Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In January 1918, the hearts of the men of Ostrobothnia and Karelia beat with strong feelings.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

It still does.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The law of honor is the law of a man”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 1 December 1929, civic assemblies of hundreds of participants were held besides Lapua, led by activist, Master Antti Sarven and Councilman Eero Hämäläinen in Kuopio, under deputy judge K. A. Raevaara and Asessori Onni Heinonkoski in Mikkeli, farmer, MP Evert Nukar and Head of the Southern Häme Patron District under Ernesti Suolahti in Hämeenlinna, Director K. Brofeldt in Kotka and District Physician W. Vartiovaara in Savonlinna.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

All the meetings stated that they would support any decision, whatever they would take in Lapua.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently, civic assemblies had already been planned much earlier, judging by their coincidence.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the order of business at the meetings was the same in all localities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[10] Citizens Delegations The Lapuan assembly decided to send a 20-person delegation headed by Artturi Leinonen to Helsinki to ask the government to act to stop the sedition work of the communists.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the morning, on Independence Day, 6 December 1929, 1,000 people were facing the legation at the Helsinki railway station and the Academic Karjala-Seura (AKS) led by Vice-President Vilho Helanen.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On December 7, the delegation brought the decisions of the Lapuan assembly to the attention of the minority government in Kallio.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The embassy was received by all parliamentary groups except the Communists.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the embassy visited the President of the Republic Lauri Kristian Relander.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The president was moved to tears when Hilja Riipinen, who served as President, announced that the people were demanding more acts than speeches from the state power.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Relander gave all his support to the popular movement, writing that the People's Movement “has been a blessing to this country and the people, of that I am sure”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On the evening of the same day, the embassy was invited to the Fourth of July celebrations organised by AKS.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

AKS gave full support to the movement and Urho Kekkonen announced his support in the organisation's voice supporter Suomen Heimo.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Kekkonen indicated that improving workers' conditions would be supported, but no sympathy for the Soviet Union.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Part of the embassy was still visited by an independence fighter, State Counsellor J. R. Danielson-Kalmar, who likewise expressed support for the movement's goals.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] After the Lapuan mission, delegations from different provinces began arriving in Helsinki and new meetings were organized.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The situation developed really quickly in early December 1929.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

This first phase of the popular movement was very happy to be welcomed by the state and considered it to be a healthy and uniting state life while at the same time suspecting its power.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The social democrats, who were fairly socialist at the time, accepted the anti-communist movement, not seeing it as a disadvantage, but rather a benefit.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The demands of the embassies produced the first victory of the popular movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Just before Christmas 1929, a new Association Act was passed, forbidding the creation of a new association to replace the disbanded one.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On this basis, the communist study associations could be abolished.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The second meeting of Lapua and the second major citizens' meeting at Lukko Lapua Seuratalo of Finland took place on 15 March 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting was officially nationwide and more formal anyway, as the meeting was only allowed for delegates from other organizations and civic assemblies.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

For an admission fee, the public was able to enter the


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In addition to Artturi Leinonen, the co-chairperson is H. A. Koristo from Turku, bank manager Isak Kaitera from Oulu and agricultural advisor Aatos Schildt from Jyväskylä.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The secretaries were Deputy Judge Lauri Halme and Kauhajokelic Consulate M.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

E. Brush.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The atmosphere at the meeting was considerably more tense and radicalized by the end of November.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Although Artturi Leinonen and Vihtori Kosola, who became leaders of the movement, emphasised moderation in line, the field people at the meeting were fed up with politicians and other powers, gradually leaning more and more towards direct external parliamentary action.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The leading figures of the radical line were Rafael Haarla, the vicar of Lapua, and the vicar general of Lapua, Gunnar von Hertzen.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The enlightenment director of Northern Uusimaa's patron municipal district, Freeman Lauri Yrjö-Koskinen, insisted on acts rather than enlightenment, but mainly meant enacting stricter anti-communist laws.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The atmosphere of the movement was radicalized because the activities of the communists, despite the promises of politicians, were not abolished.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Those in favour of the Direct Action line justified their opinion by the fact that “patriotic rebellion” was preferable to “patriotic legality”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

They also justified by historical considerations; at first, the icemen had acted against the then law, but still their importance had been of great importance to Finland.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

MPs known as Communists were on various committees, where they also had access to sensitive and secret national defence information.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting dealt mainly with the communist press, which was not suppressed because in parliament the Social Democrats, RKP and Communists opposed the restrictions of the Freedom of Print Act.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Lapualla was particularly irritated by the communist Voice of Work (1924—1930) appearing in Vaasa, which proclaimed atheism and the world revolution.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although it appeared on the basis of the meeting that the popular movement was already splintering in two, the meeting reached a unanimous conclusion: It was decided to establish an anti-communist and site terror NGO, which was to assemble all anti-communist entities as an umbrella organisation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

An association was born called Suomen Lukko, whose 32-member delegation was chosen as the convener of Vihtori Kosola.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Later, at Kosola's suggestion, Artturi Leinonen became chairman of Luko of Finland.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Martti Pihkala, acting as assistant student Mikko Jaskari, was responsible for financial affairs.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The seat of the organization was named Lapua, but the office was placed in Helsinki.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The members of the Finnish Luko were mainly agrarian and coalist in party affiliation, and there were only a few supporters of direct active action.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the anti-communist struggle, Lukko of Finland advocated the Enlightenment and legal methods of action.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the Agrarian League it was hoped and believed that the popular movement would only be channeled in support of the government, but supporters of direct action were not enthusiastic about the slow association activity of the Finnish Luko.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Action The Voice of Work fell silent The motion for amendment to the Freedom of Print Law Lapuan movement was irritated by the opposition of the Left and the Swedish People's Party (RKP) to an amendment to the Law on Freedom of Printing, which was not adopted as desired by the Parliament in the early spring of 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The movement's attempt was to transfer control of the Freedom of Printing Act to the Attorney General appointed by the President of the Republic from the Minister of Justice, allowing the latter to decide in the Council of State the matter without discussing the closure of printing presses deemed to have violated it in accordance with the Freedom of Printing Act.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Example case of Vaasa County The apparent unity of a popular movement lasted only 13 days from the founding meeting of the Finnish Lukko.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

At the head of the movement, it was decided to disrupt the activities of the communists, and a newspaper printed in Vaasa, near Lappa, Vaasa, was chosen as the target.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Gustav Tiitu had advocated minor daytime interference in printing, but he opposed the destruction of the printing presses.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Although it seemed to rest, Yrjö Nikula, the former titular of Lapua and head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia, continued to plan the attack.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

If the participants were caught in their act, Trade Advisor Rafael Haarla had promised to pay them potentially reprehensible damages.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Strike to the printing press On the night of March 28, 1930, direct action began.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the port area of Vaasa, farmer Pentti Alasaari fired a couple of shots into the air with his Mauser M1916 pistol to distract the police and give them an alibi.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

At the same time, Vaasa's internal telephone connections were disrupted, and 13 Lapuan men led by Yrjö Nikula, the head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia and former titular man of Lapuan, and Gustav Vannas, a motorist from Yrjö Nikula, broke in and broke up the print of the Voice of Work.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The act was apparently carefully planned under Nikula's leadership.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The perpetrators soon came to light, as police found a scoop lamp knife on the floor of the printing press bearing the name of Kullervo Leskinen, an employee of the Lapua cartridge factory.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] On 3 April, the third citizens' meeting was held in Lapua in connection with the dissolution of the printing of the Voice of Work.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola's leadership, the meeting prepared a telegram that was sent to Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Telegram confirmed that the Lapua Popular Movement and Kosola were bent on illegal activities, but according to the text the movement had not settled against the government: the division of the Lapua Movement Suomen Lukko separates Parliament was surprised by the act and the Youth Republicans Kyösti Kallio and under the leadership of Helsingin Sanomat called for severe punishment of perpetrators.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates realised that the attack was a vote of no confidence by the Lapuans in the actions of Parliament.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The act also sparked controversy among the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those involved could not accept the illegalities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

When Lukko of Finland, led by Artturi Leinonen and Gustav Tiitu, disassociated himself from the act and condemned it as a crime, the popular movement broke in two.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Vihtori Kosola, the leader of Vihtori Kosola, had not endorsed the plan at the stage of its drafting, but stood down to support the act, declaring that the one responsible for the act was in fact the parliament, which had not begun the process of eradicating communism.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Artturi Leinonen, who had denied carrying out the attack, and Gustav Tiitu and Lukko of Finland lost their central place in the popular movement and the movement that started direct action took Vihtori Kosola as its leader, who himself had not sought a prominent position.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

His household, Kosola, became the central headquarters of the Lapua movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Lapuans publicly declared themselves in large numbers as perpetrators of the attack and supporters of the act.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola, Yrjö Nikula, Vihtori Herkena and Ilmajokelainen bank manager Iivari Koivisto, 72 men signed up as authors and supporters of the work.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Lapuan farmer Jussi Muilu, trainee Yrjö Hissa, and peasants Simo Lahdensuo and Jussi Perämäki became the actual violators.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Trade counsellor Rafael Haarla agreed to pay all the fines of those convicted.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the first issue of Activist n, the main voice supporter of the Lapuan movement</i>, 650 people registered as supporters of the act.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The magazine became popular and was sold as many as 10,000 copies.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The journalistic line reported by the newspaper was strongly anti-communist.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Vaasa riot and the Asser Salon ride on 4 June 1930 at Vaasa Raastuvancourt began to be dealt with the issue of breaking the print print of the Voice of Work.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The predominance knew that the day would cause Lapuan movement, but the Popular Movement refused to cancel the demonstration.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Early in the morning 1800 Lapuans arrived in Vaasa in 200 cars decorated with Finnish flags.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Demonstratively, the procession of cars stopped first at the dispersed printer and in front of the landlord's official residence.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The men then made an honorary visit to the hero tombs of Vaasa, during which hymns and patriotic songs were sung, as well as speeches were given.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Vaasa District Riot While the trial was in progress, the Lapuans assaulted Eino Nieminen, who was acting as a witness, who was alleged by Detective Central Police (EK) to be a red officer and an organiser of SKP.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the courthouse's second-floor vestibule, Eino Nieminen had to kiss with the peasants who surrounded him.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

After Sanaharka, supporters of the Lapuan movement carried Nieminen down the stairs outside the courthouse, tore off his clothes and assaulted Nieminen.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The mob followed the act from the sidelines and police did not intervene.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Press photographer Paavo Poutiainen instigated the perpetrators, and one of the most famous images in Finnish press history was taken.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Some ten other leftists were also assaulted by the Lapuans, among them Allan Asplund, editor of the Vaasan social democratic magazine Nya Folkbladet.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the Lapuans also fell victim to bourgeois minded citizens who tried to prevent beatings, citing the rule of law.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, police master Gunnar Tallroth eventually rescued the battered Nieminen and took him to the police station.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Nieminen was able to leave the police station just before supporters of the Lapuan movement penetrated the building and inspected it up to the cells without the force of the police officers or wanting to prevent this.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

When the cause of the Voice of Work, Communist MP Asser Salo stepped out of the courthouse, the riot worsened.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Despite the fact that Governor Bruno Sarlin tried to appeal for peace in the district, the supporters of the Lapuan movement took hold of Salo and paraphrased this.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement had already been planning to kidnap Salo when he had arrived to hear the injunction.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Detective Central Police (EK) followed the incident by without intervening.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, a BC detective who was present, later joined the radical wing of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Lapuans could not decide what to do with Salo.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Salo was threatened with shooting during the Revelation, but eventually he was taken to Lapua's youth club house, where he was forced to swear that he would never enter Lapua again.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

After this, Salo was taken to Viitasaari, where he was let go.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The men of the Lapuanmovement left after informing the editorial staff of the Voice of Work that the magazine would not be published even after the end of the two-month discontinuation period.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

After the Lapuans disembarked, Vaasa remained in the possession of military patrols.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Lapuan Law Originally, Lapuan law meant the 1843 Government Rule and Village Ordinance of Lapua and its implementation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Also among the Lapuan movement, the right of the Lapuans own hand began to be called Lapuan law.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

According to the idea, the justification of the acts was determined by how much they promoted anti-communist activity.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The legality of the act did not matter, as according to the movement's thought world, the “will of the people” interpreted by the Lapuan movement was above the law.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On June 5, 1930, the Lapua Movement declared the Lapua Law into force in Southern Ostrobothnia.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[12] In the early morning hours of 8 June 1930, Yrjö Hissa and Jussi Perämäki, who took part in the disbanding of the print of the Voice of Work, committed double suicide.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The youths who were detained were counted as the first victims of the popular movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

They were buried with a hero's funeral in Lapua and Kosola laid a wreath on the tomb, which read the words of Kaarlo Kramsu's Ilkka poem: 'No justice in the land, who himself will not have'.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The phrase became one of the motto phrases of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Later in the summer, the second motto became “We do what we will”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Summer 1930: period of pressure Bruno Sarlin of the Progress Party was removed from his duties as a landlord and Colonel Erik Heinrichs was appointed in his place, which it was hoped would improve the intervals between state power and locals.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In mid-June 1930, however, the Lapuan movement began large-scale rides, or pluses; 254 rides or rides were made during the summer.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Three rides ended in the victim's death and most of the rides were assaulted.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[13] The relapses were carried out both by local Lapuans and by the strike forces of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Kosola wanted to press the ride-hailing government to resign and get Pehr Evind Svinhufvud of the National Coalition as prime minister.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In their speeches, the Progress Party and the Agrarian League protested the movement's radicalisation and acts of violence, but did not withdraw their support from the Popular Movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the summer of 1930, pressure from the Lapuans was at its peak.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The People's Movement also achieved its most important goal in succeeding in ending communist activities practically altogether.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

After the summer, most of the leading communists were serving time in prison, the labour magazines had been abolished and all labour houses closed.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Due to sympathy or pressure in many provinces, denominators and other officials issued orders to abolish the houses of labour.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In Pohjois-Savo, for example, all 59 workers' houses were closed at the behest of the titular and landlord.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[14] Some politicians felt that it was better to accept lawlessness so as not to break out another civil war.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Prime Minister Svinhufvud (Svinhufvud II government from 4 July 1930 to 21 March 1931) even staked his unqualified support for the uprising and movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

He had visited South Ostrobothnia and the People's Movement in mid-June and became convinced of the popular popularity of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, K. J. Ståhlberg, the first president of the Republic, agreed that illegality was indefensible, even if it was taken to suppress the crimes and treasonous activities of others.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] A march and delegation for the upcoming march of the Lapuan Movement took place from 20—21.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

June 1930 meeting in Lapua.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Organizing the march was a large and sizeable job.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

For the meeting, the Lapuan movement invited representatives from all patron districts and at the same time organized a popular movement nationwide.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement invited and named the persons who were to hold meetings in their respective localities, who would again designate them as their representatives by signing a power of attorney.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In practice, the credentials demanded by the Lapuan movement were signed without any organized meetings.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

At this point, among others, Dr. Kai Donner officially joined the Lapua movement as a representative of Eastern Uusimaa.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates formed arrangements for the march to handle the delegation of the Lapuan Movement, which thus became the official Lapuan Movement Representative Council.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The delegation consisted of 16 representatives from Southern Ostrobothnia, one from all other provinces, and from Vyborg and Helsinki, two representatives from both.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In total, this national representative council consisted of 31 delegates.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

After the march, the delegation declined in importance, but still the name Lapuan Movement Delegation served under various communiqués and pressures as the representative of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[15] Eventually, the government of Kyösti Kallio IV (16 August 1929—4 July 1930) made an unfounded decision in law to abolish all communist magazines for fear of otherwise engaging in illegal activities by the Lapuans.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The decision was approved by Parliament on 1 July 1930, although no similar proposal had been approved earlier in the spring.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the government submitted a motion to the Parliament to abolish the activities of the Communists and began to bend to the demands of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander also took pressure on the government, which finally on 2 July submitted his resignation request due to the untenable domestic political situation, despite having just received a vote of confidence from parliament.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, in line with the goals of the Lapuan movement, a pan-bourgeois government led by P. E. Svinhufvud was formed, in which representatives of the Lapuan movement were planned.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

K. R. Kare was envisioned as Minister of Education and Vihtori Dukeaa or Kosola as Minister of Social Affairs.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, Svinhufvud did not want “two dictators” (meaning Svinhufvud and Kosola) in government, and business did not want to get entangled in government politics either.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Compared to the government, the Lapuan movement was strong enough: It did not have to tie its hands.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The mutual antipathies (arising from theological differences) between the churchmen K. R. Kare and Paavo Virkkunen, who became Minister of Education, have also been thought to have played a role in the plan's tapering.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[16] Abduction of MPs from the Constitutional Committee To give impetus to their demands, the Lapuan movement decided to show its mass power with a peasant march to Helsinki.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

To intensify the show of force, Vihtori Kosola gave orders to paraphrase communist MPs.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Two days before the march, in the morning of 5 July 1930, a Lapuan force, led by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen and Artturi Vuorimaa, penetrated the Session of the Constitutional Committee to kidnap the communists' Helsinki MPs Eino Pekkala and Jalmari Rötkö.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Committee Chairman Väinö Voionmaa (SDP) and Ernst von Born (RKP) tried to prevent the hijacking, but Eerolainen wore his badge of the Detective Central Police (EK) in the situation and the Lapuans were allowed to take the MPs to the car for a ride, although both tried to grab themselves when carrying. to the door of the committee room.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The deputies were rushed to Kosola, Lapua, from where they were released after the government announced that the state would not receive the march if the delegates were not released.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, the newly appointed Svinhufvud government had already bent on ordering all communist MPs to be detained “on suspicion of treasonous activity”, but the arrest order was not issued until the afternoon of the following day.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Parliament afterwards approved the government measure despite doubts expressed by the Social Democrats and Swedes.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[17] [2] The Peasant March On Monday, 7 July 1930, the Peasant March was held, which was the largest display of force in the popular movement and a turning point in the history of the movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The peasant march was a well-planned massive operation in which 12000 supporters of the Lapua Movement marched by province and region into regiments, battalions and companies divided by patronage discipline and order.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The marchers were Finnish and Swedish-speaking, as the language issue was of little interest to the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the march was planned to be called “Patronage Marches”, but the commander of the Patron Municipalities, Lauri Malmberg, forbade the use of the Patron Uniform.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The main idea of the movement was to hold a new event that would resemble the White Army Victory Parade on 16 May 1918.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Although the movement was a parade of victory, similar events from abroad were also modelled on, notably the Swedish peasants' national defence march in 1914 and the march of the Italian black shirts to Rome in 1922.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Before the peasant march, the domestic political situation was extremely tense.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

With the government's position proving to be tenuous, even a coup by the Lapuans was possible.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

There was no thought in the movement to revoke actively government power, but some of the Lapuans had considered hijacking if the government was not active enough against the Communists.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The movement tried to appease public opinion with a bulletin.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

During the march, both the Lapuan movement and the government pledged to fight for the eradication of communism and to support each other.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, the government asked the Popular Movement to stop exercising the right of own hands.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Kallio government designed a package of laws aimed at banning all activities interpreted as communist.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

With the Social Democrats opposing the motion, the government in parliament failed to win over the qualified majority of at least two-thirds needed to amend the constitution, leaving some of the laws to rest over the elections.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In retaliation, the Lapuans kidnapped (Revelation) 17—18.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On July 1930 Väinö Hakkilan, the Social Democratic Deputy Speaker of the Parliament, from Tampere Teisko through Lapua to Kuortane and assaulted him.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[18] In this case, in order to expedite consideration of the Communist laws, President Relander dissolved parliament on 15 July 1930 and ordered new elections to be held 1—2.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

on October 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[13] Intimidation and pressure from the Lapuan movement set the tone for the electoral struggle.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The government gave the land lords broad powers to block electoral activity on the far left.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander urged the people to vote for candidates who would pass communist laws.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Coalition and the SDP increased their number of seats, but with the far left losing out of parliament entirely, the seats of the left were not enough for even a third blocking minority.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The new parliament passed communist laws in October 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[13] All political and professional organisational activities interpreted as “communist” were abolished, and persons suspected of being communists were denied the right to participate in elections under the Constitution of Finland.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[19] Suspected communists were also imprisoned; often on fabricated or fraudulent charges.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[20] [21] In Finland, the President of the Parliament is the second highest-ranking person after the President of the Republic.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Thus, riding Väinö Hakkila, the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament and Municipal Mayor of the City of Tampere (1920—1952), against his will, was an impressive and publicity-inducing act.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On July 18, 1930, the first ride took place that really nipped in public support of the movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The lows of popular movement can be considered to begin from that day.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

At the time, the Social Democrat in the highest state position, Väinö Hakkila, the deputy speaker of parliament, who was going to his summer villa in Teisko, was riding.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Hakkila was stopped in Teisko at gunpoint and forced into another car.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Even though he belonged to the right wing of his party, Hakkila was paraphrased because of his criticism of the modes of the popular movement, especially the amuses.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Hakkila was taken to Kuortane, during the voyage she was threatened to be taken to the Soviet Union and was planted in an anthill.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, Jussi Muilu prevented Hakkila's killing.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Hakkila expressed support for Lapua's movement and promised to retire from politics, thus releasing him.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The ride in Väinö Hakkila was planned by Eino Haarla, a financial supporter of the Lapua movement, son of trade adviser Rafael Haarla, President of the Revolutionary War Front Union, Eero Rekola, a business assistant, and Yngve Mustonen, a business assistant.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

All were Tampereans.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Haarla and Rekola recruited five paraphernalia, led by Arvi Kalsta, the ice captain who was later head of the Finnish People's Organisation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Kalsta was sentenced as the lead perpetrator of the ride to an eight-month discipline room sentence.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The reputation of the Revolutionary War Front Men Union suffered badly with the ride.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The act was widely condemned and after that as a sure supporter of the Lapuan movement in the press, the major magazines served mainly only as Uusiu Suomi and to some extent also Aamulehti.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

With the ride of Väinö Hakkila, the county lord of Vaasa County, Erik Heinrichs, resigned from the position he considered untenable.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement was put on the defensive by a ride that clearly showed the fieldfolk had been radicalised and initiated their anti-Social Democrat activities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The radical leader of the Lapua movement, the vicar of Lapua, Kaarlo Rietrikki Kares, disliked the idealization of violence, but declared that it was a kind of revolution and that life had its own hard laws.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In many civic circles, this statement of Kares caused astonishment and consternation: This was followed by the most radical part: The portion of the radical statement of Kares, which spoke of overturning the autonomy of parliamentary parties, was received by citizens who supported the republican form of government on his hind legs.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Kares had already declared Vihtori Kosola the “People's Leader chosen by God” in the summer.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

This proclamation subsequently became highly known.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In September 1930, however, in Turku, Kosola tried to appease statements belonging to the radical wing, saying: “The Lapua movement has not sought and does not seek to dominate the country.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

For that are the government, parliament and various governing bodies”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Onni Happonen murder Along with the slaying of Suutari Erik Itto, the most famous blood act of the Lapuan movement was the murder of Social Democrat Onni Happonen, chairman of the Heinävesi Municipal Board.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 1 September 1930, he was kidnapped in connection with a local council meeting in front of a large crowd of people by forcing Happone using violence into a passenger car.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

His body was found two years later buried in the forest just off the Karvio Canal along the road between Joensuu and Varkaus.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The body showed signs of a fierce beating and an autopsy determined the death had been caused by a bullet fired in the head.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[22] Otto Pakarinen, a laborer, was condemned for the killing of Happonen, who, however, had apparently taken the blame for a large sum of money.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Despite eyewitnesses to the abduction, the true culprits of the murder went undetermined and unpunished.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Members of the Lapuan movement from Kuopio or Heinävesi's own activists, who have been considered at least named Onni Hartio, are suspected of being the real culprits.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[23] After the funeral of Onni Happonen, the wreaths laid on the tomb during the following night were dispersed and spread around the churchyard.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[22] Autumn Parliamentary elections 1930 and the decline in support of the movement Parliamentary elections 1—2.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

October raised a political storm.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement pressured bourgeois parties to create a pan-bourgeois front.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Although the unity of the popular movement began to crack, as moderates and radicals began to take together even more.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, the movement's leadership urged its supporters in mid-September to stop the rides under pressure from the government.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In September, an electoral alliance called the Patriotic Electoral Alliance was created, in which all patriotic, or practically anti-communist elements, according to the definition of the movement, regardless of party affiliation, were to be assembled.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, the electoral alliance received no more than 10000 votes.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Intellectuals and power figures appealed before the election both for and against the popular movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

For example, Mannerheim and Danielson-Kalmari became supporters of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the elections, the bourgeois parties received 134 delegates and the Social Democrats 66.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The National Coalition increased its seat count from 28 to 42 delegates.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists' Electoral Organisation, whose nomination was subject to partial hurdles, received only 11504 votes, or 1.02% of the vote, yielding no seats in parliament.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The new parliament voted with the smallest possible two-thirds qualified majority to enforce the Republic Protection Act, which officially banned communist activities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In Finland, the far left did not have any legal rights to operate until after the Continuation War in 1944.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In December, the Labor Peace Act was enacted, by which time the movement's key objectives had been pushed through.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Around the same time, support for the movement began to decline.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The main factor in the popularity of the popular movement was particularly the late-summer and autumn 1930 ride-hailing scandals.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Most of the fall rides were done locally as acts by individual individuals in the name of the Lapua movement and the spirit of Lapua, many without the knowledge of the movement's leading figures.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On the other hand, the movement did not condemn rides either, so the rides ate up the movement's endorsement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Finally, the worst blow to the endorsement was the famous ride of the first President of Finland (25 July 1919 — 1 March 1925) K. J. Ståhlberg to Joensu on 14 October 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The ride idea was an ill-conceived project under the chief of the General Staff, Ice Kuussaari, Major-General Kurt Martti Wallenius.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Wallenius, too, was considered to have been involved in the ride.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

He lost office and served time in prison until July 1931, when he was acquitted by the Supreme Court of Innocence.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, for service in the defence forces, Wallenius was unable to get back until the Winter War.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] [24] Ståhlberg's ride was a bad blow to the whole Lapua movement, as the movement was generally considered to be the culprit of the act.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The ride can also be attributed to the radicalisation of the movement's supporters.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg was opposed from his old age in a circle of activists and the right wing of the Coalition, but still the whole Lapuan movement did not consider the ride sensible.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

For the Social Democrats and the libertarian bourgeoisie, a bourgeois legalman, Ståhlberg, the first president of the republic, was a symbol of constitutional democracy.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The ride led to the abolition and merger of Suomen Luko into the Lapuan movement after its secretary, Mikko Jaskari, was involved in the case.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] After Ståhlberg's ride, the Agrarian League and the National Progress Party broke away from the pro-Lapua Movement group.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The parties formed a so-called Legality Front with the Swedish People's Party, of which the Social Democrats served as a kind of external member.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Svinhufvud government decided that the riders had to be brought to justice and demanded the Lapuan movement stop protecting the paraphrasers.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

When the police began to capture suspects of the amusement, the Lapuan movement responded with mass force and organised a mass enrollment of paraphrases in a building managed by the Ostrobotnia municipalities in Töölöö, Helsinki, where 400 people arrived.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Similar events took place around the country and eventually police had 10,000 suspects to question.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The government again found itself in an embarrassing situation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lord of Vaasa, K. V. Martonen, on the other hand, did not even agree to continue the investigations, justifying that the province was so pro-Lapuan that it was impossible to catch the riders.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In Ostrobothnia, the violence against communists was seen as patriotic acts, not crimes.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The mass enrolments of riders across Finland were the last events of the anti-communist movement known as the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In the end, 14% of those taking part in the ride were challenged.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

There were 656 charges filed for the rides, 38 per cent of which lapsed.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

10% of those convicted were handed an unconditional prison sentence.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

So, of the riders, the vast majority did not receive any kind of conviction.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

One in five people who were victims of political violence during the rides demanded and received justice.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although the rides of Väinö Hakkila and K. J. Ståhlberg were a bad blow to Lapua's movement, in a sense these two rides had the effect the mulletters hoped for.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

After his amusement, Hakkila sharpened his attitude towards the Communists and got along well with the MPs of the Patriotic People's Movement, or former Lapuans, during the wars.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg continued to maintain his line of legality, but no longer criticised the actions of the Lapua movement as strongly.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, this was not enough for the more radical supporters of the Lapua movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In February 1931, with the presidential election battle at its hottest, the main pro-Lapuans' activist magazine called for the assassination of President Ståhlberg.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

By order of the Minister of the Interior, the edition of that issue was confiscated, but editor-in-chief Vihtori Kosola was afraid to be arrested.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[25] The Lapua Liika Ry Presidential election 1931 and the objectives of Lapuan Liika Ry With the radicalization of Summer and Autumn 1930, moderate circles left the Lapua Movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

22—23 p.m.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

At a popular movement meeting on November 1930, the Lapuan Liika Ry was established.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The founders were practically representatives of the radical wing of the popular movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The purpose was to create more organizational features of the popular movement and to clarify its ambiguous leadership.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Liikan Ry introduced district division and local divisions according to patron municipal districts.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

At the turn of 1931—1932, the organization had a membership of about 30,000.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Although it is difficult to calculate, and it is not exactly known how much active part of the Spring—Summer 1930 Lapuan movement, the number of members of the organisation was probably considerably less than that of the previous popular movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, the organisation of the movement remained halfway.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In late autumn 1931, the former Chief of the General Staff Kurt Martti Wallenius, who as a good organiser, was elected General Secretary, Kurt Martti Wallenius, who, as a good organiser, was able to hold the wires in some way in his hands.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Although the organisation had important financial supporters from the business and business world, such as Rafael Haarla and Petter Forsström, Wallenius' salary was paid by a volunteer group of Ostrobothian men assembled by Jussi Muilu.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, the Lapuan Movement, which transformed itself from the People's Movement to Lapuan Liika Ry, still managed to influence the country's politics in the future, especially in the March 1931 presidential election, which can be counted as the last show of political strength for the movement before the Mäntsälä rebellion.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Although it was already more difficult to influence, as support for the movement had diminished considerably in the circles of the Agrarian League, the National Progress Party and the Swedish People's Party.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The presidential elections in March 1931 were becoming another political crisis for good reason, because Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who was firmly supported by the Lapuan Movement, and K. J. Ståhlberg of the Legality Front.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the Agrarian League, leaders such as Juho Niukkanen tried to get supporters behind Svinhufvud.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud's endorsement was partly based on the fact that the election of Ståhlberg might lead to unrest and derail the country into a really bad crisis.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud was also believed to hold with his authority the Lapuan Movement and the extremists that sympathize with it in check.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

This was especially hoped for in agrarian circles.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Svinhufvud tried to cool the feelings of the sharpest Lapuans by releasing a communique through STT in February saying that all districts should accept the election result, whatever it may be.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

A couple of days after this communication, the ingredients for the crisis emerged when Activist magazine, which advocated the steep line of the Lapuan Movement, published a writing that was interpreted to mean that Ståhlberg should be fired if Svinhufvud did not get elected.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Owned by Yrjö Nikula, Activist was edited by Vilho Viita and also had its Swedish language sister magazine, Aktivisten.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The activist's cover featured a picture of Mannerheim, set by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, under which read “History always repeats”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

An article written by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen called “Shots” was found on the inside pages.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the article, it was written to readers that heroes like Eugen Schauman and Bobi Sivén would still be needed.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

New Finland tried to explain and understand the writing in its editorial, writing that Eerolainen's “uneasy mood can be embraced in light of recent state cases”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Erkki V. Kuokkanen, an agrarian minister of the interior, ordered the magazine's entire edition to be seized and the editor arrested.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, since the formal editor-in-chief of the magazine was Vihtori Kosola, the arrest was not carried out so as not to escalate the situation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[26] [2] Eventually, in the first round of electors in the presidential election, they were facing off against P. E. Svinhufvud, K. J. Ståhlberg and Kyösti Kallio, who was still in the second round.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg did not become selected in the third round, as the Agrarian selectors went behind Svinhufvud.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

When it was announced in parliament that Svinhufvud was elected president by a vote of 151—149, the audience in the parliament's galleries erupted into applause, but Svinhufvud roared, “Shut up, this is no theatre!”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Those who supported the Lapua Movement had come to follow the election, as was the case when voting for the Republic's Protection Act.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The receding Relanderkin found the result easing, writing in his diary: “The cause of the fatherland came to be saved.”


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud managed to keep the Lapuans practically in complete silence for the next six months.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

And even so Svinhufvud played a great role in stopping the Mäntsälä rebellion.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Later, it has been concluded that the election of Ståhlberg would have raised a larger wave of Lapuan lawlessness than in the summer of 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] [27] Svinhufvud also generally implemented policies desired by bourgeois circles and the Lapuan Movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

For example, he decided to improve the state of national defence, which failed to improve for party political reasons, and was not easy in the future.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Movement had called for Mannerheim as Chairman of the Defence Council, whom Svinhufvud immediately appointed to this post.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud also secretly appointed Mannerheim as wartime commander-in-chief.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg, on the other hand, disliked Mannerheim.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Lapuan Movement really went silent for six months.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Support for the movement fell further once the last goal had been achieved.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Support for the movement had fallen all along as it had achieved its objectives.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In general, the movement thus began to be seen as futile, once communism and the far left had been eradicated, a bourgeois government erected, site terror removed and Svinhufvud elected president.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The movement began to focus on its next target, the eradication of social democracy.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan Movement had already shown signs of anti-social democracy in autumn 1930, but in November, at the founding meeting of the Lapuan Liika RY, it adopted the abolition of the SDP as its official goal.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The whole of the popular movement had been based on high and strong risks for and against feelings, but the goal of eradicating the Social Democrats has many times been regarded as its biggest mistake.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Finnish people did not see the SDP as a threat, but they were not sympathetic to communism, as demonstrated by the results of the parliamentary elections.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, the movement began to believe truly in its phrase “We do what we will” and considered it possible that the SDP could be removed wherever the communists were.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Especially it believed in direct action, because the demands of a popular movement, would not have passed without foreign parliamentary direct means, lawlessness and violence.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The eradication of social democracy was justified by the fact that the SDP had voted against the Republic's Protection Act and tried to slow down the implementation of communist legislation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, it held that the remaining communists or other far-leftists in Finland had infiltrated this only remaining left-wing party.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Accordingly, it was necessary to eradicate the entire left.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Some extremists of the Lapuans were also apparently planning to get rid of the legal front, which was on good terms with the SDP.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] With the radicalisation and destruction of the Lapuan Movement on 17 September 1931, the RKP Minister of the Interior Ernst von Born gave the order to open the Lapuan Workers' House, which had been nailed up in November 1929 immediately after the Communist Challenge Party.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The movement had lived in silence, but von Born re-raised its will to fight, especially as von Born had challenged to ask which one would impose, the government or Kosola.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

A citizens' assembly was again held in Lapua, at the conclusion of which on 21 September 1931, the Lapuan Workers' House was nailed and boarded up with a force of two thousand men.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Iivari Koivisto gave a speech before nailing, and after nailing, a telegram was sent to the makers which read: “The house is closed and remains”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The nailing of the Labour House became a true Lapuan folk celebration and the government was forced to bend again in the face of Lapuan mass force.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Threat of coup The incident caused the coup rumours to start swirling again as it did among the left in the autumn of 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The rumours gained further impetus when statements were released from the Lapuan movement that spoke only vaguely of the need to change the state order.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Union of Revolutionary War Frontmen and the Provincial Movement were suspected as possible planners of the coup project.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In November, the domestic political situation began to escalate and rumors grew.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On November 14, 1931, a meeting was held in Lapua to draft the so-called Programme Declaration, calling for a transition to a majority electoral system, tying the right to vote to the ability to pay taxes, abandonment of social reforms, delegation of the power of parliament to the government, agricultural production support for the liberation of those involved in the illegal activities of the Lapuan movement and the prohibition of social democratic activities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The majority electoral system was intended to create a strong one-party bourgeois government, which would be strengthened by delegating the power of parliament to it.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Tying the right to vote to the ability to pay taxes was apparently to guarantee that the poorer working population would not be allowed to vote Left, which would, however, be effectively wiped out by the banning of the Social Democrats (in which case the majority of voters on the left would probably have moved to vote “left-wing burghers”).


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The demands tell the Lapua Movement, with its demands, moved considerably more to the right from the original popular movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[28] In particular, the restriction of suffrage by wealth informed this, especially since the adherence of the original popular movement included many low-resourced peasants and entrepreneurs affected by the depression.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[4] On 7 November 1931, in an editorial in Helsingin Sanomat, Eljas Erkko wrote that a coup d'état was going to be carried out in the country, probably led by K. M. Wallenius, who had just been elected secretary-general, and Arne Somersalo, editor of Aika's Suunta magazine.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Instead, Esko Riekki, the chief of the Detective Central Police (EK), said, along with the Coalition and the press supporting it, that no action was planned in the country, at most a level of vandalism.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Late in the year, the rebellion among the Lapuans was the failure of Svinhufvud to carry out the measures advocated by the Lapuans to bring down social democratic activities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

As the BC was not trusted, the secret society Pro Patria et Lege — For the Fatherland and Law, which, as a moderate-bourgeois counterforce to the Lapuan Movement, was founded in autumn 1931.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[29] The situation really began to escalate on January 25, 1932.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

A citizens' meeting was held in Mäntsälä, at the end of which, according to the Social Democrat of Finland, it was decided to nail down all the working houses in Mäntsälä.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Ohkola Workers' House and many other workers' houses had time to close and Bruno Jalander, the mayor of Uusimaa County, sent the Mobile Police Department to calm the situation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuans began to regard von Born as a traitor to the earth because he protected the socialists and their activities by his actions.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 27 February, Mikko Erich, MP Mikko Erich, who had defected from the Coalition Party to the Social Democratic Party, was scheduled to be held at the Ohkola Workers' House in Mäntsälä.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Erich was considered a traitor to the ground, as he had before unveiled statues commemorating the Revolutionary War and had been an active Coalition, but later converted to socialist.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 24 February 1932, support troops from the Lapuan Movement arrived in Mäntsälä and the district chief of the Northern Uusimaa Patron Municipal District, Paavo Susitaival, asked to cancel Erich's speaking event because unrest might arise, but this request was refused.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Mäntsälä Rebellion Finally, on 27 February 1932, 400—700 patrons interrupted by shooting Erich's speech session at the Ohkola Workers' House.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Initially it was supposed to disperse after the meeting was broken up, but the patrons, under Lieutenant Artturi Vuorimaa, moved to the Mäntsälä patronage house and refused to surrender to the authorities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 28 February 1932, Vuorimaa issued a rebellion declaration and the Mäntsälä rebellion, or nerve battle between the government and the Lapuan Movement, began.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On the same day, Pro Patria et Lege — For the Fatherland and the Law was activated.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 29 February, the Lapua Movement leadership positioned itself to support the rebellion after evening and nightly reflection.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The next day the Coalition positioned itself to support the rebels and the rebels as well as the Lapuan Movement appeared to be on the head of the neck.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Ostrobothian troops arrived in Mäntsälä and 5000 to 7000 patrons moved throughout the country.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Jyväskylä was held by the rebels and 1000 armed patron municipalities had gathered in Pori.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, there was movement in Salo.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Although President Svinhufvud was right-wing, he could not allow another civil war and the wreckage of democracy.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Thus, he gave his famous radio speech on 3 March 1932, appealing to the patron municipalities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

This promise and appeal caused the rebellion colonies to disintegrate: [2] [30] 4—5.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On March 1932, the Lapuan Movement leadership decided to put down the rebellion.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

On 5 March, the rebellion colony in Jyväskylä broke up, and the following night it was reported that the rebels in Mäntsälä would surrender.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

By 10:00 in the morning of 7 March, the insurgency leadership reported and thus definitively the rebellion came to an end.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Movement leadership was sentenced to prison terms.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The activities of Lapuan Joko Ry had been banned in practice as early as 29 February under the Republic's Protection Act, but Interior Minister Arvo Mainland disbanded the organisation on 24 March.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The decision was upheld by the Court of Racing 28.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

on May.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[31] The heirs of the Lapuan movement Vihtori Kosola returned from captivity on 20 October 1932 to Lapua and the event was a great folk festival.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

To continue the legacy of the Lapuan movement, the Patriotic People's Movement was founded on 5 June 1932.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The party began its activities on 14 June 1932 at the Assembly of Representatives in Lapua.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Patriotic People's Movement continued to see the goal of eradicating social democracy in its party program, but operated as a party with the rules of the game of democracy and parliamentarism, despite the background of its predecessor.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Patriotic People's Movement was only a parliamentary party among others in its emphasis on legality, parliamentarism and democracy.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

This annoyed many old representatives of the radical wing of the Lapuan Movement, such as Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, who relied on active direct action.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Patriotic People's Movement was quite a different political movement from the Lapua Movement and operated in a completely different social situation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Patriotic People's Movement formed a “Patriotic Electoral Union” with the Coalition in the 1933 parliamentary elections, obtaining 14 seats, eating the votes of the Coalition so that the Coalition's number of seats fell from 42 to 18.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the 1936 elections it gained 14 seats again and in the 1939 elections 8 seats.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The party sat in Rangell's government from 4 January 1941 to 5 March 1943.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Article 21 of the Moscow Interim Peace Treaty called for the abolition of all “pro-Hitlerite organisations”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

These were interpreted by Finnish policymakers as referring to patriotic and national defence organisations such as the Academic Karelala-Seura, Lotta-Svärd, Patronuskunta and Patriotic People's Movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the Finnish Brothers-in-Arms Federation had to be abolished.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Patriotic People's Movement was ordered disbanded four days after the conclusion of a peace treaty on 23 September 1944.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

[4] Leadership of the Lapuan Movement Many times the Lapuan movement is thought to have been a more derived organisation than it was.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The only region under the effective control of the Lapuan movement was Southern Ostrobothnia, which was almost in mystical value during the Lapuan years.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In fact, the “Lapua Movement” was commonly referred to as the anti-communist movement in the country, as well as the events connected to it.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Ultimately, the movement was united only by anti-communism, in the signs of which quite diverse persons, directions and circles participated in the movement's activities.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement did not have any membership book or card, but anyone could act in the name of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the provinces outside southern Ostrobothnia, the Lapuan spirit, or anti-communist movement, relied on local organizations, patrons and former activists, as well as anyone who considered the eradication of communism in Finland necessary.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

From the House of Kosola, contact was maintained by telegram and telephone with these major non-Ostrobothnian anti-communist circles; however, these were not directly under the command of Kosola or Lapua.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The vaguely and sporadically assembled leadership of the Lapuan movement made no more than a few line-pulling decisions, which included organising “uprisings”, preparations for the eradication of Communist printings for 16 June 1930, the capture of communist MPs from the Reichstag before 1. Reichstag meeting on July 1930, cessation of direct action for the duration of the Peasant March (7 July 1930) and Communist Acts and its resumption on 18 July 1930 with the ride of Väinö Hakkila, purges of local councils from communists Lapuan Movement based on the recommendation of the delegation on 24 July 1930, the purges ending in confrontation with the state power on 8—10.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

September 1930 and the cessation of violence on 15 September 1930 to guarantee a bourgeois electoral victory and a pan-bourgeois front in parliamentary elections 1—2.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

on October 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Even these, the capture of the communists did not work like the capture of Rötkö-Pekkala by Eerolainen and Vuorimaa.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Especially K. R. Kares, as a former Reichstag, had opposed the capture of communist representatives in the middle of the Reichstag.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

A kind of general staff of the informal Lapua movement (before becoming an organization) was the House of Kosola in Lapua.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The attention of the media, citizens and politicians was just drawn to Kosola in the summer of 1930.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The leadership in Kosola as well as throughout the popular movement was not very tightly organised.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Communications were sent from Kosola and contacted by telegram and telephone with various provinces and politicians.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

A lot of support telegrams also arrived in Kosola, but also barking telegrams, especially from the American-Finnish Communists.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Kai Donner referred to Kosola's house as “the post office.”


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, several different persons visited the house with different requirements.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Lieutenant Artturi Vuorimaa, who worked in Kosola, described the leadership of the popular movement thus: defining the personnel leadership of the Lapuan movement is not easy either.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Many times only Lapua has been spoken of, which is intended only for “Kosola and partners”.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the spring of 1930, Gustav Tiitu, Artturi Leinonen and Vihtori Kosola were the leaders of the movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

His inner circle also included the rector Hilja Riipinen and the vicar of Lapua, K. R. Kares, whose position was important especially at the beginning.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Martti Pihkala also played a role in the organization of the early stages.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Like the Agrarian League, Pihkala advocated maintaining a popular movement as a support movement for the government, rather than as a protest movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

So did docent Kai Donner, who had always been involved in various activist circles and right-wing organizations.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Donner was not among the leading figures; he was essentially laying the ideological underpinnings of the movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

He had prestige in the old activist circles of Helsinki and thus was a major player in the Lapua movement in southern Finland.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

He remained a strong background influence throughout the existence of the Lapua movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The moderate legal line Suomen Lukko, led by Leinonen, operated from March to October 1930, but drifted to sidings from the popular movement shortly after its founding, after direct action began.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Originally, the Finnish Lukko was intended as an anti-communist umbrella organization.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Lukko operated as an independent anti-communist organization and had footholds in various provinces of Finland, although in Lapua, a leadership of its own had formed around Kosola.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Kosola's own management came about after the sledgehamming of the Voice of Work (28 March 1930) and the Vaasa riot (4 June 1930).


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In the summer of 1930, the so-called Lapua Triumvirate, or the Tri-Lead of the Popular Movement, was born, consisting of the bank manager Iivari Koivisto and Vihtori Duke in addition to Vihtori Kosola.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

K. R. Kares' influence in the movement grew after the Peasant March (7 July 1930) and by autumn he was actively included in the leadership and his place in photographs alongside Koivisto, Kosola, and the Duke.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

To some extent, the election of Kares informed the rise in power of the radical wing.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

There were many organizers in the Lapuan movement who put Lapuan activities into practice.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous of these organisers are Heikki Castrén, Lieutenant Artturi Vuorimaa and former detective Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen of the Detective Central Police (EK).


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The latter two represented the steep wing of the movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Eerolainen turned Activisti magazine into a radical wing sympathizer while working as a journalist at the magazine and was known as a hard paraphraser.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Later, Lieutenant Colonel Paavo Susitaival, older brother of Bobi Sivén, Repola's titular man, rose to become a well-known representative of the radical wing.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Susitaival served as district chief of the patron municipal district of Northern Uusimaa and is known to have taken part in the activities of the Lapuan movement at least as early as the time of the peasant march.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Since then, Susitaival was involved in the final stages of the radical Lapuan Movement and in the leadership of the Mäntsälä rebellion.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Several powerful men revolved around the leadership of the Lapuan movement, so the leadership was not entirely in the hands of these three, then four men.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

There has always been controversy over Kosola's leadership.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

He was more of an ideological leader, elevated to the great peasant leader of the peasant uprising, who was made the new James Ilkka.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

In late November 1930, the People's Movement was organized into an organization, thus becoming somewhat easier to define its leadership.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The new leading name was Kurt Martti Wallenius, who remained from the Reich's policy for siding in Ståhlberg, who became the organisation's general secretary.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, leading figures in the business world such as Rafael Haarla and Petter Forsström grew in importance as sponsors of the organisation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

Hilja “Hurja-Hilja” Riipinen, who was known for his radical opinions, was also raised in the organisation.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The main voice supporter of the Lapuan Movement of the Activist in 1930 was counted as the leaders of the movement: farmer K. V. Huhtala farmer and Awakening manager Vihtori Duke bank manager Yrjö Nikula farmer Vihtori Kosola Jaegermajor Gunnar von Hertzen ice steward Antti Isotalo farmer Matti Malkamäki farmer Erkki Perheentupa Lt. Col. P. A. Helped farmer Juho (Jussi) Tala Captain Torsten Hedman Vicar of Lapua, Asseror K. R. Kares Later found guilty of the Mäntsälä revolt The basis can also be deduced from the organization's leading figures.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

These individuals, though, represented the last radical phase of the Lapuan movement.


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

The main persons responsible for the Mäntsälä revolt (27.2.-6 March 1931) were considered: Vihtori Kosola (farmer and peasant, leader of the Lapua Movement) Kurt Martti Wallenius (Major General, General Secretary of the Lapua Movement) Arne Somersalo (Lieutenant Colonel, Editor-in-Chief of Ajan Sanaa magazine, Finnish Former Commander of the Air Force) Paavo Susitaival (Lieutenant Colonel, District Head of Northern Uusimaa Patron District) Artturi Vuorimaa (Lieutenant, Chief Operating Officer of the Mäntsälä Rebellion) Arvo Lindh (former City Viscal of Kokkola, Treasurer of the Lapua Movement) Rafael Haarla (trade advisor, financial supporter of the Lapua Movement) Walde Sario (leader, Mäntsälä insurgency leader and leader of the Lapua movement alongside Wallenius and Kosola) Professor Juha Siltala has mentioned as leading hit-and-ride hitmen and organisers following Lapua movement actives: (In parentheses, the locality of which the person was the leader and organizer of the strike force.)


Question: How do you define a riot?

Lapuan Movement

bank manager Yrjö Nikula (Lapua) Jaakko Muilu (Lapua) Jaakko Muilu (Lapua) deputy judge Ilmari Talvitie (Ilmajoki) businessman Arvo Sihto (Ilmajoki) Detective Central Police Detective Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen (Kokkola) Executive Secretary Vilho Viita (Kokkola) Captain Eino A. Laitakari (Turku) Paavo Markkula (Loimaa) National Coalition MP, peasant Erkki Perheentupa (Loimaa) leader Ahto Sippola (Helsinki) activist, farmer Toivo Pohjala (Pori region) War of Independence President of the Association of Front Men Eino Haarla (Tampere) Secretary of the Association of Front Men of the War of Independence, journalist Eero Rekola (Tampere) Chief of the Kainuu Patron District Major Pauli Kontio (Kajaani) Detective Central Police Detective, Head of Order of Kajaanin Puutavara Oy Albin Tolonen (Kajaani) bank manager Isak Kaitera (Oulu) former Group Vientipeace Principal Agent, Ilmari Takkala (Karstula) former Power League active, activist, innkeeper Einar Sarlin (Viitasaari) activist, peasant Paavo Jauhiainen (Kiuruvesi) veterinarian Aaro Hokkanen (Leppävirta) Member of the Joensuu patron district staff, pharmacist Karl Mannelin (Joensuu) Founder of the Nurmes patron council, organizer of tribal wars, member of district staff, pharmacist Matti Calonius (Nurmes) Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Perälä , Reijo| title = Lapuan Lieutenan| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Historical Society of Northern Finland| year = 1998}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Torsten Edgren, Merja Manninen and Jari Ukkonen| title = Epic, Finnish History Handbook | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-0-27651-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niinistö, Jussi| title = Lapua Movement — Photo history of uprising 1929—1932| location = Helsinki| publisher = NIMOX KY| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| publisher = NIMOX KY| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| | author = Nestori Parkkari| title = Years of Violence: Memoirs in Tammisaari Prison | location = Tampere| publisher = Folk Culture| year = 1961}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikki Ylikangas| title = Finnish History Nodes| publisher = WSOY| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951 -0-32864-4| accessdate = 20.10.2007| page=236}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What is Africa's longest river?

List of rivers of Africa

The list of rivers in Africa includes at least those rivers in Africa that are more than 1,000 km long or have a catchment area exceeding 100,000 km².


Question: What is Africa's longest river?

List of rivers of Africa

Sources Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Category:Rivers of Africa


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Michael Harrison Sweet (born July 4, 1963) is a singer, guitarist and producer.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

He founded Stryper in 1983 along with his older brother Robert Sweet.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Sweet has recorded several gold records with Stryper, as well as the platinum-selling To Hell with the Devil album.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

He has composed and lyrics almost all of Stryper's songs.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Sweet has also forged a solo career starting in 1992.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

He has also served as a Boston gig singer and guitarist, and in the supergroup Sweet & Lynch.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Biography Background Michael Sweet is known for his high, melodic singing voice.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

His vocal range is about three and a half octaves.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Sweet is capable of very high brightening, which she performs both on records and live.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

They feature in songs such as “Soldiers Under Command”, “Makes Me Wanna Sing”, “To Hell with the Devil”, “In God We Trust” and “The Way”.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Sweet began his career as a musician at the age of 5 playing guitar and began singing at the age of 12.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

He also learned to play drums, piano and bass guitar.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Sweet came to the faith in the mid-1970s as a contributor to the TV broadcast of TV evangelist Jimmy Swaggart, may it be that Swaggart condemned the activities of the likes of Stryper in the 1980s [1].


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Stryper's peak years (1983—1991) in the early 1980s, Sweet co-founded a band called Roxx Regime with his brother Robert.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The band started out as a trio and Sweet was the band's only guitarist besides vocal responsibilities.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Later, Oz Fox became the band's second guitarist.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The band members who experienced the Christian revival wanted to consecrate the band for the use of God, at which point they changed their name to Stryper (Salvation Through Redemption, Yielding Peace, Encouragement and Righteousness [2]).


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The band became known as the first Christian metal band to gain great popularity, bringing an alternative to secular and Satanistic lyrics [3].


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Michael Sweet served as the band's vocalist, guitarist and song maker during the peak years of the band's popularity in the 1980s.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In this case, the rest of the band also participated in the song making and Robert Sweet acted as the band's frontman.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The band released five albums, but entering the 90s, the band's popularity began to decline along with other contemporaneous horse bands.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

For a solo career (1992—2000), Michael Sweet left Stryper in 1992 and moved on to a solo career.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

His solo releases represent lighter, Bon Jovi and Bryan Adams-style rock.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

His recorded a demo in 1992, which was later released under the title Unstryped, and included a few of the songs he intended to have been composed for Stryper.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In 1994, Sweet released his first full-length album under the name Michael Sweet.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Three music videos were released from the album for the songs “Ain't No Safe Way”, “All This And Heaven Too” and “Someday”.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Over 300,000 copies of the album were sold.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The next album Real was released in 1995 and it brought Sweet a Dove Award nomination.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The record was degrees more acoustic than the first solo album.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

From her third album, Truth, Sweet first released a demo version in 1998 and a new version with a partially different track list in 2000.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

With this album, Sweet again returned to the rockiest style, approaching Stryper's musical pregnancy level.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Stryper's Return (2000—2005) During the 2000s stage, two Stryper Fair events were held and in 2001 the band was inducted to perform at the popular Christian Cornerstone Fests.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In 2003, Michael Sweet officially made a comeback together with Stryper with the American tour and in 2005 Stryper released a new album Reborn.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Reborn was originally intended as a solo production by Sweet, but the already recorded album was re-recorded for Stryper and released in its name.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

However, the record differed from the style for which Stryper had become known consequently more numetal-influenced rock with guitar solos and harmonious vocals shining in his absence.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Since Stryper's return, Michael Sweet has served as the band's frontman, song maker and producer in addition to vocal contributions and guitar responsibilities.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Sequel to a solo career, Boston and other productions (2006—) Despite the band's return, Sweet has also pursued a solo career, releasing an album Him in 2006 that included re-composed and adapted hymns.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

On this album, Sweet's production was again slightly lighter than previous rock production.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

On an even lighter, classic line, the Touched album (2007), which included renowned love songs in addition to re-adaptations of Stryper ballads.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The record is dedicated to Michael's wife, Kyle Sweet, who was battling ovarian cancer.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In 2007, upon the death of Boston singer Brad Delp, Michael Sweet was asked to sing and play for a memorial/benefit concert.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The concert was supposed to be Boston's last, but Sweet was asked to stay and he served as the gig lineup for his prequel band right up until 2011.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Stryper reverted back to closer to his original style with his Murder by Pride album.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

On this label, Sweet served as the album's producer and song maker, with the exception of the Boston cover song of “Peace of Mind”, which was also released as a single.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In the same year 2009, the band also celebrated its 25th anniversary and the world tour extended all the way to Finland in January 2010.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

2011 Stryper released The Covering, an album in which the band covers songs by their prequel ensembles.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Sweet once again served as the producer of the album.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

2013 was a prolific year for Stryper and Sweet.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The band first released Second Coming, an album containing re-recorded songs from Stryper's most popular records.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In the fall, a new album, No More Hell to Pay, produced by Sweet, appeared, with which Stryper returned to his musical roots.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In November, a further concert was recorded at the legendary Sunset Strip's Whiskey A Go Go gig venue for a CD/DVD release, which was released in 2014.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In 2014, Sweet returned to solo production once again releasing the rockiest I'm Not Your Suicide album, which approximates Stryper's style.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

2015, with former Dokken guitarist George Lynch, he formed the Sweet & Lynch line-up and released the Only to Rise album.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

The band also features former members from White Lion, Megadeth, Whitesnake and Foreigner thus a kind of super band.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Stryper returned with a Fallen album in 2015.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Sweet once again sat in the producer's seat.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

2016 appeared on Sweet's clearly heaviest solo album One Tied War.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

In 2017, Sweet has been working on a new album for both Sweet & Lynch and Stryper.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

He has also served as a producer for a teenage heavy musician girl, Moriah Formica.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Private life Michael Sweet was married to Kyle Sweet and has two children.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Kyle passed away from cancer on March 5, 2009.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

[4] He then married Lisa Champagne (now.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Champagne-Sweet) with.


Question: Which guitarist and songwriter left Bon Jovi in 2013?

Michael Sweet

Releases with Stryper Studio Albums No More Hell to Pay (2013) Fallen (2015) Compilations and live The Roxx Regime Demos (2007) Greatest Hits: Live in Puerto Rico (2007) The Covering (2011) Second Coming (2013) Live at the Whisky ( 2014) Icon (2014) Solo releases Unstryped (1992) Michael Sweet (1994) Real (1996) Truth (demo) (1998) Truth (2000) Him (2006) Touched (2007) I'm Not Your Suicide (2014) One Tied War (2016) Sweet & Lynch releases Only to Rise (2015) Sources On topic Elsewhere Category:American singers Category:American guitarists Category:People born in 1963 Class:Living persons