Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

His works have been translated into an estimated 40 languages [25], including the Seven Brothers into more than 20 languages and the Kullervo play being translated into Chinese.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[26] Selected works of stone have appeared as several institutions, first appearing in 1877—1878.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Otava published in 1969 a trinite selection of Aleksis Kivi's masterpieces illustrated by Erkki Tantu.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[27] In 2010, text-critical editions of Kivi's works began to be published by the Finnish Literature Society.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

The editions are based on research into manuscripts and first editions and other original material.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Attached to the text are an introduction and an extensive commentary section.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

So far, a selection of letters has been published under the direction of Jyrki Nummi and the plays Nummisuutarit and Kullervo.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[28] Commendations National writer Aleksis Kivi's day is celebrated on his birthday on October 10, which is also the day of flagging.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

At the same time, it is also the Day of Finnish Literature and the anniversary of the University of Helsinki University of Southern Finland.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Until the 1960s, it was also a public holiday in Finnish schools.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Seven brothers have had a strong position in Finnish school education.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[2] In memory of the writer and poet, the Aleksis Kiven Society has been founded in 1941.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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The Aleksis Kivi club of Turku has been based in Turku since 1945.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

His birth home in Palojoki, Nurmijärvi, was restored and organized as a museum in 1952.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi's death cottage, purchased by the University of Helsinki Student Union from Albert Stenvall in 1910, can be seen in Tuusula.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

In the cottage you can see the Stone Bible and the deathbed.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[29] There are plaques marking the writer's residence in Katajanokka, the Forum Business Centre and Tapaninkylä in Helsinki.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[30] During their tenement, the Russians dismantled the croft of Fanjunkars in Siuntio, where Kivi wrote the main part of his production.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

New Fanjunkars was inaugurated as a cultural house in 2006.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[31] Since 1953, in Aleksis Kivi's birthplace, Palojoki, Nurmijärvi, a Kivi-Juhti theatre event has been held during the summer, where Kivi's production is performed.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

The performance venue is Stone's childhood playground.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Streets called Aleksis Kivi street can be found in several Finnish cities, including Helsinki Alppiharju and central Tampere.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[32] On the 100th anniversary of Kivi's birth in the Helsinki Alppiharju in 1934, Finland's largest national school was named Aleksis Kivi School.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Today it is a unified elementary school for grades 1-9.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[33] [34] The following films have been made about the life of the stone: [35] I Live, Dir.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Ilmari Unho in 1946.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Aleksis Kivi starred as Rauli Tuomi.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Aleksis Kivi, Dir.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Tapani Itäranta in 1984.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Aleksis Kivi starred as Asko Sarkola.


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The Life of Aleksis Kivi, Dir.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Jari Halonen in 2002.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi was played by Marko Tiusanen.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Harri Saksala has composed and recorded an album of Kivi's poems.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

The Aleksis Kivi album containing eleven works appeared in 1984.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[36] Einojuhani Rautavaara has composed an opera by Aleksis Kivi, which tells stylistically about Kivi's life.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

The opera makes extensive use of both Stone's own texts and that of his opponent August Ahlqvist.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[37] In the Great Finns competition 2004, the stone was voted to ninth place.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[38] Monuments There are a total of 11 statues and monuments of Aleksis Stone.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

No photographs have reportedly survived of him; therefore all sculptures and images made of him are based on drawings.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[39] At the Helsinki Rautatientori, in front of the National Theatre, there is a statue of Aleksis Kivi sculpted by Wäinö Aaltonen in 1939.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

The park in front of Nurmijärvi Library contains a statue sculpted by Aukusti Veuro in 1934.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[7] The stone busts are in the ballroom of the Nurmijärvi Community School and sculpted by Erland Stenberg (1879) at the National Theatre.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Erland Stenberg, who may have known or seen the stone, also designed the writer's grave statue (1877).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[19] In the park of the Old Library Hall in Tampere there is a sculpture of the Poet and the Muse, sculpted by Wäinö Aaltonen, unveiled in 1928.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

A statue of Aleksis Kivi by Wäinö Aaltonen was unveiled in 1949 in front of the former Hotel Phoenix, the main building of the University of Turku, which was reerected in 1962 in front of the theatre building.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[40] There is also a memorial statue of Aleksis Kivi by Wäinö Aaltonen (1930) at the Central Market in Mänttä.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[41] There is a statue of Aleksis Kivi by Alpo and sculpted by Nina Sailo in Hyrylä, Jääkäri Park (1984).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

[42] Works Plays Kullervo (1864).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Lea (published 1869).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Moor Moors (1864).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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The Deserters (1865).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Engagement (1866).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Straw excursion in Schleusingen (1866).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Night and Day (1866).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Leo and Liina (1867).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Canzio (1868).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Margareta (published 1871).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Selma plots.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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Novel of Seven Brothers (1870).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Poetry collection Kanervala (1866) Poems; Short narratives (1916).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

E-book at the Gutenberg Project.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

The Tales of Mountain Trolls.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Story from Nurmijärvi (1864) Eriika (1859) Koto and shackles (1850s) The stories of Aleksis Kivi.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Illustrated by Matti Visanti.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Publishing company Nide Oy, Hämeenlinna (no year of publication).


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Letters (Agricola-Finnish History Network, Finnish Languages Research Centre) Kivi, Aleksis, Letters.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Critical edition.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Ed.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Juhani Niemi (editor-in-chief), Sakari Katajamäki, Ossi Kokko, Petri Lauerma and Jyrki Nummi.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Editorials of the Finnish Literature Society 1386, Science.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Huddersfield: SKS 2012.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

ISBN 978-952-222-390-6 Translations into other languages by Alex Matson, Seven Brothers.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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1st Institution, New York: Coward-McCann, 1929.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

2nd institution, Helsinki: Tammi, 1952.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

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3rd Institution, ed.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Irma Rantavaaran, Helsinki: January, 1973.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Impola, Richard A., Seven Brothers.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

New Paltz, NY: Finnish-American Translators Association, 1991.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Douglas Robinson, Heath Cobblers (Moor Mugglers) and Kullervo.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

St. Cloud, MN: North Star Press of St. Cloud, 1993.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Douglas Robinson, The Brothers Seven.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Bucharest, Romania: Zeta Books, 2017.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Teemu Middleweight| title = Boot Leather Tower| publisher = Bridge| year = 2018| isbn = 978-952-234-497-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Finnish encyclopedia 4, kanar—kar| location = Espoo| publisher = Weilin + Göös| year = 1990| id = ISBN 951-35-4648-9| page = 307-308}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Large persony| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-0-26140-8| page = 336}} Check date values in: |daaccessory te= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aaltonen, Jukka & Lahti, Ilpo & Salminen, Jouko K.| title = Now neither fear nor tremor helps.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi's health, letters, dreams and seven brothers| location = Turku| publisher = Turku Aleksis Kivi -Club| year = 2015| id = ISBN 978-952-93-5532-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Holma Jaakko| title = True or Fable?


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

The museum value and authenticity of Aleksis Kivi's death cottage| publisher = University of Jyväskylä | year = 2011| version = pro gradu| format = [online version] | accessdate = 28.3.2016}} Juutinen, Juha: Birds in Aleksis Kivi's production.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Birdman 4/1985, p.174—181.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ketone, Oiva| title = Destiny Options.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi, August Ahlqvist and the low civic bravery of civilization| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-0-16013-X}} Kinnunen, Aarne: Nummisuutarrit comedy in five acts (1994) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kinnununen En, Aarne| title = Plays by Aleksis Kivi.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Analysis and examination of time flows in light | location = Porvoo Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1967| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kivi, Aleksis| title = Letters.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Critical editio| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2012| version = Editor-in-Chief Juhani Niemi| id = ISBN 978-952-222-390-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lehtonen, J. V.| title = Nurmijärvi's son.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Photos of Aleksis Kivi's life| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1934| id = ISBN 978-951-0-34891-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meri, Veijo| title = Aleksis Stenvall's life| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1975| version = 4th augmented edition (1st edition 1973) | id = ISBN 951-1-10489-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sea, Veijo| title = Elon island here.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi background| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1984| id = ISBN 951-1-07994-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rahikainen, Esko| title = Kivi| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Gummerus| year = 1984| id = ISBN 951-20-| 2525-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rahikainen, Esko| title = Snow-White Cloth.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi and love| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-578-579-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rahikainen, Esko| title = Son of the Forest.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi life| location = Helsing| publisher = Thought | year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-20-6677-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rahikainen, Esko| title = Impivaaran Kaski.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi as a corner| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-952-222-107-0}} Douglas Robinson, Aleksis Kivi and/as World Literature.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Leiden and Boston: Brill.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sihvo, Hannes| title = Living Stone: Aleksis Kivi during his time | location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2002| isbn = 951-746-421-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tarkiainen, Viljo| title = Aleksis Stone.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Life and works| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1984| version = 6th edition (1st edition 1915) | id = ISBN 951-0-12389-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Yli-Paavola, Jaakko & Laaksonen, Pekka (ed.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

) | title = Fireside.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Aleksis Kivi's Society album| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-952-222-135-3}} On the subject elsewhere Free to download Aleksis Kivi e-books from the National Library, and.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

. (The page publishes current writer-related news.)


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

. web publication, Finnish Literature Society, 2007.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Ed.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Sakari Katajamäki, Ossi Kokko and Elina Kela.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

FIN-CLARIN: Finnish Language Resource Infrastructure/CSC — Centre for Science Technology: Kielipankki 2013.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

(A corpus of Aleksis Kivi's letters, works manuscripts and editions published during the writer's lifetime.)


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Material from the Kivifooty seminars organised by the University of Helsinki in Finnish Literature 1999-2002.


Question: When did Aleksis Kivi die?

Aleksis Stone

Category:86.1 General history of literature * Category:Those born in 1834 Category:Those who died in 1872 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Zachris (Zacharias, Z., Sakari) Topelius () was a Finnish writer, poet, journalist, historian and rector of the University of Helsinki.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Zachris Topelius was officially called Zacharias like his father.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

He used the abbreviation Z. or name form Zachris as his first name himself, also in official contexts.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

A Finnised form of Topelius's given name Sakari has also often been used.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Biographer Zachris Topelius was born on Kuddnäs farm near Uuttakaarlepy in 1818.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

His father was Zacharias Topelius the Elder, a physician and collector of folk poetry, and his mother a wealthy merchant daughter Catharina Sofia Calamnius.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

His grandfather was the church painter Mikael Toppelius.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Topelius was a pupil of the Trivial School in Oulu 1829—1832 and matriculated in Helsinki as a private pupil of J. L. Runeberg in 1833.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

He then began his studies at the University of Helsinki, where he was promoted master's in 1840 and doctorate in 1847.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[2] In 1841, Topelius became editor of the “Helsingfors Tidningar” newspaper and the magazine's circulation soon began to rise.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius was in the process of editing the paper until 1860.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

In 1854 he was appointed extraordinary personal professor of Finnish history at the University of Helsinki, in 1863 he became professor of Finnish, Russian and Nordic history, and in 1876 professor of general history, in which post he held until 1878.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

From 1875—1878, Topelius was also rector of the university.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[1] In 1870 he was the founder of Maj Föreningen, Finland's first animal protection association, whose main conservation site was small birds.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[3] Zachris Topelius was married from 1846 until the death of his wife to Maria Emilia Lindqvist (1821—1885), whose father was Isak Lindqvist, a neo-arlepyan merchant and town manager.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

They had six children, Toini, Aina and Eva, Rafael, Michael and Rosa, the latter three of whom died already young.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Known of the children were the writer Toini Topelius and the painter Eva Topelius, later Acke.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Librarian, author Paul Nyberg was the son of Aina Sofia Topelius (1846—1916), the eldest daughter of Topelius.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[4] In 1897, Topelius became a jubilant doctor.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[5] He died on 12 March 1898 at Koivuniemi farm in Östersundom.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[6] Production Topelius was one of the earliest Finnish novelists.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

His work Hertiginnan af Finland, published in 1850 (Finnish. Duchess of Finland, 1874) was the first Finnish historical novel.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Better known, however, is Topelius' historical novel series Fältskärns berättelser (Finnish. Välskär's narratives), which appeared initially as a follow-up story in Helsingfors Tidningar.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

The theme of Värskär's narratives was the long-running power struggle between the nobility and peasants, which promoted the freedom of society.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius wrote poetry from a young age.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

However, most of his juvenile poems were not published in collections, but only in the collection series Samlade skriften, which appeared from 1899 onwards.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius published some of his poems in the Necken Album, but his first collection of poems was Heather Flowers (Ljungblommor, 1845).


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Its second volume appeared in 1850 and a third in 1854.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Topelius is known for his works depicting Finnish landscapes, such as the poem “Kesäpäivä in Kangasalla”, which belongs to the “Songs of Sylvia” series.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

There is also a production of Topelius in “Sparrow Christmas Morning” (Sparven på julmorgonen).


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius contributed to the work of the Hymnal Committee, and for example the hymns En Seek Power for Splendor (Hymn 31) and the Spirit of Truth (hymn 484) are written by him.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

As a journalist, Topelius wrote much also for women and children.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

He is remembered as a “fairy tale uncle” because he wrote educational and popular children's fairy tales.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius presented the children as brisk and initiative.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

His pedagogy represented neo-humanism, which emphasized the building of positive character.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius took issue with fragments of diffuse knowledge, negativity and cynicism.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius authored two elementary education textbooks, the Book of Nature (1860) and the Book of Our Country (1875).


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Thinking Topelius learned Finnish while studying in trivial school and, as a journalist, urged mothers to teach their children Finnish.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius believed that Finnish culture became predominantly Finnish-speaking, but he also stressed the historical and cultural importance of Swedish heritage and Swedish language in Finland.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Topelius's historical novels emphasize patriotism, religion, and a society that requires social classes to cooperate in harmony.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius's conception of history originated from G. W. F. Hegel.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

He held that Providence guided the course of history, while Hegel again viewed reason as guiding it.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snout?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius thought history was the history of peoples, in which each nation sought to become aware of their vocation and create a state for themselves.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

[7] Honours As is often the case for senior professors, Topelius was awarded the Second Class Cross of the Order of St. Anna in 1877.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

He was granted the rank of Privy Councillor in 1878, which was usual for one-term principals.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

The Swedish Academy awarded Topelius two prizes and he was also awarded a few honorary memberships, including to the Society of Finnish Literature.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

However, neither the Finnish Science Society nor the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences elected him as their member.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland did not accept Topelius as an honorary member until late.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius himself felt that he did not receive enough appreciation from his contemporaries.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

It was not until his 80th birthday celebrations and especially at the grand funeral that followed the celebrations that soon followed.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Statues and monuments have been erected in honour of Topelius.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

A grave statue carved by Walter Runeberg towards Valo was erected on Topelius' grave grave at Hietaniemi Cemetery (V21-12-3) in 1905.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Funds for the grave monument had been obtained through a civic collection organised by the Finnish Women's Association.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

A statue sculpted by sculptor Emil Wikström, showing Topelius surrounded by children, was unveiled in Vaasa in 1915.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Funds for the statue of “fairy tale uncle” came mainly as donations from Vaasa schoolchildren.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

[8] Topelius also wanted to have a statue in the capital, and Svenska litteratursällskapet started raising funds for the project in 1908.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

This resulted in one of Finland's most famous statue controversies, in which adherents of traditional-looking realism and modern monument art were contrasted.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Sculptor Ville Vallgren sculpted a realistic memorial statue in which Topelius is depicted surrounded by children in the manner of the statue of Vaasa, and offered it to both Litteratursällskapet and the City of Helsinki.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

However, these were unwilling to take on the sculpture.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

In 1929, Litteratursällskapet held a memorial competition which was won by Gunnar Finne's proposal for Fairy Tale and Truth.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Finne's sculpture was more modernist than Vallgren's: it was not a statue of sight of Topelius, but depicted two allegorical nude female figures.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Finne's sculpture generated fierce opposition among people who preferred Vallgren's realistic Topelius, and a popular movement quickly emerged around the writer Maila Talvio, who acquired the funds to erect a statue of Vallgren in Helsinki.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Because of this, two statues commemorating Zachris Topelius were unveiled in 1932 in Helsinki: Vallgren's Realist Topelius and the Children in the School Puistikko and Finne's Symbolist Fable and Truth in the Esplanade Park.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

[8] Topeliuksenkatu is named after Topeliuksenkatu in Töölö, Kokkola and Lohja, Topeliuksentie in Mikkeli and Topeliuksenpuistikko in Uussakaarlepyy.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

The Topelius study of Zachris Topelius has been published numerous biographies.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

The most extensive and notable is the six-volume Zacharias Topelius: Hans lif och skaldegärning (1912—1930) written by his pupil, literary scholar Valfrid Vasenius.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius' grandson Paul Nyberg, who organised his grandfather's literary estate in the National Library into the Topelius Collection, published his diaries under the name Zacharias Topelius dagböcker (1918—1924) and selections of his correspondence under the name Konstnärsbrev (1956—1960), as well as the biographer Zachris Topelius: En biografisk skildring (1949).


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

There have also been a large number of historical and literary scholarly specialised studies published on Topelius, such as Matti Klinge's Idyll and the Menace: The Ideas and Politics of Topelius (1998).


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius' compiled works have been published twice, first in Swedish from 1904 to 1907 and then in Finnish from 1929 to 1939.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

These series of works, however, include only Topelius's works of fiction, not, for example, his newspaper writings, diaries, or correspondence.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland launched the Zacharias Topelius skrifter edition in 2005, which aims to publish “literary works and other literary estate as comprehensively as possible”.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

The edition is digital and freely available, and some of the material is also published in print.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

By autumn 2017, eight volumes of the edition have been published.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

[9] Works The Hunting of Charles the King (Kung Karls jakt) Princess of Kypro (Princess af Cypern) My book of insanity pamphlets (Blad ur min tänkebok) Readings for children (Läsning för barn), including fairy tales: The Pearl of Adalmina Birch and the Star (Björken och stjärnan) Sampo Lappalainen Nature Book (Naturens bok) Our country book (Boken om vårt land) Traveling in Finland (En resa i Finland) Old Baron of Rautakylä (Gamla baron på Rautakylä) Regina von Emmeritz Sylvia's songs: Summer day in Kangasa (En sommardag i Kangasala) Sylvia's Christmas Carol (En sommardag i Kangasala) Sylvias hälsning från Sicilien) Winter Evening Stories (Vinterqvällar — listed below have also appeared as separate books) King's Glove (Kungens handske) Linnainen Manor Green Chamber (Gröna kammaren i Linnais gård) Duchess of Finland (Hertiginnan af Finland) safeties (Planeternas skyddslingar, later Stjärnornas kungabarn) Välskär narratives (Fältskärns berättelser) Simeon Levis resa i Finland framställdt i teckningar Bride and other horror novelties, Faros 2013 Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Klinge, Matti| title= Idyll and Threat: Topelius Ideas and Policy| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-0-22952-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mazzarella, Merete| title = No longing, not sadness: The day Zacharias Topelius| publisher = January| year = 2009| id = ISBN 951-31-4758-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tiitta, Allan| title = Land of Grey Stone: Zacharias Topelius and Geography of Finland| location = Helsinki | publisher = Finnish Science Society | year = 1994| version = Bidrag till kännedom av Finland natur och folk, 147| id = ISBN 951-653-273-X}} On the topic elsewhere in Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

(in Swedish) Freely downloadable e-books by Zacharias Topelius National Library Referenced 9.4.2008.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

(in Swedish) Booksampo.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

375 humanists as of June 20, 2015.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

University of Helsinki.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

Enni Mustonen: “Shepherd Girl”.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

A novel about a maid girl who served Zachris Topelius in his old age days mainly in Koivuniemi.


Question: When did Zachris Topelius snit?

Zachris Topelius

* Category:Those born in 1818 Class:Those who died in 1898 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding is “the connection of parts with each other by using heat and/or compression so that the parts form a continuous connection.” [1] Electric current, friction heat, flame, laser beam or electron beam may be used as a heat source.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In welding, an additive with a melting temperature approximately the same as the base material may be used.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The main difference between welding and soldering is that when soldering, only the soldering, that is, the connecting material melts, but the pieces to be joined do not.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding is used in the manufacture of new products and repairs of various types of damage.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding can also be used to coat pieces with thick layers of matter.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Typical repair welding applications include welding various rips and cracks and repairing casting defects.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Common applications in the manufacture of new products include the joints and fabrication of various plates, pipes, beams.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Various alloys such as aluminum, steels, as well as thermoplastic plastics can be welded.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The weldability of materials such as steels [2] varies due to various reasons.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Some materials such as titanium oxidize very easily and require particularly good protection against oxygen contained in the air.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Other materials such as cast iron again result in hard-to-control internal changes.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Strong thermal expansion of the material complicates welding by most methods.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding generates changes in the material structure of the piece in the vicinity of the weld, for example stress states and deformations.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The welds themselves may be left with harmful defects, such as imperfections in penetration or form, or various pores and inclusions created by impurities.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

History of welding Already in the tombs of the ancient Egyptians, artifacts and vessels have been found, parts of which are connected to each other by silver casing.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

These solders are the first known metal interconnections.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Also welding is the old method of joining.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Among other things, swords have been found with a harder blade part connected by supercharger welding to a softer body section.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In the 19th century, other types of splicing were developed; Russian Nikolai Bernados developed what is known as carbon arc welding in 1882, in which an arc created between two electrodes was used to make the metal melt for union.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The method was used to join pieces along with riveting.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

[3] In the 20th century, methods have been developed that have led to the development of modern welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Flow welding In melt welding methods, the additive and basic matter melt and join each other as a melt and solidify as they cool to their final form.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The heat required to generate a weld melt is produced by an arc, gas flame or chemical reaction.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In melting processes, welding is almost always welded using an additive that fills the welding gap together with the base material melted from the edges of the slit.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Arc welding Arc welding methods include MIG/MAG, TIG, knitting, plasma, powder arc and gas arc mold welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Depending on the method, the advantages of arc welding include the affordability, availability and portability of the equipment.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

With arc welding, all major metals can be welded.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

With arc welding, relatively small heat dissipation and narrow weld are achieved.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Beam Welding Beam Welding Radius welding refers to welding by heat generated by a high-energy beam.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In welding, electron beams or laser beams are used.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The advantages of these welding methods are low heat dissipation and thus low welding stresses and deformations.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

On the other hand, a narrow weld requires precise slit preparation and beam alignment, and in addition, the equipment required for beam welding is expensive.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In addition to conventional melt-only welding, welding can be done as diagonal welding, thanks to the high energy density achieved by beam.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

With the help of piercing welding, large material strengths can be welded while the gap remains narrow.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In particular, electron beam welding allows for a large intrusion.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Beam welding is practically always done by computer-controlled equipment and around the welding space there are shields to prevent rays from entering the working environment.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Gas welding In gas welding, the heat required to melt the substance being welded is provided by a gas flame.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Another function of a gas flame is to protect the weld from the oxidizing effect of air.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Most often, acetylene is used as a combustible gas, with which oxygen is mixed in the welding torch to enhance combustion.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Gas flames become hotter when combustion is enhanced by pure oxygen.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Gas welding requires gas cylinders, pressure regulators, backlash and rear fire guards, hoses, welding whistle and additive wire, as well as appropriate protective equipment.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Termite welding Termite welding is still used today when connecting track rails.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Termite welding belongs to cast welding methods, in which the parts to be joined are cast adhering to each other.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The method involves mixing iron oxide (hematite) and aluminum powder with each other and igniting the mixture.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The reaction lasts 15—25 seconds, after which the result is molten steel protected by molten aluminium slag.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The reaction occurs in a welding gap, the flanks of which melt into the weld.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

To ensure a uniform connection between the molten and the base material (here the ends of the rails), preheat the base material near the weld approx.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

To 1000°C.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Compression welding Resistance welding In resistance welding, an electric current is passed through a point to be connected by two electrodes.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The pieces to be joined heat up and are strongly pressed against each other from the joint site.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Joining occurs when the connecting points are in a voluptuous state.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Resistance welding is most often used when welding thin sheets.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Resistance welding makes it quick and easy to connect, for example, sheet metal parts of car body or electrical equipment bodies together.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Resistance welding methods include point, hand, wafer, stamp and butt welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Super-welding Super-welding is also known as wicker welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

It is the oldest known welding method.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In supercharge welding, metal pieces are heated in perfume and forged together.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

However, the welding temperature is significantly higher than the usual forging temperature, typically between 50 and 90 percent of the melting temperature of the pieces.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Friction welding Friction welding is traditionally used to connect shafts and rods.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The necessary heat is provided by pressing the connecting surfaces opposite each other and rotating them relative to each other.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Connecting surfaces heated to soft weld together when strongly pressed against each other.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Friction welding is solid-state welding, that is, the materials to be joined do not melt during welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In 1994, a new friction welding process, friction welding with a rotary tool or friction pin welding, was patented.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

[4] Other names are FS welding or FSW welding,).


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In this welding, a rotating tool with a profiled tip section rotates and slowly penetrates into the gap between two pieces to be joined.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The pieces to be joined must be firmly against each other, since the place of the gap should not change during welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The welding heat is generated by the friction heat between the wear-resistant tool and the welded pieces, as well as from the deformation heat generated especially in the strong plastic shaping of welded pieces.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Tracks soften, but do not melt.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Joining occurs under the influence of solid state diffusion in the material between the tool and the resistor, under pressure and temperature (Fig.)


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The joint cools behind the tool and forms a weld.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The advantages include: neither additive nor protective gas, easy slit manufacturing, versatile joint implementation possibilities, non-existent flabby (welding deformation), excellent joint characteristics, high dimensional accuracy, working environmental friendliness, repeatability and suitability for serial production.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Friction welding is especially suitable for welding soft materials such as aluminum and copper.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The most it is applied to aluminum welding, for example, the connection of extrusions to each other in the manufacture of larger panels.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Other welded aluminum products include casings, rims, tanks and frames.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

A typical material thickness to be welded on one piece is about 2 to 20 millimeters.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Thicker plates can be welded with two pods, a pod on each side.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The thinnest material thicknesses welded by the method have been 0.3 mm and the thickest material thicknesses welded with one piece have been 50 mm.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Explosive welding Explosive welding involves connecting plates to each other by the pressure generated by the explosion.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Different pair joints, such as steel-aluminium, can also be used to manufacture explosive welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Other Separate Welding Processes Ultrasonic Welding Ultrasonic welding utilizes longitudinal waves vibrating in the ultrasonic range to transfer energy to the weld.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Ultrasound is produced using a PZT vibrator based on the piezoelectric phenomenon, into which high-frequency electricity is pied from the inverter.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The resulting mechanical vibration causes rapid heating of welding surfaces.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Due to it and the compressive force applied to the pieces, the material of the connecting surfaces of the pieces melts and a uniform weld is achieved, which often has the same strength as the base material.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Ultrasonic welding can be used for welding plastics, ceramics and metals.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The method is also suitable for joining metals of different melting temperatures.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Typical applications are components in the electrical and electronics industries.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Ultrasonic welding of plastics is best suited for thermoplastic plastic grades.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The most typical users of ultrasonic welding are the electronics, automotive and packaging industries, as well as plaything manufacturers.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Plastic Welding The most typical plastics to be welded are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP).


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

When welding plastic, the pieces (and any filler) are first heated to a specific welding heat specific to the type of plastic.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding occurs as the material cools under welding pressure.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Butt Welding In butt welding, two pieces of plastic (typically a tube) are welded together by first heating the purified pipe ends against a hot plate and immediately pressing them together.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The welding pressure is usually maintained hydraulically.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

For example, butt welding is used to connect long plumbing pipes from parts at the site.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Pipes to be butt welded can be quite thick (e.g. 800 mm), resulting in correspondingly long pressures and compression times used for welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Hot Air Welding In hot air welding, plastic pieces are fastened together by heating them with hot air and feeding a filler wire to the heated site.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Hot air welding is used, for example, in the repair and fittings of the outer shells of district heating pipes (typically polyethylene).


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Extruder Welding In extruder welding, plastic pieces are fastened together as in hot air welding, but instead of welding wire, the filler is the filler mass formed by the extruder device.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Extruders make the filler mass usually from welding wire, sometimes also plastic granulate.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The extruder provides a thicker welding seam than hot-air welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Hybrid Welding Hybrid welding is understood as combining two or more welding processes in the same process.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Mig Laser Hybrid Welding This combines deep penetration and effective additive yield.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

MIG laser hybrid welding has been studied at VTT for several years and is used for example in shipyard plate lines and in the automotive industry.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

It is suitable for machine welding of medium thickness materials.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

TIG plasma hybrid welding In pipe manufacturing, TIG plasma burners are commonly used.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Like a laser, plasma provides good penetration and the TIG head is preheated or post-leveled plasma weld.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Tandem welding This resembles hybrid welding, but here there are more burners of the same welding process connected sequentially.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Tandem MIG/MAG welding and powder arc tandem are typical examples.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In pipe manufacturing, TIG tricathode burners are used, i.e. it is connected, for example, three TIG burners in a row.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding Automation CNC Welding and Welding Robot CNC (, Computerized Numerical Control) -controlled welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

There are two species of robots: articulated arm and portal type.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The articulated arm robot often resembles a human arm and has an actual welding instrument attached to its end.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

With welding robots, MIG/MAG, point or laser welding is often performed.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding robots are used, among other things, in automotive body point and laser welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Today, the development of welding automation is the most important factor in improving productivity.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The most important for automation are the reproducibility and uniform quality of welding.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Against the background of the factors, there are many parameters that must be adapted to the respective welding event.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In welding, it is also possible to use a robot as an assistant.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In this case, the robot handles the workpiece to be welded, bringing the welding slit within reach of the welder and after welding stacks the part-finished piece for further transmission.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Such flexible cooperation is also possible when seeking efficiency improvements.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Occupational Safety The welder has a number of health risks.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

When welding, hot bodies are treated, which can cause even severe burns.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

They can be avoided by observing care, as well as wearing leather gloves and other protective clothing.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Sparks often fly at the welding site, from which it is necessary to protect yourself both for convenience and safety.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

At worst, a spark that has reached the ear or eye can cause loss of vision or hearing.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The arc generates bright light and emits UV radiation.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

For these reasons, the welder's equipment includes a mask with shaded glass and clothing that protects the skin from UV radiation.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Clothing must be of low-flammable, non-melting material, which excludes most man-made fibres.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Clothing should also be protected from UV radiation.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Various very heat-conducting jewellery or watches can cause burns when fever comes into contact with welding splashes or weld seam.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

When welding, the most diverse gases are generated.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The gases may come from the material to be welded, from welding additives, or from impurities in the pieces to be welded.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Inhalation of gases can cause various respiratory symptoms or metal fever, among other things.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Therefore, when welding, it is worth taking care of good ventilation.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Often, a powerful vacuum cleaner is arranged near the welding site.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Sometimes it is worth using even a fresh air mask, an overpressure face mask, into which clean air is introduced.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Electricity is often used in welding, which poses an occupational safety risk.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

High currents also cause strong magnetic fields, which has been suspected to be the reason that welders and others exposed to magnetic fields in their work have a higher risk of developing ALS [5].


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Faulty welding equipment is also a hazard factor.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

There have been several fatalities in Finland where a dangerous voltage between the electrodes has formed in welding instruments used in damaged or incorrect conditions.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

In particular, ESAB's Bantam - also known as the so-called bat transformer (Bantam - Batman) is infamed for damage so that the mains voltage can enter the welding electrode.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Leaking gas or failure of a gas cylinder can also cause a serious accident.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

Welding jobs are gunwork for which a fire work permit is required if not carried out at an appropriate fire workplace.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The welding positions are: foot position, horizontal position, law position, upright upward position, upright position down, lower small position, upper small position.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

When welding pipes, the various positions are: rotating horizontal tube (foot position), fixed vertical tube (horizontal position), fixed horizontal tube (upright position), fixed horizontal tube (upright position), inclined tube (upright upward), rotating horizontal tube (lower wether position), rotating horizontal tube (lower small position) lower pitch position), fixed vertical tube (lower small position), fixed vertical tube (upright position), fixed horizontal tube (upright position), fixed horizontal tube (upright position).


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The most common welding position is the foot position, where the welder is above the seam to be joined and looks down.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

The foot position is the fastest and safest welding position.


Question: When was TIG welding invented?

Welding

[6] See also Welder Soldering Kemppi, welding equipment manufacturer Sources On topic elsewhere Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Antero Kyröläinen and Juha Lukkari| title = Stainless steels and their welding| location = Helsinki| publisher = MET| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-817-794-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lepola, Pertti; Makkonen, Matti| title = Welding Techniques and Steel Structures| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| id = ISBN 978-951-27150-8-2}} * Category:Metal industry Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Nagorno-Karabakh War was a conflict in the Nagorno-Karabakh region inhabited by Armenians within Azerbaijan between 1992 and 1994.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[1] It originated in 1988 after the Nagorno-Karabakh region decided by referendum to become part of Armenia, which was not accepted by the then Azerbaijan Soviet Republic and the Soviet Union.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[1] The conflict first resulted in violent contacts between the Armenians and Azeri people of the mountainous region.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[1] Persecutions against Armenians occurred in Sumqayıt, among others, in 1988.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[2] In 1990, unrest moved to Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, where the Armenians were attacked and the unrest was finally violently broken off by the Soviet Union with army force.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[3] Into a large-scale war, the conflict turned in 1992, when the Armenians took over the town of Xocalı in Nagorno-Karabakh.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[1] Nagorno-Karabakh declared itself an independent state in 1991, but has not been internationally recognised.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The two sides agreed a ceasefire in May 1994.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

No actual peace has ever been concluded; the conflict is in a frozen state.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[3] Background Nagorno-Karabakh was long ruled by Armenian princes known by the title of melik, who managed to maintain partial autonomy often even when during history the rest of Armenian territory was ruled by outsiders.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Armenians are Christian, but also Muslim history in the region goes back to at least the 16th century, when the region was ruled by Safavid Persia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Christians typically lived in their fields, while Muslim nomads used the area as summer pastures for their cattle, normally moving lower from the mountains when winter came.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Because of this movement, the population of the region must have been historically Muslim majority in summer and Christian in winter.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Nagorno-Karabakh ended up under the Russian Empire in 1805.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[4] After the upheavals of the early 20th century, Bolsheviks rose to power in Russia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The situation before the Nagorno-Karabakh War was the result of their decisions regarding the administration of the region.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In 1921, it was decided to make Nagorno-Karabakh part of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The decision was influenced by, among other things, Turkish support for Azerbaijan, as well as economic reasons.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Azerbaijan was to create a unified territory so that nomads would not have to cross the border with the Soviet republics when moving their cattle between the highlands and lowland pastures.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

However, an autonomous region within Azerbaijan was created for Armenians and its borders were drawn so that the vast majority of its population were Armenians.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

There was only one major Azeri population centre in the area, the town of Şuşa.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The border was also drawn so that the autonomous region did not share a border with the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

From Armenia, the region was separated by Red Kurdistan.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Later, when war broke out, one of the Armenians' main goals was to establish a border link with Armenia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[4] During the Soviet era Nagorno-Karabakh was a peripheral region.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In 1945, 1965 and 1977, petitions were made by Armenians to annex the region to Armenia, but no attention was paid to them.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

At the same time, the composition of the population of the region little quietly changed in favor


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In 1926, there were 117000 Armenians and 13000 Azeri in the region.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In 1979, the corresponding figures were 123000 and 37000.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Armenians who had little career prospects in Azerbaijan often moved outside the region to Armenia or Russia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

At the same time, the Azeri migrated to the villages and towns of the region.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[4] Conflict escalates In February 1988, the Nagorno-Karabakh region became the first region of the Soviet Union to directly defy the power of the central government.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

On 20 February, the Armenian representatives of the local council decided to submit a request to the central government for the annexation of Nagorno-Karabakh into Armenia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Politburo did not approve the request, but a development began in which several different regions of the Soviet Union began to empower the councils that served as their administrative bodies, when they had previously been seen only as rubber stamps.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Karabakh issue had now also emerged into the politics of the day.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

A factory that made parts for electronic devices, located in Stepanakert, the capital of Nagorno-Karabakh, staged the Soviet Union's first strike in nearly 70 years.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The strike slowed or halted production of radios and televisions at other factories elsewhere in the Soviet Union.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

On 18 February, a demonstration in favour of environmental issues had begun in the Armenian capital Yerevan.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Initially it gathered only a few hundred protesters, but as the situation in Karabakh emerged, the number of protesters began to increase daily and the demonstration became nationalistic in nature.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

On February 25, more than 1 million people took part in the protests, or about a quarter of the total population of the Soviet Republic.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The local Communist Party lost its grip and power began to shift to the newly formed Karabakh Committee, whose leader Levon Ter-Petrosjan soon began to raise other political issues besides the situation in Karabakh.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[5] As tensions grew in Karabakh in February, hundreds of Azeris left southern Armenia for Azerbaijan because of threats.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

They were stationed in the town of Sumqayıt on the shores of the Caspian Sea.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Anti-Armenian protests took place in the city and on 28 February a mob began attacking the homes of Armenians in the city.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Soviet troops did not manage to restore order until 20 hours later, by which time 26 Armenians and 6 Azeri had already been killed.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The city's 14,000 Armenians fled the city.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In Armenia, the events began to be called a new genocide and the secrecy of the Soviet authorities and the lack of investigation into the events further increased the incendiary anger.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Armenians now also began to leave the rest of the country for Armenia and accordingly Azeris migrated from Armenia to Azerbaijan.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The events of Sumqayıt recurred in events in Baku on 13 January 1990 that came to be known as Black January.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Azi protesters, accompanied by refugees from Armenia, attacked Armenians in the city and more than 90 persons were killed.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Politburo decided to send the army to restore order and tanks entered the city at midnight on 20 January.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Army troops fired on civilians and some locals returned fire.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

By the time the events ended, 120 Bakuis and 21 soldiers had died.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Although Soviet troops again succeeded in restoring order, bloodshed led to demonstrations and thousands publicly burned their party membership books.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[5] In the summer of 1991, Soviet troops and Azerbaijani police attempted to restore order in Nagorno-Karabakh, leading to even more small-scale clashes with Armenians.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

An attempted coup in Moscow in August left a power vacuum for which the Armenians were better equipped than the Azeri.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Azerbaijan declared independence on 30 August, but former party leaders such as the country's first president, Ayaz Mütəllibov, remained in power.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Armenia, on the other hand, had already elected a government formed from outside the Soviet Union's first Communist Party in 1990 under the leadership of Levon Ter-Petrosjan.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The country held a breakthrough referendum on independence on 21 September and Ter-Petrosjan was elected the country's first president on 16.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

on October.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[5] Nagorno-Karabakh had now become part of the internationally recognized state of Azerbaijan.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Armenia did not want to give up the territory, but neither did it want to be accused of taking over the territory of another independent state.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Thus, the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh declared independence.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Although Armenia did not officially recognize the country either, it nevertheless effectively controlled its administration and army.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Boris Yeltsin tried to broker a peace agreement between the two sides in the spring of 1991, but the attempts tapered when a helicopter carrying Azerbaijani officials was shot down.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

After the events, a vote was held in Baku to abolish Nagorno-Karabakh autonomy and Stepanakert was renamed Xankənd.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh responded by holding a referendum on independence on 10 December.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In a vote boycotted by the Azeri, 99% of those who voted voted for independence.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

When still the Soviet Union was officially dissolved on 31 December war was inevitable.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[5] Armed Forces During the Soviet period, many Armenians had been active in the Soviet army and there were persons with military experience on the Armenian side.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Like other Muslim minorities in the Soviet Union, the Azeri were not normally assigned any duties other than the rear front.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Azerbaijani armed forces were also more fragmented and many units were more loyal to their commanders than to the state.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

At the beginning of the war, two militias, Aramo and Arabo, fought on the Armenian side, especially the latter of whom were subsequently accused of carrying out massacres.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[6] Armenia has denied its military involvement in the war, but did not deny that Armenian volunteers may have operated in the region.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

However, according to a study published by Human Rights Watch in December 1994, troops of the Armenian regular army fought on the Armenian side of Karabakh.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[7] Fighters from outside the countries also fought in the forces of both sides of the war, such as, for example, Chechen Šamil Basayev and Monte Melkonian, a US-born Monte Melkonian of Armenian background, who subsequently gained the reputation of a national hero in Armenia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

They were irrelevant to the settlement of the war.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

A bigger role in the war played by Russia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

As the Soviet Union broke up, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian soldiers who had served in military units stationed there remained in the Caucasus.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Like mercenaries, they operated on the side of both sides, for example, driving tanks, using field artillery and flying aircraft.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The allocation of former Soviet military equipment between the states that had detached from it was agreed in Tashkent in May 1992.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

During the Soviet period, Azerbaijan had more military units deployed and had access to more equipment under the agreement.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In late 1992, official Russian policy turned against Azerbaijan, seen as anti-Russian, and on the side of Armenia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

According to Ter-Petrosjan, during the war, Russia supplied weapons to the Armenians in such a way as to equalize the material superiority of the Azeri.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[6] War Battles for Nagorno-Karabakh The first phase of the war was fought over control of several different small areas in Nagorno-Karabakh.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Azeris attempted to subdue Stepanakert with Grad rockets and the Armenians shelled the Azeri controlled Şuşa.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

A more important goal for the Armenians, however, was the recapture of the village of Xocalı, and thus the only airport in the region.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Armenians attacked during the night 25—26.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

February and they were backed by ripples of the former Soviet armor regiment.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

There were only about 160 Azeri defending the village and in the morning they and the civilians withdrew from the village.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Crowds of people in retreat were shelled and 485 persons were killed in the worst massacre of the war.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Mütəllibov first tried to silence the news of the massacre, but as the information leaked into the public domain he was forced to resign.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Thousands of Azeris now volunteered to join the army.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The reputation of the Armenians suffered due to the massacre, but they could now bring replenishment to the area by air from Armenia.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Their next target was Şuşa.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Originally built because of its good defensive positions, the city fell relatively quickly on the 8th—9th.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

May after a battle that claimed 300 lives.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Although the city suffered only minor damage in the battle, it was set on fire by the Armenians after taking over.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The city still has only a fraction of its pre-war population.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Another major loss to the Azeri was the city of Laçın, which they abandoned as the Armenians advanced.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The takeover of the city now united Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia, making it even easier for the replenishment to arrive.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[6] Fighting over the border with Armenia, the Azeris were able to assemble themselves in the summer of 1992.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Mütəllibov was succeeded by Əbülfəz Elçibəy, elected in June 1992.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

He launched an Azeri offensive and the Azeri took Šahumjan District north of Nagorno-Karabakh and thereafter advanced further into the northern parts of Nagorno-Karabakh.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

However, in early 1992 previous gains were rendered empty by conflicts within the country.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The country's defence minister Rasim Gaziev and Colonel Suret Husseinov began planning a coup and pulled men from the front, while leaving Kəlbəcər District between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh undefended.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In April 1993, Armenians invaded the area and overran it within days.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Several hundred refugees who left the area, much of them Kurds, perished as they fled across the mountains.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

After the takeover of Kəlbəcər, Turkey, which supplied grain to Armenia, closed its border with Armenia in support of Azerbaijan.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The United Nations pushed through Resolution 822 demanding an end to the clashes and, even more separately, the withdrawal of Armenians from Kəlbəcər and other territories recaptured from Azerbaijan.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[6] The Azeri counterattack Azerbaijani internal problems escalated after Colonel Husseinov's forces began a rebellion on 4 June, having first taken control of the outfitting of the withdrawn Russian parachute division at Gəncən.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In two weeks, Elçibəy had fled the capital Baku.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In the four confusing months that followed, the Azeri suffered considerable losses on the battlefield.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Armenians took Ağdam, Füzul, Cəbrayıl and Qubadlı.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The country's parliament invited veteran politician Heydər Əliyev to help, who orchestrated the vote that ousted Elçibəy in parliament and rose to become president himself on 3 October with a 98.3% vote catch, which was unlikely to be achieved honestly.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Əliyev disbanded several army units and arrested their commanders.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

He had thus gotten rid of his potential adversaries, but the problem now lay in creating new units.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

For two months he held secret negotiations with Robert Kocharyan, leader of the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh, but at the same time also prepared reforms of his army.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In December 1993, the Azeri began their winter offensive and the fighting was now bloodier than in the war before.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

During December and May of the following year, the Azeris lost about 4000 men and the Armenians about 2000.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The bloodiest single clash of the war took place north of Kəlbəcər.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

After the failed attack, the Azeri withdrew and about 1500 of them were killed by Armenian cannon fire.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The forces of both sides were now exhausted and this is how peace talks became possible.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[6] Ceasefire The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, or OSCE, had established the Minsk Conference, comprising 49 of its Member States, in spring 1992.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Its original idea was to hold a peace conference in Minsk, the capital of newly independent Belarus.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

As fighting, despite the plans, continued, the Minsk Conference became a Minsk group comprising nine states.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The group's peace pledges were poorly managed during the war and the group's Russian and Western diplomats soon began to compete with each other.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Russian envoy Vladimir Kazimirov negotiated the ceasefire agreement, which came into force on 12 May 1994, practically without the help of other members of the Minsk Group.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Under Kazimirov's original plan, in support of the ceasefire, a 1,000-man-strong Russian peacekeeping force would have been deployed at the forefront of Karabakh.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The defense minister of Azerbaijan refused to sign this point of the agreement.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

However, the ceasefire eventually held despite a shortage of peacekeepers.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[6] There is no definitive peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan and intermittent border skirmishes continued to occur [8].


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The consequences of the Nagorno-Karabakh War left behind a large number of refugees.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

According to Human Rights Watch, a total of 750000—800,000 were forced to leave their homes in Nagorno-Karabakh, Armenia and Armenian-occupied Azerbaijan territories between 1988 and 1994.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

All 40,000 Azeri living in Nagorno-Karabakh before the war had been forced to leave by mid-1992.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In May—June 1992, about 30,000 Azerbaijanis, a large number of them of Kurdish backgrounds, went on the exodus from the Laçın region taken by Armenians.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The largest number of refugees emerged as Armenians conquered the Azeri regions surrounding Karabakh, such as Kəlbəcər, Ağdam, Füzul, Cəbrayıl and Qubadlı on the 1993 side.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

An estimated 450000-500,000 refugees left these areas.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[7] In Azerbaijan, refugees were settled in temporary housing such as schools, tent camps and even disused train cars.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

The process of settling refugees into better facilities has been slow and the last refugee camps were closed only in 2007.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[6] Most Armenians who left Azerbaijan to become refugees left before the outbreak of the actual war due to anti-Armenian riots between 1988 and 1991.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

In total, about 350,000 of them left the country.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

During the war, the Azeri invasion of northern parts of Nagorno-Karabakh in June 1992 caused the refugee of about 40000 persons.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Most of this area was later recaptured by the Armenians and those who left their homes could return.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[7] The victory of the war brought power to Karabakh politicians and Armenian generals.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Initially influential in Nagorno-Karabakh, Robert Kocharyan became a war hero and rose to become prime minister of Ter-Petrosjan-ruled Armenia in 2007.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

He and his supporters had a harder line on Nagorno-Karabakh than Ter-Petrosjani, who was trying to push through a peace deal.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Ter-Petrosjan resigned in February 1998 and Kocharja rose to be elected president a month later.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

[9] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thomas de Wall| title= The Caucasus - An Introduction| publisher = Oxford Univeristy Press| year = 2010| id=ISBN 978-0-19-539976-9| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: What were the losses of the Nagorno-Karabakh War?

Nagorno-Karabakh War

References on the topic elsewhere Category:93 History of Asia Category:History of Armenia Category:History of Azerbaijan Category:War of the 20th Century Category:1980s Class:1990s War


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

This is a list of the 100 largest lakes in Finland by area.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

The list is based on lists published by the Environmental Administration “Lakes of Finland over” and “Lakes of Finland 20—40 square kilometers”.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

Finland has lakes and ponds of at least five acres in size.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

Of these, there are ponds less than an acre in size.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

The lakes have an area of more than one square kilometer, more than ten square kilometers 326 and more than one hundred square kilometers 46.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

There are 17 large lakes in Finland, more than any other European country except Russia, but the lakes are relatively shallow.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

All the waters in Finland's lakes could fit, for example, in Vättern, Sweden.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

[1] [2] The stars are the backs of Saimaa (Iso-Saimaa), which are in strait contact with each other and whose surfaces are almost the same height.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

Because of this, they are sometimes considered a single Great Lake, but due to the narrowness of the straits, among other things, the Ministry of the Environment has counted them as their own lakes.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

In the same way, for example, the following multi-basin waters at the same height could be read as one Suurlake: Iso-Kalla (Kallavesi, Suvasvesi, Juurusvesi, Riistavesi and Muuruvesi), area Kitkajärvi (Yli-Kitka and Ala-Kitka) and Posiojärvi Längelmävesi , Koljonselkä and Roine — Malasvesi Iisvesi, Niinivesi, Rasvanki and Virmasvesi.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

List of largest lakes The list includes reservoirs (Lokka and Porttipahta).


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

Dammed sea bays such as Luodonjärvi and the freshwater pool in Uusikaupunki have not been included in the list.


Question: What is the third largest lake in Finland?

List of 100 largest lakes of Finland

See also List of rivers over a hundred kilometres long List of waterways in Finland List of the largest islands in the inland waters of Finland Sources Kuusisto, Esko (editor): (PDF), Finnish Environment Institute, ISBN 978-952-11-3128-8, Hämeenlinna, 2008 References Elsewhere * Largest Lakes Category:Lists of bodies of water in Finland's largest lakes


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Pori () is an American football team located at the mouth of the Kokemäjoki River on the coast of the Bothnian Sea in Satakunta Province.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The population of the town has been on the rise in recent years with the municipal affiliations and the city had a population of.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[1] In terms of population, Pori is Finland.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

largest city and seventh largest urban area.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Neighboring municipalities are Eurajoki, Kankaanpää, Kokemäki, Merikarvia, Nakkila, Pomarkku, Sastamala, Siikainen and Ulvila.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Pori is well known for e.g.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Jazz festival, the sandy beaches of Yyteri, Kirjurinluoo, ice hockey club Pori Ässi, two championships from FC Jazz, the football club that won two championships in Veikkausliiga in the 1990s, and Pori Theatre, the first Finnish language theatre.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[2] During its history, the city of Pori has burned nine times.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

In Finland, only Oulu has burned more often, ten times.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[3] [4] [5] [6] The city of Pori was founded in 1558 [7] to the north of the then city of Ulvila, when the port of Ulvila had become impassable for large ships due to land uplift.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Pori was established on the then-coastline, but due to land uplift, the Bothnian coastline has fallen out about ten kilometres from the city centre.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The oceanfront neighbourhoods (Meri-Pori) are 20—30 km from the city centre.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Pori is still a major port city on the Finnish scale; the harbours are today located in Mäntyluoo and Tahkoluoto.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

In addition, Pori has an airport and a railway station.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Of the highway connections, the most important are Highways 2, 8, 11 and 23.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

When Noormarkku and Lavia were annexed to Pori [8], the territory of the city expanded tens of kilometres inland.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

From the remainder of the town's Swedish name Björneborg, -borg (town, castle) is derived from the Finnish name Pori.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[9] The full Swedish name means Bear Town (Bear Castle) and the Latin name Arctopolis derived from Ancient Greek also means Bear Town.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Porista is often used in Finnish as a nickname for the same.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[10] The President of the Republic confirmed the use of the current coat of arms of the city of Pori on 11 December 1931, [11] and has subsequently been redrawn by Olof Eriksson.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The city council confirmed the introduction of a redrawn version on 27 October 1959.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The bear motif of the coat of arms is derived from a 17th-century seal and the motto, Deus protector noster meaning “God our protector”, is from the coat of arms of the town's founder, John the Duke.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Geography Pori had an area of km² according to the surveying institute's measurements, of which km² is land, km² is inland areas and the remaining km² is seawater areas.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[12] The Kokemäjoki river flows through Pori, which has had a great impact on the history of the city.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The width of the river is just under 200 metres at the centre.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The flow rate of the river in the city area is minimal.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Its estuary, where the river's mouth branches, known as Pori's caverns, remain between the mouth branches of the river, begins at the centre of Pori.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Soils in and around Pori range from flat or more broken moraine soil in the southern and northern peripheral parts to the ridge of Yyterinniemi and clay, soot and sand deposits of the Kokemäenjoki estuisto and riverside.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The coastal areas of the city are low-lying and flat land, the average height above sea level is less than ten meters.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

Marine bays in the area are generally shallow.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

On the coast, sand is piled up into locational dunes, which can be seen in Yyteri, whose sandy beaches are some of the most famous in Finland.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The most common stone species in Pori is sandstone.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

It is spread out on bedrock into a flat mattress, and is covered by thick layers of loose soil.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

The highest point in Pori is the Kiimacliffs, which rise to a height of 50.7 metres.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[13] [14] Pori is an archipelago municipality, meaning its archipelago parts are subject to the provisions governing the archipelago.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[15] Regional Joints Prior to regional junctions, the city of Pori had an area of 66.1 square kilometers, of which 35 square kilometers were land area and 31.1 water area.


Question: What is the population of Pori?

Pori

[16] Attached areaLand of the magnitudewater area Magnitode TotalYear Part of Porin MLK0.5km²4,2km²4,7km²4,7km²1911part of Porin MLK3,0km²21,1km²24,1km²1939part Porin MLK37,5km²2.9km²2.9km²40,4km²1941part Ulvilasta20,5km²1,4km²21.9km²1941part Porin MLKM² :sta0,8km²0,5km²1,3km²1960porin mlk completel184,4km²19,0km²203,4km²1967Lattomeri meadow from Ulvila and Nakkilasta32,0km²0,0km²32,0km²1971Ahlainen186,3km²100,0km²286,3km²1972NOORMARKKK316,9km²15,2km²332,1km²2010LAVIA1321,1km²36,6km²36,6km²357,7km²2015 1 Lavia was forced into Pori by Government decision.