Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

According to the book The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, a matter of public knowledge came in 1925 when Röhm sued a 17-year-old boy prostitute who had robbed him the next morning.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

[1] The day after the 1932 presidential election, a news story was published on the front page of the newspaper of the Social Democratic Party of Germany revealing Ernst Röhm's homosexuality.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

After the matter came out, Hitler berated a blushing and squirming Röhm with malevolence.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

At this point, however, he did not let the scandal interfere with his power aspirations.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

So far, the nature of the old comrade's private life was indifferent, as long as he did not interfere with minors.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

[2] Sources Literature Kurt Gossweiler: Die Röhm-Affäre; Hintergründe — Zusammenhänge — Auswirkungen, 1983 Alexander Zinn (Soziologe) |Alexander Zinn: Die soziale Konstruktion des homosexuellen Nationalsozialisten, Frankfurt/Main 1997, ISBN 3-631-30776-4 Ernst Röhst Röhst M: Die Geschichte eines Hochverräters, Munich, Eher, 1928 Ronald Smelser: Die braune Elite.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1989 Lothar Machtan: Hitlers Geheimnis.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

Das Doppelleben eines Dictators.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

Frankfurt, Fischer 2003 On the subject elsewhere Kurt Tucholsky aka Ignaz Wrobel's article on Röhm's homosexuality in Die Weltbühne 26.04.1932, Nr.


Question: Why did Hitler arrest Ernst Röhm?

Ernst Röhm

17, S. 641 Class:SA Leaders Category:NSDAP Politicians Category:Murdered on Night of Long Knives Class:Those born in 1887 Class:Persons who died in 1934 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

Toivo Juhonpoika Vähä (, 1925—1939, Ivan Mikhailovich Petrov,, 12 April 1901 in Iitti — 18 June 1984, Petrozavodsk [1]) was a Finnish-born colonel of the border guard forces of the Soviet intelligence service KGB.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

He is known, among other things, for his involvement in the capture of British spy Sidney Reilly in 1925.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

In the 1918 Civil War, Vää fought on the Reds side and fled after the war to Soviet Russia.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

He completed the International Red Officer Course and thereafter made a long career in the Red Army.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

Vää was one of the few Finnish revolutionaries to survive Stalin's persecution.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

In his later years he criticized Stalinism and the Soviet system.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

He was still critical of the mistakes made by the Communist Party at a meeting of party veterans the year before his death.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

Little also suggests that the Red Refugees of the Finnish Civil War should have returned to Finland at one time, because “the decapitation dust of Mannerheim would not have been any worse than Stalin's”.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[2] Life Early years The parents of Toivo Little born in Iiti were the working man Juho Kustaanpoika Vähää and Maria Vilhelmiina Lindström.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

There were six children in the family, all sons.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] The family lived in Haukilahti, Joutseno, among other things, where Little's classmate at the national school was later Vilho Rosendahl, known as a Red Officer himself.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[3] After his father got a job in Tuprova near St. Petersburg, Toivo moved in with his uncle in Helsinki.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

At the age of 14, Vähä got a job at Kone- ja Siltarakennus Oy, which operated in the Sörnäinen district, from where he soon moved as a shoemaker pupil to a shoe factory and later in the summer of 1916 to fortress work outside Helsinki.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

In the same autumn Vää also moved to Tuprova himself, where he worked in a steam sawmill and a paper mill.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

After the February Revolution of 1917, the other Little Brothers also moved to the St. Petersburg region.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] In January 1918, Vähä joined the Red Guard detachment established at the Tuprova Workers' House, which soon became part of the Finnish Red Guard in Saint Petersburg.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

She was transferred to 1st Company of the Guard, which on 27 January departed for Finland in the voyage of the so-called large gun train.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

While escorting a gun transport, she participated in the Battle of Kämärä and later served as an artillery dispatcher on the Vilppula front.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

During the retreat towards the end of March, Little Company managed to avoid remaining in the White cordon and eventually retreated east as far as the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

After the Battle of Vyborg, the division moved across the Raja River to the Soviet-Russian side.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] In the Russian Civil War and as a Red Officer in Saint Petersburg, Vää joined the Red Army and later participated in battles of the Russian Civil War across the country.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

In the summer of 1919 he served as a horseman of a separate International Cavalry Battalion in Siberia, from where Vää was sent in August to cavalry officer courses in Saint Petersburg, where he also became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in February 1920.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

Instead of attending cavalry school, however, Vähä decided to complete the infantry red officer course at the St. Petersburg International Red Officer School, from which he graduated in 1923.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] Hope Little of the five brothers also four others completed the Red Officer Course.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[4] During his course time, Vähää participated in the arrests of suspects in the Kuusinen Club murders in September 1920, the overthrow of the Kronstadt revolt in early spring 1921, and the defeat of the East Karelian uprising in winter 1922.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

After the Battle of Kiimasjärvi in January 1922, Vähä killed three captured Finnish tribal soldiers with a knife on the orders of Toivo Antikainen, who led the expedition, when they could not be taken with the ski company.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

One of those killed was Antti Marjoniemi, a patron for whose murder Antikainen received a sentence of life imprisonment in Finland in 1935.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] After his graduation from Red Officer School, Vää was seconded to NKVD service.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

From March 1923 he served as chief of the border post located on the Karelian Isthmus, from 1924 to 1925 in the regional administration of the secret police GPU in Leningrad, as well as serving in 1925 for another short time at the border post Siessere.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] She also had time to marry Finnish-born Sanni and a little later a daughter was born to the couple.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[5] Operation Trusti In 1924, the Soviet Russian secret police Czeka recruited Little for Operation Trust.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

At its head was Stanislaw Messing, a Polish revolutionary who served as chief of the Leningrad Chekheka.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

This was an operation launched three years earlier to distract Russian counter-revolutionaries and Western intelligence services.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

He posed as a Russian border guard ready for money to assist Bolshevik opponents and transport them across the Siesoffer to the Soviet side.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

The General Staff, responsible for intelligence in the Finnish Army, considered Vähä reliable because he had been recruited by an agent who was employed by it while considering Vää a regular Soviet border guard.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

Initially, smuggled goods passed through Little, but soon he began organising border crossings for counter-revolutionaries, emigrants, British agents, as well as General Staff scouts.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[6] The most famous border crossing occurred in September 1925, when the British spy Sidney Reilly was successfully lured to the Soviet side.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

The functionality of the route had been checked only a few days earlier when a courier of the counter-revolutionary general Aleksandr Kutepov had passed across the border and found Little to be reliable.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[6] He assisted Reilly on the Soviet side near the Lower Village of Valkeasaari and escorted him to Parkala railway station, where Reilly was nevertheless arrested.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

He was later executed in November.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[5] Little, in turn, was rewarded for catching Reilly with the Red Flag Badge.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[7] In order to avoid exposing his operation, Czeka decided to stage Little Death.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

He was given a new identity and a rumour circulated in Leningrad that Vää had been shot as a traitor.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

He was initially held at the Hotel Europeiskaya and was thereafter secretly transported by train from Leningrad to Moscow.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

From 1925 to 1928, Vähä studied at the Border Guard College under the name Ivan Petrov until he was identified.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

Lää was transferred to the border with China on the Argun River, where he 1929 took part in the fighting of the border incident with China.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] Stalin's persecutions and World War II In 1934—1937, Vää served initially in the Black Sea and later in the Belarusian Frontier Corps.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] Little had hidden his true identity and his earlier life from everyone.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

He had even left his family and remarried.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

The couple was born a girl who, like Little's first child, was named Lilija.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

During Stalin's persecutions, the Finnish accent of the border guard began to attract attention and eventually Little's real identity came out due to the whistleblowing.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[5] In February 1938, Vää was imprisoned in connection with the KGB's purge of foreign nationalities.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

In addition to being Finnishness, suspicions arose Little belonging to the army commander I executed in connection with the treason charges of Marshal Mikhail Tuhachevsky.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

P. Uborevich.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

As a popular enemy, Vihä was sentenced to death and waited in Minsk in a remand prison for nearly a year for his execution.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] During his imprisonment, Vää wrote to Stalin, went on hunger strike and even attempted suicide.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[5] In November 1939, he was unexpectedly promised to be released if Vähä volunteered to join the Finnish People's Army established as the army of the government of Terijoki.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] Later, Vahä himself speculated that he possessed an influential secret helper in a high position, [2] but, on the other hand, there was a sorely shortage of qualified officers after Stalin's purges, and as war drew to a close, they had to be faded even from prison camps.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[8] In the Finnish People's Army, Vähä served at the beginning of the Winter War as head of the intelligence division in Terijoki and after the turn of the year 1940 as commander of a ski regiment.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

After the end of the Winter War, Vähä served as commander of Infantry Regiment 126, part of the Red Army's 71st Division.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] Valter Valli was the chief of staff of the regiment, mainly of Karelians, Ingerians and Finns.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[9] Following Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Vää was transferred first as commander of Infantry Regiment 143, which was in reserve, and from there on to the Southwest Front as commander of Infantry Regiment 936.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

In September, Vää was seriously wounded in the vicinity of Staraja Russa.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

After his recovery, he served as chief of the Zlatoust Infantry School in the Urals until January 1946.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] Last years Promoted to Colonel, Vää served after World War II while still in the security police service in Kaliningrad until resigning and becoming director of a liquor factory in the Zhytomyr region in Ukraine.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] Operation Trusti finally came to public prominence in the Soviet Union in 1964.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

In connection with newspaper stories written about it, Little's name was also mentioned and at the same time both her families found out the truth.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[5] Vää retired in 1967 and moved to Petrozavodsk, where he began writing his memoirs.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

The autobiography was published in 1970 and translated four years later also into Finnish under the name Finnish punikit.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

In addition, Vähää wrote three other memoirs on Operation Trust, among others.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

His production also comprises a few short stories published in Red Flag magazine.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[10] In 1990, journalist Oleg Tihonov published a documentary novel about Lesser Eyewitness.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[7] Toivo Vää died in 1984.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[1] On his grave in Petrozavodsk there is a monument erected by the KGB.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[5] In 2001, Petrozavodsk took place in Petrozavodsk, as the centenary of Little's birth came to pass.


Question: When did Toivo Lää retire?

Hope Least

[5] Decorations Lenin Decoration Red Flag Decoration of October Revolution Decoration Red Star Commendation of Peoples Friendship Works Finnish Puniks (1970) Trust Mission (1973) Adolescent years (1978) My border (1981) Sources Category:Reds of the Finnish Civil War Class:Decoration of Friendship of Peoples Class:People born in 1901 Class:Those who died in 1984


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Continuation War was fought between Finland and the Soviet Union from 25 June 1941 to 19 September 1944.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Continuation war was fought on the Finnish front at the same time as Germany was carrying out a widespread invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finnish front had been divided between German and Finnish forces, with the Finns in charge of the Southern Front and the Germans for the Lapland Front.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland was not, by law, an ally of Germany, as there was no treaty of alliance.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Instead, Finland was effectively an ally of Germany, giving its territory at German disposal, subjecting its forces to Germany, and receiving arms aid from Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

At the beginning of the war, on the southern front section, Finnish troops recaptured areas lost in the Winter War and advanced across Syyr and the Leningrad defensive lines.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In December 1941, the offensive was halted and a station warfare phase that lasted more than two years began.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The northern front sections were unable to obtain the severed Muurmann track and the German forces were unable to advance on Murmansk.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive in June 1944 broke through the Finns' foremost defensive lines.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

After heavy interceptor fighting, the guns were lowered to 4—5.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Moscow Intermediate Peace was signed on 19 September 1944 and was confirmed in the Peace of Paris 1947.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The intermediate peace terms of the Continuation War included, among other things, forcing German troops out of Finland, leading to the Lapland War against Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Pre-war events The peace in Moscow, which ended the Winter War in March 1940, was not peace in the truest sense of the word.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Europe was at war and Finland remained under martial law as well.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

During peacetime, the 100000 members of the lifting crew who remained untrained were ordered to enter service and their military training in the final stages of the Winter War to increase the low perceived reserve was commenced.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Squad leaders who had rehabilitated in the Winter War were asked to remain as loyal sub-officers for the training mission.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland was targeting an internationally identified possible maximum of the population, which could be disconnected from other duties to army service, i.e. 16%.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In the case of Finland, this was considered sufficient only for the operational defence of the entire eastern border.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

General Aksel Airo had written a book on the subject after the Winter War, Honor - Motherland, in which he considered Finland's own defence possibilities superficially viewed only in the light of numbers to be almost non-existent.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Foreign countries' estimates of Finland's defence capabilities before the Winter War were based on the same criteria.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[1] Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April 1940 and quickly captured the countries.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In May, Germany invaded France.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The northern part of the country was occupied directly by Germany and the southern part was formed by the German-controlled Vichy government, which refused to continue fighting.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Britain prepared for major air battles to prevent extensive German bombardment aimed at capturing the British Isles against it.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Baltic Sea had been closed by the Soviet Union and Germany, the only free passage to the oceans for foreign trade was the troublesome and long Liinahamar route to Petsamo.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

When Germany had also occupied Northern Norway by mid-June, Finland's physical isolation was almost complete: Germany would have been able to quickly cut off Finland's last open foreign trade route to the west if it wished, [2] and the same could have been done by the Soviet Fishermen and From the central blockade.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In June 1940, following the German takeover of Denmark, Norway and finally France, the Soviet Union began pressuring Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The first demand was to recover all equipment taken away from the Karelian Isthmus and Hanko rental area.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

A stake in Petsamo's nickel mines was also called for.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In July, the Soviet Union made a demand for the demilitarization of Åland, and the right to train transport across Finnish territory to Hanko.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[2] The agreement for transit from Finland's eastern border to Hankoniemi was signed in early September.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not reduce its pressure on Finland until early spring the following year.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[3] The political climate during the intermediate peace was pressing; for example, the demonstrations and the resulting riots of the Finnish and Soviet Peace and Friendship Society and the downshooting of the Aero airliner Kaleva in the Gulf of Finland in June 1940 at the same time as the occupation of the Soviet Union The Baltic States, was perceived very strongly in Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland was in a tight gap in foreign policy when Norway and the Baltics were overrun, Germany and the Soviet Union were in a diplomatic state of peace with each other, and Sweden's proposed confederation with Finland in October 1940 fell into opposition from the Soviet Union and Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Red Army Staff had issued instructions to the Leningrad Military District for a new war against Finland on 18 September 1940.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The order was further refined on 25 November with the requirement to draw up an attack plan in case of a situation in which Finland would be the enemy alone.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Baltic Fleet drew up a plan to take over Åland and the forces of the Hanko base were transferred under the Leningrad Military District and its defensive direction was reversed on 12 November 1940 parallel to the mainland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In the Soviet Union, the management of Finnish affairs was transferred to the Main Administration of State Security (GUGB) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Ministry), and in addition, invasion forces began to be transferred to their grouping areas.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov visited Berlin in November to ask German leader Adolf Hitler for consent to the occupation of Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, as the Germans had already included Finland in their invasion plans Hitler warned the Soviet Union to stay out of Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The rapprochement of Finland and Germany on 6 September 1940 Finland concluded a transit agreement with the Soviet Union for traffic to Hanko.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In August 1940, Field Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim, Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces, received an intelligence from Germany to allow the transit of German troops from ports in the Gulf of Bothnia to Kirkenes.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

At the same time, it was announced that it was possible for Finland to buy military equipment from Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Transit agreement: On 12 September, the Finnish General Staff and the German Air Force agreed to transport Luftwaffe crew and equipment through Finnish territory.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

A political agreement between the states on 22 September also allowed for transport by German land forces.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

A further increase in holiday traffic was negotiated in October.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The first troops came ashore at Vaasa on the 22nd and 26 in Oulu.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[4] The ore of the Kolo River in Petsamo, Germany saw as vital to its war industry and Petsamo as an indispensable stepping stone for the invasion of Murmansk.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union, on the other hand, after the end of the Winter War, felt no interest in Petsamo's nickel reserves, nor Petsamoo as a military territory.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[5] When the German authorities were planning to integrate Scandinavia into their own economic area, Finland was also included from April 1940, even though the country was part of the Soviet Union's interest.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[6] The situation at the nickel mine changed sharply in July 1940 with the Finnish and German I.G.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

With the agreement reached by Farbenindustrie.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Negotiations had been taking place since the spring, with the deal promising Germany 60% of production.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

German negotiators reported the ore to Berlin to be worth more than RM1 billion and enough for 20 years to cover the entire nickel need of Greater Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Late in the year, the Germans increased the ore volume estimate fourfold.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

After negotiations began, the Soviet Union already proposed the transfer of the mine concession to itself in June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Soviet forces intensified the claim by grouping to the frontier, and fortifying the Fishermen's blockade.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

England took a steeply negative view of mining negotiations with Germany, halting Liinahamar merchant ships.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland negotiated with everyone in a politically tight gap.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finns negotiated in tense moods in Moscow seven times, until February 1941 without agreeing to the Russians' demands.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviets also negotiated with Germany until March 1941, unsuccessfully.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[5] In protest, the Soviet Union stopped its exports to Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[7] Soon 90% of foreign trade was handled through Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Military cooperation between Finland and Germany began with negotiations between the countries' highest military command in the winter of 1940—1941.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Chiefs of General Staff held talks in Berlin in January.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Among other things, the Germans inquired about how long it took Finland to get its army to the border with the Soviet Union, and also received a response.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

From February 1941, road construction and reconnaissance cooperation with the Germans were conducted in Lapland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

German troops began arriving in Finland, which eventually reached 40,000 when the Continuation War broke out.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

During February—March, the Germans engaged in systematic reconnaissance in northern Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In April 1941, an engineering company in Ratas began to recruit volunteers for the Finnish battalion of the Waffen-SS's Wiking Division.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Enlistment continued into June 1941.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The first recruits left for Germany for training in May 1941.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[8] On 25 May 1941, during Operation Barbarossa and Finland, the Finnish Supreme Military Command visited the German General Staff in Salzburg, where a German military delegation led by General Alfred Jodl explained the planned invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Germans presented a plan of cooperation between German and Finnish combat forces.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland was asked to commit Soviet forces on its borders and participate in the offensive against Leningrad.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

During further negotiations between different types of weapons in Berlin 26—28.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On May technical and tactical information was exchanged.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[9] A transit permit was issued for German troops through northern Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The attack plan included the use of Finnish territory.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In particular, Finnish Lapland played an important role in taking control of Murmansk with the Germans aiming for the Arkhangelsk equality.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In the south, the attention of the Germans was drawn to the Gulf of Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, so that the recapture of Leningrad and its complete destruction would have become possible.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In May, the Finnish Supreme Command decided to take part in Germany's planned war expedition against the Soviet Union.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

At the beginning of June, Germany was informed of the terms of participation: Finland should remain independent in future, Germany had to attack first, and only after the Soviet Union began the war effort would join the Finnish front.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[10] On 3 June 1941, during negotiations with Germany in Helsinki, it was agreed that, with Finland going to war with the Soviet Union, Germany would come to Finland's aid.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

At the same time, negotiations in Kiel agreed to joint war efforts, including mining the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, when war broke out.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Ore and Uti airfields were made available to the German Air Force even before the war.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Beginning on 7 June 1941, German troops intended for the invasion began arriving in Finnish ports.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On June 15, 1941, Mannerheim subjugated General Siilasvuo's army corps in northern Finland under German control.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On 18 June 1941, Finnish Air Force aircraft were painted yellow Eastern Front insignia in accordance with the German Luftwaffe.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On 22 June 1941, Germany launched the offensive and, as previously agreed, used Finnish airspace and airfields to bomb the Soviet Union.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[11] The Germans began grouping invasion forces in northern Finland during the first week of June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finnish protective forces began moving into their positions on June 10, 1941, on June 17 a general mobilization was declared in Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On June 21, the government ordered 45,000 residences on the Soviet borders to be evacuated.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Transfers of German troops to Northern Finland Preparations for the arrival of German troops began immediately.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Arrangements were handled under the guise of transit organisation, and German forces were not authorized to move east of the Arctic Oceans until 18 June, when it was thought preparations for the invasion east had already been exposed anyway.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Two divisions of German troops, 20,000 men from Stettin and 10600 men from Oslo, were shipped to Oulu and transferred as train transports to Rovaniemi.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Shipings began on 5 June and the last troops were at Rovaniemi on 14 June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On 7 June, SS Division Nord began a march from Norway along the Arctic Sea Road via Vuoso and Sodankylä to Rovaniemi.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The passing march of the 8000—9000 man strong division's vehicle column lasted 10 hours.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The division was at Rovaniemi on 10 June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

A total force of 40600 men was concentrated in the Rovaniemi region, from where on 18 June they began moving towards Salla.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[12] The German Norwegian Army Staff moved to Rovaniemi on 15 June, Army commander Colonel General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst arrived a week later.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Two days after the HQ, Luftwaffe aircraft landed in Rovaniemi.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Of the corps, two mountain divisions (2nd and 3rd)


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

moved from Norway to Petsamo only on 22 June, [13] [14] for preparations German pioneers in civilian attire had already been allowed into the country a day earlier.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Petsamo's German divisions began an attack towards Murmansk on 29 June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Events just before the start of the war by order of the Finnish Air Force Staff, automatic morsing equipment was installed in the Lahti Radio Station and Turku and Oulu radio masts on 21 June for radio navigation of German bombers.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[15] According to Dr. Hannu Valtonen, who studied aviation history, German bombers flew at night 21—22.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

June from East Prussia through southern Finnish airspace to the north of Ladoga and thence south to the Leningrad region, where Germany and the Soviet Union engaged in the first air battles of the operation after about three o'clock in the early hours of the morning.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The German bombers then flew to Utt, Finland, where they refueled and from where they continued on to their home fields in East Prussia.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[16] 21—22.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

During the night between, the Germans in cooperation with the Finnish State Police took over the Soviet consulate in Petsamo and the Finns arrested the entire staff of the consulate and their families.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The German Gestapo confiscated the consulate's archives for examination and later forwarded them to Valpo.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[17] The German naval forces were taking advantage of Finnish territory, they had been relying on the Finnish coast and ports since mid-June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[16] The Finnish warfare command had already ordered the U-boat squadron on 17 June to take part in mining the Estonian coast and on the evening of 21 June the U-boat squadron received an execution order for its mission.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, Finnish submarines and Finnish and German ships began mining the Gulf of Finland to prevent the free passage of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The effort was to ensure that the Soviet fleet would not be able to distract from the Gulf of Finland to the flank of the Germans' land front to the Baltics, and to prevent an attack on Åland, the control of which was vital for Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Mining was extended on the 22nd off Soviet-occupied Estonia (including Tallinn).


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finnish submarines laid mines on the Estonian coast between 7:28 a.m. and 9:06 a.m. on 22 June 1941.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[18] [19] When information arrived in Finland about the start of the German invasion, the Finnish Navy immediately began Operation Kilsailing, i.e. the transfer of troops to the demilitarised Åland Islands.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Soviet aircraft carried out the first air attack of the war against the Finns after attacking warships involved in this operation as well as coastal forts at 6:05am on 22 June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In addition, artillery fire began from Hanko to Porsöhu, Storholm and the mainland at 6:50am [20] Adolf Hitler declared in a radio speech on 22 June that Finland would fight together (Im Verein) with Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland announced that it would remain neutral in foreign policy, but Hitler's speech was embarrassing for the country's leadership, it signaled to the world that Finland was allied with Germany in the war against the Soviet Union.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[21] These actions also led the Soviet Union to initiate military action against Finland, as it considered Finland to allow its territory to be used to attack itself.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Despite the coordinated naval warfare initiated with Germany and the army stationed by Germany from the level of Nurmes as far as Petsamoo, Finland declared that it remained neutral in foreign policy.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] The course of the war The war begins Soviet attacks against Finland began at 06:05 on 22 June, when the Soviet Union bombed a Finnish naval division at sea.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Subsequently, on the same day, Finland participated in the mining of the southern Gulf of Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On the same day Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

German planes returning from the bombing flight stopped in Finnish territory for refueling.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviets responded by bombing Finnish military targets in Finland with aircraft and cannons.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland refrained from returning fire and tried to assert neutrality in the new war.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

A significant war effort was avoided between Finland and the Soviet Union for a few days.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On June 24, 1941, the Soviet Union evacuated its legation in Helsinki.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[11] On 25 June 1941, the Soviet Air Force bombed Helsinki, Turku and Porvoo, as well as a dozen other localities, with about 500 planes, of which 27 planes were shot down on Finnish territory.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Based on these bombings and past events, in its communique to parliament, the government had reached the conclusion that the country had fallen into a state of war.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

This position was adopted by Parliament [27].


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On the same day 25.6, Prime Minister Jukka Rangell stated on the radio that Finland was again at war with the Soviet Union.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

War was declared on 26 June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finnish army and German troops in Finland began a ground offensive.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finnish army launched a major offensive in Ladoga Karelia in the direction of Korpiselä on 10 July with its focus on the left wing.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The brunt of the attack was the advance of the 1st Ice Brigade, commanded by Colonel Ruben Lagus, which reached the shores of Ladoga within days.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[28] By the end of August, the Karelian Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Erik Heinrichs had reached the limits preceding the Winter War.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finnish people who experienced the Winter War were, with rare unanimity, behind the country's leadership and the reclamation of lost Karelia.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The new war was seen as a continuation war of the Winter War, aimed at righting the wrong suffered.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[21] On several occasions the Soviet Union demanded Britain declare war on Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent Marshal Mannerheim a personal, private and secret letter expressing regret that Britain will soon have to declare war on Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Churchill also urged Finland not to cross the old border.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The letter is preserved at Britain's Imperial War Museum.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[29] Britain severed diplomatic relations on 1 August and threatened with war on 22 September unless the advance was cut off.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Following Finland's accession to the Anti-Comintern Treaty on 25 November, Britain filed an ultimatum demanding a cessation of hostilities by 5 December.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

After remaining without a satisfactory response, London announced on Finnish Independence Day, 6 December, a declaration of war on Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Relations with foreign countries deteriorated as Finnish forces advanced.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, the actual war effort between the two countries was already limited to the earlier bombing of Liinahamar on 30 June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Australia, Canada and New Zealand also submitted a declaration of war to Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Already during the civil war in 1918, Mannerheim had issued a declaration in Antrea on the Karelian Isthmus stating that we should not put his sword in a sheath until Finland and East Karelia were free.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In the Continuation War, Mannerheim issued his famous so-called sword-sheath day order, in which he referred to his declaration.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

There were also mentions of a large Finland in the daily order, which even at that time caused negative attention in political circles.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, Finland occupied the most extensive territory in its history.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Many people outside the right wanted to annex East Karelia to Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The grounds were not only ideological and political, but also military: the so-called line of the three isthmus was easier to defend than the previous frontier.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

With Germany backed, there was an opportunity to do so.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On the other hand, there were economic motives in the form of exploitation of forest reserves in East Karelia.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, the territories were not legally annexed to Finland; only the territories lost in the Winter War were declared by Parliament as belonging to Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The management of the territories was provided by the Military Administration of East Karelia, which made preparatory measures to annex the conquered territories to Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Internment camps were established in the conquered territory, which in their own time were referred to at first as “concentration camps” and later as “displacement camps”.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[30] They were excluded: [31] (a) “unnational population from those areas where their stay in view of military action could not be permitted”; (b) “politically unreliable persons belonging to the national and non-national population of the military administrative territory”; (c) “in exceptional cases other persons belonging to the population of the Military Administrative Region whose vacancy was deemed undesirable”.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

When defined as the national population, the Finnish population was perceived as a native population.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[32] [33] The population of Väisniemi, Syyrinlaakso and Maanselänänänänänisthus, who traditionally happen to speak Russian, were moved from the front line to camps not only to prevent attacks by Soviet partisans, but also to protect civilians themselves.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In addition to this, refugees of non-Finnish descent were packed in Vänisniemi from all over the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic; while waiting in vain for transport across Sänisjärvi, they remained in the hands of the Finnish Defence Forces.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Based on the research literature, it can be estimated that evacuees or refugees from near the fronts may have numbered up to 16600 of the people placed in camps in East Karelia.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

This would mean more than 69% of the camps” highest population, which was 23984 people, on April 1, 1942.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[34] Mortality in the concentration camps of occupied East Karelia was up to 3.75%, significantly higher than among the free population of the same region (2.6%), in Finland (1.31%).


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The main reason for the high mortality rate among East Karelian campers appears to have been poor nutritional status and, to some extent, their age structure: a high relative proportion of women aged 20—30 years and minor children (almost 50%).


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[35] During the Continuation War, about 62000 Inger Finns migrated to Finland from the German-occupied Inger region.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The war of positions Mannerheim and Ryti had a negative view of the conquest of Leningrad and its direct support, as well as the severing of the Muurmann line in order to hold the argument for a separate war and to keep Finland better prospects for peace negotiations even after Germany's eventual defeat context [36].


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The advance of the Finns stalled on Mannerheim's orders in December 1941, when the so-called positional warfare phase began.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

It lasted two and a half years.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On 6 December, the territories lost in the Winter War were annexed back to Finland by the Parliament in restoring the borders of the Peace of Tartu.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, production and foreign trade declined, creating problems for the country's food supply.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The most difficult food situation was during the winter between 1942—1943.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In this case, for example, frontmen experienced deficiency diseases, and especially in some younger men general weakness due to lack of food.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The situation was saved by imports of food supplies, mostly from Germany and the countries under its influence.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In addition, the situation of the frontmen was facilitated by German troops in northern Finland, who victualled 50,000 Finnish soldiers in their area of responsibility.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Despite the practical problems brought with them by long transport journeys, monotonous food and limited portions the victualling of the frontmen was satisfactorily successful.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

There were a total of 300 cases of deficiency disease that required hospitalisation among frontmen during the Continuation War, which can be considered quite a small number.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[37] In 1942, fighting continued fragmented at Sycolour and Kiesting.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finns' only offensive war during the entire war of positions remained the capture of Suursaari in March.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[38] On June 4, Mannerheim reached the age of 75 and was promoted to Marshal of Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The day was designated by defensive force as a flag feast day.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In Helsinki, a street was announced to be named in his honour.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Adolf Hitler unexpectedly visited Mannerheim's birthday party in Immola and complained that he had not been able to ensure Romanian oil for Germany to do anything for Finland before or during the Winter War.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

A recording of Hitler's “soliloquy” by the Finns also clarified the level of Soviet arms race that had surprised Hitler.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On his return visit to Germany, Mannerheim had apparently received further information about the German “expedition to the East” because, after his return, assessed to Defence Minister Walden the German “expedition to the east” as ending in disaster.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviets sent a military detachment behind the Finns front line around Rukajärvi.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, the Finns defeated the attempt in a short chase.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

After Germany suffered defeat at Stalingrad, efforts began to be made in Finland to distance themselves from Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The parliament began to show dissatisfaction towards Ryti, which was manifested by Secretary of State R.J.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On Witting's criticism of Ryti's signing of an anticomintern contract.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Parliament refused to extend the power law granted to Ryti.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, this did not prevent his re-election to an additional two-year term in February 1943.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, Prime Minister Rangell's government was switched to a less pro-German one led by Edwin Linkommies.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The government held together mainly thanks to the Social Democrat finance minister Väinö Tanner.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Initial peace talks on Peace were held through the year, but no agreement was reached.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

As early as 8 February, the Soviet Union declared its willingness for peace.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The United States insisted on maintaining Finland's independence, and the Soviet ambassador to Washington, A. Litvinov, stated that the Soviet Union did not intend to occupy Finland as a whole.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finns received the same insurance from Aleksandra Kollonta in Stockholm.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland insisted on the 1939 borders as the basis for peace negotiations, but the Soviet Union was informed that Finland's representative is welcome to negotiate in Moscow, but Finland's proposal should not include territories not belonging to it before the war.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Peace terms were locked up among the Allies at a Tehran conference in December.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the recapture of Berlin.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy landings, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring over 300 lives.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government informed Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

At the time Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

From Syvar, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Of particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, Äyräpäsä—Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The more than two-division-strong force that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasonen, according to which the Soviets aimed not at occupying Finland, but at peace, took place at the headquarters.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377 according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to the official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

On 2 September, the parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland had to decrease the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial losses for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outside, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The British government in principle did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomants' defeat 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Offensive phase Continuation War Resistance Summer 1944 solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel Diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of front men in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology | year = 2006| version = Dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyksi, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

E.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

(ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Drabkin, Artem & Irincheev, Bair (ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with the eyes of the Red Army| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, film about JR 61 on the Syväkä and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: What were Finland's losses in the Continuation War?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Joel Kwiatkowski (born March 22, 1977 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

According to Ulf Andersson of EliteProspects.com, he was an offensive defenceman in his style of play who played a good puck game and was good at pitching.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In his career in the NHL, Kwiatkowski played a total of 282 regular season and six playoff games with a power score of 16+29=45 and amassing 247 ice minutes.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He also played in Russia, Switzerland and Sweden in his career.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski was also on the verge of winning World Championship silver in 2009.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Today, he serves as an assistant coach for ECHL team Kalamazoo Wings.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[1] Player Career Following his junior years and first professional seasons, Kwiatkowski moved from the local junior league in Saskatchewan to the Tacoma Rockets of the WHL Junior League for the 1994—95 season.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

For the 1995—96 season, the club moved to Kelowna, British Columbia and changed its name to the Kelowna Rockets.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In the middle of the season, however, Kwiatkowski transferred to the Prince George Cougars.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Following the season, he was drafted in the eighth round by the Dallas Stars as the 194th player in the NHL's draft pick in 1996.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In the 1996—97 season, Kwiatkowski was the Cougars' most effective defenseman and third best point man with powers of 16+36=52.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He was selected to the season-ending second constellation field of the WHL's Eastern Conference.


Question: Which team did Joel Kwiatkowski play for in 2018?

Joel Kwiatkowski

For his final WHL season, 1997—98, Kwiatkowski was the Cougars' most effective defenseman with powers of 21+43=64, [2] with which he finished fifth in the league defensemen point exchange.