Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1730 Peter II died of smallpox, and Ivan V's daughter Anna Ivanovna (reigned 1730—1740), who had been Peter's co-ruler, ascended the throne.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He gained power with the support of the top brass, but had to bend to many concessions.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[5] Anna adopted the eight-week-old son of Anna Leopoldnovna, the daughter of her sister Catherine.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Empress Anna herself already died a few weeks later on 28 October 1740, and the four-faced Ivan VI (1740—1764) (reigned 1740—1741) ascended the throne.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

As regent, Anna had ordered Ernst Johann von Biron (1690—1772), duke of Curunland, who was loathed by the Russians, and Anna Leopoldovna eaten him from power in November.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In December 1741, Peter the Great's daughter Yelizaveta Petrovna (1709—1762) seized power with the favored assistance of the Guard and ascended the throne under the monarch name Elizabeth (reigned 1741—1762).


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[5] [7] Ivan VI was confined to prison, where he lived for the rest of his life.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[8] Elizabeth continued her father's reforms, and in her time the Moscow University (1755) and the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts (1757) were founded.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Mikhail Lomonosov, Russia's first prominent scientist, was admitted professor of chemistry at St. Petersburg University, and later rose to become its rector and 1764 interior minister.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[5] In 1726—1761, Russia was an ally of Austria against the Ottoman Empire and France.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the War of the Polish Succession of 1733—1735, Russia and Austria blocked the admission of a French candidate to the Polish throne.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the war against the Ottoman forces of 1734—1739, Russia again conquered Azov.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the Seven Years' War of 1756—1763, Russian forces were already at the gates of Berlin, but after Elisabeth died in 1762 Anna Petrovna's son Peter III (reigned 1762) made peace with Prussia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[5] Peter III was unpopular and his reign short.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

As the son of Anna Petrovna, daughter of Catherine I, and Karl Friedrich, a German Holstein-Gottorp, he had received a Lutheran upbringing and was considered a foreigner by the Russians.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After a six-month reign, the emperor was assassinated; behind the conspiracy were his wife and her lover Alexei Orlov.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

His wife ascended the throne as Catherine II in June 1762.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[5] During the reign of Catherine the Great Catherine II (reigned 1762—1796), Russia expanded significantly.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

There was war against the Ottomans again in 1768.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the peace treaty of 1774, Russia received a port on the Black Sea, and the Crimean Tatars gained independence from the Ottoman Empire.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Catherine annexed Crimea to Russia in 1783, leading to a new war against the Turks in 1787.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the Peace of Jass of 1792, Russia extended to the Dniester.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Catherine did not achieve her entire goal; to expel the Turks from Europe and re-establish the Byzantine Empire.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, the Ottomans no longer constituted a significant danger, although the Balkans remained under their control.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[9] Expansion westward led to the partition of Poland.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Poland had been weakened by the 18th century and its neighbors—Russia, Prussia and Austria—sought to place their own ruler on its throne.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1772, in the first partition of Poland, Russia received Belarus and Livonia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Poland then embarked on a major reform and democratic development, whose radicalism alarmed neighbouring countries, and they decided to weaken Poland further 1793.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Now Russia gained most of Belarus and Ukraine west of the Dnieper.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The division led to anti-Prussian and Russian uprisings, whereby by the Third Partition of 1795 Poland ceased to exist as an independent state.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Russia now lost Poland as a buffer territory and gained powerful German states on its border.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[9] The annexation of new territories also led to instability.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Catholic Poles proved troublesome citizens.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Russia had expelled all Jews in 1742 and, as a result of the new population, a law was enacted ordering Jews to remain in the western parts of the Empire.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Catherine initiated the Russification and unification activities that her successors also pursued by abolishing the independence of Ukraine, the Baltics and Cossacks east of the Dnieper.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[9] During the 1768—1774 war against the Ottomans, Russia experienced the first signs of social discontent.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the Pugachev Rebellion of 1773, Don Cossack Yemeljan Pugachev declared himself Tsar Peter III and received support from other Cossacks, Turkic tribes, Ural factory workers and serfs.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Pugachev's supporters took over a large area on the Volga, but the rebellion of 1774 was crushed by the regular army.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[9] As a result of the rebellion, Catherine decided to reform the administration and in 1775 she divided the country into provinces and districts with local government.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The overlords were relieved of the obligation to work for the central government, and many of them were placed in positions in local governments.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He also divided the people into the enactments of 1785, giving every part of the people its own responsibilities.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The supremacy now gained rights that even the emperor could not interfere with.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The status of serfs was not addressed.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Westernization continued and the increasing number of publications led to criticism from those who hold power.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1790, Aleksandr Radichchev published his book criticising the status and exclusivity of serfs, and, spooked by the Great French Revolution, Catherine the Great condemned him to Siberia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[9] Paul I Catherine II died 1796 and his son Paul I (reigned 1796—1801) succeeded him on the throne.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Aware that Catherine had planned to succeed her son, Aleksandr Pavlovich Romanov, Paul imposed a new succession to the throne, with the eldest of the children always succeeded.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He also founded the Russian-American Trade Company of 1799, which established the first bases in Alaska for fur fishing.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Paul was seen as unstable and indecisive, and could spin his older decisions unexpectedly, creating chaos and enemies.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[4] [10] As a European superpower, Russia did not escape the effects of the French Revolution.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Paul became a relentless opponent of France and joined Britain and Austria in the war against France.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1798—1799, Russian troops under Aleksandr Suvorov fought gloriously in Italy and Switzerland.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Paul, however, changed his mind and rejected as an ally.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

This led to a crisis in addition to domestic political problems, and Paul was assassinated in March 1801.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[10] First half of the 19th century Alexander I ascended to the throne as Alexander I (reigned 1801—1825) after the murder of his father, in which he was also implicated.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Alexander had been brought up in the spirit of the Enlightenment period, but he was also inclined towards romanticism and mysticism, especially in the latter stages of his reign.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He replaced colleges founded by Peter the Great with ministries, but lost interest in larger administrative reforms.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[10] Napoleon's growing power was the main concern of European countries, and Russia joined Britain and Austria again alongside Britain and Austria against Napoleon.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Napoleon defeated the coalition at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 and lobbed the Russians again at Friedland in 1807.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Alexander was forced to bend to peace, and by the 1807 Treaty of Tilsit he became an ally of Napoleon.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

To force Sweden into a British blockade, he conquered Finland in the Finnish War of 1809 and attacked another 1812 against Turkey, capturing Bessarabia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[10] The Russo-French alliance began to crack as Napoleon was suspicious of Russia's intentions regarding the Bosphorus and the Darnells, and Alexander doubted the purpose of the Polish Grand Duchy of Warsaw, which was re-established by Napoleon.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The continental closure of the United Kingdom did not serve Russia's economic interests, and Alexander said he disconnected from it in 1810.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In June 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia with the Grande Armée of 600,000 men.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The troops marched as far as Moscow, but failed to achieve a decisive victory.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

By the retreat, the army numbered only 30,000 men.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[10] With the allies, the French were driven back to Paris, and Napoleon was overthrown.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After the victory of the Allies, Alexander gained a reputation as the saviour of Europe, and his part was prominent at the Congress of Vienna of 1815 in redrawing the borders of Europe.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the same year he founded the Holy Alliance with Austria and Prussia, with whose leaders he declared that he would uphold Christian values in Europe.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

At the same time, countries protected their backs against the worrying values of exclusivity and demanding freedom from the French Revolution.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The union became a four-union with the advent of Britain.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[10] Russia continued its westward expansion.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Congress of Vienna re-established the Kingdom of Poland, to which Alexander granted a constitution.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In addition to the position of autocratic emperor of Russia and Grand Duke of Finland (1809), he also became the fundamental legal monarch of Poland.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1813, Russia conquered Baku in the Caucasus from Persia, and Alaska, too, was already firmly held by the Empire.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[10] Under Alexander I, the first revolutionary movements arose.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Officers returning from France brought with them the ideas of human rights, representative government and democracy.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Opposition to autocratics and calls for an end to serfdom began to increase.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The most radical were even ready for the violent end of autocracy by revolution.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The oddity that Congress-Poland had been allowed a legislative parliament accountable only to the Polish Viscount, while Russia had an autocracy without constitutions sparked discontent and several groups were preparing to revolt when Emperor Alexander unexpectedly died in 1825.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[10] Alexander's brother, Konstantin, who was next in the line of succession, refused the crown and his other brother Nicholas ascended to the throne.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

A group of officers with a 3,000-man force under their command refused to recognise the new monarch and instead demanded a constitution.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[11] According to the date of the revolt in December, it is called the Decembrist Revolt.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Decembrists posed as allies of Konstantin and demanded a constitutional monarchy to be formed around him, but there were also republicans among them.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After Constantin's refusal of the crown, the army crushed the rebellion.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Its five leaders were hanged, and the rest were exiled to Siberia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[10] Nicholas I Nicholas I (reigned 1825—1855) was born in 1796 and died in 1855.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He avoided his brother's religious and Enlightenment influences and sought to prop up his power as an autocrat by necessary means.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He created in 1826 the gendarmerie headed by the Third Department of the Emperor's Office, which oversaw the country's internal security.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

It was initially led by Count Benckendorff and subsequently by Alexei Orlov.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Censorship carefully controlled all publications.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1833, Minister of Education Sergei Uvarov confirmed monopoly, orthodoxy and nationalism as the guideline of the regime.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The principles did not bring popular support, but led to attempts to suppress minority nationalities.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Eastern Rites, which had been associated with the Catholic Church, were suppressed in Ukraine and Belarus in 1839.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After the French rebellion of 1830, Poles also rose up in revolt in 1830.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After the Eleven Months' War, the Poles were overthrown in 1831, the Polish parliament was dissolved, the constitution was repealed, and the country was made a province of Russia, with Russian as its official language.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In Europe's mad year of 1848, Nikolai was on the front lines defending the old system.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He provided assistance to the Habsburgs in defeating the Hungarian revolt and persuaded Prussia not to adopt a libertarian constitution.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Having helped prevent revolutions, Nicholas appeared to be the most powerful ruler in Europe.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[12] Despite the general atmosphere, Russian culture still rose to its heyday, Aleksandr Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev brought international fame and glory to Russia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Ballet was imported from France and established itself thanks to the compositions of Mikhail Glinka (1804—1857).


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

With the nationality cause, philosophers split into two schools (see Slavophiles and Zapadniks), others still saw Russia as backward and primitive, and sought to promote Westernization.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Still others focused on Slavic culture and disparaged Western influences.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Some of the latter saw the traditional peasant commune as an alternative to Western capitalism and as the social and moral savior of Russia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[12] As Nicholas sought to maintain the existing situation in Europe, he took a firm stance in charge of the Ottoman Empire.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Following Russia's traditional position as patron of the Orthodox, he aspired to become a protector of the Balkan Orthodox forces dominated by the Turks.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Russia waged a victorious war against the Ottoman forces in 1828 and 1829 and concluded the 1833 Hungari—Skeliss Treaty.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Under the cover of his international standing strengthened by the overthrow of the Revolutions of 1848, he provoked the Ottoman into the War of 1853 by conquering Moldavia and Wallachia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Fearing Russia would defeat the Ottoman, Britain and France joined the side of the Turks in the Crimean War.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Austria demanded a Russian withdrawal, and Prussia remained neutral, leaving Russia without allies.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

European forces recaptured the Russian fortified Sevastopol base after a one-year siege in September 1854.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Nicholas I died before the end of the war, but after the loss of Sevastopol and the rise to power of Alexander II, peace negotiations began and the war ended with the Peace of Paris on 30 March (J: 18 March) 1856.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[12] [13] The second half of the 19th century Alexander II Alexander II (reigned 1855—1881) succeeded his father in 1855.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He was a conservative, but reforms were bound to be made.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

He reformed education, administration, law enforcement, and the military.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[14] After the ill-ended Crimean War, Russia pursued a cautious foreign policy.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The 1856 Treaty of Paris had demilitarized the Black Sea and deprived Russia of Bessarabia and a strip of land at the mouth of the Danube.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Western European states gained the right to protect Christians of the Ottoman Empire rather than Russia, which had had this right since 1774 until the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainirj.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Alexander II's first objective was to once again gain access to his warship from the Bosphorus.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Britain and Austria (from 1867 Austria-Hungary) were considered the major obstacles to this plan, so France, Prussia and the United States became important partners.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Prussia (from 1871 the German Empire) replaced Britain as banker.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[13] After the Crimean War, the policy of expansion was continued in the direction of the Caucasus.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Numerous Muslim people—Chechens, Cherkesis and Dagestans—continued to resist despite numerous operations.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

It was not until the troops captured legendary Chechen leader Šamili's 1859 conquests that the 1859 conquests could be resumed.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The conquest of Tashkent from Kokand Khanate was a significant victory, and the country was annexed by Russia in 1866.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The lands were formed the Governorate General of Gubernija with its capital Tashkent in 1867.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Khanate of Buhara lost the Samakand region in 1868, but to avoid skirmishing with the British, some of the Buharan lands were left nominally independent on the borders of Afghanistan and Persia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Khanates retained autonomy until 1917.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[13] Following the United States, Britain, and France, Russia established relations with Japan and acquired concessions with Britain and France from China in the Second Opium War of 1856—1860.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the Treaty of Aigun of 1858 and the Treaty of Peking of 1860, Russia obtained extensive trading rights over the Amur and Ussuri rivers, and began building a port and base in Vladivostok.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In order to secure the Amurin—Ussuri area and obtain funds, Alaska was sold to the United States in 1867.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[13] In 1861, Alexander II freed 20 million serfs from the power of his masters.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Land was distributed to the farm laborers, but they had to pay dues to the state for fifty years.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The losses of the hosts were offset by bonds.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The government had hoped the freed would be able to support themselves and produce enough crops to export and offset government spending.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, the land distributed to the peasants was the poorest and due to inefficient farming methods, the peasants soon fell behind on their payments.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The value of landowners' bonds plummeted, and many were no longer able to farm the entire land they owned without labour and capital.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[14] Local government restructuring followed the emancipation of slaves.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The European part of Russia was organized into provinces and districts (zemstva) whose management was attended by representatives of all social classes and were responsible for schools, health care, roads, prisons and food distribution.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1870, urban councils, dumat, were established.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Often held by the former upper class, the administration imposed taxes and assigned manpower to carry out local government functions.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[14] In 1864, Western-style law courts with juries were established in major cities.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The new jurisprudence worked well, but the state did not have the funds to expand it to smaller villages.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Judges were prohibited from using precedents as grounds for judgments, apply they would have created a form of jurisdiction independent of state law.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[14] Censorship was revoked in part, and public debate was required on some issues before decision-making.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After the 1866 attempt was made to assassinate Alexander II, censorship returned, and the universities again lost the independence they had gained five years earlier.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The government also tried to impose a curriculum for school education, but lacked the resources to implement it.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[14] The State Bank of Russia was established in 1866 to stabilize the currency.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Russia did not invent a productive use for Alaska it owned, so it put that huge tract of land up for sale in 1867, the area was sold, along with the Aleutian Islands, to the U.S. state for $7.2 million: 4 cents per acre.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Ministry of Economy supported the development of railways to increase commerce, and established a Peasants' Land Bank in 1882 to spur the acquisition of additional land.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Admittedly, the Interior Ministry resisted the attempt and in 1885 established a noble land bank, which assisted nobles in financial trouble to avoid foreclosure on property.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[14] One of the goals of the emancipation of serfs was the intensification of the army, since before a serf could not leave his owner for military training only to return to being a slave.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Bureaucracy slowed the reform of the army until the Franco-Prussian War of 1870—1871 seemed necessary for the creation of a modern army.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The introduction of the call-out system in 1874 led to the duty of the Army to teach soldiers to be literate.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Still, despite the reforms, the military remained a backwater.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The use of a bayonet continued to be a popular tactic and rifle sights were feared to lead to cowardice.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Russia fell behind the others in the deployment of rifles, machine guns and artillery and in the field of navy.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[14] As part of its Europe policy, Russia supported French anti-Austrian diplomacy.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, the countries' cooperation tapered off after France supported the revolt of Poles against Russian rule in 1863.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Russia more firmly supported Prussia, accepting German reunification at the price of the Black Sea issue.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

This goal was achieved at the London Conference of 1871 after Prussia defeated France in the German-French War.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

United Germany became the most powerful state in Europe, allying with the Union of the Three Emperors with Austria-Hungary and Russia in 1873 to prevent these from forming an alliance with France.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, Russian and Austro-Hungarian ambitions crossed in the Balkans, where Christian Slavic peoples were under the rule of the weakening Ottoman Empire.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the 1870s, public opinion began to turn to the side of liberating Christians in the Balkans and the annexation of Bulgaria and Serbia as Russian protectorates.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1875—1877, there were rebellions in the Balkans in Bosnia, Herzegovina and Bulgaria, whose rebellions were brutally defeated by the Turks.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The major European powers did not react, but Serbia declared war on the Ottoman.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[13] In 1877, Russia came to the aid of besieged Serb and Russian volunteer forces by declaring war.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Within a year, the Russian army approached Constantinople and the Ottoman surrendered.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Generals and diplomats called for forcing the Ottoman to sign the Treaty of San Sterfanono, which would have created an independent Bulgaria stretching as far as the northwestern Balkans.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Britain threatened to declare war over the terms of the treaty, and Russia backed down.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

At the Congress of Berlin in July 1878, a smaller Bulgaria was created and the Western Balkans remained to Austria-Hungary.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Russian nationalists infuriated Austria-Hungary and Germany for their lack of support, but the renewed alliance of the Three Emperors remained in effect.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[13] The military focus shifted again to Central Asia, where there had been a defeated series of rebellions in the 1870s.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Britain became concerned again in 1881 after Russian forces occupied the Turkmen lands on the Persian and Afghan borders, but war was averted after Germany gave its support to Russia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Meanwhile, in Bulgaria, dissatisfaction with Russian meddling in its affairs grew, and the country turned to Austro-Hungary.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Germany supported Austria, but pacified Russia by entering into a bilateral defense alliance in 1887.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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After a year, however, Bismarck banned further loans to Russia, and France took over as the main financier.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Following the sacking of Emperor William II, Bismarck's 1890 German-Russian military alliance ended, and Russia entered into an alliance with France three years later, to counterbalance the 1879 German—Austro-Hungarian alliance.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[13] Revolutionaries assassinated Alexander II with a homemade bomb on 13 March (J: 1 March) 1881.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Into power came to power was his son Alexander III, who continued to tighten the grip of the regime by organizing the police as Ohrana, which was placed under the control of the Ministry of the Interior and given special powers.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Interior Minister Count Dmitry Tolstoy put in place the posts of land captain, to which the supreme positions supervised the provinces and the powers of the zemstva and the Duma were reduced.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In an attempt to save Russia from modernism, Alexander III enacted religious censorship, persecuted minority religions and peoples, initiated persecutions of Jews, and reduced the authority of universities.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Poles, Finns, Latvians, Lithuanians and Ukrainians reacted to unification efforts with accelerating nationalism and many Jews joined radical movements.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The secret societies and political movements continued to grow despite the state's attempt to suppress them.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[14] The early stages of industrialization throughout the second half of the 19th century Russia developed more economically slower than other states.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Otto von Bismarck unified Germany in the 1860s.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The post-Civil War United States rapidly strengthened with the British investing the proceeds of their empire there and Southern and Eastern Europe sending their excess populations there.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Modern Japan emerged after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 as a national backlash against the opening by American Admiral Perry with naval power of the Japanese market.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

As giant as Russia was, it could neither create nor memorize enough capital for industrialisation.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[15] France sought to invest significantly in Russia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Swedish Nobel family is well known for its investments in the oil fields of Baku.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In terms of population, the land was considerably larger than its western counterparts, but the majority of the population lived in rural areas, engaging in small-scale farming.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Four-fifths of the rural population were former serfs and state peasants.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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20% of the agricultural land was large farms over 50 km², but they were rarely cultivated as a single unit.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[16] Between 1850 and 1900 Russia's population doubled, but the land remained agricultural-dominated well into the 20th century.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Between 1850 and 1910, population growth was fastest among the major powers, with the exception of the United States.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[16] Industrial growth was significant but volatile and not very extensive.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The most industrialized regions were Moscow, the central regions on the European side, St. Petersburg, the Baltic cities, Russian Poland and some areas along the Don and Dnieper rivers and the southern regions of the Ural Mountains.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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By 1890, Russia had 32000 kilometers of railway and 1.4 million factory workers, most in the textile industry.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Between 1860 and 1890 coal production had increased by 1200% to 6.6 million tonnes per year and steel and iron were produced by 2 million tonnes per year.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The state budget doubled, though debt expenses quadrupled, taking 28% of government spending in 1891.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[16] Revolutionary movements The reforms of Alexander II, especially the relenting of censorship, led to a freer expression of political opinions.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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While the government sought to win support for its policies in era and newspaper publications, movements critical of the government and exclusivity also got out loud.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[17] In the 1860s—1880s, the radicals were known by the generic name narodniks, and mostly focused on peasant affairs, which they referred to as narod (people).


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In the 1860s, Nikolai Chernychevsky suggested that Russia could move directly to socialism, bypassing capitalist society.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Other radicals included anarchist Mikhail Bakunin and his associate Sergei Netshayev, who called for direct action.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Pyotr Tkatchev spoke out against Marxism, arguing that revolutionaries had to act before capitalism developed.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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At the incitement of moralist and individualist Pyotr Lavrov, hundreds of idealists left their educational institutions in 1873 and 1874 for the countryside to create a popular movement, but the populists' campaign failed after the peasants rejected the ideas of urban idealists.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[17] As a result of the failure in 1876, the propaganda organization Zemlja i volja (Earth and Freedom) was created, which relied on terrorism.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The group was renamed the Narodnaya volja (People's Will) three years later, under which name it operated in connection with the 1881 assassination of Alexander II.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In 1879 Georgi Plekhanov formed a propaganda group for Earth and Freedom under the name Chornyi peredel, whose goal was to redistribute all land to peasants.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The group studied Marx's doctrines but remained mostly underground until 1887 group member Aleksandr Ulyanov attempted the assassination of Emperor Alexander III.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Authorities caught up with him and he was executed.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The execution shocked Aleksandr's younger brother Vladimir Ulyanov, who joined the People's Will Organization and later adopted the pseudonym Lenin.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[17] Alexander III Alexander III (reigned 1881—1894) was not to become monarch, as he was the second eldest son of Alexander II.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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However, after the illness and death of his brother in 1865, and due to the murder of his father, he ascended the throne on 13 March (J: 1 March) 1881.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Already in his Coronation Manifesto, he stated plainly that no changes were coming to the autocratic form of government, nor did he change his mind later.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In his view, Russia would be saved from agitation by anarchists and revolutionaries the same values espoused by the older generation of Slavophiles — nationality, orthodoxy and autocracy.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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For him, an idealistic state would consist of a single nationality, language, religion and government.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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This would be achieved by setting Russian as the school language for German, Polish and Finnish subjects, and by destroying the remaining remnants of German, Polish and Swedish institutions from the outer provinces.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[18] At the end of the 19th century, Russian backwardness reached critical relations: the 1891 decay claimed half a million lives.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In return, extensive, but costly, renewal projects were needed.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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To implement these was appointed Minister of Finance in 1892 Sergei Witte.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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He organized foreign borrowing, organized an unstable currency for the gold standard, and accelerated the development of heavy industry, including the building of the Siberian Railway.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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These actions were intended to modernize the country and secure the Russian far east against the threat of Japan and China.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Despite the late-century slump, coal, iron and oil output tripled, and Russia rose in number of rail miles to second place behind the United States.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Yet grain production and exports did little to grow, and doubling government spending ate up some of the economic growth.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[19] Industrialization increased the number of factory workers in cities.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Much of the industry was held by state and foreign owners, leaving the laborers with considerable influence in the absence of a rich bourgeoisie.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In the 1890s—20th centuries, unhappy working and living conditions, high taxes, and the poor status of peasants led to many strikes and disorganization.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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These also encouraged political organizing.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[20] Poles in Russia, hardest hit by periods of repression, founded the Polish Socialist Party in Paris in 1892.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The party's founders hoped to unify a Poland divided between Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Jewish laborers founded the 1897 Party (Bund), which gained support in western Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and Poland.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party was founded 1898.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The Finns remained separate, but the Georgians and Latvian Social Democrats joined the Russian Party.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In the south, politically active Muslim peoples were attracted by Islamic unity and pan-Turkism.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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However, the United Social Revolutionary Party, born on the basis of the Narodnik movement, was formed as the largest party, with a mainly agrar-socialist programme.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[20] The young Vladimir Ulyanov was exiled 1895—1899 in Siberia, where he took the name Lenin from the Lenjoki River.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In December 1900, he founded the Iskra magazine (Spark), believing that a magazine produced abroad could create an organized revolutionary party to oust autocracy.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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He also acted to create the Social Democracy Party of Russia tightly organized and united.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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At the second party congress of 1903, he forced the Federation of Jews to walk out, and was expelled from the party by the Menshevik fact, believing in spontaneous activity of workers rather than centralist guidance.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[20] Early 20th century With the death of Nicholas II Alexander III on 1 November (J: 20 October) 1894, power was inherited by his eldest son Nicholas II (reigned 1894—1917).


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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On crowning day 1896 in Moscow, thousands of people trampled to death in pursuit of the emperor's gifts.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[21] Nikolai heard of what had happened the next day, but at the urging of advisers did not cancel the banquet dinners, which was considered a bad sign.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Nicholas was ill-prepared for his rise to power due to his father's early death and relied on his wife for governmental matters.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[22] The wife of Aleksandra Fyodorovna (born Alix von Hessen-Darmstadt) and the court were inclined to mysticism.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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This was highlighted by the haemorrhagic disease suffered by heir to the throne Aleksei (d. 1904), at which point the Tsarist family sought help from the mystic Grigory Rasputin, who claimed that he could, by the power of prayer, stop the bleeding.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[23] Nicholas II travelled somewhat and, among other things, made a trip to the far east, causing him to be slightly injured.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[22] At the turn of the century, Russia gained space to expand in Asia thanks to accelerating competition from Britain and Germany.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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1895 Germany competed with France for the popularity of Russia, and the British government hoped to negotiate a treaty for a division of interests in Asia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Thus Russia came in between at the conclusion of the Japan-China War of 1895.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In negotiations, Japan was forced to retreat and cede the Liaotung Peninsula and Port Arthur in southern Manchuria.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1900, the Chinese responded to the encroachment of foreign powers with the Boksar Revolt, which was defeated by European, U.S. and Japanese forces.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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180,000 Russian troops fought in Manchuria to keep possession of its newly completed railroad.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Japan demanded that Russia, backed by the United States and Britain, withdraw from Manchuria, and Minister Witte and a few diplomats were prepared to swap the territory for Korea, but courtiers, navy and army representatives, and the emperor rejected Japan's threats, despite its alliance with Britain.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[24] Japan declared war in 1904.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In January 1905, Japan conquered Port Arthur after an eight-month blockade, and in March Russian forces were pushed north of Mukden.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The fleet sent to aid in May suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Tsushima.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[24] Revolution of 1905 A broad strike that began in December 1904 had left St. Petersburg without electricity and newspapers.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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On January 22 (J: January 9) 1905, Orthodox priest Georgi Gapon led a peaceful march in Saint Petersburg to take a petition to the Emperor to the Winter Palace.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The crowd carried icons and sang anthems, but nervous security forces opened fire.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Known as Blood Sunday, the event claimed up to thousands of casualties and led to a general strike and rioting.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[25] Seventy protesters were shot in Riga and more than a hundred in Warsaw.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[26] In February, the army lost about 89,000 men in the battle against Japan.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[27] Strikes spread to the Caucasus and in April to the rear of the Urals.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[28] In May, almost the entire fleet was lost at Tsushima.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[27] Navy detachments mutinied in Sevastopol, Vladivostok and Kronstadt.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[29] In June, the crew of the tank ship Potjomkin mutinied while sailing their ship to Romania.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[30] In the October Manifesto written by Witte and Aleksandr Obolensky, the emperor finally conceded to the recognition of basic civil rights, to allow political parties and the right to vote.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Nicholas II himself regretted the manifesto that led to the end of autocracy.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The strikes ended shortly after the manifesto, however the last fighting was still fought in December between the Bolsheviks and the government in Moscow.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[25] The unrest and diplomatic pressure that led to the 1905 Revolution forced Russia into peace with Japan.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In an agreement brokered by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, Russia ceded the southern part of Sakhalin Island to Japan, recognizing its domination over Korea and Matchuria.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[31] The first National Duma was elected in March 1906.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The Socialists boycotted the elections, so the Constitutional-Democratic Party, or so-called Cadet Party, rose to the lead.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The new constitution came into force on 6 May 1906 and the Duma met for the first time on 10 May [32].


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Nicholas II sacked Witte and elected Pyotr Stolypin a more sympathetic Pyotr Stolypin as his prime minister.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Relations between the Duma and the government remained tense.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[25] The First Duma was dissolved by the Emperor in July 1906 due to new requirements and because the Duma served as a “hotbed of agitation”.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Left parties won plenty of seats in the Second Duma, but the deadlock continued, and the Second Duma was dissolved in June 1907.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The new electoral law reduced the influence of the poor and minority nationalities, and the Third Duma was made more conservative, dominated by the Octobrists, or Octobrists.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[25] [33] One of Stolypin's reforms was the new land law, which came into force in 1906, which allowed private ownership and sought to break up traditional village communities, or mirit.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In doing so, he hoped to create a new class of landowners loyal to the Tsar.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, most peasants were unwilling to give up community security or allow outsiders to buy land.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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By 1914, only a tenth of the mires had been demolished.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The economy grew significantly between 1907 and 1914, with steel production exceeding those of France and Austro-Hungary.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[33] In 1911, Stolypin was assassinated by a double agent in Ohrana and the Minister of Finance Vladimir Kokovtsov took his place.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[33] By manipulating voting rights, the government organized the Duma to its liking, but less representative of the people, and if necessary it was bypassed entirely by imperial edicts.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The implementation of civil rights was postponed, and neither the laborers nor the Orthodox Church were allowed to organize themselves as they wished.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Repressive measures against Poles, Finns, Jews, Ukrainians and Old Believers were resumed.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[33] The Balkan Japanese victory of 1905 forced Russia into treaties with it and Britain.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the division of interest concluded in 1907, Russia gained northern Matcheuria and northern Persia, Japan southern Manchuria and Korea, and Britain southern Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

To ensure the split, Russia and Japan agreed to keep the United States out of China.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After the Chinese Revolution of 1911, Russia and Japan agreed on the partition of Outer Mongolia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

To protect its strategic and economic interests, Russia went into a trialliance with Britain and France against Germany.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[34] In the Balkans, Russia competed with Austria-Hungary.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In 1908, Foreign Minister Aleksandr Izvolski agreed to support the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, occupied by Austria since 1878, into Austria in exchange for an agreement on Bosphorus and Dardanelles neutrality.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, Britain was categorically opposed to this, allowing Austria to gain Bosnia without any counter-concessions.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[34] In 1912, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro defeated the Ottoman in the First Balkan War, but in 1913 the alliance was broken and the Serbs, Greeks and Romanians were defeated in the Second Bulgarian War.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Austria-Hungary now became the patron of Bulgaria and Germany of the Ottoman Empire.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Russia, in turn, allied itself with Serbia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The complex network of alliance relations was extremely unstable with Bulgaria and Serbia being rivals of each other and the Serb resentment against Austria-Hungary over the annexation of the Serb territories of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[34] In June 1914, Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, which it considered culpable.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Although Serbia was ready to concede for the most part, for Austria the answer was invalid and it withdrew its envoy from Serbia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After the Austrian declaration of war on 28 July, the network of alliance relations went into action following Russia's declaration of 1909 support for Serbian independence, German support for Austria-Hungary and French Russia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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After Germany invaded France through Belgium, the war escalated into a world war.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[34] World War I Russia's large population allowed it to equip more troops than Germany and Austria-Hungary combined.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, the troops were as poorly armed as Austria's, and for Germany the Russian army did not fare as in number of troops.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In the early stages, the invasion of East Prussia tied up the German forces enough to stop the German attack on the perimeter powers of the west.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, the Russian II Army was almost completely destroyed at the Battle of Tannenberg, which forced a withdrawal from East Prussia and after which Russia was, throughout the rest of the war, on the defensive against Germany.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[35] The Austro-Hungarian offensive was repulsed and the counterattack advanced into eastern Galitsia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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However, the 1915 German—Austrian Spring and Summer Offensive drove the Russians from Galitsia and Poland and resulted in extensive losses.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[35] The Circum-Powers had already agreed upon the territorial changes caused by the victory, Russia had to receive Eastern Galitsia from Austria-Hungary, East Prussia from Germany and Armenia from the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war; in addition, control of Constantinople, Bosporus and the Darnells.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[35] February Revolution However, the national feeling at the beginning of the war changed to unrest caused by deprivation and discontent as the war continued.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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In the summer of 1914, the Duma and the zemstvot were alone with votes in support of the government's war effort and the German-derived name of the capital, Peter, was changed in the national mood to Slavic Petrograd.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Mobilization proved to be record-breaking rapid based on the experience of the Russo-Japanese War and surprised the Germans.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, German control of the Baltic Sea and Ottoman rule at the mouth of the Black Sea soon led to goods shortages and severe inflation.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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A Military Industrial Committee was set up to ensure the return of military equipment.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, the military leadership did not trust the civilian administration and took control of the administration of the front areas, refusing to cooperate with the committee.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The central government did not rely on independent outreach activities organized by zemstvos and cities.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Duma was mired in conflict with the war bureaucracy and government, and centre-left representatives founded the 1915 so-called progressive bloc, which demanded a government installed by the Duma.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[36] After the defeats of 1915, Nicholas II left for the front and assumed the position of nominal commander-in-chief from his uncle Nikolai Nikolaevich.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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He was now linked to every adversity in the military.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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Left in the capital were his German-born wife, Aleksandra, and the debauched Rasputin, who now wielded significant power in politics and the appointment of ministers.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[36] In 1916, food prices and fuel shortages caused strikes in some towns.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Workers who had gained seats on the Military Industries Committee took advantage of it to create a political opposition opposed to the government.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The countryside, too, began to become restless.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Soldiers, especially the rural population who were at high risk of being cannon fodder because of the unworthiness of war-leadership, became unruly and unwilling.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Of the 15 million soldiers sent to the front, 4.6 million had been killed or wounded.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[37] Due to material shortages some had to be sent to the front unarmed, they were instructed to take the guns from their fallen comrades.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The price of grain was rationed, leaving the revenue from it no longer sufficient for the purchase of consumer goods.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[36] In December 1916, a group of nobles decided to get rid of Rasputini and he was assassinated.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The increasing confrontation between the Duma and the emperor's government branded both incapable of their actions.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

In early 1917, rail transportation capacity collapsed leading to fuel and food shortages.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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[36] There was rioting and picketing in Petrograd, the strike expanded to a general strike from 10 March (J: 25 February).


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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General Sergei Habalov, who commanded Petrograd's 160,000 man force, was ordered to pacify the city.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

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The next day several hundred were shot, but the strike continued on the 12th (J: 27th).


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The troops were again ordered to the streets, but they turned to the protesters, setting up the Petrograd Workers' and Soldiers' Representatives Council.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[38] [39] To suppress the rebellion, units had to be withdrawn from the front.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Nicholas II left towards Petrograd, but his train was stopped at Visher station, from where he had to return to Pskov.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

After the commander of the troops sent to the capital received information from Habalov of the extent of the rebellion, these troops also returned.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[39] On 15 March (J: 2 March), the Duma established an executive committee, organized with the support of the Petrograd Council into a provisional government.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Prince Georgi Lvov became the prime minister of the government.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

The Duma also decided on the creation of a Constituent Assembly, but its elections were postponed until autumn.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Government representatives met Nicholas II in the evening of the same day in Pskov, where he manifesto renounced the crown and handed it over to his brother Michael.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Michael announced the next day that he would agree to become emperor only if the Constituent Assembly decided to do so.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[38] [39] [40] First the United States, then Britain, France and Italy quickly recognized the ad hoc committee set by the Duma as the legitimate government of Russia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[40] The February Revolution made Russia a de facto republic.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[41] Emperors of the Russian Empire the title of Emperor of Russia was taken by Peter I the Great after expanding and westernizing Russia in the early 18th century.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[3] The last emperor was Nicholas II.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Titles Russian emperors also held a large number of other titles, some of which referred to territories and localities not included in Russia.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

At the end of the 19th century, the Emperor held the following list of titles: Emperor and autocrat of All Russia, Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir and Novgorod, Tsar of Kersonessos of Kasan, Astrakan, Poland, Siberia and Tauri, Lord of Pskov and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Lithuania, Volhynia, Podolia and Finland , Prince of Estonia, Livonia, Curonia and Semgallen, Samogitia, Białystok, Karelia, Tver, Yugoria, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgaria and others, Nizhny Novgorod, Chernigov, Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslav, Beloe Uzero, Orian, Obdorian, Vitebsk and Mstislav and the whole Lord and Grand Duke of the Northern Territory, Lord and Ruler of Iberia, Cartalinia, Georgia and Kabarinian and Armenia, Cherkesh and Mountain Princes, et al. Inheritance Prince and Sovereign, Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Dithmarschen and Oldenburg etc etc. [42].


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

However, many documents used a shorter list of titles referring only to Russia, Poland and Finland.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

[42] See also rulers of Russia List of administrative regions of the Russian Empire Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Curtis, Glenn E.| title = Russia| location = Washington| publisher = GPO for the Library of Congress| year = 1996| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Country Studies]}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Arthur Mee, J. A. Hammerton, Arthur D. Innes| title = Harmsworth history of the world: Volume 7| location = London| publisher = Carmelite House| year = 1907| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [online version]}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Facta 2001.


Question: How did the Russian Revolution affect the Russian Imperial Army?

Russian Empire

18 — Ved—Ö| publisher = WSOY| year = 1986| version = Keyword “Russo-Japanese War 1904-05” | id = ISBN 951-0-10239-3}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Juhani “Jussi” Aho (originally Johannes Brofeldt, since 1907 Juhani Aho; 11 September 1861 Lapinlahti — 8 August 1921 Helsinki) [1] was one of the first professional writers to have a long career in Finnish.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

His career as a writer lasted forty years.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[2] Aho's production often mentions the short stories he wrote, shavings, and in them and other short prose he was at his best.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Youth Aho's parents were Henrik Gustaf Theodor Brofeldt and Karolina Fredrika Emelie Snellman, to whom a total of ten children were born.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Born in Vahni rectory in Lapinlahti, John or Juhani was the eldest of them.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

One of his younger brothers was the writer and headmaster Kaarlo Brofeldt.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[3] Father had taken part in the awakening of the early 19th century, but he later switched to Beckian theology.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

The mother remained awakened until her death.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[4] The religious background of the parents may have been the reason for Aho's pro-Awakening attitude.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

For example, in his novel, Aho, a market man in Muua, has portrayed the awakened as sympathetic and righteous people.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[5] Also in the short story collection Awakened (1894) he creates a positive image of the awakened [4].


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aho attended Kuopio Lyceum from 1872 and matriculated in 1880.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[6] After that, he studied Finnish language, literature and history at the University of Helsinki.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[6] Aho gained attention as a young student when he won a writing competition in his own municipality.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[7] A writer's career Aho wrote several novels and short stories.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

In 1884, he opted out of the university to become a writer and free editor.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[6] Aho worked for several journals and co-founded Päikalehti, whose successor Helsingin Sanomat he assisted until his death.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[6] The first short stories were published in 1883.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[7] Jo Aho's early production embodied realism, but it also brought a new look to it by dealing with the conflict between the new and the old (for example, the first novel Rail from 1884).


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

His main work reads The Railway, a story about a rural man and a man who first hear about the railway and finally want to get to see it.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Juha, the most notable work of the writer's late period, has been the subject of two operas and four films.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aho is also known for the type of short stories he developed, his popular short stories or shavings, the most famous of which is when Father bought the lamp.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Although shavings have gained great popularity among readers, the author himself did not exactly establish them, but rather described them as flying songs along with the rest of the creation work.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Between 1891—1921, eight collections of shavings appeared.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[2] Aho's production is multifaceted.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

It includes psychological realism (among others Alone), [8] naturalism-converging realism (to Helsinki) and even essayistics (also strongly impressionism) converging shavings [9].


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aho also translated fiction, especially Nordic but also French.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

He also participated in the work of the Bible Translation Committee from 1906—1920.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[10] Several of Aho's works are folk depictions.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

He did, however, write descriptions of both the common people and the civilisation.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[7] In the Priest Madam, nature photography emerges as a central illustrator of the inner lives of persons [11] and thus differs further from typical realism.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aho's production is divided into different phases, one of which coincides with the 1890s, when Aho's life became established and interest in gale lighting and awakening was ignited [12].


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

The most significant part of Aho's production is represented by shavings, a term coined by Aho for short texts.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[13] At his best, he was just in short prose [12].


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aho was the first Finnish writer to actually live by writing.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[7] Already in his lifetime he became a kind of national writer, which caused him to write too much and participate in various public functions, which in turn dispersed his powers.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[7] Aho was also one of the most famous Finnish writers of his time in Europe, because translations of his books appeared quite quickly.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[7] As early as the 1890s, his books had been translated into ten languages.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[2] His parents dreamed of international markets and the Nobel Prize.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[6] Aho was also nominated for the Nobel Prize several times.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[14] Private life Aho's home conditions also influenced his literature.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

In the background of the triangle drama of the novel Juha, the love of two sisters appears.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aho was married to artist Venny Soldan-Brofeldt, but also loved Tilly Soldan, his wife's sister.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[15] All lived in the same yard, and Aho had children with both sisters.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[16] Aho had a close connection with Elisabeth Järnefelt, whose “school” he belonged.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Their correspondence lasted for years.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Järnefelt encouraged the young writer to seek his own way.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[17] Similarly, Aho had a warm relationship with Minna Canth, [10] who became infatuated with Aho.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aho's relationship with Järnefelt, but also with Canthi, is portrayed by Tarja Lappalainen in his book Salonki life—love, quarrels and the fire of writing [18].


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aho contracted diphtheria and death was caused by a previously diagnosed dilation of the heart.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

The blessing ceremony took place in the Chapel of the Deaconess Institute in Helsinki on 12 August 1921.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

The costs of Aho's funeral were paid by the Finnish State [6].


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

The funeral became a national celebration of mourning.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[12] Commendations State Writer's Pension 1906 [6] Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Helsinki 1907 [6] The rank of professor was offered 1919, but Aho refused [6] there is a Juhani Aho school in Iisalmi, [19] and the city also houses a museum about him [20] Juhani Ahon The road can be found in Eira and Hanko in Helsinki, Juhani Aho street in turn in Kuopio and Iisalmi.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Aimo Tukiainen made a bronze statue of Aho in 1961, like that in Iisalmi and Eira [21] [22] Aho was the first Finn buried at the expense of the state.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

[6] Works Around the time Dad bought the lamp.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

1883 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Kievar's yard; Other market man| publisher = WSOY| year = 1884}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Railway| publisher = WSOY| year = 1884| version = novel, illustration Eero Järnefelt}} Citation error, replace with {{{ cite book| title = Priest's daughter| publisher = WSOY| year = 1885| version=novel}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Lord of Hellman; For example | publisher = WSOY| year = 1886}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Juhani Aho, Kauppis-Heikki and Pekka A| title = Novels| location = Kuopio| publisher = Wickström| year = 1888}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1889| version = report}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Description| location = Kuopio| publisher = Kastegren| publisher = Kastegren| In bookstor| year = 1889| version=short story collection}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Else marketman| publisher = WSOY| year = 1889| version=2nd edition}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Alone| publisher = WSOY| year = 1890| version = novel}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Chips: narratives and description| publisher = WSOY| year = 1891}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = New chips: narratives and description| publisher = WSOY| year = 1892}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Juhani Ahon written by shavings: a selection of Chips and New Chips| publisher = WSOY| year = 1893}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Priest's Lady | publisher = WSOY| year = 1893| version = novel}} Awakened: descriptions of awakening times, short story collection.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY IN 1894.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

The world, the narrative, the beginning photos of the chapters Eero Järnfelt.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY IN 1894.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Finnish picture book for children and youth, illustration by Venny Soldan-Brofeldt.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Hagelstam, Helsinki 1894 Stories and descriptions, illustration by Eero Järnefelt.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1896 Chips: Third Collection.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1896 Panu: descriptions of the final struggle between Christianity and paganism in Finland, novel.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY IN 1897.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

My juniper people: and other new and old shavings from 1891 and 1899.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1899.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Three chips for children.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1899 Chips: Fourth Collection.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1899 Juhani Aho booklets for Nationals 1—2.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1900 My Juniper People.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

2nd series.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1900 Man of Cause: features from the life of August Fredrik Soldan.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1901 Citizens' Address 1901: Report on Citizen Address in 1901 by Juhani Aho and Others. WSOY 1901 A study of the causes of the disease: dedicated to the “cause of peace”.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1901 on Formation of Hunting Areas and Management of Forest Game.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1902 Panu: a four-act play.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY IN 1903.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Shavings: the fifth collection.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1904 Antti Ahlström: hans lif och verksamhet, biography.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Helsinki 1905 (appeared in Finnish 7 booklet under the name Antti Ahlström's life work.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

1907—1910) Chips: a selection for schools: supplied by the author.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1905 Spring and Back Winter 1—2, novel.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava in 1906.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Whatever about Italy, travelogue.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava in 1906.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Verdict: a three-act play.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava in 1907.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

What What About Tyrol, travelogue, illustration by Bjorn Wasastjerna.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava 1908.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Animals, short story collection.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1911 Juha, novel.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava 1911.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

From my newspaper man days.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava 1911.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Landscapes: a selection of shavings.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1912 Recollections and travel photos: Newspaper times 2.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava in 1912.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Sasu Punanen: and other shavings.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1912 Sea of the base: shavings.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1912 In the Mountains and Beyond the Mountains, a short story collection.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava 1912 Conscience: An Insular Narrative, Novel.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava 1914.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Pictures and illustrations of Finnish history 1—3.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

1915 Hermit of Peace, novel.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava in 1916.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Shavings: the seventh collection.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1917 Distractions from Revolt Weeks 1—3.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1918-1919 Compiled Works 1—10.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1918-1922 Love, short story collection.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1919 Remember?


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

: flowers from a spring meadow.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1920.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Chips I-III.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1920.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Chips IV-VII.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY IN 1921.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Assembled shavings 1—2.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1921 Chips 8: Salmon chips and fish bills.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY IN 1921.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Travel photos: what from Italy: what about Tyrol: from trips in your own country!


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1922 Shavings for Children, illustration by P. Halonen and V. Soldan-Brofeldt.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1923 Chips: a selection for schools: supplied by the author.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1926 Animal shavings.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1928 Chips of Children.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1929 From Kosio Trip to the World Sulk: Nine Narratives.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1948 Selected works, introduction Vilho Suomi.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1953 Compiled Works: Supplements 1—3.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

WSOY 1961 Girl in red dress and other shavings: Narratives by Juhani Aho for school use, edited by Urho Somerkivi and Aaro Nuutinen; illustration by Lauri Manninen.


Question: What was Juhani “Jussi” Aho's firstborn novel?

Juhani Aho

Otava 1972 Selected works, preface by Pirkko Alhoniemi.