Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The abandonment of church composers and the consolidation of the Duure—minor tonality allowed modulation and thus the creation of contrasts and tensions in music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The differences among the composers were made particularly impressive by the fact that the tuning system was not even tuned.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The transition from polyphony in Renaissance music to the monody of Baroque music allowed the melody to more freely move and thus the composing of vowel lines that better describe the text's content.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[2] Baroque opera in late 16th century Venice influenced four competing cameratas, or socialites, who considered why the music of the time did not reach the level described by Aristotle in Poetry Doctrine, and sought to resurrect the ancient musical tradition.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Many members of the groups speculated that the choros portions of ancient plays, and possibly the full text, had previously been sung.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Galileo Galilei's father Vincenzo Galilei suggested in his 1602 writing “Discurso sopra la musica antica et moderna” ('The Treatise on Ancient and Contemporary Music') that Greek music had been monodic because of its better commonality between words and music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The cameratas' reflections resulted in a new style of singing, the recitative, which was used for the first time in a work by composer Jacopo Peri, who was part of Jacopo Corsi's camerata, Dafne from 1597.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Dafne is considered to be the first opera proper, but it has not survived.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The first opera to survive to these days is Jacopo Peri's Euridice of 1600.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Other pioneers of opera included the Venetians Giulio Caccini and Emilio de' Cavalieri.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The opera soon spread to Rome, Mantua and Florence as well.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

For the first time, the term opera appeared only in the subtitle of a collection of librettos published in 1647: “opera de rappresentarsi in musica” (A work to be performed as music).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[3] Claudio Monteverdi emerged as the most prominent opera composer of the early Baroque, whose operas Orfeo (1607), Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria ('The Return of Odysseus', 1640) and l'Incoronazione di Poppea ('The Crowning of Poppea, '1643) became the cornerstones of early opera, and are performed still a lot.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In these works, Monteverdi combined comic ingredients with a tragic story.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

With his extensive madrigal production, Monteverdi was an experienced composer of vocal music and was familiar with how to make music and text work together effectively.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He also used orchestras larger than Peri and more varied in tone.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[4] During the Baroque period, opera was strongly concentrated in Italy, and later opera composers of the Baroque era, such as Georg Friedrich Händel, composed their operas in a very Italian style.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Librettos for operas were also often in Italian language right up to the era of classicism.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Still at the beginning of the century, opera under the patronage of a small upper class became commercialised by the middle of the 17th century and spread to new strata of society.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Public opera houses were established in large cities, for which tickets could also be purchased by the bourgeoisie.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The audience was interested in the singers' skilful performances and exquisite sets, often accompanied by spectacular special effects.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

These preferences led to an increase in the number of aria parts in operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Skilled singers became very popular divas who could earn many times more than an opera composer.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

High sopranos, and especially castrate singers, were particularly favoured from the vocal fields, whose supple voices and great lung capacity the Italian operatic style, with its long and heavily embellished melodies, was very well suited.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

From the 17th century onwards, the main roles of men were almost invariably composed for them.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Some castrate singers, such as Farinelli (Carlo Broschi) and Senesino (Francesco Bernardi), emerged as big international stars and concerted around Europe.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[5] Late Baroque opera became the most prominent centre of the Italian-style serious opera opera opera seria in the 18th century Vienna, where Habsburg court poets such as Apostolo Zeno and especially Pietro Metastasio created the prevailing aesthetic ideals of operatic music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Where before efforts had been made to entertain listeners, now efforts were made to educate the public.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Persons of operas began to cultivate contemplations and moral teaching in their lines.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The librettos by Pietro Metastasio were composed by numerous different composers and he was very influential in the opera world during his time.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In Metastasio's heroic operas, conflicts are often presented between the passions of different people, for example as a choice between love and a sense of duty.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Operas almost invariably feature three acts in which recitatives and arias alternate.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Recitatives carry the plot forward, and in the arias, one of the opera's characters describes in soliloquy his emotions evoked by the events of the show.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Metastasio wrote 27 librettos during his career, but many of them were composed numerous times: Artaserse no fewer than 80 times.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[6] Musically in opera seria, recitatives carry the plot forward, and in the arias, one of the characters in the opera describes in soliloquy his emotions evoked by the events of the show.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Arias were commonly da capo shaped (or ABA), but in some arias the recap may have been shortened by omitting the initial ritornello.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Johann Adolf Hasse was one of the most popular European opera composers of the mid-century who, after studying in Italy, adopted the Italian style so thoroughly that he received the nickname il caro Sassone (dear Saxon) from the Italians.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Most of his more than eighty operas have been composed to librettos by Metastasio.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[7] Comedic opera in Italy saw the emergence of many styles of comedic opera such as dramma giocoso, dramma comico and opera buffa, the last of which has been established as a generic term for comic opera throughout the era.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Opera buffa is a multi-act comedic opera, normally featuring more than six vocal roles.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In a departure from the traditions of comic opera in other countries, all lines of opera buffa roles were performed with singing.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Many of the role characters and plot twists are borrowed from commedia dell'arte, a partly improvised Italian folk theatre.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The dialogue of the operas was usually presented as a fast-paced recitative, lightly accompanied by a basso continuo group or just a harpsichord.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The tradition of opera buffa developed a lot during the 18th century and around the middle of the century.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The librettos began to deal with more serious and sentimental subjects, especially under the influence of libretist Carlo Goldoni.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Music also evolved and ensembles began to be composed especially towards the end of the shows, namely ensembles, in which characters from the opera were brought to the stage one at a time while the drama continued.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The ensemble scene ended at a high point with all the characters singing at once.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[8] [9] Another key genre of Italian comedic opera was intermezzo, a short opera performed in two or more parts during the intermission of an opera seria or play.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The comedic intermezzo served as a counterpoint to the serious-spirited and flamboyant main piece.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Sometimes the intermezzas even parodied its excesses.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Among the most famous intermezzas is Giovanni Battista Pergolesi's La serva padrona (The Servant as the Mistress) from 1733.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[8] [9] Singspiel and Ballad opera The tradition of national music that emerged during the Romanticism period was heralded by the emergence of vernacular opera during the late Baroque period in many European countries.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Germany developed its own German-language opera genre, Singspiel, or vocal play, in which lines were performed by speaking.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The subjects of singspiels were normally comical.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In England, meanwhile, a popular form of vernacular opera was ballad opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In it, interspersed with spoken dialogue were vocal sections, the tunes of which were often borrowed from folk music and dances.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Beggar's Opera (Beggar's Opera, 1728), probably adapted by Johann Christoph Pepusch to a libretto by John Gay, rose particularly popular.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[10] Italian Baroque opera among the most performed operas of the late 17th century included Antonio Cesti's Orontea (1656), performed even in northern Germany in the 1670s.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Unlike the operas of the early twentieth century, Cest's work no longer seeks to imitate the tragedies of antiquity, but combines comic and tragic events and is, above all, intended to entertain audiences.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Cesti's opera has already heard all the key features that came to dominate the Italian operatic tradition for the next two centuries: the focus on solo singing instead of choral scenes and instrumental music, the clear differences between recitatives and arias, and the various mixing musical influences with each other.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Antonio Cesti, who was originally a Franciscan friar, composed a total of 12 operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Other key opera composers of the Middle Baroque period in Italy included Monteverdi's pupil Francesco Cavalli, who is known to have composed over 40 operas, the most famous of which is probably Giasone (1649).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The opera was performed for as many as 40 years throughout Italy at a time when works normally remained in the repertoire for only one performance season.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Towards the end of his career, Cavalli fell out of operatic fashion, and his last two operas were never performed.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[11] Italian Late Baroque: Scarlatti and Vivaldi Opera activity had only begun in Naples in the mid-17th century, initially mostly with opera productions imported from other cities.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Francesco Provenzale, who composed eight operas, was among the first Neapolitan opera composers.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He also strongly influenced the development of music education in the city.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Naples's most prominent opera composer, however, soon rose to be Alessandro Scarlatti, who composed his first opera Gli equivoci nel sembiante (Vague Impressions, 1679) already at the age of eighteen.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Scarlatti was a very prolific composer and is known to have composed 115 operas, among others.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Scarlatti's operas are very rich in arias, and their differences from recitative sequences have been taken to the extreme.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Scarlatti was well regarded in his own day and his influence on many other composers, above all Georg Friedrich Händel was significant.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Scarlatti is also considered one of the first composers of opera seria, although he himself used the definition of dramma per musica for his works.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[12] The most important Italian composer of the late Baroque can be considered the Venetian Antonio Vivaldi, who, in addition to his extensive concerto and church music productions, composed over 70 operas, of which about 20 are known in modern times.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Vivaldi's operas are very melodic and it is left to the orchestra only to create a pleasing musical background.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Among the best known operas by Vivaldi are Ottone in villa (1713) and Orlando furioso, premiered in 1727.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Tomaso Albinoni also composed more than 80 operas, almost all of which have been lost.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[13] French Baroque opera Paragons of French opera was a ballet de cour, or court ballet, born in the 16th century, of which, by the time of the 17th century, had formed great acts praising the king.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

A key part in the arrival of Italian opera in France was played by the Italians Cardinal Mazarin and Queen Maria de' Medici, who belonged to the Medici family, who brought singers from their homeland to France in order to maintain important political connections.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Thanks to Mazarin, at Louis XIV's first official banquet, not only traditional French ballet, but also Italian opera was performed.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Mazarin and the Queen later brought Italian opera troupes to the French court.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[14] [15] Jean-Baptiste Lully and tragédie en musique Jean-Baptiste Lully was Louis XIV's favourite composer and served almost all his life in various capacities for the Sun King.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In the 1670s, Lully, together with his libretist Philippe Quinault, created a distinctive French operatic style, tragédie en musique, which remained vibrant for an entire century.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The spread of the style created by Lully was furthered by the exclusive right granted to him by the king to organize musical theatre throughout the French territory.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Lully, among other things, forced his friend Molière to use only music composed by him in his plays.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The operas composed by Lully began with a French overture, during which the king arrived at the theatre.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

These overtures were solemn in style and consisted of two parts, both of which were narrated.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The first section was typically homophonic and slow, employing a large number of dotted rhythms.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The second part was faster and contained fugue-like impersonation.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Lully adapted the Italian recitative to the rhythm and intonation of the French language.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The bass line in the recitative sections tended to be more rhythmic and the melody more vocal than in their Italian prequels.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The aria parts in the operas were considerably less ornate than those in Italian opera and tended to support the arc of the drama of the libretto, not to showcase the technical savvy of the singers.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The subjects of operas were normally derived from ancient lore, and the character characters were sublime and serious.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Operas just didn't have the ingredients for comedy.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[15] After Jean-Philippe Rameau Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, whose first opera Hippolyte et Aricie was performed in 1733, emerged as the most prominent composer of French opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The piece received harsh criticism from Lully's supporters, who found it too complex and Italianate.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Castor et Pollux (1737) and Dardanus (1740), counted in Rameuan masterpieces, established Rameua's position as France's leading opera composer and the admirers of his operas began to be referred to as rameuauists.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Supporters of a more conservative opera, the Lullists, again criticized his works for being acrimonious for their Italian influences and regarded the operas as downright treasonous.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Rameau and his supporters finally triumphed in the dispute as the composer rose to the favour of the French court, receiving numerous orders from the court and the French king couple.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[16] Rameau was more experimental than Lully as a composer, and the versatility of his musical language was particularly evident in the recitatives of operas, in which he boldly used dissonances and modulation.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Rameau's attempt to create continuity between the arias foreshadowed the reform of operatic art later led by Gluck.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[16] In the middle of the 18th century, French opera audiences began to grow tired of the traditional tragédie en musique'en, which in significant respects still echoed the model created by Lully.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The model of Italian comedic intermezzos, particularly Giovanni Battista Pergolesi's La serva padrona, offered a thrilling new alternative to traditional serious opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In the ensuing controversy, dubbed the War of the Buffons (Querelle des bouffoons), Rameau, long considered too Italian, emerged in turn as a paragon of defenders of French opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In the dispute of the opposing side, a group formed around Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who advocated the Italian style, was formed.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

When French opera's most central stage, the Salle de Palais Royal, burned down in 1763, Rousseau reported the fire to have been “God's punishment for poor performances.”


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[17] The popularity gained by Italian comedic operas quickly led to French composers taking to imitate them.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Among the first Italian-style comedic operas were performed by composer Antoine Dauverge and his libretist Jean-Joseph Vadé, who, due to the popularity of Italian opera, announced their first joint work, Les Troquers (Trokarit, 1753), to be a translation from Italian.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

From their works and, among others, Alexander Monsigny, a new French comedic genre of opera opéra comique began to form.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The Comédie-Italienne Theatre was formed as the central stage of the genre.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

German Baroque Opera The first German opera is the now-lost Dafne composed by Heinrich Schütz.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

It premiered in Torgau in 1627, but the development of Baroque music and art in Germany really got under way only after the Thirty Years' War, when the princes of a fragmented country began to compete with each other in the splendour of their courts, generally favouring Italians artists.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

During these years opera houses were opened in Munich (1651), Innsbruck (1654) and Dresden, among others.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In the postwar decades, German culture was also influenced by French Baroque, which, however, it was not until the late Baroque period that it was not until the late Baroque that succeeded in definitively fusing into their own national style.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Hamburg took centre stage for German opera in the 1670s Hamburg, where the most prominent opera house outside Italy operated.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Initially the operas performed in the city were predominantly Italian and French, but soon even German poets began writing librettos for works that soon came to be called Singspiels.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Numerous opera composers also lived in the city, the most famous of which are Reinhard Keiser and Georg Philipp Telemann.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Keiser is known to have composed at least 66 operas, renowned for melodic originality and dramatic orchestration.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Telemann's operas have mainly been overshadowed by his other sizeable compositional productions.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, he is known to have composed at least 29 operas, possibly as many as 50, nine of which have survived.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

His first operas he composed after serving as director of the Leipzig Opera from 1701 to 1715.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Although Telemann officially served as musical director of the main church in Hamburg, he soon was also appointed director of the city's opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Telemann was director of the Hamburg Opera until its closure in 1738.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Subsequently, no actual German opera was composed for nearly half a century.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

English Baroque Opera English composers got their first touch with opera when they travelled to early 17th century Italy.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Influences were brought from these trips to the traditional English preform of opera: masque plays, or masques, favoured by the court.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Mask plays were spectacular performances combining speech, singing and dance, whose subjects were usually emblematic.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

As early as 1617, Nicholas Lanier used an Italian recitative-singing style in his masque play Lovers Made Men (From Lovers to Men).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[18] However, the first English opera is considered to be The Siege of Rhodesia (Siege of Rhodes, 1656), composed by more composers.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The piece also featured a woman on the theatre stage for the first time in England.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The most central English Baroque opera is Henry Purcell's Dido and Aeneas (1689), which remained the composer's only one.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The influence of the mask-play tradition is noticeable in the work.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Although quite small-scale, the piece marked the breakthrough of English opera proper.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Purcell also composed numerous “semi-operas”, which were plays containing “scenes, machines, songs and dances”.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The most famous of these is The Fairy Queen (1692), based on William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[19] Upon Purcell's death, foreign opera took control of the English opera world.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Italian Baroque opera in England After Purcell's death, English musical circles, partly for political reasons, increasingly sought inspiration from Italy rather than France, and soon operas began to be performed in Italian.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Italian artists were also imported, and their professionalism impressed the English public.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Georg Friedrich Händel (or George Frideric Handel) had composed operas already in his native Germany.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He became significant influences from Italian opera after living in the country for several years and meeting Alessandro Scarlatti, among others.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Händel's breakthrough in England came with Rinaldo, an opera premiered in 1711, and he soon settled permanently in the country.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Händel composed most of his works in England, becoming an English citizen in 1727.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Händel achieved great prestige as an opera composer and composed and directed operas for nearly thirty-six years.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The best known of his more than forty Italian-style operas are Almira 1705, Giulio Cesare (Julius Caesar, 1724) and Ariodante (1735).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Händel also composed numerous oratorios, which were performed in the theatre he conducted during Lent, when performing operas was forbidden.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Musically, there is almost no difference between Handel's operas and oratorios.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Classicism Opera Many of the key features of the music of the time of classicism developed initially within the circle of Italian comedic opera in the 1720s and 1730s, as comedic opera was to a lesser extent regulated by tradition and court customs than serious opera, opera seria.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The operatic ideal of the short, set in 1740—1760, Galanti's style was represented mainly by the lighthearted comedic operas of composers Baldassare Galupp and Niccolò Piccinni.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In response to this lightness, particularly in Germany, the so-called “Sturm und Drang” movement emerged, whose works were serious and socially supportive.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

According to the view of contemporaries, the influence of this movement could be seen in the operas of Christoph Willibald Gluck, among others.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

With the renewal of opera in the mid-18th century, many musical influencers began to criticise opera seria, which was seen to have clothed into formulas and distanced itself far from the ideals imposed on opera by Jacopo Peri.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In 1755 Francesco Algarotti (1712—1764) published the writing Soggia sopra l'opera in musica (Essay on Opera), in which he stated that “music has decayed from its former dignity... resulting from a malignant passion for all things new”.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Many libretists, composers and mesenatas were influenced by the opera reform movement, which began in the Algarotti, but Christoph Willibald Gluck, whose Orfeo ed Euridice and Alceste were the first operas composed according to new ideals, has emerged as the movement's figurehead in the history of music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Gluck travelled extensively in his youth, meeting, among others, Händel in London in 1746.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In 1750 he settled in Vienna, where his reputation as one of the most gifted opera composers of his time began to become established with works such as La Clemenza di Tito (The Gentleness of Titus, 1752) and Antigono (1756) composed for librettos by Metastasio.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Gluck soon changed his librettos and the librettos for the first reform operas Orfeo ed Euridice and Alceste were written by Raniero da Calzabigi, whose influence on the Reform was significant.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In 1773, Gluck moved to Paris, where he continued the reform of the opera's form language he had begun, combining the Italian style with the traditional French tragédie en musique'en, among others, in the operas Armide (1777) and Iphigénie en Tauride (Ifigenia in Taurii, 1779).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Gluck sought to restore the music to support the drama.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

To achieve this, he abandoned the da capo aria format and removed from the arias the extensive coloraturia that showcased the performers' vocal skills.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He also sought to incorporate the operatic overture more closely as part of the opera's drama ensemble, as well as to mitigate the distinction between aria and recitative.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Gluck mixed various recitatives and small-scale arias with each other, for example, so that after the aria the music does not end but continues directly with a recitative accompanying the orchestra.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He also used choirs and ensemble scenes in a new way and in Alceste, for example, the choir plays a remarkably dramatic and active role.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Gluck's position as the executor of the operatic ideal of classicism parallels Händel's status as perhaps the greatest master of Baroque opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, Gluck's reforms did not take root in the opera world immediately, but the format language of opera and the structure of the librettos slowly began to change, although opera serias consistent with the old tradition were still being composed in the early part of the 19th century.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The reforms also aroused opposition in their time and many parodies were made of Gluck's operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Operas of Viennese Classicism Before the beginning of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's career, the most notable opera composers in the German-speaking region were Johann Christian Bach, whose works Temistocle (1772) and Amadis de Gaulle (1779) are known to be admired by the young Mozartink, as well as Antonio Salieri, who acted as As court composer of Joseph II and director of the Italian Opera in Vienna.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Salieri was an accomplished and successful opera composer whose works in his time competed with Mozart's works for public popularity.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Although primarily known today for his instrumental music, Joseph Haydn composed at least fifteen operas in Esterháza.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The operas were mainly comedic.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Of the three serious operas, the best known was Armida (1784), whose accompanied recitatives and great arias are impressive.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is considered one of the great geniuses of opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Unlike many other major opera composers, he also composed extensively other music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Mozart composed his first operatic work already at the age of 11, when one act was commissioned from him for the religious Singspiel Die Schuldigkeit des Ersten Gebots (Obligation of the First Commandment, 1767).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The same year also saw the completion of the Latin intermezzo Apollo et Hyacinthus.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Between 1768 and 1772, Mozart composed several operas as commissioned, notably Mitridate, re di Ponto (1770).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After a small hiatus, operas emerged again in 1774—1782 with four pieces.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Of these, the opera seria Idomeneo, premiered in 1781, is considered the composer's first mature operatic work.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The influence of Gluck's operatic reform is noticeable in the work.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The first major success Mozart achieved in 1782 with his opera Robbery of the Seralji (Die Entführung aus dem Serail), which has been considered to have elevated the German Singspiel to be seriously taken as art.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The subject of the opera was a romantic-comic rescue story set in a Turkish harem.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Turkish exoticism was popular during Mozart's time.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, Mozart broke with the amicities of his time by portraying the Turks as human and holistic people rather than presenting them as caricatures, which was usual at that time.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Mozart then composed three comical Italian opera buffas: The Wedding of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787) and Così fan tutte (So Do All, 1790).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The librettos for these operas were in the handwriting of Lorenzo Da Ponte.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The profound character characters in da Ponte's librettos and Mozart's psychological eye elevate these more serious art than conventional opera buffa.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In his last year of life, Mozart composed two more operas, La clemenza di Tito (The Gentleness of Titus) and The Magic Flute (Zauberflöte).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The Magic Flute is a Singspiel in which dialogue is conducted through recitative rather than speaking and some of the person characters and events are typically comic for their kind.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, the work is full of symbolism and musically so rich and profound that it has been considered the first major German opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The symbolism and atmosphere of the work has a lot of connections to the Masonic movement of which Mozart belonged.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The last major opera of Viennese classicism is Ludwig van Beethoven's Fidelio, of which the composer made three versions before achieving wider success.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The first attempt under the name Leonore, oder die Triumph der Eheliche Liebe was completed in 1805, but the opera did not receive the final form until 1814.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Fidelio is a work inspired by the French Revolution and French rescue opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Beethoven also had plans to compose other operas, which, however, did not come to fruition.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

France After the French Revolution, the new powers set about staging spectacles of the greatest scale, which included large orchestras and choirs and featuring works that praised the triumphant nation and its heroes.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

This also affected operas of the era, where choral scenes took on a larger role than before.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After calming down the revolutionary charm, there was a return in opera to the opéra comique.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In 1791, the Opéra-Comique was given a competing stage at the Théâre Feydeau and the houses initially competed fiercely for the audience.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, the opera houses merged in 1807 to become the Théâre National de l'Opéra-Comique.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

What remained the main influence of the revolution for French opera was the expansion of its hobby to include a wider range of folk groups than before.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

A major innovation in French opera of classicism was the introduction of reminder motifs, which foreshadowed later Richard Wagner's leitmotifs.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The discussion of the era considered how an orchestra could anticipate and recall situations in drama.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

It was also suggested that the orchestra could be used to present the feelings and thoughts of persons, even if the character himself was silent.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After the revolution, a rescue opera emerged as the general theme of operas, in which a hero is saved, usually at the last minute, from death or another moose fate from the clutches of some tyrant.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Rescue operas predominantly showcase moral virtues such as loyalty or valor.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Among the best-known rescue operas of the era was Pierre Gaveaux's Léonore, ou l'Amor conjugal (Leonore, meaning conjugal, 1799), based on a libretto by Jean-Nicolas Bouilly, in which a woman dressed as a man saves her spouse from execution.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Numerous other operas were composed to the same libretto, the most notable being Ludwig van Beethoven's Fidelio (final version in 1814).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The most notable composer of the era was Italian-born Luigi Cherubini, who in his youth wrote 13 Italian-style operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After settling in Paris, he became acquainted with the French opera tradition and Gluck's reforms.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Cherubini brought a lot of features to the opera from the side of symphonic music, but on the other hand he was not at his best in inventing new melodies.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Among his best-known works are Lodoïska (1791) Médéé' (Medeia, 1797).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The latter part of the composer's career was overshadowed by his falling out of favour with Napoleon I.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Romantic opera The era of romance is placed in different art genres at different times.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Broadly defined and divided into Early, Full and Late Romanticism, it can be considered in music to have begun in the stages of 1790 and continued all the way to the early 1910s.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The first half of the 19th century was in many ways the golden age of opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

New opera houses were erected across Europe, and the genre of music also spread across the Atlantic to the United States.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Most of the European opera houses were run by impressars, who received monetary support from the state or private donors.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The most popular operatic arias also spread as piano-matched sheet music editions to private homes.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Although libretto and spectacle-like stage technique continued to play an important role in operas, music began to emerge as the most central element nonetheless, and composers rose in prestige alongside famous singers.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Towards the end of the 19th century, opera became increasingly linked to the cause of nationalism.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Topics were sought from the nation's history and myths: Richard Wagner's Der Ring tetralogy, for example, retrieved its subject from German folktales.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The operas of emerging musical countries such as Russia used folk music tunes of the country as themes and sought to create a distinctive national musical style.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Also typical of the era was the re-enactment of successful operas of old, which in earlier decades and hundreds had been rare.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

From these re-performed operas slowly emerged the central repertoire of opera, and demand for new operas declined.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Reduced demand allowed composers to hone their works for longer periods.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Instead of tradition, the unheardness and characteristicality of the composition played a central role.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The opera listenership grew and with them, so did the opera halls.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Larger orchestras were needed to perform new extensive works and the grown orchestras, in turn, placed new demands on singers' voices.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The supple and light sounds that were popular in the past were replaced by stronger and more intense ones that could be better heard over the orchestra.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Because of this, composers also took to composing less ornate melodies.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Opera composers' pursuit of novelty also influenced the librettos of operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Many composers strive for greater realism in their works and to depict the lives and emotions of ordinary people.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Still others turned to exotics like Léo Delibes's Lakmé, stationed in India, or Giuseppe Verdi's Aida in Egypt.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Opera also emerged as two new genres: Opéra bouffe in France and operetta in Austria, England and the United States.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The increasing prevalence of electric light in theatres during the latter part of the century allowed the lights to be dimmed more effectively for the duration of the performance, and in the process operatic culture changed.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Instead of the earlier liberated atmosphere, where discussion was permitted throughout the show, performances began to be followed in silence.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Towards the end of the century, the opera world began to be largely both repertoire and otherwise resembling contemporary opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Italy Italy Gioacchino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini and Gaetano Donizetti developed a new Italian opera style that became very popular not only in Italy but throughout Europe.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Their operas had become the central repertoire of opera houses by the half century and the operas of the Barber of Seville, Norma and Lucia di Lammermoor emerged as the first classical works alongside Handel's Messiah or Beethoven symphonies.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

They also laid the groundwork for the several generations of Italian opera's dominance in the European music world.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Although Rossini is now known mainly for his comedic operas such as The Barber of Seville or The Italian in Algeria, within the circle of contemporaries he was most famous for his more serious works, including Otello, Moses in Egypt and Guillaume Tell.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

A characteristic of the Rossini style was the mixing of opera buffa and opera seria in both comic and serious works.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Rossini's influence on the new Italian bel canto opera style was also central.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

His sparing orchestration elevated and accentuated the song.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

His characteristic compositional technique, the so-called Rossini crescendo, was to repeat some musical phrase many times always louder and often higher to create tension.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Traditionally in opera, stage events and other activities had taken place during recitative parts and the actual arias had usually embodied the reactions of the person characters to the events.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Rossini and his libretists reworked the structure of the opera so that new plot twists and shifts of moods also occurred during the arias.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The plot was carried forward as a continuous stream of recitatives, arias and choral sections, where orchestra and choir also played a more central role than before.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Bellini was a contemporary of Rossini who rose to fame after his retreat from the opera world at the age of less than forty.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He composed ten operas, all of which were serious in their subjects and the most famous of which, besides Norma, are the Sleepwalker (La Sonnambula, 1831) and the Puritans (I Puritani, 1835).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Bellini composed long, ornate and emotional melodies, the most famous examples of which is Norma's first aria Casta diva.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

With more than seventy operas he composed, Donizetti rose to become the top name of Italian opera for the second quarter of the 19th century.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Among his serious operas are best known the works Anna Bolena, Lucia di Lammermoor and La fille du régiment (The Regiment's Daughter), the buffa operas again Don Pasquale and L'elisir d'amore (The Love Drink).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Donizetti's operas often mix sentimentality with comedic ingredients.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He also sought to propel the plot of the piece forward and in between avoided writing cadences that would have caused the audience to begin applause in order to maintain the arc of the drama until the end of the big scene.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After the death of Giuseppe Verdi Donizetti, who composed the first of his 26 operas when he was 26 years old and the last in 1893 at the age of 80, rose to the leading star of Italian music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verdi supported Italy's unification movement, the Risorgimento, and emerged as a paragon of it even to the extent that Verdi's name became a patriotic war cry.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Behind the success of Verdi's operas was his ability to write memorable melodies that sound simultaneously both fresh and familiar.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In many of his arias, he uses a simple AABA format that makes them easily figurable.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verdi had also received a high level of harmony and contrapunkt training.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verdi usually chose the subjects of his operas himself and made much use of plays by famous playwrights such as William Shakespeare, Friedrich Schiller and Victor Hugo.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He was very precise with his librettos and often engaged in lengthy correspondence with his libretists, still demanding further corrections.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Isaiah Berlin, quoting Friedrich Schiller's classification, has stated Verdi to be a “naive composer” as opposed to the sentimentality represented by Richard Wagner.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verdi's art embodied great pure emotions and did not seek to criticize prevailing conditions or depict neuroses.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Stylistically, Verdi's operas continue the continuum created by Rossini, Bellini, and especially Donizetti.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verdi, like Wagner, took opera towards an overall dramaturgical vision and a coherent musical drama, which in his works was particularly evident in the dramatic contrasts of various elements of works, such as sound types.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verdi was more interested in drama than demonstrating dazzling vowel technique.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In a departure from the practice of the era, he shortened and simplified vocal forms.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verdi's operas are rich in recurring themes and reminiscent motifs associated with some of the opera's key plot twists, for example the Curse of Monterone in Rigoleto or a kiss in Otello.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In troubadour and La Traviata, the overture has been replaced by a short prelude introducing the opera's central melodic themes.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verdi's first major success was Nabucco, completed in 1842, but his style does not appear fully developed until the slightly later works of Rigoletto (1851), Il Trovatore (The Trubadour, 1853) and La Traviata (1853), which remain the most popular and most performed operas in the world.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After achieving success and financially secure status, Verdi began to work more slowly, composing only six operas over the next two decades.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He was influenced by French operatic music for his later operas, particularly from Meyerbeer.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The 1855 Les vêpres siciliennes were composed for the Paris Opera to a libretto by Eugène Scribe.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Commissioned by the Cairo Opera, Aida (1871) was set in ancient Egypt and gave Verdi the opportunity to add exoticism and stage spectacle to the work.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After Aidan, Verdi composed two more operas — both to a libretto by Arrigo Boito: Otello (1887) based on Shakespeare's plays Othello and the Merry Ladies of Windsor (1887) and the comic Falstaff (1893).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Italian opera after Verdi, Giuseppe Verdi's influence on Italian opera was so pivotal and continued for so long that other opera composers completely overshadowed him.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The habit of opera houses re-enacting old previously successful works also meant that few operas after Verdi made it to be part of the basic repertoire of opera houses.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Few exceptions were Pietro Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana (1890) and Ruggero Leoncavallo's I Pagliacci (Pajatso, 1892).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Both belonged to a new verism-style direction that corresponded to literary realism.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Verist opera sought to portray ordinary people of lower social classes in everyday situations.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After Verdi's death, Giacomo Puccini, who composed his first opera as early as 1884, rose to become a key Italian opera composer.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, it was not until his third opera, Manon Lescaut (1893), that elevated the composer to international fame.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Puccini created his own musical style that combined Verdi's melody-centricity with the Wagnerian use of leitmotifs () and gave the orchestra a greater role in creating a musical continuum.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In Puccini's works, arias, choral sections, and group scenes are usually part of a musical continuum rather than their own separate numbers.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The scene structure, followed by Rossini and Verdi, has been superseded by a melting flux of different-tempo and atmospheric sections.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Puccini also blurred the line between recitative and aria.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Puccini's next operas La bohème (1896) and Tosca (1900) were veristic in their subjects and music-dramatic treatment, though more romantic and sentimental than, for example, Leoncavallo's La bohème (1897).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In his later works Madama Butterfly (1904), La fanciulla del West (The Girl of the West, 1910), and Turandot, left unfinished (1926), Puccini placed the events in exotic countries: Japan, the Wild West, and historic China.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In Madama Butterfly, for example, Puccini also made some use of arrangements of authentic Japanese themes and sought to compose Japanese-sounding melodies.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

According to Mosco Carner, Puccini was “an unsurpassed master at that most proprietary level on which erotic passion, sensuality, tenderness, pathos and destiny meet and merge”.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The drama of Puccini's operas is driven first and foremost by passionate emotions and the central character is usually the ever-suffering, pure-soured soprano who often falls into the socially inferior class.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The key anti of Puccini's music is its orderly melodics, with which the composer manages to quickly create a sense of persons and emotional states.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He also often doubles, triplets, or even quadruples the vowel line on instruments.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In his use of harmonies, Puccini was also ahead of his other Italian contemporaries and he bravely uses, among other things, overrising three-chords, parallel quints and unwinding dissonances.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Since the turn of the century, size tone scales, bitonality and bare quarrels can also be found in Puccini's production.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Germany German Romantic opera had its roots in the Singspiel tradition of the linguistic region, to which composers brought French romantic features while nevertheless emphasizing many national features.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The general German custom of the era was to take the subjects of operas from medieval legends and fairy tales and the stories often had powerful supernatural forces and themes.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The character characters in the stories represent not only individuals but also both good and evil superhuman powers.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

German opera differed sharply from the Italian and French opera of its time specifically by giving the story's physical and spiritual background a central meaning.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Musical characteristics of German opera were the use of simple melodies similar to a folk tune and increased chromaticism in harmony.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The central work of early German romantic opera is Carl Maria von Webern's Der Freischütz (The Magic Shooter, 1821), which was revolutionary both for its audacious orchestration and harmonies, and in placing at the centre of the drama the ordinary people who sang and narrated on stage for their fears and loves.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After the Magic Shooter also performed well in London's Covent Garden, a new opera was commissioned from Weber.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Premiered in 1823, Oberon remained Weber's final opera after the composer died of pneumonia just a little over a month after its premiere.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Germany had not developed an opera industry similar to that in Italy and thus the maintenance of tradition was on a few individuals.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After Webern's death, no major opera was composed in German for nearly a generation, although both Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann attempted to compose them.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Both had trouble finding valid librettos.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Richard Wagner Richard Wagner began composing operas in the early 1830s while he worked for opera societies in southern Germany and Latvia.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After three works left unfinished, the first opera to be completed was Die Feen (Fairies, 1833), based on a fairy tale play, which, however at the composer's own request, did not receive its premiere performance until the latter died in 1895.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

For the years 1839—1842, Wagner lived in Paris, working as a newspaperman while trying to get his operas performed.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, he was unsuccessful in this despite the help he received from Meyerbeer.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Returning to Germany in 1842, the Rienzi premiered in Dresden, der letzte der Tribunen achieved great popularity as did Der fliegende Holländer (The Flying Dutchman), presented the following year.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wagner supported the republican uprising in Dresden of 1848—1849 and was therefore forced to go into lengthy exile in Switzerland.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

During the years spent in Switzerland, Wagner focused on composing the massive Der Ring des Nibelungen tetralogy (the Nibelung ring) and bringing his key views on music into literary form.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In 1864, Wagner found his patron Louis II, King of Bavaria, who paid the composer's debts, granted him a monthly grant, and supported productions of Wagner's operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Under the cover of Louis II, the operas Tristan und Isolde (Tristan and Isolde, 1865), Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (Master Singers of Nuremberg, 1868), and Der Ring's first two works Das Rheingold (Rhinelty,1869) and Die Walküre (Valkyria,1870) were premiered.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In 1870 Wagner began construction work on the Bayreuth Opera House and in 1876 the first opera festival was held there, where Der Ring in its entirety was performed for the first time.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

At another festival in 1882, Wagner's last remaining work Parsifal was premiered.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In addition to his compositional work, Wagner also produced a sizeable amount of literary production dealing not only with arts and culture but also social, political and racial issues.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

His literary production combines, in a contradictory way, a high-flying aesthetic and philosophical outlook with crude attacks on Jews in particular.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Based on Wagner's works, its own quasi-religion-like Wagnerism emerged, forms of which ranged from vegetarianism to a certain kind of artistic ideal.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In his essay Das Kunstwerk der Zukunft (The Art of the Future), Wagner introduced the concept of a unified artwork (), by which he described a work created by the people, stepping into the middle of the public arena and political life.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

There is also no boundary between the performers and the audience and in it music dance and poetry reached their “original connection” again.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[20] In his essay “Oper und Drama” (1851), Wagner, in turn, criticized the idea of absolute music, holding that music should be determined by language and stage action.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Central to the new style Wagner created was the fusion of arias and recitatives into an unbroken stream of music from which individual passages can often be indistinguishable from the whole.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In the works of Wagner's mature period, the music doesn't break until the show changes.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In keeping with the idea of the Gesamtkunstwerk, the composer sought to create, rather than Italian number-opera, art that the audience would watch attentively throughout the piece.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

One of Wagner's key inventions reforming the form of opera was the introduction of leitmotifs ().


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Even earlier French opera had admittedly used recally-motifs at certain strategic moments, but Wagner took the technique much further.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The music of the whole piece was formed from a weft of various leitmotifs.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Persons, objects, thoughts and ideas were associated with some musical theme that was heard in music whenever that thing was performed on stage.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wagner's themes were still often derived from one another and their interrelationships and variations also carried the drama forward.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wagner was also a great reformer of Western music, and especially its handling of harmonies.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

He used a rich variety of dissonant chords, which he could decode in very non-traditional ways.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The Tristan and Isolde opera and its first chord, the so-called Tristan chord, was particularly relevant in this regard.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

At Der Ring, Wagner, on the other hand, developed the orchestration technique, particularly for brass sequences.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wagner composed quite a few operas, but spent years preparing and honing his works.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Despite this, Wagner's position in the German opera world of the late 19th century was completely transcendent and, in fact, no other composer's works from that period have remained in the permanent repertoire of opera houses.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

More has also been written about Wagner than about any other composer.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wagner's artistic ideas also influenced beyond opera and music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Poets such as Paul Verlaine and Stéphane Mallarmé brought influences to the poetry of the Symbolist school from his Leitmotiv and his use of symbols.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

On the visual arts side, the Wagnerist interest in legends and symbols was embodied by Gustav Klimt, among others.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wagner's anti-Semitic ideas also gained support, and Wagner later became the most important composer of the cultural life of Nazi Germany.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wagner and Nazism is still so strong in the minds of some people to this day that his music is hardly performed in Israel.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[21] Thomas Mann in his essay Leiden und Grösse Richard Wagners elevated Wagner to a symbol of the entire nineteenth century when he wrote: German opera of late romanticism German musical life was polarised after Wagner died into two camps: the group centered around Wagner, who strive to compose program music and advocates of absolute music led by Johannes Brahms.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The leading figure in German opera was Richard Strauss, who was part of the previous group, who, in addition to his compositional work, was a famous conductor.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Strauss did not initially appreciate Wagner's music, but after acquainting himself with it for his conductor duties, his view changed.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wagner's influence is easily heard in Strauss's first opera Guntram (1894), which nevertheless did not achieve much success.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Strauss's next opera Feuersnot (“The Lack of Fire”, 1901) was more successful, but was met with moral disapproval for the humour it contained.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Yet the real storm of objections was set in motion with Salome (1905), based on Oscar Wilde's play, whose dance of seven veils has shrugged off in the very last few years with its nudity.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

[22] The opera's music was also unheard of atonal.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In Salome, and also in the subsequent Elektra (1909), the orchestra plays a very central part and are almost symphonic in nature.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The librettos for Elektra and most of Strauss's later works were written by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, who was a well-respected and well-known writer in his day.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Elektra's raw atonality and the monstrosity of the protagonist has made it elusive and it has not risen in popularity to the level of other works of the composer, although technically it can be considered to be one of his top performances.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Strauss's next opera, Der Rosenkavalier (The Rose Knight, 1910), was a return to more traditional harmonies and referred more to Mozart's classicism than to the later Schönbergian atonality of which there are already references in Elektra.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The Rose Knight was a great success and is still one of the most performed operas in the world.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Other opera composers of Strauss's contemporaries included Richard Wagner's son Siegfried Wagner, who composed 18 mainly fairytale themed operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, Siegfried was not considered to reach the level of his father and his works are generally forgotten.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The Singspiel Hänsel und Gretel (Hansel and Gretel, 1893), based on Engelbert Humperdinck's fairy tale of the Brothers Grimm, on the other hand, is still shown.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Composed as a strong objection to the modernism of Strauss and other composers by Hans Pfitzner, Palestrina (1917), the opera tells the famous, if at least partly unhistorical, story of the genesis of the Missa Papae Marcelli work.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Missa Papae Marcelli is reported to have influenced the decision taken by the Catholic Church at the Trento Ecclesiastical Conference to adopt polyphonic music at worship services.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Their own distinctive group in the early part of the 20th century was a group of composers with both German and Italian lineages and bravely combined the operatic traditions of both countries.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

These composers included, among others, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari and, above all, Ferruccio Busoni, whose most notable work is Doktor Faust (Doctor Faustus, 1925).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

France In France, opera remained the most prestigious genre of composition throughout the 19th century and from the time of Jean-Baptiste Lully the centre of French opera had been Paris.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

During the Revolution, earlier legislation had been repealed and anyone was given the right to establish opera houses and perform operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

During the Napoleonic period, the performance of opera was restricted again and only three opera houses were allowed to operate.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The most prestigious of these opera halls, the Opéra focused on tragic works, among them re-performances of Christoph Willibald Gluck's operas and French versions of foreign works such as Mozart's operas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Performances at the Opéra-Comique used spoken lines rather than recitative and the Théâtre Italien performed Italian-language operas: new and old ones composed in France, for example, Mozart's works.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The grand opéra after Napoleon's overthrow was restored to France with the ascension of Louis XVI to the throne, and a new theatre was built at the Opéra and Rossini himself took over the leadership of the Théâtre Italien.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, with the July Revolution, the monarchy's support for opera began to wane and opera began to be made increasingly for the prosperous middle class.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

This led to the development of a new genre of opera in Paris, the grand opéra, which sought to provide spectacular-like entertainment to a new audience.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

As much ballet, choral and mass scenes as possible were added to the librettos of the operas, as well as spectacular stage technique and the middle class were sought to woo by portraying the aristocracy as often mean and their opponents virtuous.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The first grand opéros are considered to be Rossini's Guillame Tell and Auber's La muette de Portic, which dealt with the farmworker revolt that took place in the 17th century.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The 1830 performance of La muette de Portic in Brussels made such an impression on the audience that it started a riot in the theatre that eventually led to Belgian independence.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Alongside the grand opéra, comedic operas were still composed and performed extensively in France, using spoken dialogue instead of recitative.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The Opéra Comique was also generally more small-scale and less solemn.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The libretist Eugène Scribe and composer Giacomo Meyerbeer, whose joint operas Robert le diable (The Devil Robert, 1831) and Les Huguenots (1836) have emerged as major contributors to the grand opéra.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Meyerbeer was born into an early German-Jewish family in Berlin, where he was identified as a child genius in piano playing.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Before moving to France, he spent 19 years as an opera composer in Italy, where he also Italianized his given name (originally Jakob).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Due to this background, he had extensive mastery of different styles of music of the era.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Meyerbeer's Grand operas gained numerous admirers and impersonators in the circle of other composers and in the works of Jacques Fromental Halévy and later Donizetti and Giuseppe Verdi, among others Don Carlos and Les Vêpres siciliennes, is audible for his influence.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Particularly relevant Meyerbeer's influence was on Richard Wagner, whose Rienzi is a style-pure grand opéra and whose later works have drawn much influence from Les Huguenots.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The grand opéra remained the most central stylistic direction of French operatic life until Meyerbeer's L'Africaine (1865) and Verdi's Don Carlos (1867), composed for the Paris Opera, but after this its popularity began to decline and it became mixed with other stylistic directions of serious opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Opéra lyrique During the Romanticism period, a new genre developed from the Opéra Comique towards the end of the 19th century, which was named after the Théâtre Lyrique in Paris, founded in 1851.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Lyrical opera was, in form and scale, an intermediate form between traditional French comedic opera and grand opéra, whose subjects tended to be romantic.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The tradition of lyrical opera sought to combine Wagnerian continuous melody with traditional French opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The most central composers of the Opéra lyrique' were Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet and Léo Delibes.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Charles Gounod's real breakthrough after more successful works was Faust (1859), which, thanks to its fine melodies and colourful orchestration, became one of the most performed operas in the world: by 1934 it had already been performed 2000 times.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Although Gounod was sometimes criticized for his new style, soon other French composers began to compose in the same style.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Georges Bizet was the next major reformer of French opera, bringing to it a bolder use of harmonies and rhythmic freedom.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

As a youth, he studied under Gounod, among others, and his works are clearly audible in his works, in addition to the influences of Verdi and Meyerbeer.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The opera Les pêcheurs de perles (The Pearl Fishermen, 1863) is considered to be the best work of Bizet's early production.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, the composer's greatest success was Carmen (1875), currently one of the most performed operas in the world throughout the ages.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In time, however, Carmen was considered a fiasco and immoral due to, among other things, its powerful and independent female protagonist and its handling of the “realistic” subject matter.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Carmen is a rich, vibrantly rhythmic opera in its melodies, to which Bizet added exotic colour from Spanish folk music through, among other things, famous episodes of habanera and seguedilla.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Bizet's exotism was continued by Léo Delibes, who composed mainly single-act opera comiques and operettas.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In his more serious opera Lakmé (1883), he was set in India and its protagonist is a bramine princess who falls in love with an English officer.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After Bizet's death, Jules Massenet, whose breakthrough work, Le roi de Lahorre (The King of Lahorre, 1877), emerged as a key composer of French opera.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Manon (1884) is lighter than Puccini's opera of the same theme and contains much beautiful music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Massenet was the last prolific French opera composer to compose 26 operas in his career, in addition to other compositional works, which include oratorios, cantatas and ballets, among others.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Massenet was also more successful than earlier French opera composers in melding Wagnerian elements into their own personal style, the key features of which were beautiful, broad-arched melodies, simple but expressive orchestration, and the use of harmonies.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After Massenet's death, however, his works quickly fell into oblivion to be rediscovered only more than half a century later.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Russia The first permanent opera was established in the Russian Empire as early as 1736 at the court of St. Petersburg and it performed its first opera in Russian as early as 1755.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, until the 19th century, singers and composers of opera were predominantly foreigners.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

With the emergence of nineteenth-century nationality ideas, Russian artists, in the national romantic spirit, sought to create new stigmatized Russian art.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The first Russian composer to reach international level was Mikhail Glinka, whose patriotic, perhaps even propagandistic, Life for the Tsar (Жизнь за царя, Žizn za tsarja, 1836) was the first opera performed throughout Russian.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Life for the Tsar, as well as Glinka's second opera based on Aleksandr Pushkin's poem Ruslan and Lyudmila (Руслан и Людмила, Ruslan i Lyudmila, 1842) already contain several later features of Russian music, such as the use of modal scales and the use of Russian borrowing folk music tunes and striving for folk music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Glinka's tradition of Russian opera was continued by Aleksandr Dargomyžski, who in his first operas had been influenced by the French Grand opéra.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Left unfinished and finished by Nikolai Rimski-Korsakov, The Stone Guest (Каменный гость, Kamennyi gost, 1872) was musically experimental: it used bold harmonies, modulations and had no compositional genres at all.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Aleksandr Serov's great paragon was Richard Wagner, though his operas Judith (1863) and Rogneda (1865) bore more resemblance to a Mayerbeer grand opéra than Wagner's overall works of art.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

“A mighty little group” After the middle of the 19th century, Russian musical life burst into its heyday due to the establishment of conservatories in Saint Petersburg and Moscow.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

With the advent of educational institutions, the professionalism of Russian musicians and composers rose to a new level and laid the foundation for a strong tradition of art music that still persists in Russia.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The nationalist “mighty little group” formed by Mili Balakirev, César Cui, Aleksandr Borodin, Modest Musorgskii and Nikolai Rimski-Korsakov sought to create new truly Russian music in Glinka's footsteps.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Among the members of the group, Nikolai Rimski-Korsakov was a particularly prolific opera composer with a total of fifteen operas, the most famous of which are Sadko (Садко, 1896), The Tale of Tsar Saltan (Сказка о царе Салтане, Skazka o tsare Saltane, 1900) and Golden Rooster (Золототане Zolotoi petušok, 1909 ).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In addition to his own works, Rimski-Korsakov also finished the opera Prince Igor of Borodin, orchestrated in part by Cuin in addition to William Ratcliff's previously mentioned Flintstone Guest.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

However, Modest Musorgski rose to become Five's most prominent opera composer, although most of his operatic projects remained unfinished.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The milestone of Russian opera Boris Godunov (Борис Годунов, 1869) also went through numerous revisions before reaching its final form.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

It was not presented for the first time until 1874 due, among other things, to problems with sensor authorities.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

After Musorgsky's death from alcoholism at just 42 years old, Rimski-Korsakov edited the act to remove his friend's “clumsiness”.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Subsequently, however, more work began to be performed.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Over the course of the 20th century, appreciation for Musorgski's original dark-tone orchestration has risen.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Of Musorgsky's second historical opera, Hovanshchina (Хованщина), there was only a piano double ready when the composer died, and even that was finished for the premiere by Rimski-Korsakov.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Dmitry Shostakovich later devised a new instrument thought to be closer to the composer's original purpose.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Pyotr Tchaikovsky as an apparent counterweight to the National Romantic vision represented by “The Mighty Little Group” in the late 19th century was Pyotr Tchaikovsky, although this was highly regarded by Mili Balakirev and was also very national-minded.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Tchaikovsky was the first Russian composer to have received a fully vocational training, which was contributing to his stigma as a “supporter of Western influences”.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Tchaikovsky's two most important operatic works are based on works by Aleksandr Pushkin.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Among these, Yevgeny Onegin (Евгений Онегин, 1879) contains folk musical ingredients and intricately associates different compositions with character figures and emotions.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The Lady of Spades (Пиковая дама, Pikovaya dama, 1890) was set in Catherine the Great's Russia and borrows music from that era.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Before the revolution, the most notable opera composers were Sergei Taneyev, Sergei Rachmaninov and Igor Stravinsky.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Overshadowed by Rachmaninoff's other production, Francesca da Rimini (1906) was influenced by Italian verism.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Before going abroad, Stravinsky composed the opera Nightingale (1914), in which the composer's modern take was already noticeable, especially with regard to musical dramatics.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Twentieth century opera during the twentieth century, like other art music, developed in different directions, and therefore the development of opera can be viewed primarily through individual composers and works, since with opera the form language was no longer uniform.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Over the course of the century, composers created new operatic art through a variety of means different from the other.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The operas composed at the beginning of the century were even more tonal and the tonal language more coherent, but in 20th-century music, innovations in tone systems, rhythm and form came to colour opera art as well.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

German-language opera The development course in German music from Webern's Magic Shooter to Strauss's Elektra culminated in Arnold Schönberg's music, in which the composer completely abandoned the Duur molitonality that had dominated music for 300 years.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Her early musical drama Erwartung (“Waiting”, 1909) for soprano and orchestra is the story of a woman waiting to be loved in a dark forest.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

It received a continuation with works Die Glückliche Hand (“The Happy Hand”, 1913), Von heute auf Morgen (“Since This Morning”, 1930) and, left unfinished, with an opera Moses and Aaron (Moses und Aron).


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

In the latter two operas in particular, Schönberg used a new twelve-tone system he developed.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The Moses and Aaron opera is considered one of the key operatic works of 20th century music.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

The contributions of Moses in opera are what is known as speech singing (Sprechgesang), in which only summary pitches are produced in the singing voice, but not actually sung.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

For an unknown reason, Schönberg never composed the third act of the opera, although the libretto for it had been written.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Wozzeck (1925), the first operatic work of Schönberg's pupil Alban Berg, is a character work of expressionist opera and operatic art throughout the 20th century, based on a play by Georg Büchner.


Question: How many works has Sergei Rachmaninov composed?

History of opera

Opera is neither purely atonal nor dodecaphonic, although atonality and dodecaphony are used in the work as efficacy as well as the speech song developed by Schönberg.