Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The earlier Axis boys' dominance became a supporter of the regent and Finland became more firmly subordinated to the central authority; especially when Raaseporik came into the possession of Sten Sture's supporter, Knut Posse.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sture did not distribute castles as fiefs to the overlord, but controlled them through self-dependent vouts, collecting significantly tax revenue for himself.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The tranquillities of the end of the Middle Ages at the end of the 15th century earlier skirmishes with Moscow condensed into war.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1495, Vyborg Castle began to be besieged.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Lifting people were also gathered from Western Finland for the war effort at the time.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In endangered areas, all 15-year-olds were taken up in arms, and German mercenaries and people from the Swedish side also arrived in the country.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Along with Karelia, Russian attacks also extended to Ostrobothnia, Savo and Häme.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Peace was concluded in 1497.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the same year, Sten Sture was dismissed from the position of state administrator by the Council of Power.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the Finnish castle lands remained in his possession.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

King Hansel I of Denmark invaded Sweden in 1497, beating Sten Sture's forces on 28 September at the Battle of Rotebro.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Thus Hansel I rose to become King of Sweden and thus of Finland (1497—1501).


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1499, Sture had to give up his territories in Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1503, Svante Niilonpoika Sture (1504—1512) was elected as regent, to whom the leading men of Finland also gave their assurances of allegiance.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At the meeting in Turku, his election was supported.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the unanimity was ostensible, as some of Finland's lords, along with Sten Sture's kin, pursued their own political line.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

To some extent, the goals have remained unclear.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

National historiography, however, has highlighted the centrality of East politics in divisive terms.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Vaasa period (1523—1617) The reign of Gustav Vasa during the end of the Union was peaceful in Finland other than Vyborg, in the early 16th century the Danes went on raiding the coasts of Finland, and the privateer captain Otto Rudi plundered Turku and its treasures of the cathedral.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On the rise of Christian II, the Danish Union king, at his coronation, he beheaded dozens of Swedish supremacists.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It's called the Stockholm massacre.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedish supreme Gustav Vasa rose to oppose the Union king and won the peasants over.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

German Hanseatic merchants also supported Gustavus Vasa and supplied him with weapons and money.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Finnish-born Fleming brothers Eerik and Iivar conquered the Finnish castles for Gustav Vasa and drove the Danes out of Finland in 1523.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Nordic Union period ended, and Gustav Vasa became King of Sweden and Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The early modern state emerges in the Gustav Vasa period beginning a unified Swedish kingdom to form.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

He succeeded in defeating the provincial communities that pushed for his own policies.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Reformation, in turn, snubbed the Church.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Already weakened by the massacre, the high nobility was now attached to supporting royal policy.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the management of the government continued the medieval tradition: the king had numerous nobles as well as scribes who were not, however, strictly officials.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Nor was there yet a clear division of labour within the administration, but the functions of office in the king's service varied according to the situation.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 1530s, Gustavus Vasa began to produce German administrative personnel in the country, with whom new views of monarch rule also arrived in Sweden.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1544, in the Riksdag of Västerås, the kingship was changed to hereditary and Gustav Vasa's eldest son Eerik was named heir to the throne.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the withdrawal of fiefdoms, local government of the Crown was concentrated in the hands of the vouties.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The tasks of these were diverse, but the collection of taxes was the most important of them.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During Gustavus Vasa's time, there was also a shift to written administration; first, systematic land books (on land ownership) are being drawn up to aid taxation, soon followed by other lists and written accounts.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Vouds were also responsible for repopulating deserted houses, a ride-hailing system and roadwork.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Voud also had to prevent illegal trading in the countryside, as well as handicrafts.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Maintaining public order and caring for the litigants were also part of the duties of the voud - thus ensuring the Crown's share of tax revenue and penalty payments.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The stepped-up administration boosted the Crown's tax revenues by tens of percent.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war against Russia for Finland was still significant in foreign policy terms, continued conflicts with Russia; during the early stages of the period of Gustav Vasa, another attempt was made to gain clarity on the course of the border line through negotiations.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedes sought to delay the revision of the border as far as possible, and despite temporary agreements, skirmishes and mutual raiding continued.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1555, a meeting of nobles held in Vyborg recommended to the king to go to war.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The attack prompted a counter-attack by Ivan the Terrible in the direction of Vyborg and Savo.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Negotiations between 1556 and 1557 ended with the conclusion of a 40-year-long intermediate peace.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The intention was to hold 1559 new negotiations for the passage of the border, which, however, never materialised.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Abuses of nobility During the war, the king had stayed in Finland for a long time.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At that time he also ordered the submission of an extensive inquiry into abuses committed by the nobility.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As a result of this investigation, the so-called. Jaakko Teit's list of complaints, a major source of 16th-century social history.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the summer of 1556, the king still formed a duchy of his own from Finland, with the king's son Juhana named at its head.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Gustav Vasa died in September 1560.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On the throne he was succeeded by Eerik XIV.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

From throne disputes to the beginning of great power politics, Eerik XIV's reign Eerik XIV was crowned king in 1561.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

He sought to further intensify the kingship in relation to the overlord, and thus also to his brothers.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

To weaken the position of these, Eerik established new counts and free lordships to share the power of the dukes.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In Finland, the king's policy was also reflected in the appointment of new llamanns to the country.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1561, the King approved in the Reichstag the so-called. Arboga's articles by which the dukes were subjected to the control of the king and deprived them of the possibility of an independent foreign policy.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Central to the king was specifically the eroding of the position of Duke Juhana of Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As the Duchy of Juhana, Finland was formed into a “feudal miniature state” (Keränen) subjugated to the kingdom, with its own office, chamber of taxes and calculations, and a council corresponding to the power council.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Juhana's interests in Livonia were also at odds with the king: with the planned marriage to Catherine Jagellonica, Juhana would gain possession of several pledge castles in Livonia.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Simultaneously, Eerik XIV was drifting into war with Poland due to its expansionist policy towards Livonia.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1561 the Tallinn jury had already ceded the city to the patronage of the king, during the same spring the nobility of Viru and Harju separated from the Teutonic Order.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As the conflict intensified, the king convened in 1563 the Reichstag to condemn John to death.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The development led to the siege of Turku Castle in the summer of 1563.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After skirmishes and bombardments, the castle surrendered on 12 August 1563, after which the splendour of the castle was destroyed, the pair of dukes were captured and taken to Sweden for imprisonment.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 1560s, Swedish foreign policy was marked by warfare in the Baltics against Poland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition, Eerik XIV was mired in war against Denmark-Norway and Lübeck.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

This necessitated good relations with the East: the concentration of military forces elsewhere required good relations with the direction of Moscow.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Eerik XIV's term ended in 1568 with the rise of the nobility against the king.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

This time, Finland's top brass were also on the side of the rebels, as much the old supporters of Juhana as the creditmen of Eerik.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Turku Castle came into the possession of the rebels.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Eerik spent the next few years in captivity until he was sentenced to death and poisoned in 1577.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Long hatred during Juhana III's kingship, border skirmishes on the border of Käkisalmi County led to yet another war (1570—1595) known as the Nordic Five Third Year War.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For the most part, it was a brutal, mutual guerrilla war.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the early stages, however, warfare was organized and in 1573—1577 a time of armistice lived on the Finnish front.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Halfway through the decade, however, peasant rustles began: Karelians invaded Oulujärvi and Iijoki, southern Finland went beyond the Gulf of Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the fold of the decade, organised warfare was triggered again with the invasion of Narva (1579) and the conquest of Käkisalmi in 1580.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Narva was overrun the following year, with subsequent negotiations leading to an intermediate peace lasting until 1590.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Despite the intermediate peace, guerrilla warfare continued on both sides of the eastern border, leading to the widespread desolation of Kainuu and northern Ostrobothnia in the 1580s.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Led by Pekka Vesainen, the Ostrobothians made retaliatory expeditions to Viena Karelia.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war ended with the Peace Treaty of Full Self in 1595.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A new throne dispute upon the death of John III in 1592 left the throne without a holder.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

There were two successor candidates: Sigismund and Duke Charles.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The kingship issue was also intertwined with church politics: in Counter-Reformation Europe, Sigismund was Catholic, making his position even more problematic in Lutheran Sweden.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1593 Sigismund arrived in the country to be crowned.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The ruler's assurance he issued in the autumn of the following year.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this case, he also adopted the Lutheran line of the enactment and ecclesiastical assembly of Uppsala (1593).


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the crowning of Sigismund, a personal union was created between Sweden and Poland that lasted some years; as King of Poland, Sigismund always remained until 1632.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the king's return to Poland, rose to the nobility among disagreements over Charles Duke's position as registrar.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this dispute, Klaus Fleming, the commandholder of Finland, sided with the king.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Riksdag of Arboga of 1597, however, Charles was named regent.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this case, he also declared his opponents, above all Klaus Fleming, rebels.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Harshing justice Generally in Europe At the beginning of the New Age, in the 16th and 17th centuries, secular rights began to use the so-called “Law of Moses”, that is, some passages from the Bible.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Under the law of Moses, witchcraft and magic were prohibited and, among other things, blasphemy, swearing, infringement against one's parents, perjury, manslaughter, interest railing, false testimony, and several sexual offences could be sentenced to death.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Law of Moses became a general legal instruction in the Swedish Empire in 1608 and remained in force right up to the new Reich Law of 1734.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the law was generally not applied in its full harshness and death sentences were commuted in about half of the cases.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[36] [37] 16th century peasant unrest and mace war Peasant unrest increased during the reign of Gustav Vasa, inter alia, due to increased tax burdens and, on the other hand, the struggle for power of his sons.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The culmination of the peasant unrest was the bludgeon war in 1596—1597.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It ended bloody with the army defeating the Ostrobothians and Savonian peasants armed with mace, spears and bows.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The revolt was directed against the nobility who exercised power in Finland and Klaus Fleming in particular.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The mutineers sought help from Charles Duke, who was pursuing the Swedish crown.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As causes of the rebellion, contemporary research attributes the war burden of the rap war, economic decline, and the suffering caused by the castle camp system.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Scholars have been divided as to the great influence the incitement against Klaus Fleming exercised by the Duke of Charles had on the genesis of the bludgeon war [38] [39].


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Great Power Period (1617—1721) Peace of Stolbova In 1604—1611 Duke Charles of Södermanland was King Charles IX of Sweden.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During his reign, the kingdom was almost constantly waging war against Russia and Poland, especially over the ownership of the Baltic provinces Estonia and Livonia.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition, in 1611—1613 there was a defeatist war against Denmark.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On the death of Charles IX, his son Gustav II Adolf ascended to the throne.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The state of the kingdom was poor and Sweden had to conclude in 1613 peace with Denmark.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Peace of Stolbova was concluded with Russia in 1617, as a result of which Käkisalmi County, Nutälinna and part of Inker were annexed by Sweden.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Modernisation and reforms under the leadership of the King and Reich Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna, Sweden and Finland began to implement substantial reforms after the foreign policy situation calmed down.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The army and the war establishment were reorganised, in particular in accordance with the paragon given by the Dutch Morits Oranian.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The navy and the administration of the Crown were also reformed.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A new form of government was brought into effect in the country and the kingdom was divided into counties.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 17th century, in addition, a Governor-General was appointed in Finland from time to time to develop the conditions


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The office of Governor General of Finland was Nils Tuurenpoika Bielke and Count Peter Brahe, whose official residence was Turku Castle.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During the Great Reign, new cities and the Royal Court of Appeal of Turku were also established in Finland, and in 1640 the Turku Academy, Finland's first university.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During the Thirty Years' War in the Baltics, Sweden was still waging war against Poland-Lithuania and in 1629 the provisional Peace of Altmark was concluded.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Thirty Years' War between the Catholic Emperor and Protestant princes that broke out in Germany, Gustav II Adolf joined in 1630 after coming ashore in northern Germany.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sweden's goal in the war was to support German Protestants and strengthen its own position.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Gustav II Adolf, however, died at the Battle of Lützen in 1632 and his daughter Kristiina ascended the throne as a minor.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In practice, the kingdom was ruled at this point by a caretaker government led by Axel Oxenstierna.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Peace of Westphalia, 1648, which ended the Thirty Years' War, Sweden established itself as a great power.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the Thirty Years' War and other conflicts of the Great Power period severely consumed the resources of Sweden and Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A significant number of peasants were forced to serve in the army and navy, where mortality rates were high.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

From wars to peace period, during Queen Kristiina's reign 1632—1654 Sweden and Finland gave vast territories as fiefdoms to the nobility.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The nobility had the right to collect tax on their fiefdoms, which complicated the financial position of the Crown.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After Kristiina's abdication of the crown rose to power under Charles X Gustaf, who ruled the Swedish Empire from 1654 to 1660.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During his reign, Sweden waged wars against both Poland, Russia, and Denmark.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Charles X died in 1660 and Charles XI ascended to the throne as his successor, in whose reign 1660—1697, a major reduction—the large-scale withdrawal of fiefdoms to the Crown took place in Sweden and Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Charles XI diminished the power of the nobility and ruled the kingdom autocratically.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For Finland, the reign of Charles XI meant a lengthy peace.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Protestant clergy were responsible for teaching literacy to the people and ecclesiastical life was dominated by pure-apprenticity.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

1695—1697 Finland was hit by disastrous years of disastrous roofing, which resulted in a significant portion of the population dying from starvation and disease.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Great Northern War under Charles XI's successor King Charles XII, in 1700 the Great Northern War broke out, resulting in Sweden losing its great power status.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The cause of the war was an anti-Swedish alliance established by Sweden's enemies Denmark, Russia, Polish-Lithuania and Saxony.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Peace of Stolbova of 1617, Russia had lost contact with the Baltic Sea.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The reformist Tsar Peter I sought to reopen Russia a link with the Baltic Sea to facilitate its contacts and commerce with Western Europe.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Although Charles XII succeeded one by one in defeating Denmark, the Russian invasion army (at the Battle of Narva) and Poland, the Swedes ultimately suffered a decisive defeat to the Russians at the Battle of Poltava in 1709.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The king then fled to Turkey and the kingdom was open to enemy attack.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Vyborg was taken in 1710 and the Russians occupied the rest of Finland after the Battle of Kostianvirta on Pälkäne, the Battle of Napue in Ostrobothnia and the Battle of Riilahti off Hanko by 1714.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

From the Russian occupation period of 1714—1721, big-hatred is referred to as big-hatred.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The occupation period was disastrous for Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Thousands of people were killed and even more were taken to Russia, in addition, much of the country's officials and clergy fled to Sweden.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Great Northern War and at the same time big-hatred ended with the Peace of Uusikaupunki between Sweden and Russia of 1721.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The peace treaty annexed Inkerinmaa, Estonia, Livonia and Käkisalmi County, as well as Vyborg.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Karelia annexed to Russia is often referred to as Old Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Age of Freedom and the Gustavian Period (1721—1809) Power away from the king in the Swedish Empire After Charles XII, the Acts took power from the king in the reigns of 1719 and 1720 and the period of autocracy became the period of decree (the “time of freedom”).


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Economics and science developed during this period, but on the other hand, party power politics caused problems.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

France and Russia gained influence in Sweden by funding rival parties called jackets and hats.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[40] In the 1720s, reconstruction began in Finland following the Great Northern War.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the peace of New Town, the Russian occupying forces began to leave the country more soberly than agreed.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During 1721, new land lords were appointed in Finland, responsible for reconstruction.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Repair work proceeded quickly, as as early as the mid-1730s the rebuilding can be considered to have finished.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[41] Finnish-born Arvid Horn was Permanent President of Sweden from 1720 to 1738.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[42] His policy does not particularly find features that emphasise Finnishness.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The most significant acclamation of Finland of his time was the Law of 1734.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It remained in force during the period of autonomy and is the basis for the legislation of an independent Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At the same time, attention began to be paid to Finnish as a language of administration as well.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A post of translator was established at the Permanent College in 1734, translating documents into Finnish and assisting peasant Reichstag in Stockholm.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The 1734 law was translated into Finnish by the county secretary Samuel Forseen.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[43] The War of the Hats came to power in the Reichstag of 1738.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The programme of the Hat Party included a war of reparation against the Russians, in which it was intended to conquer all the territories lost in 1721 and furthermore Russian Karelia.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

When Russia had throne disputes, Hats assumed the country was weakened.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sweden declared war in June 1741.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Three Swedish infantry regiments were sent to Finland, but the warfleet was virtually crippled by pestilence.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Irish Field Marshal Peter de Lacy, who led the Russian forces, took his troops to the Battle of Lappeenranta, where a badly underpowered Swedish force led by Carl Henrik Wrangel suffered a wicked defeat in August 1741.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Charles Emil Lewenhaupt, who served as Commander-in-Chief in Finland, agreed at the end of 1741 to a truce proposed by Emperor Elizabeth.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[44] After the end of the armistice, the Russians marched to southern Finland in February 1742.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the Swedish army surrendered, the Russians occupy western Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Elizabeth circulated a manifesto in March 1742 in which she promised to support the Finns if they wanted to secede from Sweden and establish an independent state.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[44] However, after the Finnish occupation, talk of independence ceased.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[45] The Russian occupation period has been called petty hatred, but the designation is misleading to some extent, as Russian troops behaved well.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[44] On 7 August 1743 Sweden and Russia concluded the Peace of Turku, in which the border was moved to Kymijoki, Mäntyharju and Savonlinna.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Savonlinna city and Olavinlinna remained on the Russian side.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[44] New Era Thoughts After the war, mercantilist principles of trade led to economic gains from tar and shipbuilding remaining in Stockholm.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 1760s, Anders Chydenius, a vicar in Kokkola, started calling for freedom of business and expression.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[40] In the last decades of the 18th century, the Turku Academy was particularly awakened by the influence of Henrik Gabriel Porthan, the “Father of Finnish History”, an interest in Finnish history and Finnish folk poetry.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[46] Of the scholars, Eino Jutikkala says “In the second half of the 18th century, the inhabitants of the different provinces of Finland and members of different adjustments became more consciously Finns as opposed to the Swedes living behind the sea.” [47] The troubled reign of Gustav III In 1772 Gustav III After the coup, a new form of government was enacted by which power reverted back to the king.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The era sought to get rid of mercantilism.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Freedom of speech and religion expanded.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The confidence of Finnish officers in the king was weakened because the nobility lost their authority to the king, who was supported by the people.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Some high-ranking soldiers transferred to Russian service.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[40] In 1788—1790, the so-called Gustav III War started by Gustav III took place between Sweden and Russia.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sweden was also matched by Denmark.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war was opposed by officers who formed the Anjala Union, among others.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Despite its maritime victory in the Swedish Strait, Sweden did not gain additional territories in the peace of Värälä.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The 1789 Book of Association and Collateral increased the king's power even further.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the war, the bitterness of the nobility towards the king increased, and this eventually led to the assassination of the king in 1792.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[40] Sweden loses Finland The Finnish War was fought in 1808—1809 between Russia and Sweden.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war was prompted by the peace established by Russia and France on 7 July 1807 in Tilsit.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In it, France and Russia allied and Russia pledged to pressure, if necessary by force of arms, including Sweden to join the continental exclusion against Britain, an embargo by which France would have strengthened its position as a sea power against Britain.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The last Grand Duke of Finland during Swedish rule was Gustav IV Adolf's second son Charles Gustaf, who died 1802—1805.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[48] As a result of the Finnish War, Finland passed to Russian rule and the administration was organized on the basis of autonomy.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Russian Emperor became Grand Duke of the Autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Linna, Martti (ed.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

) | title = Sources of the Early Middle Ages | publisher = History Aitta| year = 1989| isbn = 9789519600611}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tarkiainen, Kari| title = Swedish Oriental| publisher = Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland| year = 2010| isbn = 9798-5551-853-212-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jouse| title = History of Finland — from the Stone Age to the 21st century| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2017| isbn = 978-951-1-31574-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Virrankoski, Pentti| title = History of Finland — country and people| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2012| isbn = 978-952-222-377-7}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jouse| title = History of Finland: From the Ice Age to the European Union| location = in Helsinki | publisher = Otava| year = 2003 (4. edition 2005) | id = ISBN 951-1-17397-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Zetterberg, Seppo (ed.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

) | title = Little Giant of Finnish History | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1987| id = ISBN 951-0-14253-0}} Handbook of Finnish History.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Previous section, ed.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Arvi Korhonen.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

WSOY 1949, Porvoo — Helsinki.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karonen, Petri| title = Northern Great Power: Sweden and Finland 1521-1809| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-0-23739-6}} Helge Pohjolan-Pirhonen, History of Finland 1523—1617.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

WSOY 1960, Porvoo — Helsinki.


Question: How was John II elected king?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On topic elsewhere in Category:History of Finland Category:History


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Oy Sisu Auto Ab is a Finnish automotive factory founded in 1931 and was born under the name Oy Suomen Auto Ab.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The company is privately owned and manufactures SISU brand trucks for civilian and military use.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Today its factory is located in Karja, Raasepori.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

History Finnish Automotive industry and SISU trademark The transactions of two car body factories in Kallio, Helsinki, were merged in 1931, creating O/Y Suomen Automotive A/B.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The company started operations at Fleminginkatu 27.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The design of the cars began.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

From the start, the car's internal working title was “Sisu”.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Volvo, a Swedish company, was chosen as the component supplier.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The company's longtime CEO served as Tor Nessling.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The SISU name of the car was confirmed as an official trademark on the basis of public competition.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The name was proposed by Veikko Arohonka from Hämeenlinna.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The first nine cars manufactured — one bus and eight trucks — will be completed during the summer and fall of 1932.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The production principle was “from the factory to direct driving” if the customer so desired.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Production started in Helsinki with three different models with a total weight of 4800kg and a load capacity of 2300kg.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 1934, the company started using Finnish Olympia engines and started producing trams as well.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The use of Volvo components in the SISU car was abandoned.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Manufacturing of railway stock began with bus-bodied track cars supplied to VR.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The first diesel-engined Sisu was completed, it was powered by the American Hercules diesel.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The first armored car prototype was produced by the company in 1938.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Demand for trucks fizzled thanks to the boom and preparations for war.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Cars were exported to Estonia and Latvia.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Serial manufacture of trams began in 1938.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 1943, the Finnish Automotive industry handed over to a company called Yhtesisu Oy for five years the exclusive right to manufacture Sisu S-22 trucks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Joint Sisu will be established in Helsinki, the initiative will come from the Finnish Defence Forces, including the State and all the main metal companies in the country.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The company built a factory in Vanaja near Hämeenlinna.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The last Sisu trucks were completed from the Yönnisu factory in 1948, after which the company continued to operate as Vanajan Autotehdas Oy, producing Vanaja brand trucks and buses.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In total, Yhtesisu manufactured 294 SISU-branded trucks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Moving to Karja in 1944 the operations of the Finnish Automotive factory in Helsinki moved to Karja, where a plot had already been acquired in 1941.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The plants of the current Oy Sisu Auto AB are still operating in Karja.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

After the Continuation War, the Finnish Automotive industry supplied more than 2000 pieces of Sisu AMC side-valve engines to the Soviet Union as war reparations.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Own cab production finished before the Winter War begins again in 1955, with the Nalle-Sisu all-steel cabin as the first product.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In the same year, the light truck collection Nalle-Sisu will be presented.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The medium-heavy truck collection is named Kontio-Sisu.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 1959, Sisu's own tram manufacture ends.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Finnish Automotive Industry has also imported Rolls-Royce passenger cars in 1946 and Leyland trucks in 1955.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Sisu KB-112 (1962) is the first European truck to enter series production with a hydraulically forward plastering cab.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Fusion and State Ownership In 1968, Suomen Autoteollisuus and Vanajan Autotehdas Oy merged.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

After the merger, Sisu began using an American-made non-synchronised Fuller gearbox previously used by Vanaja, as well as a lift drive designed by Master of Science Veikko Murose, which was capable of lifting the rear axle when the car was under full load.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

From 1969 onwards, the Finnish Automotive industry also manufactured terminal tractors.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 1975, the Finnish Automotive Industry became a state company.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 1976, a tripartite agreement was concluded between Leyland, Saab-Scania and the Finnish Automotive Industry, giving Leyland and Saab-Scania the transfer of ten per cent of the Finnish Automotive shares each.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Finnish Automotive industry changed its name to Oy Sisu Auto AB in 1981.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 1985, Sisu Auto again became a company wholly owned by the state.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu Auto abandoned the manufacture of buses.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

On 1 May 1994, Valmet's transportation equipment and tractor businesses were merged into Sisu Auto.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu Auto Partek Ownership 2002 and Investors 2004 In 1997, Sisu Auto entered into a letter of intent with Renault, and Sisu Defence Oy took over as a state-owned company.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In the same year, Partek Corporation acquired a majority stake in Oy Sisu Auto Ab's common stock.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Hämeenlinna unit Sisu Akselit was separated into its own company and sold to private equity investors in 1999.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 2002, Kone Plc acquired Partek Plc.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 2004, Kone Oyj sold Oy Sisu Auto Ab to Suomen Auto Oy Oy, a group of investors formed by Finnish individuals and the company's management.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 2005, a new Sisu Defence unit was created to be responsible for the manufacture and marketing of military trucks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

A subsidiary LT Finland Oy was established for the import and marketing of Renault commercial vehicles.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 2008, Sisu won an international tender for timber car combinations to be delivered to Russia; Sisu Auto supplied 91 lumber car combinations to ILIM Group, Russia's largest international forestry industry company.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

ILIM Group also ordered 12 factory-equipped SISU Rock 6x4 earthmoving cars.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

[1] Timo Korhonen period In 2010, a group of investors sold the entire stock of Suomen Automotive Oy to a company founded by the acting management (Timo Korhonen, Olof and Maija Elenius) for the acquisition of shares, Suomen Special Vehicles Oy (SEA).


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 2012, Sisu was selected as the winner of the title of Truck of the Year in Finland 2012 by the Auto, Technology and Transport truck magazine.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu bought back the truck production from Komas Ltd.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In the store, 45 employees transferred to Sisu.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 2013, Timo Korhonen, CEO of Sisu Auto, acquired Olof and Maija Elenius' interests in SEA.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Chairman of the Board of Directors Timo Korhonen therefore owns the entire stock of Oy Sisu Auto Ab alone.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 1951, trucks Jyry, Kontio and Nalle K-50 were put on sale: the largest Sisu manufactured in Finland, with a total weight of 52200kg.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu KB-117 to market in 1963 the first European mass-produced dump cab truck M-series 250px|miniature|Sisu M-162 In 1969, the Sisu M-series was introduced.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Named names e.g.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

“Rivittikoppi-sisu” and “wiener pipe”.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The names were attributed to the cab's large windows and the way it was built, as the cockpit was mainly rivetingly assembled.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

S-series 250px|Thumble|right|SISU SL 190 In 1980, the Sisu S-series was launched.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Different models were: SL: nosed and low-cabin SR: nosed and high-cabin SK: nose roof and low cabin SM: nose roof and high-cabin E-series In 1995, the Sisu E-series entered production and replaced 14 years in production, in many respects already after its competitors of the missed S series.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Renault cab in 1998.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

E11 Cummins E11 Renault somewhere in model years E12 Mack E14 Cummins E18 Caterpillar In 1996, the robust Supra range was introduced.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

C500, R500 and C600 In 2005, Sisu introduced the new C500, R500 (each of the aforementioned DXi13 500 hp group engine manufactured by Renault) and C600 (Caterpillar's E15M 550 hp engine) models.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 2006, Sisu began producing a new collection.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu Rock: Earthmoving truck Sisu Roll: Replacement truck Sisu Timber: Timber car Sisu Works: Road care/multifunctional car Sisu Crane: Special made crane car Sisu Carrier: Machinery transport truck is powered by Renault's R460 and R500, and Caterpillar's C520, C560 and C630.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu Polar 250px|Thumble|right|Sisu Polar Works DK16M K-AKK-8x4/335+140+137 In 2010, Sisu started a component collaboration with Daimler and introduced the Sisu Polar range, which uses a lot of components from Mercedes-Benz trucks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The collection has been awarded the Key Flag and Design from Finland by the Finnish Federation of Work.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Production of the second generation Polar Euro VI model began in May 2014.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The model has been completely redesigned and designed in Finland.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The engines are still from Mercedes-Benz, but compared to the engine versions of the previous generation, there is 100—200 Nm more torque.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The six product categories, which are familiar from the first Euro V generation, optimized for different user environments, are also the body of the Euro VI range.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

[2] [3] Sisu Rock: Earthmoving truck Sisu Roll: Replacement truck Sisu Timber: Timber car Sisu Works: Road care/multi-function car Sisu Crane: Special made crane truck Sisu Carrier: Machine transport truck Sisu Hauler: Heavy duty locomotive with engines Mercedes-Benz OM501LA, V6, 350kW/480 hp, 2,300 Nm Mercedes-Benz OM502LA, V8, 405kW/550 hp, 2,600 Nm Mercedes-Benz OM502LA, V8, 440kW/600 hp, 2,800 Nm Transmissions Mercedes PowerShift G280-16, gear automatic, Mercedes Telligent G240-16 Synch16 Light drive Eaton Fuller RTLO 20918, non-synchronized gearbox Frame Sisun high C-profile C-460 frame Sisun low U-profile U-300 frame Cab Semi-length cab Sleeping cab High sleeping cab.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Traction mode selectable from 6×2, 6×4, 8×2, 8×4, 10×2 or 10×4, selectable with several different suspension and steering options.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Buses from the start of the Ilves bus for sale 1951 The design developed by the military collection Sisu for the use of the Defence Forces for a long time was the twisting body of cars, which ensured good off-road mobility while the wheels remained attached to the ground.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Kärppä-Sisu, mainly aimed at distribution use and as a light garrison truck Proto-Sisu The first all-wheel drive off-road truck manufactured by Sisu, the Sisu KB-45, was handed over to the Defence Forces in 1964.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In the Defence Forces, the name of this model, as well as its various versions, the A-45 and AH-45, became established as Proto-Sisu or, more briefly, Proto.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Classified as a medium-heavy all-terrain truck, the Proto is used as a puller for topping guns and heavy mortars, among other things.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Now, the Defence Forces have been auctioning off decommissioned Proto equipment, which has gained popularity among private enthusiasts.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Due to its small size and twisting hull, the Proto has excellent off-road characteristics.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Many enthusiasts have switched to the larger 14.00R20 tyres, the so-called Mas tyres.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

With bigger tires, good off-road characteristics are enhanced even more.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu A-45 specifications: Engines: KB-45 SF: 4-stroke, 6 cylinder SISU petrol engine, production volume 1 pcs KB-45 BH: 4-stroke, 6 cylinder 7.0-litre Valmet 612D (protype engine, not the same as the newer Valmet 612 in production 1985-2006) KB-45 SV: 4-stroke, 6- cylinder 6.54-litre Leyland EO.400 direct injection diesel A-45 CV: 4-stroke, 6-cylinder 6.54-litre Leyland EO.401 direct injection diesel (103kW/393 Nm) A-45 BH: 4-stroke, 6-cylinder 7.0-litre Valmet 612D A-45 CI: 4-stroke, 6-cylinder 6.60-litre Valmet 611CA Direct Injection Diesel (96kW/420 Nm).


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

A-45 GM: 6.21 litre Detroit diesel/GM V8 diesel engine (116/kW/346 Nm) manufacturing volume 4 pcs AH-45 SVT: 4-stroke, 6-cylinder supercharged 6.54-litre Leyland EO.410 direct injection diesel (110kW/468 Nm) AH-45 CVT: 4-stroke, 6-cylinder supercharged 6.54-litre Leyland EO.410 - direct injection diesel (110kW/468 Nm) traction system: 4×2 (rear-wheel drive) in normal driving, 4×4 (four-wheel drive) switchable if necessary.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

5-speed basic gearbox as well as off-road range gearbox.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Differentials are equipped with pneumatic locks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

winch; mechanical Sepson winch, traction 50kN, wire length 50m, front and rear traction tires; 14.5-20MPT/12PR Curb weight: 5500kg load capacity: 4000kg dimensions: length 6.10m, width 2.35m, height 2.85m wheelbase: 3400mm/3700mm, part of frame extended as new or in case of renovation, giving the space obtained for a short pto shaft between the gearbox and the transfer box to replace the original instrument joint.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Naturally, the overall length also increased by the same amount.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

wading depth 1.00 m ground clearance 0.34 m Approach and leave angle 38 degrees seating in addition to driver in cab 2, load mode 24 years of manufacture: KB-45:1964-1969 A-45:1970-1981 AH-45:1970-1977 Sisu KB-46 was a prototype of an all-terrain truck built in 1968.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Only 7 pieces of the Sisu SA-110 model were produced in the mid-1980s.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Specifications: Engines: 4-stroke, 4-cylinder 4.40-liter Valmet 411 DSJ direct injection diesel Power 110kW (150hp)/2500r/min.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Torque 500Nm/1500r/min.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

or Deutz BF 6 L 913 traction system: Normal running 4×2, if necessary 4×4 switchable.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

5-speed synchronized base gearbox as well as off-road range gearbox.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Differentials are equipped with locks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Portal-type driving wheels.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Tyres 14.00R20 Curb weight: 5950kg Load capacity: 3550kg Gross weight 9500kg Exterior dimensions: length 6.50 m, width 2.34 m, height 2.84 m Platform length 3.85 m Masi In 1982 the Defence Forces acquired more off-road trucks from Sisu.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Sisu SA-150, which received the nickname Masi (Terrain Sisu), was developed on the basis of Proto and is a four-wheel drive.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The most obvious differences are the redesigned cab and the larger tyres, which allow Mas to have a ground clearance of 40cm when measured against differentials.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Masi is classified as a medium-heavy all-terrain truck and in the Defence Forces its main use is traction for field guns as well as maintenance transport.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In 1990, the Sisu SA-151 was introduced, which differs externally very little from the SA-150 model.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The main difference is a pallet 10cm wider.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Mas's latest Sisu SA-130 model, introduced in 1992, features an externally redesigned cockpit as well as a lower-power (low emission) engine compared to older models.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Also, the axles are newer model, they have five planetary wheels on the wheel hub.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Older Mases (and Protos, Rases, Pases, and Civil models) have three planetary wheels.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In addition, the leaf springs are parable-type.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu SA-150 specifications: engine: 4-stroke turbocharged, 6.6-litre Valmet 611 CSBA/DSBA direct injector diesel.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Power 150kW (204hp)/2500r/min.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Torque 695Nm (71 kpm)/1500r/min.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

traction system: Normal running 4x2, if necessary 4x4 switchable.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

6-speed synchronized base gearbox as well as an off-road range gearbox.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Differentials are equipped with locks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

winch; hydraulic winch, traction 80kN, cable length 50 m, front and rear traction tires 14.00R20 Curb weight: 7600kg load capacity: 6400kg Exterior dimensions: length 6.76 m, width 2.50 m, height 3.10 m Pallet size: 2.30 m x 4.90 m seating in addition to the driver in the cab 2, in load mode 16 Years of manufacture: 1982—1991 in the Sisu SA-130 model 4-stroke turbocharged 6.6-litre Valmet/SISUdiesel 620 DS direct injection diesel.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Power 132kW (180hp).


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Rasi Sisu SA-240, or Heavy Sisu, callednamed Rasi, is a heavy three-axle off-road truck developed in the late 1980s.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

From the box there is also a version SA-241, the external differences of which to the model SA-240 are quite minimal.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Engine: brand/model/mode of operation: 4-stroke turbocharged and intercooled 10.00 litre Cummins LTA 10 330 T direct injection diesel (246kW/1260 Nm) Traction system: Continuous 6x6, equipped with separately lockable transverse locks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Between the engine and the gearbox is a torque converter, which acts as a clutch for the vehicle.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Tyres: 14.00R20 18PR Curb weight: 10,000kg Load capacity: 12,000kg Dimensions: length: 7.80 m, width: 2.50 m, height: 3.10 m Seats in the driver's cab: 2, in load mode: 24 Years of manufacture: 1984-1990 SK series for example Sisu SK-250 6x6 MIL Engine: brand/ model/mode: turbocharged intercooled Cummins LTA 10-335 10/ 4-T direct injection diesel, cylinder displacement/propulsion: 10.00 l/diesel, max power/torque: 250kW/1340 Nm Traction system: 6x6 switchable Tyres: 14.00R20 18PR Curb weight: 9120kg Load capacity: 15380kg Dimensions: Length: 8,30 m, width: 2.54 m, height: 3.07 m Seating in the cab in addition to the driver: 2 Equipment for example Hiab 120-2 body crane Manufacture/Supply years: 1990-1993 SM series for example Sisu SM-270 8x4 tanker Engine: brand/model/mode of operation: turbocharged intercooled Cummins NTE-365/ 4-T direct injection diesel, cylinder volume/propulsion: 14.00 l/diesel, max power/torque: 270kW/1260 Nm Traction system: 8x4 switchable Curb weight: 14600kg Load capacity: 16750kg Dimensions: length: 10.40 m, height: 2.60 m,: 3.60 m For example, fuel refueling and transport equipment, Load capacity: 2400 l + 4800 l + 4900 l + 4900 l + 3100 l = 20100 l Seating in the driver's cab: 1 Manufacture/procurement years: 1990-1993 Pasi Sisu XA-180/185 models, called Pasi or Armour-Sisu, are three-axle armored personnel carriers.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Despite a very similar type designation, the XA-203 is not made by Sisu.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Its manufacturer was Patria.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Nasu NA-110 calledNamed Nasu or “Nauha-Sisu” is a type crawler vehicle of the Swedish Bandvagni.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Engine: brand/model/mode of operation: GM 6.2 l Heavy Duty V-8/ 4-T pre-chamber, cylindry/propulsion: 6.21 l/diesel, max power/torque: 113kW/346 Nm traction system: four rolls, continuous dead weight: 5250kg load capacity: 1950kg Dimensions: length 7.67m, width 1.91m, height 2.38m seating in the driver's cab 4, in load space 12 swimming-capable manufacture/acquisition years: 1992-1994 country of manufacture: Finland NA-140 BT Engine: brand/model/mode of operation: Rover 3.5 (3.9) V-8/ 4-T injection, cylinder displacement/propulsion: 3,528 l (3,950 l) /petrol 99 oct, max Power/torque: 142kW/280Nm (138kW/318 Nm) traction system: four rolls, continuous dead weight: 4850kg load capacity: 1950kg Dimensions: length 7.55m, width 1.91m, height 2.30m seating in addition to driver in cab 4, load compartment 12 swimming-capable manufacture/procurement years : 1986-1991 country of manufacture: Finland Raisu Minesweeper, type designation RA-140.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

“Raisu” is built on a modified Pasi platform.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

It has a cockpit booth on top of the fuselage, the middle axle has been removed, and a robust clearing rotor is located in the aft part of the unit.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Various versions of the device have been made for use by ground forces and air forces.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Total length: 9.5 m Total width: 4 m Height about: 3 m Gross weight: 15t Maximum speed: 70km/h Maximum clearance speed: 6km/h Engine: 6.1-litre, 6-cylinder, air-cooled, intercooled Deutz turbo diesel, 141kw, 635nm Transmission: Doromat 874 AM/PTO 4+1 - automatic transmission with torque converter clearing width: 3.4 m clearance device hydraulically operated chain rotor rotor rotating arm blasts or breaks mines continuous four-wheel drive with lockable differential liquid assisted pneumatic brakes, front discs, rear drum brakes bulletproof Tyres, cockpit armored, soundproof and pressure-protected off-road mounting system Anti-aircraft machine gun ET-Series (Eemeli), 1st generation Since 1999, Sisu has been producing Sisu ET model series, all-wheel-drive especially for off-road conditions the intended truck.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Unlike previous SISU all-terrain trucks, this model uses a Renault cab and a near-normal road truck body, which does not have the twisting frame that has refunded the good off-road mobility of previous models.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

However, reasonable off-road mobility is ensured by large, independent flexibility of the wheels.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

This model is made with both continuous 6x6 and 8x8 traction modes.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Most ET models in use by the Armed Forces are equipped with an 11-litre Cummins engine and either a 6- or 7-speed Allison automatic transmission.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

This model is also known under the names Sisu HMTV and Sisu Defence.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Collection: Sisu E11T 6x6 Sisu E11T 8x8 Specifications of the Sisu E11T 6x6 used by the Defence Forces: engine: brand/model/mode of operation: 4-stroke turbocharged and intercooled 10.82-litre Cummins M11-380 E direct injection diesel (278kW/1825 Nm).


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

traction system: 6x6 traction with longitudinal and transverse locks.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Dead weight: 12 400kg Load capacity: 11 600kg Dimensions: length 9.24 m, width 2.55 m, height 3.23 m Seating capacity for the driver in the cab 1, in load mode 30 (since 1 April 2007 24) of the car also exist fire engine and other special versions of ETP series (Eemeli), 2nd generation ETP Sisu lived callednamed “Fly” or “Frog”.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sisu Defence introduced a new ETP series in the summer of 2006.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Generation Sisu Defence ETP series features a Finnish-made two-person low-profile cockpit positioned lower than normal to allow the vehicle to be able to transport.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The armoured cockpit is mine-protected and ballistic weapons protection is also available.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The car has an engine manufactured by Caterpillar with power from 275 to 550 hp (depending on the model).


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The car is equipped with a 7-step Allison automatic transmission.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

In the 10x10 version, the first, second and fifth axes are controlling.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The model series is based on the use of standard truck components.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

All critical components are well protected.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

For example, the cooling system is positioned between the fuselage behind the armored cockpit.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Collection: Sisu E 7 T 4x4 Engine: Caterpillar C7 diesel engine, 275 hp, Euro IV Gearbox: Allison 3000 automatic Axles: Sisu Axles Suspension: SISU Cabin: Finnish-made armored 2-seater cab Payload: 5 t Sisu E 13 T 6x6 Engine: Caterpillar C13 diesel engine, 400 hp, Euro IV Transmission: Allison 4500 automatic Axles: Sisu Axles Suspension: SISU Cabin: Finnish-made armored 2-seater cab Payload: 15 t Sisu E 13 T 8x8 (Called by drivers chameleon or 8x8 alone) Engine: Caterpillar C13 diesel engine, 485 hp, Euro IV Transmission: Allison 4500 automatic Axles: Sisu Axles Suspension: SISU Cabin: Finnish-made armored 2-seater cab Payload: 20 t Sisu E 15 T 10x10 (Leguan called by drivers) Engine: Caterpillar C15 diesel engine, 550 hp, Euro IV Transmission: Allison 4700 automaton Axles: Sisu Axles Suspension: SISU Cabin: Finnish-made armored 2-seater cab Payload: 25 t A bridge vehicle version of the car is a collaborative project with German KMW and Finnish Patria.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Sisu A2045 Sisu A2045 is a medium-duty off-road truck introduced in the fall of 2008.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The Defence Force has ordered 240 of these pieces.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The A2045 is the smallest of Sisu's military-use vehicles.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

It is partly based on technology purchased from MAN, e.g.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

for the engine and axles.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

On 6 April 2018, Sisu GTP 4x4 Sisu announced a new vehicle, named the Sisu GTP 4x4, in its press release.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

This is a 10-seat armored personnel carrier vehicle with many different cockpit options possible.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

The vehicle has a maximum payload of 4500 kg.


Question: Who founded the SISU label?

Sisu Auto

Sources References Elsewhere (referenced 22.11.2008) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Blomberg, Olli| title = Finnish Sisua since 1931: from conglomerate to truck| location = Karja| publisher = Sisu Auto| year = 2006}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nygrén, Helge| title = Sisu on the roads of Finland and the world| location = Helsinki| publisher = Sisu-auto| year = 1981}} * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena Gilbert is a fictional character in the television series The Vampire Diaries.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

She is an 18-year-old girl living in Mystic Falls, Virginia with her aunt Jenna Sommers and brother Jeremy.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

[1] Elena, in the series' first production seasons, is in love with vampire Stefan Salvatore, whom she is dating, but also shares a unique bond with Stefan's older brother Damon.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Later, Elena and Stefan break up.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Damon and Elena start dating, but Elena still has feelings for Stefan.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena attends Mystic Falls High School, where before her parents' death, she was a cheerleader, but dropped out due to difficulties.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan rescues Elena from a car accident in which her adoptive parents died after her car derailed from a bridge.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan found Elena to be just like the voiced Katherine with whom both brothers were in love in the 19th century.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

After rescuing Elena, Stefan followed her life for months only to be sure that Elena isn't Katherine.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

After Elena discovers the Salvatore brothers' secret, her life begins to include more and more murders, lies and supernatural events.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena is described as smart, kind, caring by nature and Elena tries to be positive for her even in difficult times.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

[2] Biography Adolescence Elena was born in 1992 to John Gilbert, who she thinks is her uncle, and 17-year-old Isobel Flemming, who escaped after giving birth.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, the baby got decent parents from John's brother Grayson and his wife Miranda: the Gilberts tried hard to have a baby, but nothing happened so everything went uncomplicated.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Later, Elena learned that she was distantly related to Katherine Pierce, the vampire who once caused a feud between Stefan and Damon.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

On May 23, 2009, while driving home with her parents, the Gilbertie's car derailed near the Wickery Bridge into the river, after which Elena miraculously ended up in hospital.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

It is later revealed that Stefan arrived at the scene of the accident and saved Elena Grayson so requested, after which he also tried to save her parents, who nevertheless sadly perished.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Since the accident, Stefan had kept an eye on Elena to protect her, to keep his promise to her parents.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

It was only revealed to Elena when she was 17 that Grayson and Miranda aren't her parents, but John, whom she considered her uncle to be her biological father.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Season One Elena and Jeremy live with their aunt Jenna after their parents die in a car accident.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

After the death of her parents, Elena split from her childhood friend, first love as well as boyfriend Matt Donovan to start it all over again.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

As the school year begins, Elena meets Stefan Salvatore [3], to whom she feels great attraction.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Meeting Stefan will bring things back to normal order for Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena's best friends include Bonnie Bennett as well as Caroline Forbes.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

For a reason unbeknownst to Elena, she reminds Katherine Pierce, a person from Stefan's past.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Shortly after meeting Stefan Salvatore, Elena began to fall in love with this and vice versa.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Later, Elena asks Stefan to be her date at the Founders Banquet, but becomes angry with Stefan for her hiding things.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Eventually, Elena finds out Stefan and Damon are vampires.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

When Elena's friend Vicki Donovan is turned into a vampire, Elena tries to convince both Vicki and Jeremy to stay away from each other only to be threatened by Vicki.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

At the school's Halloween celebration, Stefan is forced to kill Vicki after he lost his control, trying to hurt both Elena and Jeremy.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

[4] Because of the incident, Elena asks Damon to erase Jeremy's memory of the issues surrounding Vicki's death, making him believe Vicki “left town and that this is not going to come back.”


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena and Jenna discover that as a result of this, Jeremy stops taking drugs.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena is also forced to witness Lex's death at Damon's hands, as well as the destruction of Bonnie's talisman, lest Damon be released from the tomb vampires.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena gets into a car accident after running into a vampire while fleeing Stefan after discovering a photograph of Katherine.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena is nearly attacked by an unknown vampire, but Damon shows up just in time to save her life.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

[5] A pizza man named Noah carries Jeremy one night with pizzas and is invited inside to await payment.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Noah also shows up at the school party and threatens to kill Jeremy unless Elena leaves the prom.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena runs into the hallway as the vampire follows and manages to stab him with pens until Stefan and Damon arrive to his aid and kill him.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Before he dies, Noah is revealed to be Anna and Ben's friend, as well as Katherine's acquaintance.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

After opening the tomb, after the vampires break free, Elena helps Damon save Stefan from a vampire named Frederick and the other vampires who tortured him.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, Frederick manages to knock the stem of the tree into Stefan, causing Elena to give him his blood for him to survive.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan, however, begins to thirst for human blood and steals.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

From the hospital's blood bank, blood secrets from Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

When Damon tells Elena about Stefan's addiction, they argue and Stefan attacks Amber, who participated in the Miss Mystic Falls pageant, drinking her blood and nearly killing her.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena and Damon lock Stefan in the basement in an attempt to get this back to normal.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

When Bonnie's grandmother dies, Bonnie leaves town and when she returns begins blaming Stefan and Damon for her death and is in her feud with Elena as well.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

[6] Elena tries to fix things, but Bonnie says she can't do anything about it. Elena needs to leave her alone.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

When Elena's biological mother arrives in town, the pals repair between them and Bonnie “removes” the curse from the vampire-destroying device.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

The device is activated at the Founders Feast and it is revealed that Bonnie didn't remove the curse after all.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the season ending episode, Damon bumps into Elena (actually Katherine) and the pair share a passionate kiss, however getting interrupted by Jenna.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

At the end of the episode Elena arrives home, after someone has stolen her belongings.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Upon entering, he hears voices from the kitchen and leaves to investigate, oblivious to Katherine's stationary status.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

[7] Season Two Elena goes into the kitchen and is shocked to see John bleeding to death on the floor.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena runs to call 911, at which point John gesticulates that something is behind her.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena takes the knife Katherine used on John and begins searching for her attacker.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, Katherine leaves the house within seconds.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena also remembers Jeremy being home and runs upstairs and finds an unconscious Jeremy who has taken a can of painkillers as well as blood from a vampire named Anna.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena shakes Jeremy, causing him to wake up.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

At the hospital after Caroline has an accident, Damon offers her blood to Caroline.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena doesn't want vampire blood to be given to Caroline, but Bonnie makes Damon drink blood to Caroline so she doesn't die.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

While Elena is alone, Damon approaches this kiss shared by the pair regarding, after which Elena and Jenna have a confusing conversation, causing Damon to realize he kissed Katherine and not Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

While Stefan is watching over Jeremy Katherine shows up playing Elena, however Stefan soon realises the person is Katherine and throws this aside.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Upon Damon and Elena's arrival, Katherine escapes and Stefan tells the duo Katherine has returned.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan is also not happy with Damon revealing he kissed Katherine who he thought was Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Later, when Damon asks Elena about the kiss, Elena replies that she was surprised that Damon thought she would respond to the kiss and willy-nilly hurt Damon with her response.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Later, a vampire named Rose kidnaps Elena, to get herself and her friend Trevor free, swapping Elena for freedom.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena only learns of her own death breaking the curse of the moonstone.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elijah, a powerful vampire and one of the Originals, who is trying to get his hands on the moonstone overhears Elena discussing it.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elijah tries to control Elena's mind, but due to the vernacular necklace is unsuccessful, causing her to rip the chain off and control Elena to tell her the location of the stone, causing Damon and Stefan to arrive to save this.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Damon takes home the survivor Elena with this necklace back, but before returning Damon tells Elena that he loves this but controls her mind to make her forget what has been said.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

After Rose appears to the Salvators and after telling them her knowledge of the original vampires, Elena goes to meet Katherine at the tomb.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Katherine tells her information because Elena brought blood with her and Katherine couldn't refuse because she was almost already mummified.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Relationships Stefan Salvatore Elena met Stefan this first day of school, although Stefan knew Elena even before their fateful meeting.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena finds Stefan charming, handsome and mysterious and eventually the pair start dating.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Later, Stefan reveals his vampirism to Elena's pressure, bringing the pair's relationship momentarily to an end.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Soon, however, Elena warms to the idea that Stefan is a vampire, after realizing this good and decent nature.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

The couple continues their courtship, professing their love for each other.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Recently, however, the couple divorced due to Katherine's actions towards Elena, e.g.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Manipulating Jenna into suicide.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

And even though Katherine was out of the game, the pair stayed apart.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

They later got back together.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Damon Salvatore Elena initially viewed Damon as self-loving and self-centered, a sadistic monster; the complete opposite of his brother.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

The brothers' hostile tension rattles after Elena spent the day with Damon in Georgia.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena begins to sympathize with Damon when she fails to find Katherine in the cursed grave, realizing Damon is just lonely and desperately looking for love.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

A rather close friendship is later formed between Elena and Damon.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

After Elena refuses to kiss Damon, he kills Jeremy who, thanks to his ring, does not die, after which Elena tells Damon that he has lost him forever.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In several episodes, it is also revealed that Damon is in love with Elena, but the issue becomes properly clear in the episode “Rose”, where Damon tells his feelings directly to Elena, then controlling her mind to forget his confession.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Later in season three, as Elena and Damon look for Stefan, more than just friendship is noticed between them.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

When Elena turns into a vampire, a strong bond develops between her and Damon due to Elena's strong feelings before becoming a vampire.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan and Caroline try to get Elena to her senses that she's not really in love with Damon but it's all because of the bond.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, when they find themselves captured at school by the original vampire Rebecca, Rebecca uses mind control over Elena and asks why she actually slept with Damon, and Elena replies that she is in love with Damon.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

They also learn from an old witch that a rare bond of vampires does not affect emotions, only actions.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Damon and Elena start dating after many difficulties and love each other more than anything.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Bonnie Bennett Elena and Bonnie have been friends since their childhood.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

They are extremely close and would do anything for each other.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena loves Bonnie like her own sister and the duo have an unbreakable friendship.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena was the first person Bonnie told her she was a witch.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Bonnie's grandmother guides Bonnie in the process of becoming a witch.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Jeremy Gilbert Elena has always tried to protect Jeremy and even asks Damon to erase Jeremy's memories lest he remember Vicki's death.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the second production season, Jeremy helps the Salvatore brothers try to get rid of Katherine.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Jeremy and Elena's relationship disappears during the series when Jeremy secretly reads Elena's diary saying Damon erased Jeremy's memory when Jeremy's ex-girlfriend Vicki turned into a vampire and was a danger to Jeremy.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Katherine Pierce Elena doesn't know much about her pre-mother Katherine.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the episode “Bloodlines” Elena finds out she looks just like this and at the end of the first season she comes face-to-face with him.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena and Katherine meet with Stefan tortured Katherine to get information from her.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the same episode, it is revealed that Katherine did not return to town due to the love she felt for Stefan.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena knew almost nothing about Katherine until she went to the grave where Katherine had been cooped up and exchanged human blood for information about Katherine's past.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Caroline Forbes Caroline is a friend of Elena and Bonnie, who is somewhat tormented and jealous of Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

At the end of the first season, Caroline begins dating Elena's ex-boyfriend, Matt but is jealous of Elena and Matt's past.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, Caroline begins to transform into a more accepting, kinder person and begins to realize Matt cares about her rather than Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Jenna Sommers Elena and Jenna are very close to each other and Jenna treats Elena like her own child.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, a rift has formed between the pair after Jenna is seen Katherine and Damon kissing and mistaking Katherine for Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

The Petrova doppelgängers 600 years ago after vampires and werewolves inflicted on the Aztecs, the powerful Aztec Shaman cursed them, rendering vampires powerless against the sun and forcing werewolves to change shape only by the time of the full moon.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

The curse-binding moonstone and the Petrova doppelganger must be sacrificed for the curse to be broken.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

The only doppelgangers reportedly alive are Katherine and Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

With Katherine technically dead, Elena is the only one to break the curse.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

The doppelgängers were created as a way to break the curse, with it bound to the blood of a member of the House of Petrova to keep vampires as slaves to the sun and werewolves as servants of the moon.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

If the curse is broken by a vampire, werewolves will have to endure the curse of the moon for eternity.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

To break the curse of the sun and moon, it takes a Petrova doppelganger, a vampire as well as a werewolf as victims, as well as a moonstone and a witch to cast a spell needed to cast a spell.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In 1492, with the first Petrova doppelganger, Katerina Petrova still human, Klaus (a vampire willing to break the curse) hijacked him.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Katerina knew she was going to die so she tricked Trevor, Klaus' servant, into helping her escape.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Katerine was cunning; she knew she was useless to Klaus for turning into a vampire.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

With Rose's blood in her system, Katerine killed herself and came back as a vampire.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Escaping as a vampire, Klaus killed all of Katerina's relatives living in Bulgaria thinking the doppelganger would never appear again.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, Klaus did not know Katerina had given birth to a previously healthy child, who continued the Petrova lineage.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

The fate of the Petrova doppelganger was conveyed to Katherine's descendant, Elena Gilbert.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

As the series begins in 2009, Elena seems just like Katherine's doppelganger in appearance, meaning this to be another Petrova doppelganger.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

It is Elena's fate that her life has been filled with deaths and kidnappings, and by no means the reason for Stefan's return to town.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena is aware of this, and she doesn't blame anyone for what happened.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Upon Katherine's return to Mystic Falls, she enjoyed being transported in the city and wanted to reclaim her life with the Salvatore brothers.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, Katherine knew they had moved on, for that she wanted to make Elena suffer, live in grief and end her relationship with Stefan.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Katherine threatened Stefan that she would kill all of Elena's loved ones in front of Elena and eventually Elena herself in front of Stefan if the couple didn't divorce.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, Elena and Stefan did not want to break up, so they pretended to have separated so Katherine would leave them alone.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, they underestimated Katherine; they did not realize this was always one step ahead.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Katherine pretended to be Elena, removing the verversa from everything the Gilberts and Elena's friends ate and owned.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

He eventually manipulates Jenna into stabbing herself in front of Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, Jenna survived.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

After realising her mistake, Elena broke up with Stefan.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

As Vanessa said, “I can say that doppelgangers habitually torment individuals who look like themselves to end their lives.”


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

However, Katherine had other reason to return, than to make Elena suffer; she retrieved the moonstone from the Lockwoods and prepared to break the curse.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

As his first doppelganger, tired of escaping, he planned to make a deal with Klaus by handing him Elena.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the final episode of season four, Elena manages to solder Katherine a drug that, to their knowledge, turns the immortal being back into mortal and in season five it becomes clear that the substance works as everyone says.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books The Vampire Diaries Elena is described as a beautiful and popular high school going girl with blonde hair and blue eyes.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

He is often referred to as looking like an angel.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

As the books progress, Elena transforms from a superficial, self-absorbed “ice queen” to a more lovable, open person.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena loves Stefan Salvatore, even though she feels something for Damonia too.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Elena dies several times in the book series, transforming from human to vampire and spirit being.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Difference between television series and books In books Elena has blonde hair and blue eyes.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the series, Elena has brown hair and brown eyes.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books, Elena has a younger sister named Margaret.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the series, she has a teenage younger brother named Jeremy.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books, Elena's aunt is engaged to a man named Robert.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the series, she only dates Alaric Saltzman.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books, Elena's aunt is named Judith.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the series again Jenna.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Several features evident in Elena's books have been switched to Caroline in the series.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books, Elena and Katherine are not related, although Katherine suspected Elena was one of her offspring.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the series, Elena is actually a descendant of Katherine, as well as another Petrova doppelganger.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

It's never clear in the books why Elena and Katherine look like each other.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books, Elena and Caroline are enemies.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the series, Elena resembles Meredith of the books in her appearance.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books, Elena dies to save Stefan, Damon and her friend, but in the series, Katherine kills Caroline as her spy.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books, Vicki and Matt are not sisters.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

In the books, Bennett is Vick's surname not Bonnie's.


Question: Who found Elea?

Elena Gilbert

Bonnie's last name in the books is McCullough Sources Category:Television Characters Category:The Vampire Diaries Category:Key articles of screening en:List of The Vampire Diaries characters #Elena Gilbert


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

The rice finch [1], known as the old rice bird [2] (Lonchura oryzivora), is a species of sparrowbird in the family of splendour finches.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

It is a common caged bird originally native to the Sunda Islands of Indonesia.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

Accompanied by humans, it has spread to other parts of Asia, Africa, Australia and the Americas.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

More recently, rice finches have declined in their native habitat and, at least partially, in plantation areas as well.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

In Indonesia, rice finch has been considered a taxing pest on the rice crop.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

Size and appearance Rice finch has a body length of 12 [2] —16 centimeters.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[3] Wild rice finches have a predominantly bluish-grey colouring, [2] but the dome is pink and the tail area is white.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[3] Head, throat, upper back and tail are black.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

There is a white ear patch on both sides of the head.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[4] [5] [2] Strong beak is bright pink except for light cutting edges.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[3] [6] [7] The eyes are dark red with a narrow red ring around them.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[6] [5] The legs are pink.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[6] Several different colour variants have been processed from rice finches.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

In addition to its natural form, it has variegated, white and cinnamon-brown forms, among other things.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[2] Young birds are brownish.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

Their headlaw and tail are dark and the ear patch lukewarm.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

The abdomen is pale brownish yellow and the breast is streaked.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[8] Distribution and habitat Rice finch's original range is the Indonesian islands of Java, Bali and probably also Madura.


Question: What does a rice finch eat?

Rice finch

[9] With humans, the species has also spread as an invasive species to other parts of the world.