Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

White's numbers, on the other hand, are denoted by his vision angle.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

White's first score is 1 and the last 24, where he has two backmen.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Markings The eye figures of the dice are denoted by numbers separated by a dash.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

E.g., 3-1 Transfers are denoted as numbers separated by a slash.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Transfers are separated by comma and space If two pieces are moved together to the same point, mark the number of pieces that have been moved after the transfer in parentheses.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

eg 6-6:24/18 (2), 13/7 (2) Eating is expressed by asterics *.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

For example, 4-3:24/20*, 13/10 When entering from the stretcher, for example, BAR/4, 5/1* When a player cannot enter, a mere line is marked.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

There are other policies.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The extruded piece is denoted 3/off.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Tactics and Strategy Overview of Strategy Backgammon belongs to running games where the goal is to reach the goal before the opponent.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

For this reason, it is generally recommended to eat your opponent's pieces whenever possible, as well as avoid getting eaten yourself.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Especially useful this is when the edible piece is on the opponent's side of the board, because in this case he will have to move back facing a long distance.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Eating has several benefits: It gives you a head start in the running game, as well as forcing the opponent to use half their throw to return back to the game board.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The opponent might also be incapable of coming in at all.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Eating two pieces is often a very strong move.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

A player with a head start in the running game should strive to avoid unnecessary risks.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The player behind should aim to aggressively attack the opponent's pieces.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

One main goal for both players is also to build points on their own home base, preferably in order from 5-point to lower scores, 4 and 3.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

However, the construction of points requires reasonable risk-taking.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

For your own outfield, it is worth leaving individual pieces as constructors that increase the number of dice combination men capable of forming new useful points.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Piling pieces on points that already have multiple extra pieces is often more dangerous in the long run.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The home base score both makes it difficult for an opponent to get back on the game board and serve as a barrier that makes it difficult for him to reach the outfield.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Such an obstacle formed by several consecutive points is prime (eng.).


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The strongest possible prime is formed by six consecutive points.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

It is impossible to jump over it in any eyesore until it breaks down in the course of the game.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

An important goal for defense is to build a point on the opponent's home base for some high point like 4 or 5.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Also, the opponent 7-point, that is, the stretcher point is valuable.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Such a point is called an anchor.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Its purpose is to prevent the opponent from shutting the player out of the game board or building prime in front of him.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Probabilities When throwing two dice it is possible to get 36 different combinations.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Six of these are doubles: 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, 5-5, 6-6.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The remaining thirty combinations can come in two ways.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

For example, throwing 5-2 is the same as 2-5.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Tuples are thus considerably less likely than other combinations.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

In total, there are therefore 21 different combinations.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The probability of any given number is 11/36, or about 31 per cent.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

For example, combinations where the number 3 occurs are 1-3, 3-1, 2-3, 3-2, 3-3, 4-3, 3-4, 5-3, 3-5, 6-3, and 3-6.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

If a player must leave individual pieces, it is best to leave them more than six steps away from the opponent's pieces, as such an “indirect hit” is much less likely than a “straight hit”.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The various combinations that can eat a piece 6 steps away are all 6s, double-2, double-3, 1-5, 5-1, 2-4, and 4-2, making a total of 17 different combinations.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

There are instead only six combinations capable of eating a piece seven steps away: 1-6, 6-1, 2-5, 5-2, 3-4 and 4-3.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The more pieces are within striking distance of the opponent's pieces, the greater the likelihood they have of being eaten.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The combination that can get even one of two numbers is 20, and in the case of three digits already 27.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Duplication and diversion Duplication is a tactical principle whose purpose is to reduce the number of combinations useful to the opponent.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

For example, if a player must leave two pieces exposed to an opponent's attack, you should leave the pieces at an equal distance from the opponent's piece.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The opponent's probability of eating at least one of the pieces that are 3 and 4 steps away is significantly higher than eating at least one of the pieces that are 5 paces away each.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

However, duplication is not a reason to put multiple pieces in danger.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Leaving one endangered piece is always safer than leaving two.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Another example of duplication, for example, is that an opponent needs some eye number to jump over a prime, in which case your own piece is worth leaving edible at the same eye century.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Diversion is the opposite of duplication.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Its purpose is to increase the number of the player's own useful combinatione.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

A common example is leaving blots in your own outfield, with the intention of using them to build home base points.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Opening Strategy The goals of the first moves include building home base points, activating the backmen, building an anchor, and bringing constructors to their own outfield.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The first move can't be a double, but the second player's starting moves they can be.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Some of the opening throws are always worth playing the same way.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Such throws are those that make up some important point.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The most valuable point is the 5-point, as it is at the same time both the point of home base and makes it difficult for the opponent to enter the outfield.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

If you can choose between scoring your own home base point and eating on the side of your opponent's plate half, it's generally worth eating.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Eating on your own side, on the other hand, is a weaker move than making a point at home base.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

If an opponent has moved their individual piece to a player's 5, 4 or 7 points, it is often worth eating this piece in order not to build an anchor on it.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Listed below are the transfer possibilities of opening throws according to different targets.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Many throws can be played in more ways than one.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Some ways are clearly stronger, but others depend more on the player's own style of play.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Answers for opening moves may also require playing some particular variation.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The point is made by moves 3-1: The move makes a 5-point.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

This is the best of the opening throws.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

4-2: Makes a 4-point.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

5-3: Makes a 3-point.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

6-1: Makes a stretch point, that is, a 7-point.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

(6-4): Makes 2 point.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

This move has gained popularity again recently.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Before, the 2-point was thought to be too deep at home base, leaving these pieces unable to actively participate in the game.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Today, however, every home base point is considered valuable.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

However, this is not the most popular transfer choice for this throw among good players.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Running moves 6-5: As a first move, this throw is practically always played by taking one of the backmen from 24-point to his own midpoint, that is, 13 points (denoted 24/13).


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

6-4: Runs into opponent's outfield, 24/14.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Like making a 2-point, this isn't the best move for this throw either.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

However, it might be a viable option for a weaker player playing against a more skilled player.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

If a piece escapes, this move usually creates simpler positions that give winning chances to the weaker player.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

However, the problem is that the piece needs to be secured as soon as possible and this will take up valuable time, which could be better used for the development of the game elsewhere on the board.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

If, on the other hand, the piece gets eaten, the player will have to bounce back, losing his running opportunities, and has achieved nothing with his move.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

(6-3): Runs into opponent's outfield, 23/15.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The move is even worse than running with a move at 6-4, as now getting a piece to safety is less likely.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

(6-2): 23/16.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

This is a weaker move than the previous ones.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Splitting transfers Splitting refers to the devolution of backmen to different points.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

These can be divided into large splits, bringing the piece to the opponent's 4-, 5, or 7-points, as well as small splits where the piece is moved to the opponent's 2 or 3 points.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The purpose of large splitts is usually to prepare to build an anchor on an opponent's home base or stretcher point.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Small splits increase the chances of building an anchor, make it harder for an opponent to build home base, and give greater chances to eat into the opponent's outfield.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

2-1:24/23, 13/11.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Split the backmen and bring a builder to his own outfield.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

5-1:24/23, 13/8.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The backmen split on 1 and play the piece from midpoint to 8-point.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Considered one of the weakest throws.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

5-2:24/22, 13/8.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Same idea as above.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

2-3:24/21, 13/11.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Splitting to 21 points (opponent's 4-point) is better than splitting to 22 points because 21 points are worth more.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Another piece is brought in as a builder for his own outfield.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

4-3:24/20, 13/10 or 24/21, 13/9.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

An opponent's 5-point is worth more than a 4-point, but a blot at 5 points is more vulnerable to attack because it is the point that this one most wants to make.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Moving 24/21, 24/20 is sometimes favoured in the Middle East, but this brings two pieces within direct striking distance.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

6-4:24/18, 13/9.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

This is a better move than running to 14 points.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

6-3:24/18, 13/10.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Same idea as above.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

6/2:24/18, 13/11.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Same idea as above.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Slotted transfers Slotting means leaving a blot in a wedge, with the intention of making a point on it during the next shift.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

This is a quicker way to score points, than waiting for the appropriate combinations to come.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

However, the blot is in danger of being eaten.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

In the case of opening moves, 5 points are slotted.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

These moves were in great popularity in the 70s, when it was thought that to make a 5-point, it was justified to take great risks.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The importance of the running game was underestimated.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Nowadays split opening moves have gained popularity again, but slotting is still used.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Slotting often produces more complex setups than splitting, thus emphasising the importance of skill.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

This is the reason why specialists are still slotting.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

The weaker player might want to split with these throws again.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

2-1:13/11, 6/5.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

According to computer anayses, slotting with 1-2 is practically as good a move as splitting.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

5-1:13/9, 6/5.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

In the case of this throw, slotting is a slightly weaker move than splitting.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

4-1:13/8, 6/5.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

This is the worst of the slotted transfers.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

A blot at 9 points increases the risk of being eaten.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Splitting is preferable, although slotting is not a big mistake.


Question: Where is backgammon from?

Backgammon

Sources - Finnish Backgammon Association References Category:Racing board games Category:Key articles of screening Category:Racing games


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Ahlstrom Oyj (until 2001 A. Ahlström Limited Company) was a Finnish company manufacturing fiber materials.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

In 2017, Ahlstrom merged with Swedish fiber company Munksjö to become Ahlstrom-Munksjö.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[1] [2] Ahlstrom Corporation came into existence in 2001 when the then A. Ahlström Limited Company was split into three new companies.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The industrial business of A. Ahlström Limited Company was transferred to Ahlstrom Corporation in the demerger.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The other two companies were the investment company Ahlström Capital Oy and the family company A. Ahlström Limited Company.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The original A. Ahlström Limited Company had been established in 1908 to continue the business started by Antti Ahlström in the mid-19th century.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Prior to its listing on the stock exchange in 2006, the company was a family company wholly owned by the Ahlström family.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

History A. Ahlström Oy's roots go back to 1851, when Antti Ahlström (1827—96) started his business career.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Already at the beginning he was a conglomerate: the house lived on the proceeds of a flour mill, earthenware mill, a small lump paper mill and a partially owned sawmill.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

In 1866—74 Ahlström invested heavily in shipping, from which the capital he raised, however, invested in land, one sawmill and four ironworks.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

During the 1880s and 1890s, Ahlström acquired ownership of sawmills and iron pots, the latter specializing in downstream products.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

At the time of Antti Ahlström's death in 1896, there were a total of fourteen sawmills and four ironworks in his ownership.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[3] After Antti Ahlström's death, the business began to be run by his spouse Eva Ahlström (1848—1920).


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[3] She is considered Finland's first female industrial leader.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[4] For the years 1908—31, the group was taken over by Ant and Eva's eldest son, the later mountain counsellor Walter Ahlström.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

At his death in December 1931, the Ahlström Group was the largest industrial enterprise in Finland according to Ahlstrom.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

It had more than 30 production units and over 5000 employees.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[3] During Walter Ahlström's time, the sawmill business was transformed into a conglomerate containing chemical and mechanical forestry industries, machine shops and glassworks.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Under Walter Ahlström, the firm acquired a form that it maintained broadly unchanged for more than half a century.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

During the First World War, lumber exports from Finland collapsed, but as the economy revived, Ahlström achieved excellent results, largely thanks to the timber he had stored during the war years.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

1917 the company was bought by the glass company Iittala.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

After the war, paper production began; in 1921 the company had four modern pulp mills and the largest paper mill in Europe just started operations in Varkaus.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Even under Walter Ahlström, Finland saw a general shift from mechanical woodworking to chemical, usually papermaking.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[3] The company had A. Ahlström's Varkaus machine shop [5] in Pirtinniemi, Varkaus, which had been transferred to Varkaus shipyard.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[6] At the end of the war, Ahlström employed 11000 employees.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

1937 completed as the company's headquarters in Helsinki, the Industrial Palace designed by Walter Jung.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

On its lower floor, Savoy, a restaurant built by Aino Aalto, Alvar Aalto and Dora Jung began to operate on the Eteläesplanade.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[3] After World War II, the company's chemical woodworking focused on Varkaus and mechanical Bear.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

In the 1950s the Iittala glassworks also gained fame, with Finnish glass designers Tapio Wirkkala and Timo Sarpaneva gaining recognition time and time again at the Milan Triennials.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[3] Ahlström bought the majority of the Italian paper mill Cartiere Giacomo Bosso S.p.A.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

from 1963.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The 1970s saw investment in glass wool production, among other things.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

1979 Ahlström acquired ownership of the Kämmerer paper mill in Osnabrück, Germany.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Further in the 1980s, Ahlström's focus shifted from newspaper and magazine paper to special papers.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

And in 1987, the share of engineering products in the company's turnover exceeded all other products, including processed wood.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

In the same year, Ahlström built a special paper mill in South Korea for the needs of the automotive industry, becoming one of the world's leading manufacturers in these products.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

1991 The German market expanded when the company bought yet another factory producing recycled wallpaper paper there.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[3] 1996 formed the Ahlstrom Paper Group.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The acquisition of two French companies made Ahltröm one of the world's largest manufacturers in specialty paper, fiberglass and direct fiber products. [3].


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

On 30 June 2001, the group was split into three new separate companies.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The core of the industrial business was formed by Ahlstrom Corporation, which was listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange in 2006.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Two other companies, the investment company Ahlström Capital Oy and the family company A. Ahlström Limited Company, which was responsible for the properties of the family company remained owned by the Ahlström family.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[3] Ahlstrom's forestry industry in Finland was owned by A. Ahlström used to be the Varkaus paper mill and other related forest industry, as well as the Kauttuan paper mill as a whole.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The Korkeakoski board mill in Karhula and part of the Sunila pulp mill also belonged to A. Ahlström.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The forest industry in Varkaus was sold in 1987 to Enso Gutzeit.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The paper mill in Kautua was sold to Jujo Thermal.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The Karhula cardboard factory was owned by Alcore, a company that produces shell cartons, part of Ahlstrom.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Later, American Sonoco and Alcore merged their operations into the Sonoco-Alcore company, which Sonoco has redeemed entirely for itself.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The owner of the Sunila pulp mill is after various ownership arrangements, since 2009, Stora Enso Oyj.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

[7] Manufacture of machinery for the paper industry Ahlstrom Oyj's predecessor A. Ahlström Karhula's machine shop used to manufacture paper and board machines and other equipment for the paper and pulp industry, but sold these transactions to Valmet (1987) and the Austrian company Andritz AG (2001) ).


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

The Ahlström Pumps unit, which manufactured pumps and mixers, was sold to the Swiss company Sulzer (2000).


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

One of the products of Karhula's machine shop was so called. A roller from Karhula, which was developed at the end of the 1960s.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Ahlström sold the license for the roll to American company Farrell in the 1970s.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Paper and board machines manufactured by Ahlström in Finland: Fabric paper factory, PK2, Year of commissioning: 1936, closed 2008 Jämsänkoski paper factory, PK4, Year of commissioning: 1974 Pankakoski board factory, KK1, Year of commissioning: 1912, closed: 1979 Pankakoski board factory, KK2, Year of commissioning: 1912, closed: 1979 Tervakoski paper mill, PK6, Year of commissioning: 1948, closed: 19xx Tervakoski paper mill, PK9, Year of commissioning: 1961, closed: 198x Other paper machines completed after 1948 in Tervakoski are also supplied by Ahlström.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Production plants using Ahlström factory technology: Oy Metsä-Botnia AB's Äänekoski pulp mill.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Management The company was headed by A. Ahlström Limited Liability Company Trade Advisor Antti Ahlström, Managing Director 1851-1896 Eva Ahlström, Managing Director 1896-1904 Walter Ahlström, Director General 1904-1931 Mountain Counselor Harry Gullichsen, Director-General 1932-1954 Ahlström, general manager 1954-1960 mountain counselor Bengt Rehbinder, general manager 1960-1973 Lars Mikander, general manager 1973—1981 mounineuvos Krister Ahlström, general manager 1982-1998 mountain counselor Juha Rantanen, general manager 1998—2001 Ahlstrom Corporation Rantanen, CEO 2001-2004 Risto Anttonen, CEO 2004-2008 Jan Lång, CEO 2009-2014 Marco Levi, CEO 2014-2016 Sakari Ahdekivi, interim CEO 2016-2017 Sources Literature Schybergson, Per: Works and Days.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

History of Ahlström 1851—1981.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

Huddersfield in 1992.


Question: What was Finland's first woodworking company?

Ahlstrom

On topic elsewhere (.doc) Category:Former Finnish listed companies Category:Finnish paper manufacturers Category:Paper machines Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Keith Thomas Armstrong [1] (born 11 October 1957 in Corbridge, England, UK) is an Anglo-Finnish football manager who has also made a sizable playing career in Finland.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Background Armstrong grew up in Newcastle in a rented house.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

From the age of three, he was kicking a ball in the street.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Mum was angry when the tips of her shoes went ruined.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

The first league match Armstrong saw on the ground probably came in the 1967—1968 season, when Newcastle beat Southampton 3—0.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

The main room was full, viewers 35,000.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

After that, they went to the school for eight, although classes didn't start until 9am.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

For an hour or so, the boys played football before school started.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[2] As a young man, he secured a so-called apprentice contract to Sunderland, but he played on loan at least for Newport, Scunthorpe and Workington.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

In the latter, he scored 15 goals in 16 games, with interest from Everton and hometown Newcastle United among others.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

A homely Magpies, however, was the only option.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Before any game, a call came to the club's office from Finland, where one player had been promised on loan, and when Armstrong happened to be there, he was asked if he wanted to go to Finland.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

He wanted to.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[2] Playing career Armstrong came to Finland in 1979 to Oulun Palloseura on loan papers from his favourite club Newcastle United.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

In Finland, Armstrong played for nine different clubs overall and won three Finnish championships.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

He also played in his career for Hong Kong.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

The road to Finland Getting to OPS in 1979 was a trade by chance.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Armstrong says he was on the verge of signing a contract with Newcastle when manager Bill McGarry got a call.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

McGarry had previously promised to loan one of his players to Finland for a couple of months.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

There were plans to send Jim Pearson on the trip, but he was injured.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Instead of Pearson, Finland ended up with Armstrong, whose elevation to Newcastle's representative team and gaining game time looked unlikely at the time.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[3] In 1984, the move to Finland became permanent due to family reasons.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Armstrong received Finnish citizenship in 1991.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[4] Coaching career Armstrong divorced his Finnish wife around 1992 and planned to leave Finland, but an offer from Rovaniemi Palloseura convinced him to stay in Finland.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[2] Prior to this he had been player-coach at Vasa IFK and IFK Mariehamn.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

ROPS he led to the final of the Finnish Cup.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

He coached at ROPS for two seasons, after which he switched to TP-Seinäjoki, as the Rovaniemeläisclub's managerial team had been looking for a new coach despite Armstrong's ambitions.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

He was promoted to Veikkausliiga by TP-Seinäjoki, but switched himself to FC Haka, relegated to Ykköä.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Armstrong started at the Haka in 1997 and immediately elevated it back to the league.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

The Haka then won a rare three championships in a row (1998, 1999, 2000).


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

In the Eurogames, however, Armstrong failed to achieve success, albeit Haka qualified for the third qualifying round of the Champions League against Liverpool.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

In 2002, Armstrong moved from Haka to another Finnish mighty club, Helsingin Footballoklub.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

He restored HJK to the gold standard by taking two championships in 2002 and 2003.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Thus Armstrong already had five Finnish championships as a coach.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

However, in the 2004 season, HJK could no longer renew their championship and were placed in the middle stages of the league table.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

For the 2005 season, HJK rejuvenated their team a lot.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Armstrong, however, perhaps surprisingly steered it to second place in the Veikkausliiga and a new silverware in 2006.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

In the 2007 season, HJK failed to perform according to the expectations set by club management and the public, which led to Armstrong being dismissed from the team's helm in September with the team staying in eighth place in the league.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

From 2012 to 2014, Armstrong was a sports manager at Seinäjoki Football Club.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

In the 2015 season he coached from Tampere Ilve, [5] [6] but was fired from there in October 2015.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[7] Amstrong filed a lawsuit against Ilve and its proceedings in Pirkanmaa District Court began in May 2016.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[8] The district court sided with the club in the case and ordered him to reimburse Ilves Edustus Oy EUR 15 903.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[9] Armstrong appealed the verdict to the Turku Court of Appeal.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[10] In November 2017, the Court of Appeal overturned the district court's judgment and ordered Ilves to pay Armstrong €17,200 compensation for unjustifiably terminating an employment contract.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

In addition, Ilves had to pay Armstrong legal costs of €13,000 in the District Court and €12,000 in the Court of Appeal, as well as €1,022.58 for unpaid telephone and telecommunications costs.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[11] In Marraku 2016, FC Haka announced that they have entered into a 1+1-year coaching contract with Armstrong.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[12] In October 2017, the contract was extended for two years.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[13] In 1999 (Haka), 2000 (Haka) and 2003 (HJK) Armstrong has been awarded the title of Football Coach of the Year.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

In coaching, he believes in a “disciplined deck” and a strong defence.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Dutch “total football,” its strict team discipline and simultaneous creativity, is a paragon for him.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[2] Armstrong founded his own training company, Keke Armstrong Ltd., in autumn 2006.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[14] Career as a commentator Along with a coaching career, Armstrong has served as a commentator on television.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

His first stint as a commentator occurred in 1998 in connection with the Football World Cup.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Viewers got to note that this commentator really knew a thing or two about football.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

He was also able to muster himself from the brink of tears after England lost to Argentina in a penalty shoot-out.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

After the Games, Ilta-Sanomat held a vote on the most popular commentator of the Games, and Armstrong won overwhelmingly.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

He had become a celebrity in his new homeland.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[2] Armstrong has since been a studio commentator for several World Cup and European Championships, as well as Nelonen's Champions League and Canal+ English Premier League broadcasts.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[15] [16] Armstrong has also been an expert on the FUTIS+ program.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[17] Armstrong says that it is good in the work of a commentator, “that it is not so good Finnish”.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

He explains football in the same way it is explained to 10-year-old junnus.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

[2] Change Armstrong participated in Dancing with the Stars in the spring of 2006 as a contestant.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Merit As a player Finnish championship (3): 1979, 1980, 1984 As a coach Finnish championship: (5): 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 Finnish Cup (3): 1997, 2003, 2006 Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vuorinen, Juha & Kasila, Markku| title = Pelimmies.


Question: Which English league team did Keijo 'Keke' Armstrong start his career?

Keith Armstrong

Finnish football player statistics 1930—2006| publisher = Finnish Sports Museum Foundation| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-952-99075-9-5| page = 24}} References Category:Finnish English Category:Finnish football coaches Category:Finns footballers Category:English football coaches Category:English footballers Category:Football Finnish champions Category:Legends of Veikkausliiga Class:Born in 1957 Class:Living persons


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

Hepogrades are subtropical regions located on each side of the equator30—35.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

Due to Hadley's circulation motion, the airflow in these areas is bearish, causing almost permanent high pressure.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

The regions are characterized by heat, drought and weak winds.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

In the sailing ship era, the Pacific often caused considerable delays for ships crossing hepogrades.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

In the continental regions, the hepogrates are located the great deserts of the Earth.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

The prevailing winds from the hepoastes to the poles are westerly winds, while the hepoaste-to-equator predominates pasate blowing from east to west.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

On the origin of the concept, the designation of hepates () has been elucidated by three theories.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

For Spanish ships transporting horses to the West Indies, these latitudes often caused delays to the extent that horses had to be slaughtered in order to conserve water supplies, reduce ballast and feed the crews.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

The name would thus have come from horse carriages floating in the sea.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

[1] However, another explanation for the origin of the concept is the so-called dead horse ceremony used by sailors.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

In it, sailors circled the deck of a ship on a straw horse to finally throw it into the sea.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

The crew often received part of their pay at the beginning of the nest and on several the pay dwindled rapidly.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

A penniless so-called “dead horse time” followed, which often lasted a month or two.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

The ceremony commemorated the fact that the debt of the deceased horse had been incurred when the next instalment was paid.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

Often the ceremony was set in the very basal waters, at which point they began to be called hepoastes according to the ritual.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

The third explanation is the English term work like a horse for hard physical toil.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

The typical way to cross horse rates and base was to lower a ship boat into the water, hook up a tow rope, and command the men to row.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

Towing a ship by rowing by rowboat has been hard work, and on the other hand, a ship boat has been “harnessed” like a workhorse to pull the ship.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

Sailors have then had to “work like a horse” on heporates.


Question: Where are the latitudes of the so-called horse?

Hepogradesses

Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Meteorology Category:Latitudes


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi () is a Finnish city and the capital of a former Lapland county located off the Arctic Circle at the confluence of the Kemijoki River and Ounasjoki in the province of Lapland.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It is a football player, university town, and the center of commerce, administration and education in its region, as well as a sports and culture town.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi was separated from Rovaniemi Rural Municipality in 1929 and in 1960 Rovaniemi Merchant Farm became one of the first six so-called new cities in Finland.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi, merged with the rural municipality of Rovaniemi in early 2006, is the 17th largest city in Finland in terms of population (in 2017), but the largest in Finland and Europe by area.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[1] [2] The city is also the second largest city in Northern Finland in terms of population after Oulu.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi has been the northernmost city in Finland since the 2006 association of municipalities, which merged the rural municipality of Rovaniemi into Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The neighbouring municipalities of Rovaniemi are Kittilä and Sodankylä to the north, Kolari, Pello and Ylitornio to the west, Tervola, Ranua and Posio to the south, and Kemijärvi and Pelkosenniemi to the east.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The word rova means wooded ridge or sparsely wooded uplands.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The word is a loan from the Sámi language, where roavvi denotes an old fire zone or wooded hazard or ridge.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[3] The name of Rovaniemi in the Sami languages is:, and.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

History Early History Miniature|Copy of Rovaniemi moose head.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The original wooden sculpture was found in a marsh in Lehtojärvi in Rovaniemi in 1955.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The sculpture dates to about 5790 BCE.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The history of the settlement of Rovaniemi goes back 8,000 years to the Stone Age (about 6000 BCE).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The pine-wood moose head found in Lehtojärvi is dated to be nearly 8,000 years old, and a camp site has been maintained at Vaarala Matkavaara around the same time [4].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

At about the same time, discoveries from the High village (lures, scrapers and spearheads. [5]) have also been scheduled.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The current urban area, Valionranta opposite the centre on the Ounasvaara side has been permanently inhabited in at least two periods: 2920-2690 BCE.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

as well as around 1700 BC.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

- 300 share.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

This result has been reached on the basis of excavations, related discoveries and analyses carried out in Valionranta in 2013 [6].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Stone Age inhabitants are presumed to have supported themselves by moose and deer hunting, as well as fishing; after Lake Anclylus turned into the salty Litor Sea around 5500 BCE.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

formed seals and salmon as major food sources.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Artifacts preserved from the first 3,000 years are made of stone, wood and bone, most characterised by large lures, or so-called. Rovaniemi luck.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The making of earthenware was learned in the Rovaniemi region around 4200 BCE, and the first bronze artifacts arrived from the east around 1300—1000 BCE.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The first signs of farming are from near the Overvillage, from where pollen analysis shows that seasonal activity suggesting irrigation or culling began between the years 750—530 BCE.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

around [7].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

East of Ounasvaara, in Riitakanranta of Sierijärvi and Kotijänga, iron smelting kilns have been found around 2000 years old, where iron was made from local marsh or lake ore using charcoal.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Fixed peasant settlement in the area has begun between the 12th and 13th centuries, although the area appears to have been continuously inhabited since the Stone Age.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The strong Hämäläis-Hundred material of the place name indicates that the oldest settler came mainly from there.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Later, as settlers, Rovaniemi came mainly from Hämäläs, but also Finns, Karelians, Vienans, Swedes, Norwegians, Kainuulais and Germans.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Due to this fact, the dialect of the Rovaniemi region is a diverse mix of different dialects and even different languages.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

However, the migration has not been very large-scale, as even in the 1540s, Rovaniemi had a population of just under 200 people, some descendants of Stone Age inhabitants.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The area was also inhabited by Sami people, as evidenced by nomenclature (e.g. Kolpene saam.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Colpan 'dry cloth'), object discoveries and lineage information.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

When local government in Finland was organized, the Rovaniemi region became part of the Keeper of Kemi in the early 15th century; however, there was no permanent state representative in the region, but in the 16th and 17th centuries the authorities were still handled, as a rule, in Kemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

For the first time, Rovaniemi is mentioned in documents on 7 September 1453, when the Vouti of Ostrobothnia confirmed the land deal involving the Korkalo and Rovaniemi holdings.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Until the 18th century, the Rovaniemi region was named Korkala.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[8] Beginning with the administration, Rovaniemi belonged to the Kemi Parish.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

However, there was not a single churchman in the area for a long time; the Rovaniemi people still had to visit Kemi a few times a year a few times a year.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Finnish antiquity with its gods, elves, spirits, ghosts and deceased flourished alongside Christianity for a long time; as recently as 1803 Jakob Fellman reported seeing a seida at Muurola's salmon dam to whom food and tobacco were sacrificed.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

At the beginning of the 17th century, a chapel congregation under Kemi was formed from Rovaniemi, and the first church was built from 1605 to 1611.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was disposed of by the Vianhajans in 1611.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

A new church was built by 1622, it was replaced by a new church by 1688, and this in turn was subsequently replaced by a church burned in the Lapland War of 1817.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Initially the vicar of Kemi went to hold worship services in these churches a few times a year, but in the late 1630s Rovaniemi had its first chaplain, Christer Eric.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[9] In 1725, the population of the Rovaniemi region was around 450.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Population growth accelerated in the 18th century as elsewhere in Finland: the 1,000 person limit was exceeded in the 1770s and the 2000 person limit in the early 1820s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Rovaniemi region was separated from Kemi in 1785 when the administrative authorities confirmed the status of an independent Rovaniemi parish.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

At the end of the 18th century, the centre of Korkalonniemi began to form the centre of the keeper: the old chaplain and the locker lived there, borderline viscals came there, and the commissioner lived variously in the Ylikkylä or Saarekylä.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Craftsman and professional people were also concentrated in the Korkalonniemi region and in part Saarekylä.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[10] Rovaniemi's rise as a centre of trade, transport and administration in Lapland until the middle of the 19th century, Rovaniemi was a group of small rural villages with few inhabitants (approx.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

2,800 still in 1850 in an area the size of present-day Rovaniemi) earned their living mainly by farming and animal husbandry with fishing and hunting being the main minor industries.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi's heyday began with the rise of Finnish forestry in the second half of the 19th century.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi did not form as a centre for woodworking, although with sawmills established in the area (e.g.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Pitkäniemi sawmill, completed in 1901 at the site of the present Arktikum in Sahanä and Seinen sawmill) was of considerable local importance.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

On the other hand, the central location and good transport links in relation to the Kemijoki River and Ounasjoki made Rovaniemi a major centre of transport and commerce and later also an administrative centre.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The road to Kemi in 1839 connected the Rovaniemi kingdom to the road network.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the following decades, road works slowly progressing in Lapland mainly connected Rovaniemi with various local centres.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The subsidy puree started in the 1860s — swimming logs along the Kemi and Ounas rivers to Kemi — emphasised Rovaniemi's status as a logistics hub.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The railway line obtained in 1909 sealed the Rovaniemi station as a logistical center.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the early 20th century, steamboat traffic was an important link between Rovaniemi and the tops of the Kemi and Ounas rivers.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi Airport began to be built in 1939 at its current location, and the first two grass-covered runways were completed in 1940.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Before the 1860s, there were no shops in Rovaniemi; Rovaniemi people made their purchases from each other, cities (e.g. Kemin) from traders or export-heralian stray traders known as bag-racks.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The first land store received its concession in the early 1860s, and the prosperity brought by forestry and the advantageous location of the church village as a transit point brought the locality to the number of shops to thirteen by 1877.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The first pharmacy came in the 1880s, and by 1898 the number of shops was already 27.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In 1906, the Rovaniemans set up a cooperative shop for themselves, and the Workers' Cooperative Lapinmaa started 1922.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

At first shops were set up only in the vicinity of the church, but soon they began to come to the countryside, and in addition there were so-called savotta shops, where localities could shop.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[11] The market in Rovaniemi became a major economic institution along with trade parks.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In 1880, the church village gained market rights, and the first market was held in February 1881.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Soon they began to achieve nationwide fame, and by the turn of the century the market was already an important commercial event.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

They were held three times a year: a week-long main market in February, the Midsummer Market and the Mikkelinmarket in autumn.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The market was a large, multicultural and colourful event where people arrived from all over Finland and from neighbouring countries.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Russians, Norwegians, Swedes, Jews, Roma and Tatars, among others, sold fabrics, household supplies, tools, etc., to the inhabitants who were enriched by forest sales or in forestry work, and the locals, among others.


Question: In what year has the first seen Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

For brokers from England, mainly furs.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the wake of the economic boom, life farming also advanced.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The first library was obtained in 1860 and the first bookstore in 1895.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The first national school started operating in the autumn of 1870 in Rantavitika; it was the first national school in Northern Finland to be established outside the then cities.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

There were many more children of national school age in Rovaniemi than the school could accommodate, so in 1882 two circular school teachers were hired, staying in each village for three weeks at a time before moving on to the next; thus providing education for about two-thirds of the students. children from Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1902 started Jatila, Namma and Saarekylä national schools, and by 1908 there were already 10 national schools in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The first middle school (Rovaniemi Central School, later Rovaniemi Yhjoinlyceum, now Lyceum School) started in 1908.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The first newspaper, Rovaniemi Sanomat, began to appear in 1909, but as it had to be printed at the end of troublesome transport links in Kemi (printings were only allowed to exist in cities), it appeared only 34 issues.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

As the change of law allowed printing works in rural areas, the “Rovaniemi” newspaper, which appeared three times a week, was founded in 1921.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

When it soon became connected to the Coalition Party, rural allies of the locality founded 1928 the People of Lapland.In 1867, Rovaniemi obtained its own municipal administration separate from the parish.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The church village of Rovaniemi was founded in 1875.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The church village of Rovaniemi was formed into an agglomeration community in 1901 [12] and after a long period of toil it received trade rights in 1929; on the same occasion the merchant sector was segregated from the rural municipality of Rovaniemi, which surrounds the merchant farm on all sides.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Kauppala was made the administrative centre of Lapland County, founded in 1938.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Continuation War and German garrison In the Continuation War, Rovaniemi served as a garrison town for the Germans.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

There was no building stock adaptable to military use in the area: the joint staff of Germans and Finns was in the national school, the Germans officers' club served as a country house almost one hundred years old, and so on.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Because of this, the Germans undertook large-scale construction work and built a large number of buildings (barracks, depots, warehouses, canopies, a club house, a club house, an officers' club and so on) during the Continuation War 1941—1944. earthworks sites (sports venues, roads, battle stations, etc.) that quickly transformed Rovaniemi before small splinter areas apart from a rustic cityscape into a small-town area in a relatively large area of the present city centre and around it.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The name used by the Rovaniemi people from that period includes a sports field named after Erwin Rommel, which was built by German soldiers.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Germans also cleared the first slalom slope at Ounasvaara in 1943; German army commander Eduard Dietl was an avid skier.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[13] With the end of the war effort between Finland and the Soviet Union on 4 September 1944, the demand was for the expulsion of the Germans by 15 September 1944.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The inhabitants of Kauppala and the rural municipality left, assisted by the Germans.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Kauppala had 8233 inhabitants at the time.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Of these, 4800 were in Evakos in Sweden, the rest in further southern Finland.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[14] The destruction of Rovaniemi in the 1944 Lapland War when German troops retreated used scorched earth tactics.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the merchant house of Rovaniemi, the Germans' own barracks were burned 7.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

on October.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[15] Other buildings in Kauppala were burned or blown up between 10 and 16.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

October, and the destruction was complemented on October 14 at the downtown train station by an apparently accidentally exploded 400-ton ammunition train.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[16] [17] On the same day, the bridges of Suutartar and Ounaskoski were blown up.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Just before their retreat north on 16 October, the Germans used firebottles to set the church in Rovaniemi ablaze.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[18] Kauppala was completely destroyed: almost 90% of the buildings were destroyed.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

On the rural side, the Germans destroyed about 60 percent of the building stock.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Reconstruction miniature|From the reconstruction of Rovaniemi in 1949 The first inhabitants, who were on the Finnish side, returned at the very end of November.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The post office opened in the railway station house on December 1, 1944.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The temporary municipal office of the rural municipality opened on November 25, the commercial equivalent in December, as well as the first shops.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The first train from the south arrived on 15 April 1945.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Most of the inhabitants of the rural municipality had returned by September 1945, while the main part of the inhabitants of the merchant sector were in Rovaniemi in the autumn of 1946.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The county government house was completed in 1947, the merchant house in 1948, and a new church in August 1950.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[18] After the war, Alvar Aalto designed a new city centre reindeer horn plan [19], which was confirmed in 1947.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The reconstruction of Rovaniemi lasted about eight years and was entrusted to KYMRO, the construction department of the Ministry of Transport and Public Works.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The most prominent international relief organization during Reconstruction was the UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), which distributed e.g.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

food, textiles, pharmaceuticals and household supplies.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Most of the aid came from the United States and Sweden.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[14] With funds from Sweden, the Kiruna district of Ounasvaara was built.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Later period Economy Post-war settlement activity increased the intermediate number of the rural municipality of Rovaniemi in particular.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Settlement activity continued strong until the mid-1960s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Based on the Land Use Act 1958, nearly 200 new farms were created in the rural municipality and additional lands were given to 900 old farms.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The population was also increased by the construction activities of hydroelectric power plants: Petäjäskoski 1953-57, Pirttikoski 1956-59, Valajaskoski 1957-60, Permantokoski 1960-61 and Vanttauskoski 1967-72.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The number of construction workforce in the rural municipality increased tenfold during the 1960s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the 1960s, an about-turn of agricultural policy from the establishment of new farms to restricting agricultural production, as well as mechanization of forestry works, prompted a major migration, strong migration from rural areas to cities in southern Finland and Sweden.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The migration loss in the rural municipality of Rovaniemi in 1965-75 amounted to 4,300 people.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

At the same time, in the city, service activities expanded in terms of state district administration, school office, social work and health care.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In 1970, an anti-aircraft battery from Kokkola moved to the rural municipality and in 1973 from Luonetjärvi to Häme, the name changed to Lapland Flight.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The town's migration victory in 1965-75 turned out to be 2,500 people.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Uitto, which employed the people of Rovaniemi, lived in its heyday in the folding of the 1950s and 1960s, when the forest industry in the north needed plenty of raw materials and the logging of the pool in Loka and Porttipahda increased the quantities of wood.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The last swim took place in 1991.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Culture The cultural life of Rovaniemi [20] has been lively in relation to the size of the locality in the post-war period due to its status as a provincial centre.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1949, a theatre operated by the Supporting Society was established and operated in the old station restaurant until the completion of the Lappia House in 1976.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In 1962, the facility transformed into a state and city-supported professional theater, and in 1978 to a permanent regional theater.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

At the end of the 1940s, a music college was established in connection with the Rovaniemi Free University, which initially operated under the support association; however, after the end of state aid, the college was mired in crisis in the late 1960s, and the city of Rovaniemi established the Municipal Lapland Music College in 1969.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The activities have since expanded to include side points in Sodankylä, Pello, Ranua and Posio.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Music College has been based in the Lappia House since 1972. The Rovaniemi Orchestra was founded in 1972, where teachers and pupils of the Music College and members of the Garrison College played.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1973 saw the start of the Municipal String Quartet, in the mid-1970s the city established the post of conductor, and 1982 the Rovaniemi Philharmonic Orchestra, with 13 players, began its activities.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Philharmonic Orchestra initially performed in the church, the Lappia House, the Art Museum and the Arktikum House, but today its hotbed is Korundi, a cultural house.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Literary life has also been lively.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Among the writers who started the wars went on to the 1950s and 60s A.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

E. Järvinen, K. M. Wallenius and Annikki Setälä-Sundquist.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Among those who started the wars, prolific writers have included Annikki Kariniemi, Jorma Etto and Oiva Arvola, in whose books northern themes have played a significant part.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Better known as a politician, Esko-Juhani Tennilä has also written poetry and narrative collections.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the 1990s, Rovaniemi was brought prominently to Finnish literature by Jari Tervo.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Other contemporary writers of Rovaniemelian-oriented origin include


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rosa Liksom, Paula Havaste and Katja Kittu.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Fine art in Rovaniemi was long detached from European fashion trends, and the works were portraits, landscape paintings, etc. In the early 1960s, many Lappish artists adopted informalism, which as a spontaneous style was suitable for Lapland nature for filming.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the same decade, other abstract trends arrived in the city's fine art life.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Admittedly, with the social transformation of the 1960s and 70s, realism reared its head again, and artists portrayed emigration to Sweden, rural desolation and unemployment.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Notable visual artists who have influenced Rovaniemi include Andreas Alariesto, Matti Saanio, Elsa Montell-Saanio, Tapani Rantala, Toivo Turunen, Martti Isomeja, Kari Tuisku, Tuula Mukka, Otto Suutari, Seppo Öfverström and Eero Kumpula.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Administration Rovaniemi was a commercial sector until 1 January 1960, when it became a city together with Hyvinkää, Salo, Kouvola, Seinäjoki and Riihimäki.


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Rovaniemi

The University of Lapland (since December 1990 University of Lapland) was established in 1979.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the same year, the Rovaniemi Court of Appeal began its activities.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

On 1 January 2006, Rovaniemi and Rovaniemi Rural Municipality merged.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The new municipality was renamed the city of Rovaniemi and its coat of arms was the coat of arms of the rural municipality of Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the town every five years since 1980.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

On 1 January 2017, the regional division used is in accordance with the situation.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The city's population exceeded 60,000 inhabitants in September 2010.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[21] Geography Climate Nature sites Just off the centre, south of Veitikanharju lies the small, low and lush Harju Lake, one of the 100 best bird sites in Finland [22].


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Rovaniemi

85 species of birds have been found there, of which 32 (silk whimper, red-foot gull, small gull and others) nest regularly and 17 occasionally.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The pond bird tower is located at the junction of Yliopistoonkatu and Korvanranta and is signposted from the junction.


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Rovaniemi

About 100 kilometres east of the urban area lies a fall called Auttiköngäs in the Kemijoki River, which is circled by a 3.5 kilometre-long nature trail with lean-to.


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Rovaniemi

[23] It is also home to the historic swimming dam and weir.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

About 10 kilometres southwest of the urban area, on the Sukulanraka slope in Rautiosaari near Valajaskoski Power Station, there are 14 sweatbones.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Hiiidenkirnui is guided by the Itähalfentie of Kemijoki.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the southwestern corner of Rovaniemi lies the Pisavaara Natural Park, which extends into the territory of the municipality of Tervola.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Going into the area is subject to licence.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Agglomerations At the end of 2017, Rovaniemi had 62,420 inhabitants, of whom 55,540 lived in agglomerations, 6,243 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of the residence of 637 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose coordinates of residence are known; the agglomeration rate in Rovaniemi is 89.9%.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[24] The agglomeration population of Rovaniemi is divided between five different agglomerations: [25] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Economy The vast majority of Rovaniemi people are active in service occupations (81.1% in 2006 [26]), but several well-known industrial enterprises are also active in the city, such as Lappset Oy, a manufacturer of knives, a manufacturer of snowmobiles, a manufacturer of hydraulic equipment Norrhydro Oy, a reindeer and game meat processing and asphalt machinery Ltd.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Tourism is Lapland's strong export product and tourism has been a key growth sector in Lapland in recent years [27].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Santa Claus Pajakylä and ski resort Ounasvaara are located in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In 2012, the business turnover of the tourist centers of Rovaniemi amounted to EUR 59 million and 870 employees.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[27] Rovaniemi has the highest number of international overnight stays after Helsinki and Vantaa [28].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi Airport is the third busiest airport in Finland.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi was until 2009 the administrative center of Lapland County.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today it is the administrative centre of the province of Lapland and is home to the regional administrative centre of the province [29].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The University of Lapland operates in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi is also home to the Rovaniemi Court of Appeal, one of the six courts of appeal in Finland [30].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Other government institutions in the locality are also the State Information and Communication Technology Centre Valtori.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi is a major military centre and garrison town: the Lapland Anti-Aircraft Regiment is located on Someroharju, as well as Lapland Flight and its subordinate Fighter Fighter Squadron 11 with fighter aircraft fleets.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The headquarters of the Lapland Border Guard is also in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Before, a Border Guard garrison was also located in the town, where conscripts were trained.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Cityscape Rovaniemi's central area on Korkalonniemi on the banks of the Kemijoki River has already had urban features since the early 19th century.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In 1821 the vicar of Rovaniemi, Jacob Fellman, described that narrow area thus [31]: “When looking at a distance over the green meadows cut by natural canals, somia houses appear to them as a small town or a merchant.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

They call it the city of Pihkapori.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

I do not know if the name was due to the wealth in the village since the old days, where there have been 70 springs, or because there were houses in one pile, or because there has been a market there since the days of the Pirkans, or, most likely, that it has long times made of resin and polo.”


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

By the way, Rovaniemi has almost until modern times been a rustic landscape.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Before the arrival of the Germans in 1941, Rovaniemi was, apart from a few small areas of the centre, a loosely built complex resembling a rural church village.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Its wooden buildings were Empire inspired peasant houses, or represented refresher styles, Art Nouveau and 1920s classicism.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In addition, the merchant house was quite rich in stone houses of functionalism built in the 1930s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The city plan, designed by architect Oiva Kallio, completed in 1933, had begun to create an urban look for the merchant sector; the city plan was based on large four-storey box blocks.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[32] Large-scale construction work by the Germans intensified the cityscape, and after they left, the urban building continued to densify, although they destroyed most of the buildings and structures when they retreated.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today, Rovaniemi's cityscape mostly resembles an ordinary closely built Finnish city.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The special quality of Rovaniemi is reminded of, in addition to the architecture of some of the central public buildings, the rivers and the surrounding boreal hazard landscape, as well as the unique natural light, ice and snow of the north, with a vivid background of the seasons.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The urban area of Rovaniemi is located at the junction point of the Kemi and Ounas rivers.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It is bounded by three high elevation hazards: Korkalovaara in the west, Ounasvaara in the east behind the Kemijoki river, and Syväsenvaara in the north behind the confluence of rivers.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In addition, going south from the urban area along the Kemiriver, Pöyliövaara is located, and behind Korkalovaara, Vennivaara.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the urban area, three bridges lead across the Kemijoki River.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The southernmost of them is the Ounaskoski Railway and Road Bridge.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The bridge was completed in 1934, and in retreat in 1944 it was destroyed by German troops.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

However, it was rebuilt after the war.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

North of this is the second bridge, Jätkäncandle, leading from the downtown area to the Ounasvaara side.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was completed in 1989.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The third bridge over Kemijoki is the Suutarinkorva Bridge from Ounasvaara to Saarekylä, located in Kemijoki before its association with Ounasjoki.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Also, this bridge serves as a railway bridge.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The fourth bridge goes over Ounasjoki at the point where it joins the Kemijoki River and connects the downtown area to Saarekylä.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was completed in 1966.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Slightly outside the urban area is the Saareputaan Bridge (finished.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1925, Kuusamontie).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The most significant concentration of public buildings in Rovaniemi is located in the area bordered by Hallisikatu, Kemijoki, Jorma Eto road and Erottaja.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Completed in 1976, the Lappia House (Jorma Eton road 8 A), designed by architect Alvar Aalto, houses the Music College, the City Theatre and Yleisradion Lapland Regional Delivery.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Lappia House also hosts concerts and other public events.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Aalto has also designed the neighbouring Rovaniemi City Library (Jorma Eto road 6), which was completed in 1965, which also serves as the Lapland Provincial Library.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Collections in the Library's Lapland section include material on Lapland, North Calot, the Barents region and the Arctic regions.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The department houses the Finnish Sami Special Library and the Finnish Central Collection of Greenland literature.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Temporary art exhibitions are held in the library's Lapponica Hall.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The third house in the area is the town hall (Hallentakatu 7), completed in 1988, where the city council holds its meetings; it was designed by Alvar Aalto's architectural firm.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In addition, a police department (Halluskatu 1 A) and an agency house are located in the concentration.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Between Valtakatu and Ounaskoski there is a complex of buildings completed 1947—1948, comprising an office house, three three-storey dwelling houses and a two-storey townhouse that has housed the country lord's official residence and representative quarters.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

A swimming association house is also located in the area (see.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

below).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The cultural house Korundi (Lapinkäjäntie 4) was renovated from the old postal car depot and opened in 2011.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Corundum is a species of rock particularly found in Lapland.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

However, part of the house has served as an art museum since October 1986; the conversion of the premises from a postal car depot to an art museum was designed by architect Juhani Pallasmaa.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The House of Culture is located next to Highway 4, which bisects the centre.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It has facilities for the Lapland Chamber Orchestra and the Rovaniemi Art Museum.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[33] On the banks of Ounas River is located the Arktikum House (Pohjoinranta 4), opened in 1992, where the Arctic Centre popularising Northern Science and Research of the University of Lapland and the Lapland Provincial Museum are located.


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Rovaniemi

[34] There is also a library open to everyone in Arktikum.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Next to the building is located the Science Centre Pilke, [35] whose specialty area is Northern Forestry.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In Pöykkölä, about 3.5 kilometres southeast of the city centre, there is the Lapland Forest Museum [36] (Metsämuseontie 7) and the Rovaniemi Home Museum [37] (Pöykköläntie 4).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Forest Museum describes the era of the great savotas in Lapland from the 1870s to the 1960s-70s; the museum grounds include savotta flats, forestry equipment, swimming equipment and forestry machinery from all over Lapland.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The main building, the wooden house and the two fences are from the 19th century and once belonged to the Pöykkölä space, and 13 log buildings from the Rovaniemi area have also been moved to the museum area.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The museum reflects a century-old wealthy peasant house with its belonging buildings.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Many prominent public buildings in Rovaniemi are designed, personalized and distinctive by Ferdinand Salokankka and completed during the reconstruction period.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

For example, for example, the merchant house that operates today as a hotel (finished.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1949, Valtakatu 18), fire station (1949, Koskikatu 61), downtown school (1954, Pohjolankatu 2), Rantavitika school teachers' residence house (1950, Eteläranta 2), as well as the former vocational school and its dormitory (1961, Korvanranta 50).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Bus station [38]


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1959, Lapinkäjäntie 2) is an architecturally significant transport hub designed by architects Kaarlo Leppänen, Niilo Pulkka and Pekka Rajala (architectural firm Aili and Niilo Pulkka).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Its constructional bearing idea is the form of a fell in the roof structures and the entrance canopy, describing the identity of the city; the same theme was later applied by Alvar Aalto in the Lappia House.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The station building and the station yard were implemented as a result of an architectural competition, and the corresponding model of the company assembling passenger services and the objective of architectural quality were subsequently followed at the Sodankylä and Kemijärvi bus stations designed by that architectural firm.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Muurola railway station, on the other hand, represents a very post-war Northern railway construction.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The station's unified ensemble is formed by the station building (burnt down in December 2014) as well as two residential houses with economic buildings.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi Church Designed by Architect Bertel Liljequist, the Rovaniemi church was completed in 1950.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It is located south of City Hall, across the train tracks.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The predecessor of the present church was burned in the Lapland War on 16 October 1944.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The cross, illuminated by the red neon light of the church, provoked haunting and debate long after the church was completed.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today, the cross is illuminated with red led lights.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Demolished and preserved historic buildings Most of the houses in the urban area of Rovaniemi were destroyed when German troops retreated in October 1944.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

However, some notable buildings remained: the former station building (Poromiehentie 1) was completed in 1909.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

After the completion of the new Kemijärvi line in 1934, the old station became an apartment for railroaders; in 1935 a second station building was completed in Rovaniemi for the Kemijärvi line approximately at the site of the current city library, but it was destroyed in 1944.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

After the war, the building has served as a post office, temporary railway station, women's office and Lapland provincial museum [39].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today the building houses the Rovaniemi School of Fine Arts.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The stationmaster's house (Poromiehentie 6) was at one time located next to the railway yard (today, on the site of the former rail yard there is Highway 4 dug into the ground).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house now operates a kindergarten.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house of Alaruokanen (Valakatu 8) represents typical 19th century Afterbothnian architecture.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[40] Originally a red-mulched house with stone ingots and log-framed, was built by Aapo Frans Ruokanen in the 1860s as a residence for his family.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Later e.g.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The foundation of stone blocks is partially replaced with concrete and three porches are built into the house.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It has served as a country house, but also e.g.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

as a kestikievar, a place of call and as a German officers' club and command post during World War II [40] It is nowadays available to city dwellers for their festive events.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The postal car depot (Lapinvierjäntie 4) was built 1931—1933.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

As a brick structure, it is a rarity in the architecture of Old Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

After the war, the depot was expanded and housing was also made for depot workers who lost their homes.