Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The Riste and Peipohja stations on the Pori line appeared as alternative junction stations envisaged in the early 20th century when a rail link from Helsinki via Loimaa to Satakunta was planned.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[3] [7] In 1965, a large area of land from the southern part of Kokemäki near Pitkäjärvi was transferred to Harjavalta.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The entire municipality of Kauvatsa was annexed to Kokemäke in early 1969.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[3] Emblems Title Plant & Animal Nominal Plant: The Yellow Sword (Iris pseudacorus), also briefly referred to as the cucumber sword, is a handsome plant of damp places.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

It is found in central and southern Finland, in some places further north up to the height of Oulu.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Nominal animal: The plume jumper (Vanellus vanellus), is a shorebird in the family Kurmizos, common in temperate Europe and is also found in temperate regions of Asia at nesting time.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The name plant and animal of Kokemaki were selected by vote in 1997 at the Kulkikila Night event.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Keepers were named keepers in Kokemäki in the 1980s as graavian salmon, salmon soup and Hilja Vienonen gingerbread.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[8] Coat of arms The coat of arms of Kokemäki municipality was designed by Gustaf von Numers and was confirmed on 4 February 1953.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The image of the coat of arms is of Bishop Henrik's visit to Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The coat of arms explanation is “in a blue field with a silver, golden-peared and -ribboned bishop mitre”.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Landscape The Tulkkila Museum Bridge in the centre of Kokemäki is the most used of the city's informal emblems.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

It is on company logos as well as in connection with event names, as well as on the website of the city of Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the town every five years since 1980.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

On 1 January 2017, the regional division used is in accordance with the situation.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Conurbations At the end of 2017, Kokemäki had 7,381 inhabitants, of whom 4,340 lived in built-up areas, 2,954 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of the residence of 87 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; the built-up rate of Kokemäki is 59.5%.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[9] The population of Kokemäki belongs to only one agglomeration, namely the central district of Kokemäki, which had 4,340 inhabitants at the end of 2017.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[10] Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Kokemäki has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [11] Kokemäki Parish of the Finnish Orthodox Church parishes in the Kokemäki area is the Turku Orthodox Congregation.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[12] Former Parishes The following list lists the parishes abolished in the historical period in the present area of the city of Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[11] Kauvatsa Parish (attached to Kokemäki Parish 2007) Administration and Politics The mayor is Nina Kivi.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

He started 2018.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

His predecessor was Reijo Siltala. [13].


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The Kokemäki City Council has 35 seats and 11 seats in the city board.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Percentage of party votesChangeCenter156435,813+1Social Democratic Party of Finland 115226,39+1National Coalition Party 92721.27+2Left Union64414,75−1Christian Democrats862,01−1 Known Persons born or influenced in Kokemäki Eemeli Aakula, MP Gust Aakula, American-Finnish journalist and anarcho-syndicalist Gustaf Adolf Avellan, linguistic researcher and translator Ari Hakahuhta, journalist Teemu Heino, taekwondo athlete Lars Hordeel, Vouti of Upper Satakunta and Turku Castle E. J. Horelli, medical advisor Toivo Horelli, politician Väinö Horelli, Professor Martti Jalkaen, Mayor of Kokemäki 1984—2013 Frans Peter von Knorring, Vicar General, Father of Åland School Department Aapo Korkeaoja, performance artist Juha Korkeaoja, politician Teemu Lehtilä, actor Svante Lehtonen, professional unionist and journalist Kullervo Manner, journalist and politician Mika Marila, alpine skier Juhani Merikallio, radio journalist Tyyne Paasivuori, MP Osmo Pertola, “Kokemäen Uuno”, entertainment artist Antti Potila, former Director General Pekka Puustinen, Economist Jorma Rudanko, legal counselor Erkki Ryymä, politician J. Savolainen, musician Pablo Seppä, musician, actor E.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

N. Setälä, Professor, State Counselor Reijo Siltala, Doctor, Mayor Ville-Juhani Sutinen, poet, Finnish writer and literary critic Jan Timoska, footballer Sampsa Timoska, footballer Matti Toivonen, journalist, singer and humorist Pirjo Tuominen, journalist and author Verner Viitasaari, gardener Transport links through Kokemäki are via Highway 2 between Vihti and Pori, Highway 11 between Nokia and Pori and Highway 12 between Rauma and Kouvola.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Passenger trains operating on the Tampere—Pori Railway stop at Kokemäki railway station (ex.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Finch Station).


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Near the station, along Highway 2, there is a stop for express shift buses between Helsinki and Pori.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The original Kokemäki railway station was located about three kilometres towards Tampere from the current station.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Other rail transport locations located in Kokemäki have been Riste and Kytälä stations and Järilä station.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The operations of Kyttalä and Riste and the old Kokemäki station were discontinued in 1983.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[14] There is only freight traffic on the Kokeäki—Rauma line; passenger traffic on the section of the line was discontinued in 1988.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Piikajärvi Airport is located in Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The nearest airport is Pori Airport.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Water transport in Kokemäjoki is limited, as hydroelectric power plants in Kokemäki and Harjavalta almost completely block longer-distance traffic.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

However, local boating and other recreational use of the river is popular.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Distances from Kokemäki Harjavalta 12 km Helsinki 200 km Huittinen 20 km Hämeenlinna 140 km Pori 40 km Rauma 50 km Tampere 95 km Turku 90 km Education The primary school network in the city of Kokemäki has been reduced in recent years with schools giving primary education to grades 1 — 6 closed.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The remains are Läteenmäki school, Riste school, Kulkila school and Tuomaala school.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The buildings of Kokemäki Coed School serve the upper school classes 7 — 9, special education, Kokemäki High School and its adult line, and Kokemäki Civic College.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[15] Vocational education is provided by two municipal associations of secondary vocational education.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The teaching facilities of Satakunta Education Group, or Sataedu's Kokemäki Unit, are located in Peipohja.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Sasky's SASKY facilities are located north of Kulkekila in Kuoppala, and Karima Garden, which was acquired for the college, is located in Paistila.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Courses organised by the University, offered by the University of Western Finland Kesäyliopisto and the Open University, can be studied in Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[16] The Huittinen Music Academy is also a side point in Kulkikila.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[17] There is a Traffic College office in interprekila.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[18] The Räisälä folk college, formerly located in Peipohja, is now defunct.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

[19] There are currently more than 400 companies operating in Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Graphics, metal industry and transport sector are key industries in the locality.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Agriculture (including the cultivation of special crops) and, more recently, welfare services are also strongly represented in Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Major Employers After the employer's name is the number of employees.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

City of Kokemäki, 320 Lehtosen Konepaja Oy (manufacture of metal products), 140 Peiron Oy (metal casting), 125 Cemt-Trans Oy, 110 Central Satakunta Healthcare Municipal Corporation, 82 Sinituote Oy, 80 Kokemäenjokilaakso vocational school, 70 Kokemäki betrothal agency, 51 (66) Sasky, Kokemäki, 50 Finnamyl Oy (potato starch industry), 25 (66) Satakunta Tax Office Kokemäki office, 23 (30) Services in Kokemäki Government services Kela (open two days a week), Road Master District Branch Office, VR Kokemäki Station, Avena Siilot Oy grain warehouse and Satakunta tax district Kokemäki's office are all located in the central city of Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Recreation Kokemäki is home to a racetrack known for its Midsummer raves.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Other recreational facilities include, for example, swimming pool, Pitkäjärvi leisure centre, Polytechniopisto ballpark, Haapahuhda riding stable, Risten JM- and Motocross track, Järilä FK track, Järilä ski resort, Piikajärvi airport and ice rink Telja Areena.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

New projects include a golf course for Pitkäjärvi and a central park on the side of Kulkkilantie.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Tourist attractions The historic St. Henry's Preacher House is located in the center of the city.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Inside the chapel, designed by architect Pehr Johan Gylich, there is a residence where Bishop Henry, according to legend, spent his last night before being killed by Lalli on the ice of Lake Köyliönjärvi.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Kokemäki has a stone church of Gustav III, which has stood on a rocky church hill in the centre of Kokemäki for over 200 years.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The first sketches of the church were drawn by J. Sytti and supplemented by C.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

F. Adercrantz.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The natural stone church was built in v.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Puurijärvi and Isosuo National Park was established in 1993.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

With an area of 27km², the national park consists of Puurijärvi known as Bird Lake and five cream oasis marshes; Aron-, Iso-, Kiettareen-, Korkansuo and Ronkansuo.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

More than 30 species were washed on the lake in 1993 with the total pair count rising to over 1500 pairs.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Tourist attractions in Kokemäki can be found on www.kokemaenjokilaakso.com Other destinations worth visiting: Station Manager's Home Anttila Garden Farm/Farm Store Karima Garden Kokemäki Agricultural Museum Kokemäki Seuratalo Kokemäki Electricity Museum Kokemäki Outer Museum Käräjämäki Seamstress Museum Home Orjapaade Cliffs Saint Mary's Church Sacraisto Säpilä Suspension Bridge from Villa Cuma to Kokemaki Cultural Route Important services For tourists Kokemäki Travel Agency Grocery stores S-market Kokemäki K-Supermarket Teljänportti Lidl Kauvatsan village shop Tokmanni Eateries and cafes Coffee and eatery Salkkari Teboil Kokemäki (coffee and fast food) Belda Pizza Pizzeria Restaurant Old Bridge Barbecue Café Uno Gas Stations/ refueling stations St1 Neste Teboil ABC Gulf Kauvatsa Events Countercurrrock rock festival and other programs such as exhibitions, concerts and rompetor are held in Kokemäki during the summer.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

As a specialty, we can mention events related to toilet rolls, among others.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Finnish Length Throw Championships (v.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

2008) and the construction of a toilet paper roll pyramid (v.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Traditional two-day midsummer trots at Kokemaki racetrack gather thousands of trotting enthusiasts annually.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

The Satasoitto music festival is held annually in August.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Local papers Valtaväylä River Valley Sydon-Satakunta Friendships Põltsamaa, Estonia Lier, Norway Falköping, Sweden Hobro, Denmark Villages Aakula, Askola, Haavasoja, Haistila, Hampula, Harola, Hassala, Herttola, Hintikkala, Shawl, Hyrkölä, Häyhtiö, Järkölä, Kaarenoja, Kakulainen, Kankaantausta, Kareksela, Kaukaritsa, Kaurula, Kauvatsa, Keipilä, Ketola, Kiettare, Kiettare, Kokemäki Manor, Korkeaoja, Koskenkylä, Krannila, Krokotila, Kuittilo, Kukola, Kuoppala, Kuurola, Kyttalä, Kömilöä, Laikko, Lempainen, Mattila, Meinikkala, Paistila, Pappila, Peipohja , Pelhola, Penttilä, Pirkkinäinen (Birknäs), Pukkala, Pumpala, Purjala, Pyhänkorva, Pälpälä, Riste, Ronkka, Rudanko, Ruikkala, Ryytsälä, Sonnila, Säpilä, Talonen, Teikari, Tuomaala, Vallila, Viikari, Välö, Vitikkala, Vuoltea (Vuoltee, rats. Vuoltis), Ylistaro, Äimälä, Öykkäri The spirit books of the former Kauvatsa municipality Ahvenus, Jalonoja, Kauvatsa, Kotka, Kulkkila, Kuoppakoski, Lievikoski, Piilijoenmaa, Piitanoja, Puurila, Rutuna, Sampu, Tekstilä, Yttilä [20] See also Vastavirta Kokemärock Hard Folks Krackienkiven summer theatre List of public art works and monuments in Kokemäki Sources Salminen, Tapio (I:1) and Hockman, Tuula & Salminen, Tapio (I:2): History of Kokemäki and Harjavalta I.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

I:1: The river and its people.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

History of Kokemäki and Harjavalta from the Ice Age to the 1860s.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

I:2 Householders of Kokemäki and Harjavalta until 1900, crofters 1891—1900 and clergy before 1870.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Towns and parishes of Kokemäki and Harjavalta: Gummerus Book Printing 2007.


Question: What is the area of Kokemäki?

Kokemäki

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Virkkala, Kalevi| title = Kokeäenjoki in light of geological-historical development | location = Vammala| publisher = Satakuntalainen osakunta| year = 1946| version = from Satakunta XII| format = [Satakunta series scanned books] (pdf) | accessdate = 26.1.2012| pages = 75-89}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salo, Unto| title = Häme ja Satakunta| location = Vammala| publisher = Satakuntalainen osakunta| year = 1967| version = from Satakunta XVII| format = [Satakunta series scanned books] (pdf) | accessdate=29.1.2012| pages=76-129}} References on the topic elsewhere Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Charles Sanders Peirce (September 10, 1839 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States — April 19, 1914, Milford, Pennsylvania United States) was an American philosopher, logician, scientist and general genius.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[1] He is particularly known as the originator of philosophical pragmatism, for his work in the field of mathematical logic, for his semiotic studies (for example, the development of the concept of trichotomic sign), his fallibilist and realistic philosophy of science, and for his German idealism and As the developer of a metaphysical system of objective idealism influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

At the centre of Peirce's philosophy is his doctrine of three categories, to justify which Peirce developed a doctrine similar to Edmund Husserl's phenomenology as “phenomenology” and later “faneroscopy” (phaneroscopy).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[2] [3] However, Peirce's scientific work covered not only philosophy and logic but also many other fields, for example natural sciences, mathematics and psychology, and although Peirce is known today mainly as a philosopher and logician, he never held paid employment or a research post in these spheres.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

He was known in his own day mainly as a naturalist.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In this field, too, he was innovative, for example, making reforms to statistical research methods.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Today, Peirce is generally recognized as one of the greatest if not the greatest American philosopher who ever lived, and some have equated him even with Aristotle and Leibniz.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[4] Mathematician and popularizer of science Keith Devlin has called Peirce one of the greatest philosophers ever to have lived.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[5] In the field of mathematical logic, he is considered one of the most significant scholars ever to have lived, and according to Robert Burch, Peirce's logical-mathematical work is “almost unmatched in scope and originality”.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[6] Peirce, for example, published an article two years prior to the publication of Gottlob Frege Begriffsschrif presenting in strength a logical syntax equivalent to Frege's system.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Furthermore, Peirce is considered one of the most prominent if not the most prominent semiotics.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[7] Peirce himself considered himself primarily a logician, and logic was more or less synonymous with semiotics to him.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[8] Mathematical logic Peirce called logic mathematics.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[9] Life Childhood and Adolescence Peirce was born on September 10, 1839 in the university town of Cambridge in the state of Massachusetts.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

His parents included Sarah and Benjamin Peirce.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Father Benjamin was a professor of mathematics and astronomy at Harvard University, the most prominent US mathematician of his own time.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

When he was only 12 years old, Peirce read his elder brother's copy of Richard Whately's Elements of Logic, the leading textbook of logic of his time, from which his entire passion for logic and reasoning endured.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[10] Peirce also became interested in natural sciences and philosophy at a very young age, reading for example Friedrich Schiller and Immanuel Kant [11].


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce studied at Harvard and earned a degree in chemistry in 1863.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[12] His lifelong friendships with Francis Ellingwood Abbott, Chauncey Wright and William James also originated in Harward.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

However, Peirce's academic career tapered off, influenced by a scandal involving Peirce's private life, and the fact that Charles William Eliot, who was president of Harvard from 1869 to 1909, had formed a very negative opinion of Peirce and repeatedly blocked with his authority all proposals to employ Peirce for a university position.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Career as a scientist and researcher From 1859 to 1891 Peirce worked among the scientific research institutions of the United States Coast Survey</i>'s salary, [13] enjoying his influential father's protection until his death in 1880, through which Peirce was also spared the involvement of the U.S. to civil war.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

As part of his research work, Peirce visited Europe five times, first in 1871 as part of a solar eclipse to observe the Gone Group.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In Europe, Peirce became personally acquainted with Augustus de Morgan, William Stanley Jevons, and William Kingdon Clifford, British mathematicians and logicians whose ideas were close to his own.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

From 1869, Peirce served as an assistant at Harvard Astronomical Observatory, working on the problems of determining stellar brightness and the shape of the Milky Way.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[14] In April 1877, he was voted a member of the National Academy of Sciences.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[15] In the 1880s, Peirce's indifference to bureaucracy increased and his schedule stretched.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

He devoted an increasing amount of his time to his philosophical studies, and from 1883 to 1909 wrote thousands of articles on philosophy, logic and science for the Century Dictionary encyclopedia.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[16] In 1885, it was revealed that staff at the Coast Survey had been guilty of misappropriation of public funds.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce was eventually acquitted, but the department's superintendent, Julius Hilgard, was removed from his post.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

However, Peirce resigned at the urging of Superintendent Thomas Corwin Mendenhall.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce drifted out of work and, for the rest of his life, was not allowed to enjoy permanent paid employment.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In 1879, Peirce received a working appointment to lecture on logic at John Hopkins University, where great interest was shown in Peirce's work.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

This was the only business appointment of Peirce's career in the university world.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[17] According to Brent, who wrote Peirce's biography, Peirce never had any doubts that his attempts to become involved in scholarships or academic posts were repeatedly tapering due to veiled opposition from Canadian-American Simon Newcomb.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[18] Brent also suspects that Peirce's misfortune was influenced by her difficult personality.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[19] Keith Devlin, on the other hand, considers that Peirce was too ahead of his time in order for the academic mainstream to have been able to understand and appreciate his work.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[5] What is clear, however, is that Peirce's private life hampered his career development.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

After Peirce's first wife Melusina Fay Peirce had left him in 1875, [20], Peirce and his future second wife Juliette Peirce had an affair while the first marriage was still in effect.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Although Peirce's ties with his first wife had already been severed and although he married Juliette after getting divorced from Zinasa in 1883, in Victorian New England the case was a considerable scandal.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Newcomb brought about Peirce's dismissal in 1884 on the grounds that she had lived and travelled together with a woman to whom he had not married, even while the former marriage was valid.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[21] Philosophical and Scientific Publications While working for the Coast Survey</i>, Peirce published a series of writings on scientific and scientific methodology including the Coast Survey's own publication and the American Journal of Mathematics.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In 1870, Peirce published a lengthy article on mathematical logic, “Description of a Notation for the Logic of Relatives, Resulting from an Amplification of the Conceptions of Boole's Calculus of Logic” in Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In the article, Peirce was the first to introduce in history, two years before Fregen Begriffschrift</i>, a complete syntax for the logic of relations of any place number.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[22] [23] Peirce also wrote and published his philosophical studies during this period following his graduation.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The most influential of these is probably the article “How to Make our Ideas Clear” (1878), published in Popular Science Monthly, which can be seen as the fundamental writing of pragmatist philosophy.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[24] In the same journal as part of the same “Illustrations of the Logic of Science” series of publications, “The Fixation of Belief” (1877), “The Doctrine of Chances” (1878), and “Induction, Deduction and Hypothesis” (1978), were also published in the same journal.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The years 1967-1969 were also significant for Peirce's philosophical career.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce's writings, “On a New List of Categories”, in which Peirce first presented his three categories were published in 1968, in The Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAAAS) as part of a series of publications that included a total of five articles, most of them dealt with mathematical logic.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The philosophically significant writings “Nominalism versus Realism”, “Questions concerning certain Faculties claimed for Man” and “What is Meant by 'Determined'”, and “Grounds of Validity of the Laws of Logic: Further Consequences of Four Incapacities” were published in 1869.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

All writings in this series of publications were published by the Journal of Speculative Philosophy.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

However, most of the philosophical and other production of Peirce's era has only been published posthumously.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Late years In 1887, approaching his fiftieth year of age, Peirce used up part of his inheritance and purchased an eight-square-mile farm near the town of Milford in Pennsylvania that never made him a financial profit.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[25] Peirce and his wife moved into a large-sized farmhouse built in 1854 on the farm, which was renovated down to the layout according to Peirce's plans.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The Peirces lived on the farm named “Arisbe” by Charles for the rest of their lives, [26] repeatedly suffering from poverty and deprivation; Peirce devoted himself to his philosophical studies, and the housekeeping of the farm did not go at all according to his unrealistic plans, and soon the couple could not afford to publishing even heating their houses in winter, and they had to eat old bread donated by a local banker.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce's brother James Mills Peirce, his neighbours and a few other people eventually settled Peirce's property taxes and mortgages.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[27] Peirce himself received minimal income mainly from a few engineering consulting jobs and his writing reviews for “The Nation” magazine.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce also made translations for the Smithsonian Institution.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Although Peirce had to go through some hard times in his final decades, the era was at the same time philosophically his most prolific, although Peirce did not complete any of the book projects he started.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[28] Peirce's series of essays published in Monist magazine in the 1890s, as well as most of his writings on semiotic and pragmatism and his mature diagrammatic logic, were born precisely in Arisbe.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Of the overall fourteen articles of Monist magazine, the publication series is to thank Judge Francis C. Russell, who introduced Peirce to the magazine's editor Paul Caruse and owner Edward C.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Heleler.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[29] In addition to these writings, Peirce published numerous articles in Baldwin's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology in 1901-5.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Although, about half of the articles in Peirce's name would appear to be Christine Ladd-Franklin's handwriting.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[30] Peirce also applied for a grant to write a book from the newly formed Carnegie Institute, but the plea was rejected, blaming this time on Newcomb.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[31] Peirce was greatly aided by his old friend and admirer William James during his most difficult years.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

James, among other things, arranged for Peirce to give two lecture series near Harvard (1898 and 1903), for which he was also paid.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[32] And most pertinently, James wrote between 1907-10 every year to his friends in Boston intellectual circles with a request to support Peirce financially.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

A fund was created, which was continued even after Peirce's death, as his widow continued to live in Arisbe.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

James also dedicated his book Will to Believe to Peirce, and Peirce bequeathed his estate to James' eldest son, in case his wife Juliette happened to die before him.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[33] Peirce died in Milford, Pennsylvania, on April 19, 1914, twenty years before his wife.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce had no children by either marriage.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[34] Philosophical and Scientific Publications Regarding published production, Peirce's best-known articles of the late period are the essays he published in The Monist in 1891-3, in which Peirce introduced the objective idealism of the “synekistic” as representing his three categories a doctrine based on metaphysical interpretation.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

For example, the essays “The Architecture of Theories” (1891), “The Law of Mind” (1892), “Man's Glassy Essence” (1892), and “Evolutionary Love” (1893) were published in Monist magazine.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The articles in the Monist series have since been republished as such in Esmerk in the Essential Peirce I article collection and can be read for free online at sites such as the internet archive (archive.org).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Monist magazine would later also excommunicate Peirce's other writings, among them “The Regenerated Logic” (1896) on logic “The Logic of Relatives” (1897), and “What Pragmatism Is” (1905), “Issues of Pragmaticism” (1905), and “Prolegomena To an Apology For Pragmaticism” (1906).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce also published a series of six essays in the weekly “Open Court” magazine dedicated to the reconciliation of religion and science.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In these lesser-known writings, found on the archive.org website, Peirce addressed not only logic and metaphysics, but also ethical, criminal and theological issues.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In addition, Peirce published articles in the following publications: Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, The American Journal of Psychology, Educational Review, The New York Evening Post, and Popular Science Monthly.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

However, most of Peirce's philosophical and scientific output remained unpublished.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In addition to article publications, Peirce was still offered the opportunity to present his ideas in lecture series.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Between October 1892 and January 1893, Peirce delivered a series of twelve lectures entitled “The History of Science” at Lowell University of Massachusetts; in 1898 Peirce delivered a lecture entitled “Reasoning and the Logic of Things” at a conference in Cambridge; in the spring of 1903, Peirce gave a lecture entitled “Reasoning and the Logic of Things” at a conference in Cambridge; in the spring of 1903 a lecture series on pragmatism at Harvard, and in November and December of the same year, Peirce gave another lecture series at Lowell University entitled “Some Topics of Logic bearing on Questions now Vexed”; in 1905 Peirce delivered what was known under the title of Adirondack Summer School Lectures lecture series; and in April of 1907 performed for the last time to an academic audience at Harvard at the Philosophical Club, holding a series of presentations titled “Logical Methodeutic”.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

For example, article-format notes from the Second Lowell Lecture Series and the Pragmatism Series held at Harvard have been published in the Essential Peirce 2 collection, for example.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce presents in these writings, among other things, his semiotic concepts, through which they are quite influential in the sphere of semiotics.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

However, Peirce only releases a small portion of his output, and the Collected Papers collection, for example, also contains numerous previously unpublished writings.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Not all of Peirce's production has still been published, but will still be included in the unfinished Writings collection.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Classification of sciences Despite the fragmentation of his production, Peirce was a thinker in the manner of systems builder Aristotle or Leibniz.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

One demonstration of Peirce's systematizing efforts in thinking is his system of classification of sciences.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce divided sciences firstly into “exploratory” sciences (sciences of discovery) and recap sciences (sciences of review).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Of these, the former falls into two broad categories: mathematics and positive sciences.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Positive sciences are also divided into two main categories, philosophy on the one hand, special sciences, which Peirce also divided into two main groups, natural sciences (physics) and life sciences (psychics).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Sciences of Discovery (1) Mathematics (A) Mathematics of Logic (B) Mathematics of Discrete Series (C) Mathematics of Continua and Pseudo-Continua (2) Positive Sciences (A) Philosophy (caenoscopy) (I) Phenomenology (Phenomenology, Phaneroscopy) (II) Normative Sciences (i) Aesthetics (ii) Ethics (iii) Logic (l<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[23263,23284,2,2]}'>ogick, semeiotics) (a) Philosophical grammar (philosophical grammar, speculative grammar) (b) Critical logic (critic, critical logic) (c) Metedeutics (Methodeutic) (III) Metaphysics (B) Special sciences (idioscopy) (I) Natural sciences (physics) (II) Life sciences (psychics) Sciences of Review Philosophy Logic and normative sciences William James called Peirce the father of pragmatism.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In James' honor, Peirce added the first name Santiago (“saint James”, meaning “saint James” in Spanish) to his name, so that his full name belonged to Charles Santiago Sanders Peirce.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

However, Peirce was very critical of the many forms of pragmatism thought that his thinking had inspired, including the philosophy of his friend James.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Because of this, he renamed his own doctrine “pragmatism,” joking that such an ugly name protects the name against hijackers.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce also called his pragmatism abductiology.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Abduction differs from induction and deduction in that in it the result of a syllogism is a reasonable assumption, not a necessary or probable conclusion, based on the premises.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce is one of the first great semiotics.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

He considered all philosophical problems to be semiotic and ended up with a characteristic character theory in which trimanifold plays a central part.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The basis for division is the phenomenological categories ensiys (), otherness (secondness), and thirdness (thirdness).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

They describe a phenomenological structure of experience: the first is an instantaneous, immediate emotion; otherness is based on the dynamics of action and countereffect and refers to the past; and the third is directed towards the future and allows for the foresight of the future.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Of the types of reasoning, the abduction represents first, induction the otherness, and the deduction the third.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[35] Three aspects are required to define a sign: the external object, the representamen, and the interpretant, a type of second-order sign that tunes in the consciousness of the recipient under the influence of the first sign.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Each of these aspects is further divided into three categories: the character may be relative to the signifier itself a quality sign (qualisign), single sign or guide sign (legisign); in relation to its subject, it can be an icon (Icon), index, or symbol (Symbol); the interpretation may be reema (Rheme), proposition (Dicent) or argument (Argument).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[36] Metaphysics Peirce's evolutionary metaphysics is substantially related to his category doctrine and semiotics.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce's categories are substantially related to Hegel's system.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce also called his doctrine objective idealism.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

He wrote in his article “The Architecture of Theories” (1891) as follows: “The only rational theory of the universe is objective idealism, according to which matter is a crippled spirit, inveterate habits which have become the laws of nature.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

“[37] (“The one intelligible theory of the universe is that of objective idealism, that matter is effete mind, inveterate habits becoming physical laws.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

“[38]) The sentence means that matter is a “pioneered” or “enveloped” mind in which “hardened” ways are transformed into natural laws, and that such objective idealism allows the universe to be understood rationally and comprehensibly.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

His conception of the universe was pantheistic, which he reconciled to Darwin's view of evolution.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[39] Peirce also presented speculations on mathematics and physics at a general level, somewhat parallel to the later Ernst Mach and Albert Einstein theories of relativity.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

It has not been shown that Peirce's ideas had any direct influence on either, but they can be considered to show that the philosophical basis for relativity was “in the air” at the turn of the century.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Einstein then put forward a mathematical formulation of the theory of relativity, which proved correct.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Since then, physicist Lee Smolin has defended views on cosmic evolution and the relativity of natural laws (they are the result of the evolutionary process, not absolutes), and acknowledged Peirce as the father of this thinking.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Works of Peirce's extensive literary output have still not been published in full.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Previous partial releases include e.g.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Collected Papers


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

CP) and Essential Peirce (lr.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

EP).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

From the Critical Department Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition (1982—), six volumes have appeared to date.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The facility is being prepared at Indiana University.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[40] In English Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce 1—8 (ed.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Charles Hartshorne et al).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce 1—4 (ed.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Carolyn Eisele).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Mouton Publishers, The Hague.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

in 1976.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

The Essential Peirce.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Selected Philosophical Writings 1—2 (eds.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Nathan Houser et al.).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Indiana University Press, Bloomington.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

In Finnish Introduction to the logic of science and other writings.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Selected and translated by Markus Lång.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Vastapaino, Tampere 2001.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

ISBN 951-768-080-5 (What Is a Sign?)


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Translated by Mats Bergman and Sami Paavola.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

— Thought 58 (2001), p. 9—19.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Draft classification of sciences (An Outline Classification of the Sciences).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Translation by Markus Lång.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

— Synthesis 4/2003, p. 2—5.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Doctrinal Ethics (The Ethics of Terminology).


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Translation by Markus Lång.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

— Synthesis 4/2003, p. 6—9.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Translated by Akti-Veikko Pietarinen and Lauri Snellman.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

— So & thus 2/2005, p. 38—41.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Sources Literature Peirce, C.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

S.: Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

1—6, Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss (eds.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

), vols.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

7—8, Arthur W. Burks (ed.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1931—1935, 1958.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

[“CP.”] Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tarasti, Eero| title = Introduction to semiotics: Essays on character systems in art and culture| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1990| isbn = 951-662-512-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thellefsen, Torkild — Sørensen, Bent (ed.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

) | title = Charles Sanders Peirce in His Own Words: 100 Years of Semiotics, Communication and Cognition| location = Berlin| publisher = Walter de Gruyter| year = 2014| version = Semiotics, Communication and Cognition, 14| isbn = 978-1-61541-753-5| id = ISSN}} Citation error, replace {cite book| author = Tiercelin, Claudine| title= | publisher = Collège de France| year = 2013| isbn = 9782722602335}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Waal, Cornelis, de| title = Peirce: A Guide for The Perplexed| publisher = Bloomsbury Academic| publisher = Bloomsbury Academic| = 2013| isbn = 9781847065155}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Waal, Cornelis de — Skowroński, Krzysztof Piotr (ed.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

) | title= The Normative Thought of Charles S. Peirce| location = New York| publisher = Fordham University Press| year = 2012| isbn = 978-0-8232-4244-3}} On topic elsewhere Brent, Joseph: Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

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Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, University of Helsinki Lång, Markus:.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

so & thus 1/2000, 55.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Peirce, Charles S.:.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

English. Markus Lång.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

so & thus 1/2000, 55—62.


Question: Where was Charles S. Peirce born?

Charles S. Peirce

Category:Pragmatists Class:Semiotics Category:American philosophers Category:People born in 1839 Class:Dead in 1914


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian I or Justinian the Great (; [1]; 11 May 483 in Tauresium — 13/14.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

November 565) was an Eastern Roman emperor from 1 August 527 until his death.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian is generally estimated to be among the most prominent rulers of late antiquity or even the entire medieval period.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[2] His most significant achievement is considered to be the collection of Roman laws, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which was an important collection of laws for the Eastern Roman Empire for centuries and which laid the groundwork for the legislation of several other European countries.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[3] Justinian is sometimes nicknamed “the last Roman”, for he was the last emperor to speak native Latin and conquered the city of Rome.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

During the reign of Justinian, Byzantium reclaimed territories lost to the barbarians in Africa and Italy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

He also significantly overhauled governance and legislation.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian began a major building program, the most famous accomplishment of which was the Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian's ambitious reforms and conquests also brought about negative consequences.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Thousands of people were killed in the so-called Nika Rebellion.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The plague of Justinian named after him killed tens of millions of people in the later years of his reign, including about half the population of the Byzantine Empire, thus one of the worst pandemics ever.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

After Justinian's death, the kingdom was at the limits of its resources, or at least that is what the propaganda of his followers claimed.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian also allowed to close the Athenian Academy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[2] Much is known about the reign of Justinian thanks to the historians Prokopios and Agathias.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Juvenile Justinus, birthnamed Petrus Sabbatius, was born into modest conditions.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian's seat was Tauresion, or Tauresium, which was located in a Latin-speaking area, near present-day Skopje (former.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Yugoslavia).


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[4] Contemporary source Johannes Malalas tells of Justinian's appearance that he was short, light-skinned, curly haired, round-faced and handsome.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Prokopios compares Justinian's appearance to the tyrannical Domitianus, but this is probably just slander.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[2] Justinian's uncle Justinus I, a Thracian unlearned peasant, had arrived in Constantinople as early as the 470s and had made his way into the new guard of Emperor Leo, who became known as the excubitores.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinus I was a competent soldier and progressed easily in his career.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

While prospering, he called his relatives to the capital, with them also came Justine's sister's son Petrus, whose education Justine I was publishing.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinus I had no children of his own, which is why he adopted a son by 520 and he adopted his new name Justinian.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[4] At the death of Emperor Anastasius in 518, Justinus was an officer in one of the Emperor's palace guards.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[5] Anastasius had not appointed himself a successor, even though he had three nephews.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Chronicler Joannes Malalas recounts how Justinus I became emperor.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The high-ranking eunuch Amantius, who himself would not have been able to become emperor, tried to garner support for his own candidacy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Amantius gave Justinus money with which he came to bribe the soldiers of the Guard.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinus bribed the soldiers, but not to support Amantius, but for himself.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

On July 10, in 518, Justinus was proclaimed the new emperor by the Senate, army and people.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinus immediately gave his nephew the title comes.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Prokopios claims that Justinus was almost illiterate and that Justinian had real power right from the start.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

As soon as Justine rose to emperor, Justinian threw himself into the eaters of politics.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Three months after Justine came to power, Justinian already wrote an impatient letter to the Pope demanding that he come to Constantinople.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, Justinian's position as Justinus' successor was not entirely clear.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[6] Over the next few years, Justinian's prestige grew immensely.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

According to Prokopios, Justinian was implicated in the assassination of the consul Vitalianus of 520.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Vitalianus was also magister militum praesentalis, the main military commander of the capital.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinus then appointed Justinian as the new magister militum praesentalis.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian was also appointed consul for the year 521.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian organised magnificent runs in his consular year, which increased his popularity even further.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[5] Theodora In 522 Justinian met his future wife Theodora.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian was already nearly 40 years old and Theodora was much younger than this.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Most of the information on Theodora is derived from Prokopios' “Anecdote”.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In this book, the historian unravels his hatred of the Empress.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In Prokopios' description, Theodora manipulates her weak-willed husband.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[6] Theodora was an actress by profession.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Around this time, actors were not appreciated and were counted as prostitutes.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian could not, in fact, have married Theodora had it not been for the emperor Justinus to enact a law that allowed marriages between high-stewards and actresses.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora's father had been active in the hippodrome as the tamer of the bears of the “Green Party”.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora began to hate the Greens because they hadn't helped her mother since her father died.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora was henceforth, as was Justinian, a supporter of the Blue.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[7] It is not known how Justinian and Theodora met, but apparently Justinian fell in love with Theodora.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In one of the laws he enacted later, he said that marriage arises from shared affection and does not need a dowry in addition to it.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora was elevated to patrician by Justinian.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[8] The greatest threat to the union of Justinian and Theodora was Justine's wife Empress Euphemia, who could not tolerate Theodora.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Euphemia died, however, in 524 and in 525 Justinian and Theodora were married.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[7] In 527 Theodora received the title Augusta.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Like Justine's family in the past, Theodora's family was allowed to share the benefits of his new value.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora's sisters were married into high-adjusted families.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The background of Theodora and also Justinian created much opposition in the capital.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

At the court of Justinian and Theodora, etiquette rose to an even more important role.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Prokopios tells a few stories about how Theodora humiliated those who belonged to the upper class.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora did use court etiquette to hold on to her new position.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[9] Theodora was a proponent of monophysitism.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Monophysitism had been condemned as a heretic by the Ecclesiastical Assembly of Kcracdon as early as 451.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Like his uncle, Justinian advocated the decisions of the meeting of Khalkedon.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora did not keep her monophysitism secret and the couple often quarreled over religious matters.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

On the other hand, the loyalty of the monophysitists in the kingdom to the Emperor remained steadfast when they knew the Empress was a monophysitist.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[10] As emperor, according to Prokopios, Justinian had real power even before Justine's death.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

On 4 April 527, Justinus allowed to crown Justinian and Theodora as emperor and empress.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Four months later, Justinus died and Justinian became soliloquy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian's Reforms Reforming Taxation To finance all the reforms he wanted, Justinian entrusted John the Cappadocian with reforming the taxation of the kingdom.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Under John's leadership, the bureaucracy was pruned and new taxes were enacted.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Taxation hit aristocracy and peasants alike.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Some of the reforms were downright counterproductive.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

John pushed through a reform that restricted the Imperial Post Office.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

This got repercussions.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Peasants had previously been able to sell their grain to the Post Office, which needed food for horses.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Now the peasants were unable to sell their grain because transporting grain by land was usually very expensive.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

John's attempts to prune Belisarius' expenditure on the war expedition against the Vandals were also to backfire.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The bread, which was part of the Navy's provisions, was not well baked enough and was spoiled during the voyage.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Five hundred soldiers died from eating spoiled food.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Hard taxation drove peasants from their homes.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

A large number of them moved to Constantinople.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

John Lyydian tells the Cappadocian to have let a herd of wild beasts, or tax collectors, attack Lydia.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Soon John turned out to be the most hated man in the kingdom.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[11] In the eastern parts of the kingdom, Greek supplanted Latin as the language of government.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Legislation reforms Justinian allowed to rewrite the old Roman laws under Tribonianus.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

On April 8, 529, the Codex Iustinianus was completed and a week later it superseded all the old laws in the judicial seats through the kingdom.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 530, a unified Digesta began to be compiled from the texts of the old lawyers.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The third book related to the laws was Institutiones, intended as a textbook for those studying law.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

These three works are known as Corpus iuris civilis.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian and religion Justinian, like his uncle, advocated the decisions of the Ecclesiastical Assembly of Khalkedon.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora, however, was a proponent of monophysitism.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

At the beginning of Justine's reign, the Monophysites were oppressed, but Justinianus—encouraged by Theodora—favored negotiations.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[12] By 527, the Monophysitists had split into two camps, the moderates led by Severus and the so-called Julianists, who advocated a more drastic form of monophysitism.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Julianists had great support among the people.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[13] In 531, the Monophysite delegation arrived in Constantinople where Theodora and Justinian received them.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

For the monophysites, the emperor allowed to build even his own church in the capital.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian attempted to establish a dialogue between the Kcracdonians and the Monophysites.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 532 he organized a meeting attended by monks from both camps.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, the meeting led nowhere and in 536 Severus and other Monophysite leaders arrived at the capital at Justinian's request.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Monophysites met Anthimus, the new Patriarch of Constantinople.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Severus represented a moderate trend of monophysitism and the parties soon came to an agreement.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Severus also persuaded Pope John II to approve an amendment to the Kcracdon Confession of Faith to the Monophysitists.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, support for Severus in Egypt was in decline.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 536, Pope Agapetus I arrived in Constantinople.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian and Agapetus both spoke native Latin and the pope easily got Justininus back on the side of the Kcracdonians.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian sacked Anthimus and appointed a certain Paulus as patriarch instead.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Severus and Anthimus were expelled from the capital and Serverus died shortly after this.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

To succeed him as leader of the Monophysites rose Theodosius, who had been elected Patriarch of Alexandria.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[12] [13] The next turn occurred in 541 when the Ghassanid emir Harith arrived in Constantinople.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

As a monophysite, Harith turned to Theodora and asked to have bishops for his own tribe.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Harith's endorsement was important to Byzantium and Theodora was overspoken by Justinian.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodosius, the leader of the Monophysites, was thus authorized to ordain two monks as metropolitans of Edessa and Bostra.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Bostra was the capital of the Arabian province and its new metropolis Theodoros was himself an Arab.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, he did not stay in Bostra but accompanied the Ghassanid tribe.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Metropolitan Jakob of Edessa also moved around the Middle East and according to allegations he consecrated 100,000 priests and almost 30 bishops.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Even if the figures were not true, then in the East the Monophysites built their own parallel hierarchy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The loyalty of the Ghassanids was thus guaranteed, but achieving religious unity in the kingdom was further hampered.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[14] [15] At the same time, the emperor tried to achieve an agreement between the parties.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The main problem was the Popes, who were not ready for any kind of theological compromise.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

When Agapetus died, Theodora wanted to succeed him a certain Vigilius, who had arrived in Constantinople in the company of Agapetus and who had shown himself willing to mediate.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In Rome, however, Silverius was elected as the new pope with the support of the Ostrogoths.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

With the help of Belisarius and Antonina, Silverius was deposed and Vigilius elected pope.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 542—543, Justinian issued an Edict condemning the doctrines of Origenee.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Origenism had caused major problems in Palestine.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 544 Justinian promulgated the Second Edict, known as the “Three Chapters” (), which condemned several doctrines of persons associated with Nestorian.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In the view of monophysitists, there was no great difference between the Kcracdonians and the Nestorians.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Some of the condemned doctrines had been approved by the Khalkedon Ecclesiastical Assembly.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian believed the Edict would help bring reconciliation between the Monophysites and the Kcracdonites.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In Latin-speaking Italy and Africa, however, there was staunch opposition to the Edict.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

A surprised Justinian summoned the pope to Constantinople to negotiate.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Vigilius arrived in 547.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian forced him to accept the Edict.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

As a result, Vigilius was condemned at a meeting in Carthage.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian then asked the bishops of Africa to arrive in Constantinople.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Upon reaching there, Justinian allowed several bishops to be dismissed and imprisoned, among them Raptus, Bishop of Carthage.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

There were problems in the East too and Justinian got the patriarchs to sign the Edict only in the face of duress.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[16] [17] Justinian decided to convene an ecclesiastical assembly to discuss the matter.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Before the meeting, Patriarch Menas of Constantinople died in 552 and Eutykcius, who was a staunch supporter of Justinian, was elected as his successor.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The fifth ecumenical ecclesiastical assembly was held in Constantinople in 553.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The meeting was attended by 166 bishops.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Of Illyria, only nine bishops attended and from Italy, excluding Rome and Milan, none.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Patriarch of Jerusalem did not attend the meeting, although he was in the city and Vigilius refused to attend.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, Vigilius gave in 554 and accepted the decisions of the assembly.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The meeting began on 5 May.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian himself did not attend the meeting, but got all the things he wanted pushed through.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The end result, however, was lean.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Monophysites were still not ready for reconciliation.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[18] Justinian's building programme upon becoming Emperor, Justinian began an ambitious building programme.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

For the protection of the kingdom, he allowed new fortifications to be built and renovated old ones.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In Constantinople, he built underground cisterns.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In the capital Justinian also allowed to build the huge church of Hagia Sophia.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian, his own birthtown, rebuilt and renamed it Justiniana Prima.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna was also built during Justinian's time, where the famous mosaics depicting Justinian and Theodora are located.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The war against Persia in the Caucasus, between the Byzantine and Sassanid empires, located several smaller Christian kingdoms.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

During Justine's final years, the Byzantines and Sassanids made smaller war expeditions in the region.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The war was truly broken out in Justinian's first year as a monopoly.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The troops in the east were led by Hypatius, nephew of the former emperor Anastasius.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, Justinian appointed Belisarius, who had previously belonged to his own bodyguard, to replace Hypatius as magister militum per Orientem as Belisarius' assessor, a sort of scribe and advisor, acted as the future historian Prokopios.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

At the same time, the Samaritans rose up in revolt, instigated by Kavadhi.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[19] Belisarius defeated the Persians at the Battle of Dara in June in 530.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

At the same time, Sittas prevented the Sassanids from advancing into Armenia.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Battle of Callinicum the following year ended up in defeat for the Byzantines.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The war ended in 531 with the death of King Kavadh I.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

At a peace negotiation in 532, Byzantium pledged his years to pay 11,000 lbs of gold to the Sassanids.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The peace treaty was called “eternal peace” but came to last only seven years.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[20] In the same year, Justinian sent a mighty 30000-headed army to take Armenia from Persia.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, this army was easily defeated by the Persians and Justinian had to make peace in 545.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, the war continued in Lazica, on the eastern shore of the Black Sea.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Persians were left outnumbered here and were eventually forced to abandon the territory.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 561, a new peace was concluded, which was to last for 50 years.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Nika Rebellion on 11 January 532 in Constantinople was triggered by a rebellion led by a green and blue “party” operating in the Hippodrome, or horse track.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian was a supporter of the Blue, but they turned against him.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The mutineers demanded that the emperor sack John the Cappadocian, Tribonianus, and the urban prefect Eudaimon.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

They were exchanged by order of the emperor, but afterwards the mutineers wanted to plunge the emperor himself from power.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

On 17 January Justinian could no longer control the situation with the entire city rioting, and he could not even rely on his Imperial Guard.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The rebels retrieved Hypatius, the nephew of Emperor Anastasius, intending to crown him emperor.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The emperor ordered Belisarius, who had just returned from Persia, and Mundus, who still had loyal heruls under his command, to put down the rebellion.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The forces of Belisarius and Mundo killed the rebels in the Hippodrome and took Hypatius to the emperor.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Hypatius and another nephew of Anastasius, Pompey, were killed and their bodies dumped into the sea.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Up to 30,000 persons were killed during the rebellion.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Conquests in the West Conquest of North Africa In 533, Justinian sent the kingdom's most promising officer, Belisarius, to reclaim the North African coast from the Vandals.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Belisarius' forces came ashore in Tunisia and defeated King Gelimer of the Vandals in the Battle of Ad Decimum on 13 September.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

On 15 September Belisarius marched to Carthage, which surrendered to the Romans.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Romans defeated Gelimer on a repeat occasion at the Battle of Trikamaron in December 533.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Gelimer surrendered to Belisarius in March 534 and the war ended.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[21] Although the war was over, the Eastern Roman forces had to fight against the Moors who had invaded from the south for many more years.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Belisarius' successor was his subordinate, domesticus Solomon.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

He was appointed landlord of the new African province in April 534.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Solomon began a war expedition against the Moors and built fortifications to protect the Eastern Roman frontier.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Some of them have survived to the present.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 536, however, the army rebelled against Solomon, who was forced to flee to Sicily.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Belisarius returned from Italy to North Africa and repelled a rebel attack on Carthage, but he soon had to return to lead the war effort in Italy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian sent his cousin Germanus to Africa.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

He managed to put down the rebellion and North Africa was peaceful for two years.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 539, Solomon was reappointed commander of the forces in Africa.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

He got new troops with him.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[21] Solomon eradicated the cores of the rebellion from his army and began a war expedition against the Moors in the Aurès Mountains.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Romans took over Mauretania Prima and incorporated it into their kingdom.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Solomon built more fortifications to protect the area.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 543, the Moors revolted again.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

This time the blame lay with Solomon's nephew Sergius, who was appointed first as dux of Tripolitania and then as Solomon's successor upon his death in 544.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

He was, however, utterly incompetent and widely hated.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 545, Justinian appointed another officer to head Areobindus' army, but he too proved incompetent and was assassinated the following year.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Next, Justinian sent the experienced John Troglita to the region, who defeated the Moors in 548.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Subsequently, North Africa seems to have enjoyed a period of relative calm right up to the Arab conquests in the 6th century.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

[21] In the Gothic War Justinian sent Belisarius to conquer Italy from the Ostrogoths in 534.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

He went ashore in Sicily and took the island without difficulty.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Rome was overrun in 536 and Milan and Ravenna in 540.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian now proposed peace to the Goths and would have allowed them to maintain their own kingdom in northern Italy, but this was opposed by Belisarius.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The Goths at this point would have preferred Belisarius as their own king.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Belisarius accepted the crown, but upon reaching Ravenna he captured the leaders of the Goths and recaptured the entire Gothic Empire for Byzantium.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

For Justinian this was not good enough, he would have wanted a neutral state between Byzantium and the Franks, since the Persians had again begun to trouble the eastern frontier.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian sent Belisarius to wage war against the Persians and installed the eunuch Narses in his place in Italy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Plague In 542, a plague struck Constantinople.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In Constantinople alone, an estimated 300,000 died, perhaps as many as 40% of the city's inhabitants.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian fell ill and for a little while it looked as if he too would pass away.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

According to custom, the army chose the next emperor.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

The army in the east rallied and decided that it would not accept a new emperor if one was elected in the absence of the army.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian, however, was cured of the disease.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora, who had never liked Belisarius, saw his chance and convinced Justinian to dismiss him from the Eastern army.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Belisarius' property was confiscated and his personal guard disbanded.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Justinian pardoned Belisarius in 543, and he regained his possessions.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Belisarius' only child Joannina married Theodora's great-granddaughter Anastasius.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Theodora accepted this perhaps because he was good friends with Belisarius' wife Antonina.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Antonina had a similar background when Theodora.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 544, Justinian sent Belisarius again to Italy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In Belisarius' absence, the Goths had beaten the troops remaining in Italy.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

However, Belisarius was unable to prevent Totila, the leader of the Ostrogoths, from taking over Rome in 546.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Totila, however, left Rome and was recaptured by Belisarius.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 549, Belisarius was recalled to Constantinople and Totila regained control of Rome.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 550, Justinian planned to send an army under his cousin Germanus, but he died before leaving.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

In 551, Byzantium recaptured southern Spain from the Visigoths.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = John Julius Norwich| title = Byzantium: The Early Centuries| publisher = Viking| year = 1991| id = ISBN 0-394-53778-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Averil Cameron et al.| title = The Cambridge Ancient History, Second Edition, Volume XIV: Late Antiquity, Empire and Successors| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2000| id = ISBN 0-521-32591-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Prokopios| title = Vandalkrigen Hemlig history (translated into Swedish by Sture Linnér) | publisher = Wahlström & Widstrand classickerserie| year = 2000| id = ISBN 91-46-20209-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = James Allan Stewart Evans| title=Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power| publisher = Routledge| year = 2000| id = ISBN 978041523233 260}} Michael H. Hart:The Hundred Greatest of Humanity — One Hundred Most Significant Persons in World History in Order of Importance, Artifact Oy 1979, ISBN 951-99229-1-1 Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) References on the topic elsewhere Prokopios Anecdota Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where was Justinian I born?

Justinian I

Category:Persons of Late Antiquity Category:Those born in 483 Class:Deaths in 565


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni Falcone (18 May 1939, Palermo — 23 May 1992, Capaci) was an Italian investigating magistrate who specialized in solving the crimes of the Cosa Nostra.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone's life was similar to that of his friend Paolo Borsellino: both came from a rather poor area of Palermo, made careers as anti-Mafia judges and were murdered by the Mafia within two months in 1992.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

In the same year, their memory was honored by awarding them the Medaglia d'oro al valor civile (golden medal for civilian career work) of Italy for their efforts in the Maxi trial.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

They were also named in Time's November 13, 2006 issue as one of the heroes of the last 60 years.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

[1] Life Background, Childhood and Adolescence Giovanni Falcone was born in May 1939 into a middle-class family of Arturo Falcone and Luisa Bentivegna.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni's father was a chemist who ran a provincial chemical laboratory.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone's parents, as well as the family generally as a whole, were very believing Catholics and patriotic.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

However, they were not politically active, but obedient citizens with a very uncritical attitude towards fascism.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] Giovanni Falcone spent part of his youth near the port area of La Kalsa in his hometown of Palermo, which suffered great damage during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The Falcones once lived on Via Castrofilippo, an apartment previously occupied by Giovanni's great-uncle, then mayor of the city.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

During Palermo's disposal and construction boom, this building, despite several pleas from Falcone's relatives, was demolished in 1959, although the highway planned to replace it was never built.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] Already in La Kalsa's youth, Giovanni Falcone got to know his future colleague, Paolo Borsellino, who lived just a couple of blocks away on Via della Vetriera.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

They used to play football at Piazza Magione in the area.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni's family also attended church every Sunday and Giovanni served as an altar boy as a child for some time.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Both Falcone and Borsellino had direct experiences with the Mafia at a young age, as both had classmates who ended up as mafiosi.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Study time Giovanni Falcone's uncle forged his ID at 17 to volunteer for World War I and died at 18.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni's uncle also died while serving with the Air Force, aged 24.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

After hearing the stories of these relatives, the siblings especially he grew a great sense of patriotism even as a young child.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

After primary education, Giovanni studied for a while at the naval war school in Livorno, after which he moved on to study law.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

During his time at university, Falcone's world of thought changed and his opinions, and his sister Mary, changed with his studies away from Fascism and Catholicism.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni became a supporter of communism, although he never became a member of any party.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Career After graduating in 1961, Falcone took up work in the industry, and was appointed a judge three years later.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The further his career went, the more he became interested in criminal matters, after first being a provincial judge.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Shortly after the murder of Judge Cesare Terranova, Falcone began work on the investigative side of the prosecutor's office in Palermo.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

In May 1980, agency director Rocco Chinnici appointed Falcone to investigate a large heroin smuggling operation run by Rosario Spatola and Salvatore Inzerillo.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Heroin was smuggled from Sicily to the New York-based Gambino Mafia family, who were related to the Inzerillos.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

In a lawsuit against the Spatola-Inzerillo-Gambino clan smuggling network, Judge Gaetano Costa, who signed 53 warrants, was assassinated on the order of Salvatore Inzerillo on August 6, 1980.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone began using an inventive technique for his investigations, tracking the flow of money, to gather evidence for his case.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

He later became a member of the Palermo antimafia alliance created by Rocco Chinnic.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The alliance was a group of investigative judges who shared knowledge and responsibility among themselves to prevent one person holding all information and becoming the sole target of the Mafia.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

In addition to Falcone and Chinnic, the group consisted of Paolo Borsellino, Giuseppe Di Lello and Leonardo Guarnotta.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] The Maxi Trial Six months before the Maxi trial and just a few days after the funeral of Ninni Cassarà, Borsellino's wife and children, as well as Falcone, his fiancée Francesca Morvillo and his mother were secretly transferred in the middle of the night on a military plane to Asinara Island by prison premises.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Police believed the mob would murder both accusers before they could finish the massive — 8607 pages long — indictment document.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Their safety and the working peace of the last moments were wanted to be guaranteed, so the director of the closely guarded prison provided them with facilities.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone was part of an anti-Mafia faction that, during the pre-trial stage, laid extensive groundwork for the Maxi trial.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

He was also among the chief fixers of the trial, which began on 10 February 1986 and ended on 16 December 1987.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The trial accused 474 mafiosos, 360 of whom were convicted of serious crimes.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The key element in the trial was the testimony of Tommaso Buscetta, the first Sicilian mafioso to become an informant.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

It was Falcone who persuades Buscetta to turn in the Mafia's secrets.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Later, Buscetta said that where other justices pressed him, Falcone treated him with respect.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

During 1988, Falcone collaborated much with Rudolph Giuliani.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Giuliani was the United States Attorney General for the Southern District of New York at the time, and his cooperation with Falcone concerned actions against the Gambino and Inzerillo Mafia families.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Assassination In May 1992, Falcone was killed near Capac, an Italian municipality, while he was on a highway en route from Palermo Airport to Palermo.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

A 350kg cargo of dynamite dug into its roadside was detonated when an armoured Fiat Croma carrying Falcone and his fiancée Francesca Morvillo drove off its spot.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Three police officers were also killed in the blast: Rocco Di Cillo, Antonio Montinaro and Vito Schifani.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The assassination was orchestrated by Salvatore Riina, the “chief of chiefs” of the Cosa Nostra, actions as revenge for dozens of mafiosos convicted by Falcone in the Maxi Trial.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Shortly after the Falcone and Borsellino murders, Riina was arrested and is now serving a life prison sentence for both those murders and a number of other crimes.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

[3] Another mafioso convicted of Falcone's murder is Giovanni Brusca, Riina's associate who confessed to being the person who set off the explosives.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

[4] Palermo Airport is now also known as Falcone-Borsellino Airport, as a tribute to them.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

A monument to them created by Palermoese sculptor Tommaso Geraci can also be found on the territory of the airport.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Research Methods and Nature Many people who worked with Falcone have both marveled and praised his effectiveness.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Barbara Sanzo, the longtime secretary of the Bureau of Investigators, said Falcone came to work at 5:30 a.m., continuing nonstop until 7 a.m. without visiting her home for a food break.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

On leaving work he was as refreshed as he was in the morning, resuming his cycle first thing the next morning.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] Vincenzo Geraci, Falcone's colleague, also told of his work intensity, which continued six or even seven days a week for ten years, producing an immeasurable number of results.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] Falcone's character as well as action divided opinions about him throughout his career.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

People who have worked with him have described Falcone as highly charged, introverted and even rude, albeit by getting to know him and earning his trust he opened up.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

In addition to perfect punctuality, Falcone was also very demanding of himself, also demanding the same qualities from his co-workers.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

With these modes of action, however, he created a staff that was utterly loyal to him.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Private life As Giovanni Falcone returned back to Palermo, his then wife Rita Bonnici announced that she was staying in Trapani for another man.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The situation was made even more awkward by the fact that the other man was Giovanni's superior — Trapani's chief magistrate — which made the issue a talking point in both Trapani and Palermo.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

During this time Falcone immersed himself in his work, learning new areas of legislation.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone films the last years of Falcone's life, the Maxi trial, as well as the assassination are depicted in HBO's 1998 film Excellent Cadavers.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

In the film, Falcone is played by American-Italian actor Chazz Palminteri.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The British release of the film is called Falcone.


Question: When was Giovanni Falcone born?

Giovanni Falcone

The film is based on the book Excellent Cadavers written by Alexander Stille.