Question: What was Stephenie Meyer's first book?

Stephenie Meyer

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Stephenie Meyer's first book?

Stephenie Meyer

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was Stephenie Meyer's first book?

Stephenie Meyer

Jussi Ahlroth:.


Question: What was Stephenie Meyer's first book?

Stephenie Meyer

NYT Annex of Helsingin Sanomat, 22.10.2009.


Question: What was Stephenie Meyer's first book?

Stephenie Meyer

Category:American fantasy writers Category:American horror writers Category:American children's and youth writers Category:American science fiction writers Category:Living persons Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

System of a Down (also used as the acronym SOAD) is an alternative metal band formed in California, Los Angeles in 1994.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band consists of four members: Serj Tankian (vocals), Daron Malakian (guitar), Shavo Odadjian (bass) and John Dolmayan (drums).


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

All four members of the band have Armenian lineage roots.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Through its work, the band has earned one Grammy and three nominations; it has won the award for Best Metal Performance of 2006 with their song “B.Y.O.B.”.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

System of a Down are some of the best-known and most successful alternative metal bands of its time, combining death metal style guitar sounds, Serj Tankian's oriental-style vocal style, intermittent growl vowels, and a rapid change in song structure from heavy to calmer.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

In 2006, the band announced that they would go on an unspecified length hiatus, after which all members worked on their own side projects.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band began touring again in 2011.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

System of a Down has released five studio albums, which have sold over 40 million copies worldwide.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

System of a Down's all albums were produced by Rick Rubin.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Daron Malakian is almost always responsible for the production of the ensemble.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Some of the band's best known and popular songs include “B.Y.O.B”, “Toxicity”, “Aerials”, “Chop Suey!


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

“, “Sugar”, “Soldier Side” and “Lonely Day”.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

History Soil (1992—1994) In the early 1990s, Serj Tankian and Daron Malakian became acquainted at a rehearsal studio.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

They played in different bands but separated from them and formed a band called Soil along with Domingo Laranio (drums) and Dave Hakopyan (bass).


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Later, Shavo Odadjian came along.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

About a year later, Laranio and Hakopyan left because they believed the band would never be successful.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Beginning (1994—1997) After Soil disbanded Serj Tankian and Daron Malakian formed a new band which was initially called Victims of the Down after a poem by Malakian, but Shavo Odadjian felt that the word System would be better than Victims because it would sound more impressive and touch larger audience.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Another reason for the name change was that the band — and specifically Malakian — wanted the band's albums to be in a record store near Slayer's albums.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Shavo Odadjian was originally the band's manager and founder, but he stuck to the bass and David “Beno” Benveniste became manager.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Malakian asked his youth friend, Andy Khachaturian, to join System of a Down as a drummer.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

(Khachaturian and Malakian had, at the age of 15, played in Malakian's first band called Snowblind.)


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Khachaturian, however, went his separate ways.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

As a reason, he recounted his desire to express himself as more than a drummer.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

In 1997, he was replaced by the band's current drummer John Dolmayan.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

System of a Down's popularity in Los Angeles grew.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

SoAd gigged at many clubs as a warm-up for other ensembles.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

As the fame spread, record companies began contacting the band, offering record deals.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

However, the band did not want to write the contract immediately, but wanted to make sure that the right timing and that the agreement would happen to everyone.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Eventually, a deal was reached with Rick Rubin.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Debut album (1998—2000) In the summer of 1998 System of a Down released their debut album titled System of a Down.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The album was very successful, with its first single Sugar becoming a radio favourite.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

A little while later, SOAD released their second single, titled Spiders.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The third single was War?.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

After the album came out, the band gigged extensively as a warm-up for Slayer before they were able to perform at Ozzfest.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

After Ozzfest, they gigged together with other bands around the United States, but also on smaller tours in Europe.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Breakthrough and success (2001—2003) In 2001, the band released a new single.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The song first bore the name Suicide, but prior to release it was eventually changed to Chop Suey!.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Chop Suey!


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

got a lot of playtime on the radio, and that language already from the upcoming record.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The day before the Toxicity album was released, the band decided to hold a record unveiling gig, but eventually the concert was cancelled due to too many people turning up and police say the situation was starting to get dangerous.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Nonetheless, Toxicity, released on 4 September, was a giant success.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

It immediately claimed its place at number one on the US and Canadian singles charts and sold multiple platinum.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Toxicity has sold over 12 million copies to date, making it the band's most successful album.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The biggest hits on the album rose to be among others.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Chop Suey! , Toxicity, Aerials and Prison Song, as well as Forest.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The song Chop Suey!


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

also received a Grammy nomination.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

In 2001, System of a Down went on tour along with Slipknot.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The bands toured throughout the United States.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

After a successful tour, the bands embarked on the Pledge of Allegiance tour a year later, along with Rammstein, Mudvayne and No One.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Towards the end of 2001, a few unreleased tracks made it to leak onto the Internet.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band went public with a communique stating that the tracks leaked online were unfinished material.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Fans of the band complained about the unfinished sounds of the songs, and so the band decided to record them again.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

During the recording phase, some of the songs were composed, lyrics, or re-adapted.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Eventually the result was the album Toxicity II, which, however, was given the name Steal This Album! prior to release.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Steal This Album!


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

was released in 2002.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The album resembles a burned CD that would be sold dark.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The album title is a reference to Abbie Hoffman's book Steal This Book, and a message to those who steal the bands' production and publish them as illegal on the internet.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The song Innervision had been released as a promo single and received considerable radio play on alternative radio channels.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The music video for the Boom song was shot with film director Michael Moore and featured opposition to the Iraq War.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Also ending up on the album were tracks that were from the band's early days, such as Mr. Jack (acting before being re-released under the name P.I.G.)


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

as well as an acoustic track by Roulette, which was to be already on the band's debut album.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

In general, fans of the band do not like Steal This Album!


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

album not as a thoroughbred album, but as a so-called compilation album, but the band members have said that that album should be considered an album wherever there are others.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Mezmerize and Hypnotize (2004—2006) Finally, in 2004, SOAD returned to the recording studio.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Daron Malakian had recorded about 100 songs, and the band selected the most suitable of them for the new album.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Eventually, however, so much material became selected that the band decided to make a double album, one of which would be released six months later than the other.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The first album, Mezmerize, was released on May 17, 2005.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The album received good reviews from critics, rising directly to number one in the United States, Canada, Australia and many other countries in making it the band's second album ever to reach the chart top.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The album sold over 800,000 copies worldwide in its first week.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The first single from the album was the song B.Y.O.B.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

(Bring Your Own Bombs), which spoke out against the Iraq War.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

B.Y.O.B.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

was the song that brought the band once and for all to the world's consciousness.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The song also won a Grammy.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The second single from the album was Question!.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The music video for the song was directed by the band's bassist Shavo Odadjian, who had also directed e.g.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Aerials music video.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Following the album's release, the band toured extensively in the United States, Canada as well as Europe.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Mezmerize has sold over 10 million copies worldwide.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The second part of the double album, Hypnotize, was released on November 22, 2005.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Similar to Mezmerize, Hypnotize cashed in its place as number one on the album charts.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The album's title track Hypnotize was released from the album as a single.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Hypnotize also received a positive reception from critics, although it is considered a weaker entity than Mezmerize.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Break and the band's future (2006—2011) In May 2006, System of a Down announced that they would go on hiatus.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Daron Malakian has confirmed the break will last for the longest five years.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Later Shavo Odadjian announced the hiatus would last the longest 3 years in an interview with Guitar Magazine.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Shavo Odadjian told MTV this: We are not falling apart.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

We're going to take a very long break after Ozzfest and do our own thing.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

We've been playing at System of a Down for over ten years now and I think it's healthy for a bit of a rest.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

While performing in Houston, Texas, Malakian got an opportunity for a mouth shift too: There have been a lot of rumors circulating that we were breaking up, but don't listen to them.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The four of us are and always will be System of a Down!


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Malakian and John Dolmayan played in the band Scars on Broadway, founded by Malakian in 2003, but after six months of gigging, the band went on hiatus.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Their first album was released on July 29, 2008.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Shavo Odadjian currently works with Wu-Tang Clan in a band called Achozen.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Serj Tankian's first solo album Elect the Dead was released on October 23, 2007.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Dolmayan, meanwhile, plans to open a comic book store.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

System of a Down's last appearance before going on hiatus was seen on August 13, 2006 in West Palm Beach, Florida.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Tonight is going to be our last gig, after which we won't be playing together for a long time.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Daron had said in an interview as his final comment this: We're still going back, we just don't know when.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

In April 2008, System of a Down members Daron Malakian and John Dolmayan shared their opinions on the band's future.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

When a lot of people had been asking about the future of the band and that when they would come back, had Daron responded like this: We all know when the time is right, it just happens.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

In his July 2010 interview, John Dolmayan gave bright signs of System of a Down's return.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

“We've been on hiatus for over four years now.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

We'll probably come gigging next year.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Nothing is certain yet, this has not been discussed much yet, but it seems that it will happen.”


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Shavo Odadjian has been seen on a couple of occasions gigging with Scars on Broadway, most recently in March 2010.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

This too tells us that the band members still have warm relationships with each other.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Serji's new solo album comes out in the fall of 2010.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

After the gig, it's highly likely System of a Down will start to do a comeback in earnest.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Serj Tankian said during a press conference on 12 August that a System of a Down gig in Yerevan (Armenia's capital) would be a good idea.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

“On whether we should get back together or play a gig in Yerevan, we will certainly inform you on our website.”


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band's return tour is anticipated to be formalized on Monday 29 November (the same day when Download will release its first performers as well as a highly anticipated headlining trio including SOAD), with details of numerous festival appearances in Europe, e.g.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

UK Download Festival.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

System of a Down will be rumoured to be headlining on Saturday 11 June at the Download Festival.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

System of a Down will also be one of the headliners at next year's Metaltown festival on June 18 in Gothenburg, Sweden.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Official confirmation of this will take place on Monday, November 29, on the festival's official website, at 2pm local time.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Return (2011) With the long-running rumor, official information was finally received.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band's European tour will roll off on June 2, 2011.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The tour covered ten gigs, including Seinäjoki Provinssirock.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Expected for many years, the appearance was the first in the band's history in Finland.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

“We're excited to tell you that System will play a few gigs together next year.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

We also want to thank you for your loyalty and support, not only to SOAD, but to each band member who has made a solo career.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

We don't have any bigger plans for the future, we play these gigs just because we want to play together again and we want to call you, our great fans.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

We are very much looking forward to seeing you already”.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

[1] Due to very high demand, SOAD added a second gig day on French soil early in the year.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Two gigs had already sold out of the European tour.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The Finnish gig was also expected to be sold out by spring at the latest, as the pace of sales of the Provins Christmas installment for Sunday 19.6 was very tough.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

On February 9, 2011, the band added Russia to their gig calendar.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band performed in Moscow after a show in Finland on 21 June.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Bassist Shavo Odadjian said on Twitter the band had started rehearsals for their summer comeback gigs.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The orchestra rehearsed for the first time in nearly five years on Tuesday, February 8.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

At the same time, he confirmed that there were “financial problems” and “artistic conflicts” behind System Of A Down's break decision.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

On March 1, 2011, the band opened their new home pages and performed ten North American gigs in May before their European tour.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Two shows in America sold out in a day, a total of four gigs were sold out, as was Europe.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band returned to the gig stages on May 10.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

A Rio De Janeiro gig in Brazil was also added to the gig calendar.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Tickets were also sold out in an instant.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

On June 7, Provinssirock's Sunday tickets sold out, so the band got to perform for the full Törnää.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band toured during the fall of 2011 for the first time in South America.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The band meanwhile released gigs in Australia, into early 2012.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

New Album (2012—) According to the band's drummer John Dolmayan, a new album is coming as the band feels “able to challenge their earlier albums”.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The drummer admitted he was looking forward to the band's new studio album “as eagerly as fans.”


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Drummer John Dolmayan thinks System of a Down needs to do something new because the band doesn't want to repeat themselves.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

SOAD, he says, needs to be able to do something special for a new generation of music listeners.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Things about the new album only move forward after a year because at Christmas the band members focus on their families.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

The break from music might even last for months at the turn of the year.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Plus, singer Serj Tankian is bailing off to New Zealand for a few months - he lives there for part of the year.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Of the new tour next summer, he says it's possible.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

[2] [3] In February 2013, it was announced that System Of A Down has been attached as the headliner for the Mikkelian Jurassic Rock festival.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

SOAD performed at Jurassic Rock on 11 August 2013 on Sunday.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Lineup Current Serj Tankian — vocals and keyboards and acoustic guitar Daron Malakian - guitar and vocals Shavo Odadjian - bass and backing vocals John Dolmayan — drums Former Andy Khachaturian - drums Discography Albums System of a Down (June 30, 1998) # 124 U.S.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

; RIAA: Platinum Toxicity (September 4, 2001) #15 U.S., #56 UK; RIAA: 2x Platinum Mezmerize (May 17, 2005) #1 U.S., #2 UK, #2 Ireland, #2 Norway, #1 Australia, #1 Canada; RIAA: Platinum Hypnotize (November 22, 2005) #1 U.S., #11 UK, #10 Ireland, Canada, Australia; #1 #3 RIAA: Platinum Singles Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ben Myers| title = System of a Down| publisher = Like| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-952-471-947-6}} On topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

ChaoSzine.


Question: What was SOAD's first record?

System of a Down

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Italy (united 1861) has deeply influenced the culture of the Mediterranean region and Europe as a whole.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After the Greek rule of Magna Graecia, the Etruscans and then the Roman Empire ruled Italy for centuries.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Italy was an important centre of philosophy, science and art during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Origin of the name Italy is an ancient name for the country and population of southern Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Its origin is unknown, but it might come from the Latin word vitulus (one-year-old calf): “land of calves”.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[1] Coins bearing the name Italy were printed by southern tribes that competed with Rome in the last century BCE.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After the dissolution of the Roman Empire, Italy became the joint denomination of the states of the Apennine Peninsula and their overseas holdings.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[2] Ancient peoples In old times Italy was inhabited by several different peoples.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Many of them, like Latin, Oscs and Volskis, spoke Italic languages that were closely related to each other.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In addition, there were many Greeks living in southern Italy, Etruscans in the area of present-day Tuscany, and Celtic peoples in northern Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Etruscans controlled much of Italy before the Roman Empire.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[3] The Etruscans did not speak an Indo-European language and their origins are shrouded in obscurity.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

They were definitively merged with the Romans during the republican period.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The culture, which is distinctly Etruscan, emerged in the year 800 BCE.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

after.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The high point of Etruscan civilization was in the times of the founding of Rome and the Kingdom period.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Etruscans did not form a unified kingdom but Greek-type city-states.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The last kings of the Roman Empire were Etruscans and Roman culture was strongly influenced by the Etruscans.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

As it expanded, Rome incorporated the Etruscan cities into itself.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Roman Empire Rising According to the myth, Rome was founded in 753 BCE.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Romulus and Remus and was ruled by seven kings.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[4] According to tradition, the last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, was exiled in 509 BCE.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

and the Roman Republic was founded.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The republic was governed by two elected consuls, and a senate assembled primarily from patricians formed, together with the citizens' assembly, a kind of parliament.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the following centuries, Rome expanded its territory, defeating its neighbours one after the other.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After the wars, the Romans generally did not seek total subordination of the defeated, but forced them into a subordinate ally relationship.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

This policy was one of the reasons for Rome's success.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Many weak Etruscan and Greek cities asked Rome for protection rather than confronted it in war.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After the Punic Wars and the loss of Carthage, Rome controlled most of the western Mediterranean and its influence grew rapidly in the east as well.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

10th century BCE


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

by the end Rome had defeated the Hellenistic states of Macedonia and Syria and controlled the entire Mediterranean with the exception of Egypt.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Empire The institutions of the Roman Republic had been developed in a city-state and were not suited to the control of a large empire.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In addition, there were schisms both within Rome and between Rome and its Italian allies.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The trend favored military commanders, who began pursuing exclusivity.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The first such was Sulla (d. 78 BCE.)


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After him came Julius Caesar, who after conquering Gaul (present-day France) defeated Pompey in a civil war and effectively became a monospace, but was assassinated by republican senators in 44 BCE.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

His successor Octavianus defeated the Senatorial Party, received the title Augustus and was elected Imperator.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Although he formally tolerated the laws of the republic, he ruled practically as a monopoly and the Roman Empire had emerged.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[5] This became clear under his successor Tiberius.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The establishment of the Empire brought clear advantages to the provinces, which may have appealed to the emperor against local authorities instead of corrupt senators.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Furthermore, Roman citizenship was slowly extended to provinces and jurisdiction became less arbitrary.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Roman Empire was further expanded somewhat in the Imperial period; for example Claudius annexed Britain 47 partitions..


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the first and second centuries, there were some civil wars (for example by the Four Emperors in 69) and rebellions (such as the Judean Uprising, which ended with the takeover of Jerusalem in 70 and started the Jewish diaspora).


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Decay and loss The internal state of the kingdom slowly deteriorated, which was reflected in crises in the third century, when economic difficulties, barbarian invasions, and civil wars almost led to the dissolution of the Empire.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

It was saved by Diocletian (284—305) and Constantine (306—337), who moved the capital to Byzantium, changing its name to Constantinople, thus initiating the division of the kingdom into the western and eastern part.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Constantine also stopped opposing Christianity.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Christianity became the state religion under Theodosius I in 380.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Great Internationals broke the defences of Western Rome, and the Vandals and Goths eradicated the kingdom for good in the 4th century.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Medieval Goths, Byzantium and Langobards the Visigoths conquered Italy in the 4th century and Alarik plundered Rome in 410.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

By the end of the century, the peninsula was for the most part controlled by the Ostrogoths, and Odovakar sacked in 476 the last emperor of Western Rome, Romulus Augustus.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 493, Teoderik the Great overthrew Odovakar and became king of the Ostrogoths.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The capital of his kingdom was Ravenna.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Byzantium, or Eastern Rome, invaded Italy in the early 5th century and Emperor Justinian I's generals Belisarius and Narses conquered the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths after years of war in 552.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

These Gothic Wars destroyed most of the surviving urban culture.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The departure of the Byzantine armies allowed another Germanic tribe, the Langobards, to conquer much of the peninsula.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The exarchate of Ravenna, which remained in Byzantine possession, was concentrated around Ravenna.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[6] Rise of the Catholic Church The Church and especially the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, has played an important political role since Constantine, who sought to annex the institution to imperial rule.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the precarious situation following the breakup of Western Rome, the Church was often the only stable institution and the only source of doctrine.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Even the barbarians depended on the church to govern their lands of conquest.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In addition, Catholic monastic organizations such as the Benedictines played a large role both in the economic life of the time and as preservers of classical culture.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After the entry of the Langobards, the popes were nominally subordinate to the Eastern Emperor, but received little support from Constantinople and began to build an independent state to protect Rome from langobard attacks.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the late 7th century, the popes pursued independence and found a way to do so by allying themselves with the Frankish Carolingid dynasty: the Carolings needed legitimacy to seize power from the Merovings, while the Popes needed military support against the Langobards.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 751, the Langobards took over Ravenna, and the Byzantine presence in central Italy came to an end (some coastal towns and territories in southern Italy remained in Byzantium until the 10th century).


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Popes turned to the Franks, who in 756 defeated the Langobards and ceded to the Pope power over central Italy, thus establishing the Church State.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

However, the rest of Italy was held by the Langobards or Byzantium.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Holy Roman Empire In 774, after a papal invitation, the Franks defeated the Langobards and took the crown of their kingdom.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Their leader Charles the Great was crowned by the pope on 25 December 800 in Rome as emperor.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

This caused a dispute between the Frankish Empire and Byzantium over the right to the name of Rome.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 812, Byzantium agreed to recognize the Roman Empire in exchange for guaranteeing its Italian holdings.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

However, the emperor's power did not properly reach the southern parts of the peninsula, whose two langobard dukes of Spoleto and Benevento accepted Charlemagne's rule in name only.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Conquering Benevento would have meant full encirclement of Papal territories in the emperor's territories, and Charles the Great probably thought it was not good for relations.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Greco-Latin coastal cities such as Naples on the Tyrrhenian Sea and Venice on the Adriatic became increasingly independent of Byzantium.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Charles the Great had the papal efforts to expand power stymied, and his time meant balancing in Italy, although marked by non-Italian interests.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The gap between Eastern and Western Christendom continued to grow.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Saint Leo III was the first pope to date his bulla in accordance with the reign of Charles the Great rather than the Byzantine emperors.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

By the beginning of the 8th century, the process that began three centuries earlier, in which Italy seceded from Byzantium and connected to Western Europe, had become broadly completed.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Sicily, Calabria, Apulia and some maritime cities were the main exceptions.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After the death of Charlemagne (814), under weak successors, the Empire quickly fell apart.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The equilibrium created by the emperor's charisma was shattered.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The crisis was exacerbated by external factors such as Saracen invasions and the intensification of maritime republics.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Charles the Great's son Louis the Pious died in 840.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Treaty of Verdun divided the Empire in 843.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Louis's eldest surviving son Lothar I became emperor and ruler of the central part of the kingdom.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

His three sons accordingly divided this kingdom between themselves, and northern Italy became the Kingdom of Italy under Louis II in 839.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Muslim Arabs conquered Sicily in 827, ruled until 1053.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 846, the Arabs invaded Rome and plundered St. Peter's Basilica, taking all the gold and silver from there.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

As a result, Leo IV began the construction of the Vatican Wall, which was completed in 853.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 951, the Italian and German crowns were merged.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The ruler of the new kingdom, Otto I the Great, submitted that the Union would restore the kingdom of Charles the Great and received the title of emperor in 962.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In these times of turmoil, the prestige of the papacy institution had also diminished (see pornocracy, for example).


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The end of the Middle Ages Barbarian invasions and the Gothic Wars eradicated much of Italy's urban culture.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

It did not completely disappear, but was much more modest than in the Roman period.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Wars, disappearances and disease had also plummeted Italy's population.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the 7th—8th centuries, some cities such as Amalfi and Venice began to flourish through trade (silk, salt), but urban life remained scarce.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The 10th century marked the end of the darkest period of the Middle Ages.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Trade slowly began to recover, especially through the sea, and the four port cities, Amalfi, Pisa, Genoa and Venice became powermakers.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[7] Many landlocked cities, such as Florence and Milan, also grew and effectively became independent city-states from central power, expanding their territory at the expense of feudal lords to the countryside.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the 12th century, Italian cities that were part of the Empire rebelled successfully against the centralisation effort of the regime of Frederick I Barbarossa.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The pope regained his authority and began a long struggle against the Empire on both ecclesiastical and secular issues, the first act of which was an investment-strife.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

At the same time, the southern parts of Italy and Sicily were conquered by the Normans.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Normans eventually conquered Byzantine and Arab-controlled territories.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Byzantium, however, had not been defeated yet, instead invading in 1155 Italy under Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

By 1158, the Byzantine army had been forced to withdraw from Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Renaissance Italian Renaissance, or rinascimento, ushered in the Renaissance, especially in Europe of a new era in culture and arts, which continued from the end of the 14th century until about 1600.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Renaissance began in Tuscany, the cities of Florence and Siena, and its high point was towards the end of the 15th century.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

It spread south, affecting Rome in particular, which was largely rebuilt by Renaissance popes.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Italian Renaissance began to decline at the end of the 15th century with the invasion of foreign powers, after which the focus of the Renaissance shifted to Central Europe.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Roots In the Heart Middle Ages, the city-states of the northern part of Italy were among the most prosperous in Europe, considerably more prosperous than the southern part of Italy, including Rome.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Crusades had established permanent trade ties with the Levant, and Byzantium, a trading rival of the Italian cities, had been badly damaged by the Fourth Crusade.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Luxury goods such as spices, dyes and silk were brought to the ports of Genoa, Pisa and Venice in Italy and exported from there to other parts of Europe.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Inland towns, on the other hand, benefited from good farmland, such as the Po River Valley.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In turn, wool, wheat and precious metals were imported via land and river routes from France, Germany and the Netherlands.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Trade stretching from Egypt to the Baltics created surpluses that could be invested in mining, farming and early industry.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Northern Italy was not richer than the rest of Europe in terms of resources, but the high rate of processing built on the bottom of commerce enabled it to succeed.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Florence, for example, initially emerged as one of the most prosperous cities in northern Italy largely through the production of fabrics.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Wool was imported from Northern Europe and Spain, and with dyes imported from the East, it was made into quality clothes.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the 13th century, Italian city-states grew strongly and became virtually independent from the Empire.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

During this period, banking and monetary methods also developed, the center of which Florence became its center, and its currency, the florin, the currency of international trade.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

A new aristocrat class emerged, which had gained ground through their business skills and challenged the feudal upper class that ruled Europe in the Middle Ages.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In most of northern Italy, urban grand burghers were more formidable than rural feudal lords.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The economic crash of the 14th century and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century saw a series of disasters that collapsed the European economy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

These included the beginning of the Little Ice Age, which depressed agricultural production as well as the Hundred Years' War between France and England, which stirred the economy: for example, two of Florence's largest banks, Bardi and Peruzzi, fell after Edward III of England left his debts of 1.5 million florins unserviced in in 1345.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[8] In the east, the formation of the Ottoman Empire cut off trade routes.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The most devastating was the Black Death, which killed tens of percent of Europe's population.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The population of Florence, for example, collapsed from 90000,0000 to 50000 and caused turmoil including, for example, the Textile Workers' Revolt of 1378.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Some accidents of the 14th century contributed to the Renaissance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Ottoman expansion at the expense of Byzantium caused an influx of refugees from the east, and they brought with them classical Greek civilisation.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Black Death wiped out a third of Europe's population, leaving the new smaller population soon more prosperous than previously thought.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The population had more property for luxury goods, but fewer of their producers, improving the position of the lower classes.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The horrors of the Black Death and the Church's inability to prevent them also undermined the Church's influence, which was one of the prerequisites for the Renaissance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

During this period, the first Renaissance figures such as Dante and Francesco Petrarca lived, and the first signs of the Renaissance were visible in the early 14th century.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The fall of the Bard and Peruzzi banks opened the way for the rise of the Medici family in Florence.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Robert Sabatino Lopez has even suggested that financial collapse was a necessary cause of the renaissance, as in economically favorable times businessmen invest their money quickly, while in bad times fewer investment items can be found, causing them to spend their funds on culture and to art.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[9] Wars Especially the early part of the Renaissance was an almost continuous war between city-states, fought by mercenaries brought from all over Europe.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Cities warred against each other, and on the other hand, the pope struggled for power with the emperor.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

More powerful city-states often subjugated their weaker ones and annexed them to themselves, such as Florence of Pisa 1406 and Venice of Padua and Verona.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The cities depended entirely on mercenaries who, in the worst case scenario, might turn on their master and take power in the city.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Fleets were equipped for wars at sea.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Venice became the superior sea master after it dispossessed the Genoese fleet in 1380.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

On land, the main wars were fought between Florence and Milan; these wars have been seen as important in the emergence of the Renaissance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[10] The Medici family, which owned the largest bank in Europe, became Lord of Florence in the 1430s, with Cosimo de' Medici as its first leader.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Florence was formally preserved as a republic, but the instruments of power were firmly in the hands of the Medici and their allies.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Cosimo de' Medici was very popular among the townspeople due to the peace and heyday of the era.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

His most notable achievements included making peace with the Sforza family of Milan, bringing an end to decades of war.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Cosimo was also a supporter of the arts, though some have regarded his reputation in this regard as exaggerated.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 1469, Cosimo's grandson Lorenzo de' Medici, who was the first member of the family to receive humanistic education in his early years and the most important of the family's supporters of the arts, came to power.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Under Lorenzo, Medici power was consolidated with the creation of the Council of Seventy, which Lorenzo presided over.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The republican institutions survived, but lost their influence.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In business, Lorenzo was not as successful as his predecessors, and the Medici financial empire slowly began to decline.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Lorenzo's relations with the pope deteriorated, leading to the attempted assassination of Lorenzo orchestrated by the Pope with the Pazzi House.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

It failed, but led to a war with the Pope by which centralized power of the Medici was later justified.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[11] The spread of the Renaissance Renaissance ideals spread from Florence first to the Tuscan neighboring cities of Siena and Lucca.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Tuscan culture soon became an object of imitation for all of northern Italy, with the Tuscan dialect of Italian dominant especially in the literature of the region.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 1447, Francesco Sforza rose to power in Milan and quickly transformed the medieval city into an arts and civilisation centre.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Venice, one of the most prosperous cities, also became a cultural center, especially in architecture.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 1378, the pope returned to Rome, but the former mighty city remained mostly poor and ruined through the early years of the Renaissance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Nicholas V, who became pope in 1447, initiated a major rebuilding.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

With the papacy falling into the hands of northern power families such as the Medici and the Borgias, the renaissance world and art became dominant in the Vatican.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Pope Sixtus IV continued the work of Nicholas, most famously his project the construction of the Sistine Chapel.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Popes increasingly became secular administrators, and under the “warrior popes”, the power of the Church State was centralised.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The character of the Renaissance changed in the late 15th century.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Renaissance ideals were then fully embraced in the ruling class and aristocracy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Early Renaissance artists were considered craftsmen with few reputations and recognitions.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Later Renaissance artists were influential and billed large commissions.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The end of the Italian Renaissance Many view the Renaissance as the symbolic endpoint of Girolamo Savonarola's rise to power in Florence in 1497.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the short reign of the unjeweled monk, many works of art were destroyed “on the pyres of vanities”.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Savonarola's power ran short and the Medici lineage returned to power, but similar moral resistance movements continued within the church, and in the middle of the 16th century Renaissance works were banned in connection with the Counter-Reformation.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

At least as important a factor in the waning of the Italian Renaissance as the Church resistance movement, was a series of attacks on Italy by foreign powers, the Italian Wars that dragged on for decades.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

They began with the 1494 French invasion, which caused widespread destruction in northern Italy and ended the independence of many city-states.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The most devastating blow was on 6 May 1527, when Spanish and German troops ravaged Rome, thus ending the pope's role as the greatest supporter of the Renaissance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Due to chaos and contacts with foreign rulers, many of Italy's greatest artists decided to leave the country, the most famous example of Leonardo da Vinci who emigrated to France in 1516.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The shift of focus to the north represented a broader trend.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Mediterranean was no longer the main trade route; Vasco da Gama had reached India in 1498, and the main trade routes from the Orient went to Atlantic ports in Iberia, France and England.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

These territories soon overtook Italy in prosperity and power.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

As the Italian Renaissance waned, however, many of its influences moved north and contributed to the Northern Renaissance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Renaissance did not mean sweeping social and economic changes, but mostly touched only a small percentage of people.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Admittedly, in northern Italian cities, the class of skilled craftsmen was in a much better position than in Europe in general, but the status of unskilled laborers was no longer much affected by the Renaissance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Foreign power and unification in the Italian Wars involved all the major Western European countries from 1494 to 1559: France, Spain, the Holy German-Roman Empire, England, Scotland, the Republic of Venice, the Church State, and most Italian city-states.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Originally beginning with disputes over the succession in Naples, the wars soon formed into complex power struggles, with varied allied relations, involving the Reformation.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Pope's influence diminished due to military defeats and the Reformation, and he allied himself with Charles V for the Counter-Reformation.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

By the end of the wars, the Habsburgs” Spain had become the ruler of Italy and a European powerhouse state at the expense of France.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Italian states, which had been powerful in the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, became second-class factors or were completely destroyed.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[12] Reunification Main article: Risorgimento At the end of the 18th century, the political situation in Italy was pretty much the same as in the 16th century, distinguished by the fact that Austria had become the dominant external power instead of Spain and the fact that the Dukes of Savoy also ruled the Northwest Piedmont, had become Sardinian rulers.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

This situation was shaken by the 1796 invasion of Italy by Napoleon.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

States created by Napoleon, such as the Cisalpine Republic, were merely satellites of France, but fueled the nationalist movement.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Cisalpine Republic was transformed into the Italian Republic in 1802, with Napoleon as its president.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Congress of Vienna (1814) restored matters close to the situation of 1795.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The northeastern parts of Italy, including the Venice region and also Lombardy, fell to Austria, and the rest of Italy was divided into six states, namely the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of Sicily, the Church State, Tuscany, Parma and Modena.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Kingdom of both Sicilies encompassed the whole of southern Italy, and the Kingdom of Sardinia included not only the island of Sardinia but also territories on the mainland of northern Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The states wanted to maintain the status quo and opposed the nationalist, liberal and republican movements.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the 1820s some rebellions arose, but were suppressed by the interventions of the Austrian army.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the 1830s, there was a revolt which spread to the Church State and raised a popular force against the reactionary pope Gregory XVI.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Austria put down the rebellion, but came under pressure from France to reduce its presence in Italy and withdraw its troops from the Church State.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the 1840s, the unification act, the risorgimento, began to take on more importance through, among others, Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy movement.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Sardinian monarchs, such as Carlo Alberto and especially Viktor Emanuel II, also began to warm to the idea of unification.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The increased movement led to extensive rebellions practically throughout Italy in the European madness of 1848.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In connection with the revolts, Carlo Alberto of Sardinia declared a war against Austria, which has been referred to as the First War of Independence.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Austria defeated the Sardinians and Carlo Alberto renounced the crown in favour of Viktor Emanuel II.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Rebellions were also defeated in Tuscany, Milan and Naples.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In Rome, the situation escalated in 1849 so that Pope Pius IX was forced to flee the city, and a republic was proclaimed there.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Roman defences were organized by Giuseppe Garibaldi.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Eventually France and Austria occupied Rome, where the revolts ended.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The events of 1848—1849 strained the situation in Italy: Pius IX cancelled his liberal reforms, and Austria took control firmly in Lombardy, Venice, and virtually Tuscany.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Kingdom of Sardinia, which ruled Piedmont, remained somewhat independent and presided over the unification of Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Crimean War weakened Austria's international standing.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Sardinian Prime Minister Camillo Cavour and French Emperor Napoleon III met in the summer of 1858 and agreed to war against Austria — the treaty was preceded by an attempted assassination of Napoleon III by an Italian nationalist fanatic.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Sardinia did not achieve its objectives in the short Second War of Independence, but through skilful diplomacy, in 1860, Cavour was able to agree the accession of Tuscany and Emilia to Sardinia, after which Sardinia controlled much of northern and central Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Italy now had four states: Piedmont Sardinia, the Kingdom of Both Sicily, the Church State, and Austrian-ruled Venice.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi In May 1860, freedom fighter Giuseppe Garibaldi, who had resigned from the Sardinian army, invaded Sicily with a small force of volunteers and conquered Palermo after beating, with British support, the many times larger armies of the Kingdom of Both Sicily.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The episode showed the weakness of the Kingdom of Sicily and made Garibaldi a national hero.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In six weeks, Garibaldi took Messina and thereafter moved on to Italy, whose takeover of the southern parts went as fast as Sicily.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After winning Calabria and Naples, Garibaldi advanced towards Rome, but the ripples of forces in the Kingdom of Sicily at both slowed his advance.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Sardinia decided to keep the situation under its control and conquered the Church State with the exception of its core part, mainly the city of Rome.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Garibaldi ceded southern Italy to King Viktor Emanuel II of Sardinia.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Cavour confirmed the annexations by referendum, and the elected First National Parliament met on 18 February 1861 and proclaimed Viktor Emanuel King of Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Italian capital at first became Turin, but it was changed to Florence in 1865.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Venice and Rome, which Garibaldi unsuccessfully still tried to take in 1862 and 1867, had remained outside the Kingdom of Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Venice joined Italy in 1866 in connection with the so-called Third War of Independence, but Pope Pius IX wanted nothing to do with the new state.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

However, the Papal position was dependent on the French garrison, and when withdrawn in the context of the Franco-Prussian War, it marched the Italian army to Rome on 20 September 1870.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Rome was annexed by referendum to Italy and became the capital.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The pope barricaded himself in the Vatican and declared himself a “prisoner of the Vatican.”


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Kingdom Until 1922, Italy was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The constitution was largely inherited from the Constitution of the Kingdom of Sardinia of 1848 established by Carlo Alberto.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The king had, in principle, extensive powers, which, however, he did not often exercise.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The most notable change was universal male suffrage in 1912.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

King Umberto I was assassinated on 29 July 1900.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

He was succeeded by Viktor Emanuel III.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[13] In the Italian—Turkish War of 1911—1912, Italy conquered Libya.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[14] World War I Italy declared itself neutral at the start of World War I, claiming that the trialliance with Germany and Austria was only defensive and did not apply to the Austro-Hungarian war.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Both coalitions tried to win Italy over, and in April 1915 the country joined the Circum-Powers, declaring war on Austria-Hungary.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The aim was to have territorial extensions such as Trento, Trieste, Istria and Dalmatia at Austria's expense.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The fighting bogged down in the Austrian-Italian border region into a war of positions that claimed great losses.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In October 1917, the Austrians, with the help of German troops, broke through the Italians' lines, but with the support of the Circum-Powers, the Italian managed to halt the attack near Venice.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Fascist regime After the end of World War I, Italy gained most of the territories it wanted except Dalmatia, which was given to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

However, the war had claimed the lives of nearly 700,000 Italian soldiers, and the internal state of the country was chaotic.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Workers staged strikes demanding rights and better working conditions.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Some took over factories and production facilities following the model of the Russian Revolution.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Fascist Party, led by Benito Mussolini, emerged from the Black Shirts organisation that broke the strikes.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In October 1922, the Fascists marched on Rome.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The king forbade the army from meddling, allied himself with Mussolini and allowing him to form a fascist-led government.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the following years, Mussolini, who was known as “Il Ducena”, or leader, banned other political parties and curtailed civil liberties.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 1929, Mussolini signed the so-called lateran treaties with the Catholic Church, which led to the formation of a teeny Vatican City State under the papacy, ending the schism with the Pope that had been going on since 1870.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Mussolini was initially on quite good terms with Britain and France, but with Italy's conquest of Ethiopia in 1935—1936, relations with Western countries cooled.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Because of this, as well as ideological similarities, Italy was oriented towards Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, and formed a Berlin—Rome axis with Germany.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After Germany annexed Czechoslovakia without notifying Italy of the plan, Italy considered itself a lesser member of the Axis, and Mussolini decided to annex Albania to Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Albania was occupied on 7 April 1939, its king became King Viktor Emanuel III of Italy and a Fascist government was formed there.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Italian-German alliance was strengthened by the Steel Treaty on 22 May 1939.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

World War II Mussolini dreamed of a Greater Italy encompassing the Mediterranean, but Italy remained neutral when World War II broke out.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Italy declared war on France and Great Britain on 10 June 1940 with France's defeat looking certain.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

After the German occupation of Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and France, Mussolini decided to occupy Greece by using Albania as a support area.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

This failed badly, for not only did the Greeks repel the attack, they pushed the front deep into Albania.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Fearing that the Balkans would become the Achilles heel of its European rule, Germany occupied Greece and Yugoslavia.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

With the failure of the Soviet conquest (1941—1942) and the entry of the United States into the war (December 1941), the situation for the Axis powers deteriorated.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In March 1943, British and US forces were definitively defeated by the Italians and Germans in North Africa and came ashore in Sicily.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

King Viktor Emanuel III sacked and arrested Mussolini and appointed Marshal Pietro Badoglio as prime minister.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The new government officially resumed the war, but initiated secret peace talks.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Hitler did not trust Badoglio but sent troops to Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

On 8 September 1943, Badoglio's government concluded an armistice with the Allies, but did not declare war on Germany.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Badoglio and the king family relocated to Allied controlled territory.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the confusion that followed, most of the Italian army disintegrated and Germany took control of central and northern Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Germans freed Mussolini with a commando strike and installed him as puppet ruler of the Italian Social Republic established in the north.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

As the Allies slowly forced the Germans towards the north, the official government finally declared war on Germany.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

At the same time, the anti-fascist popular movement grew stronger and caused problems for the Germans.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Eventually, in April 1945, the Allies had pushed the Germans out of Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Italy's war success in World War II was something, with individual exceptions, weak.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The Fascists had thus completely failed in the task they considered most important, turning Italy into a military power.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Republic After World War II, Italy was forced to abandon its African territories as well as Fiume and Istria, but freed itself from war reparations and received Marshall aid.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Elections were held in 1946 to elect a new Constituent Parliament.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Women had the right to vote in this election for the first time.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In conjunction with the election, a vote was taken to preserve the monarchy and the republican option won.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

King Umberto II resigned after only a month in power.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The parliamentary election was won by Italy's Christian Democratic Party (DC), which ruled Italy for nearly the next four decades.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The position of the Communist Party (PCI) was also quite strong in the post-war years.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The new constitution had to be prepared for almost two years and eventually, apart from the king, it became quite similar to the one that preceded the Fascist rule.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Italy became a republic with its president essentially having nominal power.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Italy is a founding member of both NATO and the European Community.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[15] Post-war Italy was faced with poverty and agrarian domination, but in the 1950s and 1960s the northern part was heavily industrialised, which has even been spoken of as an economic miracle for Italy, but the development of the south of the country was slower.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[16] Under the Lateran Contracts renewed in 1948, Italian marital law was regulated by the Catholic Church.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the 1970s, the church's power in this regard was breached and divorce, as well as abortion, were legalized.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The 1970s were marked by student riots and terrorism from both the far right and -left.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Of the many far-left organisations, the best known was the Red Brigades, whose most famous act is the 1978 capture and assassination of former Prime Minister Aldo Moro.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The single most serious act of terrorism was the 1980 bombing of Bologna railway station by a far-right organisation in which 84 people were killed.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The extensive Tangentopol kickback scandal of the early 1990s dissolved the DC Party and revolutionised the political map to such an extent that the period since has been talked of as a “second republic.”


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

With a broad campaign, the Italian government sought to quash corruption (the “clean hands” campaign), as well as the Mafia, whose members were arrested with the help of whistleblowers over 200 and assets were seized worth about $1 billion in 1992.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

[17] In the March 1994 general election, the overwhelming winner was the Alliance for Freedom (Polo della Libertá), formed as an electoral alliance, formed by Forward Italy (Forza Italia, FI), founded by media mogul Silvio Berlusconi, the National Conservative National League (Alleanza Nazionale, AN) and Northern Alliance (Lega Nord, LN) called for autonomy for Northern Italy.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Berlusconi formed a right-wing coalition government in which the aforementioned parties participated.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The government was already toppled in December 1994 over bribery suspicions against Berlusconi.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In 1996, with Romano Prodi's centre-left coalition coming to power, Prodi's government lasted until the rest of 1998.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

In the 2001 elections, the “House of Freedoms” (Casa delle Libertà) coalition led by Berlusconi survived the winner, and Berlusconi was allowed to form his second government.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Forza Italia gained from the country's upper house of parliament, the Senate (Senato della Repubblica), 82 seats out of 315 and the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati), 189 seats out of 630.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The main opposition force in the early 2000s was the centre-left “Olive Tree” (Uniti Nell'ulivo) coalition, whose largest party is the Social Democratic “Democrats of the Left” (Democratici di Sinistra).


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The bribery trial against Berlusconi was halted in June 2003 when parliament voted on a new law guaranteeing legal immunity to politicians and judges.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Berlusconi's reign continued into the April 2006 elections, narrowly won by Romano Prodi's coalition.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Prodi's first government, made up of a dozen parties, lasted nine months before falling to a vote to keep the country's troops in Afghanistan.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

However, Prodi was allowed to form a new government.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

The centre-left's new party grouping has been the Democratic Party since, [18] and its ranks emerged in early 2014 as Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.


Question: In what year is Teoderic the Great born?

History of Italy

Sources On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company (abbreviation FoMoCo) is an American automobile manufacturer founded in 1903 by Henry Ford in Detroit.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Ford has factories of its own independent design work in addition to the United States in Britain (founded 1911), Germany (founded 1925), Australia (founded 1925), Brazil (founded 1925) and Turkey.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company brands include Lincoln in addition to Ford.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Ford owns a minority stake in Mazda.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In 2008, Ford produced 5.532 million cars and employed approximately 213,000 people in 90 factories worldwide.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

2009 Ford produced 4.817 million cars.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Ford had an operating profit of $2.7 billion in 2009.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

The group's assets are estimated to be around $200 billion.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

History Ford's European operations headquarters is located in Cologne, Germany.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In March 2008, Ford sold British-based Jaguar and Land Rover to Indian company Tata Motors for US$2.3 billion.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In 2010, Ford sold Swedish Volvo to Chinese company Geely.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In the mid-1990s, Ford made a profit selling big S.U.V."s.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

On the 21st century side, the company mired in financial difficulties.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

It made a loss of $12.7 billion in 2006 and 2.7 billion in 2007.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Under Alan Mulally, Ford avoided the bankruptcy that faced its rivals General Motors and Chrysler in 2009.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In 2011, the company had revenues of $136264 million and operating profit of $20213 million.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[1] The company was ranked ninth on the 2012 Fortune 500 list.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[2] Ford in Finland The first Ford car came to Finland in 1904.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

The car was sold by G.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

F. Stockmann and was purchased by assistant priest Walter Lampen, for whom the salesman also acquired a chauffeur.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

This was the only car dealership made by Stockmann for years, since the business did not return to car imports until 1912.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[3] In 1911, the brothers Aleksander, Fritiof and Tor Nyberg, who were emigrants in the United States, received Ford's representation to Finland from Ford's representative in Paris.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

The following year the brothers started their sales operations in Helsinki and their first batch of sales comprised three Ford T cars.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Until the outbreak of the First World War, Fords were sold in Finland through eight dealers across the country, around one hundred copies.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[4] The reconstruction of Ford's sales network in Finland began in 1919, when a Ford car assembly plant was established in Copenhagen for Scandinavian countries and Ford Motor Company agents began to look for dealers in Finland.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In the same year, Oy Argos Ab obtained exclusive rights to sell Fordson tractors in Finland.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In 1921, Ford Motor Company entered into an import agreement with Korpivaara & Halla Ltd.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

However, the two sides soon fell into disagreements over the marketing of the cars and the agreement unraveled in 1924.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company then leased factory and branch facilities in Hernesaari, Helsinki, where an assembly plant was also planned.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In 1926, Ford Motor Company of Finland Oy, a subsidiary under the main company, was founded, which was the first automobile factory subsidiary established in Finland.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

The company's name was changed in 1937 to Oy Ford AB.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Before the outbreak of World War II, imports of Ford cars began, along with the United States, also from Britain.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[5] During the 1920s and 1930s, Ford of Finland was also subordinated to Ford car sales and service operations in Estonia.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Oy Ford Ab was listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange in 1938.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[6] In 1939 Ford was the most common passenger car brand in Finland with more than a quarter (26.7%) of registered cars.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[7] By the same year, more than 5000 Fordson tractors had been imported into Finland.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[6] After the Winter War ignited, all Ford operations were evacuated to Vaasa, from where they returned to Helsinki in the summer of 1940.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

In order to ease the emergency situation caused by the war, 4400 Ford trucks were ordered from the United States; however, only during the intermediate peace period.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

During the Continuation War, new and refurbished trucks were assembled in Hernesaari, Helsinki, for use by the armed forces.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[6] Immediately after the Second World War, Fordson Sussex and Thames lorries with right-hand drive were imported from Britain in 1945—1948, with large motor vehicle loans issued by the Ford Motor Company.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[8] In the postwar years, Ford cars began to be imported from then West Germany as well.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[9] In 1946—1947 Oy Ford Ab set aside a total of 15 million marks for the promotion, teaching and research of motor transport and agricultural mechanization, and in 1947 the Henry Ford Foundation was established, providing grants to students in the field of technology and agricultural colleges and for agricultural and transport research projects.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[10] In 1946, President J. K. Paasikivi received the Lincoln V-12, the finest car in its collection, as a gift from Ford Motor Company.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[11] In the decades following the wars, Ford cars have been imported into Finland from the Group's factories in the United States, Britain, Germany, Belgium, France and Brazil.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Until the 1960s, Fords produced in each country were cars so different in nature that they could have been classed each as their own brand.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

At the end of 1969, Finland had more than 73000 British and more than 24000 German Fords on the register.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[12] The most popular passenger car models from the 1960s to the 1980s were the Anglia, Cortina, Taunus, Escort, Capri, Fiesta and Sierra.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[10] The port of importing Ford cars was moved from congested Helsinki to Hanko in 1963 [13], but due to Hanko's traffically-cumbersome location, imports were moved to a new free port built in Turku in 1969.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[14] Fords manufactured in the United States were actively marketed in Finland until 1967, after which they have been imported mainly by special order.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[15] Oy Ford AB's net sales in 1982 amounted to Marks 813.9 million.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[16] At the end of 1988, 170,791 Ford passenger cars were registered in Finland and was the third most common passenger car brand after Nissan and Toyota.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Fords then made up just under ten per cent of Finland's total passenger car fleet (1795908 pieces).


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[17] Administration Jorma Ollila was on Ford's board from 2000 to 2008 as was Vodafone board chairman John Bond.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

[18] Models Models, Europe Ford B-Max Ford C-Max Ford Fiesta Ford Focus Ford Galaxy Ford Ka+ Ford Mondeo Ford Ranger Ford S-Max Ford Transit Ford Transit Connect Ford Transit Courier Ford Transit Courier Ford Transit Custom Ford Kuga Ford Mustang Ford Fiesta Van Ford Tourneo Ford Tourneo Custom Ford Tourneo Connect Ford Tourneo Courier Ford EcoSport Trucks, Europe Ford Rhein/Ruhr/FK (Ford Cologne) Ford Thames Trader Ford D Series Ford Cargo Ford Transcontinental Ford StreetKA 2004 Ford Focus 2004 Ford Mondeo Discontinued Models, Europe Ford 12M Ford 15M Ford 17M Ford 20M Ford 26M Ford Anglia Ford Capri Ford Comete Ford Consul Ford Consul Capri Ford Consul Cortina Ford Cortina Ford Cortina Ford Cougar Ford Courier Ford Cwt Van Ford De Luxe Ford Econovan Ford Eifel Ford Eight Ford Escort Ford Granada Ford Model Y Ford Orion Ford Pilot Ford Popular Ford Prefect Ford Probe Ford Puma Ford Rheinland Ford RS200 Ford Taunus Ford Thames Ford Scorpio Ford Sierra Ford StreetKa Ford Ten Ford Vedette Ford Vendôme Ford Zephyr Ford Zodiac 1996 Ford Escort RS Ford Scorpio Limousine Ford Sierra Sapphire Current Models, United States Ford Fiesta Ford Focus Ford Fusion (USA) Ford Taurus Ford Mustang Ford GT Ford EcoSport Ford Escape Ford Explorer Ford Expedition Ford C-Max Ford Transit Ford F-150 Ford Super Duty Ford E-Series Ford F-650 2018 Ford Expedition.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

2017 Ford F-150.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

2009 Ford Taurus.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Discontinued models, United States Ford 300 Ford Bronco Ford Bronco II Ford Custom Ford Crestline Ford Elite Ford Escort Ford Five Hundred Ford Focus (USA) Ford Freestyle Ford Galaxie Ford GT40 Ford Falcon Ford Fairlane Ford LTD Ford Mainline Ford Ford Model A Ford Model C Ford Model F Ford Model F Ford Model F Ford Model N Ford Model N Ford Model R Ford Model S Ford Model T Ford Ford Ranchero Ford Skyliner Ford Sunliner Ford Taurus X Ford Tempo Ford Thunderbird Ford Torino Ford Parklane Ford Pinto Ford Probe Ford Quadricycle Ford V8 Ford Victoria Ford Windstar Ford ZX 2 1921 Ford Model T roadster 1931 Ford Model A coupe 1932 Ford Deuce Coupe Hot Rod 1955 Ford Fairlane Victoria 1961 Ford Galaxie Sunliner 1965 Ford GT40 1973 Ford Pinto Pangra Ford Gran Torino Models, Australia Fairlane Falcon LTD Territory Models, Brazil P100 EcoSport Fiesta Ka Models, South Africa Figo Models, India Figo Ikon Models, China Ford Escort (2015) Tractors Ford Motor Company has also manufactured tractors.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Sources Literature Rahunen, E.: Oy Ford Ab 50 years 1926—1976.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Features of the history of Ford—Finland.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Huddersfield in 1976.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

On the subject elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When is Ford founded?

Ford Motor Company

(in Finnish) Category:United States Companies * Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

A motorway is a road for rapid movement solely for motor vehicle traffic.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

On the freeway, the different directions of travel are physically separated, and the freeway does not intersect on the same plane with other thoroughfares.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

The motorway practically always has at least two driving lanes in both directions and intersections with other roads have been implemented at interchanges.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

The world's first motorway was completed in 1924 to Italy between Milan and Varese.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

The first highways in Germany and the United States were built in the 1930s


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

In actual terms, however, the construction of motorways did not get off the ground until after World War II.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

Finland's first motorway was completed in 1962 between Munkkiniemi in Helsinki and Gumböle in Espoo.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

Definition of motorway In the 1968 International Convention on Road Traffic, the so-called Vienna Road Traffic Agreement, a motorway is defined as follows: From the last point, it is incurred that a road that meets all the requirements for the motorway but which is not marked as a motorway by road signs, is not a motorway.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

So, for example, Itäväylä, the initial part of Hämeenlinnanvää from The Haaga to Kehä III, and part of Kehä I with dual carriageways and interchanges resemble motorways but are not marked as motorways.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

Although it is not directly prescribed by the road contract, there are mostly at least two lanes on the motorway in both directions.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

Highways are also always duration-paved.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

The exact definition of a motorway and the technical requirements for highways vary somewhat from country to country.


Question: Where was the world's first motorway built?

Motorway

Traffic rules to be followed on motorways Also, traffic rules followed on motorways vary somewhat from country to country.