Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[16] Sauna conditions The recommended humidity during the sauna is 40-60 (70) grams of water per kilogram of dry air.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Concentrations below 40 grams or more than 70 grams can cause an unpleasant odor.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In this area of humidity, the suitable sauna temperature at the height of the sauna head is usually between 70 and 100°C.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The bathing temperature of about 70 to 85 degrees is perceived with that humidity as resting, heat of 80 to 95 degrees as normal and 90 to 105 degrees as hard sauna temperature.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

For example, for fire safety reasons, it is pointless to raise the temperature above 100 to 105 degrees, since the heat load on the bath ice is already very high by raising the air humidity to the upper limit to 70 g per kilogram of air.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

On the other hand, when sowing at low temperatures below 70 degrees, air humidity easily rises above recommended, and hygienic or construction inconveniences may occur.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Ventilation should be at least 6 liters per second for each square meter of room area in the sauna.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[11] In modern saunas, approximately 2-2.4 m high, the benches are located at a height of 1 to 1.5 m, giving a suitable distance from the suspended ceiling, about one meter.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In saunas designed to be accessible, the benches may be lower, or separate sauna chairs may be used.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In this case, the stove should be installed, for example, in a recess made in the floor.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Stove stones should be at or below the height of the sauna's feet.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Sauna habits Most often in Finnish saunas, at first calmly get used to the heat of the sauna.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[17] Then throw harder and often beat oneself calmly.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Vastominen is also used in Eastern Finland to contrast the name bathing and in Western Finland the name of hydrosis, and its effect is mainly massaging and cleansing the skin.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In Western Finland, the orthodox marsh is tied with a bent birch branch, in Eastern Finland with a collar twisted from the birch stem.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Birch branches are well suited for tying while the best whiskers are lower branches of small iron birches.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[18] Contraindications remain dried beyond winter.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Dried contraindications need to soak before use first in lukewarm and then warm water.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[19] The temperature of hot water does not matter much in terms of energy consumption, but cold water consumes the stones in the stove slightly faster than when using hot water.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[20] Many people have the habit of drinking in the sauna or sauna, for example, a sauna dish or soft drink.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Between saunas, it is common to cool off, possibly in a lake, open in winter or in a snow glove.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[21] However, there is no correct formula for sauna bathing, but sauna activities are quite personal and depend very much on the habits, condition and age of the saunas themselves.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Healing and ritual cleansing Sauna has been a traditional cure or part of treatment for very many different diseases.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Thanks to the heat, the sauna has been a hygienic place.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

According to the old saying, if not a sauna, tar and liquor help, there is a disease to death.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In the sauna, the sick are cured: cupped, blown, massages and straightened members.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The sauna is still used, for example, for the treatment and prevention of colds.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Sauna bathing also makes the asthmatic feel easier.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

A heart patient can sauna if the ailment does not prevent brisk walking - the burden on the heart of the sauna is of the same order.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[22] In Finnish rural culture, the sauna has been a place for both birth and death.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In the sauna, obstetrics and the first wash of the newborn were treated.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

There, on the other hand, were also taken to wash the bodies of the dead.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[23] Health hazards and pollution One third of fine particle deaths in Finland are caused by wood burning in saunas and fireplaces.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[24] Fine particles in the air pose 50-80% of environmental health risks and kill around 2,000 Finns [25] and around 400,000 Europeans every year.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[26] In the metropolitan area, small wood burning produces 40% of air particulate matter in December—February and 20% in September—October, more in small-house areas.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[27] Over the course of the 21st century, small-burning of wood has increased by almost 50%.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[28] A few ten people die each year as a result of sauna bathing in Finland.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In such accidents, drunk farms have accounted for more than half of all cases.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[29] Physiological effects The sudden heat load occurring in Saunoe initiates various balancing mechanisms.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The temperature of the skin and deep parts of the body changes, the person sweats, the hair vessels dilate, the skin reddens, and the heart rate increases.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The effects are strongly individual and are influenced by habit.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[30] The heat of the skin rises to 40 degrees at the beginning of the sauna in a couple of three minutes.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

After that, sweating begins, which temporarily lowers the heat of the skin.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Blood carries heat from the internal parts of the body to the surface, and the temperature of the skin rises again.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The heat of deep parts of the body rises to 38—39 degrees Celsius.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[31] Sweating occurs in the form of vaporization, but partly in the form of droplets on the surface of the skin, which decreases the heat-equalizing power of sweating.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Fifteen minutes of sauna removes water from the body no more than one percent of body weight, about half a kilogram.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

After the sauna, a person feels a decreased need for urination and increased thirst.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[32] Due to the fluid drainage effect, boxers, wrestlers and weightlifters often use saunas to quickly drop a lot of weight before their weigh-ins.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In the sauna, you can remove up to three kilograms of fluid from the body in 90 minutes.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

However, such dehydration causes muscle weakness.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[33] Heat expands the vasculature of the skin, the resistance veins of the skin, and increases venous elongation.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The heart is forced to pump faster blood so that blood pressure does not drop.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Heart rate rises to a level of 120-150 per minute.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Blood pressure does not change much, and in normal healthy individuals it most often slightly decreases.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

With an unaccustomed sauna, the need for oxygen can increase by 20%, and breathing becomes more frequent.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[34] Saunning also seems to improve vascular elasticity.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[35] Normal body functions are restored when the body cools down slowly after bathing.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

If after the sauna the body is quickly cooled in snow or cold water, the blood vessels in the skin contract, the heart rate decreases, and blood pressure rises.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

However, a healthy heart can withstand the increased strain well.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[36] Hormone changes in the sauna are typical stress responses.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Endorphin concentration increases at high temperature.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Changes in blood circulation and hormone secretion return to the level of rest within a couple of hours at the latest.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[37] Sauna bathing has so far not been shown to cure or prevent almost any disease.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

However, a recent study shows that plentiful sauna bathing reduces the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged men.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[38] Abundant sauna bathing also significantly reduces the risk of cerebral infarction.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[39] However, sauna bathing is perceived as relaxing, soothing, cleansing and refreshing, and can ease pain.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

After sports performance, sauna relaxes muscles and removes lactic acid.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Sauna bathing is not dangerous for the expectant mother, according to studies.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

For infants, sauna bathing is not suitable, and a very hot sauna is not recommended for children.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[40] Sauna bathing at a temperature that is too hot can cause burns or even death in extreme cases.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In 2010, Russian Vladimir Ladyzhenski died during the finals of the World Championships sauntering after being in a special competition sauna for more than six minutes.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Finn Timo Kaukonen, who won the final, suffered severe burns from his performance.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[41] The temperature of the competition sauna used in the World Cup competitions is 110 degrees, and the automatic water pump lowers half a litre of water on the stove twice a minute.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Hygiene Effects Sweating and rinsing cleanse the skin of microbes more effectively than a shower and bath.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Sweat flushes bacteria from the stratum corneum and sweat gland tubules.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Sweat emulsifies the fat of the sebaceous glands and clears sebum.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

When sweating, dead skin cells are also shed, which might otherwise accumulate on the skin as a thick carst and clog pores.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[42] The sauna, heated very hot, has once destroyed cancers like lice from grip and bedding.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[43] Sauna beliefs Sauna has been considered to have a special, supernatural cleansing effect.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In addition to a comfortable experience, sauna baths on the eve of the holidays have been a part of ritual purification.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Sometimes an individual holder, a sauna elf, was thought to be resident in the sauna.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In the sauna, you haven't been allowed to curse that the owner of the sauna wouldn't get angry.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[44] In a sauna or a loo, it is believed to be inhabited by leprechauns, especially people of fire who expel diseases caused by other people, namely enemies.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Particularly caring for the sauna can have been made by warming it with thunderstormed trees.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In this case, it is thought that power can also be obtained from the people of thunder.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The use of different wood species in sauna heating had magical purposes, similarly with lasts assembled from different materials.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

For example, a disease caused by water people during swimming, hatred of water, has been considered to be able to be treated in a sauna.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Water folk may also have been used as part of the treatment in the sauna and has sometimes been deliberately “taken into the sauna” along with the water used in sowing.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[44] The sauna also spelled, for example, Auteretarta, the fairy lady of the sauna, and her son: Löyly-boy Auterinen Auterettare, sweat from the spirit of the old Väinämöinen, the Lord.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[45] The following is from Hiitola: Go cough to Inkilä from Inkilä to Ätkilä Eat soft linen straw Don't be enough, don't want!


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

I'll tell you when I'm sowing, I'll respond with pace.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

A folk poem reads: [46] Healthy find, healthy warm, healthy boiling stone, wood finding, warm, stone tantrum spirelinen!


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Now get away from the gooey, dim the evil fool, from eating, gnawing, from the skin of this man, from the end of this boy's knee!


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

As a place of birth, the sauna was considered to be a safe place, which was important as in beliefs the newborn was perceived as particularly vulnerable to hostile supernatural influences.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

There are preserved folk poems in which the birther is in great distress because he cannot enter the sauna.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Installations similar to saunas of other cultures Saunas or similar establishments have appeared in many cultures throughout the ages.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The space intended for sweat baths is common in northern latitude cultures.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The North American equivalents of a Finnish sauna include sweat huts for Native Americans and Eskimos reserved for ritual purposes.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

They have traditionally not been accompanied by cleansing or washing up.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In more southerly latitudes, hot baths have commonly been attached to a larger washing facility with water pools and massage facilities.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

For such an example, the Turkish bath, namely hammam and ancient Roman baths, namely terms, as well as oil baths.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Moving into the so-called civilised era, the popularity of steam baths began to decline in the Western world, as spas were seen in some circles as vice and pagan establishments where drunkenness and sex were commonly practiced.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In the early 16th century, spas had to be stopped due to the spread of pestilence and syphilis.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[47] The sauna banja () used by Russians is almost completely similar in its traditional form to Karelian and Savonian saunas.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The main difference is in the entrance hall of the sauna (ven.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

предбанник), which in Russia has the same salvo as a sauna and separated by a salved partition, where in Finland the hut has been used as an entrance hall.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

One of the earliest written descriptions of the northern sauna originates in Russia with the Kiev historian Nestor describing the bath rites of the region north of Novgorod in 1113.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The chronicle describes bathing in hot perks while sauners match themselves with wood leaves.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

At the end of bathing, the sauners pour cold water over them.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[11] An even older description is set in 9th century Kiev, where the princess slain the envoys of a neighbouring tribe in a “bathhouse”.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In the low-forested countryside of central and southern Russia, saunas have traditionally been customary even in spacious baking ovens.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[48] The way still lives to this day among the Tverinkarelians, among others.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Bathing in the oven has also been known in Savo and Karelia, but it has only been used in the treatment of certain diseases.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The largest sauna and other records The largest wood-burning sauna in the world is a sauna completed in Suomenlinna of the Merisotaschool in 1904.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The area of the steam room is 65 m², the height is almost five meters.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Its ferries can accommodate up to 180 people.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[49] The title of the world's largest smoke sauna is claimed by more than one place: in Laupa in Central Finland, [50] in Kakslauttase in Lapland [51] and in Rauhalahti in Savo [52].


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The Lord's Purse, on the other hand, is said to have the largest land aid sauna in the world.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[53] The Guinness Book of World Records is the smallest sauna in the world, a wood-burning sauna with a height of 58 x 58 cm, with only 15 cm long stoves in the stove.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[54] The World Sauna Swimming Championships (World Steam Throw Championships) were held annually from 1999 to 2010.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

The 2010 final ended tragically when a Russian participant was killed and his fellow Finnish rival hospitalized.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

[55] See also Bridal Sauna Sources Laaksonen, Pekka: “Sauna — idea and culture”.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tero Halonen & Laura Aho (eds.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

) | title = Finnish symbols| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena Cost| year = 2005| isbn = 951-796-394-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peltonen, Jarno; Karjanoja, Matti; Peltonen, Kaarina| title = Sauna: made in Finland | publisher = Tambi| 7| id = ISBN 951-31-0792-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pentikäinen, Juha (ed.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

) | title = Spirit of Löly: Three continents baths: Inipi, furo, sauna| location = Helsinki| publisher = Building information| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-682-589-3}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koppelo, Heli & Alanen, Milka| title = Women sauna book| location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought | year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-20-6913-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Forsell, Market| title = Sauna Magic: Stories, Information, Moods| location = Helsinki Jyväskylä | publisher = Minerva| year = 2007| id = 9BN 78-952- 492-022-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Helamaa, Erkki| title = Heater: Sauna Heart| location = Helsinki| publisher = Building information| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-682-548-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nirkko, Juha| title = Sauna Little tradition book| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish literature| year = 2010| version=Folklore series| id = ISBN 978-952-222-166-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vuolle-Apiala, Risto| title = Smoke sauna: Before and now| location = Helsinki| publisher = Multicost| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-952-468-180-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saijonmaa, Arja| title = Aryan Sauna Book| location = Mariehamn| publisher = PQR| year = 2010| version = Revised, expanded translation of original Swedish art| id = ISBN 9978-52-5705-29-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Särkikoski, Tuomo| title = Invitation of the stove and the enchantment of the sauna — Decades of Finnish sauna| publisher = Gummerus and Finnish Sauna Society| year = 2012| id = ISBN 978-951-20-9081-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vuolle-Apiala, Risto| title = Smoke sauna book: Design and construction of traditional smoke saunas | location = Helsinki| publisher = Multicost| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-254-061-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vainio, Tiina| title = Sauna Yoga: Calm down and relax| location = location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2012| id = ISBN 978-951-0-38686-6}} On topic elsewhere (includes e.g.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

where the saunas are located) Anna Muurinen:.


Question: Where is Finland's oldest sauna?

Sauna

Church & City 19.6.2006. open data at the University of Jyväskylä JYX Publication Archive Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica is an American metal music band founded in Los Angeles, California, in 1981 by vocalist and guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Famed for its fast-paced and heavy music, Metallica is one of the most prominent bands in metal music throughout the ages, and is known along with Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax as one of the “big four” bands of the thrash metal genre.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In addition to James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich, who had been involved in the band since its inception, Metallica's line-up includes solo guitarist Kirk Hammett, who has played in the band since 1983, and bassist Robert Trujillo, who joined the band in 2003.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[1] Early in their career, Metallica garnered fans with their music especially in underground metal circles, but the band's first five albums also gained acclaim among critics.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica's third album Master of Puppets (1986) has been considered one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

With their fifth album, Metallica (1991), the band had musically moved closer to more conventional heavy metal, elevating the band more prominently to mainstream audiences.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[2] The album has sold over twenty million copies worldwide.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

After Metallica, the band recorded albums Load and ReLoad, which represented a lighter style, a cover album with Garage Inc., and a live album with S&M in association with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, until making a return to their thrash roots with their 2008 album Death Magnetic.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 2000, Metallica attracted attention with a lawsuit against file-sharing service Napster, launched by drummer Lars Ulrich after learning Napster was distributing the band's songs for free on the internet.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 2004, the band appeared in a positive reception documentary film Metallica: Some Kind of Monster, which depicted the band's harrowing crisis and strife and the recording of their eighth album, St. Anger (2003).


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 2009, the band was nobly inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[3] A cross between concert video and film, Metallica: Through the Never, scripted by band members, premiered in 2013.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica have released ten studio albums, the latest being 2016's Hardwired... to Self-Destruct.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band has been a nominee for Grammy Award winners 23 times, winning nine Grammys in all.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[4] In the United States, where Metallica has sold over 58 million albums, the band's six most recent studio albums have debuted at the number one spot on the Billboard 200 album charts.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Worldwide, by 2018, Metallica's record sales have surpassed the mark of 125 million albums sold, making the band one of the most successful musical artists of all time.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Some of the band's best-known songs include “Master of Puppets”, “Fade to Black”, “One”, “Enter Sandman”, “For Whom the Bell Tolls” and “Nothing Else Matters”.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

History Early Years (1981—1983) In the summer of 1981, Lars Ulrich met James Hetfield through one of his friends.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

However, Ulrich's audition for Leather Charm, composed of James Hetfield, Hugh Tanner and Ron McGovney, was not a success.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[5] Later, however, Lars contacted James after receiving permission from Brian Slagel to release one song on his Metal Massacre compilation album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[6] James agreed and, to his surprise, found that Lars's drumming skills had developed significantly.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

They recorded Leather Charm's early song “Hit The Lights” on which Hetfield and McGovney worked out guitars, bass tracks as well as sang and Ulrich played drums.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

However, the song still needed solos, but James Hetfield's skills were not yet sufficient for believable solos.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Eventually, judging by newspaper announcements, there were two viable candidates for Ulrich and Hetfield: one was Lloyd Grant and the other was Dave Mustaine.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[7] Both were allowed to attempt to play the solos for the song, and eventually Lloyd's version ended up on tape, albeit with Dave getting a spot as Metallica's second guitarist.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica's first song made it onto the Metal Massacre compilation, though, much to the chagrin of the band, its name was written in the form “Mettallica”.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On later editions of the album, however, the typo was corrected and they also included a re-recorded version of “Hit The Lights”, with solos played by Mustaine, and bass played by Ron McGovney, familiar to James from pre-existing band activities.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[8] However, McGovney's career as the band's bassist did not continue for very long after he got tired of the constant drunkenness and partying of the rest of the trio, especially when he had to do the work.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Hetfield and Ulrich took note of McGovney's displeasure and began looking for a new bass player.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

They saw future bassist Cliff Burton at a concert by his then-band Trauma in San Francisco and became convinced of what they saw.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On the way home to Los Angeles, intervals between the band members became tense.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Black violent behavior while drunk began to conjecture others.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

McGovney grew tired of the other members' drunken antics and announced his resignation from the band.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The trio Ulrich, Hetfield and Mustaine began persuading Burton to join the band.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[9] This was conditional on him not having to leave his friends and family in San Francisco.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The members of Metallica moved to San Francisco and on December 28, 1982, the bassist became incumbent Cliff Burton.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band did not perceive Los Angeles as a suitable environment for them surrounded by the city's glam rock scene and were well received in San Francisco.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[9] Hetfield and Ulrich liked Burton's playing style and stage performance: “It felt like there was a solo guitar player playing on stage instead of a solo bassist.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

“[9] Burton, on the other hand, liked Metallica's aggressive and unpretentious style, and he had long been tired of Trauma.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[10] Crew changes continued in the spring of 1983 when the band went to New York to record their first-born album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On this trip, the band decided that a successor needed to be obtained for Mustaine.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In New York, after a couple of concerts, they fired Mustaine and took the place of Kirk Hammett, a founding member of the band Exodus.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[11] The difference was heavy for everyone.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

However, Mustaine impressed in the band for almost a year.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[9] [12] Kill 'Em All and Ride the Lightning (1983—1984) In 1983, the band's first-born album, Kill 'Em All, was released.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Released by Megaforce Records in the United States and Music For Nations in Europe, the album was initially not a commercial success, but gained an increased Metallica fan base and rose to number 120 on the Billboard 200 chart with its 1987 reissue.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[13] Two singles were released from Kill 'Em Alli, 'Whiplash' and 'Jump in the Fire'.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Also, the song “Seek & Destroy” has become a fan favorite.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

With the release of the album, the band embarked on a United States tour.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The second album Ride the Lightning was released in 1984, from which the singles releases “For Whose the Bell Tolls”, the band's first ballad “Fade to Black”, and “Creeping Death”, about the plagues of ancient Egypt, emerged as hits.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On the album, the band went in a more melodic and ambitious direction.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

At the time of that album, Metallica asked John Bush (ex-Armored Saint, ex-Anthrax) as their vocalist, as Hetfield did not consider himself a good enough singer.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Bush, however, refused.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[9] Ride the Lightning ranked it at number 100 on the Billboard 200 list.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[13] Master of Puppets and first steps towards major success (1985—1986) In late 1985, the band's third album Master of Puppets was completed, which was released in March 1986.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album was a major success in metal music circles, although no singles were released from it.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Tracks such as the fast-paced “Battery”, the slow ballad-like “Welcome Home (Sanitarium)”, the instrumental “Orion” and especially the album's title track “Master of Puppets” emerged as classics.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The seventh track on the album was an over eight-minute piece of skill by Cliff Burton.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album was ranked on the Billboard 200 chart peaking at number 29 and it stayed on the chart for 72 weeks.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[14] The album was awarded a gold disc on November 4, 1986, and a six-time platinum album in 2003.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Many critics, including All Music Guide's Steve Huey consider the album to be “the best heavy metal album ever”.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[15] Following the album's release, Metallica toured the United States with Ozzy Osbourne.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[16] The death of Cliff Burton and the new bass player (1986—1987) as Metallica travelled through Sweden towards Copenhagen, Cliff Burton and Kirk Hammett were pulling cards from sleeping places, leaving Burton with an upper bed in the back of the bus.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[17] At night, the tour bus drifted into a ditch in Dörarp in Ljungby Municipality, Sweden after the driver lost control of the bus.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In the accident, Burton flew out of the bus window, the bus rolled over on top of him, and he died instantly.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The official cause of death for Burton, who died at the age of 24, was a chest compression injury and resulting lung damage.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[18] It remains undetermined whether the driver was under the influence of alcohol or whether black ice was caused by the accident.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The rest of the band survived what happened without serious injury at Cliff Burton's funeral was played mainly a song he made, “Orion” and his body was cremated in the presence of a close circle.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Burton's death left the band's future in doubt.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

However, Hetfield, Ulrich and Hammett concluded that Burton would have preferred them to continue playing.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band began looking for a new bass player, and about 40 entrepreneurs visited the auditions.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Bassist Jason Newsted, who played in the band Flotsam and Jetsam, had learned all the songs in the band and, after auditioning, received an invitation to San Francisco.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Newsted became the band's new bassist, but had to endure bullying from the rest of the band for about a year, as the other members wanted to see if Newsted would be tough enough to hold ground in the band.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[19] Metallica played the end of the tour, which had been broken due to Burton's death, in early 1987.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In March 1987, Hetfield broke his wrist while skateboarding, causing the band to be forced to cancel their Saturday Night Live appearance.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In August, Metallica released an EP album composed of covers, The $5.98 E.P.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

: Garage Days Re-Revisited, which aimed to test the playing skills of new bassist Newsted, to make use of the band's new recording studio and alleviate the grief caused by Burton's death.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 1987, the band released a still video compilation Cliff 'Em All in Burton's memory, which contained mainly footage of Burton shot by fans.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

... And Justice for All (1988—1990)... And Justice for All, the band's first album after Burton's death, was released in the fall of 1988.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album was a success and it reached number six on the Billboard 200 charts.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[13] The album sold a platinum album eligible for nine weeks after its release.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The mischief directed at Newsted reached the extreme during the recording sessions for the album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

His musical ideas were discarded and his playing was mixed on the record into almost inaudible ones.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[9] The album also featured the instrumental track “To Live Is To Die”, which remained as the last composition by the late Cliff Burton, containing a short poem written by Burton as recited by James Hetfield.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The song “Dyers Eve”, lyrics by Hetfield, is dedicated to his parents.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Three singles were released from the album, “Eye of the Beholder”, “Harvester of Sorrow” and “One”.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

... From the And Justice for All album, Metallica's first music video, One paraphrasing Dalton Trumbo's anti-war novel Military Boy, was produced, which emerged as a hit.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The video was voted number 38 on MTV's “Top 100 Videos of All Time” list in 1999, and was the most desirable song on MTV's heavy metal programme Headbangers Ball.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[20] In 1988-89, the band was on a major Damaged Justice world tour.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The tour's Seattle gig has later been considered one of the band's best appearances.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 1989, Metallica received its first Grammy nomination for... And Justice For All.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica was an advance favourite, but the win eventually went to Jethro Tull's album Crest of a Knave.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

This decision caused controversy among fans and in the music press.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The decision also made it into Entertainment Weekly's magazine's “The 10 Biggest Disappointments” list of the Grammy Awards.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[21] Three years later, Lars Ulrich referenced what happened after Metallica won a Grammy Award for their song “Enter Sandman”, saying “We have to thank Jethro Tulli for not releasing an album this year”.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Black Album/Metallica (1991—1993) In October 1990, Metallica relocated to North Hollywood to record their next album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Bob Rock, who had worked with artists such as The Cult, Bon Jovi and Mötley Crue, was hired as the album's producer.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica, also known as “The Black Album,” was remixed three times and cost $1 million to make.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 chart.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[13] The major radio hits that emerged from the album, “Enter Sandman” known for its guitar riff, the heavy “Sad But True”, and the melodic “Nothing Else Matters” put the band once and for all into the mainstream of metal music.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album has sold 15-times platinum in the United States and is thus the 25th highest-selling album in the United States.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica embarked on a world tour that lasted more than two years.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The tour began in Europe in the summer of 1991 when Metallica played on the Monsters of Rock tour along with Pantera and AC/DC, among others.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The European section ended on 28 September 1991 in Moscow, where a massive free concert was held at Tushino Airport.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Next, the band continued their tour of their homeland with a nearly year-long section of “Wherever I May Roam”, which ended in July 1992.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

At one concert on this tour, James Hetfield was in the wrong place at the wrong time while standing on a shower of fire.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

He received second- and third-degree burns.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[22] However, the tour was brought to a close and with Hetfield focusing solely on singing and in his place the guitar was played by Kirk Hammett's longtime friend and the band's guitar technician John Marshall.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The “Wherever I May Roam” tour continued with a US stadium tour with Guns N' Roses, lasting until October 1992.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In late autumn 1992, Metallica toured indoor rinks in Europe, also stopping at the Helsinki Ice Hall on December 16.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 1993, the band continued their tour under the name “Nowhere Else To Roam”, stopping in Finland at Oulunkylä Sports Park in June 1993.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The long tour put a strain on the band members and problems began to pile up especially between Lars Ulrich and James Hetfield, who suffers from substance abuse problems.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica released a live compilation Live Shit: Binge & Purge in 1993, which included material from their 1989-93 appearances.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Load, ReLoad and Garage Inc.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

(1994—1999) After almost three years of touring, Metallica returned to the studio for a year to write and record their sixth album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Load was released in 1996 and it immediately rose to number 1 on Billboard's chart.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[13] On the album, Metallica again changed their style to a more pronounced lighter direction.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

It came as a shock to many fans that the band members had cut their long hair off.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Although the album rose to the top of the charts after appearing, it split fan opinions in two.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album did not become the same kind of classic as the band's previous output, but the songs “Until It Sleeps” and “Mama Said” received a lot of radio play.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

During the early stages of Loaded's production, the band produced enough material to allow them to release a double album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

However, the band decided to release half of the songs and finish the remaining songs the following year.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

This resulted in the album ReLoad, which, like Black Album and Loaded, ranked number 1 on the Billboard chart.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[13] James Hetfield said in the 2004 film Some Kind of Monster that Loaded and RELOAD's songs were mediocre in quality.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

To promote RELOAD, Metallica performed the songs “Fuel” and “The Memory Remains” on NBC's Saturday Night Live program in December 1997, the latter of which Metallica performed with Marianne Faithfull.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[23] The band took a lengthy touring hiatus during which Metallica recorded a collection of cover songs for Garage Inc.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

album, which included two discs.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The first disc of the album contained covers from Diamond Head, Black Sabbath and Thin Lizzy, among others.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The second disc briefly contained the Garage Days Re-Revisited EP released after Cliff Burton's death.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On April 21 and 22, 1999, Metallica recorded two more appearances with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The symphony orchestra was conducted by Michael Kamen, who had worked with Metallica previously on “Nothing Else Matters”.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica wrote two new songs to play with the symphony orchestra, “No Leaf Clover” and “-Human”.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The appearances were released in 1999 as a double album and video, renamed S&M.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Problems (2000) In 2000, the mutual relations between the members of Metallica were inflamed.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band's internal division of labour had become pregnant for the members.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Drummer Lars Ulrich practically ran Metallica's business, guitarist-vocalist James Hetfield wrote almost all of the songs for the band and composed them together with Lars Ulrich.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Bassist Jason Newsted felt he was a “new” member of Metallica even after all his years, and didn't feel he was gaining the necessary appreciation in the band.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[24] Newsted also reported that James Hetfield did not tolerate the solo ventures of various members even during the band's season.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Newsted, for example, had several ensembles of their own over the years, including Echobrain and IR8.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[25] Metallica was on a trough: the previous two official studio albums Load and ReLoad failed to perform as expected, drummer Ulrich received negative publicity due to a Napster yupaka, Hetfield's substance abuse problems worsened and eventually bassist Newsted thought Metallica would break up.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[26] Newsted parted ways from the band in 2001.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Members other than Newsted, who already left the band, began to fear the band would break up.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[26] Napster (2000—2001) Metallica recorded the song “I Disappear” for the soundtrack of Mission: Impossible II, which turned out to be on radio play even before the song's release.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

While finding out the source that responded to the song leak, found the band file in the Napster file sharing program.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band also discovered that their entire production was on Napster for free download.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Of this, drummer Ulrich had enough and sued Napster, who distributed the songs.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[27] [28] He also won the trial.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The incident sparked protests among Metallica fans.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[29] [30] Metallica did not go to court with Napster alone.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 1999, the band also sued lingerie company Victoria's Secret [31] and, in 2000, the Guerlain cosmetics company for abuses of its trademark, the Metallica name.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[32] Compensation claims were settled outside the courtrooms.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[31] St. Anger album and new bassist (2001—2006) Despite problems, the trio Hetfield, Hammett and Ulrich, who were at the break-up point, decided to continue as a band through intensive therapy.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Recordings for the St. Anger album began in early 2001, but work was interrupted after Hetfield went into substance abuse rehab.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

There, Hetfield spent six months, keeping no contact whatsoever with the band.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The new album was not completed until 2003, following many misfortunes and shared therapy sessions, which were captured in Metallica's documentary Metallica: Some Kind of Monster.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Although making the album was difficult, for the first time in Metallica's history, for example, the lyrics of songs were actively involved by members other than James Hetfield.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The writing of the songs and the album's recordings were also slowed down by unconditional time limits for work imposed by Hetfield, who returned from substance abuse rehab and who began substance abuse therapy.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

James Hetfield, at the urging of therapists, was practically working day jobs at Metallica from twelve to four, after which Lars Ulrich and Kirk Hammett stayed with producer Bob Rock in the studio with each other to work on the material.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Among other things Ulrich this arrangement did not please, but Hetfield, despite requests, did not flex his time.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[26] Despite the clammy process, the album was completed in April 2003.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On the St. Anger album, producer Bob Rock played bass.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

During the album's completion, the band held auditions involving artists such as Jeordie White (Marilyn Manson), Scott Reeder (Kyuss), Eric Avery (ex-Jane's Addiction), Pepper Keenan (Corrosion of Conformity), Les Claypool (Primus), and Danny Lohner (former live bassist of Nine Inch Nails).


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

However, the final choice fell on bassist Robert Trujillo, who had previously played in Suicidal Tendencies and Ozzy Osbourne's band, who soon joined the band.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Trujillo's first public appearance occurred on May 6, 2003, at an MTV Icons event in New York City.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

According to the St. Anger album, a DVD was attached, with all songs from the album played in the band's rehearsal space live with Trujillo.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

St. Anger marked Metallica's return to heavier sound again.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band now played on lower-tuned guitars and bass than ever before, with almost all songs played in Drop C tuning.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The aforementioned documentary film, Metallica: Some Kind of Monster, which had its world premiere at the cinema on May 21, 2004, details the recording sessions at St. Anger, and how the band got out of their difficulties with help from therapist Phil Towle, among others.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

From St. Anger, the title track “St.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Anger”, whose highest ranking on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks list was 2.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Another song that performed well on the same list was “Frantic”, which rose to number 21.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 2004, the band released the Some Kind of Monster EP, supporting the film of the same name.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The EP included live tracks from the 2003 Paris concert as well as two versions of the new “Some Kind of Monster” song.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 2004, Metallica played their first post-bass player change Finland concert on 28 May 2004 at the sold-out Helsinki Olympic Stadium.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

More than half a year earlier, the approximately 41,000 tickets that went on sale on December 15, 2003 were sold out in four hours.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[33] Tickets that went on sale later also went into trade, causing audience numbers to almost 50,000 spectators.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band played as an additional encore song on the Kill 'Em All album, “Jump In The Fire”, which was first played at the time as a live version in Europe throughout the band's history.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[34] Sweden was also tough, with 55,802 spectators at Gothenburg's Ullevi Stadium two days after the Helsinki concert.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[35] Slipknot's drummer Joey Jordison and Slayer's drummer Dave Lombardo tucked Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich for one concert at the 2004 English Download Festival due to Ulrich being sidelined for health reasons.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In December 2006, Metallica released a DVD, The Videos: 1989-2004, which contained all of the band's music videos from 1989—2004.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On February 16, 2006, with Death Magnetic and two world tours (2006—2009), Metallica announced on their website that over fifteen years of collaboration with producer Bob Rock had come to an end.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica's tenth official full-length studio album would be produced by Rick Rubin.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica toured around the world in 2006 with the “Escape From The Studio '06” tour.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band did a similar tour in 1995.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 2006, Metallica's only concert in Northern Europe missed an appearance on the Tallinn Song Stage on 13 June.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The appearance was part of the Master of Puppets' 20th anniversary tour.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Among other things, the band played all the songs on the Master of Puppets album as well as other hits in front of over 78,000 people.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The touring concerts also saw the instrumental song “Orion” heard for the first time since Cliff Burton's death.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In week 22 of 2007, Metallica made Finnish chart history when the band simultaneously had ten albums on the official Finnish Top 40 Albums Chart by the label.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[36] [37] Metallica also went to play 2007 in July at the Live Earth concert in London.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band embarked on the 2007 “Sick of the Studio '07” tour from Portugal on June 28, 2007.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

After an eighteen-year hiatus, among others, the song “... And Justice For All” was heard at the concert.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

During the “Sick of the Studio '07” tour, Metallica performed in Finland on 15 July 2007 at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The first 40000 tickets for the concert in Finland were sold out in about 45 minutes.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On Metallica's previous tour to Finland in 2004, the Olympic Stadium sold out in about four hours.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[33] [38] The band played a new song from their upcoming album, later revealed to be “Cyanide”, at Ozzfest in Dallas on August 9, 2008.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album's first internet single release was “The Day That Never Comes” on August 21, 2008, whose music video was later released.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Four days later, a new “My Apocalypse” song was audible on Metallica's website.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Finally Death Magnetic was released on September 12, 2008.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band made a return to their 1980s thrash metal style, long songs, guitar solos and ambition on the album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[39] The band has said the return is partly due to producer Rick Rubin.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The Death Magnetic album ranked number one on the album charts of many different countries, including Australia, Canada, Mexico and the European album charts.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album also ranked number one on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

A week after the album's release, the album remained at number one on the Billboard 200 charts and the European charts.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

By the end of September, the album had visited the number one spot in 32 different countries.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[40] In Finland, Death Magnetic sold double platinum as early as 12.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

on Sept.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[41] Several fans of the band feel that Death Magnetic's album sound is too compressed on CD, causing the dynamics of playing to suffer.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

According to Ted Jensen, who mastered the album, the record is a victim of the so-called volume war.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[42] In May 2009, Activision released Guitar Hero: Metallica.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The game additionally features songs from bands that influenced members of Metallica.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The songs on the album sound noticeably better on Guitar Hero: Metallica.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[42] The Death Magnetic album was followed by a world tour that began in 2009, during which Metallica also visited Finland on the 14th and 15th.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

on June.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[43] Both of the band's performances at Helsinki's Hartwall Arena sold out in about 40 minutes.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 2009, Metallica also performed for the third time in Finland, at the Sonisphere Festival in Kirjurinluoo, Pori.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[44] [45] Lou Reed, his own record label and world tours (2011—2015) In the spring of 2011, Metallica recorded an album with Lou Reed in San Francisco.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Lou Reed had made the songs into a theatrical musical called Lulu, which was being performed in Germany.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On August 22, 2011, the band announced the release date of their upcoming album, Lulu, on November 1 in North America and the rest of the world on October 31.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

There are ten tracks on the album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 2012, Metallica toured the world performing their Black album in its entirety, also stopping at Finland 4.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

on June.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[46] The songs The Struggle Within, My Friend of Misery and Don't Tread On Me were performed live for the first time.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

That same year, the band left Warner Bros.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

:in and started his own record label, called Blackened Recordings.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[47] The new label will release Metallica's upcoming albums as well as reprints of old albums.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[48] In December 2013, Metallica became the only rock group in the world to have played on all seven continents.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On 8 December, Metallica performed at the Antarctic-based Carlin Research Station, located in the South Shetland Islands belonging to Argentina.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The audience included 120 members of the research station staff, as well as a few South American fans who won the competition organised by Coca Cola.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[49] Ten songs from the concert under the name Freeze 'Em All can be downloaded from the band's website.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[50] 2013 Metallica released the film Metallica - Through the Never.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Hardwired... To Self-Destruct (2015—) Guitarist Kirk Hammett reported in November 2015 that the band's next record would be released in late 2016 or early 2017.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[51] James Hetfield said in an interview with EMGTV in October 2015 that the band is in the studio working on a new album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[52] On August 18, 2016, Metallica announced on their website the track list and cover art of their tenth album Hardwired... to Self-Destruct.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Also, the album's first single “Hardwired” with its music video saw the light of day.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The release date for the upcoming album was announced as November 18, 2016, when it was released by Blackened Recordings, the band's self-managed record label.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Hardwired... to Self-Destruct debuted at number one in the United States album charts.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The title track “Hardwired” was chipped from the album as an extension of another four more singles: “Moth into Flame”, “Atlas, Rise!” , “Now That We're Dead”, and “Spit Out the Bone”.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

A music video was also released for each of the twelve tracks on the album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica announced that they would also be embarking on their new WorldWired Tour with their new album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On a tour consisting of stadium concerts in North America, Avenged Sevenfold, Volbeat and Gojira served as warm-ups for the band.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

[53] Style Metallica has been influenced by early heavy metal representatives such as Scorpions, Van Halen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Mercyful Fate, Motörhead, Diamond Head, Iron Maiden and Venom, known as a pioneer of thrash metal, have also influenced Metallica's style.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Early Metallica releases included fast tempos and instrumentals lasting up to nine minutes.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The songs were about religion, death, war, rage and drugs, among other things.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

In 1991, with the advent of a new producer, Bob Rock, Metallica simplified and clarified its music.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band reduced the number of aggressive and fast-paced songs to expand their musical range.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The move in this direction proved commercially successful as Black Album rose to first place on the Billboard 200 chart.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Metallica switched their lyrical approach and wrote songs that dealt with anger, loss and revenge.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On the albums Load and ReLoad, the heaviest metal music features have been abandoned almost completely and the songs hear influences from earthy blues rock, alternative rock and even country music.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

With St. Anger, Metallica made their biggest musical transformation ever.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The band sought a raucous and raw sound world for the album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The guitars and bass guitar on the album are tuned to the Drop-C tune, and there are none of the guitar solos on the album.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

The album's lyrics deal with topics such as the devil, anti-drug, claustrophobia, and the hypocrisy of religions.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

On their tenth album, Death Magnetic, Metallica again uses instruments in E tune in most songs (some with Drop-D) and the songs contain several guitar solos.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Members of Metallica's line-upOriginal (1981, 1982) James Hetfield - rhythm guitar, vocals Lars Ulrich - drums Dave Mustaine - guitar Ron McGovney - bass (1982—1983) James Hetfield - rhythm guitar, songs Dave Mustaine - guitar Cliff Burton - bass, backing vocals Lars Ulrich - drums (1983—1986) James Hetfield - rhythm guitar, vocals Kirk Hammett - guitar Cliff Burton - bass, backing vocals Lars Ulrich - drums (1986—2001) James Hetfield - rhythm guitar, songs Kirk Hammett - guitar Jason Newsted - bass, backing vocals Lars Ulrich - drums (2001—2003) James Hetfield - rhythm guitar, vocals Kirk Hammett - guitar, backing vocals Lars Ulrich - drums, Bob Rock - bassCurrent (2003—) James Hetfield - rhythm guitar, vocals Kirk Hammett - guitar, backing vocals Robert Trujillo - bass, backing vocals Lars Ulrich - drums Current James Hetfield — vocals, rhythm guitar (occasional solo guitar) Lars Ulrich — drums Kirk Hammett — solo guitar, backing vocals (1983—) Robert Trujillo — bass guitar, backing vocals (2003—) Former Jason Newsted — bass guitar, backing vocals (1986—2001) Cliff Burton — bass guitar, backing vocals (1982—1986) Dave Mustaine — solo guitar (1981—1983) Ron McGovney — bass guitar, backing vocals (1981—1982) Joey Jordison & Dave Lombardo — drums (2004) (Gig drummers after Ulrich fell ill) John Marshall — rhythm guitar (1986 & 1992) (Gig guitarist with Hetfield convalescing) Other persons Rick Rubin — producer (2006—) Bob Rock — producer (1991—2003), bass guitar on album St. Anger (2002—2003) Flemming Rasmussen — producer (1984—1988) Paul Curcio — producer (1983) Jon Zazula — producer (1983), manager (1983—1984) Timeline Discography Studio albums Concerts in Finland Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Halfin, Ross| title = Metallica in pictures| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like| year = 2009| version=( Metallica, 2006.)


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Preface by Kirk Hammet.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Translated by Päivi Paappanen| id = ISBN 978-952-01-0315-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Halfin, Ross| title = Invincible Metallica| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2012| version = (The Ultimate Metallica, 2010.)


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Opening words: Lars Ulrich.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Afterwords: Kirk Hammett.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Translated by Maria Sjövik| id = ISBN 978-951-20-8772-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = McIver, Joel| title = Metallica: Thrashtitans Road to become the greatest metal band in the world... and what happened| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like| year = 2005| version = ( for all: The truth about Metallica, 2004.)


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Translated by Ilkka Salmenpallo | id = ISBN 952-471-618-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Putterford, Mark (ed.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

) | title = Metallica| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 1995| version = (Metallica in their own words, 1994.)


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Translated by Leena Lehtinen| id = ISBN 951-31-0550-4}} On the topic elsewhere.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

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Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

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Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

is Twitter.


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica


Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

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Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

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Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

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Question: How many albums did Jane's Addiction make?

Metallica

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Peloponnesian War was fought mainly between alliances led by Athens and Sparta between 431—404 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

After the Persian Wars, Athenian power had grown enormously, and other city-states feared that Athens would become too powerful.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Eventually war broke out between Sparta and Athens.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Peloponnesian War was one of the turning points in ancient Greek history.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The war drew almost all Greek city-states with it, and an unprecedented number of people died during it.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

During the war, both sides also committed atrocities which had previously been spared.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The early phase of the war is usually referred to as the War of Arkhidamos, after the Spartan king Arkhidamos.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In the early years of the war, Athens led by Pericle tried to avoid fighting.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Pericles, however, died of the plague that struck Athens in 430 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The first phase of the war ended in 421 BC, when the parties concluded the so-called Peace of Nikia.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

until 415 BC, when the Athenians sent an expedition to Niciah under the direction of Sicily to assist their allies against Syracuse.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians' Sicilian war expedition failed when the Athenians were completely defeated by the Spartans' own expedition.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

After the failure of the Sicilian war expedition, the Ionian cities under Athenian rule revolted, inspired by the Spartans.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Persian Empire, too, began to assist Sparta after this.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Led by Alkibiadee, however, the Athenian fleet defeated the Spartan fleet, and by 406 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

by Athens had reclaimed most of its former kingdom.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The final turning point of the war was when the Spartan Lysandros regained control of Hellespontos.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Spartan fleet completely destroyed the Athenians fleet in 405 BC, and Athens surrendered in 404 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The course of the Peloponnese War was documented by historian Thukydides in his book The Peloponnese War.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Thukydides served as a strategist, or warlord, during the war, but was removed from office after he had been unable to prevent the Spartans from taking Amphipolis.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Thukydides was himself present during more of the events of the early part of the war, and in other respects his book is based on eyewitness accounts.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Thukydides begins his book as follows: The war parties of the Delos Maritime Union, namely the Athenian Empire After the Persian Wars, some of the Greek city-states formed Athenian led by the Delos Maritime Union, whose members were to equip the union for the use of ships in common for defense and to secure Greece against the Persians.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The union took its name from the island of Delos, on which the union's common treasury had been stored.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Over time, union members began paying the union money in lieu of equipping ships.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

At the start of the Peloponnesian War, apart from Athens, only Khios and Lesbos maintained their own fleets.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In 454 BC.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

the funds of the union were also transferred to Athens, which was clearly the strongest member of the union.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Over the next few decades, Athens took advantage of its leading position, interfering in the internal affairs of other members of the union.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The union is sometimes anachronistic referred to as the “Athenian Empire”.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[1] The Peloponnesian Federation in Greece's other leading city-state Sparta also had its own alliance, which included most of the cities in the Peloponnese.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The union also included Corinth and Thebes.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Although Sparta was clearly the strongest member of the union, all members had one vote in the union's decisions.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[2] The war forces of Sparta and its allies were, for the most part, infantry-oriented.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Spartan army was arguably the best-trained in Greece and much larger than Athenian.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Of the members of the Peloponnesian Federation, only Corinth had a significant fleet.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

With their fleets, Athens and its allies were able to control the Aegean Sea and disrupt commerce between Sparta and its allies.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Because the parties in the war were so different, it was difficult for them to produce a decisive battle.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[2] War Background The Athenian-Spartan feud had begun as early as the so-called First Peloponnesian War of 460—445 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The reasons for the war are usually counted as Athens' arbitrary behaviour against Sparta's allies.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

According to Thukydidee, the main reason for the war was that Sparta feared the growing power of Athens.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

There were many events leading up to the war.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Corinth complained to its ally Sparta about Athens being involved in a dispute between it and Kerkyra (now Corfu).


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Kerkyra was a former colony of Corinth, and had in 435 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

started a dispute with his own colony Epidamnos (present-day Durrës in Albania).


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Corinthians intervened in the dispute, aiding the Epidamnosans.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Athens, in turn, gave its support to Kerkyra.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

As Kerkyra had one of the largest fleets in the Greek world at the time, Corinth was concerned that the Athenian and Kerkyra fleets would collectively be too difficult a resistance to overcome.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[3] In 433 BC.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians and Kerkyran fleets defeated the Corinthians at the Battle of Sybota and prevented Corinth from attacking Kerkyra.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Around the same time, Athens began besieging the Poteidaia Colonia on the Khalkidike Peninsula.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Poteidaia was once founded by Corinth, although it at that time was part of the Union of Athens.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians feared that Poteidaia would revolt and draw other cities with them as well, and demanded, among other things, that the Poteidaians dismantle the walls of their city.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

However, to this the Poteidaians could not agree.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians decided that Poteidaia was compelled to submit to Athenian demands.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In 432 BC.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians began the siege of Poteidaia.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

After the Battle of Sybota and the Poteidaia Controversy, Corinth tried to persuade its allies, and especially Sparta, to declare war on Athens.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

However, the Spartans were reluctant to start a war because of these events.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[4] Year 433 BC


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

towards the end, Athens also placed Sparta's ally Megara under embargo because the Megarans had cultivated land consecrated to Demeter.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In reality, the embargo was probably in retaliation for Megara having sent ships to Corinth's aid against Kerkyra.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Athens would also have wanted Megara to resign from her alliance with Sparta.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Megara was located namely in the western part of Attica, and the Peloponnesian army could easily attack Athens through it.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Megarans complained, of course, about Athenian behaviour to Sparta.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The inhabitants of the island of Aigina, near Athens, also complained to Sparta that the Athenians had deprived the island of its sovereignty by stationing their own garrison on the island.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[1] After hearing the Megarans' complaints, the Spartans sent envoys to Athens to demand that Athens end the embargo on Megara.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Pericles objected to this because Athens and Sparta had previously agreed that all disputes would be resolved through mediation.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans, on the other hand, could not agree to this and began a war against Athens and its allies.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Thukydides argues that the embargo on Megara was only a suitable pretext to start a war, and that in reality the reason was Sparta's fear of the growing power of Athens.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[5] The beginning moment of the war is considered to be March 431 BCE, when 300 Thebans attempted to take Plataia by surprise attack.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The territory controlled by Plataia was located between Thebes and Megara, and prevented the Thebans from reaching their allies.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Thebes and Plataia were, of course, old enemies, and the Thebans had long dreamed of the conquest of Plataia.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

A Plataian traitor allowed the Theban soldiers into his city, but the surprised Plataites were able to capture all the invaders and, in a fit of rage, killed them all.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The devious surprise attack by the Thebes and the brutal execution of prisoners of war by the Plataians was against the notion the Greeks had of warfare at the time.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[6] The course of war The Peloponnesian War can be divided into different phases: the Arkhidamos War (431—421 BCE.)


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Peace of Niciah (421—414 BCE)


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Union of Argos and Athens (419—418 BC)


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Sicilian War Expedition (415—413 BC)


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Dekeleian or Ionian War (|413—404 BC)


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

War of Archidamos Athens and Sparta Plans Early in the war The plan of Pericle, an influential Athenian politician, was to evacuate the inhabitants of the rural Attica city walls that surrounded Athens and its port city of Piraeus today known as Themistoklee's walls to the shelter.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The cattle, on the other hand, would be sent to the island of Euboia.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

According to Pericle's plan, Sparta would be in no position to defeat Athens.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Sparta's strategy was to invade Attica surrounding Athens under King Archidamos II and force the Athenians into a decisive battle.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Although the Spartans disposed of the environs of Athens in the first year of the war, no greater suffering was inflicted upon the city itself, as it could be serviced by sea.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Spartan troops would only be able to hold Attica for a short period of time before their food supplies would run out.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[7] However, Pericle's plan was not to the liking of all Athenians.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

When the Spartans plundered the Attica countryside, some Athenians, among whom Kleon was the loudest, began to accuse Pericle of cowardice.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

However, the Spartans were unable to do any lasting damage.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Arkhidamos had also been against the war in its beginnings and hoped that the whole dispute could still be sorted out through negotiations.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

According to Pericle's strategy, Athens would win if it avoided larger battles.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[7] Before the war, Athens had gained control of Naupaktos, which was located north of the Gulf of Corinth.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians had inhabited Messenians hostile to Sparta there and might thence block Corinth's contacts facing west.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians decided to do just that and sent Formion with twenty ships to Naupaktos.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Corinth and Sparta sent with their allies to Brasida and a fleet led by Knemos to defeat Formion, but this defeated the much larger fleet of the Peloponnesians at the Battle of Naupaktos in 429 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[8] Plague strikes Athens in the year 430 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

in the summer the plague spread to Athens.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

According to Thukydide, the plague spread from Egypt initially to the port city of Athens, Piraeus.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

From there it spread to Athens itself, where most of the inhabitants of Attica had been stomped inside the walls in the escape of Spartans.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In such circumstances, the plague was probably easy to spread among the Athenians.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

When the Athenians sent reinforcements to the siege of Poteidaia, the plague also spread among the besiegers.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The plague didn't hit as drastically the rest of Greece.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The pestilence killed one-third of the inhabitants of Athens, including Pericleen and his son.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The plague was a major blow to Athens, which lost a significant portion of its male power.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[9] The following year, the Spartans began besieging Plataia, under pressure from Thebes and perhaps because they did not want to attack plague-stricken Attica.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Plataians sent their women and children to evac Athens and left only 400 soldiers in the city itself, who could easily defend the city against overwhelming enemy forces.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In 428 BC.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Athenian ally Mytilene on the island of Lesbos began to revolt, and soon the entire island except Methymna had settled behind Mytilene.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians immediately sent 40 ships to subdue the rebels.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, the Mytileneans sought help from Sparta, who decided to send a fleet of their own and those of their allies to the aid of Mytilene.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

At the same time, the Spartans decided to make another attack on Attica


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

However, the fleet was not completed in the same year.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians also failed to defeat Lesbo, but did get Mytilene surrounded by land and sea.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Mytileneans held their ground because they believed the Spartans would soon come to their aid.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[10] Year 427 BC


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

in the summer, the Spartan fleet under Alkida embarked on a voyage towards Lesbo.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Alkidas soon learned, however, that Mytilene had surrendered to the Athenians.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In the same summer, the Plataians defending the city of Plataia also surrendered.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans sentenced them all to death.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians also decided to sentence the inhabitants of Mytilene to death, but they regretted their decision as early as the next day.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

A ship sent to Mytilene quickly got there just before the verdict could be put into practice.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[11] With the death of Pericle, Athens had lost its distinct leadership figure.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

A new more belligerent line began to be driven by Periclee's greatest opponent, Kleon.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Athenian strategy became much more aggressive after this, and in 427 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Athenian strategist Nikias captured the island of Minoa, from which the port of Megara could be blockaded.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[12] To counter the Empire, the Athenians made several attacks on the Peloponnese from the sea during the war, but these had hitherto failed to produce greater damage to Sparta.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

According to Demosthenee's plan, the Athenians fortified a small cape of Pylos in the Peloponnese in 425 BCE.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The intention was to make Pylos a base from which to conduct war expeditions against Sparta and where Helots tired of Spartan power might flee.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Spartans in turn fortified the neighbouring island of Sfakteria, but they were trapped on the island after an Athenian fleet arriving on the scene defeated the Spartan fleet at the Battle of Pylos.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Demosthenes and Kleon defeated the remaining Spartans at the Battle of Sfakteria and took prisoner 292 Spartan soldiers.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The prisoners of war were transported to Athens, where they were threatened with execution if Sparta still invaded Attica.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[13] After the victories of Pylos and Sfacteria, the Athenians' enthusiasm grew, and they decided to attack Sparta's allies.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The first target was Megara, where Democrats were poised to plunge from power the city's oligarchic leadership.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians' attack failed when the Spartan warlord Brasidas unexpectedly arrived on the scene with an army.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In 424 BC.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians made an attack on Boiotia, where they planned to fortify the Temple of Delion.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians' intention was to sever the land link between Sparta and its Boiotian allies.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Athenian forces and the Boiotians led by Thebes clashed at the Battle of Delion.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

The Athenians lost this battle, which is characterized by the philosopher Socrates taking part in it.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

[14] Coinciding with the Battle of Delion, Brasidas led an army of allies and helotes through Thessaly to Khalkidike.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

Brasidas received support from the Macedonian king Perdikkas II.


Question: Who were fighting in the Peloponnese war?

Peloponnese War

In Khalkidike, he occupied the Athenian Colony at Amphipolis, which included many silver mines.