Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Despite food shipments from Western countries, at least five million people perished from starvation in 1921—22.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In the earlier famine of 1891, Lenin himself had lived in the famine zone but resisted giving food aid.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

His friend A. Beljakov recalled in his book “The Youth of the Road Setter”: [76] In a letter to Politburo members on 19 March 1922, he explained, in his characteristic cynical way, how famine could be exploited New Economic Policy (NEP) Socialism did not materialized in Russia nearly as easily as Lenin had perhaps imagined.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[77] The peasants did not want to give their cereals for the benefit of the whole people, because food was short anyway.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The laborers, on the other hand, did not want to work for small or entirely missing wages.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

You couldn't build a socialist society without funds.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Because of this, Lenin launched a new economic policy, the NEP, in which he restored partial private ownership in the hope that the land would prosper and then be able to transition to a socialist model of society.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Factories were returned to the possession of the private and the peasants were guaranteed the right of ownership and sale to their own products.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[57] In 1928, the Soviet economy reached pre-World War I levels, but at that time, Stalin disbanded the NEP despite opposition from a minority of the party.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

It is alleged that Lenin had intended the NEP to be longer term.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Admittedly, it was already put forward in 1920 by Lev Trotski (who later advocated for its abolition), but at that time the motion was rejected.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In his books, however, Lenin has implied that NEP was meant to be short-lived.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[78] Death of Lenin In May 1922 Lenin had his first heart attack, after a December seizure he left active politics.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In May 1923, Lenin, on the advice of a doctor, moved to a villa in Gorky near Moscow.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In the Kremlin, he visited only a few times before his death in January 1924.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The cause of death was apparently a hardening of the cerebral vessels, atherosclerosis, and a part of the cause was a Kaplan bullet preserved in his neck.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[60] In his “Will”, Lenin criticised all senior figures of the Central Committee, but it was not read at the party conference.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Stalin was allowed to keep his Secretary-General seat, granted in 1922, and emerged victorious in debates and infighting.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[79] After his death, Lenin's body was embalmed and placed on display in a mausoleum built on the edge of Red Square.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[80] The embalming of Lenin was chiefly an idea of Stalin admired by Lenin, as Stalin regarded Lenin as a divine teacher.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin himself would have liked to be buried in all the silence.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin, in 1924, doubted Stalin's prowess as a leader.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

He considered Stalin too crude to lead the Communist Party.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[81] Lenin and Finland Lenin often acted from Finland during their expulsion.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In Finland, Lenin had supporters and also friends.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin expressed his sympathy for Finland's independence for the first time at meetings held in Tampere in 1905 and 1906.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The meetings were held in the same house where Lenin for the first time met his future successor Josif Stalin.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Today, that house houses the Lenin Museum unique to the West.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The museum has been proposed to be turned into a museum for victims of totalitarianism.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[82] In Helsinki, Lenin lived at the following addresses: [83] Vironkatu 7, November 1905 Liisankatu 19, February 1906 Vuorimiehenkatu 35, March—April 1906 Yläänkötie 8, Oulunkylä, autumn 1907 K. H. Wiikin street, Malmi, one night in August 1917 Sörnäinen Rantatie 1 B, August—September 1917 Fredrikinkatu 64, August—September 1917 Töölönkatu 46, September 1917 After the revolution, Lenin incited the Finnish SDP in his letters to carry out an armed revolution in Finland and sent Stalin to the party conference to support his demands.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

However, the party convention of the SDP voted against this on 26 November 1917 by a vote of 59 to 43; [84] a similar decision was already taken by the Workers' Revolutionary Central Council on 10 November by a vote of 18—8).


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

After the Parliament of Finland declared Finland unilaterally independent with a bourgeois majority on 6 December, Lenin recognised Finland's independence on 31 December 1917.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Various assessments have been given as to why Lenin accepted bourgeois Finland's independence.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The most obvious are the ideological reasons enshrined in Lenin's party programme, which also led to a number of other countries — including Estonia and Ukraine — gaining independence from Soviet Russia.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin has been shown to have hoped for a revolution in Finland that would return Finland to Soviet Russia again.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The request of the Finnish SDP may also have played a role.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin issued orders to supply weapons “for the Finnish proletariat” on 7 January 1918 - 10,000 rifles and on 17 January 1918 - 25,000 rifles to the “Commissar of the Finnish Railway”.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[85] Lenin declared in his closing speech to the General Russian Conference of the Councils on 30 January 1918 that Finland was the circumference power of revolutionary Russia and in confederation with it, in the way of the International.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[85] In Finland, Lenin's position as a confessor of independence has been emphasised above all by leftists.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Ideologically, those on another stance see it as a falsification of history.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[86] Recognition of Finnish independence was not an end in itself for Len, but was primarily a means of facilitating the implementation of the socialist revolution in Finland.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[87] After World War II, the Finns, citing recognition, said “Lenin gave Finland independence” so that the followers of this would not dare “take it away”.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[88] The character of Lenin has been presented by Lenin's supporters as a humane and gentle Soviet leader.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[78] Lenin was hardly nationalistic, but, in accordance with Marx's doctrines, advocated internationalism.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin thought Soviet Russia was the first piece of the communist ideal world.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[78] He considered that he built it best by destroying the obstructionists, namely the bourgeoisie, the clergy and the upper class.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

He condoned violence against these “enemies of the working people.”


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

This contrasts with the pacifist and gentle image given of Lenin, but Lenin felt that he thought primarily in the interest of the Russian ruling population.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

On the other hand, studies have also appeared in Finland describing Lenin as mainly a petty criminal and an inherently anarchist “professional revolutionary” in nature.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

This is also accompanied by the emphasis that the original and driving force behind Lenin's actions was personal bitterness and outright antagonism towards the prevailing system.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[89] Lenin and Stalin Lenin met Josif Stalin for the first time in 1905 at the Bolshevik Conference in Tampere.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[90] In 1913, Stalin wrote his renowned book Marxism and the Issue of Nationality, which Lenin considered so brilliant that he wanted to publish it as the party's official political programme.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[91] There were almost no political differences between Lenin and Stalin, and Stalin considered himself a student of Lenin.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In the party's debates, Stalin almost invariably joined Lenin's side in opposing, among others, the former Menshevik Trotsky and other opposition.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In 1922, Stalin was appointed general secretary of the party at the suggestion of Lenin.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[92] After Lenin fell ill, doctors denied him political activity, and Stalin was appointed by the Politburo of the party as an information broker.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

During this time, Stalin quarreled with Lenin's spouse Nadežda Krupskaya.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Upon hearing of the dispute, Lenin took offence and dictated his “will”, in which he criticised Stalin's manners and criticised other leading figures in the party as well.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

After Lenin's death, the “will” was read at the Bolsheviks 13th party congress and the councillors willed Stalin to continue as the party's secretary-general.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[93] Even Trotsky did not oppose the continuation of Stalin's leadership.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[94] Worldview and Politics Lenin's worldview had taken shape in the last decades of the nineteenth century, and he subsequently reckoned that there was no longer much intellectual or informational to give him in the 20th century.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[95] Instead, he focused on Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Georgi Plekhanov and Karl Kautsky, for the last two of whom he later turned his back.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin, however, admired Niccolò Machiavelli and Charles Darwin (his study in the Kremlin had a small monkey-shaped table ornament reading Darwin's name), later returned to Aristotle as well, and discovered during World War I G. W. F. Hegel and the German war theorist Carl von Clausewitz, who left their own marks in Lenin's thinking.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

As his absolute paragons, he regarded Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and himself as the only true and irreplaceable interpreter of Marx.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[95] The relationship with Friedrich Nietzsche's moral philosophy was ambivalent.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[96] Lenin was essentially a theorist and disliked the sensibility of politics.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Therefore, he also stressed the leading role of intellectuals in politics, considering foreign the idea that the working people themselves would govern themselves.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

He was not really in touch with the poor, but regarded statistics and studies of personal experiences as a more true description of the living conditions of the Russian people.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[95] Based on these statistics and studies, he, among other things, suggested that Russia was already a capitalist country in the 1860s.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin's character traits also included a strong confidence that he was always right.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

He trusted himself, and this is how he ended up leading the revolution.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[97] Lenin speculated that the “democratic dictatorship of the proletariat” he called for (see:


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

dictatorship of the proletariat) would especially appeal to the lower social class.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

At the same time, he believes it would also be the most effective way to safeguard general civil liberties and economic development.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin initially advocated the model of two-stage revolution commonly put forward by Russian Marxists: first a democratic and capitalist state, followed by a socialist revolution and finally communism.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

However, as the revolution progressed, he did not commit to this, but moved quickly to implement in Russia his own model of socialism.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[98] Bolsheviks sought to gain popular favour for their party by participating in general propaganda, as well as in the activities of the Reich Duma and other general decision-making.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

According to some claims, the Russian secret police Ohrana also provided Lenin with an opportune opportunity.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Ohrana was somewhat well-informed about the mutual disputes between socialist revolutionaries and sought to foment the polemic that ripped the party.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Ohrana supported the Bolsheviks position in Russia also by imprisoning Mensheviks and other opponents of Lenin.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[99] During World War I, Lenin adopted the position that socialists should oppose all warring governments and the workers of every country had to oppose their own country's war effort.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin emphasized the Marx doctrine that proletarians have no homeland: thus, the primary sympathy and assistance of the Russian laborers should have been directed towards other laborers — including those of enemy countries — and not the bourgeoisie of their own country.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin's internationalism was also emphasized by the International, which was chosen as the national anthem


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin believed the Russian Revolution would expand very quickly into a global socialist revolution.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[100] Lenin's death and legacy Lenin was paralyzed from his right side in May 1922 and retired definitively from political life as early as December of the same year.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin, due to his stroke, found his condition hopeless and asked Stalin to poison himself, which Stalin refused.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[101] Upon Lenin's death in January 1924, his body was embalmed and is still on display in his mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Petrograd, formerly Sankt-Peterburg (Saint Petersburg) was named Leningrad after Lenin.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The name was changed back to Sankt-Peterburg only after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Known as Leninism, the system of doctrine was formulated on the basis of his works and was later made into a kind of state religion.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

All this happened against Lenin's own wishes.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[102] However, his understanding of popular power was different from that of, say, Western democracy or the social democratic system.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin opposed grassroots democracy and a multi-party system.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[103] He opposed the 1917 idea of a country ruled by democratic, people-elected councils, and advocated a “dictatorship of the proletariat” in which all power would be centralized to the Bolshevik Party.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The rejection of the ideas of 1917 led, among other things, to the rebellion of his most loyal soldiers, the Matrimony of Kronstadt.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin's concept of popular power was well illustrated by the response he gave Trotsky to the demands of the matrus when asked about Lenin's opinion: “The parliamentary and democratic system is a step backwards, the dictatorship of the proletariat led solely by the Bolsheviks is a step forward in the way of revolution”.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Among the heads of the Soviet Union, Lenin has always been the most popular, thanks to his cult of


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The retrospective criticism levelled at the directors” persons and actions almost never extended as far as Lenin.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In addition, for example, in murals inspired by the Mexican Revolution, Lenin was often painted next to local revolutionary leaders such as Emiliano Zapata.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[104] A person cult around Lenin formed the first person cult of the Soviet Union, which has been described as “semi-religious” by several historians and biographies.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[105] [106] [107] [108] [109] His ascetic, industrious and orderly nature set him apart from many other Communist Party leaders.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Partly against his own will, he soon came to be regarded as a “good tsar”, modest and folk, but at the same time the creator of a new just system.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

From 1918 onwards, he began to be appointed vožd, that is, leader.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

In the 1920s, the term expanded to the entire Communist Party leadership.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

During the Russian Civil War, the party already began to consciously exploit and spread this view of Lenin when, through religious-tinged interpretations of the revolution, the Civil War began to be regarded as good and evil, revolutionary saints and counter-revolutionary evil spirits as a battle between.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin became the main saint of the revolution, the author of the Holy Bible of the Work, as he was described by the poet Demjan Bednyi in 1918 in the poem “To the Leader”.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Until his death, Lenin was able to prevent this cult that had arisen among the people from ending up as part of official party propaganda.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

However, immediately upon his death, this Christ-like Savior-Lenin was taken into the official party's Lenin cult, although many of the party's leaders, including Lenin's widow Nadežda Krupskaya, opposed it.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[110] [78] Monumental propaganda Monumental propaganda was a plan put forward by Lenin at the beginning of the Russian Revolution, which began to be implemented in the Soviet Republic starting in 1918.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

It introduced visual monument art, revolutionary slogans and monumental sculpture as important propagoers of revolutionary causes and communist ideals.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The plan created a demand for monumental, state-commissioned sculpture, laying the foundations for the entire later school of Soviet sculpture.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Statues of Lenin There are three statues of Lenin in Finland, several memorial plaques and other memorials dedicated to him.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Great Destruction of Lenin statues began in Eastern European countries and Russia.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Almost all Lenin statues on the side of Eastern European states have been destroyed or moved to museums.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

On the Russian side, many more statues of Lenin have survived.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

The southernmost statue on Earth is located at the pole of inaccessibility to Antarctica.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

A few surviving Lenin statues: Lenin statue in the city of Tula, Russia.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

A statue of Lenin in the city of Tiraspol in Transnistria, Moldova.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

A statue of Lenin in Donetsk city, Ukraine.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

A statue of Lenin in the city of Abakan, Russia.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin statue in Eagle.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin statue in the city of Norilsk, Russia.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin's works What is to be done?


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

[111] Materialism and Empiriocritism (1909) The Wraths of Philosophy (1914/1915, published only in the 1920s) Socialism and War (1915, together with Grigory Zinovyev) [112] State and Revolution (1917) [113] Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism (1917) [114] Leftism as a child disease in communism (i.e. “Penikkatau') Development of capitalism in Russia Some of Lenin's writings have been published in the Finnish section of the Marxist Internet Archive Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Materialism and Empiriocritism| location = Moscow| publisher = Progress| year = 1975| version = (Materializm i empiriokritisizm, 1909)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Selected works| location = Moscow| publisher = Progres| year = 1976—1977| version = 10 parts}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Works| location = Petrozavodsk & Moscow| publisher = Karelian-Finnish SST State Publishing Movement & Progression| year = 1953—1970| version = 45 parts}} Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Courtois, Stéphane etc.| title = Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, oppression| others = Translated by Kaarina Turtia, Matti Brotherus and Heikki Eskelinen| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-0-25073-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marek, Franz & Fischer, Ernst| title = What Lenin really said| others = Translated by Erkki Murto.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

2nd edition (1st edition 1970).


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

Pocket information 57| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1980| version = (Was Lenin wirklich sagte, 1969.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

) | id = ISBN 951-0-02557-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Service, Robert| title = Lenin: Biography| others = Translated by Arto Hälä| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2001| version = (Lenin: A biography, 2001.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

) | id = ISBN 951-0-26280-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Polvinen, Tuom| title = Russian Revolution and Finland, Part 1| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1967}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karlgren, Anton| title = Red Dictator: Development of Stalin and Bolshevism from Leninism to Stalinism| others = Translated by J. W. Tuura| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1942}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Montefiore, Simon Sebag| title = Stalin: The Red Czar's Court | Translated others = by Kari Klemelä| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| version=( Stalin: The court of the red tsar, 2004.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

) | id = ISBN 951-0-29502-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Service, Robert| title = Stalin: A Biography| publisher = Harvard University Press| year = 2005| id = ISBN 978-0-330-41913-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Massie, Robert K.| title = Nikolai and Aleksandra| others = Translated by Mirja Rutanen.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

2nd edition (1st edition 1968) | location = Helsinki| publisher = Tamil| year = 1987| version = (Nicholas and Alexandra: An intimate account of the last of the Romanovs and the fall of imperial Russia, 1967.


Question: What country was Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin

) | id = ISBN 951-30-6733-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kochan, Lionel| title = Revolution Russia 1890—1918| location = Helsinki| publisher = Oak| year= 1966}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo| title = Soviet tragedy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2012| id = ISBN 978-951-1-26521-4}} References on the topic elsewhere (Red — against, Dark blue — for, Grey — I abstain) * Category:Born in 1870 Class:Dead in 1924 Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The geography of Finland refers to the region of Finland and the phenomena that occur on it.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Finland is located in Northern Europe in the area between the 60th and 70th north latitudes and the 20th and 30th east meridian.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Area and Land Use At the beginning of 2013, Finland's total area was 390905km², according to the National Land Survey.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The figure included land areas, freshwater areas and marine areas.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Land areas numbered 303891km², freshwater areas 34544km² and marine areas 52470km².


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[1] Due to land uplift, the land area increases by about 7 km² each year.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[2] In 2005, 4% of the land area was built up, 9% agricultural land, 77% forest and 10% other land.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[3] Surface forms, bedrock and soil Characteristic of nature in Finland that the bedrock is ancient, the oldest on Earth in age, but very young soils, which resulted in only a few tens of thousands of years as a result of the last ice age.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Bedrock in Finland has worn flat in its large forms but broken in its small forms variable.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Covering over the bedrock are moraine spawned by the Ice Age and sorted earth species.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The latter are glacier river-born gravel and sand, especially in ridge formations, as well as clay and other fine varieties, such as sweat and sweat, deposited in water of different depths.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

In addition, there are organic soil species such as turf and loam.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The highest points in Finland are the fells.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The Fells of Eastern Finland and Lapland are an ancient Karelid mountain range.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The Lapland fells of the arm belong to the Skands.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The southern part of the country and the coast of Ostrobothnia is flat, but in Central Finland the terrain becomes unfolding.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The present dangers of Eastern Finland and the Lapland Fells are a relic of the ancient Karelid Mountains from East Karelia to Lapland.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The highest fells in Arm Lapland belong to the Skands, which has bedrock ages from 400 to 450 million years.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The highest point in Finland is Haltitunturi, belonging to the Skands, whose slope rises to 1324 metres above sea level on the Finnish side.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[4] The most common type of mineral soil is moraine, with clay soil piled up on top of it in places.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Typical topography in moraine-covered areas are normally bullet-southeast-oriented drumlins, which are streamlined moraine hills in shape.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

These exist, for example, in many parts of Savo.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The highest number of clay is found in the coastal regions of Southwest Finland, Ostrobothnia and Uusimaa.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

From organic soil species, peat has been formed in the marshes and cloth humus in the heath forests.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The proportion of swamps is highest in Northern Ostrobothnia.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

In different parts of Finland, the types of marsh compounds differ: in southern and south-western Finland there are raised oasis swamps mainly from rainwater, flat and waterlogged asses further north and in Lapland in northernmost Lapland with frost preserving through the balsamic mounds of the year.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Edge formations and ridges in line with the direction of movement arising from glacier river outcrops at the end of the Last Glacial Age are the characteristic landforms of Finland.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The most significant of the peripheral formation are the Salpausselät, which run across southern Finland from southwest to northeast.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The most famous of the ridges are Pyynikinharju in Pirkanmaa, the highest gravel ridge in the world, and Punkaharju in Puruvesi, Saimaa.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Water bodies Lakes Finland is known worldwide for its huge number of lakes.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Lakes over five acres in size number 187888 and contain a total of 230 cubic kilometres of water.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The largest lake in Finland is Saimaa, the central lake of the Vuoksen basin, and the main lakes Päijänne, Inarijärvi and Oulujärvi are mainly the largest of its own water bodies.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The largest number of lakes are found in Järvi-Finland in the Kokemäenjoki, Kymijoki and Vuoksen river basins.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Other large lake reservoirs include the Oulujoki water body and the Paatsjoki watershed of the inari lake lake.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Rivers In the half of Finland, the largest river basins are the river basins of Kemijoki, Oulujoki, Tornionjoki and Iijoki.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The largest of the other river basins in Finland are the Teno, Kyrönjoki, Koutajoki, Siikajoki, Kalajoki, Lapuanjoki, Kiiminkijoki, Kiiminkijoki, Pyhäjoki, Karvianjoki, Tuulomajoki and Simojoki river basins.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[5] The longest of Finland's rivers are Kemijoki and mainly the longest are Iijoki, Ounasjoki, Kitinen, Muonionjoki, Luiro, Kymijoki, Tornionjoki, Simojoki, Ivalojoki and Kiiminkijoki.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[6] Islands as the equivalent of Lake Finland on the coast of Finland in the Archipelago Sea is the most extensive archipelago in Europe.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The total number of islands in the sea and inland waters is 179584.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Soisalo (1638km²) has been considered the largest island in Finland since its old age.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[7] According to a more recent understanding, Soisalo is not an island, because the water level surrounding it is not at the same level throughout.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The difference in height of the water level between its different sides is about six meters.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[8] Based on the same level of surrounding waters, Sääminginsalo on Saimaa has been considered the largest island in Finland.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[8] It has an area of 1069 km².


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

However, Sääminginsalo is an island only if the area separated from the mainland by the excavated channel is accepted as an island.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The largest of the islands meeting all the defining criteria of the island is the main island of Åland (685km²) and the second largest is Kimitoönsaari (524km²).


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Due to the location of the country, the climate of Finland is an intermediate climate with features of a marine or continental climate depending on the direction of air flows and low pressure movements.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The temperature of the region is greatly influenced by its location in mid-latitudes for the most part between the northern latitudes 60° and 70° and the Gulf Stream flowing in the Atlantic west of Scandinavia, which elevates Finland's temperature higher compared to continental regions in the equally north.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[9] On the other hand, compared to other Nordic countries, Finland has a more continental climate.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[10] Living nature Of the vegetation zones, the main part of Finland belongs to the boreal zone, namely the northern coniferous forest zone, which is further divided in Finland into the South Boreal, Middle Boreal and North Boreal zones.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The southernmost Finland belongs to the hemiboreal zone, which represents the phase zone of the coniferous forest and deciduous forest zone.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

In addition to conifers, noble deciduous trees are most commonly found in Finland.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

A similar zone but different from vegetation zones is also found in swamps, of which the prevailing type of marsh association in southern Finland is oasis marshes and farther north.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

In the very northernmost Finland there are balsas, within which intermittent permafrost occurs.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Zogeographically, Finland belongs to the Palearctic region, whose fauna is typical of the northern coniferous forest zone.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Political geography The administrative division of Finland is based on the division of municipalities and municipalities.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

As of 2016, Finland has 19 provinces and 313 municipalities.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[11] The largest municipalities in Finland Error: Invalid time.. The number of populations1.2.3.4.5.6.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Natural Resources Finland's geological natural resources consist of ores and industrial minerals, aggregate, peat and geothermal.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

In 2012, 12 ores were mined and industrial minerals from 29 mines.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The Siilinjärvi apatite mine is the main industrial mineral deposit.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Finland is a major producer of cobalt and platinum group metals at European level.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Gold, copper, nickel, zinc and chromium are also utilized from metal ores.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[12] Finland's renewable resources include forests and many wild fish and game species, berries and mushrooms.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[13] Borders Finland has three border neighbours: Sweden to the west, Norway to the north and Russia to the east.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

To the south, across the Gulf of Finland, separated by the international sea area is Estonia.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The border between Finland and Sweden is almost entirely in waterways.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

In the north, a short land border begins at the Three Kingdoms border laundry, only 230 metres long.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The border continues as a river border for 555.5 km through small streams, Kilpisjärvi, Könkämäeno, Muonionjoki and Tornion river until Tornio.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Between Tornio and Haparanda, the border is defined in straight lines, as is the Tornio archipelago.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The maritime border continues to the Bothnian Sea, where the territorial waters of the countries separate.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The Sea of Åland shares a common maritime border and the border also bisects Märket's creature.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[14] [15] [16] The border between Finland and Norway is approximately 736 km long, of which 442 km is a land border and 294 km is a river border.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The western section of the land border begins at the border laundry of the Three Kingdoms and passes through Halt, among other things.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

From the base of the arm from the loin of Peltotunturi, the border continues as a river boundary in the Teno River watershed.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Around Pulmang and Nuorgam, the border separates again as a land border ending in the border between Finland, Norway and Russia located on Muotkavaara.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[17] [18] The border between Finland and Russia, or the eastern border, begins at the Muokavaara border marker in the north and continues through the terrain in straight lines, marked with white refraction points or stone border towers.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

In the border zone, passage is subject to licence.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[19] The course of the border is specified in the Moscow Peace (1944) and the Treaty of Sale of the Jäniskosken—Niskakoski region (1947), but in some places the border has been at the same point for longer: the oldest parts of the border in Kainuu are inherited from the Peace of Tokusinä (1595).


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[20] The land border ends in the south at Virolahti, from where the maritime border off Virolahti, Hamina and Kotka continues to the open sea to the point where the territorial waters of the countries are separated.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[21] Finland's territorial water border runs on the open sea, usually 12 nautical miles from the outer terrain points.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

However, this is limited by agreements with Sweden, Russia and Estonia.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[22] In 1994, in order to maintain free transit in the Gulf of Finland, it has been agreed with Estonia that neither territorial seas extend closer than 3 nautical miles from the central line.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[23] In addition, south of Bogskär, the regional sea extends only 3 nautical miles.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The precise boundaries of the territorial sea are defined in the setting as straight and circular arcs connecting coordinate points.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[24] Extreme points The geographical centre of Finland is on Siikalatva in the former Piippola municipality between Kestilä and Piippola in the Talasneva marsh area.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The centerpoint sign () was erected in 1958 with the assistance of Suomen Kuvalehti in the village of Leskelä on the side of Highway 4.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[32] The centre of the Finnish mainland area is on Puolangan Troukvaara.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The central point sign, which was located there in time, is circled to the church village of Puolanga, located about 10 km further south.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Weber's point is on Hauho, which belongs to the town of Hämeenlinna.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The regional sea centre of Finland (land areas + sea areas) is on Haapajärvi in the village of Kuusaa.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The site has been officially located by the Finnish National Land Survey, Apu magazine and the city of Haapajärvi.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Coordinates 70°87'45.6N 34°29'44.2E.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

Halfway between mainland and maritime Finland is located in Liminga Finland on the UNESCO World Heritage List Finland's first natural site on the UNESCO World Heritage List is Kvarkka, where land uplift is about one centimeter per year.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

The Kvarku Archipelago is an extension of the Swedish Höga Kusten (High Coast) World Heritage Site.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

It is only 25 kilometres away from the outer islands of Kvarku to Sweden.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

In the past, six heritage sites have been accepted from Finland, including Old Rauma and Suomenlinna.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

[33] [34] See also List of the highest points in Finland Mapping List of World Heritage Sites in Europe Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Westerholm, John & Raento, Pauliina (ed.


Question: How many rivers are there in Finland?

Geography of Finland

) | title = Finland atlas 1999: centenary atlas|location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY: Geographical Society of Finland| year = 1999| version = 6th institution| id = ISBN 951-0-22480-4}} On topic elsewhere Coordinates: * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Virrat () is a Finnish town located in the province of Pirkanmaa.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The municipality was established in early 1868, the founding decision was made in 1867.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Streams changed from a rural municipality to a merchant on 1 January 1974, and from a merchant to a town on 1 January 1977.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Virrat was formerly part of Vaasa County, from which it was transferred to Häme County in early 1969.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The streams are inhabited by humans, [1] and have an area of km2, of which km2 are bodies of water.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[2] Population density is Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character “[”.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Virrat is the only one of the municipalities in Finland with a plural name.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

It is inflected in outer localizations: Streams, Streams, Streams; the name's genetic belongs to Virtain.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Virtolainen means resident of Virtai.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The neighbouring municipalities of Virtai are Alavus, Keuruu, Kihniö, Mäntä-Vilppula, Ruovesi, Seinäjoki, Ylöjärvi and Ähtäri.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Virtai Church was built 1772—1774 under the direction of church builder Antti Hakola.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[3] Virtai Parish belongs to the Diocese of Lapua.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

History A few pre-ceramic stone artifacts dating back about 7,500 years, as well as one comb pottery, some 4,500 years old, have been found at the Virros.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Finnish wildernesses moved around the Virtai region as early as the Iron Age, as evidenced by spearheads and pieces of swords found near the village of Härkönen.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Lappans are also thought to have moved around these areas until the early Middle Ages, after which the Upper Hundred began to engage in extensive batches here.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

There were holdings in the houses of Pirkkala, Vesilahti and Ylä-Sastamala.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The wilderness holdings were abolished by King Gustav Vasa in the mid-16th century.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[4] The first settlers settled after the middle of the 16th century in Virtainkylä, Vaskivede, Liedenpohja and Hauhuuse.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

In 1570, Virros had 25 tax-paying houses and by the beginning of the 18th century the house count had grown to 47.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Virrat originally belonged to the Keeper of Ruovesi, separated from Suur-Pirkkala, until it was annexed in 1776 to the newly created County of Vaasa.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The first church in Virtai was built in the 1650s.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[4] In 1858, Emperor Alexander II ordered the Landlord of the County of Vaasa to carry out the necessary surveys in the Virtai region for the establishment of the city.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Three draft city plans were drawn up by the Senate of Finland, but the creation of the city remained unimplemented.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

In 1886, a wool spinner was established at Killinkoski, which was converted to a wood grinder in 1911.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Due to the colony formed around the mill, Killinkoski developed into a conurbation the size of Virtai Church Village.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[4] During the Finnish War, a guerrilla detachment led by Sergeant Major Jakob Johan Roth and Sergeant Carl Johan Spoof looted Russian warehouses (Roth and Spoof's guerrilla expedition).


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

During the Civil War there were almost continuous battles at Vaskivesi in February and March 1918, and because of these, the Reds had to retreat from this northernmost base of their front.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[4] At the beginning of 1973, the northwestern part of the then abolished and mainly annexed Pohjaslahti municipality was annexed to Virti, e.g.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Monoskylä.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Streams made the transition to the elementary school system at the beginning of the fall semester 1975.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[4] A nursing home fire occurred on the streams in January 1979, in which 27 elderly people were killed.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

It is the second highest number of fatalities in Finland after the Lapinlahti Municipal Home fire in 1966.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[5] On the site of a destroyed nursing home in the village of Cooling Plate there is a monument unveiled in 1989.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

In the village of Kotala, a monument to the bear rover Martti Kitunen, unveiled in 1936, is located.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[4] In the 2000-millennium to 2000s, the Killinkoski bank robbery crossed the national news threshold.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The delivery of health services by Virtai's health and social services led to a government-level processing.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Transport and Tourism The municipality has good road links between Tampere, Pori and Jyväskylä.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Highway 23 between Pori and Jyväskylä, route 66 between Orivesi and Lapua, road 68 through Killinkoski to Ähtäri and further to Pietarsaari, and road 65 coming from Tampere west of Näsijärvi are intersected in the centre.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The area is rich in small industry and shops.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Tuuri Village Store, Ähtär Zoological Park, Herraskoski Canal and Perinnekylä are a short drive away.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The Haapamäki—Pori line, introduced in 1938, runs through the town, most of which was disbanded in 1985.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Passenger services were discontinued in 1981 and the last train passed through the town on 27 December 1984.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Today the nearest railway stations are located on the so-called old Ostrobothnia line (Haapamäki—Seinäjoki line) in Haapamäki and Ähtäri.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

A shipping route leads from Tampere to Virroi, Poet's Way.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Nature Virtai's landscape picture shows medium-Finnish features with rare settlements, mainly concentrated on the shores of lakes, extensive forest areas and large differences in terrain elevation.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The highest peaks of the hills reach more than 200 meters above sea level.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The large watershed Suomenselkä runs across the northwestern part of Virtai.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[4] Native forest, lakes and wildlife abound.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

A couple of kilometres from the centre towards Ruovesi, along the main road 66, are the well-known Toriseva gorge lakes.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The total number of lakes in the municipal area is 269 and inland waters account for 10.5% of the municipal area.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The largest of the lakes are Vaskivesi—Visuvesi, Toisvesi and Seinäjärvi.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[6] Virtai lakes mainly belong to the upper waters of the Kokemäenjoki river basin along the Ähtäri and Pihlajavesi routes.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Seinäjärvi in the northwest and its nearby lakes descend down to the Seinäjoki River into the Kyrönjoki River, which in turn descends into the Gulf of Bothnia east of Vaasa.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[4] Juhannuskunta Virrat is Finland's “official” Midsummer Town — the trademark was registered on 31 July 2002.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[7] The Midsummer Declaration is sent from the Virroi every Midsummer's Eve at 6 p.m.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The Midsummer Declaration in poetry [8] is written by Markku Sorvar, a Virtolian.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

In previous years, the declaration has been audible on the radio and in 2007 it was broadcast live on Yle TV2 channel.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Virtai's reputation as a diverse summer home municipality has grown with the title.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

A significant part of the holiday homes in Pirkanmaa is located on the streams.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

In 1984—1994, Rantarock, which gathered a young audience of ten thousand, was also organised at Virroi in Midsummer.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Food culture Virtai's keeper dishes were named in the 1980s, a lobe stewed from swede and vendles, sucked rye lingonberry porridge, or dessert tirri, and caraway flavoured varilimp.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[9] Although Virtai's location is central and transport links are good, distances are long to nearby municipalities.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Virrat is located in the area between Seinäjoki, Jyväskylä, Pori and Tampere.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The nearest urban centre is Seinäjoki on the Southern Ostrobothnia side.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The tourist centre of Tuuri is 51km away.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Road endpoints Helsinki 285km Kouvola 276km Hanko 385km Turku 255km Vaasa 174km Kalajoki 279km Varkaus 242km Joensuu 361km Kajaani 401km Oulu 417km Kuusamo 626km Rovaniemi 637km Utsjoki 1087km Enontekiön Kilpisjärvi 1005km Nearest provincial centres Seinäjoki 90km Jyväskylä 114km Pori 152km Tampere 105km Local Municipalities Ruovesi 37km [10] Ähtäri 41km [11] Alavus 43km Keuruu 54km Parkano 60km Mäntta-Vilppula 61km Jalasjärvi 69km Nearest railway stations Keuruun Haapamäki railway station 41km Ähtär railway station 41km Alavude railway station 46km Parkano railway station 53km Internal distances from Kirkonkylä to Liedenpohja 18km Kirkonkylä to Killinkoski 20km Kirkonkylä to Kotala 16km Kirkonkylä to Koro 13km Kirkonkylä Vaskivedelle 21km from Kirkonkylä to Kurjenkylä 24km Livelihoods and industry Virrat is a structurally industrialised agricultural municipality.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

While a significant part of the livelihood structure is in agriculture, Virroi is also widely populated by small-scale industries.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Tourism is also a major industry in Virroi.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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Politics Council seat distribution of Virtai council during the period 2017—2021: Kesk.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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9 SDP6 ECR.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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6 Power Unbound Joint List3 Vas.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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2 KD 1 Total 27 Parliamentary elections 2015 Parliamentary elections 2015 The parties support percentages in the currents were as follows: [12] Centre of Finland 41.3% Social Democratic Party of Finland 19.6% Perusive Finns 15.5% National Coalition 8,1% Left Alliance 5.6% Christian Democrats of Finland (KD) 5.3% Green Alliance 2,5% Independence Party 1.1% Pirate Party 0.6% Independents gen 0.2% Communist Party of Finland 0.1% Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the city every five years since 1980.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The regional division used is as at 1 January 2013.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Virroi has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [13] Virtai Parish of the Parishes of the Finnish Orthodox Church in Virtai Region serves as the Tampere Orthodox Parish.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[14] Villages Herranen Härkönen Tuohyspohja Ikkala [15] Killinkoski Koro [16] Kotala Kurjenkylä [17] Lahdenkylä [15] Liedenpohja [18] Ohtola [15] Rantakunta Vaskivesi Vaskuu [19] Äijänva Conurbations At the end of 2017, Virros had 6,844 inhabitants, of which 3,492 lived in built-up areas, 3,307 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of where 45 residents lived were unknown.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; Virtai has a built-up rate of 51.4%.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[20] The agglomeration population of Virtai belongs to only one agglomeration, namely the central district of Virtai, which had 3,492 inhabitants at the end of 2017.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

[21] Streams in literature Streams appear in literature e.g.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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in several novels by Teuvo Saavalainen and in Kauno Vuorenpää's book on civil war Virrat 1918.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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Notable and well-known Virthians Tom Sukanen, American emigrant, shipbuilder personality, made among others.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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film.


Question: Where is Currat located?

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Antti Lieroinen (d. 1643, Ruovesi), witch and clairvoyant Martti Kitunen (also mentioned as Mårten Henrikinpoika) (b. 14 November 1747, Virrat — c. 7 October 1833, Virrat), hunter, bear shooter I.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

K. Inha (originally Konrad Into Nyström, born 12 November 1865 Virrat — d. 3 April 1930 Helsinki), writer, translator and photographer Onni Tarjanne (until 1906 Törnqvist, b. 5 September 1864 Virrat — d. 23 May 1946 Helsinki), architect Väinö Hanhijoki (b. 6 June 1896 — c. 16 August 2005 Virrat), elderly man Reino Heinonen (b. 19 July 1898, Virrat — d. 30 September 1944), lieutenant colonel Armid Sandberg (b. 13 February 1876 Sippola — d. 4 August 1927 Toriseva, Virrat), painter Marjaliisa Pitkäranta (née Raittinen, former.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Rinne born 27 September 1941 in Killinkoski, Virrat — d. 9 January 2003, Killinkoski, Virrat), illustrator Jukka Sihvonen (b. Virrat), Professor of Film Studies at the University of Turku Mika Puja (born 19 July 1975, Virrat), Finnish champion of high jump 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2003 and Finnish Record holder (231) Katja Kilpi (born 26 April 1974 in Virrat), Finnish high jump champion in 1990, 1991 and 1992 Jouko Kilpi (born 21 April 1961), Finnish high jump champion 1983 Seppo Hovinen (born 4 February 1951 in Virrat), Finnish champion in javelin throw 1976 and 1977 (goalkeeper Niko Hovinen's father) Tuula Laaksalo (o.b. Hyytiäinen, born 21 April 1953 in Rovaniemi), Finnish champion in javelin throw 1982, 1984 and 1988, represented Virtai Athletes Vesa Rantanen Vesa Tapani Rantanen (born 2 December 1975 in Jalasjärvi), multi-time Finnish champion in the pole jump, representing Virtai Athletes Pertti Niittylä (born 16 January 1956 in Virrat), Finnish speed skating champion Vesa Korjus (born 13 August 1981 in Virrat), a hurdler, represented Virtai Athletes, nowadays Kuorneen Kuntoa Kari Sainio (born 24 May 1975 in Virrat), a football player at the 2001 Finnish Championship and 2006 Pirkko Korkee (born Levelahti, born 25 March 1927 Virrat), skier with World Championship relay silver 1958, represented Virtai Athletes and Valkeakoski Hakaa Paavo Hietanen (born 20 February 1931 Uusikirkko VL), baseball player, worked as coach and junior high school physical education teacher in Virroilla Jutta Gustafsberg (ex.


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

Jussila, o.s. Virtanen, born 1973, Virrat), fitness Finnish champion, entrepreneur Tapio Kuula (b. 1957 Kurjenkylä, Virrat), Fortum CEO Keijo Leppänen (born 12 March 1960 Virrat), MTV3 news anchor, journalist, writer Marjaana Aumasto (born 1958 Virrat), author Heikki Jartti (born 22 January 1887, Virrat — d. 17 January 1951, Pihlajavesi), writer Verneri Liinamaa (name until 1934 Verner Lindgren, b. 28 June 1898 Virrat — d. 5 June 1972, Raahe), writer Teuvo Saavalainen (b. 22 July 1927, Kotka — d. 1 February 2002 Virrat), novelist Uolevi Nojonen (real name Ahti Uolevi Ylä-Nojonen, also written under the pseudonym A. U. Pirkkala born 6 June 1939 Virrat), writer L. J. Järvinen (Lauri Johannes Järvinen, b. 7 April 1904 Virrat — d. 25 May 1957, Oulu), writer Frans Viitanen (born 26) Writer Hannu Häme (Hannu Johannes Mäkinen, b. 4 January 1904 Virrat — d. 4 May 1962, Virrat — d. 4 May 1962, Virrat), poet Lauri Perälä (b. 3 August 1881, Alavus — d. 5 April 1942, Virrat), writer, MP (ML) 1919— 1924 Hilma Koivulahti-Lehto (b. 24 April 1881 Virrat — d. 27 September 1955 Virrat), MP (SDP) 1919—1945 and 1948—1951 Eino Syrjä (b. 9 March 1928 Virrat — d. 5 December 2002 Virrat), MP (SMP) 1970—1972 Lampi Tuomi (o.b. Kuusela, born 27 August 1882 Virrat — d. 24 March 1958, Jyväskylä), MP (SSTP) 1922—1923 Onni Tuomi (former surname Ahlbom, born 21 November 1875 Virrat — d. 4 January 1933, Petrozavodsk, Soviet Union), MP (SDP) 1908—1918 Helmi Morri (born 5 May 1938 in Northern Bay), MP (SDP) Kesk.)


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

1991—1995 Yrjö Sariola (born 1 June 1932, Laukaa), Bishop of the Diocese of Lapua 1974—1995, served as parish pastor with Virroilla Jari Yliaho (born December 9, 1957, Virrat), guitarist Oliver, rock band Donna, rock band (winner of Rock SM-1975) Confusion, punk band Jussi Viitala , scientist and writer (born 1940) Deputies Hilma Koivulahti-Lehto (b. 24 April 1881 Virrat — d. 27 September 1955, Virrat), MP (SDP) 1919—1945 and 1948—1951 Jaana Ylä-Mononen (born 5 February 1961 Pohjaslahti), MP (Kesk.)


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

1999—2007 Helmi Morri (born 5 May 1938 Pohjaslahti), MP (Kesk.)


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

1991—1995 Harri Jaskari (born 26 March 1964, Virrat), MP (ECR)


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

2007- Matti Maijala (b. 17 July 1923 in Kangasala — d. 30 January 2007 Virrat), MP (Kesk.)


Question: Where is Currat located?

Streams

1970—1972 and 1975—1991 Twined cities Aulum-Haderup, Denmark Gol, Norway Årjäng, Sweden See also List of public artworks and monuments in Virtai Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Alan Mathison Turing [ˈt (j) (ə) rɪ], OBE, FRS (23 June 1912 London — 7 June 1954, Wilmslow) was a British mathematician and logic researcher who in 1936 published the algorithm he formalised and the Turing machine concept used in computer science.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[1] He is considered one of the most prominent pioneers of modern computing.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

During World War II, he led the demolition work of the German Navy's Enigma cipher machine at British intelligence's Bletchley Park base.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

This work may have shortened the war in Europe by two to four years.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[2] After the war he designed one of the first programmable digital computers and also built a prototype of it at the University of Manchester.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He expressed significant and characteristically provocative opinions in a discussion of machinery's ability to think and developed the Turing test.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Other of his research interests included probability calculus, cryptography, number theory, and algebra.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing established a reputation as an ideator of morphogenesis theory.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

It aims to explain in what ways genes cause the structure and shape of organisms to form.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

For example, aspects related to the development of zebras stripes and cheetah spots fall under the scope of morphogenesis.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing was homosexual, which is why he was persecuted.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing underwent chemical castration and is believed to have committed suicide by eating an apple saturated with cyanide.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[3] His merit in working on war cipher was not recognised until after his death.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Life Childhood and Adolescence Alan Turing's parents were Julius Mathison Turing and Sara o.s. Stoney.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Julius worked for the British civil service in India (Indian Civil Service).


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Sara, the daughter of Edward Waller Stoney, chief engineer of the Madras Railway company, became pregnant while they were living in Chhatrapur in Orissa state.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[4] Because the parents wanted their children to be raised in England, they returned to Maida Vale, London, where Alan Turing was born on 23 June 1912.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[5] The incident is witnessed by a blue plaque outside the current Colonnade Hotel.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[4] [6] Alan had an older brother named John.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing's father continued to serve as a civil servant in India, so during Alan's childhood years his parents travelled between Guildford in England and India, leaving their two sons in the care of family friends in England.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Even very early on, Turing showed signs of his brilliance, which came to light more clearly later.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[7] His parents enrolled him to St Michael's Day School at the age of six.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

His extraordinary gifts were noticed early on by the school's principal, as did many of his other teachers.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

At the age of 14 in 1926, he transferred to Sherborne School, a famous and expensive private educational institution in Dorset.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

On the first day of the school year there was a general strike in England, but Turing was so keen to be there on his first day of school that he drove from Southampton to his school alone on his bicycle for nearly a hundred miles between staying at the inn.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[8] Some Sherborne teachers did not appreciate Turing's innate interest in mathematics and the sciences.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

They placed more emphasis on classical education.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

His headteacher wrote to his parents: “I hope he does not fall between the two schools.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

If he wants to continue at a private school, he must aim to be educated.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

If he intends to be merely a scientific specialist, he is wasting his time at private school.” [9] Despite this, Turing continued to excel in subjects he liked, solving complex problems in 1927 without studying at all the basics of calculus doctrine.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

At the age of 16 in 1928, Turing became acquainted with Albert Einstein's works; not only did he comprehend them, but concluded that Einstein's theory challenged Newton's laws from a text in which this was not explicitly expressed.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[10] Turing's hopes and ambition at the school increased when a close friendship developed between him and Christopher Morcom, a slightly older student.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Morcom was also Turing's first romantic interest.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He died suddenly just a few weeks after the start of their last Sherborn term from complications from bovine tuberculosis.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He had contracted the disease after drinking milk from an infected cow as a child.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[11] Turing's faith was shattered, and he became an atheist.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

His conviction was that all phenomena, including human brain activity, had to be material.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[12] University and work on calculability Because Turing did not want to study classical subjects as diligently as science and mathematics, he did not receive a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, but instead ended up attending King's College, his second option.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He studied there from 1931 to 1934, graduating with good honors.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In 1935 he was admitted as a fellow (fellow) of King's College on his thesis on the key limit value theorem.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In his key article “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem” (filed 28 May 1936), Turing reformulated the results on mathematical proof and calculability obtained by Kurt Gödel in 1931.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He replaced Gödel's universal, arithmetic-based formal language with Turing machines, simple formal models.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He proved that some kind of machine like them could solve any mathematical problem if it could be represented as an algorithm, even if a real Turing machine would hardly have any practical applications, being considerably slower than the more practical alternatives.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Even today, the theory of computation studies Turing machines in particular.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing further testified that there was no solution to Entscheidungsproblem.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

First he showed that the stalling problem could not be solved by Turing machines: it is not possible to find out algorithmically whether a given Turing machine ever stops.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Although his testimony was published only after Alonzo Church had made a corresponding testimony regarding his lambda calculi, Turing's work is considerably more approachable and intuitive.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

The concept of a “universal (Turing) machine”, a machine capable of operating like any other machine, was also novel.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

For most of the years 1937 and 1938 he spent at Princeton University studying under the tutelage of Alonzo Church.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In 1938, he received his doctorate (Ph.D.)


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

At Princeton; his treatise introduced the concept of relative computation (), in which so-called oracle machines are used in addition to Turing machines.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

They can be used to study problems that can't be solved by a Turing machine.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

On his return to Cambridge in 1939, he attended Ludwig Wittgenstein's lectures on the foundations of mathematics.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[13] Wittgenstein and Turing argued and dissented: Turing defended formalism and Wittgenstein argued that mathematics does not find any absolute truths, but rather invents them.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[14] Cryptoanalysis During World War II, Turing was involved in breaking the cipher systems used by the Germans at Bletchley Park.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He relied on cryptoanalytical research by Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski, who worked in Biuro Szyfrów of Poland before the war.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He made several insights that helped crack the codes of the Enigma machine and the Lorenz SZ-40/42 (a cryptographic device used in remote printers, to which the British gave the codename “Tunny”).


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

For a time he was in charge of Hut 8, which was responsible for deciphering the communications of the German Navy.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Since September 1938, Turing had worked part-time at the Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS), a code-breaking organisation for the British.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He worked on German Enigma encryption cracking and collaborated with Dilly Knox, a senior codebreaker at GCCS.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[15] On 4 September 1939, the day after the United Kingdom had declared war on Germany, Turing enrolled at the GCCS wartime premises at Bletchley Park.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[16] Turingin—Welchman bombe Within weeks of his arrival at Bletchley Park [16] Turing had designed an electromechanical device that would allow the Enigma to be broken faster than the 1932 bomba machine.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

The new bombe aircraft was named after the earlier Polish bomba on which it was based.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

An enhanced bombe proposed by mathematician Gordon Welchman became one of the most important tools of work, and the most important automated tool, in the attack on communications protected by the Enigma code.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Jack Good, a crypto-analyst who worked with Turing at Bletchley Park, later said: “Turing's main contribution, in my own opinion, was in the design of the cryptoanalytic bombe machine.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He had the idea that one could apply in practice a logical theorem that sounds relatively absurd to the unbrushed ear; namely, that all can be inferred from the contradiction.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

“[17] Bombe searched for the appropriate settings used in the Enigma message (i.e. wafer order, wafer settings, etc.) using the appropriate “slut”, part of the probable plain text.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

For each possible wafer setup (of which there were 1019, or 1022 in the case of submarine Enigma machines, as they eventually used four spinners instead of the usual three) [18], the bombe electronically performed a series of logical inferences based on the lunt.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Bombe sensed a potential discrepancy and rejected the decree, moving on to the next.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Most of the possible settings caused conflicts, and only a few remained to be examined in detail.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing's first bombe was commissioned on 18 March 1940.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[19] By the end of the war, several hundred bombe planes were in service.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[20] Hut 8 and Navy Enigma In December 1940, Turing solved the Navy's Enigma indicator system, which was mathematically more complex than other similar systems.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing also invented a Bayesian statistical technique, which was given the name “Banburismus”, to help break the Navy's Enigma.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

The Banburismus technique allowed certain Enigma wafer settings to be excluded from the bills, reducing the time required to deploy bombe machines.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In the spring of 1941, Turing proposed marriage to Joan Clarke, a colleague at Hut 8, but the engagement was dissolved by mutual agreement in the summer.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In July 1942, Turing developed a technique known as Turingismus or Turingery to be applied to breaking the Lorenz cipher.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

It was used in the Germans' new Geheimschreiber machine (“cipher”, one of the machines known by the codename “Fish”).


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He also introduced the FISH team to Tommy Flowers, who later built the Colossus computer under the tutelage of Max Newman.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Colossus was the world's first programmable digital electronic computer.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

It replaced earlier simpler machines (such as the “Heath Robinson's”) and its greater speed allowed daily changing encrypts to be broken.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[21] It is often mistakenly thought that Turing played a key role in the design of Colossus; however, this was not the case.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[22] Turing travelled to the United States in November 1942 and worked alongside U.S. Navy cryptoanalysts on the Navy's Enigma and bombe machines in Washington, DC.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He assisted at Bell Labs in the development of devices for speech encryption.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He returned to Bletchley Park in March 1943.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

During Turing's absence, Hugh Alexander had officially risen to the head of Hut 8, and he had been running the unit in practice for some time, as Turing had little interest in its day-to-day maintenance duties.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing became a crypto-analysis consultant at Bletchley Park.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Towards the end of the war, Turing began designing a portable speech encryption machine known by the codename Delilah, assisted by engineer Donald Bayley, and at the same time studied electronics.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

A variety of uses had been designed for the machine, could not be used in long-distance radio transmissions and was not completed in time for use in war.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Although Turing introduced it to officials by encrypting and decrypting a recording of Winston Churchill's speech, the Delilah machine was not deployed.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In 1945, Turing was awarded the rank of Officer of the British Empire (OBE), but his work remained secret for several years.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

A biography published by the Royal Society shortly after his death told: Early computers and the Turing test In 1945—1947 he worked at the National Physical Laboratory designing the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) computer.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In his article on 19 February 1946, he outlined the UK's first finished design of a computer in which both the commands and data were in the same memory.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Although Turing succeeded in ACE's plan, the start of the project was delayed and he became disillusioned.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

At the end of 1947, he returned to Cambridge to spend his sabbatical year.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In the meantime, ACE was built ready without her and it ran its first program on May 10, 1950.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In 1948 he was appointed a lecturer in the Mathematics Department at the University of Manchester and in 1949 he became assistant director of the university's Computer Science Laboratory.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He developed programs for one of the earliest real computers, the Manchester Mark I.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

At the same time, he worked on more abstract issues, addressing the problem of artificial intelligence in his article “Computing machinery and intelligence” (Mind, October 1950).


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He proposed an experiment now known as the Turing test to determine a plane beyond which a machine could be called thinking.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

If a computer managed to trick its interrogator so that the interrogator would think they were conversing with a human, the machine could be said to be “thinking”.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In 1945, Turing predicted that one day computers would play chess very well.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[23] In 1948, he began drafting his previous student colleague D.G.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

With Champernowne, a chess program for a computer that didn't exist yet.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

There was no powerful enough machine to run the program, so in 1952 Turing played a chess game simulating the computer itself.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Each move took about half an hour.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

The game was saved; [24] the program lost to Turing's colleague Alick Glennie, although it is said to have won the game against Champernowne's wife.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[25] Zoning and Mathematical Biology Turing worked from 1952 until his death in 1954 on mathematical biology, particularly morphogenesis.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He published one article on the subject in 1952, “The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis”, in which he presented his hypothesis on zoning ().


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[26] He was particularly interested in the Fibonacci leaf position, the prevalence of Fibonacci figures in plant structure.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He used reaction-diffusion formulas that are currently central to zoning research.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

His later articles were not published until a 1992 paper on Collected Works of A.M.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Charged with homosexuality and death Turing was homosexual, and during his time homosexual acts were illegal in the UK.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[4] [27] Homosexuality was considered a mental disorder and practicing it could be tried in court.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In 1952, Turing's 19-year-old new acquaintance Arnold Murray [28] helped his accomplice break into Turing's apartment, and Turing reported the crime to the police.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

During the police investigation, Turing confessed to having been in a relationship with Murray and they were charged with gross promiscuity under section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing showed no remorse and was convicted of the same crime as Oscar Wilde had been convicted more than 50 years earlier.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[29] Turing was allowed to choose between prison and probation, but the latter was conditional on initiating libido-reducing hormone treatments.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

To avoid a jail sentence, he approved injections of the hormone oestrogen, which were administered for a year.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Their side effects included gynecomastia (breast enlargement).


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Due to the conviction, his security classification was removed and he could no longer consult GCHQ on cryptographic issues.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

At the same time, there were concerns in the public eye about espionage and that homosexuals would be exposed to traps by Soviet agents.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

On June 8, 1954, Turing was found dead by a Turing cleaner; he had perished the day before from cyanide poisoning.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

The poison he had apparently obtained from an apple impregnated with cyanide lying half-eaten next to his bed.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

The apple itself was never tested and cyanide poisoning was determined as the cause of death in an autopsy.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Generally, his death is believed to have been deliberate and was condemned as a suicide.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

However, his mother persistently maintained that the death was accidental and was the result of negligent preservation of laboratory chemicals.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Biographer Andrew Hodges suggests that Turing may have killed himself in an interpretative way to allow his mother to regard death as an accident.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[30] Others have suggested that Turing staged a scene from Snow White, which was his favourite fairy tale.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[31] Since Turing's homosexuality was probably considered a security risk, he has also been suggested to have been assassinated.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[32] His body was cremated at Woking Crematorium on 12 June 1954.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Recognition after death Since 1966, the Association for Computing Machinery has awarded an annual Turing Prize to an individual who has had a significant impact on the development of computer technology.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

It has been widely regarded as the computer science equivalent of the Nobel Prize.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing has been given different types of tributes in Manchester, where he worked towards the end of his life.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In 1994, part of the A6010 road (the inner ring road of the city) was given the name Alan Turing Way.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

On 23 June 2001, a memorial statue of Turing was unveiled in Manchester.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

It is located in Sackville Park, between the University of Manchester's Whitworth Street building and the “gay quarter” of Canal Street.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

On 5 June 2004, the British Logic Colloquium and the British Society for the History of Mathematics held a celebration at the university to celebrate Turing's life and achievements, and that summer the university's Alan Turing Institute was opened.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

In July 2007, the Alan Turing Building was opened, housing the university's Faculty of Mathematics, the Photon Sciences Institute and the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

On 23 June 1998, Turing's 86th birthday, his biographer Andrew Hodges unveiled English Heritage's official blue commemorative plaque at his childhood home in Warrington Crescent, London, at the present Colonnade Hotel.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[33] [5] On the 50th anniversary of Turing's death on 7 June 2004, a memorial plaque was unveiled at his former residence in Hollymeade, Wilmslow.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Several universities have honored his computer achievements.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

On 28 October 2004, a bronze statue cast by John W. Mills was unveiled at the University of Surrey in Guildford.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[34] The statue commemorated the fact that 50 years had passed since Turing's death.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

It plays him carrying books across campus.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

A life-size statue of Turing weighing 1.5 tonnes was also unveiled at Bletchley Park on 19 June 2007.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Stephen Kettle carved it out of half a million pieces of Welsh clay shale.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[35] On 10 September 2009, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown apologised in writing on behalf of his government for Turing's treatment: [36] [37] Turing's conviction was finally quashed in 2013, [38] and the official pardon motion passed by the British government.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[27] In 2014, the film about Turing premiered The Imitation Game.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

The film is directed by Morten Tyldum, and Turing is played by Benedict Cumberbatch.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing as a runner, Alan Turing was a national level marathoner.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

He finished fifth for Great Britain at the 1948 Olympic Qualifiers.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[39] The Turing Relay running race [40] is a six-part relay run along the river bank from Ely to Cambridge and back.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Turing used the route while running at Cambridge; his best time in the marathon was 2.46.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

[35] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Copeland, B. Jack (ed.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

) | title= Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers| location = New York| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2006}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hodges, Andrew| title = Alan Turing: The Enigma| location = New York| publisher = Simon & Schuster | year = 1983}} CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hodges, Andrew| title = Alan Turing, riddle| others = Translated by Kimmo Pieittiinen| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra Cognita| year = 2000| version = (Initial work: Alan Turing: The Enigma, 1992.)}}


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Copeland, B. Jack (ed.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

) | title = The Essential Turing| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2004}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Copeland, B. Jack (ed.


Question: When did Alan Turing die?

Alan Turing

) | title = Alan Turing's Automatic Computing Engine| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Yates, David M.| title = Turing's Legacy: A history of computing at the National Physical Laboratory 1945—1995| publisher = London Science Museum| year = 1997}} On topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Category:British mathematicians Category:British philosophers Category:British computer scientists Category:People who committed suicide Category:Philosophers of mind Category:Members of the Royal Society Category:Developers of computer science Category:Logicians Category:People born in 1912 Category:British statisticians Category:Cryptography Technique Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

Efforts to separate church and state in Finland concern the separation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland and the Finnish Orthodox Church from the state.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

The Lutheran and Orthodox Church in Finland have been called the State Churches, the churches themselves instead call the People's Churches [1] [2].


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

According to critics, the relationship between church and state can be characterized as state-ecclesiastical because the joints between state and church are so powerful [3].


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

None of Finland's major political parties today actively push for the complete separation of church and state.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[4] In a presentation published by the Prometheus Society in 1907, Professor Edvard Westermarck said: “Isn't it about time we, too, in the name of society, chastity and religion of our people, decreed that complete freedom of faith must be, that no particular privileged religion shall be allowed to in a society to exist, that church must be separated from the state?” [5] The Forssa Programme of the Social Democratic Party of Finland in 1903 stated: The Religious Freedom Act, which came into force in 1923, gave non-religious people full civil rights.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[6] However, the call for separation of state and church did not materialize.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[7] The Church and State Committee explored the relationship between church and state 1972—1977 at the request of the Lutheran Church.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[8] In its report, the Committee was essentially unanimous with the 1970 corresponding committee of the Lutheran Church.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

The committee felt that the relationship between churches and the state should be kept intact.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[9] In 1993 there was a reform of church law and 1995 a fundamental rights reform of the form of government.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[10] The Constitution of Finland states that the form of order and administration of the Evangelical Lutheran Church is governed by church law.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[11] The Finnish Orthodox Church is governed by the Law on the Orthodox Church.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[12] [13] Among other things, the Freethinkers Union considers that churches should not have public law or privileges.


Question: When was Finland found to be Evangelical Lutheran?

[14] See also the relationship between churches and the state in Finland Church law Church law Breach of the peace of faith Sources Category:Religion and State Category:Religious laws of Finland Category:Religion in Finland Category:Religion and politics Category:Religion in Finland


Question: How long is the Arctic Ocean?

Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is a road connecting the port of Liinahamari, which was located on the western shore of Rovaniemi and Petsamonfjoro, completed in its entirety in 1931.


Question: How long is the Arctic Ocean?

Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean Road was 531 kilometres long and five feet wide when completed.


Question: How long is the Arctic Ocean?

Arctic Ocean

Under the 1938 road numbering system, the Arctic Ocean became part of Highway 4, which even today mainly follows the old Arctic Ocean alignment from Rovaniemi as far as Ivalo.


Question: How long is the Arctic Ocean?

Arctic Ocean

However, the northernmost section of the original road remained in the ceded territory in 1944, and today Highway 4 leads to Utsjoki and the Saami Bridge, the Norwegian border.


Question: How long is the Arctic Ocean?

Arctic Ocean

The first alignments At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the northernmost road in the Grand Duchy of Finland extended from Rovaniemi to Tankapirt on the Maaselä slope, from where a winter road to Ivalo continued.


Question: How long is the Arctic Ocean?

Arctic Ocean

The transport route to Kirkkoniemi The western import lanes for raw materials needed by Finnish industry quickly became almost overgrown, because the few open import lanes were bound by the shipments of military equipment.


Question: How long is the Arctic Ocean?

Arctic Ocean

As raw cotton in particular was difficult to get to Finland, cotton mill managers began to explore the possibility of transportation through the Arctic Ocean and in November 1915 entrusted the organisation of transport to Lennart Halleen, a connoisseur of the conditions in Lapland, Lennart Hallen.