Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Of particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, Äyräpää — Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The more than two-division-strong force that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasonen that the Soviet Union was aiming not at occupying Finland, but at peace.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377, according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to the official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On 2 September, Parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland had to reduce the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial losses for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outside, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The British government in principle did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomants' defeat 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Offensive phase Continuation War Resistance Summer 1944 solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel Diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of front men in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology | year = 2006| version = Dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyksi, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

E.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

(ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Drabkin, Artem & Irincheev, Bair (ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with the eyes of the Red Army| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, film about JR 61 on the Syväkä and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, a film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Joseph Anton Bruckner (4 September 1824 in Ansfelden, Austria-Hungary — 11 October 1896, Vienna) was an Austrian composer of the Romanticism era who represented the reformist trend of the late twentieth century.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

He is known for his treasured and monumental symphonies in tone.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

As a composer, Bruckner began to gain appreciation quite late, only after reaching the age of 60, but today he is counted among the greatest symphonicists.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

[1] Life Early stages Anton Bruckner was born in the small town of Ansfelden in Upper Austria near Linz.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The Catholic Bruckner's first musical experiences were associated with the church when the boy's mother took him to Mass when he was little.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

At the age of four, he began playing the violin under the guidance of his father, and later also the spinet.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

By the age of 10, he was already able to play the organ as a replacement for his father, who served as a church organ.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

He was influenced by performances of works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Joseph Haydn experienced at a young age.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

[2] Bruckner's first own compositions came about at just over ten years of age.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In 1837, Anton's father died and mother Therese wanted the children to receive, despite everything, a decent education.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

He arranged for Anton to be a choirboy at the Sankt Florian monastery, where he spent three years.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

After the monastery, he studied in Linz to become a teacher.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In Sankt Florian, the seat of assistant teacher became vacant in 1845, which Bruckner received.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

He initially considered himself more of a teacher than a musician, but nonetheless diligently studied music theory and organ playing.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

After a few years he became the monastery's organist.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

These years saw the birth of his first ambitious works, mainly church music.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

To study in Vienna in 1855, Bruckner made a trip to Vienna for Simon Sechter's composition doctrine.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Studying took place mainly through letters.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The studies lasted until 1861.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner completed a diploma in composition at the Vienna Conservatory with the best possible honors.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Of his contrapunctive competence, the conductor Johann von Herbeck stated: “He should have interrogated us.”


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

As a perpetual student, however, Bruckner next set out, at the age of 37, to study form-learning and orchestration.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In 1863 Bruckner became acquainted with Richard Wagner and his works, which were to become very close and inspiring to him.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's talent only began to show when he was over the age of thirty, and to wider popularity he did not rise until he was over the age of sixty.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Despite his admiration for Wagner, a radical in his thinking, Bruckner was himself a devout Catholic who nonetheless also loved drinking beer.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner, with his habits, often felt somewhat aloof from his other contemporaries.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In 1861 Bruckner had become acquainted with Franz Liszt, who was deeply religious in his manner as well as interested in the development of harmony.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Liszt was regarded with Wagner as the founder of the “new German school” in music, and later Bruckner was also read as belonging to this trend.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The first mature works emerged between 1864 and 1868, e.g.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

3 Mass (e-, d-, and F minor) and the First Symphony in C minor.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Criticized composer In 1868 Bruckner accepted a job teaching music theory at the Vienna Conservatory.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

During that time he concentrated his greatest vigour on writing symphonies.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

However, the works were poorly received and were described as “wild” and “absurd”.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Later, in 1875, he accepted a post at the University of Vienna, where he sought to make music theory part of his degree.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner, on the whole, did not feel comfortable in Vienna, as the central figure in its music world was the critic Eduard Hanslick at the time.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Around this time, the music world was divided by the controversy of Richard Wagner and Brahms's music favorers.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Because Bruckner himself liked Wagner, he fell into the disfavor of the old Hanslick.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

(As Jean Sibelius studied as a youth in Germany, a confrontation was also prevalent, now between Brahms and Bruckner's supporters.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

This led to occasional handcuffles among students.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Sibelius himself favored Bruckner.)


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Conductors such as Arthur Nikisch and Franz Schalk made suggestions to Bruckner on how he could make his works more approachable to the public.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner therefore modified his works based on the feedback he received, but he nevertheless often considered the original versions to be correct and wanted them to be deposited at the National Library in Vienna.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's self-confidence has also been said to have been reflected in the fact that he began composing his next symphony, often as early as a couple of days after his previous completion.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Also, the gigantic proportions of the works inform the composer's firm belief in his own abilities.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Despite the criticism, Bruckner's career also accommodated great moments of success and appreciation, especially towards the end of his life.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The premieres of the Seventh and Eighth Symphonies, for example, were real triumphs.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The crowd even booed Hanslick as he arrived on his stand to listen to the Eighth Symphony.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Among Bruckner's most ardent contemporary-backers was Hugo Wolf, known as a critic and song composer.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In 1894, Bruckner's 70th birthday was celebrated as a marking event and for his final years the composer moved himself at the invitation of Emperor Frans Joseph to live in the premises of the Imperial Palace at Belvedere.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

It is reported that Bruckner received permission from the emperor to hope for something.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The emperor thought Bruckner hoped perhaps for a larger pension or a more spacious apartment.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

However, the composer asked whether Majesty could not somehow contribute to Hanslick no longer berating his works so viciously.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Other musical activity Bruckner wrote not only symphonies, but also fairs, motets and other spiritual choral works.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In the latter, Bruckner's style, in contrast to his symphonies, was more conservative and exploiting contrapunkt.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The most famous of the motets are Ave Maria, Locus iste and Os justi.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner was regarded as a simplicity-loving person in his lifestyle, working tenaciously in his field and humbly accepting the popularity that had befallen him in his later years.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

There were plenty of anecdotes circulating about the innocent and mannered simple Bruckner in his time.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

According to the story, he once gave a conductor who practiced his symphony a gratuity so that he could have bought himself a glass of beer.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's simplicity should not be misconstrued, however.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

After all, the “simple” Bruckner is able to effortlessly create extremely complex, highly developed musical craftsmanship.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner was also a famous organist during his life, who amazed audiences with his concerts in France in 1869 and in England in 1871.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

However, he did not write any significant compositions for organ.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

From his organ improvisations, however, Bruckner got ideas for his symphonies.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

He also taught organ playing at the Conservatory.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

His pupils included, for example, Hans Rott, whose music influenced Gustav Mahler and Franz Schmidt.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Death Bruckner died of heart stroke on 11 October 1896 at his home in Vienna.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

His ninth, unfinished symphony was performed in the same city on 11 February 1903.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner never married, but he proposed marriage deals to many girls.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner was said to have been interested in handling his body, and left precise instructions on how his body should be embalmed.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner as a composer Bruckner's most notable works are considered his eleven symphonies (9 of them numbered) and the three numbered Mass and Te Deum composed for orchestra and choir.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The most prestigious of the symphonies are the fourth, seventh, eighth, as well as the unfinished ninth.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The less frequently played Second and Sixth Symphonies are also good examples of the composer's distinctive style, as is the contrapunctly glorious Fifth Symphony.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner often pits the different groups of instruments in the orchestra against each other, somewhat like the organ's sound narratives, creating a timbre colour typical of the composer, which is precisely organ-like.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner drew influences from Beethoven, Franz Schubert and Wagner in particular, though Wagner's importance has often been overemphasized.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's symphonic style stands out radically from all its contemporaries, as well as from later composers as well.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The symphonies, in anticipation of Gustav Mahler, are long in duration, from an abundant hour in length to almost one and a half.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The opening and final part of symphonies are often both twenty minutes or almost half an hour long and the intermediate sections may be nearly as long.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Many times Bruckner begins his symphony with a quiet tremolo of strings, in the manner of Beethoven's 9th Symphony.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Such lifting steps often last more than a minute in Bruckner's works.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's music is very dynamic and majestic in nature.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The tempo is never particularly fast on Bruckner.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Melodicity is not central to Bruckner's style, instead the emphasis is more on the complex structure of the parts of the works.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Although Bruckner was a reformist composer as a symphonist, his reformativeness did not extend to the structure of works at the level of parts.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

All his symphonies are four-part, in accordance with the practice of classicism.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

They begin with an allegro section using the extended sonata form, followed almost always by a slow section, a scherzo written in 3/4 stroke genres, and finally a finale based on the sonata form of parts.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The orchestras used by Bruckner are also relatively traditional in composition: normal strings, woodwind instruments come in pairs, curve horns four, trumpets two or three, trombones three.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In addition, one tuba is included.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In the Eighth and Ninth Symphonies, the woodwinds are triple.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

From percussion to Bruckner, the sheer drums of spades are usually sufficient.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The last three symphonies have used a Wagner tuba.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Despite relatively modest lineups, Bruckner derives tremendous power from his presenter when he wants to.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Composed for soloists, choir, organ and orchestra, Te Deum provides a good example of this.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Symphonies have no called names except the Romantic Fourth Symphony (the title of the Eighth Symphony, “apocalyptic”, has been abandoned over time).


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The symphonies Bruckner's second symphony, in C minor (1872), did not receive a greater resonance in recent terms: conductor Otto Dessoff characterised it as unworthy.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The audience at the premiere welcomed the work, but later it has willed to be overshadowed by Bruckner's later, monumental symphonies.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The Fourth Symphony was favorably received: at the premiere, the audience applauded after each section.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The Fifth Symphony is decidedly more difficult to approach than its predecessor, but even that is elevated to the ranks of Bruckner's best work.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The Sixth Symphony is less popular, and is clearly performed less frequently than other late Bruckner symphonies.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

At the premiere performance of the Seventh Symphony in 1883, Bruckner received great acclaim.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The critic Eduard Hanslick, who loathed the composer, found the piece unnatural and morbid, but many listeners elevated it in its freshness among Bruckner's masterworks.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Compositional work on the eighth, C minor symphony began in 1884.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

There is no clarity about the source of inspiration for the piece, but Bruckner said he drew inspiration for the symphony's finale from the same year's meeting between the Austro-Hungarian and German emperors in Olmütz, Russia.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In 1887 Bruckner sent the work to the conductor Hermann Levi, who had led the previous symphony.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

However, this did not enamor the new symphony and Bruckner began to become despondent.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

He made a new version of the work, which was completed in 1890.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The 1890 version (edited by Leopold Nowak) is the most performed of the work today, but some conductors prefer the slightly earlier version (Robert Haas's version), with a few passages inherited from the 1887 version.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The first version of the work was not first recorded until the 1980s.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Most scholars consider the final, undergoing the correction process, the final form of the symphony to be thoughtfully improved.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The original version, for example, featured a flamboyant ending in the first part and the trio of scherzo being lighter instead of the adagio-like section of the last version.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The most central part of the Eighth Symphony is usually considered to be its adagio, which lasts approximately 27 minutes.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The premiere of the piece became the most successful moment of Bruckner's career, and critic Hanslick was booed out of the venue.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Also among the audience was Brahms, who took on the piece by applauding the rest of the audience with his standing.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The work was later given an additional name, “Apocalyptic”, but its use today has mostly been abandoned.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The last major achievement of Bruckner's life was the unfinished Ninth Symphony in D minor, with which he began working in 1887.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The first three volumes of the work were complete by the end of 1894.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Composing a mere adagio, Brucker had spent 18 months.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The composer's poor condition delayed the work's completion and when he died there were only extensive sketches of the last part on paper.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner planned to use his work Te Deum as the finale of the Ninth Symphony.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The problem was that the Te Deum was in C major, while the symphony in d minor.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner began transposing the Te Deum into another set of compositions, but abandoned this idea.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Today, only three completed parts of the Ninth Symphony are usually performed, but sometimes reconstructed versions of the work's finale based on Bruckner's sketches have also been used.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

There have been several attempts at reconstruction, the most used, I suppose, John A. Phillips's version.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Although the Ninth Symphony remained unfinished, it is considered by many to be Bruckner's most progressive work and it inspired many later composers.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Multiple versions of many of Bruckner's numbered symphonies exist, which has caused some confusion within the circle of music scholars.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Sometimes it is problematic to speculate which version Bruckner himself considered best.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's music in the 20th century Bruckner's music was popularized in the 20th century by many of the best-known conductors, including Herbert von Karajan, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Sergiu Celibidache, Eugen Jochum and Günter Wand.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's symphonies are quite often taken into the concert repertoire.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The Fourth, Fifth, Eighth and Ninth Symphonies and motets have been selected from Bruckner for the list of foundations of the well-known Gramophone magazine (“suggested basic library”).


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's music was used by Nazi Germany for propaganda purposes.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

As Bruckner was not a living composer, his works could be used to his advantage without fear of the composer's objections.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner and Adolf Hitler were both native to Upper Austria.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

[3] Moreover, both admired Wagner.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

These considerations apparently increased Hitler's interest in Bruckner.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Bruckner's religiosity, however, was a trait that did not fit in with Nazi purposes, and therefore this aspect of the composer was downplayed.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Thus, Herbert von Karajan was not allowed to conduct Bruckner's motets in a concert where Bruckner's Fifth Symphony was performed.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

The slow section of the Seventh Symphony was being played on German radio as the news broke of Hitler's death.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

However, the “Nazi connection” of Bruckner's music today does no harm to his reputation as a composer, because no one can argue that Bruckner's thinking — quite unlike Wagner in particular — or his music had anything to do with Nazism.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

In the early part of the 20th century, Bruckner's music also suffered from limitations of recording technology, due to the difficulty of getting long works to fit on sound discs.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

However, in the course of LPs and later CDs, the issue has been fixed.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Of Bruckner's symphonies, all can fit on a single CD except for the slowest recordings of the Fifth and Eighth Symphonies (though the average length of recordings of these works is less than eighty minutes), as well as a supplemented version of the Ninth Symphony.


Question: When was the moll started to be used?

Anton Bruckner

Key works Symphonies Symphony in F minor, “Rehearsal Symphony” (1863) Symphony in D minor, “Die Nullte” (“0th Symphony”) (1869) 1st Symphony in C minor (1866) 2nd Symphony in C minor (1872) 3rd Symphony in D minor (1873) 4th Symphony in ES duphony URI, “Romantic” (1874/1878—1880) 5th Symphony B- major (1876/1878) 6th Symphony in A major (1881) 7th Symphony in E major (1883) 8th Symphony in C minor (1887) 9th Symphony in D minor (1887—), unfinished Choral Works Mass, No 1, D minor (1864) Mass, No 2, E minor (1866) No.3, F minor (1868) Te Deum, C major (1884) A a cappella motets Chamber music String quintet, F major (1879) Music sample Sources on topic elsewhere (full composition production listed) Free scores by Anton Bruckner at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) Category:Austrian composers Category:Composers of Romance Class:Born in 1824 Category:Those who died in 1896 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper Belt is a zone in the outer parts of the Solar System with sparsely icy minor planets and comets.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Most often, even with large telescopes, objects appear only as small points of light.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Many of the Kuiper Belt sites have a diameter of less than 1500km, meaning they are about the same size as many of the planets' moons.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

It is predominantly behind the Neptune Track.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Consequently, most objects in the Kuiper Belt should be called trans-Neptunic sites.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Transneptunic objects are not generally considered asteroids, but are read, like asteroids, as minor planets.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[1] [2] In the IAU's 2006 definition of planet, asteroids and trans-Neptunic objects were mentioned separately.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[3] It is very cold in the Kuiper Belt, and methane and nitrogen, among other things, freeze there.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

There are a few relatively large tracks, including Pluto, Ixion and Quaoar.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper Belt is considered the starting zone for short-period comets.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The trajectories of many of the Kuiper Belt sites are oval and inclined, and have rotations of a certain fraction stranded by Neptune's rotation time.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

They are thus in a trajectory resonance with Neptune.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

But the so-called classical Kuiper Belt sites, or cubewanos, are not in resonance with Neptune.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper Belt is believed to have contained more targets in the past.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Dust discs resembling the Kuiper Belt have been observed from other stars, although small bodies are not visible to Earth.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The main part of the Kuiper Belt extends from the Sun to the end of 30—55AU.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[4] The actual Kuiper Belt sites are cubewanas about 40—50AU away from the Sun.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The outer part of the Kuiper Belt, the fragmented discus extends over 200 AU.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Objects in the Kuiper Belt cannot be detected by instruments less powerful than a telescope or with the naked eye.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Pluto, previously considered the outermost planet, is also counted as belonging to the Kuiper Belt.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Other well-known Kuiper Belt sites include Haumea, Makemake, Ixion, Quaoar and Varuna.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Objects in the Kuiper Belt are known from about 1300.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[4] The trajectories of many Kuiper Belt bodies are oval and inclined in contrast to those of major planets.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

There are believed to be up to more than 70,000 pieces more than 100 km in diameter in the Kuiper Belt.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Small Kuiper Belt sites are believed to be significantly more numerous than large ones, as the diameter distribution is estimated to be proportional to the fourth or third potency.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

In this case, 10-kilometer tracks will be 1000—10000 times more than 100-kilometers.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

99% of the mass of objects in the Kuiper Belts cannot be detected at all because it consists of objects that are too small to be seen by any telescope.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper Belt is 20 times wider than the asteroid belt and 20—200 times more massive.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper Belt is believed to be the starting zone for short-period comets.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper Belt is formed by small bodies far from the Sun, so-called trans-Neptunic objects that have not come under Jupiter's gravitational influence.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The temperature in the area is around 50K or −223 C. The sites contain carbonaceous organic compounds in a mix of solid methane, ammonia and water.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Many of the Kuiper Belt sites are in what is known as a course resonance with Neptune.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Resonances cause ring-like dense and sparse areas in the Kuiper zone.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Thus, Neptune's 3:2 resonance causes a frequency to a distance of 39.4AU.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Scientists believe there were many more Kuiper Belt targets in the past, but planetary course disturbances consumed the Kuiper Belt considerably.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Outside the Kuiper Belt is the Oort Cloud, extending about 100000AU from the Sun, [4] and perhaps further down to about 100—3000 AU away the Hill Cloud.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Dust discs have been found on many stars believed to be Kuiper Belts younger than the Solar System.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

There's still so much dust in them that it can be seen far away.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Discovery of the Zone The existence of the zone was first proposed by Frederick C. Leonard in 1930 (around the time of Pluto's discovery) and Kenneth E. Edgeworth in 1943.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Gerard Kuiper, after whom the zone is named, suggested in 1951 that there were no more remaining targets in the zone.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

More detailed estimates of the existence of sites in the zone were made by Al G. W. Cameron in 1962, Fred L. Whipple in 1964, and Julio Fernandez in 1980.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[5] Before the 1990s, Pluto and its moon Kharon were the only known Kuiper Belt sites — though the zone only received its name after the first new object was discovered in 1992.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Since then, new targets have been continuously discovered in the zone.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Based on computer modelling and theories, it has been assumed that the demise of the zone around 50AU might be explained by the effect of a piece the size of Mars.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[6] There have also been hypotheses that pieces the size of rock planets could be found far beyond the Kuiper Belt, as the great distance would also make detection of larger objects tricky.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[7] Classification and course resonances the Kuiper Belt distance from the Sun is approximately 30—55AU.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[4] Small objects in the outer Solar System are often referred to as KBO, or Kuiper Belt Object.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The designation is imprecise, as some sites are not exactly, to say, in the Kuiper Belt.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The designation trans-Neptunic target TNO is preferable.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The minor planets in the outer parts of the outer solar system are broken down into the following groups.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

non-transneptunic objects (non-Neptune posterior) centaurs mm.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Hidalgo, Chiron Transneptunic objects (back of Neptune) (TNOs) Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) cubewanos (classical KBOs, not in track resonance) mm.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Makemake, Varuna, Chaos plutinos (3:2 resonant KBOs) mm.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Pluto, Orcus, Ixion twotinos (2:1 resonant KBOs) mm.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

(130391) 2000 JG81 Scattered reel items (SDOs), e.g. Eris, Oort cloud objects (OCOs) Plutinos and Twotinos are in resonance with Neptune.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Pluto belongs to plutinos too.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

2:3 resonance means that the plutino orbits 3 turns where Neptune orbits two turns.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The trajectories in 2:3 resonances of the appropriate type are, according to theories, stable.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Twotinos are 1:2 in resonance.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

These and the objects in the 2:5, 3:4, 3:5, 4:5, or 4:7 resonances are on fairly elliptical tracks.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Cubewanos and diffuse discus Cubewanos, or classical KBOs, circulate on more circular tracks in the typical Kuiper Belt, and are not in resonance.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The Cubewanas have a distance of more than 41 AU.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The most famous cubewano is probably Quaoar.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The targets of the fragmented puck are approximately 44—200 AU away.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Tracks can be very sloped though like KBOs.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The most famous of these is probably Eris () and the most distant.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

It lies on the boundary of the diffuse discus and the inner Oort cloud.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Tracks more distant than sites in the Kuiper Belt are also known.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Sedna and are located in the nearest areas behind the outer edge of the zone.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[8] [9] Birth of the Kuiper Belt The origin of the Kuiper Belt is unknown, but many times the Kuiper Belt sites are believed to be planetary raw materials left over from the birth of the Solar System, planetary paints.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Thus, it is believed that the Kuiper Belt would have been denser at one time.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

When the tracks then collided with each other, they most often disintegrated into dust.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The solar wind blew dust away, and slightly bigger bodies drifted into the planets and the Sun because of the Poynting-Robertson effect.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Planetary course disturbances also derailed Kuiper Belt targets from their tracks.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper Belt attraction is once believed to have moved the very slow pace of Uranus and Neptune to their current tracks.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

As Uranus and Neptune migrated outward, objects in the Kuiper Belt became isolated by their attraction to interstellar space, the Oort cloud and the interior of the Solar System, even as far as the Sun.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Other Kuiper Zones Many dust wafers observed from other stars are believed to be Kuiper zones.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The huge amount of dust in them emits, among other things, infrared radiation.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

About 15— 20% of Sun-type stars emit a lot of far-infrared radiation associated with the Kuiper Belt.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

There are two types of dust discs similar to the Kuiper Belt observed from other stars: narrow zones at a distance of 20—30AU, and wide zones over 50AU.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

[10] These dust discs have been observed from Vega, Fomalhaut and Epsilon Eridani, among others, as well as Beta Pictoris.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

With time, dust drifts to its central star or smaller dust is blown away by the influence of radiation from the central star, or falls on the surface of larger bodies.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Accordingly, someone's mechanism must constantly produce new dust.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The dust is thought to be created by collisions with ice-rich asteroids or comets.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

The ice contains some coal dust and rock dust, among other things.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Largest Kuiper Belt Tracks The bodies of the zone are arranged according to their absolute magnitude.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

NumernameAbsolute MagnitudeEquatorial Diameter (km) Mean Distance from the Sun (AU) DiscoverTime Discoverer Diameter Measurement Measure136199eris−1,2 [11] 2326—2330 [12] [13] ~67.72005M.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Brown, C. Trujillo & D. Rabinowitz Starblanket134 340Pluto−0.7232939,41930Clyde TombaughStar Blanket136 472Makemake0,11426~45,62005M.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Brown, C. Trujillo & D. Rabinowitzassumed albedo136 108Haumea0,41252~43,32005J.L.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

Ortiz et al.putative albedo (134340) ikharon1127039,41978James W. Christystar cover2250882.0 [14] 1290 [13] 66.842007M.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

E. Schwamb, M. Brown & D. Rabinowitzassumed albedo90 482Orcus2,398339,472004Michael E. Brown, Chadwick A. Trujillo, David L. Rabinowitzassumed albedo50,000Quaoar2,6109243,252002Chadwick A. Trujillo & Michael E. Browndirect description28978IXion3,252002Chadwick A. Trujillo & Michael E. BrownDirect Description28978IXion3,252002Chadwick A. Trujillo & Michael E. BrownDirect Description28978267439,62001Deep Ecliptic SurveyTemperature55 6363,3309 [13] 43,12002neatTemperature20,000Varuna3,776343,232000Robert S. McMillanTemperature174567varda3,769245,632003J.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

A. Larsen Temperature55 5653,8698 [13] 47.522002Chadwick A. Trujillo, Michael E. Brown, Eleanor F. Helin, Steven H. Pravdo, Kenneth J. Lawrence, Michael D. Hicks/Palomar Observatoryassumed albedo55 6373,9704 [13] 42,712002Anne S. Descour/Spacewatchassumed albedo55 6373,9704 [13] 42,712002Anne S. Descour/Spacewatchassumed albedo55 6373,9704 [13] 42,712002Anne S. bedo84 5224,259155,522002neatAssumptive Albedo120347salacia4,2 [13] 921 [13] 41,962004H.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

G. Roe, M. Brown & K. M. Barcumesupposed albedo15 8745,4344 [13] 85,331996David Jewitt et.


Question: Where does the Kuiper Belt get its name from?

Kuiper Belt

underassumed albedo Sources elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses is a Christian movement that emphasizes endtime waiting and returning to the roots of Christianity that differs from mainstream Christianity, for example by not accepting the Trinity doctrine.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[1] Estimates of Jehovah's Witnesses membership range from 6 million worldwide [2] to more than 8.3 million in 240 different countries (2016).


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[3] [2] The deciding body of the movement, the nine-member Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses meeting in Warwick (New York), coordinates the activities and practices of the movement.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Governing Body decides the movement's interpretation of the Bible.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[4] In Finland, Jehovah's Witnesses is the fourth largest religious community, after the Evangelical Lutheran, Orthodox Church and the Pentecostal Church of Finland, the largest of the registered religious communities.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[5] [6] According to Statistics Finland's demographic statistics, Jehovah's Witnesses had a membership of 17,979 in Finland at the end of 2016.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Membership numbers have declined by about 1,100 people in the 2010s.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[7] As a religion, Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize adherence to their interpretation of the Bible in practical life, the use of the name Jehovah as the name of God, and the status of their religious community as the only true true Christian denomination.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They believe secular power systems and other religions will be destroyed in the near future in the Armageddon War.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[8] Due to religious differences, the largest Christian denominations do not consider Jehovah's Witnesses to be Christians.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses publish magazines Watchtower and Wake Up! , and they have their own parish buildings, called kingdom halls.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Classification of the movement in Christian theology The religion of Jehovah's Witnesses differs from Christianity in several ways, such as by rejecting the doctrine of the Trinity [9], considering Jesus as Michael the Archangel, [10] as well as denying the existence of eternal damnation as stated by the Bible, restricting to heaven access to only 144000 anointed people [11], as well as believing Jesus returned to earth in 1914 invisibly, this is the current conception, previously taught by Jehovah's Witnesses that Jesus returned in 1874.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[12] Jehovah's Witnesses is a monotheistic religion based on the Judeo-Christian tradition.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

However, according to popular perception, Jehovah's Witnesses are not counted as belonging to Christian movements because Jehovah's Witnesses do not recognize the doctrine of the tri-common God and the deity of Christ.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Thus, Jehovah's Witnesses also do not accept the so-called ecumenical confessions of faith in which these doctrines are defined, nor otherwise the general ecclesiastical tradition of interpretation of Christianity.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses regard the Trinity as an adjunct to Greek or Hellenistic culture that was not accepted as a doctrine until the 3rd century share, and which they say neither Jews nor early Christians had.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses hold that the original Christianity preached by Jesus and the apostles is corrupted in present-day Christendom [13] and that pure worship was restored by God Himself in the late 19th century through Charles Taze Russell and a group of Bible scholars born around him.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses regard Christian churches as depraved, and they dismiss themselves from any ecumenical co-operation with other religious movements.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Christian churches are considered by Jehovah's Witnesses to be the Great Babylon and the Harlot according to their interpretation of the Biblical Book of Revelation.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[14] According to Jehovah's Witnesses, there must therefore be only one correct form of worship.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses use the New World translation of the Bible they deliver in their teaching work and at their own meetings, where the most significant difference from many other translations is the use of the Jehovah name more than 7,000 times.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[15] The expectation of the apocalypse, or Armageddon, is central to the doctrine of Jehovah's Witnesses.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Based on this, Jehovah's Witnesses have been considered eschatological.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Witnesses do not believe the entire planet will be destroyed, but that the current world order, with its nation states and nations, will be replaced by the kingdom of God and the paradise inhabited by its adherents.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Considered the founder of the movement, Charles Russell, president of the Watchtower Society, expected the Kingdom of God to be realised on earth and the Battle of Armageddon to take place as early as 1914.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Although this expectation was not realised, Jehovah's Witnesses believe that 1914 began the “time of the end”.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Later Jehovah's Witnesses have set expectations for the onset of Armageddon for, among other things, 1925 and 1975, and still in the 1980s considered unlikely the survival of the current world order into the turn of the millennium.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[16] They believe that the Battle of Armageddon is preceded by the turning of political powers under the leadership of the United Nations against the false religions of the world and destroying them in order to fulfil the prophecies of the Biblical Book of Revelation.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[17] This is followed, according to them, by the Battle of Armageddon, in which the reigns are destroyed and in which Jehovah is preserved not only those faithful to God, but who have not had the opportunity to learn the Bible's truth about God.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Birth Stages and History During the early 1870s in Allegheny in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States, a relatively modest, Charles Taze Russell-led bible study group began to operate in the area of present-day Pittsburgh.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Russell drew strong influences from the Adventist movement, particularly in formulating prophecies for the date of the apocalypse.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Among other things, he emphasized personal faith, his opposition to organizing into a church-like organization, and the importance that the group formed around him would be known only as Christians and not by any other specific name.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[18] In 1881, the Zion Watchtower Tractate Society was founded and Russell became its president.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The association's name was later changed to the Watchtower Bible and Tractate Society.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The association was formed to publish and disseminate religious literature written by Russell.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Joseph Franklin Rutherford, who was at the head of the movement from 1916 to 1942, got hold of a few of Russell's books in 1884 and became convinced by what he said.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

He was baptized as a Bible scholar in 1906, and later became an official advisor to the Watchtower Society.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Rutherford was elected manager of the club in January 1917 following Russell's death.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In the summer of 1917, the leadership of the movement split, and some of the members turned against the Rutherford line.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The power struggle escalated and as a result independent groups of bible scholars broke away from the movement.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 1918—1919, Rutherford began a worldwide series of presentations called The World Has Ended, but the millions who now live will never die.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 1931, Bible scholars led by Rutherford adopted Jehovah's Witnesses as their name, referring to the 43rd chapter of the biblical Book of Isaiah and verses 10—12.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The name change away from bible scholars liking Russell was one of Rutherford's most significant moves within the movement against those who opposed him.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Subsequently, the organisation has been an independent, missionary and actively spreading religion.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Calling themselves Bible scholars, supporters of Russell's original views still gather mostly in the United States, but the activity is small-scale.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

From 1942 to 1975, the Watchtower Club was headed by Nathan Homer Knorr.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 1943, the Watchtower Bible School Gilead was established to coach missionary workers.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The school is located in Patterson, New York City.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Under Knorr, the community's membership grew from 115,000 to about two million, or nearly 800 percent.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[19] In the fold of the 1960s and 1970s, it was widely believed that the apocalypse would come in 1975 among the movement's members.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The movement's journals and other publications dealt with what 1975 would bring when it came and raised numerous speculations about what would happen in the year then or by then.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The year was considered prophetic and special because Jehovah's Witnesses believed mankind's six thousand years of existence would come full precisely in 1975.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

When the expectation for 1975 did not materialize, between 1975 and 1980 the activity of movement members in the preaching work decreased considerably and many left the movement.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Between 1977 and 1978, the movement's worldwide membership numbers exceptionally declined.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[20] In the fold of the 1970s and 1980s, after the disappointment of 1975, groups practicing independent bible interpretation were formed in the movement's main office in the United States.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 1976, the governing body based at the World Center in Brooklyn was expanded; administrative functions were allocated and delegated to committees made up of members of the governing body.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Today, there is no single person at the head of the operation; decisions are made by the governing body.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Since Knorr's death, Frederick William Franz, as well as Milton G. Henschel, who was the last prominent president of the club, served as the club's “presidents”, or presidents.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Today, the Watchtower Society is chaired by Don A. Adams, but the post is mainly formal.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The most significant doctrinal change of the period was the repeal of generational teaching in 1995.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to an abandoned notion, the apocalypse would come before the last of those alive in 1914 die.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

After the change, Jehovah's Witnesses continued to stress that the end of the world is near, but did not set a deadline or deadline for its coming until 2010. At that time, witnesses began to teach that the Armageddon War would apparently be fought no later than before all those who have lived at the same time as those who survived in 1914 have died.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[21] The activities of Jehovah's Witnesses have expanded strongly even after 1975.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The movement today has 8 million members and has operations in more than 240 countries.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Beginning of operations in Finland Finland operations began in 1910.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Statistics Worldwide, there are 2500000-300000 new baptized annually.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 2014, 275581 members were baptized.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[22] The monthly peak of active declarers is reported in 2015 at over 8.2 million, with 240 countries.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Proclaimers reported preaching work through the world 1933473968 hours.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They ran an average of 9708968 for free Bible study.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[23] In 2015, there were 8220105 active word-servants in the organisation.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Growth from 2014 was 1.5 per cent.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Only active, baptized parishioners who attended word service are officially counted in the membership count.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Members spent more than 1.93 billion hours on preaching work.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

At the commemoration of Jesus' death, 19862783 people were present.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The number of Jehovah's Witnesses congregations in the world is just under 118016 and has activities in 240 countries and territories.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Finland had an average of 18574 active members in 2015.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In Finland, members spent 3069284 hours on sermon work, and 25924 people were present at the commemoration.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[24] [25] [26] In Finland Jehovah's Witnesses is the third largest registered religious community.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[27] In 2011, there were an average of 18710 members.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[22] The number of members has remained practically the same in recent years: in 2014 there was 22 members decreasing from the previous year, and 236 members were baptized in that year.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[22] Publishing Jehovah's Witnesses offer interested parties the opportunity for free Bible study using aids published by the movement.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

For the past few years mainly the book What the Bible really teaches in teaching new ones has mainly been used.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The organisation also publishes two journals.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Watchtower is, according to the organisation's own announcement, the world's largest religious magazine.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Each issue is printed on average 52946000 copies in 240 languages.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[28] In the past, magazines were available for nominal compensation, but those willing today may give a voluntary donation to cover their costs.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Wake up!


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

is the sister magazine of the previous and focuses on current affairs.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Watchtower appears twice a month.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Since the beginning of 2008, one of the two monthly issues is mainly intended for members of the movement and contains weekly material to be studied at the Reich Hall on Sundays.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Wake up! magazine appears once a month.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 2012, the JW.org website was launched, which is readable in over 500 languages and from which witness literature can be downloaded in over 750 languages.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

It is the most translated website in the world (8/2014) [29] In 2014, the JW Broadcasting website was launched, featuring family-friendly internet television subtitled and live broadcasts as well as many of the organisation's videos, music, audio dramas and dramatized Bible reading.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[30] Administration The activities of the movement are highly organized, and its administration is divided into several small steps.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Its senior management is the governing body based in Warwick, New York State.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In each country, operations are run by a branch office.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Finnish branch office is located in Tikkurila, Vantaa.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The branch office is run by what is known as a branch office committee.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In addition, the country is divided into regions whose activities are controlled by a regional supervisor, and there are two of these in Finland.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The regions, in turn, are divided into rounds.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Each round has a lap supervisor who, on a rotating week, visits each ward twice a year of his round.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

There are 17 rounds in Finland.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Rounds are formed by congregations that control the activities of local word servants.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Tour stewards and district supervisors are also said to be travel supervisors.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The parish is run by an elder whose choice is taken care of by the upper stairs.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Each parish has, among others, an Elder Coordinator, a Service Supervisor, a Secretary, Watchtower Examination Supervisor, and a Theocratic Service School Supervisor.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Several of these missions rotate annually.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Based on the Biblical guideline, only male are used as congregational overseers and teachers.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In addition, congregations have appointed assisting servants, each of whom may have some specific function such as responsible for the literature of the congregation, take care of sound equipment and stage, or serve as public servants at conventions.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

All elders are at some point assisting servants first.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Funding Activities Jehovah's Witnesses use money to build branch offices and convention halls, as well as maintaining kingdom halls built by congregations, among other things.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Since the Watchtower Society publishes religious literature, money is also needed for the purchase and maintenance of printing presses and supplies.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Printing in branch offices is carried out by volunteers residing in the branch office premises, for whom maintenance and nominal monetary compensation are provided for personal needs.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Some others who work full-time for the organisation, for example missionaries, are also compensated.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

However, no one is paid an actual salary.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

All activities are funded by donations available from members and those interested in activities.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[31] The Watchtower Society grants loans to individual congregations wishing to build or renovate the Reich Hall for their use.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[32] Until the 1990s, the organisation had a special literary price list in place, on the basis of which, when charged, each parish poster acquired paid literature for his own use and continued to be sold in preaching work.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In January 1990, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of Jimmy Swaggart, a television evangelist selling religious literature, that a tax had to be paid on the sale of religious literature.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In connection with the judicial review of the case, the Watchtower Society submitted a so-called “amicus curiae” petition, by which it petitioned for the preservation of the tax exemption from the sale of religious literature.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[33] Beginning in March 1990, literature no longer had a price list in the United States; the production of literature was funded through voluntary donations.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The practice spread within a decade to all countries where Jehovah's Witnesses had operations.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

The Watchtower Society has not made figures available to the public on its assets or the financial scale of its activities.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

In 2003, the Newsday.com publication placed the New York-registered Watchtower Society in 34th place on the New York City Top Private Companies 2003 list based on its annual revenues of approximately $951 million.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

[34] Former Governing Body member Raymond Franz has voiced criticism of the status of property in the activities of Jehovah's Witnesses.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

He tells [35] in his book Crisis of Conscience about Mexican Jehovah's Witnesses.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

According to Franz, Mexican law prohibited all religious organizations from owning property such as the Watchtower Society, from its main office in New York, instructed Mexican Jehovah's Witnesses to abandon prayers and songs at public meetings and conventions, and in field service for the use of the Bible in order to maintain his kingdom hall under his administration.


Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize in their religion?

Jehovah's Witnesses

They register as a cultural association rather than a religious community, and their gatherings were called “cultural meetings” and congregations as “corporations”.