Christie's own memories of a past life.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

However, it was structurally already so weak that Christie's agents and surrounding circle would not have wanted to even publish it.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

It was already clear to those close to Christie that the Gate of Destiny was Christie's last work, as even the editing could not erase its contradictions.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Therefore, a short story collection of Poirot's short stories appeared for Christmas 1974, whose short stories had originally been published 1923—1935, and for Christmas 1975 Curtain.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Poirot's Last Thing, which Christie had written in the 1940s.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[65] Literary Style General Agatha Christie's literary style is characterized by narrative simplicity and clarity.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The writer's own persona or personal preferences never came between the reader and the work.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

The geometrically braided plot was plausible only in the riddle detective world created by Christie, of which P. D. James refers to as “Christie Land”.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

From this way of writing there is also a consequence of the stereotyping and one-dimensionality of the narrative.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

As Mary Westmacott, Christie showed herself capable of creating believable and realistic character characters, but that kind of style didn't fit the enigma detective genre favoured by Agatha Christie.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[66] In writing riddle detectives, Christie was interested first and foremost in motive and human nature.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Murder as an act did not interest him at all.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

He was interested in the interpersonal dynamics of the “Englishman murder”.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In Christie's detectives, murder and violence is secondary and the focus is solving the riddle itself.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[67] Means of Confusion Christie is known for carefully braided plots and surprising final revelations [68].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Often the prime suspect is the murderer and therefore the reader is not inclined to believe his guilt.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie modified this theme in many different ways: the murderer did not appear to be present when the murder occurred the murderer appears to be the actual victim of the murder the murderer is the narrator of the story the murderer appears to have been wounding due to an incapacitated murderer being a child or a police officer [68].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie also frequently exploited reader preconceptions about stereotypes.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

For example, a femme fatale may not be a fatal male tennis player, but rather a victim.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[69] Appreciation and popularity The British crime writers' association The Crime Writers Association selected Christie's book The Murder of Roger Ackroyd in 2013 as the best crime book of all time.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

At the same time, Christie himself was voted the greatest crime writer of all time.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[70] Review Christie has been criticised above all for his one-dimensional narrative and character characters, all of which have been subjected to the mercy of a complex and geometric plot.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Raymond Chandler thinks that None is saved is full of impossibilities.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Chandler thinks you can't write a classic riddle detective without false leads, coincidences and probabilities that are below.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In addition, Chandler accused Christie of falsifying the character of persons, without whom concealing the murderer would not be possible.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[71] Julian Symons thinks Christie wrote riddles rather than novels.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

H. R.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

F. Keating is along the same lines when he says Christie sacrificed good writing for complex plots.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Michael Dibdin, in Channel 4's programme J'Accuse (1992), accused Christie of killing a British crime novel.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In his view, the plots of Christie's novels are all similar: a vague group of people are somewhere remote where the murder takes place.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In his view, individuals are stereotyped devoid of psychological depth or emotion and Christie does not take into account problems in society.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

On the same show, Ruth Rendell slated Christie's way of portraying deaths: Rendell thinks death always involves shook, horror and pain — and those are what Rendell doesn't find in Christie's works.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[71] The worldview of Christie's books has been considered old-fashioned in the 21st century, because Christie did not describe violence or sex in his novels.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie purposely omitted these because they didn't fit Christie's idea of a riddle detective.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

However, violence and sex left undepicted in new filmatisations have been added.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

So, for example, in the episode of the Hercule Poirot series Five Little Pigs (2003), the execution of an innocent person and homosexual relations have been added.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In the new Miss Marple television series, Marple has as her backstory an unhappily ended relationship with a married man and, unlike the books, she is able to solve crimes because she has felt similar feelings herself.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[72] Defenders P. D. James do not mind the implausibility or absurdity of Christie's plots because the events are set in a fictional world that has nothing to do with reality.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[71] James also defends Christie's personal description, which, in his opinion, may seem lackluster but is nonetheless an apt and true character description [69].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

In P. G. Wodehouse's opinion (in 1969), knowing the payoff did not hinder reading because he thought the persons were so interesting.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Other Christie admirers also included T. S. Eliot and Clement Attlee.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

French philosophers held him in rank as early as the 1960s.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Jacques Maritain considered Christie to be the leading star of the entire genre and Gabriel Marcel felt Christie “was almost a great writer.” [73] Laura Thompson thinks that latching Christie as a mere pundit of the plot is unreasonable.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

As a basis, he uses play adaptations of his works made by Christie, all of which were unsuccessful and mere shadows of the early works (including The Mousetrap).


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

He regards the play versions as plotted skeletons of novels, stripped of all the elements that made the plot in the novel fascinating and exciting.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[74] Popularity The secret of Christie's popularity has been made in vain.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

It has often been suggested that artful plots would be to blame.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

However, this does not explain why contemporaneous writers such as John Dickson Carr, Margery Allenham or Dorothy L. Sayers who created equally artful plots are not nearly as popular as Christie's.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Laura Thompson speculates that the secret would lie in Christie's powerful imagination, which would be present all the time but nonetheless invisible.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

P. D. James has summed it up: “Yes, we have an inkling all along that there is much more smouldering beneath the surface than what appears on top.” [75] James feels that the greatest strength of Christie's scrums is the introduction of order into a chaotic world by sheer courage and intelligence, and its transmission as strong to the reader [69].


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Christie's detective novels were chosen in an international vote as the best And none were saved.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

[76] Works Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thompson, Laura| title= Agatha Christie.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

An English Mystery| location = London| publisher = Headline Publishing Group| year = 2008| isbn=978-0-7553-1488-1| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

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Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Barnard, Robert| title= A Talent to Deceive — an appreciation of Agatha Christie — Revised edition| publisher = Fontana Books| year = 1990| isbn = 0006374743| language = Transclusion error: {{I}} is only use for in File namespace.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cade, Jared| title = Agatha Christie disappear| others = Translated by Paukku, Resilience | location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought | year= 2006| version = Agatha Christie and the Eleven Missing Days, 2006| isbn = 951-20-7166-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raitio, Risto (ed.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

) | title = Agatha's century: 100 years since Agatha Christie's birth| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish dating club | year = 1990| isbn = 952-90-2194-1}} On the subject elsewhere in the Gutenberg project Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

, an article written by Christie in the 1930s and found in 2012.


Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

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Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

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Question: What country is Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie

Web archive 2012 Check date values in: |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) * Category:Those born in 1890 Class:Those who died in 1976 Category:Order of the British Empire Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a strong low pressure occurring in the area between turning circles, accompanied by wind blowing at cyclone intensity.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

In different marine areas, tropical cyclones have different designations: [1] Hurricane (name comes from Caribbean storm god Huracan) in the North Atlantic, northern parts of the Pacific east of the date boundary, as well as southern parts of the Pacific east of 160 meridian.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Hurricane season runs from June to November.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Typhoon in Pacific Northwest west of date boundary.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The word typhoon comes from the Cantonese Chinese word or fung (), “great wind” (Mandarin Chinese “taifeng”).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone elsewhere lived in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Southwest.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Around 80 tropical cyclones are observed in the world each year.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Approximately 15per cent of people live in areas where cyclones occur.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Although in each marine area the numbers vary widely from year to year, it is extraordinary that the globe-wide sum seems to remain very close to eighty each year.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

[2] Structure and dynamics A tropical cyclone includes an area of strong wind circling the centre of low pressure and a broad cloud mass towering in this vortex, where downpours and generally thunderstorms are observed.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Because of their structure, tropical cyclones are also called cyclones.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclones differ from other mobile low pressure systems, such as front systems entering Finland, because of their energy economy: the source of energy is a warm sea with a layer of water at least 50 meters thick and 26 degrees.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

[3] The energy of tropical cyclones is derived from water vapor dissipated from the ocean, condensing into rain.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Water vapor condensation is caused by a decrease in air pressure as it goes towards the center of the vortex and the elevation of air in the condensation area (fog chamber phenomenon).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The heat released in condensation causes the air to rise (strictly speaking, the heat released prevents the air from cooling down as its pressure decreases, so air is less frequent i.e.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

lighter than outside the storm).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Thus, additional moist air is absorbed towards the center.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The vortex is important because there is enough time for evaporation (evaporation, thermal energy binding).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

If the vortex is wide, there will no longer be moist air from the outside (which would get a lift at low pressure), but dry air will descend from the upper air layers to the centre, so local high pressure and clear weather will prevail there.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The cyclone's unbridled rotation also causes the storm to have no clear fronts, as with normal low pressure.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Winds blow towards the eye of the storm; in the northern hemisphere counterclockwise, in the southern hemisphere clockwise.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Wind speeds reach huge readings, usually from 33 to 60 m/s.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

At sea, the wave height is 10—15 meters and the whole sea is foaming white.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Visibility is very low, and because of the thick cloud ceiling, it is twilight even during the day.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The main source of energy for a tropical cyclone is the heat contained in water evaporating from the ocean surface, which is released as the water condenses into clouds and eventually into rain as warm, moist air rises and cools to the temperature and pressure of saturated water vapor (see


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Mollier curve).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The process can be thought of as a kind of atmospheric Carnot thermal power machine, in which the enthalpy of condensation contained in water vapor becomes the kinetic energy of the air mass.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

This chain of events follows Carnot's rotation process.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

First, the inflow air near the surface of the ocean takes energy from the evaporation of water as latent heat: in evaporation, the ocean cools and the air warms.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

A pressure gradient is created that sucks warm air from bottom to top, creating a drastic convection flow in which air flows at high speed at sea level towards the centre of the cyclone, and in the wall of the storm's eye ylos towards the tropopause.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The warmed air elsewhere rises and cools adiabatically in the wall of the storm's eye, however, retaining all of its condensation enthalpy upon condensation.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

On the third, air flows out and loses heat as infrared radiation into space at the height of the cold tropopause.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Eventually, the air condensates and sinks down on the outer edge of the storm towards the surface of the ocean at the outer edges of the cyclone.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The first and third stages are nearly isothermal, while the second and fourth are almost isentropic.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

This in-over-out-down circulation is known as the secondary cycle of a cyclone (the primary cycle is the rotational motion of a storm).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The Carnot process also determines an upper limit to the wind speed a cyclone can reach.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

In the context of a cyclone, there is talk of huge amounts of energy.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

It is estimated that a tropical cyclone releases thermal energy of about 50 to 200 exajoules (1018 J) per day, equivalent to a power output of about one petawatt (1015 watts).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

This equates to about 70 times the energy consumption of all mankind and about 200 times the entire world's power generating capacity, or detonating a single 10 megaton nuclear bomb every 20 minutes.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclones weaken and die quickly if they make landfall areas, too far from the tropics or on top of cold ocean currents.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

In this case, they become normal frontal low pressures and over the continent eventually become condensed and occluded.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Occasionally, remnants of hurricanes that have weakened to frontal low pressures in the North Atlantic may arrive in Finland.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The Coriolis effect, or the rotational motion of the Earth, has its effects not only on the usual low pressures but also the emergence of tropical cyclones.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Because of the phenomenon, storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and in the southern clockwise and can never cross the equator because the vortex would have to change its direction.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

[4] Classification and Life Cycle The genesis of major cyclones is often associated with the tropical easterly wave, a weak low pressure pass in the pasate flow of the tropics.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

A tropical easterly wave normally travels westward near the equator along with prevailing pasate winds.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Under suitable conditions, a cyclone can also form from other types of low pressure systems.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Transformation of low pressure into a tropical cyclone usually requires the following initial conditions: Water surface temperatures of at least 26.5°C (80°F).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Weak vertical wind shear (shear).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Very high humidity.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Distance from the equator at least 500 kilometers, or about 10 degrees latitude.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

However, in some cases, the system can form even if all these conditions are not met.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The neonatal weak system is called tropical low pressure.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

It has a windspeed of less than 17m/s and is actually just a cluster of strong thunderclouds, typically around 300km in diameter.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

However, the rotary motion of the system is already noticeable.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

In a middle-aged tropical storm, maximum wind speeds are 17—32m/s.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The cloud mass begins to have structure, radial rain bands.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

At this point, the storm is given a name.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

In a mature tropical cyclone, wind speeds exceed 32m/s.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The highest estimated wind speeds have been 85m/s (305km/h).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

[5] A clear opening is formed in the center of the cloud mass, the “eye of the storm”.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The diameter of the eye is usually around 10—50km, and the wind is weak in it.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Barometric pressure can reach the lowest readings measured at the ground surface in the eye of the storm, even below 900hPa.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

At the edge of the opening, the wind is at its highest and the cloud masses are at their highest, it rains pouring and thundering almost nonstop.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

There are spiral projections, or thundercloud lines, from the peripheral wall, at a distance of 400—600km.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone may weaken or lose its tropical characteristics if the wind shear grows too strong, causing convection clouds to dissipate, and the storm loses its energy source.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

the storm enters land, causing its main source of energy to disappear.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Mountainous areas in particular quickly break the structure of the storm, although at this point landslides and flooding caused by heavy rains often cause major destruction as well.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

However, if the system ends up back over water, it may reorganise into a cyclone if conditions are suitable.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

the cyclone is forced on top of colder sea areas.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

a larger low pressure system to fuse the cyclone into itself.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

This is usually what happens to small and weak storms.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Another system may be, for example, a frontal low pressure and sometimes a second tropical cyclone as well.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

A dying tropical cyclone may continue to live as a “regular” low pressure, especially if it drifts into colder sea areas.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

In this case, however, its energy production process — evaporation — changes decisively (see.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

above).


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The system can still produce high, even hurricane-level winds.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Some of the autumn storms that have occurred in Finland have been such cyclones formed from the remnants of hurricanes.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Detection Windspeed measurements from cyclones are often unreliable because the fiercest storms tend to destroy weather observation equipment.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The deployment of weather satellites greatly improved observation possibilities.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

As tropical cyclones approach land areas, information about them can also be obtained by weather radar.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

A device similar to a radio probe attached to a parachute can be flown through or over a cyclone and transmitting barometric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind information on its way to land.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Naming Tropical cyclones are named after the custom of the area of occurrence.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Hurricanes are given an isolation name to simplify the warning service and achieve the attention they deserve in the media.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Initially, they were given a name according to the feast days of the Catholic saint calendar corresponding to the name-day calendar.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Beginning in the 19th century, they are named with chosen names of people.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Initially, the names of women and unpopular politicians were used.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Beginning in 1953, names were proposed by the United States National Hurricane Center, and today these are decided by the World Meteorological Organization's WMO Hurricane Committee.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

[6] Naming is done alphabetically: the name of the first hurricane of the year begins with A.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

They are alternately male and female names.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

However, the letters Q and U have been removed from the alphabet list, including X, Y and Z from the Atlantic lists, as there are not enough names starting with them in the English language.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Six lists circulate so that the same names come into use every six years.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The names of storms that caused a lot of destruction or somehow otherwise noticeable will be “frozen.”


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

If more than 21 hurricanes are observed in a year, the Greek letters (alpha, beta, gamma...) begin to be used as their names.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

[6] The Hawaii Hurricane Center keeps its own list of names for hurricanes in its neighboring waters and gives them traditional Hawaiian-language names.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Typhoons are designated by the WMO Typhoon Committee of the World Meteorological Organization.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

It keeps a list of names from which to pick a name for the typhoon.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Five lists circulate, and for each list, each of the fourteen states in the region is allowed to suggest two names.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The lists will not be started over when the year turns.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

[7] The Japan Meteorological Department has a parallel system by which it names typhoons by year and ordinal number.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Also, the Philippines has its own system for typhoon naming.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

In it, four lists rotate, and the list always changes when the year changes.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Cyclones are named as follows: [8] in the northern part of the Indian Ocean, cyclones are named from a list with 64 names.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

In the southwestern part of the Indian Ocean, cyclone name lists are started over as the season changes.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Three lists circulate, and all the names used will be phased out and replaced with new names in three years to re-enter the future list.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Unused names, on the other hand, are reused for the next list.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Three lists are in use in the southeastern part of the Indian Ocean, which are the Australia List, the Indonesian List and the Papua New Guinea List.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

None of those three rosters will be started over with the change of season.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

There is a single roster in place in the Pacific South that will not be started over at the change of season.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Devastation Wind destroys buildings.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

A tidal wave can rise as low pressure sucks the water level up.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The storm can take salty seawater into the fields along with winds and floods, preventing farming for up to years.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Contaminated water may spread infectious diseases.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Downpours cause flooding.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Thunder cuts power, and lightning strikes start fires.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Rains may cause landslides, especially in mountainous areas.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

The Saffirin—Simpson hurricane scale has been developed to measure tropical cyclone intensity.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

See also List of notable tropical cyclones Tropical cloud cycles Föhnwind Sources On topic elsewhere.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

- Pictures of hurricanes taken from orbit.


Question: Why are hurricanes named after the women's name?

Tropical cyclone

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The history of settlements in Finland is an interpretation of how people have spread across the territory of present-day Finland and what population changes have occurred in the region at different times.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Population history can be clarified by combining studies from archaeology, linguistics, history, paleoecology and population genetics.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Information is available only from the period after the last ice age, since the Ice Age has eradicated all archaeological remains older than that.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[1] Settlement history also wants to emphasise the national identity of Finns by demonstrating their long-term residence in Finnish territory.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[2] Theories about the origin of the Finns speak a Finno-Ugric language, and the language relates them to the Finno-Ugric peoples living in the south and east.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

From its old age, it was thought that the Finns have left the Volga bend region around 2500 BCE.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

moving towards Finland.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[3] Archaeology and genetics have not accepted the idea, but have since the 1960s emphasised the continuity of settlement, according to which Finland has been uninterruptedly inhabited since the end of the Ice Age.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Linguists have brought up evidence opposing continuity theory in recent years.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Some of them support the idea that there were Sami and Germans in Finland even before the coming of the Finns, which would have occurred at the beginning of the Iron Age.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The Finnish language may therefore have come from a bend in the Volga, although the Finnish population apparently does not originate there.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[4] A Finnish study published in 2008 revealed major differences in the lineage of Eastern and Western Finns.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

According to the study, East and West Finns differ more genetically than English from Germans.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The cause of large differences is considered isolation.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The genetic roots of Finns lie mainly in Central Europe, according to the study.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[5] However, Eastern Finns do not appear to be any closer to Russians than Western Finns, but quite the opposite: the genetic FST distance of Western Finns to both Russians and Swedes is about 30, Eastern Finns to both about 70.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Finns from different parts of the country may therefore be genetically farther apart at present levels than people from different parts of Europe.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The closest genetic relatives of Finns are Estonians and Swedes.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Indirectly from the same accounts, it can be concluded that Finns are genetically different from the Sami.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[4] Mesolithic and Neolithic period of the Stone Age The first humans arrived in Finland around the 8850s before the beginning of the period.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

When the first inhabitants arrived, Northern Finland was still covered with ice year-round, the forests were composed of hardwoods and the water level was so high that Central Finland and Savo-Karelia were the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

In total, the early stage of settlement can be considered the period 8850-8000 BCE.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The settlement came to Finland from the Kundan-Butovon-Veretjen cultures as well as through the Norwegian coast.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Initially, the new areas did not freeze permanently, but after the warm season the hunters returned back to the areas they had left.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Because of the unpredictable winters, exploring the new area was safest in summer.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The conditions of the new area, and as its animals became familiar, small groups of families followed the fishing teams.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[6] The oldest signs of permanent settlement date back 10700 years in southern Karelia on the shores of Lake Ancylus, where today is the Kuurmanbottom of Joutseno.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Excavations have found ovals of seven metres long and three metres wide excavated to a depth of half a metre.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Digging into the ground suggests permanent settlement.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

From the excavation sites, the inhabitants of the older one, Kuurmanpohja Saareoja 2, are likely to have come from the east.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[7] The colonisation of the North began in the Stone Age about 20,000 years ago, when the ice age receded.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Ruijaan was born around 9000 BCE.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Early Mesolithic Komsa culture, the remains of which have also been found on the Finnish side.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[2] At the same time, the early Mesolithic Estonian Kunda culture spread to the Finnish side, as evidenced by the ancient settlement of Ristola in Lahti.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[8] As the culture from the south spread to Finland, the Suomusjärvi culture developed on the trail of axes, chisels, and red dirt graves along the shoreline of the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[2] In the traces of people from the Younger Stone Age (Neolithic period), earthenware is found that were not known to the Mesolithic culture.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Based on the styles of dishes, different cultures can be distinguished.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Comb ceramic culture (5000—3200 BC)


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

is the findrichest phase of the Stone Age.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Its remains are abundant in Lake Finland, so almost all of Finland was inhabited, but there were still quite a few people.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Residents who lived in the Younger Stone Age have left behind regional styles of asbestos pottery, Kierik pottery (3600—3100 BCE.)


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

as well as pottery of Pölja and Jysmaa (3100—1900 BCE).


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The artifact found includes skis, sleighs, chisels and fishing equipment, among other things.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

It has been speculated that the cultures of asbestos pottery in Inner Finland were Sami, but there is no definite information.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The Kierik culture of the Oulu region may have had links to the south.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[9] [10] The next wave of migration brought a tightrope culture, or hammeraxe people, to the coast of southwestern Finland.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

It flourished around 3200/2900 BCE.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

— 2300/1800 BC.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

It is speculated that they were a people from the south who also engaged in farming.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Some scholars deny, for example, on the basis of coffin graves, that this is about a new people who came to the country.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Separately, there is still Åland pit pottery, whose livelihoods included seal hunting, fishing and birding.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

At the end of the Neolithic period, 1200 BCE.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The Kiukaisten culture spread to southwestern Finland, which is interpreted to have represented the Scandinavian seafarer people.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[10] The so-called Gökhem skeleton found in Sweden suggests that a people arrived in the Nordic region 5000 years ago from the Mediterranean culture who brought with them the art of farming.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

One discovery alone does not change the matter, but it strongly supports the notion that people who knew the principles of farming existed in the Nordic region as early as five thousand years ago.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[11] Bronze and Iron Ages The name early metal age is often used from the period beginning with the introduction of bronze in Finland in 1500 BCE.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

and ends at about 300 share., by which time the iron was already in use.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The transition to farming (cascading) took place no later than that.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

In the coastal region, the Bronze Age caused quite distinct changes to everyday life.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Commerce busied and many occupations (merchant, soldier, sailor) emerged.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

There are more object discoveries from this period than from the beginning of the Early Metal Age, suggesting an increase in population numbers.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[12] [13] Inland changes are less pronounced.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

For example, it was not until the 6th century that Kaski was cleared in the Gulf of Voud in Lake Saarijärvi.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

from.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

There was a shift to arable farming there, according to pollen analysis, in the 13th century.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[14] The transition from bronze to iron at the beginning of our time did not bring rapid change to life in Finland.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Language conditions were being outlined, for the year 1000 divide.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Around this time, the main dialects of the Finnish language were born.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

When the Baltic Finnish dialects of Ancient Karelian, Antiquity and Ancient Northern Estonian were mixed, two main dialects emerged: Ancient Savo on the basis of the first two and Ancient Finnish based on the last two.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[15] It is difficult to estimate the prehistoric population.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

After counting back in time from the known population of the 1560s, Finland's population at the end of the prehistoric period (13th century) has been estimated at 50000—80000 people.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[16] As there were few people, distant wilderness areas in Inner Finland could be considered wilderness holdings.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

This wilderness economy included the use of wilderness areas in the form of batch pleasure for catching big game and fur, fishing, and to a small extent for irrigation and animal husbandry.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Wilderness holdings were economically important to the houses and villages of the fronts.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

In the summer, land was cultivated, in winter fishing trips were made to the wilds of the north.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The batch gradually began to attract the overpopulation of the South to move into the wilderness as regulars.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The movers were also fleeing taxes and military-taking.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[9] For example, in the late Middle Ages, the Jyväskylä region was a wilderness ownership of the houses of the present Hauho, [17] and the distance to its own wilderness was about 200 km.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

New settlement on the coasts and wilds The Swedish-speaking settlement of the coasts The Swedish population migrated to the side of present-day Finland from the 12th to 13th centuries.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Swedish settlement spread especially to archipelagos and coasts.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

By the end of the 14th century, the coastal areas were already almost completely inhabited by Swedes.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[18] From the Iron Age onwards, the Savonian settlement of the wilderness countryside was under pressure from the Finns to the north and east.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Permanent holdings began to form from wilderness holdings in the early 16th century.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The Finns and Lower Catakuns who settled in place did not participate in this, but other areas moved north and east down to the waterways.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The present Northern Savo was inhabited from 1542 onwards after Klemetti Henrikinpoika Krook, a scribe of Savonlinna, started organising settlement activities that had already occurred in the Middle Ages.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[19] [9] The colonisation of the wilderness took place at the will of King Gustav Vasa.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Attempts were made to increase tax revenues, to take wilderness into state ownership and to tie border areas into part of Sweden.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The settlers then headed from Southern Savo to Eastern Finland, Northern Ostrobothnia and Lapland.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[20] The Savonian settlement activity spread in places to areas of the Hämälinen wilderness holdings.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The Hämäläs claimed the right to their lands, but from the 1550s the state favoured the Savonians, who gave rise to permanent settlement by cascading the lands by making huhtakasks.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

These former Hämäläinen areas were named Rautalamm keeper at the end of the 16th century.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Similar settlement activity also occurred further west in the areas of Upper Satakunta, Ruovesi Pirkkala and Kangasala, meant for settlers from the south: Savonians were forbidden from migrating to these areas.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

However, this happened both in Ruovesi and in the Lake Region of Southern Ostrobothnia, where Savonian features (Savonian wedge) came to the local dialect.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Migration of Savonians also occurred to North Karelia, Northern Ostrobothnia and Viena Karelia.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[19] Thus the strong genetic distribution of the Finnish population between Western and Eastern Finns was formed.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

[20] After the Savonian settler movement, there were inhabitants throughout Finland.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

There were 700 houses in North Karelia too.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

Still, the focus of settlement was clearly in the south: about half of the inhabitants of Finland lived in the regions of Southwest Finland, Satakunta and Häme.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

Savo and Karelia Isthmus were sparsely populated.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

The total population of the kingdom is estimated to be around one million people based on the silver tax list of 1571, of which in Finland around 300000.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

Population growth was low, with infectious diseases, wars and years of disappearance taking people prematurely to the grave.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

[19] Uniform population statistics began to be compiled in Sweden in the 1740s.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

The kingdom had fewer people than thought: the population of Sweden was 1.8 million and Finland's population was just over 420,000 people.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

[21] The population growth of the 19th century Finland's population grew very rapidly during the 19th century.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

There had been growth as early as the late 18th century, but about 40 years of rapid growth began from the 1830s.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

There were big regional differences.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

The fastest growth was in rural areas of Central, Eastern and Northern Finland.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

For example, the number of people in Vaasa County doubled between 1815 and 1865.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

Growth was based on the development of agriculture, the establishment of new farms and a belief in the future.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

The number of crofts also increased.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

The fastest of all, however, was the increase in the rank-free population: the number of hilly smoked and parasitic populations doubled between 1815 and 1865.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonization?

Settlements history of Finland

Although agriculture developed, no grain was sufficient for the entire population as in good years.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[22] The livelihood of the farm population depended on the grain harvest.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

In bad years, their survival was difficult.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The great hunger years of the 1860s forced hungry people to mobilize, “the way of miero and death.”


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

With hunger came infectious diseases, for example, typhoid fever, whooping cough and dysentery.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

During the Great Hunger Years some 270,000 people died, but population growth soon recovered again.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The population of Finland was approximately 2.7million people in 1900.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[23] Leaving the way to Miero, on the other hand, increased migration to the factory localities.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The base for Finnish industrialization was laid during this period.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Industrialization required labor and began the first migration from the countryside to the cities.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

The number of urban workers grew rapidly: in 1870 the urban workforce and their families numbered 150,000 people and in 1910 608000 people.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

[24] The period of Russian rule brought to the country with the participation of Russian soldiers e.g.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Russians, Jews, Tatars, and East Asian immigrants.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Russian rule marked the growth of internationalization and foreign entrepreneurs emigrated to the country, among others.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

Russia, Germany, England and Norway.


Question: When has Finland started to be colonized?

Settlements history of Finland

There was also an influx of immigration, especially to America.