Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

His earthworm studies were groundbreaking, though some of his views can already be ignored in the present day.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He found, for example, that earthworms respond to light and music even though they don't have eyes or ears.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

On 7 September in 1881, Darwin completed his will.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Six months later it became enforced when Darwin died in his home village of Downe, County Kent, on 19 April 1882.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[111] He was initially going to be buried in Downe's St Mary Cemetery, but at the request of Darwin's associates a state funeral was given for him.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin was eventually buried in Westminster Abbey in the vicinity of James Maxwell, John Herschel and Isaac Newton.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[111] [112] Personal photo General Darwin was bulky, about 182cm, and weighed 67 pounds after the Beagle trip.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[4] The pictures taken of the elderly Darwin show that he gained a bit of weight.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Her hair was dark brown, and the hairline on her forehead had receded slightly backwards.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The sideburns, by contrast, were very strong and curled.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[4] Darwin's blue-grey eyes were protected by thick eyebrows.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

With age, her hairline moved even more distant and her face took on a reddish coloring, which was often mistaken by people to consider her fit.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In January 1866, Darwin grew a long light grey beard.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The cause was possibly a deterioration in health or hiding from other people.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[4] At one meeting of the Royal Society, for example, hardly anyone recognised Darwin, not even his closest friend Joseph Hooker.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[4] Darwin's daytime rhythm was very bedridden.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The main reason for it was that new and surprising situations may have triggered the symptoms of Darwin's potema illness.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin woke up early in the morning even before sunrise and took a little morning walk.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

After that, around 7:45 a.m. to 8 a.m., he enjoyed a light breakfast.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He then delved into his work and read the letters he received.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Emma read him the letters sent by the family, and he himself rested on the couch.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Emma could sometimes read a novel to her husband as well.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Around noon, Darwin set off with a white Polly Terrier for an hour-long run.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Lunch he had at 1am, and half an hour later he read the day's paper on the couch.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Most liked for him was political news.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The rest of the day was mostly spent writing letters, listening as Emma read a novel and taking a day nap in between.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

One hour of research time he held from 4:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In the evening at half past eight, Darwin had an evening snack with his family, after which he played backgammon with wife Emma.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He kept records of matches for several years.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The evening ended at half past eleven, at which point he, after reading the book, went to bed.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[113] Claims of racism and chauvinism Darwin was categorically opposed to slavery as practiced by Europeans in their own colonies.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

While travelling in South America, he was horrified by the cruelty and violence of colonial hosts towards the region's indigenous population.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In Darwin's view, there were only minor biological differences between Caucasians, Dark-skinned, Asians, and Native Americans.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Unlike his other contemporaries he thought the anomalies were more cultural than biological [114].


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He also didn't like making generalizations about the traits of the human races.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin was not a racial egalitarian, however, as he did indeed divide humans into upper and lower races and identified the “lower races” with evolved monkey species.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[115] Like many other contemporaries, he regarded Caucasians as the most advanced human race.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In Human Descension and Gender Selection Darwin wrote: “The variability and variety of mental abilities of individuals of the same race, not to mention the even greater differences between different races, is so evident that it hardly needs to be addressed.” [116] However, he believed that the greatest some of the intellectual differences between different races were due to civilization or lack thereof.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He spoke of the peoples of Europe as “civilized peoples” and believed “civilized races would almost certainly destroy and replace wild races from all over the world.”


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[115] According to Darwin, individuals sick in mind and body degenerate the human species, but at no point did he draw the conclusion from this that the “weaker” should be allowed to die off.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

On the contrary, Darwin thinks knowing sympathy and caring for others are among the noblest traits of nature, the violation of which would cause a deeper decay.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[117] In his book Human Descension and Gender Selection, Darwin writes that “the man is braver, more combative and energetic than the woman, and the man has more creative brilliance”.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin believed men were superior to women in all aspects of life: in deep thought, reasoning, and the use of imagination, and also in tasks requiring sensory and hand skills.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

According to Darwin, it can also be concluded (referring to Francis Galton's research) that “if men are capable of a certain superiority in many fields, then the average mental abilities of a man are greater than a woman”.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[118] Darwin's views on gender differences were not exceptional for their time, but rather show Darwin to have been a child of his time.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin did not base his claims on scientific evidence, but rather on claims generally accepted at the time, the course of history, and rational evolutionary theoretical hypotheses that reinforced the previous ones.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[119] Darwin thought that women's competition for the smartest men had caused male intelligence to evolve through sexual selection to be “superior” to the woman.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[120] However, she notes that women are able to narrow the intellectual gap through education.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[121] European universities had opened their doors to women in the middle of the century, but even at the end of the 19th century, they were still quite a few.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Religious views Although Charles Darwin's father, grandfather and brother were freethinkers, [122] not he initially questioned the accounts of the Bible.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[123] He attended an Anglican school, and later his father put him to study Anglican theology at Cambridge University.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[124] Darwin also believed in William Paley's teleological argument that nature itself proved the existence of God.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[24] However, while travelling on the Beagle, Darwin began to wonder why God had created the deep-sea organisms so beautiful, even though no one could see them in the depths, or why there was so much evil in nature, for example parasitic stings which lay eggs in butterfly larvae and whose larvae after hatching, eat the butterfly caterpillar alive.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

This, in Darwin's view, was a far cry from Paley's view of God's benevolent creation.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[125] [126] Darwin characterises that he was still pure-docile during the Beagle, quoting the Bible as an authority on some moral issues, yet being critical of the Old Testament.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[127] Darwin knew when studying the transmutation of biospecies that his naturalist friends thought his ideas were heresy seeking to destabilise the social order.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Different and atheists had previously used similar arguments when attacking the state church status of the Anglican Church.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[128] Darwin saw religion as a means of tribal survival struggle, but still believed in God as the ultimate lawmaker.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[129] His faith in God began to deteriorate markedly after the death of daughter Annie in 1851.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[130] Darwin helped the local church with parochial work, but went on Sundays to walk rather than go to church with his family.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[131] When Darwin was asked about his religious views, he wrote that he was not an atheist in the sense of outright denying the existence of God, but an agnostic would best describe his view.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[132] According to the traditional view, Karl Marx admired Darwin's work and he wanted to dedicate one volume of his work Capital to Darwin.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

According to the same view, Darwin refused the honor because he alienated precisely Marx's religious-negativity.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

However, the story is not true.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin got a book with ownership from Marx, but never read it.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[133] Elizabeth Hope claimed in “Lady Hope's Tale”, published in 1915, Darwin had returned on her deathbed to her former faith.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

However, this has been strongly denied by Darwin's children and historians.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[134] Darwin's last words, addressed to his wife, are reported to have been: “I am not the least afraid to die.” ().


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Taste of Art Nothing is known about Darwin's school-age artistic orientation.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Apparently Darwin felt no particular passion for music, as he is not known to have played any instrument.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

However, while studying at Cambridge, he was happy to listen to Mozart's symphonies and overtures and to the music of Handel and Beethoven.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He attended King's College to listen to the song of the church choir, despite suffering from tonal deafness — that is, it gave him trouble remembering tunes or humming them.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

His Emma wife was a good pianist and often played for her husband in the evenings.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[4] From childhood, Darwin was a passionate reader.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

This feature was evident through his life.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

His favourite childhood reading included Shakespeare's historical plays and Horatius's Odes.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[4] Ethics The change in worldview brought about by Darwin's theory has been compared to Copernicus and his solar solar system model.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Where Copernicus ousted Earth from the center of the universe and placed the Sun in place of the Sun, deposed Darwin from the place of man's “King of Creation” and placed man on equal footing with all forms of life.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He acknowledged the uniqueness of man, but uniqueness was not the exclusivity of man; there is a similar uniqueness found throughout nature.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[135] He also points out that it is completely absurd to classify animals in order of precedence, since criteria such as intelligence are human's own, and do not come from nature itself.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[136] In addition to biology and geology, Darwin also considered ethics.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In his book Human Descension and Gender Selection, he reflects on how primitive morality originated in human and animal instincts.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

At a later stage, he still continues by reflecting on how memory and language have contributed to the development of an even more complex sense of morality.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He believed that animal species have the ability to experience sympathy and pity for another suffering animal.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[137] However, he speculated that the capacity for sympathy was limited only to animal individuals in one's immediate circle.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[138] Darwin also assumed that natural selection best favoured those colonies with the most sympathetic individuals.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He also found that social instincts such as sympathy may well conflict with instincts important to individual survival.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

As an example, he gives a bird that should alter winter to escape in order to survive, but is compelled by social instincts on the other hand to stay and care for the newly hatched offspring so that these can get food and survive.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[138] At the same time, he assesses that as a result of natural selection, social instincts are dominant over survival instincts.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

As an example, he uses how a person often ponders for a long time what others think of him, while the concern of obtaining food is diminished when a person has just been fed up to be satiated.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[138] Of the tendencies in ethics, Darwin represented utilitarianism, whose classical form holds that an act is justified if it delivers as much good as possible for as many as possible.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In his opinion, a person cannot be expected to act primarily as a maximization of good or happiness.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin also did not adopt the principle of utilitarianism as much good for as many as possible, but instead adopted the principle of general good.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In formulating the new principle, Darwin set off from the fact that animal social instincts had evolved in community life through choice.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In this case, they do not guarantee happiness in the community, but mainly promote the health of individuals living in the community, a clear advantage in intercommunal struggles.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

This is how instincts have worked not for good deeds, but for the general good.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[139] Darwin and his eldest son William Erasmus Darwin in a photograph taken in 1842 of Darwin's childrenTWilliam Erasmus Darwin (27 December 1839 — 1914) Anne Elizabeth “Annie" [140] Darwin (2 March 1841 — 22 April 1851) Mary Eleanor Darwin (23 September 1842 — 16 October 1842) Henrietta Emma “Etty” [140] Darwin (25 September 1843 — 1929) George Howard Darwin (July 9, 1845 — December 7, 1912) Elizabeth “Bessy” [140] Darwin (July 8, 1847 — 1926) Francis Darwin (August 16, 1848 — September 19, 1925) 1850 — 26 March 1943) Horace Darwin (13 May 1851 — 29 September 1928) Charles Waring Darwin (6 December 1856 — 28 June 1858) Children of Darwin were born into the Darwinian family, three of whom died in early age.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The death of Anne, who passed away at the age of ten, had a devastating effect on her parents.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin was a devoted father to his family and was exceptionally caring towards his children.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[4] He feared children's illnesses were caused by inbreeding, which he also studied in his writings, for he had married his cousin.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[141] Despite Darwin's fears, most of the surviving children excelled in various fields.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[142] Of Darwin's children, George served as astronomer, Francis as botanist, and Horace as engineer.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

They all became members of the Royal Society.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[143] Leonard, in turn, forged a career as a soldier, politician and economist.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He is also known as a proponent of eugenics and a mentor to evolutionary biologist Ronald Fisher.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[144] Societal application The application of natural selection theory to society began to be studied.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The most serious applications for the development of humanity are social darvinism and eugenics.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

They were based on a misinterpretation of natural selection theory that only the most eligible individuals survive.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

This saying was coined by the British philosopher Herbert Spencer, [145] who is known as the founder of Social Darvinism [146].


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The interpretations had disastrous consequences.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Judging by eugenics, a systematic program of sterilization of developmental disorders was initiated in several countries.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Eugenics reached its peak during World War II, when Nazi Germany systematically destroyed people by eugenics because of ethnic and physical considerations, although hatred against the most famous ethnic group, Jews, had roots even before Darwin.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The atrocities of World War II significantly reduced the popularity of eugenics, but as recently as the 1960s and 1980s, pro-eugenics associations were in operation in the United States, for example the Oregon Board of Eugenics did not cease operations until 1983.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In Finland, forced sterilization was removed from the legislation in the 1970 Act.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[147] Commendations General after Darwin already named several geographical place names and species of organisms during his lifetime.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

For example, the nearby water area of the Beagle Channel was named Darwin Sound by FitzRoy and Mount Darwin, part of the Andes Mountains, was named after Darwin in honour of his 25th birthday.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[148] On the arrival of the Beagle on his third voyage to the northern parts of Australia in 1839, John Lort Stokes discovered a natural harbour in the loins of the town of Palmerstone which the ship's captain, John Clements Wickham, wished to name after Darwin as Port Darwin.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The town was officially renamed Darwin in 1911.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

It was made the capital of the Northern Territory and Charles Darwin University was established there as well as Charles Darwin National Park.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin College was founded in Cambridge in 1964.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The establishment of the facility is a tribute to the entire Darwin lineage, but on the other hand some of the land was owned by Darwin's second son George Darwin.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[149] The best known group of organisms named after Darwin is the Darwinian circles, or Darwin finches, whose representatives Darwin collected while in the Galápagos Islands.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

On the 100 Greatest of Humanity list, made by Michael H. Hart, Darwin is ranked number 16, and in the 100 Greatest Britons programme produced by the BBC, Darwin was voted the fourth greatest Brit.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In 2000, Charles Dickens, who had previously been illustrated on a ten pound note, was exchanged for Darwin by the Bank of England.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[150] The Royal Society of London hands out the Darwin Medal.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin has been the subject of several biography works and science exhibitions.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In 2009, a number of exhibitions and events will be set up in Darwin's honour, as this time marks the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Genesis of Species work.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Biological species names Charles Darwin was a noted collector of animal and plant species.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Among these species were several species previously unknown to science or other taxonomic levels.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

In addition, scientific names of several species have been named after Darwin.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He also managed to predict the existence of an insect.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

He was the subject of laughter in science circles when he claimed the pollinator of the star palm as the pollinator of a hitherto unknown insect whose proboscis would be as tall as the flower's nearly 30-centimetre spur.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The naturalists at the time did not believe the tea, but Darwin found no other kind of possibility for palm pollination.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Twenty years after Darwin's death, the Xanthopan morgani speedster was found, whose suction head reaches the bottom of the star palm spur.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

One subspecies of the speedster was given the name praedicta, meaning foretold.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

[151] However, it was later found that the praedicta subspecies is no different from the rest of “Xanthopan morgani”.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin's works by Gordon Chancellor and John van Wyhe: Charles Darwin's Notebooks from the Voyage of the Beagle (British Society for the History of Science, 2009).


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

ISBN 9780521517577.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

The Voyage of the Beagle (1839) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, 1859) On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects (1862) Human descent and sex selection (The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871) The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom (1876) The Power of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom (1876) Movement in Plants (1880) The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits (1881) The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter (1887) (ed.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Francis Darwin, supplemented institution 1958) In addition to books, Darwin's scientific output published in periodicals was very extensive and varied.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Darwin's entire written production and correspondence has been published online in The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online database.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Darwin, Charles| title = Beagle's voy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2008| version = (The Voyage of the Beagle, 1839.)


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Translation and “Notes” sections: Pertti Ranta| id = ISBN 978-951-37-5179-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Darwin, Charles| title = Genesis of Species | others = Translated by Pertti Ranta| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoise | year = 2009| version = (On the Origin of Species) , 1859) | id = ISBN 978-951-768-236-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Darwin, Charles| title = Human descent and sex selection| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra Cognita| year = 2015| version = (The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871).


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

— a site about Darwin.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

— Homepage of the American Museum of Natural History's Darwin Exhibition.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

— Natural History Museum.


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin


Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

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Question: In what year did Darwin develop his theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Category:Copley Medal recipients Class:Births in 1809 Category:Those who died in 1882 Category:Key articles of screening Category:99.5 Naturalists, mathematicians


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kokemäki () is a Finnish city located in the province of Satakunta.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The town has a population of, [1] and covers an area of km2, of which km2 are bodies of water.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[2] Population density is Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character “[”.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The economic structure is divided by industry as follows: primary production 9.0%, processing 30.0%, services 61.0%.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Neighboring municipalities of Kokemäki are Eura, Harjavalta, Huittinen, Pori, Sastamala, Säkylä and Ulvila.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Former neighbouring municipalities are Keikyya (later Äetsä), Kiikoinen, Kiukainen, Kullaa, Köyliö and Lavia.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kulkkila, the central town of Kokemäki, was converted into a built-up community in 1923.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kauvatsa Municipality was annexed to Kokemäke in 1969.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The betrothal of Kokemäki comprises the towns of Harjavalta, Huittinen and Kokemäki, as well as the municipalities of Köyliö and Säkylä.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The population of the betrothal district is 34898 people.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

These same cities and municipalities are also part of the Kokemäki branch of the Satakunta Tax Office.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The Research Station of the Agricultural Research Centre Satakunta was located in the village of Järilä from 1929 to 1996.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

On 15 December 2008, the Kokemäki City Council decided on a municipal union with Nakkila, Harjavalta and Ulvila, but the project fell short after Ulvila changed its decision.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Due to its central location and old settlement, Kokemäki has been a central area of historical significance.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Some of the ancient relics of the Iron Age and the Middle Ages are located in Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The historical province of Satakunta was often called the Kokemäenkartano county in the later Middle Ages.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

A 121 kilometre-long Kokemäjoki river, named after the locality, flows through the central village of Kokemäki and the town area.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The Kokemäenjoki river basin is the fourth largest in Finland.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

On the territory of the city lies the Kols Hydroelectric Power Station.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Geography The most characteristic of Kokemäki's landscape image is the Kokemäjoki river flowing through the city.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

In the southeast, on the border with Huittinen, the river splits into Kyttalänhaara and Kiettareenhaara, between which the Kiettareenluoto is left.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

At the site of the former Kytälä railway station, the river forms numerous tributary branches which coincide again below the former Pahakoski and Niskakoski.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The river then flows northwestward in a valley formed by Säpilänniemi and moraine plantations on its northeast side, turning almost back to its inlet direction at the head of the cape and following the southwestern side of the cape.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The fall of the river on the 26km journey from the mouth of the River Loimi to the Kols Power Station is only 60 centimetres, but at the power station the fall height is as much as 12.5 meters.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

From Tulkekila towards Pori, the river flows into a sand and clay plateau in a ribbed marsh.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[3] From its southwestern corner, the Kokemäki area is in the sandstone area of Satakunta.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

From Harjavalla to Peipohja, the Kokemäenjoki valley forms the boundary of the region against the bedrock.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

From Peibottoma, this border turns south towards Köyliönjärvi and Pyhäjärvi.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The highest terrain point in this area is Järilänvuori, reaching 70 m above sea level.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Northeast of Kynsikanka, Säpilänharju and Ronkankanka, the terrain is more rugged and poorly cultivated compared to the plateau in the central part of the city.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Along the border of Huittinen are the large Korkeasuo, Kiettareensuo and Ronkansuo.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Near Kulkila, the Kokemäjoki river descends from the southeast to Sonnilanjoki, which originates in the forest and marshy areas of the eastern part of the former municipality of Köyliö.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[3] In the territory of the former Kauvatsa municipality, the main part of the settlement and cultivation is located on a narrow strip towards Lake Puurijärvi from Sääksjärvi to the south-southeast.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

On the northeast side of the Kauvatsa church village near the border with Sastamala are the highest hills in the Kokemäki district, reaching more than 100 m above sea level.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[4] The largest lake in Kokemäki is Sääksjärvi, formerly part of the municipality of Kauvatsa.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

At the eastern end of the lake descends the Piilijoki River from Kiikoisjärvi on the Sastamala side and Rukajoki originating from the eastern part of the former municipality of Kulla.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Sääksjärvi falls down to the Kauvatsani River to Puurijärvi, which in turn descends from its southern end to Kokemäjoki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Other lakes include Pitkäjärvi in the south near the border with Säkylä and Lievijärvi on the northeast side of the Kauvatsa church village.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[3] History Natural History After the end of the Ice Age, the Kokemäki area was deep below sea level.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

As the land rose, the shoreline in Häme began to move westward and eventually the high rock back of Kauvatsa was exposed from the sea.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The highest points of Kokemäki were initially archipelago, but gradually the islands merged into the mainland, protected from sea thyrskys by, among others, Hiittenharju, Järilänharju and Ronkanharju.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[5] The date of birth of Kokemäenjoki is calculated as the segregation of Sastamala Liekovesi from the sea around 5000-4500 BCE, from which the lake water flowed into the lowlands exposed from the sea.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The Kokemäenjoki estuary advanced northwest from Sastamala with landlift and reached the Huittinen arable plain around 3500 BCE.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Since the area is equal to Säpilänniemi, the estuary moved there in about 500 years.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The Vehmainen inland lake dried up and later formed extensive marshland areas, from which Puurijärvi and Isosuo National Park were formed in due course.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The height difference between Säpilä and Tulkkila is large, so numerous rapids were formed between them.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

There has always been a settlement on the shanks of the river and they contributed to the creation of a settlement in the Kokemäki region.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The river estuary moved to Tulkekila in 2500 BCE.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

by and from there quickly to the centre of Harjavalta until 2000 BCE.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

by.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[5] The natural landscape of Kokemäki has been significantly affected by the ice age and the river.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Sand ridges located in Järilä, Koomankangas and Köyliö and in the area between Säpilä and Ronka contain rich sand and groundwater resources.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The river's silt filled the valleys with nutrient-rich, albeit hardy, clay that has been the basis of farming in the region.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Late Stone Age and Bronze Age residents cultivated the sandy slopes of sandy ridges, but it was not until the import of iron ploughs in the 13th century that allowed hardy clay soil to be adopted for farming use over large areas.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Early ages Kokemäki is known as an old keeper whose archaeological excavations in the area tell of life back up to 7000 years.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The Kokemäenjoki valley has been one of the most important settlements in Finland during the Iron Age, [6] which is also closely related both economically and culturally by the Vanajavesi regions.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kokemäki was a unified settlement until the Hämeenlinna region.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The tradition tells of an ancient town called Telja, which would have been located on Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

There has been no historical or archaeological confirmation for this.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

In any case, Telja is part of the name of a multi-hundred company, club and organisation.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Middle Ages According to legend, in 1156 Bishop Henry visited Satakunta on a preaching trip, as part of Eerik the Saint's First Crusade to Finland.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The parish of Kokemäki was founded no later than the 13th century, according to some assumptions perhaps earlier.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[6] Kokemäenkartano county is known as early as 1331, and its centre, the Kokemäki King's Manor, has long hosted the bishops of Turku and many royal families.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The medieval Kokemäki Castle, which was disposed of in 1367, has been located on Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

In the Middle Ages, Kokemäki served as the administrative centre of the historical Satakunta.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The provincial district was held on the district hill near Kokemäki Church and the seal of the province was kept in the nearby village of Ylistaro until the 15th century.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The medieval Huovintie ran from the Turku region through Kokemäki to the mouth of the Kokemäjoki River.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Along the felt road were guild houses operated by spiritual and secular communities, where journeymen could stay overnight.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Such was also located near Kokemäki Church.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kokemäenjoki has been an important water route to the sea.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kokemäenjoki has been famous for its salmon, whitefish and nahkias.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

New Time Harjavalta was formed as the Chapel Parish of Kokemäki in 1669 and was separated into an independent parish in 1868.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Municipal administration began in Kokemäki in 1869, and August Lilius, who held the position for three years, was elected as the first municipal supervisor.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

In 1870, the Fire Insurance Committee of Kokemäki Municipality was formed, which later became an independent insurance company.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The first national school in Kokemaki started its operation in Kulkila in 1872, initially for boys; for girls, the start was moved to the following year due to teacher shortages.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The following three national schools were established in Kuurola in 1886, Raitio in 1895 and Peipohja in 1899.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kokemäki Coeducational School was founded in 1907.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kokemäki Savings Bank started operations in 1875 and Kokemäki Osuusdairieri in 1901.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[3] Train services on the Pori line between Tampere and Peipohja began in 1894, and the line along the entire length up to Pori was completed the following year.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Five rail transport stations, Kytälä, Riste, Kokemäki and Peipohja stations, and Järilä station came to the Kokemäki area.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Peipohja became a junction station with the completion of the Rauma line in 1897.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Risten and Peipohja stations on the Pori line appeared as alternative junction stations envisaged in the early 20th century when a railway line from Helsinki was planned via Loimaa to Satakunta.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[3] [7] In 1965, a large area of land from the southern part of Kokemäki near Pitkäjärvi was transferred to Harjavalta.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The entire municipality of Kauvatsa was annexed to Kokemäke in early 1969.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[3] Emblems Title Plant & Animal Nominal Plant: The Yellow Sword (Iris pseudacorus), also briefly referred to as the cucumber sword, is a handsome plant of damp places.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

It is found in central and southern Finland, in some places further north up to the height of Oulu.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Nominal animal: The plume jumper (Vanellus vanellus), is a shorebird in the family Kurmizos, common in temperate Europe and is also found in temperate regions of Asia at nesting time.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The name plant and animal of Kokemaki were selected by vote in 1997 at the Kulkikila Night event.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Keepers were named keepers in Kokemäki in the 1980s as graavian salmon, salmon soup and Hilja Vienonen gingerbread.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[8] Coat of arms The coat of arms of Kokemäki municipality was designed by Gustaf von Numers and was confirmed on 4 February 1953.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The image of the coat of arms is of Bishop Henrik's visit to Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The coat of arms explanation is “in a blue field with a silver, golden-peared and -ribboned bishop mitre”.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Landscape The Tulkkila Museum Bridge in the centre of Kokemäki is the most used of the city's informal emblems.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

It is on company logos as well as in connection with event names, as well as on the website of the city of Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the town every five years since 1980.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

On 1 January 2017, the regional division used is in accordance with the situation.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Conurbations At the end of 2017, Kokemäki had 7,381 inhabitants, of whom 4,340 lived in built-up areas, 2,954 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of the residence of 87 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; the built-up rate of Kokemäki is 59.5%.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[9] The population of Kokemäki belongs to only one agglomeration, namely the central district of Kokemäki, which had 4,340 inhabitants at the end of 2017.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[10] Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Kokemäki has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [11] Kokemäki Parish of the Finnish Orthodox Church parishes in the Kokemäki area is the Turku Orthodox Congregation.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[12] Former Parishes The following list lists the parishes abolished in the historical period in the present area of the city of Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[11] Kauvatsa Parish (annexed to Kokemäki Parish 2007) Administration and Politics The mayor is Nina Kivi.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

He started 2018.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

His predecessor was Reijo Siltala. [13].


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The Kokemäki City Council has 35 seats and 11 seats in the city board.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Percentage of party votesChangeCenter156435,813+1Social Democratic Party of Finland 115226,39+1National Coalition Party 92721.27+2Left Union64414,75−1Christian Democrats862,01−1 Known Persons born or influenced in Kokemäki Eemeli Aakula, MP Gust Aakula, American-Finnish journalist and anarcho-syndicalist Gustaf Adolf Avellan, linguistic researcher and translator Ari Hakahuhta, journalist Teemu Heino, taekwondo athlete Lars Hordeel, Vouti of Upper Satakunta and Turku Castle E. J. Horelli, medical advisor Toivo Horelli, politician Väinö Horelli, Professor Martti Jalkanen, Mayor of Kokemäki 1984—2013 Frans Peter von Knorring, Vicar General, Father of Åland School Department Aapo Korkeaoja, performance artist Juha Korkeaoja, politician Teemu Lehtilä, actor Svante Lehtonen, professional unionist and journalist Kullervo Manner, journalist and politician Mika Marila, alpine skier Juhani Merikallio, radio journalist Tyyne Paasivuori, MP Osmo Pertola, “Kokemäen Uuno”, entertainment artist Antti Potila, former Director General Pekka Puustinen, Economist Jorma Rudanko, legal counselor Erkki Ryymä, politician J. Savolainen, musician Pablo Seppä, musician, actor E.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

N. Setälä, Professor, State Counselor Reijo Siltala, Doctor, Mayor Ville-Juhani Sutinen, poet, Finnish writer and literary critic Jan Timoska, footballer Sampsa Timoska, footballer Matti Toivonen, journalist, singer and humorist Pirjo Tuominen, journalist and author Verner Viitasaari, gardener Transport links through Kokemäki are via Highway 2 between Vihti and Pori, Highway 11 between Nokia and Pori and Highway 12 between Rauma and Kouvola.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Passenger trains operating on the Tampere—Pori Railway stop at Kokemäki railway station (ex.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Finch Station).


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Near the station, along Highway 2, there is a stop for express shift buses between Helsinki and Pori.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The original Kokemäki railway station was located about three kilometres towards Tampere from the current station.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Other rail transport locations located in Kokemäki have been Riste and Kytälä stations and Järilä station.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The operations of Kyttalä and Riste and the old Kokemäki station were discontinued in 1983.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[14] There is only freight traffic on the Kokeäki—Rauma line; passenger traffic on the section of the line was discontinued in 1988.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Piikajärvi Airport is located in Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The nearest airport is Pori Airport.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Water transport in Kokemäjoki is limited, as hydroelectric power plants in Kokemäki and Harjavalta almost completely block longer-distance traffic.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

However, local boating and other recreational use of the river is popular.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Distances from Kokemäki Harjavalta 12 km Helsinki 200 km Huittinen 20 km Hämeenlinna 140 km Pori 40 km Rauma 50 km Tampere 95 km Turku 90 km Education The primary school network in the city of Kokemäki has been reduced in recent years with schools giving primary education to grades 1 — 6 closed.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The remains are Läteenmäki school, Risten school, Kulkila school and Tuomaala school.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The buildings of Kokemäki Coed School serve the upper school classes 7 — 9, special education, Kokemäki High School and its adult line, and Kokemäki Civic College.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[15] Vocational education is provided by two municipal associations of secondary vocational education.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The teaching facilities of Satakunta Education Group, or Sataedu's Kokemäki Unit, are located in Peipohja.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Sasky's SASKY facilities are located north of Kulkekila in Kuoppala, and Karima Garden, which was acquired for the college, is located in Paistila.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Courses organised by the University, offered by the University of Western Finland Kesäyliopisto and the Open University, can be studied in Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[16] The Huittinen Music Academy is also a side point in Kulkikila.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[17] There is a Traffic College office in interprekila.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[18] The Räisälä folk college, formerly located in Peipohja, is now defunct.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

[19] There are currently more than 400 companies operating in Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Graphics, metal industry and transport sector are key industries in the locality.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Agriculture (including the cultivation of special crops) and, more recently, welfare services are also strongly represented in Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Major Employers After the employer's name is the number of employees.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

City of Kokemäki, 320 Lehtosen Konepaja Oy (manufacture of metal products), 140 Peiron Oy (metal casting), 125 Cemt-Trans Oy, 110 Central Satakunta Healthcare Municipal Corporation, 82 Sinituote Oy, 80 Kokemäenjokilaakso vocational school, 70 Kokemäki betrothal agency, 51 (66) Sasky, Kokemäki, 50 Finnamyl Oy (potato starch industry), 25 (66) Satakunta Tax Office Kokemäki office, 23 (30) Services in Kokemäki Government services Kela (open two days a week), Road Master District Branch Office, VR Kokemäki Station, Avena Siilot Oy grain warehouse and Satakunta tax district Kokemäki's office are all located in the central city of Kokemäki.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Recreation Kokemäki is home to a racetrack known for its Midsummer raves.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Other recreational facilities include, for example, swimming pool, Pitkäjärvi leisure centre, Polytechniopisto ballpark, Haapahuhda riding stable, Risten JM- and Motocross track, Järilä FK track, Järilä ski resort, Piikajärvi airport and ice rink Telja Areena.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

New projects include a golf course for Pitkäjärvi and a central park on the side of Kulkkilantie.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Tourist attractions The historic St. Henry's Preacher House is located in the center of the city.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Inside the chapel, designed by architect Pehr Johan Gylich, there is a residence where Bishop Henry, according to legend, spent his last night before being killed by Lalli on the ice of Lake Köyliönjärvi.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Kokemäki has a stone church of Gustav III, which has stood on a rocky church hill in the centre of Kokemäki for over 200 years.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The first sketches of the church were drawn by J. Sytti and supplemented by C.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

F. Adercrantz.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The natural stone church was built in v.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Puurijärvi and Isosuo National Park was established in 1993.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

With an area of 27km², the national park consists of Puurijärvi known as Bird Lake and five cream oasis marshes; Aron-, Iso-, Kiettareen-, Korkansuo and Ronkansuo.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

More than 30 species were washed on the lake in 1993 with the total pair count rising to over 1500 pairs.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Tourist attractions in Kokemäki can be found on www.kokemaenjokilaakso.com Other destinations worth visiting: Station Manager's Home Anttila Garden Farm/Farm Store Karima Garden Kokemäki Agricultural Museum Kokemäki Seuratalo Kokemäki Electricity Museum Kokemäki Outer Museum Käräjämäki Seamstress Museum Home Orjapaade Cliffs Saint Mary's Church Sacraisto Säpilä Suspension Bridge from Villa Cuma to Kokemaki Cultural Route Important services For tourists Kokemäki Travel Agency Grocery stores S-market Kokemäki K-Supermarket Teljänportti Lidl Kauvatsan village shop Tokmanni Eateries and cafes Coffee and eatery Salkkari Teboil Kokemäki (coffee and fast food) Belda Pizza Pizzeria Restaurant Old Bridge Barbecue Café Uno Gas Stations/ refueling stations St1 Neste Teboil ABC Gulf Kauvatsa Events Vastavirarock rock festival and other programs such as exhibitions, concerts and rompetor are held in Kokemäki during the summer.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

As a specialty, we can mention events related to toilet rolls, among others.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Finnish Length Throw Championships (v.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

2008) and the construction of a toilet paper roll pyramid (v.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Traditional two-day midsummer trots at Kokemaki racetrack gather thousands of trotting enthusiasts annually.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

The Satasoitto music festival is held annually in August.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Local papers Valtaväylä River Valley Sydon-Satakunta Friendships Põltsama, Estonia Lier, Norway Falköping, Sweden Hobro, Denmark Villages Aakula, Askola, Haavasoja, Haistila, Hampula, Harola, Hassala, Herttola, Hintikkala, Shawl, Hyrkölä, Häyhtiö, Järkölä Kaarenoja, Kakulainen, Kankaantausta, Kareksela, Kaukaritsa, Kaurula, Kauvatsa, Keipilä, Ketola, Kiettare, Tayyala, Kokeaoja, Koskenkylä, Krannila, Croot, Kuittilo, Kukola, Kuoppala, Kuurola, Kyttalä, Kömilöä, Laikko, Lempainen, Mattila, Meinikkala, Paistila, Pappila, Peipohja , Pelhola, Penttilä, Pirkkinäinen (Birknäs), Pukkala, Pumpala, Purjala, Pyhänkorva, Pälpälä, Riste, Ronkka, Rudanko, Ruikkala, Ryytsälä, Sonnila, Säpilä, Talonen, Teikari, Tuomaala, Vallila, Viikari, Välö, Vitikkala, Vuoltea (Vuoltee, rats. Vuoltis), Ylistaro, Äimälä, Öykkäri The spirit books of the former municipality of Kauvatsa Ahvenus, Jalonoja, Kauvatsa, Kotka, Kulkkila, Kuoppakoski, Lievikoski, Piilijoenmaa, Piitanoja, Puurila, Rutuna, Sampu, Tekstilä, Yttilä [20] See also Vastavirula Kokemärock Hov-Kulki Crackeenkiven summer theatre List of public art works and monuments in Kokemäki Sources Salminen, Tapio (I:1) and Hockman, Tuula & Salminen, Tapio (I:2): History of Kokemäki and Harjavalta I.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

I:1: The river and its people.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

History of Kokemäki and Harjavalta from the Ice Age to the 1860s.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

I:2 Householders of Kokemäki and Harjavalta until 1900, crofters 1891—1900 and clergy before 1870.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Towns and parishes of Kokemäki and Harjavalta: Gummerus Book Printing 2007.


Question: When was Kokemäki founded?

Kokemäki

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Virkkala, Kalevi| title = Kokeäenjoki in light of geological-historical development | location = Vammala| publisher = Satakuntalainen osakunta| year = 1946| version = from Satakunta XII| format = [Satakunta series scanned books] (pdf) | accessdate = 26.1.2012| pages = 75-89}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salo, Unto| title = Häme ja Satakunta| location = Vammala| publisher = Satakuntalainen osakunta| year = 1967| version = from Satakunta XVII| format = [Satakunta series scanned books] (pdf) | accessdate=29.1.2012| pages=76-129}} References on the topic elsewhere Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Church history is a subfield of theology that deals with the past of Christianity, the Church, and Christian movements.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

In research, church history uses methods of historical science.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Thus it is not its own independent discipline, but a subject related to theology and history.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Information about matters relating to church history is gained through old writings, archaeological finds, and lineage records.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Church history is used to discover how the church has evolved and what Christian thought has been like at different times.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Church history is also a study of Christian tradition and a history of Biblical interpretation.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

The goal of church history is to understand why the church or Christians have acted in a way.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Church history is usually divided into sub-subjects according to different periods of history.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

History The first Christian historiography can already be considered the Gospels, although they are not written based on the criteria of modern historiography.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

They tell more about the experiences and events that the followers of Jesus went through.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

The first history of the Christian congregation can be considered the Acts of the Apostles, which was written by the same person who also wrote the Gospel of Luke, according to tradition the evangelist Luke.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

The Acts of the Apostles is historically very valuable because there is no other similar work either in the New Testament as well as outside it.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Without it, there could be no full picture of the early Christian so-called apostolic period afterwards.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Thanks to the Acts of the Apostles, Paul's epistles are also historically valuable and comprehensible; without it, they would only be fragmentary and incomplete, even misleading.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Acts and Paul's Epistles are generally in harmony, and Acts does not appear to be based on the account given by the letters, but is independent in text.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

The actual church histories began to be written only some hundreds of years after the beginning of the period.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

In early Christian times, Christians were not interested in history, but waited for Jesus' speedy return.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Historiography began more widely and became more of a need for it as the position of Christianity began to become established and became part of the society of the Roman Empire.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

In the first three centuries, Christians were persecuted in the Roman Empire and there were almost no opportunities for historiography.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

The most notable church history of the first centuries is the Church History of Eusebios Caesarea (Historia Ecclesiastica), completed in 330.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Eusebios' work is written from the point of view of the victorious religion and tells what was known about history at that time and how it was wanted to be presented.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Other early Christian church historians included e.g.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Socrates Skholastikos (ca.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

380—440), Theodoretos Kyrrhoslainen (ca.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

393—457) and Sozomenos (ca.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

In the Middle Ages, lay historiography followed the paragon of ecclesiastical historiography.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

History was based on the Bible, which told of both the early days of the world and the end of the world.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

The confluence of secular and ecclesiastical historiography was evident, among other things, in Beda's English church history (early 7th century).


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Another characteristic feature of medieval historiography were the numerous saintly legends.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

After the Reformation, the history of the church began to be interpreted in a new way, especially in the Protestant camp.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Movements separated from the Catholic Church wanted to show that the mother church had renounced its original Christianity and had fallen into disrepair.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

The Catholic Church, for its part, wanted to defend its position by invoking its millennial knowledge of lineage, in the light of which church doctrine was interpreted.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

As a result, research into early church history and patristics increased on both sides.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

The first Finnish church history and at the same time Finland's first history work was the Chronicle of the Bishopric of Finland (Chronicon episcoporum Finlandensium) written by Paul Juusten in the 1570s and published only in 1784—1800.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

It dealt with all the bishops of Turku from Bishop Henrik to Juusten himself.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Still in the 17th century, James Ussher calculated the so-called. In the Ussherin—Lightfoot calendar using the Bible of the Timing of the World.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

However, the dominance of bible-based historiography was shattered after the Enlightenment period.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Knowledge of ancient cultures in Egypt and China, among others, increased.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Even more problems were produced by geological timings of the age of the earth created by the development of geology.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Modern historiography emerged in the 19th century.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Today, church history is studied using the same methods as the rest of history, the difference being only a subject of study.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Themes of church history by period Patristic period Patristics, or theology of the Church, the birth history of the papacy Birth history of clerical hierarchies Ecumenical clerical assemblies History of monastic institutions and ascetics birth history Great apostasy?


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Middle Ages Church as a state-like community and European-wide influence Different forms of faith life and their development Reformation and counter-reformation Causes of the Church in the state of the Church Causes of the dissolution of the Church Post-Reformation and modernity Revival movements Reforms of churches History of Ecumenia Well-known church historians Eusebios Caesarea (ca.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

275—339), “Father of Church History” Beda (ca.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

672/3—735), English church historian Paul Juusten (1516—1576), first Finnish (church) historian James Ussher (1581—1656) Johann Lorenz von Mosheim (1693—1755), the most prominent church historian of the Enlightenment period, Bengt Olof Lille (1807—1875), of Finnish church history pioneer Adolf von Harnack (1851—1930) Jaakko Gummerus (1870—1933), professor of church history, first modern Finnish church historian, Harnack's pupil Martti Ruuth (1870—1962), professor of church history Ilmari Salomies (1893—1973), professor of church history Jaroslav Pelikan (1923—2006) See also Timeline of Christianity History of Religion Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Antila, Jaakko Olavi & Laine, Esko M.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

(ed.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

) | title = Sources and research| location = Helsinki| publisher = Church Historical Society of Finland| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-5031-63-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Antila, Jaakko Olavi & Laine, Esko M.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

& Meriläinen, Juha (eds.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

) | title = Research fields and methods| location = Helsinki| publisher = Church Historical Society of Finland| year = 2013| id = ISBN 978-952-5031-75-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Arffman, Kaarlo| title = History of Christianity| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2004| id=ISBN 951-37-4183-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title=Europe.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Power of faith| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1995| version = (De wording van Europa.)


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Editor-in-chief: Wim Blockmans.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Delivery: Raisa Vuohelainen.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

English translation: Ritva Scott| id = ISBN 951-0-19182-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heininen, Simo & Heikkilä, Markku| title = Church History of Finland| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 1996| id = ISBN 951-37-1839-5}} Luomanen, Petri (ed.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

): Part of “Church History” in Theology — an introduction to research.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Edita, Helsinki, 2001.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

ISBN 951-37-3456-0.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marty, Martin E.| title = Christian World.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Global History of Christianity| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookshop| year = 2010| version=( The Christian world.)


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Translation: Juha Meriläinen| id = ISBN 978-952-247-043-0}} Nagel, Christine & Reuter, Ingrid Parts I to II (ed.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

), Murtorinne, Eino Part III (ed.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

): History of Christianity 2000, I—III.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Weilin + Göös.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

Mohndruck, Gütersloh 1999.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

ISSN.


Question: How is the history of Christianity studied?

Church history

On topic elsewhere (University of Helsinki) (Theologica collectanea) (BibleTunet) *


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

District heating is the most common form of heating buildings in Finland.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Heat is supplied to district heating customers by means of hot water circulating in the district heating network.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The customer can use district heating to heat the premises and hot water, as well as for other heating needs.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

District heating is especially a form of heating in cities and built-up areas.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

District heating has evolved over the last few decades and therefore remains competitive and often chosen by customers as a heating mode.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[1] District heating is produced in power plants optimized for cogeneration of electricity and heat.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

One of the challenges of district heating is how heat will be produced in the network when energy use of coal is abandoned in Finland by 2030.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[2] According to Wärtsilä, wind power will be used in the future for district heating production using heat pump technology.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[3] The principle of operation of customer equipment Customers accept district heat in a heat distribution center with a heat exchanger.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The exchanger transfers heat from the district heating network through the customer's heat distribution network to heat distribution devices in buildings, such as radiators, underfloor heating network or ventilation, and hot hot water supply.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In the customer's building and heat distribution equipment circulates hot hot water, which is separate from district heating water which is stained in the exchanger.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

For the customer's heat distribution center, the exchanger package includes heat exchangers for heating and hot water, as well as possible ventilation exchanger, control equipment, pumps, expansion and reserve equipment, heat and pressure gauges and shut-off valves.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Heat distribution centers are prefabricated entities.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The heat distribution center is usually installed in a separate technical equipment space.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The space requirement for the equipment is small, since there is no need for boilers, accumulators or fuel storage facilities.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

District heating network Heat is transferred to customers as hot water in a closed two-pipe district heating network.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The hot water is piped to the property's heat distribution center, where it gives off heat via an exchanger to the customers' heating grid and the preparation of hot hot water.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Houses use heat to heat rooms and hot water, as well as ventilation.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The water from the district heating network returns cooled in the return line back to the production plant to be re-heated.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

District heating water does not circulate in the heating network of houses.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The temperature of district heating water entering the building varies from 115 °C in the harshest frosts to around 65 °C in summer time.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The temperature of water returning from customers to production plants varies between 25 and 50 degrees.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Building heating equipment works well when the temperature of the water returning to the district heating network is below 45 °C.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In the heating season, a good cooling level is 40-60˚C.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

District heating water has been treated to remove mechanical impurities and oxygen and prevent corrosion inside the tube.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Often the water is also stained to locate any leaks or damage.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The dye that turns water greenish is not hazardous to health or the environment.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The district heating water is coloured greenish-yellow with a colouring agent for marking waters called Pyran.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Water coloring makes it easier to locate leaks and separate district heating water from household water.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Pyranin is a pyrenesulfonic acid dye that meets, among other things, the purity requirements of the Cosmetics Regulation.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

However, it must be stored separately from food and stimulants.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In case of breakage of the hot water transporter, green district heating water may mix with household water.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Does not recommend discoloured water for cooking or otherwise ingesting internally.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

However, skin contact does not cause any harm, so hand washing, watering flowers and other normal water use can also be performed during transporter breakdown [4] The security of district heat supply is almost 100%: on average, the customer's heat supply is interrupted for 1-2 hours a year.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

District heating networks are most often looped, allowing, for example, in failure situations, customers to receive heat from more than one input direction.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[5] District heat production District heating can be produced in a number of different ways and the form of production or energy source can be changed if necessary.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

However, district heating is produced almost entirely by fuels that generate steam power, fossil (such as natural gas and coal) or others (such as forest chips and peat).


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Those fuels emit a significant amount of CO2 emissions.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

District heating produces about half of Helsinki's total carbon dioxide emissions.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[6] In the future, a strong increase in surplus heat from various renewable energy sources and industrial and urban surplus is anticipated.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The use of renewable fuels has increased and CO2 emissions have therefore decreased.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Between 70% and 75% of district heating annually is produced in the form of combined heat and electricity.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In cogeneration of heat and electricity, both heat and electricity are produced in the same process.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

This is very efficient because in this case the wasted energy generated in condensate production of electricity can be utilised.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Cogeneration is almost twice as efficient as compared to separate production of electricity and heat.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Cogeneration is efficient, as the energy of the fuel is utilized almost 90%.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[7] District heating is also produced in separate heat centres.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

They also use renewable fuels to an increasing extent.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In larger units, for example, burning wood is more efficient than in very small units.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

More energy is used from the same fuel and less wasted.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Cleaning flue gases from emissions and fine particulate matter is also cheaper in larger units than numerous small ones.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

There are district heating networks in Finland where energy is produced entirely by renewable energy sources.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[8] The price of district heating in Finland has a generally used pricing system that is divided into: from subscription fee to power charge to energy charge The regulatory control of district heating is based mainly on competition law in Finland.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In addition, the position of consumer customers is safeguarded by the Consumer Protection Act.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

According to the Competition Bureau, the district heating company is dominant in terms of customers connected to district heating.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In addition, pricing is regulated by energy taxation.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The effects of emissions must also be taken into account.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The Energy Industry Association collects data from domestic district heating companies on the prices of district heating in three different sizes of new residential buildings twice a year.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[9] History of district heating in built-up areas identified as the current form of district heating has been carried out since about the 1820s.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The first installations emerged in the U.S. shortly after the invention of steel pipe manufacturing methods.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In the late 19th century, steam heat made it possible to build skyscrapers as they are now known in the U.S.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In Germany, district heating was started in 1893 and in other parts of Europe in the following decades.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In the Nordic countries, the spread of district heating was promoted after World War II by the idea of high-end suburban construction.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[10] Finland's first district heating plant based on a basic solution like the current water cycle was commissioned in Tapiola, Espoo, in 1953 and its first customer was connected to the heating network in the same year.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[11] Helsinki was also able to launch district heating distribution around the same time as the first customer was connected to the network in 1953.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

However, the first district heating power station in Helsinki differed from the current basic water-circulating solution in that the heat was delivered to the customer as steam.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In Helsinki, the first power plant to produce water district heating was Salmisaari A and the first customer connected to the network in 1957 was Ravinakoulu Perho, whose building was conveniently completed along the pipeline route the same year.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[12] District heating in different countries Today district heating activities are carried out in different parts of the world: Western and Eastern Europe, North America and Asian countries in Japan, Korea, China and Mongolia.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In Europe, about 10% of heat generation needs are realized by district heating, in North America about 4%.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

The largest producing country of district heating is Russia, which produces an estimated 1700000—2400000 GWh of district heating annually.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In the EU, district heating has a market share of 13% of heating residential and service buildings.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[13] District heating in Finland Approximately 2.7 million Finns live in district heating houses.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In Finland, the market share of district heating in buildings is approximately 46%.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Of private houses heated by district heating, there is a generous 7% of heating energy.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

In major cities, district heating has a market share of more than 90%.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[14] In new construction, district heating is also strong: more than 95% of new apartment buildings are connected to district heating, 75% of service buildings.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Of new small houses, 14% choose district heating as their heating form.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[15] Power plants and stationary heat centres District heating is a distributed, regional operation.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Member companies of the Energy Industry ry: 165 municipalities and cities 109 power plants 735 solid heat centres 375 mobile heat centres International recognition Finnish district heating and cooling expertise has also gained international recognition, including competitions: Global District Energry Climate Award [16] and 1st International DHC+ Student Awards [17].


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

According to Wärtsilä and Pöyry, it is worth generating district heating from electricity with heat pumps.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

[18] District cooling The latest way to make better use of primary energy is district cooling.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

This uses heat that would otherwise be wasted with wastewater (heat pump) or other surplus energy, for example from nuclear power plants (by absorption cooling), or natural cold storage (free cooling in winter from the sea) can be used.


Question: Where began to use the first eco-construction?

District heating

Sources on the topic elsewhere ISBN: 978-951-588-507-4 (pdf) Category:Building heating systems Category:Key articles in screening