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[72] Amadeus's name came from another son he knew, whose surname was Schroeder (Schulz could no longer remember his first name).


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Schulz named many of the occasional minor characters after people he knew.


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[67] In some cases, characters were based on real persons more than just in terms of their names.


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Lily of the valley (Patty), who was part of the original characters, and Peppermint Pipsa (Peppermint Patty), who later appeared in the series, were both named and inspired by Schulz's cousin Patty Swanson.


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Peppermint Pipsa has been said to have resembled these characters more in their real-life prequel.


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[73] Donna Mae Johnson, whom Schulz had proposed to in 1950, is mentioned as the role of the little redheaded girl, but who had chosen another man instead of her.


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Schulz himself confirmed this notion in an authorised biography that appeared in 1990.


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[74] The mongrel dog Spike, owned by the Schulz family in the 1930s, has been mentioned as the main role of Ressu.


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[37] [75] Spike gave his name to Ressu's brother (Finnish. Rump), which Schulz added to the series in the 1970s.


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[76] Schulz assured in public that he borrowed only a name from real people, but the characters were based on his own character.


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[14] He also used his own children and family as paragons of his characters, according to his own narration, only very rarely.


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According to one characterization of Schulz, Jaska Jokunen represented his tendency to appease on the one hand and determination on the other, Tellu for his sarcasm, Eppu for his “strange little thoughts”, Amadeus for his perfectionism and devotion to his own art, and Ressu for his sense of self-worth.


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Lippe represented his “worst aspects”.


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[77] Adults No adults were ever shown in Peanuv, nor usually even adult speech bubbles at the time when they were conversing with children.


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The exception is three Sunday strips, which appeared in 1954, in which Tellu takes part in a golf tournament and adults appear in the background.


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[37] [67] According to Schulz, this was an unsuccessful experiment.


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Adults, she said, bordered their beginnings away from Tenavi because there was “no room” for them in strips, where children were always photographed directly in an angle of view from the page.


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However, he said the series later evolved to be so abstract in content that showing adults would have completely destroyed that idea.


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[78] Standard characters in Peanuts include some adults who are never shown, such as the children's parents and teachers, but in the later years of the series they were told less and less frequently.


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[79] In Peanvat animations, adults cropped outside the picture speak in an instrumental “kva kva” sound that can only be understood by the characters in the stories.


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The sound is produced by a muted pull trombone.


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[80] Some animated films from the 1980s were no longer so specific about the series' internal legal secrets, and adults could be shown in passing.


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[81] Residence Peanuts characters live in the same neighborhood more specifically in an unnamed suburb of the United States.


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[82] It is not clear from the series where in the country they live.


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Schulz says it would have been a mistake to place them in any particular location.


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[83] However, a few strips contain mentions of identifiable places.


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In one strip that appeared in 1957, Tellu shows off the award he received as “Hennepin County's Tantrum Bag of the Year” (Outstanding Fussbudget of Hennepin County).


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Hennepin County is a county surrounding Schulz's then-hometown of Minneapolis in the U.S. state of Minnesota.


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In a story that appeared in 1963, a boy named 5 says his father has changed the family's surname to 95472 according to the zip code.


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In the US ZIP code system, that zip code area corresponds to the California-based city of Sebastopol, to which Schulz had moved at the time.


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[67] In a series of recurring themes Common Peanuts are remembered for their numerous recurring jokes, often relating to the characters' eccentric personalities and appearing in endless variations.


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These included Jaska Jokusen's difficulties with kite flying and the catastrophically poor success of a baseball team formed by his friends, Ressu's imaginary adventures in the character of various alter egos, Epu's addiction to his safety plate, and his belief in appearing on Halloween night” To the Great Pumpkin,” Tellu's psychiatrist's stand, as well as Amadeus's fanatical adoration of Beethoven.


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[84] Much of the recurring topics appeared on the series during its first decade.


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[85] The most famous repetitive joke is probably the so-called football joke, of which Schulz always drew a new version once a year in the autumn.


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In it, Tellu asks Jaska Someone to kick an American football, but yanks it away at the last minute.


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[86] There are a total of 36 versions of the joke on Tenavi.


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[85] There were also repetitive visual jokes in Peanavs, for example the tendency of the characters to roll back exaggeratedly when they are shouted to their face.


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[84] Characters are also often depicted leaning against a low brick wall while conversing.


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Schulz invented the wall because he felt it would have been inappropriate to show children sitting on the side of a street that is a dangerous place for children.


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[62] According to Schulz, Tenavi dealt more with failure than success because “defeat is much more fun than victory” and because it is easier to relate to.


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[87] A recurring topic was also one-sided love, from which several characters suffered, albeit in different ways.


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[88] According to Schulz, his series contained certain legal secrets: “All love affairs are one-sided, all baseball matches are wiped out, all grades are fives, the Great Pumpkin never arrives and the football is always yanked away”.


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[89] Schulz admittedly broke these “laws” a few times especially in the closing years of the series.


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For example, Jaska Jokunen managed in 1993 to lead his baseball team twice to victory and in the last version of the football joke in 1999 it remains open whether he managed to kick the ball or not.


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[67] One of the themes recurred in Tenavi was the relationships of the sexes.


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In the series, the girls were domineering and often mean, the boys weak victims.


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Schulz says turning stereotypes into reverse made malice fun.


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“If [in the comic] a little boy is mean to a little girl, then there's nothing funny about it — — but if the little girl is mean to the little boy, then there's something funny about it.” [90] As Snopy's imaginary world evolved, Schulz was able to broaden the subject line of Peanuts and attach references to it to adventure series and films of his youth.


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According to Rheta Grimsley Johnson, who wrote Schulz's biography, Schulz created “a series within the set” in this way.


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[91] Schulz drew many ideas from his own life and experiences, including his own childhood.


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According to his own account, he, as a child, had been on a baseball team that once lost a match by a score of 40—0.


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[92] According to Schulz's co-biographer David Michaelis, Schulz got over the hardships of his youth, but “projected the traumas of his youth far enough into his adulthood so that they eventually became an integral part of his art”.


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[93] Schulz said he would use “everything he had experienced or felt” in his series.


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[94] In many Peanut strips, characters tell anecdotes about their parents or grandparents, inspired by Schulz's own experiences or his relatives.


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For example, Jaska Jokus's barber father refers to Schulz's father, who also was a barber.


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[95] [96] Schulz was similarly inspired by the hobbies of his children and family members.


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[21] Hokemat Tenavi is remembered by many repeated pronouncements and hokemia.


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Among the most famous are probably the update “Good grief!” (“Dear Ordinary!”) , saddling “Rats!” (“Heck!”) , “sigh” describing the sigh, the barking word “blockhead” (“pölkkypää”), and the horror cry “AAUGH” (the spelling varies in Finnish versions).


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The naive life wisdom, “Happiness is a warm puppy” (Happiness is a warm puppy), is formed by his own chapter.


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Lausahdus originally appeared together, on the “Peanvat strip” which aired on 25 April 1960.


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Following the suggestion offered to him, Schulz published a picture book of the same name, elevated to sales success, in 1962, which moved the Peanuts characters to a new format and made the phrase a trademark of the series.


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The phrase formed over time as the subject of numerous references and parodies.


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Schulz drew several strips himself, mocking the uncomplicated suckness of the original “Happiness Is a Warm Puppy” strip.


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The Happiness is a Warm Puppy book was followed by a series of similarly styled publications.


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Many fans of Peanuts viewed this exploitation of the characters' “cuteness” as undermining the true merits of the series, which were rather hidden in its sharpness and ruthlessness.


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[97] Happiness is a Warm Puppy has been translated twice, in 1972 as Onni is a warm dog and in 1984 as Onni is a calorific puppy.


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During the 1970s and 1980s, Otava also published several other books in the same series in Finnish.


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[98] “Onni on [some minor matter]” and the recurring opening phrase “Oli a dark and stormy night” in Ressu's novel scripts are well-known phrases from Tenavi.


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[99] The term security blanket apparently spread into the English language after Schulz used it in his series starting in the mid-1950s.


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[100] Schulz proudly referred in interviews to the fact that the word he launched had ended up in the dictionary.


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[101] The Society Peanuts often contained humorous references to current phenomena and topics that sparked political controversy, but Schulz always avoided taking an open stand and choosing a side, both in his series and outside it.


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[102] According to his own telling, he did not want to offend people.


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[103] Environmentalism and the promotion of women's sports were among the few controversial topics that Schulz openly defended in her series.


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[104] However, he also sometimes took an implicit stance on some of the issues he experienced as important through the characters in his series.


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For example, the appearance of dark-skinned Sam on Tenavi in 1968 was interpreted as a stance on the issue of race.


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[24] Schulz published a strip in 1963 citing a Supreme Court decision to ban co-praying in schools.


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The strip had been made in such a way that both opponents and supporters of school praying interpreted it as defending their own position.


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At Schulz's request, the strip was not allowed to be reissued for either party's purposes.


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[105] A similar stir was caused in 1970 by a strip where Eppu talks about unborn children in heaven.


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It was mistaken for a position on the issue of birth control and abortion, and even this time both sides of the dispute saw it as supporting their own position.


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Schulz denied the strip was a reference to these topics.


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[106] As someone who experienced World War II, Schulz wanted to keep the memory of war and veterans alive.


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Beginning in 1969, he drew a strip each year on National Veterans Day, November 11, in which Snoopy recounts celebrating Veteran's Day along with wartime cartoon fame Bill Mauldin.


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[107] In 1998, Schulz even copied into one of these strips the Willie and Joe characters featured in Mauldin's wartime cartoons, which must have been the only time Schulz used someone else's drawing in Tenavi.


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[108] Beginning in 1993, Schulz also drew the so-called D-Day Remembrance Trip on 6 June each year on the day of the Normandy landings, laconically urging readers to “remember”.


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[107] Religion Peanuts included frequent references to Biblical narratives and proverbs, increasing the interest of many convinced Christians in the series.


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Of the characters in the series, Eppu often quotes the Bible and the Gospels.


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From Schulz's will to the first Peanvat animation, Jaska Jokusen Christmas was accompanied by a scene in which Eppu explains the meaning of Christmas by quoting the Gospel of Luke.


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[109] Schulz was a conviction Christian, and he belonged to a long-standing church called the Church of God.


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After moving to California, however, he distanced himself from his church and stopped going to church altogether.


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During the 1960s and 1970s, his religious opinions became much more liberal than previously thought.


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[110] In an interview in 1987, he speculated that he was becoming a secular humanist.


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[111] According to Schulz, Peanuts did not proclaim any interpretation of the faith and was an “anti-evangelical” rather than an evangelical cartoon.


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[110] However, according to his own telling, he wanted to deal with the Bible in his series in an intelligent way.


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[111] Schulz also said that he hates how, for example, Ville Vallaton prays in his comic book and discusses with God about his shenanigans.


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Such comics were, in Schulz's view, very shallow.


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[112] In the later years of the Peanuts, Schulz also drew many strips criticising money-raising TV preachers and fundamentalist sects.


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[113] Robert L. Short wrote two books, The Gospel according to Peanuts (1964) and The Parables of Peanuts (1968), in which he recounted the theological messages he found in Peanuts.


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Schulz and Short became friends, but according to Schulz, Short's books did not actually analyze the content of Peanuts and did not reflect his own religious views; Short merely used Tenav as a tool to express his own perceptions.


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[114] Short's first book was an immediate sales success, and Schulz speculated it had also increased the popularity of Peanuts.


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[115] In 1966 Viikkosanom published Tenavia in Finland, there was a fresh news story that was practically a direct quote from Short's book.


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[116] Short's first book was published in Finnish as Peanuts on the road to truth in 1967.


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In 2008, a new translation appeared under the name Gospel of Peanavie.


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[98] A collection of strips on Peanuts religion was published in 1984 and the beagles and the bunnies shall lie down together: the theology in Peanuts.


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It was translated in 2003 and 2004 under the names Ressu Dogmatics and Theology of Peanuts [98].


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Some have speculated that in Tenavi also Epu's belief in the Great Pumpkin would be a metaphor for religion.


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When Schulz received a reader letter in 1965 complaining that the Great Pumpkin was sacrilege, Schulz replied that he agreed and that his intention was in fact merely to show Santa Claus to be exactly the same.


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[117] Views on the content of the series Schulz drew, according to his own narration, Tenavia specifically for adults.


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He said he would get annoyed whenever someone thought the series was aimed at children.


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She was annoyed even that the first Peanut animation, Jaska Somebody's Christmas won the Primetime Emmy Award for Best Children's Program in the Series because she didn't think it was a children's program.


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[118] However, the content of peanuts was reputedly always kind and harmless.


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[119] According to Robert Harvey, the Peanuts formula, starting with the first strips, was that children either respond to everyday situations by using adult language — making psychological, sociological or philosophical considerations, for example — or responding to problems in the adult world with childish reactions.


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The characters address readers as they deal with issues and emotions that belong to adulthood, but at the same time retain the innocence of children.


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Schulz felt he had brought something completely new to the comic when he took “minor coincidences”, as the starting point for jokes, as mundane occurrences as possible.


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Although similar humour had already existed earlier in other series, Schulz developed his characters to the point where humour was born more from the characters' personalities than the situations themselves.


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[84] In previous joke series, humour had tended to be more space-driven.


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[64] The content of peanuts is also based on generous repetition, with the amusing problems of the characters recurring over and over again.


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[120] In the 1950s, Peanuts were considered by many to be ahead of its time as a newspaper comic.


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According to David Michaelis, it was a transformative comic because it dealt with such psychological phenomena as alienation, uncertainty, and a sense of inferiority, which were not typical themes in 1950s American newspaper comics.


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In the 1950s, Jaska Joku, who suffers from uncertainty, was considered a new kind of cartoon character with a more authentic and talkative personality than anyone seen before.


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Peanuts were able to express characters' emotions effectively through very minimalist means, with a few words and a punch line.


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The series also dealt, in Michaelis' words, with “proper pain and loss” with “heartfelt gentleness.”


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One of the first themes of the series in its early stages was the mutual cruelty of children.


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[120] According to cartoonist Stephan Pastis, Schulz broke away from the formulas of Peanuts and other strip comics in 1954 when he began making “in a bold way non-funny” strips out of Jaska Jokusen's pathetic underbelly, which gave Peanuts a new level of depth.


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[22] According to Michaelis, Tenav has a therapeutic effect on his readers: identifying with the characters of the series and laughing at them helps to deal with their own problems.


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Especially Jaska Somebody is considered the kind of character everyone can relate to.


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[120] According to Michaelis, American students and young intellectuals of the 1950s became interested in the lines of Jaska Jokus's inner anxiety and uncertainty, which were interpreted as existential statements about the human part of the world.


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Both Jaska Jokusta and Schulz himself were called “the youngest existentialist”.


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Some also linked Peanuts to the spiritual world of the beat generation.


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[120] Since then, the series became mainstream.


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As the US national community fragmented as a result of the controversies surrounding the Vietnam War and cultural shift, beginning in the late 1960s, Peanuts formed a common denominator and, for many, a spiritual getaway.


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[121] [122] One of the most famous analyses of the content of Peanuts is the essay “Jaska Jokus's World” published in 1963 by Italian semioticist Umberto Eco.


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According to Eco, Children of Peanuts portray the mental problems of adults in modern society.


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“These children cringe at us suck because they are monsters in a sense: they are monstrous, infantile minuscules of all the neuroses of a modern citizen of real civilization”.


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The childlike sincerity of the characters makes the reader feel despair at times, between optimism.


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According to Eco, Peanuts pleases cultured adults and children alike, where consciously civilized comics like Pogo only appeal to a narrower audience.


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[123] Rating of the level of decline according to Finnish journalist Jussi Karjalainen “A rather indivisible view is that Peanuts was not only the most popular newspaper comic in the world in its most intrigued years from the late 1950s to the mid-1970s”.


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[124] Many felt that Peanuts became more lackluster and childish over the years in an effort to please an ever wider audience.


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[125] Schulz himself admitted in interviews in his old days that Tenavi had become decidedly softer than before.


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He explained this by the fact that as age grew, the perspective on things became different.


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[126] At the same time, the psychological “real world” of Jaska Jokusen and his friends, as well as the silly imagination world of Rappy, began to intermingle clearly, resulting in an increase in the amount of absurd humour in the series.


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[127] Bill Watterson, a draughtsman for Lass and Levi, stated in the 1980s that Peanuts had not in itself deteriorated, but it had lost its previous pioneer status when all other cartoonists had learned to emulate the same ideas.


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[128] A more critical interpretation was put forward in 2000 by journalist Christopher Caldwell, who stated that Peanuts regressed from a brilliant comic strip after the early 1970s to an entirely uninteresting “third-rate strip” due to the Goofy gaining too much space in the series and supplanting the more talkative human characters.


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Kaustinen and Rimppu were, in Caldwell's view, even more pointless characters from Ressuak, suitable only for completely vacuous jokes.


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[129] Schulz sometimes wondered himself that he had possibly used Sneaky too much and Jaska Somebody too little in the later years of the series.


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[130] The influence on other comics Peanuts and a few other comics that started at the same time, such as Masi, brought joke series back into popularity in the United States.


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By the time of the early 1950s, continuous-plotted adventure series had dominated the comic pages of the American press for a quarter of a century.


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However, with the new trend, they were quickly marginalized.


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[131] Peanuts have been said by some to have also been involved in starting a new trend of “intellectual” sets in the 1950s, in which a reduced style of cartooning merged with more or less philosophical content.


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[64] Peanuts prospered at a time when newspapers were constantly shrinking the space reserved for comics.


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Although Peanuts had been a smaller than normal “space saving strip” when they started, the original size of Peanuts had become the normal size for strip comics in the 1980s.


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[132] The formula of success for Peanuts proved to be easily copied in its simplicity, so the series received a lot of imitators.


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It was as a result that the influence of Peanuts on the development of newspaper comics became greater than that of many other ingenious and prestigious series, as the path Peanuts signposted was easy for other comic writers to follow.


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[133] In particular, the reduced drawing style of Peanuts and Mas and the reduction in the size of strips inspired many cartoonists to experiment with an increasingly simple and simple style and focus solely on refining jokes.


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As a result, the line between well and mediocre cartoons became more fading, which many believe led to a decline in the artistic level of newspaper comics.


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[132] Schulz himself was sorry that continuous-plotted narrative comics were dying out of the way of joke comics, and that the publication size of comics continually shrank.


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[134] However, Peanuts also inspired many later comics that have been recognised as high-quality classics.


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According to Doonesbury draughtsman Garry Trudeau, his entire career was thanks to Peanuts.


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[135] Bill Watterson, the cartoonist of Lass and Levi, named Peanuts as one of his main inspirations.


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[136] Johnny Hart's Pulter is thought to have been a key inspiration for his style from Tenavi.


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[137] Jim Davis's Garfield, Gary Larson's Far Away, Berkeley Breathed's Bloom County and Patrick McDonnell's Kamut have also been cited as comics that probably wouldn't exist without Peanav.


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[135] [138] Art Spiegelman, known for his serious comics, stated that because of Peanuts” commercial image, it was long difficult for him to acknowledge the series' impact on his own work, “because one might as well have said he took influences from breakfast cereal”, but he eventually realised its significance and quality.


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[139] Animated series such as The Simpsons and South Park have also been attached to the list of claimants of the Schulz legacy.


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[135] In addition, many comics emerged from the immediate inspiration of Peanuts in the 1950s and 1960s starring caricature-like large-headed children.


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These included Mell Lazarus's Miss Mikka (Miss Peach) and Bud Blake's Tiger.


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[140] Commercial use of the series Following the rise of Peanuts to success, Schulz began to receive ample offers in the mid-1950s from companies willing to use characters from the series in their advertising or manufacture ancillary products.


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According to his own account, Schulz was willing to take up the offers because he had a growing family to support and he could not initially know how long the success would continue.


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Schulz first drew his characters for advertising use in 1955 for Kodak's Brownie camera promotional brochure Brownie Book of Picture-Taking.


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[141] The first dolls featuring characters from the series went on sale in 1958.


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Kansas City-based Hallmark began printing Peanvat greeting cards in 1960.


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[142] [37] The number of different ancillary products began to grow, especially from the early 1960s, as Schulz readily agreed to the ideas offered to him.


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[143] In November 1959, Schulz entered into an advertising agreement with Ford Motor Company that guaranteed Ford for a fixed period the exclusive right to use the Tenavat characters in advertising the new Ford Falcon car model in all media, including television commercials.


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Schulz drew the newspaper ads himself.


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According to Schulz, the Ford deal was the first time he had access to truly “big money” (“a lot of money”).


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Under the agreement, Ford paid $75,000 for the use of the characters dating back to 1959 and a yearly increasing amount thereafter, which would reach $100,000 in 1963.


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When the money was split between Schulz and the syndicate, Schulz received a total of $216,750 for the five years of his contract.


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In conjunction with the advertising campaign, Peanuts characters were also first animated for TV commercials, and Bill Melendez was hired as the animation director.


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The Ford ad campaign first drew wider criticism of the commercialisation of Peanuts.


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Some cartoonist colleagues accused Schulz of greed.


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At the same time, some intellectuals enamored with Tenavi complained that using the series' characters in commercial advertising eroded any credibility based on their innocence.


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Schulz didn't see a problem, as he felt Ford was a respectable and respected brand.


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[144] Schulz felt that it was pointless to blame newspaper comics for commercialisation, since they already served a commercial purpose, namely to increase the sale of magazines.


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[145] He also said he was responsible for the jobs created by the Peanuts peripheral products industry.


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On the other hand, he did not want to intervene in cases where companies that used the Tenavat license were accused of selling unsafe products or trampling on workers' rights.


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[146] Schulz adhered to the principle in the licensing agreements that profits were divided equally in three parts between himself, the comic book syndicate and the acquirer of the license.


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If a fourth party was involved, the winnings were divided equally into four parts.


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[147] Ancillary products for peanuts were sold in 1967 for a total of $20 million, in 1969 for a total of $50 million and in 1971 already $150 million.


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[148] In 1989, the sum was already $1 billion.


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Peanuts remained in the ancillary product business eventually second only to Disney.


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[149] In 2010, total sales of ancillary products were reported to be over $2 billion per year.


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[150] Around the time of Schulz's death, a variety of Tenavat products were on sale for about 20,000.


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[76] By 2009, more than two billion copies of Peanvat-themed postcards printed by Hallmark had been sold.


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In Finland alone, about 16.5 million of them had been sold.


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[151] Outside the United States, the largest market for Peanuts peripherals has traditionally been Japan.


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Unauthorized commercial and non-commercial use of characters in the series has also always been remarkably widespread.


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[152] In the United States, the most prominent company that used Tenavia in its advertising has been the MetLife insurance company, which, among other things, had three advertising zeppelins with the image of Ressu.


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[37] In 2016, the company announced that it would abandon the Tenavat license after more than 30 years.


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[153] MetLife paid $12 million annually for access to the characters, according to estimates, and was the licensees's most lucrative customer.


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Hallmark, which prints postcards, still pays about five million dollars a year for its license and the television channel ABC for the animation rights the same amount.


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[154] In addition to Ford cars and Metlife's insurance policies, Peanuts characters have advertised on US television including Dolly Madison and Weber's Bread, Chex Mix breakfast cereals, Knott's Berry Farm amusement park, Friendly's Family restaurant chain, and Regina vacuum cleaners.


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Bill Meléndez said he had directed a total of 372 commercials containing PeanVat animation by 2001.


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[81] After sixty years, United Features Syndicate and E.W.


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The Scripps Co.


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sold the publishing rights to Peanuts in June 2010 for $175 million to Iconix Brand Group, which specializes in fashion brands, and Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates, controlled by the Schulz heiress, forming Peanuts Worldwide LLC, a joint venture controlling Peanuts rights.


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Iconix owned 80% of it and the inheritance 20%.


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[154] [155] The new owners transferred the distribution of Peanuts from United Features to the rival Universal Uclick syndicate in February 2011.


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[47] In May 2017, Iconix sold its majority stake (along with the rights to the Strawberry Shortcake character for a total of $345 million) to Canadian media company DHX Media.


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[156] In May 2018, DHX announced in turn that it would sell a 49% stake in its ownership to Sony Music Entertainment Japan for $185 million, followed by DHX owning 41% and Sony 39% respectively.


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[157] Either Sneaky or Jaska Jokunen has been represented among the giant balloons of New York's renowned Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade almost every year since 1968.


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[158] Animations List General Peanut television animations have been made by 2015 in total 45.


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[37] The most popular are the so-called holiday specials formed in the United States, which are aired on television regularly every year on certain holidays and which always garner large numbers of viewers.


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CBS owned their show rights until 2001, when they moved to rival ABC channel.


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[159] The first television animation, Jaska Jokusen Christmas, completed in 1965, is the longest-running annual animated show ever in the United States.


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[81] Along with television specials, Tenavi has been made into five feature-length animated films for theatrical distribution.


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Graduates during Schulz's lifetime live, Jaska Jokunen!


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(A Boy Named Charlie Brown, 1969), Snoopy Goes Out to the World (Snoopy, Come Home, 1972), The Race Is Tough, Jaska Somebody (Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown, 1977) and Happy Journey Jaska Somebody (Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!


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), 1980).


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[37] In 2012, Blue Sky Studios and 20th Century Fox teamed up to produce a fifth feature-length animated feature film, which was executed in a different way from previous Peanvat animations as a computer animation.


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Behind the project were Charles M. Schulz's son Craig Schulz with his own son.


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[160] The Peanuts Movie (The Peanuts Movie) premiered in November 2015.


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[161] Between 1983 and 1985, a television series The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show was also made for two seasons, with episodes formed from short skits based on comic strips.


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[37] No more was made of the series because, according to Schulz, it produced too much extra work for him.


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[162] In addition, an education-oriented eight-part miniseries This Is America, about American history, was made in 1988 by Charlie Brown.


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[37] In 2014, the French animation studio Normal made a 500-part series of 90-second long Peanvat short animations, all based on Schulz strips.


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[163] History First time Peanuts characters were animated beginning in January 1960 for the Ford Falcon TV commercials and the initial emblem of the Ford sponsored Tennessee Ernie Ford Show talkshow starting in 1959.


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[164] [37] In late 1963, producer Lee Mendelson made a documentary about Charles M. Schulz under the working title A Boy Named Charlie Brown and wanted to attach a short clip of animation to it.


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Bill Meléndez, who was responsible for previous Ford commercials, was invited to be the executor of the animation, and jazz composer Vince Guaraldi composed the background music.


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Collaboration on the documentary led to Mendelson offering to produce a Christmas television show, A Charlie Brown Christmas (Jaska Jokus's Christmas) sponsored by the Coca-Cola Company, which was scripted by Schulz, directed by Meléndez and composed by Guaraldi.


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At Schulz's insistence, the show did not use a background laugh and was accompanied by a religious scene in which Eppu quotes the Gospel of Luke.


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CBS management was unhappy with the program, but still decided to air it.


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However, Jaska Jokusen Christmas was already a spectator and review success at the time of its premiere.


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It won a Peabody Award and a Primetime Emmy Award for Best Children's Program.


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[165] After Jaska Jokusen Christmas, Lee Mendelson began producing more Peanvat animation almost from the conveyor belt.


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Mendelson produced all Peanvat animations right up to He's a Bully, Charlie Brown, completed in 2006.


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They were also made at Bill Meléndez's animation studio, and he directed the main part of the animations.


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Additionally, Meléndez starred in the vocalizations of Ressu and Kaustinen in all animated films until his death in 2008.


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[37] Meléndez directed the animations himself for a long time, but with the addition of productions in his studio, he transferred the directing of television specials from the 1970s onwards mainly to his subordinates.


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Following this, Phil Roman, Sam Jaimes and Larry Leichliter served as directors.


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The main animator, along with Meléndez, was Bill Littlejohn, who worked especially on the Ressu scenes.


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[166] Schulz has been credited on his own as the screenwriter of almost every Tenavat animation made in his lifetime.


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[167] Schulz and Meléndez usually designed the plots of the animated films together and others sometimes made additions to them, but the scripts have still been said to have been predominantly Schulz's handwriting.


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Some of the plot was based almost directly on stories that appeared in the comic itself, some were entirely new.


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[168] The last PeanVat animations made during Schulz's lifetime were made for direct-to-video distribution in the 1990s.


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[81] One of the hallmarks of Peanvat animations starting with Ford commercials was the use of child voice actors instead of adults, which at the top was exceptional in the industry.


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Because children grew out of voices suitable for the characters in a few years, the actors were changed more than twenty times over the years.


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Due to the popularity of Jaska Jokusen's Christmas, later animation efforts were made to find children whose voices would sound similar to those used in it.


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[169] Awards and accolades Five Peanuts animated films have won an Emmy Award: A Charlie Brown Christmas (Best Children's Program 1966), A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving (Screenplay made by Schulz was awarded in the Children's Programmes Series 1974), You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown (Best Screenplay) children's special 1976), Happy Anniversary, Charlie Brown (best children's factual programme 1976) and Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown (best animation 1981).


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Twenty-three other Peanvat animated films were also Emmy nominations.


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In addition, the movie Long Live Jaska Jokunen!


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received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Musical Composition.


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[81] In November 2015, Snopy received a star of his own on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, next to a star previously awarded to Schulz.


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[170] Music With the advent of animations, Vince Guaraldi's jazz music began to be commonly associated with Tenavi.


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Notably, the piano piece known as “Linus and Lucy” is commonly known as the theme music of Peanuts.


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Charles M. Schulz himself did not like jazz at all, but was more appreciative of classical music.


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[171] Guaraldi composed the music for a total of 15 Tenavat animations before his death in 1976.


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Thereafter, animation composers were mainly Ed Bogas and Judy Munsen, until Guaraldi's music began to be used again starting in 1992 in the most recent animated films.


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[37] Guaraldi's music has also been used in some places in the 2015 film Tenavat, although the main part of its music has been composed by Christophe Beck.


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[172] Sneaky Leaves the World has music composed by the Sherman brothers and This Is America, the Charlie Brown series used a different composer in each episode.


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[173] So far the most recent television animation is the 2011 completed Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, by Charlie Brown, whose music was composed by Mark Mothersbaugh.


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[37] Unrealized Live-Action Film In 1992 Warner Bros.


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studio acquired from Schulz the rights to the film “Tenavat” with real actors, for which John Hughes, who was successful with his family comedies, was hired as screenwriter.


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[174] The project was reportedly buried in a film written by Hughes, Ville Vallato, after a poor reception the following year.


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[175] Other works inspired by Peanuts, Clark Gesner composed and penned the popular musical You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown (performed in Finland as Peanuts) in 1966.


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It premiered Off-Broadway in 1967 and eventually also on actual Broadway in 1971.


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Schulz himself liked the musical greatly and encouraged Gesner in making it.


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[176] There was a new Broadway version of it in 1999.


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[177] You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown has been a decade after decade in the United States especially in the popularity of enthusiast theatres.


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It is said to be one of the most aired musicals in the United States or even the most aired.


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[37] [178] There is also another lesser-known Peanut musical Snoopy!


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The Musical.


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[37] It received its off-Broadway premiere in 1982.


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[179] Both musicals were adapted in the 1980s as animated films.


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[81] A Floridian rock band called The Royal Guardsmen recorded the humorous song “Snoopy vs.


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the Red Baron”, which told of Ressu's fictional aerial battles as a World War I pilot hero against the Red Baron.


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[180] [181] Mauri “Moog” Konttinen later translated the same song into Finnish and recorded it as “Ressu ja Punainen Paroni”.


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[182] American composer Ellen Taaffe Zwilich composed a six-part chamber orchestra series for Peanuts® gallery in 1996, which premiered the following year at New York's Carnegie Hall.


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[183] Painter Tom Everhart has made paintings of Peanuts since the 1980s, based on Schulz's drawings.


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As for Schulz's wish, he is the only one with official permission for this.


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[184] Due to its popularity, Peanov has been parodied countless times.


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Among other things, the comic book magazine MAD excelled itself by publishing dozens of Peanvat parodies.


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[185] Schulz said himself that he appreciated the skills of MAD's cartoonists.


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[186] He also drew one Peanut strip in 1973, which featured the head of MAD's mascot Alfred E. Neuman.


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[185] Charles M. Schulz's former hometown of Saint Paul erected a series of large bronze statues in Landmark Plaza Park in 2003 showing Peanuts figurines.


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[187] Peanuts in Finland First, Tenavia published a Christian children's magazine called Lasten Kuvalehti by Kuva ja Sana publishing house in 1956, where in 1956 a few strips from Jaska Joku and Tellu appeared anonymously and in 1958 under the name Pirkko and Pekka.


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[188] [189] However, the series was actually imported to Finland by the Sanoma company.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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The initiator was Aatos Erkko, who was editor-in-chief of Weekly Messages in the late 1950s and was looking abroad for suitable comics for the company's magazines.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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According to Erko, the Finnish names of Peanavie and its characters were invented by himself and Juhana Perkki, Simopekka Nortamo and Mary Wuorio.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

The name Jaska Jokunen is mentioned as having been invented by Erko himself, but most of the names were invented by Perkki, [190] who was the finance manager of Sanoma Oy at the time.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[189] The first Tenavat strips appeared in Finnish on 30 October 1959 simultaneously in Ilta-Sanomat and Viikkosanom.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[191] Tenavia is still published by Ilta-Sanomat.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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Tenav has had several Finns.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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Juhani Tolvanen has been producing the series since 1979.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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According to her own account, she has not wanted to spread to Finland such American phenomena that are not already known in Finland, so for years she turned all Valentine's Day cards into birthday cards in dialogue.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[192] [193] On the other hand, however, it has been claimed that Peanavie contributed to the fact that Valentine's Day celebrations and Valentine's Day cards also spread to Finland in the 1980s.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[194] Sanoma Oy started publishing Tenavat books in Finnish in 1968.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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The series has since been continued by Helsinki Media and Egmont.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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By 1999, more than one million copies had already been sold in Finland.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[195] Sanoma also published a comics magazine called Ressu, which appeared once a month between 1990 and 1992.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[98] Marketed to children, the magazine featured Peanuts and Ulla strips.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[196] Bibliography The first collection featuring Peanuts strips (Peanuts) was published by the Rinehart publishing house in 1952.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[14] Various books on Peanvat have since been published in great numbers.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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By 1999, more than 300 million copies had been sold in various countries [191].


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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In the United States, between 2004 and 2016, the Fantagraphics comic book publishing company published a book series, The Complete Peanuts, containing all of the Tenavat newspaper strips in the order of original appearance.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[197] It also includes more than 2000 strips that have not been republished before that time since their original newspaper appearance.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[67] Only the first two volumes of the book series appeared in Finnish as Perfect Peanuts, covering the years 1950—1954.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[98] [198] Fantagraphics additionally publishes a series called Peanuts Every Sunday, which will include all Sunday strips in colour.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[199] It has not been published in Finnish at all.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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In Finland, Sanoma Oy published a total of 38 Tenavat strip paperback collections between 1968 and 1993.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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Helsinki Media continued the series from 1994 to 1997 and Egmont starting in 1998.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Sixty-one parts have appeared so far.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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In addition, eight other paperbacks, six albums, 13 hardcover comic books and 59 picture books or other works illustrated with Tenavat cartoons have been published by various publishers in Finnish.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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[98] The Complete Peanuts Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Complete Peanuts: 1950—1952| location = Tampere| publisher = Egmont| year = 2007| version = (The Complete Peanuts: 1950 to 1952, 2004.)


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English. Juhani Tolvanen| id = ISBN 978-952-469-737-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Complete Peanuts: 1953-1954| location = Tampere| publisher = Egmont| year = 2008| version = (The Complete Peanuts: 1953 to 1954, 2004.)


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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English. Juhani Tolvanen| id = ISBN 978-952-469-912-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1955 to 1956| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2005| id = ISBN 1-56097-647-0}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1957 to 1958| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2005| id = ISBN 1-56097-670-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1959 to 1960| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2006| id = ISBN 1-56097-671-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= The Complete Peanuts: 1961 to 1962| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2006| id = ISBN 1-56097-672-1}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1963 to 1964| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2006| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| 7| id = ISBN 1-56097-723-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= The Complete Peanuts: 1965 to 1966| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2007| id = ISBN 1-56097-724-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1967 to 1968, | location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2008| id = ISBN 1-56097-826-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1969 to 1970| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2008| id = ISBN 1-56097-827-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1971 to 1972| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2009| id = ISBN 1-60699-145-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1973 to 1974| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2009| id = ISBN 1-606969| 286-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1975 to 1976| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2010| id = ISBN 1-60699-345-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1977 to 1978| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2010| id = ISBN 1-60699-375-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1979 to 1980| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2011| id = ISBN 1-60699-438-7}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| = The Complete Peanuts : 1981 to 1982| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2011| id = ISBN 1-60699-471-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1983 to 1984| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2012| id = ISBN 1-60699-523-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1985 to 1986| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2012| id = ISBN 1-60699-572-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1987 to 1988| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| 2012| id = ISBN 1-60699-634-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1989 to 1990| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2013| id = ISBN 1-60699-680-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Peanuuts TS: 1991 to 1992| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2013| id = ISBN 1-60699-726-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1993 to 1994| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2014| id = ISBN 1-60699-773-4}} Citation with error, replace {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1995 to 1996| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1997 to 1998| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= The Complete Peanuts: 1999 to 2000| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2016}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: Comics and Stories| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2016}} Egmont Series 1.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Don't be thrilled, Jaska Jokunen (1968) 2.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Day shines, Jaska Jokunen (1969) 3.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Snoopy and the Red Baron (1969), picture book 4.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

You're cute, Jaska Jokunen (1969) 5.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Jaska Jokusen Christmas (1969), picture book adaptation of animation 6.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Sloppy to Parliament (1970) 7.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

It's Love, Jaska Jokunen (1970), a picture book adaptation from animation 8.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Long live Jaska Jokunen (1970), a picture book adaptation from the animated film 9.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Games stop, Jaska Jokunen (1970) 10.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

You'll be fine, Jaska Jokunen (1971) 11.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Beware of the lakaball, Jaska Jokunen (1971) 12.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Snopy and His Biplane (1971), Picture Book 13.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Summer is gone, Jaska Jokunen (1971), a picture book adaptation of animation 14.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Attempted not to put, Jaska Jokunen (1971) 15.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Dear Ordinary, Jaska Jokunen (1972) 16.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

There we are, Jaska Jokunen (1973) 17.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Ressu writes the book “It Was a Dark and Stormy Night” (1973), picture book 18.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Experience, Jaska Jokunen (1974) 19.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

The top winds, Jaska Jokunen (1974) 20.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Fortune favors the brave, Jaska Jokunen (1976) 21.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Beware the Dog, Jaska Jokunen (1976) 22.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Fear Away, Jaska Jokunen (1977) 23.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

All on time, Jaska Jokunen (1978) 24.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Hitting from the Flight, Sneaky (1979) 25.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Life is Wonderful, Snippy (1980) 26.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Suu suppuun, Kaustinen (1981) 27.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Rima high, Boozy (1982) 28.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

The genus is the dearest, Boozy (1983) 29.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Pouted into a field, Tellu (1984) 30.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Peanuts in a Party Mood (1985) 31.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Pace to the Pump (1986) 32.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Gotta Tell (1986) 33.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Yes that's it (1988) 34.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

With the Ball (1989) 35.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

To its honor (1990) 36.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Take and Rut (1991) 37.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

The fastest rag in the West (1992), Klassikko-Peanuts 38.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Who's Afraid of Rain (1993) 39.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

The Bunny Gets Away (1994) 40.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

The World Is Yours (1995) 41.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Than Then Before (1996), Classic Peanuts 42.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Rest Day Track (1996), Klassikko-Peanuts 43.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

The ball is round too (1997), Klassikko-Peanuts 44.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Summer Short, Winter Long (1997) 45.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

There are many Jaskas (1997), Klassikko-Peanuts 46.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Creative Work (1997) 47.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Say Birdseed (1998) 48.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Soft Landing (1998) 49.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

All in the game!


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

(1999) 50.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Festive Peanuts (1999) 51.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Heroes of All (2000) 52.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Decades of Happiness 1950-2000 (2000) 53.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Flags to flame (2001) 54.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Winter comes, Jaska Jokunen (2001) 55.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Rappy's Treat Moment (2002) 56.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Break spot, Peppermint-Pipsa (2002) 57.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Poker Holds, Sneaky (2003) 58.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Undeceiving Game Eye (2003) 59.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Blocks in place, Playback (2004) 60.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

A Smile in the Sensitive (2004) 61.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

Rousy — Valid Philosopher (2010) Other albums Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Rousy and Red Baron| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2003| version = Finland. Juhani Tolvanen| id = ISBN 951-1-18658-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Peanuts: Among friends: Celebrating Peanuts 60 years| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2010| version = Finland. Juhani Tolvanen| id = ISBN 978-951-1-24557-5}} Sources Literature Robert C. Harvey: The Art of the Funnies: An Aesthetic History.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

from the University Press of Mississippi in 1994.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

ISBN 0-87805-674-2 M. Thomas Inge (ed.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

): Charles M. Schulz: Conversations.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

University Press of Mississippi, 2000.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanauts

ISBN 9781578063055 Rheta Grimsley Johnson: The Good Grief: The Story of Charles M. Schulz.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Ravette Books, Sussex in 1989.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

ISBN 1 85304 255 2 Chip Kidd (ed.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

): Peanuts: The Art of Charles M. Schulz.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Pantheon Books, New York 2001.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

ISBN 0-375-71463-4 David Michaelis: Schulz and Peanuts: A Biography, paperback institution.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Harper Perennial, New York 2008 (original hardcover facility 2007).


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

ISBN 978-0-06-093799-7 Charles Solomon: The Art and Making of Peanuts Animation.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Chronicle Books, San Francisco 2012.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

ISBN 978-1-4521-1091-2 Complete Peanuts 1950—1952, Finnish. Juhani Tolvanen and Veikko Malmberg.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Egmont in 2007.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

ISBN 978-952-469-737-8 (initial work The Complete Peanuts 1950—1952) David Michaelis: The Life and Deeds of Charles M. Schulz, emt.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

p. 291—303.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Rick Marschall & Gary Groth: An Interview with Charles M. Schulz (done 1987, first published in 1992), emt.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

p. 304—337.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Juhani Tolvanen: Interview with Charles M. Schulz (done 1999),


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

p. IX—XI.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Celebrating Peanuts 60 years (ed.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Paige Braddock & Alexis E. Fajardo, foreword by Jean Schulz).


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Andrews McMeel Publishing, Kansas City 2009.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

ISBN 0-7407-8548-6 One feast, Peanuts! , Special Appendix of Ilta-Messages 4.11.1999 References on the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

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Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

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Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

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Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

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The Pedanuts

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The Pedanuts

Michael J. Vassallo: Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Question: When did Jaska Jokusen's character come to Finland?

The Pedanuts

Timely-Atlas-Comics Blog (2012) * Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Epic Games (formerly Epic MegaGames) is an American game house.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

The company has started out as a video game developer, but has since its inception expanded to license its Unreal Engine game engine to game developers.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

History Epic Games' history dates back to 1991, when Tim Sweeney founded a gaming company called Potomac Computer Systems in Rockville, Maryland, United States.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

The firm's first major game was ZZT.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Gradually, the firm began to be known as Epic MegaGames.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

To the knowledge of the general public, Epic MegaGames gained access in the mid-1990s, when shareware experienced an actual boom as the way games were distributed.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Epic's well-known SW games include e.g.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Epic Pinball, Jill of the Jungle, Jazz Jackrabbit and One Must Fall: 2097.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Around this time, Epic also began distributing games designed by others.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In 1998, Epic released Unreal, which received several sequels.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Epic also began selling under license the Unreal Engine game engine they created to other game makers.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In 1999, Epic MegaGames became Epic Games.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In 2006, Epic released Gears of War for the Xbox 360.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In 2007, a sequel to the Unreal Tournament series, Unreal Tournament 3, was released for PC and PlayStation 3, a version for the Xbox 360 was released slightly later.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In 2008, Gears of War's sequel, Gears of War 2, appeared.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Today, Epic Games continues the development of the Gears of War series and the Unreal Engine game engine they created.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In 2016, an Early Access version of Epic's upcoming free-to-play MOBA type game called Paragon was released, which was being developed for PC and Playstation 4.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In the spring of 2018, Epic Games stopped developing Paragon, shutting down its servers on April 26, 2018 [1].


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

As a reason, Epic Games reported Paragon's low player count, partly caused by Fortnite's growing popularity.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In 2011, Epic Games began developing a game called Fortnite.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

This game was meant to be a grim survival game at the time.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Later, the game became much more colourful and more suitable for children.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

However, Fortnite was not successful until on September 26, 2017, Epic Games released a free Battle Royale game format for it.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

In the first couple of months it was not yet known, but in the spring of 2018, the game began to receive a lot of attention, which led to most of the gaming channels on YouTube And Twitch switching to playing Fortnite.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

The game is available for PC through the Epic Games launcher and also for consoles such as PS4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

An iOS version already exists, and a Beta version of the Android release also became available on August 9, 2018.


Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

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Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

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Question: What country company is Id Software?

Epic Games

Category:U.S. video game companies


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Pokémon () is a Japanese product series.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

It originated as a video role game developed by Satoshi Tajiri, released in 1996 for Nintendo's Game Boy.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The word “Pokémon” is an acronym for “pocket monsters”, “pocket monsters”.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The games feature hundreds of different Pokémon characters and the goal is to collect each of them and train a good team of characters.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

In addition to video games, the product series includes a collectible card game, anime, manga and numerous other products.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The most famous Pokémon character is the series' mascot, the yellow electric mouse creature Pikachu.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[1] The brand is controlled and licensed by The Pokemon Company, of which Nintendo owns 32%.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[2] Name “Pokémon” and character names etc.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

are trademarks of Nintendo.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[3] Pokémon is the second most successful video game based product series.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

More popular is only the Mario series, which is also Nintendo products.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The Pokémon anime was Japanese animation's first series to achieve worldwide mainstream popularity, opening the doors to the popularity of anime and manga outside Japan.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

In 1999, Pokémon games were sold in seventy countries, television series was shown in sixty-one countries, films had been shown in forty-four countries, and the card game had been translated into eight languages.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

In 2003, the product series was valued at US$15 billion.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Pokémon served as the initiation impetus for the Cool Japan movement.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[1] The video games series included in the product series is Game Freakin and Creatures, Inc.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

a role-playing game series developed by and published by Nintendo.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

In July 2016, Pokémon Go, using augmented reality and spatial information, was released for smartphones, which quickly became popular around the world.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The game captures virtual Pokémons in the real world using a mobile phone camera.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[4] Television series and films The Pokémon anime television series tells the story of young Pokémon trainer Ash Ketchum, his first Pokémon Pikachu, and their and their friends' adventures around the Pokémon world.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Ash tries to become the Pokémon Master and stops the evil Rocket Squad.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Since 1999, a film based on the series has appeared annually.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The first film (Pokémon — Mewtwo counter-strike) grossed US$10.1 million in the United States on its first day and a total of $85 million.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[1] A total of 20 production seasons, 20 films and more than 30 special episodes of the series have appeared.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Collectible Card Game Pokémon Trading Card Game or Pokémon TCG is a Pokémon themed collectible card game.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The idea behind TCG is to “fight” with the Pokémon characters on the cards.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The card set was published by Wizards of the Coast in 1996.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

It is currently published by Pokémon USA.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Almost every Pokémon has its own card.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Manga Various Pokémon-themed manga series are numerous.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Much of it is based on games in the franchise, but there are also some series based on the anime series, related films and collectible card games.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Among those based on the anime, an example is The Electric Tale of Pikachu (), which follows Ash Ketchum's journey in the regions of Kanto and the Orange Islands.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Completely original series have also been released, such as Miho Asada's Kaitou!


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Pokémon 7 (), which follows the life of a young boy living a double life, Hiori.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The first Pokémon-themed manga series is the slapstick humor series Pocket Monsters (), scripted and drawn by Kosaku Anakubo, and bears its name from 1996 to 2003, which follows the journey of a trainer named Red around the Pokémon world, followed by Pikachu and Rude Clefairy.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The original series follows the adventures of the trio in the Kanto and Lead regions and has been followed so far by five sequels: Pocket Monsters RS () set in the Hoenn region, Pocket Monsters DP () set in the Sinnoh region, Pocket Monsters HGSS () set in the Lead area, set in the Unova region Pocket Monsters BW () and Pocket Monsters XY () located in the Kalos region.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The best-known manga series in the Western world, and the longest running continuously in Japan, is Pokémon Adventures, which was heavily based on games and started in 1997.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The series in question is the first Pokémon-themed manga series to have been published in Finnish.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[5] Sangatsu Manga has licensed three manga adaptations based on Pokémon films: Makoto Mizobuchi's Pokémon Ranger and Temple of the Sea (released in January 2016), Makoto Hijioka's Giratina and sky warrior (March 2016), and Momota Inouen Zoroark — Master of Illusions (May 2016).


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[6] [7] [8] Evolution Several Pokémons have evolutionary series.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

There can be one or two evolutions, as though Poochyena has only one evolution, and Mudkip has two.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

The Pokémon called Eevee has up to eight different advanced forms.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[9] In general, the name of the developed form is similar.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

For example, the advanced forms of Bulbasaur are Ivysaur [10] and Venusaur [11] and Igglybuffin [12] is Jigglypuff and Wigglytuff [13], but there are also a lot of such evolutions, where the name is different, but instead the appearance may look the same, as with Grimer and Muk.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Since the sixth generation, there have also been mega-evolutions that allow certain Pokémon powers to be strengthened.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

An example of a mega-evolutionary Pokémon is Charizard.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Characters Pokémons There are more than 800 Pokémon species in seven generations.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Species are also classified into several types.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

Cultural influence The characters in the game have become icons of popular culture, exemplified by painting on a Pokémon Jet airplane.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

After the Pokémon Go game's release, 231 million people took part in 1.1 billion interactions on Facebook and Instagram during April where the game was mentioned.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

[14] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Galbraith, Patrick W.| title = The Otaku Encyclopedia| publisher = Kodansha International| year = 2009| version=Keyword “Pokémon” | id = ISBN 978-4-7700-3101-3| language = Transclusion error: {{I} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

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Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

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Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

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Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

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Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

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Question: Who created the Pokémon series?

Pokémon

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

Baptism is a Christian sacrament and expression of faith, [1] in which a person is baptized with water and often at the same time attached as a member of a church or congregation.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

The theological essence of water baptism e.g.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

saving, rebirth, or matter of conscience varies between different denominations and individuals.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

The doctrine of water baptism in history has been one of the strongly separating denominations and individuals, but also today unifying.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

The New Testament contains for the Christs two distinct concepts for baptism, which are water baptism and spirit baptism.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

[2] [3] In spirit baptism, man is fulfilled with the Holy Spirit.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

John the Baptist, who was the first Baptist of the New Testament said that he baptizes people with water for repentance, but Jesus would baptize believers with the Holy Spirit and fire.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

[4] Jesus said to Nicodemus, “If one is not born out of water and Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

“[5] Of the Holy Spirit Paul writes to believers, “we are all baptized in one Spirit into one body, whether we are Jews or Greeks, slaves or free, and all have been allowed to drink the same Spirit.


Question: When was Mormonism invented?

Baptism

“[6] [7] The Greek New Testament uses the verb baptizō for baptizō, “to immerse”, “to press into the water”, “to wash”, “to baptize”, and for baptism the noun Baptism.