Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[1] It was nearly a mile and a half long and consisted of huge, wide footprints resembling monkey marks, with large and rounded toes; the big toe in particular was bulky.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[1] The mountaineers were unable to determine them as being left by any animal, but Tensing told them they belonged to a yeti, or a jet.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[1] Shipton took the photographs that became famous in the footsteps.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[1] Several zoologists and anthropologists have studied the images, [2] but no consensus has been reached on them.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Many researchers consider the images to be a hoax, [1] while others believe they are the best proof yet of the existence of a yeti.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] In 1954, the British Daily Mail newspaper sent an expedition to Mount Everest looking for signs of a yeti.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] Included were Indian ornithologist Biswamoy Biswas.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

The result yielded photographs of peculiar footprints and a blockage of hair, which in studies by Professor Frederic Wood Jones proved likely belonged to some rough-haired ungulate.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] In 1957, an expedition financed by American oil millionaire Tom Slick left for the Himalayas.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] It found feces containing a nematode new to science.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] The feces were inferred to originate from an animal unknown to science because nematodes usually live in only one host species.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] Known as the conqueror of Mount Everest, Sir Edmund Hillary led an exploratory expedition organised in 1960.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] It received a hair follicle from Khumjung Monastery which was claimed to have come from the scalp of a yeti.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] Investigations did not establish which animal the hairs belonged to.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Hillary's jethunt involves a peculiar sequence of events.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Tom Slick heard rumours in 1959 that a mummified yeti's hand is being stored in the Nepalese monastery of Pangboche.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] He hired two men to steal this so-called “hand of Pangboche” and put human bones in its place in a monastery.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] Slick did not dare to carry the hand off the ground himself, so he entrusted it to his friend, the renowned actor James Stewart.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] Stewart was in India at the time for the filming of his new film, after which he delivered the hand to Professor W. C. Osman Hill, University of London [2].


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Upon examining the hand, Hill concluded that it belongs to some unknown primate.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] At the same time as the genuine “hand of Pangboche” was in London, Edmund Hillary received in a Nepalese monastery to see the human bones left there by the thieves, and interpreted them as a hoax, whatever they were.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] In the 1970s, footprints were found in the mountains of Nepal, which even experts familiar with the fauna of the Himalayas could not determine the source.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[1] Alleged yeti marks and hairs have been found in the 21st century too.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[2] American television presenter Josh Gates, along with his team of researchers, discovered the footprints of a possible jet in 2007.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

The footprints were found at a height of 2850 metres near Mount Everest in Nepal.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

The tracks were 33 centimeter gauges.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[5] After a year, Josh Gates travelled with his team of researchers to Bhutan in search of Jet again.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

On a search expedition, they found hairs that DNA tests suggested belonged to a large primate unknown to science.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[6] On October 20, 2008, a Japanese team of adventurers released a photograph comparing a human footprint to that found on Mount Dhaulagiri.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

The trace found is about 20 cm long and resembles a human print.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Conjecture about the species of yeti Those scientists who do not completely knock out the possibility of the existence of a yeti have suggested that it could be some species of Gigantopithecus that escaped extinction.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[1] According to another theory, jeti is a species of orangutan adapted to mountain conditions.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[1] A yeti in literature and entertainment since the 1950s, the yeti has become a major figure in the Western entertainment industry.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

[1] Directed by Armand Lohikoski and scripted by Reino Helismaa, the Finnish film Pekka and Pätkä on the trail of a yeti man from 1954 contains several yeti scenes.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

The title person was played by Vihtori Välimäki, who was chosen for the role due to his height after a press search (Välimäki later also appeared in three other Pekka and Pätkä films in other roles).


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Of the internationally distributed yeti themed cartoon albums, the most famous is Tintti in Tibet.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Hergé, the draughtsman of the Tintti comic strip, is reported to have drawn the tracks of the yeti displayed on the cover, using photographs published in magazines as models.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Counting on Britain's most successful pop artists, Kate Bush tapped into Himalayan yeti legends with her single track “Wild Man” from the album 50 Words for Snow.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

See also Snowman-like creatures claimed to have been observed around the world: [7] Alma, Mongolia Stink ape or Skunk ape, Florida Bigfoot or Bigfoot, North America Orang-mawas or Orang Mawas, Malaysia Pendek man or Orang Pendek, Sumatra Tjutjuna i.e. Chuchunya, Siberia Yeren, China Yowie, Australia Sources On the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

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Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

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Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

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Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is Jeti?

Yeti

(includes image from 1958) Category:Cryptozoology Category:Himalaya Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Medieval music comprises music made in Europe from the genesis of the independent Christian musical tradition between the 30th and 4th centuries up to the end of the 14th century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Medieval music is very strongly associated with the Christian church and its roots in the Jewish tradition.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Many features of Western art music developed during the Middle Ages specifically within the church circle, among them sheet music writing and polyphony.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Most of the schools and composers operated within the church circuit, and only a few laymen could read sheet music.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Because of this, no more than some hundreds of monophonic songs have survived from early secular music of the Middle Ages.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Among the musical styles of the early medieval period, later Western art music has been most influenced by Gregorian church music.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[1] Towards the end of the Middle Ages, the polyphony of music became more complicated and sounds became more independent relative to each other.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Among the types of compositions developed in the Late Middle Ages, the most central is the motet.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[2] Ecclesiastical music from the 400—10th centuries has survived mainly church music.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The roots of early Christian music go back to the Jewish musical tradition, and especially the singing of Psalms.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

This is supported by the melodic similarities found in studies between the psalm songs of early Christian churches and the oral psalm singing tradition of Jews.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[3] Unlike the eastern parts of the imploded Roman Empire, where the Byzantine Empire remained in strength until the Renaissance, and therefore where there was a fairly extensive unified tradition of Byzantine music, the western parts were subject to the influence of many different peoples, among them Celts, Angls, Franks, and to the power of the langobards.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

This soon led to the emergence of various local ecclesiastical traditions, each of which also had their own style of church music.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The best known of these numerous stylistic directions and traditions is Ambrosian, Old Roman and Gregorian church music, which has most influenced the development of Western music.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[4] Early Middle Ages Byzantine music Byzantine church music was the church music of the Patriarchates of the East, the area of the present Orthodox Church, that originated in the territory of the Byzantine Empire.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The melodies of the music were based on eight tunes, or octoekhos, which became a paragon for the eight modes of the Western Church.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Songs used in worship services began to be recorded beginning in the 9th century, and many of these compositions are still used in Orthodox churches.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[4] Many Byzantine church songs are based on cantonization, that is, the compilation of melody from small finished melody snippets.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Different snippets of melody were used in different parts of the work, for example at the beginning or end of phrases, or to highlight key words in a text.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Some phrases were tasked with acting as bridges between different sections.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

By combining these different elements during the performance of improvisas, it was possible to produce the final melody of the piece.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[4] Gregorian church music Gregorian church song originated in the late 6th or early 7th century when the Schola Cantorum (School of Singers) was established in Rome, singing at all worship services delivered by the Pope.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In the Schola Cantorum circle, melodies regular to the various texts of worship began to form slowly.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

This standard repertoire, which ordered certain texts of worship to be presented on certain days of the church year with prescribed melodies, took shape by the middle of the 8th century and remained virtually unchanged until the 16th century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[5] The spread of Gregorian church music was influenced above all by political reasons.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The alliance of the Pope and the Frankish king benefited both, and the uniform practice of worship helped Pipin the Little fuse his fragmented kingdom into a single kingdom.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The connection between Rome and the Franks was further strengthened when Pope Leo III crowned Pipin's son Charles the Great as Emperor of the Holy German-Roman Empire.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[5] The purpose of all Gregorian chants was first and foremost to highlight the text of the song.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In large, echoing medieval churches, it was easier to get clear from sung than from read texts.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Unlike Renaissance music, composers did not seek to illustrate or express the emotional states conveyed by the text; the tunes were made to reproduce only the form and rhythm of the text.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Phrases tend to be arcuate in shape starting with and ending in a low note and going higher in the middle phases of the phrase, which corresponded to the practice of spoken Latin.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Gregorian church music is not tonal, like the current Western musical tradition, but is based on church compositions, or modes, which are closely related to the octoekhose of Byzantine tradition.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Both traditions have their roots in Ancient Greek music theory.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Gregorian church music lacks the same kind of strikes and regular emphasis on rhythm as in most later western art music.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The transport of the melody is free, which is suitable for the presentation of a text in which parts or verses are of different dimensions.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The pitch of the songs is also not prescribed, but are performed at a height appropriate to the respective performer's vocal range.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[5] Alongside ecclesiastical worship music in the Middle Ages, much other religious music was also composed which was approved by the church and sometimes performed during worship services as well.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

These forms of music included sequentia and liturgical drama, among others.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Composed by Hildegard Bingenian with eighty-two songs, the Ordo virtutum circa 1151 is the oldest surviving musical drama work that was not part of the Catholic tradition of worship.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[6] Other Western Church Music Traditions The most important of the local worship traditions that still influenced the Middle Ages was the Ambrosian church music born immediately after Rome in the most significant Italian city of Milan and named after the Bishop of Milan, the saint According to Ambrosius.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Ambrosian church music and rite have survived in and around Milan until our days, although efforts have been made over the centuries to eradicate it.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[7] Another key musical tradition that persisted for a long time despite efforts to unify church music and rite was Old Roman church music, dating back to the 7th century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In its melodies, it resembles Gregorian church music in many ways, but is more ornate.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[8] Development of Polyphony It is likely that polyphonic music was presented in Europe much earlier than the first written mentions of it have survived.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The simplest form of polyphony, the melody sung over the continuous permanent bottom note, or borduna sound, occurs in most European folk traditions and also in many Asian cultures, which would suggest that it may be inherited from antiquity.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[9] In Byzantine church music, the northern note in question is referred to as an Iison.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[10] The basic tune of church composers is often used as the North Seine.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Another simple form of polyphony, the parallel organum in which the second voice follows the melody at the end of a flat interval, was apparently also already an old tradition when it was first described in the 8th-century work Musica enchiriadis.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The mode of presentation was referred to in those manuscripts as organum.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

An organum sound ran alongside the original melody, or head-sound, usually in such a way that the distance between the sounds remained the same, normally as a quint.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Both sounds could also be recurred from an octave higher or lower to produce a richer timbre.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The habit formed to designate the actual voice carrying to the main melody as tenor (from the Latin word tenere, spur).


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[11] The organum described by Musica enchiriadis was not exactly a compositional technique but a way of decorating sung music by spontaneously adding sounds during a performance.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In his work Micrologus (circa 1025), Guido Arezzolainen already presented a more complex polyphonic theory that allowed different options for a second voice, which could be performed improvisatorically by a soloist singing with the choir.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The Organum sound could also be composed ready and written into sheet music with the melody.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The first sheet music manuscripts found, which also contain the organum when campfire, are from the early 10th century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Thus polyphony had evolved from a performance technique to a compositional technique.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[11] A new stylistic direction of organum, the free organum, in which the organum sound has become freer and more independent compared to the tenor voice, began to appear in the manuscripts of the late 12th century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In a free organum, the organum sound is usually located above the tenor, and the tenor and organum sounds may also sometimes overtake each other.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

As in the old organum style, however, intervals between sounds were always quarts, quints, or octaves considered pure intervals in the Middle Ages.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In the free organum, the organum was mainly performed by soloists who could improvise it against the tenor sung by the choir.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[11] The School of Notre Dame at the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century, the so-called School of Notre Dame emerged in France.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Its main representatives were the composers Perotinus (or Pérotin) and Leoninus (or Léonin), both of whom had studied music at the University of Paris and were based in Notre Dame Cathedral.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

A manuscript from 1275, written by an anonymous Englishman, says Léonin wrote the work Magnus liber organi, which included two-tone (duplum organum) compositions for all responsive parts of the worship services of the great celebrations of the church year.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Although the book itself has been lost, there are portions of it preserved in many manuscripts.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Later, Pérotin and other composers from the school edited and expanded the collection, making alternate parts and three-tone (triplum organum) or four-tone (quatrum organum) arrangements for various works.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[12] The composers of the school of Notre Dame were the first since antiquity to use sheet music writing, which presented not only the relative pitches of the notes, but also their lengths.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The presentation of rhythms was based on rhythmic modes, denoted by numbers 1—6.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The basic star unit, or tempus, was always broken down into three parts.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In principle, a work composed in the first rhythm mode consisted of repeating that rhythm pattern, but since the rhythm pattern repeated as similar would have been monotone, the rhythmic mode could be changed pace at a time.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In addition, in many works, different sounds used a different rhythm mode.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[12] The school of motet Notre Dame also developed a new polyphonic composition type, the motet, in which new words were added to an existing church song for one or more organum sounds.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The new words were initially Latin, but later vernacular texts were written for motets and the subjects may have been secular.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

From the mid-14th century onward, the motet had taken shape as the main form of polyphonic music.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[2] Motets on ecclesiastical subjects may have been performed in the church, but at least secular motets were intended as entertainment for the educated elite of their time: clergy, aristocrats and musicians.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Since in secular motets, the tenor's original words were no longer required to be performed, the voice could also be performed on instruments.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[2] The detachment of the tenor of church songs from the ecclesiastical connection and its transformation into the raw material for new compositions created new possibilities for compositions.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

A third and sometimes fourskin voice could be added to the compositions, for which their own texts could also be written (in which case the work was referred to as a double or triple motet).


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Soon the motets were also written from the ground up, for example in such a way that the tenor melody of the Notre Dame school work was treated in a new rhythm mode and entirely new accompanying sounds were composed around it.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Motets are now usually named with a composite name containing the first words of the texts of all the sounds, for example the triple motet De ma dame Vient/Dieus composed by Adam de la Halle, comment Porroie/Omnes (i.e. My woman comes/My God, how I can/All together).


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[2] Towards the end of the Middle Ages, by about 1250, motets were regularly three-voiced and contained two related texts in Latin or vernacular, and sometimes one of both.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Composers also began to use tunes other than the church music of the Notre Dame School as tenor.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Hieronymus de Moravia described this new practice with the word cantus firmus, which simply meant an existing melody used as the basis for polyphony.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[2] Ars nova The 14th century saw numerous upheavals in Europe after the relatively peaceful 13th century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Reasons for the economic downturn and instability included the temporary colding of the climate, the Black Death that took nearly a third of Europe's population, and several long-running wars, such as the Hundred Years' War between England and France.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The church was mired in crisis with the Avignon captivity of the popes and the Great Schism.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Social upheavals also affected the musical life of its time, prompting the emergence of new musical styles.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[13] The book Ars nova, apparently written by the composer, poet and finally Bishop of Meaux, Philippe de Vitry, gave its name to a new French style of music that lasted all the way to the early 15th century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The features characteristic of Ars nova arose from two new inventions related to the notation of rhythms: the lengths of notes began to be divided bifurcally (imperfectly) alongside the traditional triangular (perfect) division, and the other allowed until then the shortest length value ( semibreven) of the division into smaller units of time (minima).


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

With knowledge around the year 1340, Jehan des Murs introduced one more significant innovation related to note writing, mensural notation, a precursor to modern pace genre notation.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

These inventions allowed music to be composed in new beat genres and greater rhythmic flexibility in the works.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Phillippe de Vitry used these methods in the isorhythmic motets he composed.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[13] Ars nova also used more freely impure intervals, terses and sexts.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Although these intervals still came to be disassembled into pure quarts or quints, they may have lasted longer or their unraveling might be prolonged.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

However, octaves and parallel quints were still common, distinguishing this music from the Renaissance music of the following century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The most notable composer of the Ars nova style, besides Philippe de Vitry, was the Frenchman Guillaume de Machaut.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[13] Secular music Gregorian and other forms of church music were a church tradition practiced within the church and especially the monastic institution.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Literacy, and especially note literacy, were very rare outside the church, so secular music was hardly written down, and therefore not much is preserved.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Hero Poems From the surviving works, it can be concluded that unlike ecclesiastical music of the Middle Ages, whose texts were invariably Latin, secular music used vernacular languages such as French, German or Italian.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Of the vernacular lyric, there are the best preserved epics, that is, long hero poems.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In France, this genre was called chanson de geste, and the most famous surviving example of them is the song of Roland, which tells the story of Charlemagne's battle against the Moors in Spain.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Other well-known epics include the English Beowulf and the German Song of the Nibelung.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[14] Troubadours and Truveers Most of the vernacular songs that survived from the Middle Ages are of a lyrical tradition that emerged at court and supported by overlords.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

This trend began in the 12th century in the production of Southern French troubadours, whose language was Occitan, and Northern French truveers who appeared in Old French.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[15] The troubadours and truveers were composer-poets whose works were compiled into manuscripts called chansonniers, songbooks.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Until modern times, some 2600 troubadour poems have survived, of which about every tenth melody is known, and 2100 truveer poems, of which a melody is known in about two cases out of three.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The troubadour and truveer poetry was much influenced by Arabic poetry, which migrated to southern France through Moorish-conquered Spain.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

It has even been suggested that the root of the word troubadour would be in the Arabic word tarab, which means transferring joy.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[15] [16] The songs of troubadours and truveers dealt with many topics such as politics, moral issues and literature, but the clear majority were love topics.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The songs are usually chorus-oriented, and in dance music, the chorus was often performed by dancers.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The melody was repeated similar for each verse of the poem and usually has one note per syllable of the word.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Composers of secular music had often not received theoretical musical training, which is why music did not always fit into any of the church composers used in the Middle Ages.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

However, many follow church composers; the most commonly used church composers were the dooric and mixolydic.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[15] Late Middle Ages secular music in France was undertaken, under the influence of Ars Nova, to also compose secular music polyphonically.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

A new chanson style developed, in which text and melody were carried instead of tenor in the uppermost voice, or cantus, and supported in a slower tempo by a moving, often subtitled tenor voice.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

One or two other subtitled voices could also be added around these two voices: a countertenor for the same vocal range as the tenor or, less frequently, a fast-moving triplum for the upper voice.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In light of current research, it is likely that in the compositions of Guillaume de Machaut, for example, all voices were intended to be performed while singing, although many current performances use instruments to perform subtitled sounds.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The main types of works were virelai, ballade and rondeau, which differed most centrally in terms of the subject areas of the texts.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Ballads were the most serious in their text and dealt with reflective or historical subjects, rondeaut were love songs and virelais equated descriptions of nature with the feeling of love.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[13] In Italy, the French equivalent of the Ars Nova style was the trecento (or mille trecento, meaning 14th century) style direction.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Italian madrigals differed from the French music of the era in that in them the cantus and tenor sounds were more independent and often echoed each other's themes.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The most significant composer of the stylistic direction is considered Francesco Landini (circa 1325—1397), a monk blinded as a child who served as organist and later chaplain at the monastery of San Lorenzo, in the same church.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Landini was particularly famous as a skilled portable organ player.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Although Landini was active in the church circuit, predominantly secular music has survived from his compositions: ballatas and madrigals.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[17] Ars Subtilior Towards the end of the 14th century, composers began to develop the Ars nova style beyond.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The papal court in exile in Avignon also served as the most prominent patron of secular music, and there, as well as in other courts of southern France and northern Italy, developed the Ars Subtilior, a more subtle style.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

This music consisted mainly of love-themed polyphonic ballads, rondeaus and chansons.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Intended for the aristocracy of its time, the music occupied all the melodic, rhythmic, contrapunctic, and possibilities of music notation of its time.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The notes of the works were also made very decorative and aimed at specialties such as performing a love song with a heart-shaped note.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Many works of the stylistic direction are so complex in rhythm that no similar ones were composed until the 20th century.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[18] Medieval instruments Although especially medieval ecclesiastical music was mainly vowel music, songs were probably accompanied by a wide variety of instruments.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The vielle was the most common string instrument used in the Middle Ages and a precursor to the current violin.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Viellet were different in shape and size, but generally had five strings tuned to a quart or quint away from each other.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[19] The ancestor of the harpsichord and piano, in turn, was the psalter, which consisted of strings attached to a wooden rack and played by keying strings.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The common wind instrument was, among other things, a cross flute made of wood and lacking the flaps of the current cross-flute.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

The medieval trumpet was straight and lacked valves, so only a harmonic set could be played on it.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[19] From the 12th century onwards the organ began to become common in monastic churches, and by the 14th century they were already present in large cathedrals.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

In addition to the large church trunks, small portatum organ (lat.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

portatum borne) and slightly larger positum organ (lat.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

positum put in place), which were movable but placed on a table for playing and required an assistant to pump air through the organ.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

[20] See also List of medieval composers History of Western music Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Grout, Donald Jay etc.| title = A history of Western music| location = New York| publisher = W.W.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Norton & Company| year = 2005| version=7th edition| id = ISBN 0-393-97991-1| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

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Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jeanson, Gunnar & Rabe, Julius| title = Music through the ages.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

1, Greek antiquity to rococococh| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1977| version = (Musiken genom tiderna, 1966.)


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Translated by Tuula Kotilainen and Hannele Branch.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

2nd edition (1st edition 1970) | id = ISBN 951-1-04199-1}} On the topic elsewhere.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was Notre Dame School Board founded?

Medieval music

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Ruovesi [1] [2] is a lake located in Ruovesi and Mäntä-Vilppula in Pirkanmaa.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] [1] Ruovesi is located in the Kokemäenjoki river basin (river area number 35) in the Ruovesi Region (35.3) of the Näsijärven—Ruovesi Region (35.3), of which the lake belongs to the neighbourhood of Ruovesi (35.331) and the Paloselä Region (35.332).


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The water level elevation of the lake is 96.1 meters mpy.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[1] [3] [4] Ruovesi is the 63rd largest lake in Finland.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

If you interpret the lake basins of Ruovesi, Vaskivesi—Visuvesi, Palovesi—Jäminginselä and Tarjannevesi as one large Iso-Offerannevesi, it gives an area of 210 square kilometres.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Iso-Tarjannevesi would be the 18th largest lake in Finland in that area.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[3] Geography Lake parts Ruovesi is a lake broken by headlands, islands and bays, whose lake parts bear many names in the mouth of the people.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The lake is thought of as a two-part lake, the western part of which is called Ruovede and the eastern part is called Paloselä.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Also administratively Ruovesi is divided from Hanhonvuolte into two dividing areas using these names.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

This division is also used in this article.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] Ruovesi as a whole is 23 kilometres long and 13 kilometres wide [1].


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The lake covers an area of 6616 hectares or 66.2 square kilometres, which is divided between Ruovesi and Paloselä by 62% and 38% respectively.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The total length of its shoreline including the islands is 321 kilometers.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

There are a total of 242 islands.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The lengths of the shoreline and the number of islands are spread over both parts of the lake almost equally.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

In contrast, the common volume of the lake reservoirs is 446 million cubic metres, or 0.44636 cubic kilometers.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

It belongs to Ruovesi's lake part 82% and Paloselä only 18%, as the average depth of Ruovesi is only one third of Paloselä's average depth.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] Paloselkä Paloselkä (lake number is 35.332.1.001) has an area of 2482 hectares or 24.8 square kilometres.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

It is 14 kilometres long and 7.1 miles wide.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

East of Hanhonvuolte opens Majaselkä and immediately after Paloselkä, which are the largest lake beds in the lake part.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Hongonniemi is a 3.5 kilometer long cape where Paloselkä ends.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

To the southeast of Paloselä, the shores of Hongonniemi are followed south by the Gulf of Perch, which as a narrow-mouthed bay forms its own lake district.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

East of Hongonniemi, the lake part of Paloselä continues as Hongonbacks, Aittoselkää and Soilunvuoltee.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The part of the lake narrows to a strait-like lake section, at the end of which is finally located the Huutosback.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Here in Vilppula, Kuorevesi falls through Kirkkoalmi in Paloselkki.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Separate from Soilunvuolte to the southeast is Sulusselkä, or Pynnösselkä, which is an enlargement of a narrow-mouthed bay.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] [5] Fireback has been calculated to have 128 islands.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

They have a combined area of 260 hectares, which is about 9.5% of the area of the lake part.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Eighteen of the islands are over an acre, 94 are over aria and the remaining 16 are less than the size of an ar.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Among these are the following significant islands, whose declared area has been measured on the map: Sotkansari (52 ha [4]), Lehtisaari (61 ha), Kasilsaari (80 ha) and Iso Poukansaari (30 ha).


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] [1] The lake has been created and depth maps have been published.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The volume of the lake is 81 million cubic meters, or 0.081 cubic kilometers.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

It has an average depth of 3.3 meters and a maximum depth of 22.2 meters.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The length of the shoreline of the lake is 144 kilometres, of which the total length of the islands' shoreline is 47 km.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] [1] [6] Ruovesi Ruovesi (lake number is 35.331.1.001) has an area of 4135 hectares or 41.4 square kilometres.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

It is 14 miles long and 11 miles wide.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Ruovesi has a clearer structure than Paloseloki.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Its southernmost lake back is Tableselkä, which begins in Katu, where the lake descends through Kautunvuolteen to Palovesi Ruhalanselkä.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The eastern part of the Fire Back is called the Missedge, with the eastern portions branching off into four bays.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Of the bays, Tallusselkä and Enonlahti are the largest.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

On the west bank of the table back lies the central drive of Ruovesi, next to which the Pappilanlahti stands out.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The lake narrows in the north and crams past Karkausniemi to Mustaselä.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Its northern shores belong to Salon Island, from both sides of which the supply water drops to the south.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

On the west side of Salonsaari, Syvinkisalmi is located and on the east side Salonsalmi, from where Tarjante waters flow.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

East of Mustaselä opens immediately without a clear border Sotkanselkä, which is a rather insular part of the lake.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Today, Koljonsaari, east of Sotansaari, is a cape with Ruokoselkä remaining on the north side of the bay.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

On the south side of Koljonsaari, on the other hand, you can still reach Hanhonvuoltee, where the Lake part of Paloselä begins.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] [1] The lake part of Ruovesi has been calculated to have 114 islands.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

They have a combined area of 173 hectares, which is approximately 4.0% of the total area of the lake part.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Sixteen of the islands are over hectares, 93 are over aria and the remaining 5 are less than the size of an ar.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Of these islands lie off Ruovesi Haapasaari (9 hectares), Siltasaari (24 ha), Ulonsaari (16 ha) and Kuurinsaari (6 ha).


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The surface areas of these have been measured from the map.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] [1] The lake part of Ruovesi has been created and depth maps have been published.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The volume of the lake is 365 million cubic meters, or 0.365 cubic kilometers.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Its average depth is 8.8 meters, and the maximum depth is 46.6 meters. The length of the shoreline of the lake is 177 kilometers, of which the total length of the shoreline of the islands is 37 kilometers.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[2] [1] [7] Settlement on opposite shores of the lake lies two larger population centers.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Ruovesi church village is located on the west bank of Tableselä, south of Pappilanlahti.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

West of Paloselän Huutoselä lies Vilppula, a twin town of Mänttä.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The settlement around the lake is mainly sparsely populated, although a few villages or corner municipalities are located off the shore.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

For example, Pynnöskylä and Pyöysniemi on the Mäntä-Vilppula side, Tuurakylä and Tammikoski on both sides of the municipal border, and Hanho, Rantakylä, Tuuhoskylä, Korpula, Pappilankulma, Kauttu and Ruhala Ruovesi on the municipal side.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[1] Water levels and flows The water level of the lake has been recorded in the registers of the Finnish Environment Agency from 1883 to 1992.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The average height of the water becomes 96.09 m mpy (N60) and the average annual fluctuation of the water level is 1.02 meters.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The highest elevation of the lake's water level has been 98.37 meters (N60), measured in June 1899, and the lowest elevation of 95.31 meters, which was measured in March 1942.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

According to the register, the maximum extremist variation has been 3.06 metres.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The central flow (MQ) of the lake has been calculated using catchment area and rainfall data to be approximately 53 cubic metres per second.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[4] Water relations The lake is located at the junction of the waterways, as the Tarjannevesi (35.41, 5487 ha) flows from the north to it, through which the waters of a catchment area of 5769 square kilometres flow, and from the east to it descends through Kuorwater (2380 ha) the 2028 sq km route to Keuruu (35.61) waters of the catchment area.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

They descend from Kotaselä through Vilppulankoski and Kirkkoalmi to the Huutosselä.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The waters of the Eläntee catchment area (35.37) and Ajosjärvi basin (35.335) from the north, the waters of the Salojärvi catchment area (35.337) and the Tuhrusoja catchment area (35.338) from the south.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The waters of the Ruojärvi catchment area (35.334) and the Mato ditch catchment (35.333) fall on the western shore of Ruovesi, and finally the waters of the Enonjoki catchment area (35.339) on the eastern shore.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[3] In the neighbouring area of Ruovesi (35.331) there are less than 10 lakes or ponds over hectares which fall directly into the lake.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The most notable of these are Upper Talluslammi (5 ha) and Alainen Talluslammi (17 ha), which descend to Tallusselä, Rynkäjärvi (2 ha) and Vääjärvi (3 ha), which fall in Enonlahti to Kotalahti, Elk Lake (6 ha) and Tervalmi, which descend to Misselkki, and Corpulanpond (3 ha), which descends to the Gulf of Korpula.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

Iso Kiimajärvi (5 ha) falls on the western shore of Ruovesi.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

More than 13 lakes or ponds are located in the immediate area of Paloselä.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The most notable of them are Iso Pirttijärvi (19 ha) and Vähä Pirttijärvi (7 ha), which have a common drop ditch, Ahvenlammi (5 ha), which descends to Ahveslahti, and still Kivistö (2 ha), Pitkonlammi (2 ha) and Päijänteenlammi (2 ha), which fall to Huutoselkki and Kirkkooselä Mee.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

The northern shore of Paloselä falls directly to Vähä Kangasjärvi (14 ha), which also descends to Kirkkoalme, Kasilanjärvi (45 ha), Särkilammi (4 ha), Liinolammi (1 ha), Mertoslammi (3 ha) and Masonlammi (4 ha), which counts Paloselä in Pillusselä, Koivujärvi (25 ha), which counts A fire-back.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[1] [3] [4] Ruovesi falls south to Palovesi in Jäminkiselki (4272 ha) through Kautunvuolte and partly through the Kautu Canal.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

A height difference of only 10 centimeters is indicated on maps between the elevations of water levels in the lakes.


Question: How wide is Ruovesi?

Ruovesi (lake)

[1] [3] See also List of 100 largest lakes in Finland Sources Category:Ruovesi Region Category:Lakes of Ruovesi Category:Lakes of Mäntä-Vilppula


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (; usually V.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

I. Lenin), from the original name Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, () (22 April (J: 10 April) 1870 Simbirsk — 21 January 1924, Gorky) was a Russian revolutionary, leader of the Bolshevik Party and founder of Leninist ideology.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The name Lenin was originally one of Vladimir Ulyanov's revolutionary pseudonyms, [1] which according to one explanation is a variant of the Siberian Lena River.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[2] Early years Lenin's father Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov (1831—1886) was a Russian civil servant.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

From his world of thought, he was a libertarian and served as his goal the promotion of democracy in Russia and, for example, free universal education.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The genus was originally called Ulyanin and in background according to some sources Mordovian [3] [4], some sources claim Chuvassi [5].


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin's mother, Maria Aleksandrovna Blank (1835—1916), was also known as a libertarian.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Through the mother, in Lenin's ancestry, German blood heritage can be found on the maternal side of the mother, the mother father, in turn, was Alexander Blank, a Jew who converted to Christianity.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In addition, Lenin is said to have had a Kalmuk or Kyrgyz pedigree on his paternal side and his mother's maternal mother was of Swedish ancestry that migrated to Peter.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[5] [4] Lenin's father died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1886 when Lenin was only sixteen years old.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin was baptized into the Russian Orthodox Church.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

At the age of 16, however, he converted to atheist after becoming acquainted with 18th-century Enlightenment philosophy.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin's interest in Enlightenment information theory was evident in his later works.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[6] Studies and Political Awakening In May 1887, Lenin's eldest brother, Aleksandr, who was involved in the narodnik movement, was hanged for taking part in an assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander III.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

This caused Lenin to become radicalised, and after taking part in student protests, he was arrested and expelled still that same year from Kazan University.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin continued to study independently, learning five foreign languages, Latin, Greek, German, French and English, among others.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[7] In 1891 he obtained the right to act as a lawyer.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin, however, did not stay on for a career in law, but joined revolutionary activities and ran Marxist study clubs, concentrating their activities in Saint Petersburg for the most part.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

As a result of his revolutionary activities, he was arrested on 7 December 1895 and held in detention by the authorities for a year.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

He was then deported for three years to Siberia to the village of Šušensko in Yeniseisk Governorate.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

There, the deportees were allowed quite peacefully to continue their literary works and enter into cooperative relations with each other.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[8] Šušenskoje was also exiled by Finnish revolutionary Oskar Engberg, with whom Lenin became friends.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In the deportation period of July 10 of 1898, Lenin married socialist activist Nadežda Krupskaya.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[9] In 1899 he published a work on The Development of Capitalism in Russia.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The book was published under the pseudonym Vladimir Iljin.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The work dealt comprehensively with the national economy of the Empire, largely drawing on the views of Georgi Plekhanov, the founder of Russian Marxism.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[10] In 1900, Lenin's deportation sentence ended.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

He traveled in Russia and then travelled to Zurich, Switzerland, where he met Georgi Plekhanov.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

With this and Aleksandr Potresov, he planned to establish the magazine Iskra.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

After founding the magazine, Lenin travelled to Nuremberg, Germany, to negotiate with his friends belonging to the Social Democratic Party of Germany.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The following autumn he spent in Munich editing the magazine Iskra, the first editions of which were small, amounting to a few hundred copies.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Iskra magazines were smuggled across the German, Austrian and Turkish borders into Russia.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[11] [12] Lenin's wife Nadežda Krupskaya arrived in Munich on 1 April 1901 and Nadežda's mother Yelizaveta Vasilyevna in May 1901.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Nadežda took care of Iskra's correspondence and Yelizaveta Vasilyevna assisted in writing letters in secret language.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[13] Lenin moved the 1902 editorial staff of Iskra magazine from Munich to London after noticing their actions were being monitored by the Bavarian police.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[14] In the autumn of 1902, Lev Trotski, who fled Siberia, met Lenin in London and Lenin suggested him to be a member of the editorial board of the magazine “Iskra”, following Georgi Plekhanov's objection to this.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[15] Juli Martov, a member of the editorial board of Iskra magazine, proposed at the Second Assembly to move the editorial staff of the magazine to Geneva in Switzerland due to Georgi Plekhanov.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin voted against this proposal, with all the other members supporting it.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In April 1903, the editorial staff of Iskra magazine moved to Geneva.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The genesis of the Bolshevik Party, Lenin rose to an influential position within the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Between 1901 and 1902, Lenin wrote a book entitled What Must Be Done, which dealt with a pure-docile Marxist view of the party's organisational problems.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

This book he wrote under the pseudonym N. Lenin, by which he was known ever since.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The book received a highly mixed reception in Marxist circles.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The book became a political classic of the 20th century and has been said to have led to the controversy that allowed the Communist Party to emerge.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[16] [17] The organizing committee of the Assembly, established in March 1902, decided, with Lenin as one to decide which groups in Europe and Russia were allowed to participate in the second Belgian assembly of the party in Brussels.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin had arranged for Iskra delegates to the Assembly a majority.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[18] The assembly was begun on 17 July 1903, but due to inconvenience caused by the Belgian police, the meeting was moved to England, London, where the meeting was held at the Church of the Brotherhood on 30 July 1902 and continued still at the English Club in Charlotte Street.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The meeting dealt with the party's programme, the agra issue, and party rules.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The debates over the leadership of the party ended with the victory of Lenin and Plekhanov's vision, causing representatives of the Bund and other factions to march out of the meeting.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin referred to his victorious group as the Majority, or Bolsheviks, and the losing Juli Martov group as the Minorities, or Mensheviks.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[19] At this meeting, the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia was established, Gleb Krzizanovski, F.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

V. Lengnik and V.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

A. Noskov.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The editorial council of Iskra magazine now had only Juli Martov, Lenin and Georgi Plekhanov instead of the former seven members.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

At the Assembly of the Foreign Union of Russian Socialists held in Geneva in October 1903, after Juli Mortov attacked Lenin, Georgi Plekhanov sided with Juli Mortov and the Mensheviks.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Axelrod and Martov accused Lenin of seeking to make the party a force of generals without an army.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[20] The Bolsheviks now became a minority, Lenin resigned from Iskra and the party council.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[21] Lenin founded Vperyod magazine (Forward) together with Anatoly Lunatsarsky and Bogdanov.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

On December 22, 1904, the magazine began its appearance.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[22] In 1903, Lenin headed the Bolshevik section following its separation from the Mensheviks.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[23] This division was largely due to Lenin's pamphlet What is to be done?.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The party should be limited exclusively to professional revolutionaries, Lenin wanted the other working people and sympathetic idealists out of the party.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The party should also be made tightly centralist in order to be capable of revolution.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[24] [25] Lenin had noticed that the workers themselves did not have the common will demanded by the revolution, because under capitalism their conditions had improved slightly.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin admitted this was not due to capitalism but to the colonies (imperialism) and said the improvement in conditions was a form of bribery of workers.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Later, Lenin was also persuaded by Lev Trotsky that instead of working people, the repeal would only succeed from the professional revolutionaries, resulting in Trotsky, who remained with the Mensheviks, eventually switched sides.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[26] The Mensheviks operated more by the law of Western European parties, while the Bolsheviks were a fighting organization that sought to overthrow the Tsarist power through terror, among other things.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The most prominent leaders of the Mensheviks were Juli Martov, Georgi Plekhanov and Vera Zasulich.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Bolsheviks were later joined by many of the former Mensheviks including Lev Trotski, whose skills contributed to the success of the October Revolution, and Aleksandra Kollontai.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[27] The Mensheviks kept party membership open and also cooperated with other parties and its members later even ended up in another interim government headed by Aleksandr Kerensky.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[28] Lenin was in Genve from late 1904 to early 1905.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[29] Russia had started a war against Japan in 1904 and the war had turned to a loss at the end of the year.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Eserrie had been murdered by Home Secretary V.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

K. Plehwen in the summer of 1904.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[30] On 9 January 1905, St. Petersburg workers marched under priest Georgi Gapon to take a supplication to the Winter Palace to Emperor Nicholas II to convene the Legislative Assembly.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Among other things, the petition envisaged bringing about the Progressive Income Tax and Labor Protection Act legislation and ending the Russo-Japanese War.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In front of the marchers marched Orthodox Church priest Georgi Gapon.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Upon reaching near the Winter Palace, they were instructed to disperse, but continued their march, and soldiers opened fire, killing dozens of people.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Every part of Russia began to strike and riots arose.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[31] The Bolshevik Central Committee convened the Third Assembly in 1905.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Mensheviks; Plekhanov, Yuri Martov and other Iskrans who did not agree to attend the London meeting met in Geneva.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The London meeting was attended by Bolsheviks and a few Menshevik delegates.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The meeting was initiated on 12 April 1905 in a secret chamber, the place of which is unknown, with Lenin expressing strident opinions during the meetings, leading the Mensheviks to say Lenin had betrayed Marxism.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin insisted that the party should take advantage of the revolutionary situation that has arisen and the party must therefore change its policies.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[32] Lenin travelled with Nadežda Krupskaya from Geneva via Germany to Stockholm, from where they travelled by steamship to Helsinki, arriving by train in Saint Petersburg on 8 November 1905.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

During his time in St. Petersburg, Lenin wrote newspaper articles and maintained contacts with his fellow party members, visiting to speak at party events and people's assemblies.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin, among other things, urged Bolshevik departments to take active action.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[33] In December 1905, the Social Democratic Labour Party held a party conference in Tampere, where Lenin and Stalin met each other for the first time.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

After the Russian Revolution of 1905 in December in Moscow, an armed coup attempt by the Bolsheviks failed and Lenin was forced to go into exile in Finland for security reasons in 1907.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin lived several times in Finland thereafter and travelled in Europe, attending various socialist meetings and other activities.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[34] Lenin began collaborating with the Mensheviks.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Menševiks opposed many of Lenin's views, but Lenin supported their proposal to participate in the electoral campaign in the Caucasus.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The party's central committee now included seven Mensheviks and three Bolsheviks, but Lenin was not among them.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Bolshevik group established a secret Bolshevik centre, of which Lenin, Bogdanov and Leonid Krasinin were elected as members.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[35] On the Finnish side of Kuokkala, the Bolshevik group established their base in the large two-storey Villa Vasa villa, where Lenin and a few other Bolsheviks worked for 15 months.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

From Kuokkala, Lenin traveled to important meetings held in Finland and London, as well as in Stuttgart, Russia Lenin no longer travelled until 1917.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[36] [37] Lenin had achieved his political goals for the Mensheviks and ceased cooperation in 1907.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[38] From Kuokkala, Lenin and other Bolsheviks were forced to leave in June 1907, a new Bolshevik center was established in Paris.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[39] February Revolution The humiliations and shortages of the First World War brought the tsarist power to the bottom of its popularity.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Yet as recently as January 1917, Lenin estimated that the tsar power would not be overthrown in his lifetime.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[40] [41] In the February Revolution of 1917, the Duma took power in its hands and installed a provisional government.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

It was led by Prince Georgi Lvov of the Liberal Democratic Cadet Party and nine other ministers of the Cadet Party due to the liberal majority in the Duma.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[42] Since the Petrograd Council was already as significant, or more significant, a centre of power than the government, the Council's second-in-command, Aleksandr Kerenski of the Socialist Revolutionaries, was included in the government as the sole socialist.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Provisional Government gave human rights to the people, abolished censorship and the death penalty, and released political prisoners but did not bend to German peace terms, where all parties, down to socialist ones, supported it.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

However, the people were still extremely dissatisfied with the continuing war, which over the months took away the government's favour.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[43] Back to Russia 1917, the German government saw its opportunity and sent Lenin through Finland to Russia to make a revolution so that the country would break away from the war.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

With permission from the German government, Lenin was able to travel from Switzerland in a “sealed train” through Germany to Sweden and from there on to Finland.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[44] Despite “sealing” in July, SR's Kerenski, who received the Prime Minister's seat from the Liberals, later claimed Lenin as an agent for the Germans.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[45] [46] On 16 April 1917, Lenin arrived in Saint Petersburg (at that time Petrograd) at the Finnish Station and took command of the Bolshevik movement, berating the Pravda journalists Lev Kamenev and Josif Stalin, who supported the Provisional Government.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin sided with the April Theses to support Soviet rule, although the Bolsheviks did not yet have significant power in the councils.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[47] October Revolution The Bolsheviks already attempted a coup d'état under Trotsky's plans in July, but the attempt failed.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

At that time, rumours circulated within the machine-gun company supporting the Bolsheviks that the unit would be moved to the front against Germany.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The regimental assembly urged the soldiers to revolt and the Matruses moved on to ships and set out to take control of Petersburg.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The force headed for the Bolshevik headquarters at Krzezińska Palace, where Lenin was required to take the leadership.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

On the way to the Tauria Palace to demand the Council take control, Viktor Chernov, the leader of the SR, was met, who was being taken to be shot, but Trotsky had him rescued.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Eventually, troops from the front laid siege to Krzezińska Palace and the Provisional Government ordered the Bolshevik leaders Lenin, Trotsky, Zinovyev, Kamenev and Lunazharski arrested.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[48] The Liberals soon withdrew from the government and it remained to the Socialists with Kerensky in charge.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

With the failure of the invasion planned by Kerenski and the loss of one hundred thousand men by the army, the position of the Provisional Government was further weakened.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Kerenski feared that accusations against the Bolsheviks would strengthen the right, and the Bolshevik newspapers were allowed to continue appearing, and the Red Guards were not disarmed.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[49] Commander-in-Chief Lavr Kornilov demanded full powers to restore order and prevent a Bolshevik capture and sent Krymov's cavalry army corps to Saint Petersburg.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The provisional government interpreted this as a rebellion and Kerenski asked for help from “all democratic forces”, including the Bolsheviks.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Bolsheviks were allowed to arm their Red Guards and the matruses of the armoured canister cruiser Aurora were called in to defend the Winter Palace.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

After the Kornilov rebellion, Bolsheviks began to be released from prisons and the leaders returned, except for Lenin, who was hiding in Finland.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[50] In September, Lenin sent letters announcing that the moment of the uprising had come.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The provisional government experienced its last defeats as the Germans occupied the Baltic islands, and Kronstadt and Peter were preparing for the attack and the evacuation of the city was being prepared.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The palaces of the Grand Dukes began to be looted and rebellion was already widely spoken of.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Trotsky was named president of the St. Petersburg Council.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

An armed clash ensued between the garrison and the government as the government sought to move the unreliable troops to the front.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[51] The Bolsheviks started a revolt under Trotsky's leadership.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Its centre was the former Institute of Noble Maidens in Smolna.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The hijacking proceeded discreetly, encountering no resistance whatsoever.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The force of perpetrators was quite small, among them some thousands of garrison soldiers and some hundreds of Bolsheviks, but the Kerensky government had become so weak that opposition was nonexistent and the subversion actually bloodless.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Overnight, Lenin convened a central committee to form a government.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Ministers were appointed People's Commissars on the model of the Great French Revolution.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin proposed Trotsky as chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but this was refused, among other things, because of his Jewishness and Lenin took the position.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

For Trotsky came foreign affairs.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[52] On the same evening, the Second Pan-Russian Assembly of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils began in the Smolna Ballroom.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Trotsky declared the Provisional Government had ceased to exist and the Lenin Workers' and Peasants' Revolution had won.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In the meantime, the provisional government was still sitting in the Winter Palace, from where Kerenski fled to the front in search of reinforcements.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The defenders of the Winter Palace quietly went away, and at last a single shot was fired from the Aurora cannon and the Winter Palace was overrun and the ministers were hurtled into the Peter — Paul Fortress.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[45] [53] With the leadership of Soviet-Russia, the Bolshevik Party blessed the land distributions made by many village communities already in the summer of 1917, but in a couple of months it stripped power from the councils, trade unions, socialist parties, block committees and others, which had independently fought against the old power.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In December, extensive strikes against the Bolsheviks ensued.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin set up the secret police of the Czech Republic on 20 December 1917 to pursue “opponents of the revolution”.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[54] On November 8, 1917, Lenin was elected Speaker of the Council of People's Commissars, or leader of Soviet-Russia.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin wanted to make immediate peace with the Germans, while many other Bolsheviks judged the war to lead to revolution in Germany too, and Lenin did not win approval for Germany's strict peace terms until Germany took over the Baltics and drew closer to Saint Petersburg.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918, Soviet-Russia gave up the Baltic states, its territories in Poland, Ukraine and Finland.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[55] [56] Lenin bans other parties in the elections to the Constituent National Assembly held on 25 November 1917, the Bolsheviks received only 25% of the vote.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Socialist-Revolutionary Party (SR) emerged as the largest party, receiving about 40% of the vote.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

However, the left wing of the SR party, or Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, were allied with the Bolsheviks and Lenin sent the Matruses who supported the Bolsheviks to close the Constituent Assembly on 19 January 1918.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[57] Instead of a Constitutional Assembly, the Bolsheviks declared their government accountable to the councils (“sovjet”), in whose assembly Bolsheviks and Left-SRs gained a majority of over 90%.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Bolsheviks formed a government together with the Left-SRs who supported them, but subsequently dissatisfied with the Peace Treaty (3 March 1918), the Left-SR:S began to oppose the Bolsheviks.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[58] In an effort by all non-Bolshevik groups (socialist and non-socialist) to counter Bolshevik power aspirations, Lenin imprisoned or shot their members as well as disbanded organizations.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In July, the Left-SR:S Jakov Bljumkin assassinated the German envoy, Count von Mirbach, with the intention of restarting the war against Germany.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

On the same occasion, the party staged a revolt in Moscow, where the government had relocated.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

On 30 August, the SRs assassinated Bolshevik leaders Moisei Uritsky and V.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Volodarsky.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[59] An assassination attempt on August 30, 1918, Lenin was shot three times by socialist revolutionary Faina Kaplan; this wounded but healed.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The incident may still have contributed to the subsequent deterioration of Lenin's health.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[60] Kaplan, who belonged to the Left-SRs, had served life imprisonment 1906—1917 for the attempted assassination of a Tsarist official.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

He was a supporter of the Constitutional Assembly and regarded Lenin as a traitor to the revolution.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

It is estimated that Kaplan acted on his own initiative.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[61] Even under interrogation by the Czech Republic, Kaplan refused to reveal his accomplices, so he was shot on 3 September 1918.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

On the same day, in the Izvestiya magazine, the Bolsheviks demanded to “crush the hydra of the counter-revolution with massive terror”, and on September 5, the Czech Republic, led by Polish Feliks Dzerzhinsky, issued an order for “red terror.” In the following months, 800 SR and other opponents of the trial were also executed.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Over time the numbers only went up, even the official figures spoke of thousands, some estimates of 200,000 victims.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Socialist-Revolutionary Party was banned.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The Mensheviks were allowed to resume operations in November after pledging to remain loyally in the opposition.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[62] Civil War The Russian Civil War broke out in a way in May—June 1918, six months after the revolution, initially in cities along the Volga between the councils supporting the Bolsheviks and the Czechoslovak Legion assembled from Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The fighting encouraged the SR opposition to set up a committee in Samara for the Saving of the Constitutional Assembly (Комуч).


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

This prompted the Bolsheviks to expel the SRs and Mensheviks from local councils.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In turn, the Cadet Party convened in July 1918 in Omsk, establishing the Siberian Provisional Government.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

These parties even allied themselves in Ufa in September, but Admiral Kolchak declared himself supreme leader and expelled the Socialists.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[63] In actual terms, the Civil War is considered to have broken out in March 1919.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

White armies consisting of mixed groups (including those supporting the Tsarist power, Cossacks) fought against the Red Army, supported by Western powers.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The White Guard initially achieved significant success, but by early 1920 the Red Army had virtually defeated the Whites and the war was largely over, though with Pyotr Wrangel's forces in Crimea the Red Army could not reach the end of the year.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The 1919 victories in the civil war had prompted the Red Army to attack Poland, which had conquered Ukraine, with the intention of reaching as far as Germany.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Former Emperor Nicholas II was executed and his family in July 1918 in Yekaterinburg with Lenin certainly aware of the order.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[64] Lenin claimed capitalism was linked to imperialism and in 1917 declared unlimited sovereignty for all peoples and minorities.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

However, when after the civil war he had the strength to limit it, he also did so and conquered the independents of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[65] The radical transition to socialism, the Tsarist reign of terror had formally executed 3932 people between 1825 and 1917 through legal trials in which “defence lawyers had at least the same amount of speaking power as the prosecutors”.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Under Lenin, the Bolsheviks exceeded this number in four months (by March 1918).


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[66] However, it should be noted that most of the people killed by the Tsars never came to official knowledge.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[65] The Bolsheviks violently attacked the opposition, and Lenin did not prevent the execution of numerous executions.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[67] After the February Revolution, the Liberal Provisional Government had abolished capital punishment, released political prisoners and declared freedoms of speech, printing and assembly.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

However, these freedoms were of no use to the people in the squalid conditions created by prolonged war and famine.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

After the revolution, Lenin saw no reason to restore these rights, as it could have harmed the young communist regime.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

He is reported to have intended to restore these rights at a later date when conditions have leveled and socialism materialised at will.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[68] Russia, under the leadership of the tsar, had fought a war in which more than a million Russians had fallen in the preceding three years.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Most of those killed were forced recruited rowmen, used in World War I battles mainly as cannon fodder.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Civilian losses caused directly and indirectly by the war, which have not been reliably statised, were also not negligible.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Despite its liberal domestic political line, the Provisional Government sought to continue this same war effort during 1917.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The final nail in this coffin was the miserably unsuccessful summer of 1917 and the lives of up to 400,000 Russians claimed by the invasion of Kerensk, as a result of which the Russian army practically collapsed.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Opposing the war was Lenin's main goals, and he wanted to end it as soon as possible.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[69] Lenin was very harsh on his opponents.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Even in his speeches before the revolution, he had vowed to destroy the bourgeoisie class altogether.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

For this reason, he meticulously intervened in countless details of persecutions, as evidence of which his numerous letters have survived.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

For example, in his letter on August 10, 1918, Lenin wrote: In support of this, Lenin commanded to exclude “kulaks” (peasants), priests and burghers into concentration camps on the basis of social class or profession, regardless of their actions.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[70] An instruction from the Czech Republic of 1 November 1918 read: Lenin wrote in 1917: Discontent leads to revolts Soviet-Russian leadership began a radical transition to socialism on 13 May 1918 by forming huge command municipalities to confiscate the extras of the peasants foods.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Members of the commanding municipalities received a portion for themselves as a reward, plus money.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Thus, incentives were taken away from the peasants.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

This did not prove to be a good solution, as food production collapsed and food shortages worsened further.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[71] There was no satisfaction among the people with the way socialism was implemented.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Shortage, economic collapse and hunger prompted countless revolts of peasants, sailors and even laborers across the country, occasionally with hay pitchforks and spears against cannons and machine guns.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[72] The uprisings were suppressed by, among other things, shooting protesters, declaring lockouts against striking workers and arresting them and opposition activists, bombing and burning villages, using chemical weapons and hanging suspects, and closing dozens thousands of rebel family members held hostage to concentration camps (mainly women, children and the elderly).


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[73] Lenin himself said the mistreatment of the innocent bothered him, but did not interfere in these matters.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

For him was the most important goal and he gave orders separately to destroy opposition demonstrations.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

For example, about the most famous of the peasants, namely the Tambov Revolt (where there had been calls for the abolition of confiscations and the Czech Republic, free elections and freedom of trade), Lenin wrote to the Czech Republic: This movement must be crushed as soon as possible and in such a way as to make an example as possible clear.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[74] These participants in the rebellion were clearly harmful to the construction of socialism and representatives of the opposition.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

An army of over 30,000 men led by General Mikhail Tuhachevsky took two years (1919—21) to destroy the resistance despite superior armament and brutal grip.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The concentration camps of the Tambov rebellion held 50,000 “hostages” et al and the death rate was 15— 20% per month.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Although the Tambov Rebellion had also arisen spontaneously, unlike other uprisings it was orchestrated as systematic by SR's former active Aleksandr Antonov.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[75] Famine The radical transition to socialism scuppered the country's economy, and in 1921 the Great Famine arose.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Despite food shipments from Western countries, at least five million people perished from starvation in 1921—22.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In the earlier famine of 1891, Lenin himself had lived in the famine zone but resisted giving food aid.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

His friend A. Beljakov recalled in his book “The Youth of the Road Setter”: [76] In a letter to Politburo members on 19 March 1922, he explained, in his characteristic cynical way, how famine could be exploited New Economic Policy (NEP) Socialism did not materialized in Russia nearly as easily as Lenin had perhaps imagined.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[77] The peasants did not want to give their cereals for the benefit of the whole people, because food was short anyway.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The laborers, on the other hand, did not want to work for small or entirely missing wages.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

You couldn't build a socialist society without funds.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Because of this, Lenin launched a new economic policy, the NEP, in which he restored partial private ownership in the hope that the land would prosper and then be able to transition to a socialist model of society.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Factories were returned to private possession and peasants were guaranteed the right of ownership and sale to their own products.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[57] In 1928, the Soviet economy reached pre-World War I levels, but at that time, Stalin disbanded the NEP despite opposition from a minority of the party.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

It is alleged that Lenin had intended the NEP to be longer term.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Admittedly, it was already put forward in 1920 by Lev Trotski (who later advocated for its abolition), but at that time the motion was rejected.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In his books, however, Lenin has implied that NEP was meant to be short-lived.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[78] Death of Lenin In May 1922 Lenin had his first heart attack, after a December seizure he left active politics.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In May 1923, Lenin, on the advice of a doctor, moved to a villa in Gorky near Moscow.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In the Kremlin, he visited only a few times before his death in January 1924.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The cause of death was apparently a hardening of the cerebral vessels, atherosclerosis, and a part of the cause was a Kaplan bullet preserved in his neck.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[60] In his “Will”, Lenin criticised all senior figures of the Central Committee, but it was not read at the party conference.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Stalin was allowed to keep his Secretary-General seat, granted in 1922, and emerged victorious in debates and infighting.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[79] After his death, Lenin's body was embalmed and placed on display in a mausoleum built on the edge of Red Square.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[80] The embalming of Lenin was chiefly an idea of Stalin admired by Lenin, as Stalin regarded Lenin as a divine teacher.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin himself would have liked to be buried in all the silence.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin, in 1924, doubted Stalin's prowess as a leader.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

He considered Stalin too crude to lead the Communist Party.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[81] Lenin and Finland Lenin often acted from Finland during their expulsion.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

In Finland, Lenin had supporters and also friends.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin expressed his sympathy for Finland's independence for the first time at meetings held in Tampere in 1905 and 1906.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The meetings were held in the same house where Lenin for the first time met his future successor Josif Stalin.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

Today, that house houses the Lenin Museum unique to the West.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

The museum has been proposed to be turned into a museum for victims of totalitarianism.


Question: What did Vladimir Lenin die of?

Vladimir Lenin

[82] In Helsinki, Lenin lived at the following addresses: [83] Vironkatu 7, November 1905 Liisankatu 19, February 1906 Vuorimiehenkatu 35, March—April 1906 Yläänkötie 8, Oulunkylä, autumn 1907 K. H. Wiikin street, Malmi, one night in August 1917 Sörnäinen Rantatie 1 B, August—September 1917 Fredrikinkatu 64, August—September 1917 Töölönkatu 46, September 1917 After the revolution, Lenin incited the Finnish SDP in his letters to carry out an armed revolution in Finland and sent Stalin to the party conference to support his demands.