Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Scolastics does not specifically refer to any particular philosophical view or beliefs, but more an approach used to study, understand and learn, where the main focus was on dialectical reasoning and using logic to address the philosophical and theological problems encountered in solving.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Arabic and Jewish Philosophy As Judaism and Christianity originated as the religion of small groups, Islam evolved as the religion of a rapidly expanding empire.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

In the hundred years since Muhammad's death in 632, Islam had spread as far as India, North Africa and southern Spain.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

As a result, several different cultures came under Islam, confronting theological systems of Judaism, Christianity and Zarathustranism, and the old philosophies of India and Greece, among others.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

This led Islamic scholars to utilize philosophy in interpreting the doctrines of the Qur'an.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

In Islamic thought, in parallel with Christian scholasticism, there were similar flow of ideas, which sought to integrate ancient philosophy with Islamic theology.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The first phase of development involved the translation of Greek philosophical and natural science works preserved in Mesopotamia, Syria and Egypt into the Arabic language.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The translators were mostly Nestorian and Jacobite Christians who worked for the Abbasid Empire (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

800) period.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Among the most notable translators was the Syriac Christian Hunain ibn Ishaq (809—873), known in Latin as Joannitius.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Works were translated first into Syriac, then into Arabic.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Despite this, the translations were mostly fairly precise vocabulary translations.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

In the 9th century, Jacobites using Syriac translations alone translated into Arabic almost all of Aristotle's works, commentaries written by Alexander Aphrodisias, Themistios and Theophrastos, most of Plato's dialogues, and some Neo-Platonian works.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The next phase involves the development of Islamic kalam theology.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Kalam theology was divided into Mu'tazilite and Aš'arite schools.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The Mu'tazilites originated from groups gathered in Basra and Baghdad, who met to discuss how the ideas of Greek philosophy could be applied to some theological problems, such as the problem of the oneness of God and the free will of God's omnipotence to the existence of the problem caused by solving.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

They also developed testimonies for the creation of the world by drawing on Christian neo-Platonism.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The Aš'arites sought to clarify the teachings of the Qur'an.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

They denied all other reasons except God and at the same time also denied the existence of free will.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Al-Kindi (801—873) is often considered the first Aristotelian philosopher.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

He studied philosophy, logic, and natural sciences.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Al-Razi (865 — ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

925), in turn, defended Plato against Aristotle.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Aristotelism was continued by Al-Farabi (870—930) and Avicenna (Ibn Sina, 980—1037).


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The Aš'arite theologian Al-Ghazali (1058-1111), on the other hand, represented an Islamic reaction against Aristotle and other Greek philosophy.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The pinnacle of Islamic aristotelism is represented by Averroes (Ibn Rušd, 1126—1198), whose Hebrew translations of works also had great significance for Jewish philosophy.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

There was a similar scholastic flow in medieval Jewish philosophy, combining ancient philosophy in turn with the interpretation of the Tanakh, the holy book of Judaism.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Among the most prominent representatives of Jewish scholasticism in the Middle Ages was Maimonides.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Early Islamic philosophy also seemed significant to Western scholastics, as commentaries by Arabic scholars on the works of ancient philosophers became available in the West.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Early Scolastics The early Scolastics of the 10th to 13th centuries was largely based on Platonism, especially in its Neo-Platonic form.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Already in antiquity, such Platonism had been greatly mixed with the influence of Stolism and Aristotelism.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Plato's actual teachings, however, were poorly known.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Of his works, only the parts of Timaios on cosmology translated by Chalcidios [4] with explanations were known in Latin, as well as Faidon, Menon and parts of Parmenide translated between the 12th and 13th centuries.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

In particular, Timaios contributed considerably to scholastic thought, mainly in physics and other natural philosophy, on which early scholasticism was focused.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Other notable sources of Platonism included the works of Boethius (above all Consolation of Philosophy), Macrobius and Martianus Capella, a commentary on Timaios by Chalcidius, and writings belonging to the Hermetic tradition.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[5] Key philosophical problems related to interpretations of Platonism and Neo-Platonism, fitting Christian thought.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

According to Timaios, the world had been created by a lower creator god, the demiurgist, and neo-Platonism, on the other hand, had extended the cosmogony of creation by more lower god figures whose responsibility was to create ever lower and more material levels of the universe.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Such ideas did not naturally lend themselves to single-god Christianity.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Another problematic point was the idea of a world soul put forward by both Plato and Boethius.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

However, neo-Platonism's interpretation of oneness emanated levels of reality, logos (reason, word) and psychhe (soul, spirit), suited Trinity doctrine.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

For example, Willelmus Concheslaine linked the world soul to the Holy Spirit.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The third typical problem concerned the eternity of ideas and matter taught by Platonism, both of which contradicted the doctrine of Christianity that only God is eternal.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Ideas were already identified with the ideas of God, according to Augustine's interpretation, whereby they could be at the same time as eternal as God, but still born of him.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Regarding matter, some already favour the idea put forward by Boethius that there were two kinds of eternity, the timeless eternity of God on the one hand, and the temporal eternity of matter on the other.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

However, some rejected this theory, holding that matter originated in creation.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[6] In physics, philosophers often seek to search for natural causes for events.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Among other things, the creation narrative was explained by physics as an entirely natural event, already a distinction guided by the laws of nature from the supernatural God's guidance.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The use of the natural science method may have come from Arabic scientists whose knowledge had gradually begun to be transmitted to western Europe.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Constantine Africanus, among others, influenced in this work.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[7] Notable persons in the Early Scholastic period included Anselm Canterburylainen, Petrus Damiani, Gilbertus Porretanus, Pierre Abélard, Petrus Lombardus and Johannes Salisburylainen.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The central centre of thought of the era was the Cathedral School of Chartres.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[8] The Renaissance of Science in the 12th century in the 12th century saw many changes in the social and political environment of the Middle Ages, often referred to as the 12th-century Renaissance.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

It can be seen as a kind of pre-Renaissance.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

During that time, a new kind of intellectual awakening occurred in European science, affecting both science and philosophical thought.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

These achievements laid the groundwork for later literary and artistic movements, most significantly for the 15th century Renaissance in Italy and the scientific revolution of the 17th century.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

High ascolasticism High-ascolasticism is described by a “great synthesis” between the theology of Christianity and aristotelism.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

This work was led especially by Thomas Aquinese.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The works of Aristotle were translated in preserved parts into Latin almost in their entirety during the 13th century.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Already Boethius had translated Aristotle's production into Latin.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

In the Middle Ages, Jacobus Veneticus and especially Vilhelm Moerbekelainen participated in this work.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[9] In addition to Aquinese, notable philosophers of the High-Cholastic period included Johannes Duns Scotus, William Occamite, Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, Alexander Halesian, Bonaventura, Albert the Great, Petrus Hispanus, and Henri Ghentiläinen.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Aquinoan accepted Aristotle's philosophy as a representation of natural reality, but considered that it also required an approach that transcends nature, that is, the supernatural.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Thus, in his thinking, the natural truth of philosophy and the supernatural truth of theology were complementary, not mutually exclusive.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[10] However, there were great conflicts with Christianity in Aristotelian thought.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

These included: [11] Physical determinism: Creation was a necessary event and our world the only and best possible world.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

God cannot accomplish anything without the natural causes he uses as tools.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

God's freedom of will would therefore be limited.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Intellectual determinism: According to Aristotle, knowledge compels will, in which case man would have no freedom of will.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

According to Aristotle, the world is eternal, when there would have been neither the first moment nor the beginning of everything.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

According to Aristotle, the soul dies with the body because the soul was not separate from the body but a form of being that enlivens it.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

According to some interpretations of Aristotle, the soul may have been eternal by universal intellectual functions, but they were not individual but part of the world soul.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Some, such as Sigerus the Brabantian and Boethius the Dacian, sought to bypass contradictions by making a clear distinction between philosophical and theological truths — they say they may have been entirely contradictory.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Similar thinking existed among Islamic philosophers.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Among other things, Aquinese rejected such thinking in his work Summa contra gentiles.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

According to him, there could be no contradiction between philosophical and theological truth.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The apparent contradictions were due only to the limited and incompleteness of our knowledge.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The same was noted in the Paris Lesson Documents, which condemned the presentation of excessively drastic Aristotelian interpretations as heretical.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[12] Via moderna Via moderna was a movement born in the early 14th century in the realm of scholasticism, which sought to break away from ancient philosophy-based thinking towards new thinking.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Duns Scotus and William Occamite, who were both Franciscans, may be considered as its central figures.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Franciscan theology was based above all on the Church Father Augustine, and they can be seen as a counterforce to Thomas Aquinas, who relied on aristotelism, and his school, many of whose representatives were Dominicans.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[13] The most notable differences in the thinking of Tumaa and these Franciscan theologians was the distinction between Aristotelian metaphysical realism (hand therealism) and nominalism.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Thomas held that universals existed as general essences separate from single isolions.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The individuality of individual isolations was determined by matter, not general essence, but human reason could only deal with general essences.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Duns Scotus shared this hand thealism, but represented a milder interpretation.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

He held that the formal distinction between individual and general essence arises in the human mind, which was a significant step in the direction of nominalism.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

William Occamite, on the other hand, represented the actual nominalist position and held that general essences cannot exist separate from single isolions.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

According to him, general concepts are mere names used for similar creatures.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Both Duns Scotus and Ockhamite considered that human reason was capable of perceiving and conceiving individual things as such, and only with their help formed general concepts.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

It also followed that the order to be understood by the world was essentially the mind's own creation.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

This paved the way for subsequent skeptical arguments.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[13] Another distinction between school municipalities concerned freedom of will.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

As outlined above, according to a stark interpretation of Aristotelian determinism, the agency of both God and men were limited.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Augustine, in turn, had been among the first to speak of the freedom of human will past reason.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Both Duns Scotus and William the Occamite relied on him and outlined a thinking called voluntarism.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

According to it, the final solutions in the actions of man are always made by the will.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Also, according to voluntarist ethics, what matters most to the morality of the act were the ends of human will-solving.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[13] Franciscan theology also served as the basis for later discussion of the natural rights of the individual.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The Franciscans were devoted to extreme poverty and refused to own anything.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

However, according to their opponents, it was not permissible for man to give up the natural right of self-preservation.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The Franciscans lost the dispute and were forced to admit that they too ultimately had inalienable rights.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

[13] Mysticism Mystics opposed scholastics in all its periods.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

They wanted to emphasize direct connection to God rather than logic, and believed that mystical experience can also be a source of human knowledge.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

They received excitations from Augustine and Dionysios Pseudo-Areopagita, who had brought neo-Platonist influences to medieval religiosity.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Notable mystics included Bernhard Clairvauxlaine, Hildegard the Bingenian, and especially Master Eckhart.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Towards the Renaissance During the Renaissance, humanists, philosophers and scientists often wanted to emphasize the difference to medieval thought.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

This is when the conception of the “Dark Ages” emerged, into which the Renaissance was considered to bring light.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

New research in particular, since the late 20th century, has highlighted features of medieval thought in the light of which the gear of the Middle Ages and Renaissance no longer appears as steep.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Many of the ideas considered to have arisen during the Renaissance actually date back to as early as the 14th century.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

In the history of philosophy, the Renaissance refers to the period from about 1350 to 1600, [14] of which traditional historiography reads most of it, until the 1510-1520 centuries, as the Middle Ages.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

In the Middle Ages, the way towards Renaissance philosophy was already cleared by the 12th-century Renaissance and the via moderna movement.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

The new ground was laid by social changes, such as the empowerment of cities and their courts alongside universities.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Medieval philosophers Augustine (354—430) Pseudo-Dionysios Areopagita (400/5th century) Isidorus Seville (560—636) John of Damascan (676—749) Alku (735—804) Rabanus Maurus (780—856) John Scotus Eriugena (810-877)) Fredegisius Tourtian (d. 834) Heiricus Auxerrelaine (841-876) Remigius Auxerrelaine (841-908) Ibn al-Haitham (Alhazen, ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

965-1039) Avicenna (980-1037) Berengar Toursian (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

999—1088) Petrus Damianus (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1007-1072) Mikael Psellos (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1018-1078) of Avicebron (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1021-1058) Anselm Canterbury (1034-1109) Odo Tournaite (d. 1113) Roscellinus (1050-1120) William of Champeauxlaine (1070-1120) Bernardus Chartreslaine (d. ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1130) Theodoricus Chartreslaine (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1100-1150) Avempace (d. 1138) Gilbertus Porretanus (1070-1154) Pierre Abélard (1079-1142) Willelmus Concheslaine (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1090-1154) Petrus the Capuan (12th century) Peter the Lombard (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1100—1160) John of Salisburylaine (1115-1180) Averroës (1126-1198) Moses Maimonides (1135-1204) Vilhelm Auxerrelaine (d. 1231) Robert Grosseteste (1175-1253) Raymundus Peñafortelainen (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1180—1275) Albert the Great (1193-1280) Alexander of Halesian (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1200-1245) Petrus Hispanus (13th century) Bernard the Trilian (13th century) Willelmus of Auvergnelaine (d. 1249) Richardus Rufus Cornwallite (d. c.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1260) Gerardus Abbévillean (d. 1272) Henri Ghentiläinen (1217-1293) Roger Bacon (1220-1292) Bonaventura (1221-1274) Thomas Aquinese (1224-1274) Ramon Llull (1232-1315) Matthew Aquaspartan (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1238—1302) Sigerus of Brabantian (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1240—1283/84) Boethius the Dacian (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1240-1290) Aegidius the Roman (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1243-1247) Petrus Johannes Olivi (1248-1298) Godefroid of Fontaineslaine (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1250-1309) Master Eckhart (1260-1327/28) John Duns Scotus (1266-1308) Durandus de Saint-Pourçain (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1275-1332/34) Franciscus de Marchia (d. ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1344) Walter Burley (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1275-1344/1345) Alvarus Pelagius (1275-1349) William the Occamite (1285-1347) Robert Holkot (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1290-1349) Gregorios Palamas (1296-1359) Nicholas Autrecourtlainen (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1299 — approx.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1369) William Crathorn (14th century) Jean Buridan (1300-1358) Bartolus de Sassoferrato (1314-1357) Nicole Oresme (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1323-1382) Georgios Gemisthos Plethon (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1355-1452) Cajetanus (1469-1534) Other notable persons of Constantine Africanus (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1020—1087), translator of ancient medical works Gerard Cremonan (1114—1187), translator of ancient works by Jacobus Veneticus (12th century), translator of ancient works by Vilhelm Moerbekelainen (ca.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

1215—1286), translator of ancient works See also Byzantine philosophy Medieval Science Medieval University Christian philosophy Islamic philosophy Jewish philosophy Scolastics Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Korkman, Petter & Yrjönsuura, Mikko (ed.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

) | title = History of Philosophy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-662-708-0}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hirvonen, Vesa & Saarinen, Risto (ed.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

) | title = Medieval Philosophy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-952-495-093-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Korkman, Petter & Georgian Grand, Mikko (ed.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

) | title = History of Philosophy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-662-708-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mäkinen, Virpi| title = Middle Ages History of Ages: Perspectives on the Development of Science, Economics and Social Theories 1100—1300| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-796-310-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Russell, Bertrand| title = History of Western Philosophy 2: New Age Philosophy | publisher = Porvoo Helsinki Juva WSOY| year = 1999| | version = (History of Western Philosophy, 1946.)


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

Translated by J. A. Hollo.


Question: Was Thomas an Aquinese monk?

Medieval philosophy

9th edition| id = ISBN 951-0-17886-1}} On the subject elsewhere entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Beautiful and Bold () is an American soap series whose first episode aired in its native country on March 23, 1987.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Its creators and original producers were William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell, whose work also includes another popular soap series Feelings and Fragrances (The Young and the Restless).


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

The series is produced by Bell-Phillip Television Productions Inc., and airs on the CBS television channel, with a single, approximately 20 minute [1] episode each weekday.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

The series has more than 26 million viewers in more than 100 countries.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

[2] In Italy it is broadcast as Beautiful, in France as Amour, gloire et beauté, in Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Morocco as Top Models, and in Sweden as Glamour, and in the United States as Belleza y poder in Spanish.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Presenting in Finland in Finland, the series premiered on Kolmoschannel on 20 January 1992 and the series moved to MTV3 channel 1993 after the channel renewal.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

It was the first daily soap opera to be seen in Finland, and it garnered more viewers than any other television programme in its prime 1990s years; the series' popularity began to grow as early as the autumn of 1992 and the million-viewer limit broke frequently.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

The age range of viewers was wide, from teenagers to retirement age; even the state counsellor Johannes Virolainen recognized himself as a friend of the series.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

During the 1990s, several actors from the Beautiful and the Brave visited Finland while manager Heikki “Hessu” Reijosen acted as tour organiser, and reciprocated journalists from Finnish tabloid and weekly newspapers went to follow the series filming in the United States.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

[3] In an interview with Evening Magazine in the 1990s, Bradley Bell, executive producer of the Beautiful and Bold series, estimated that the popularity of the series was based on the fact that the characters were ordinary people with whom it was easy for viewers to identify with.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

In addition to interpersonal relationships, the series has dealt with various problems, including incest, rape and homelessness.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Bell stressed that the primary purpose of the series was to entertain and address viewers on an emotional level.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

[3] From the late 1960s to the mid-1970s the once-weekly series Peyton Place had been the pioneer of the American soap opera programme type in Finland, and along the same lines had been continued by the 1980s global great favourites Dallas and a little later started. rival Dynasty.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Continuous-plotted family series have been a kind of interpersonal lab whose observance of mixes viewers have at least imagined that they can better understand their own problems and those of those around them.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

[4] In Finland, the phenomenality of the popularity of the Beautiful and the Bold was strongly reflected, for example, in the fact that, according to the Population Register Centre, 33 in the 1990s and in the first decade of the 21st century, eight more girls were given the first name Brooke.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

In addition, nearly 1,000 girls were baptized as Caroline by 2009.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

[3] On the other hand, only three sons received the name Ridge in Finland.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

[5] The ratings received by the beautiful and the brave were somewhat surprising in view of the fact that since the late 1980s the Finnish viewership was fragmented with the increase in channel offerings and everyone no longer watched everything as in the early days of television.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

[4] The popularity of the series began to wane when MTV3 started in 1999 a domestic sail series Scrambled Lives, which quickly took the position of the Beautiful and the Bold as the channel's viewer magnet.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

As recently as spring 2000, the series was trailed by nearly 900,000 viewers at its primetime, after which ratings have dropped considerably.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Today, around 200,000 Finns follow the series daily.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Since 18 November 2013, the series has aired one episode per day.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Forrester Creations Forrester Creations is a fashion house founded by Eric and Stephanie.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Characters Eric Forrester the patriarch of the Forrester family and widow of Stephanie.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Eric has six children: Ridge, Thorne, Kristen, and Felicia, along with Stephanie, and Rick (actually Eric Junior) and Bridget from his marriage to Brooke.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Eric and Stephanie also had a daughter, Angela, who has died.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Eric is a talented fashion designer who has co-founded Forrester Creations fashion house with Stephanie.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

She is a determined and strong personality for whom family unity and children are the most important things in her life.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

In addition to Stephanie, he has been married to Brooke Logan, Donna Logan and Sheila Carter.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

After Eric and Ridge sold the Forrester Creations fashion house to businessman Bill Spencer, the Forresters were allowed to stay to work at their former company.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Eric is today the CEO and co-owner of Forrester Creations fashion house, with 25% of his stake.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Eric remains heavily involved in the fashion house's operations and decisions.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

After Stephanie's death, Eric dated his former daughter-in-law Taylor Hayes until Taylor left her and left town.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge Forrester Ridge is the eldest son of Eric and Stephanie.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge's real father is Massimo Marone.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge is a co-owner of Forrester Creations fashion house, with his 25 per cent stake.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge has been married to Caroline, Brooke and Taylor, the latter two of whom on more than one occasion.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

He has four children: Thomas, Steffy (Stephanie) and Phoebe with Taylor, and Ridge Jr. aka RJ Brooke.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

She also considers Hope (who is biologically Brooke and Deacon's child) as her own daughter, having been raising this together with Brooke.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge's former wife Caroline was the daughter of Bill Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge is a very talented and well-known fashion designer who has worked most of his career at Forrester Creations.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

He is a determined and temperamental character who often seems to consider himself superior to others.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

In addition, Ridge was briefly dating Ashley Abbott at the time.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge and Brooke held their seventh wedding in April 2013, but Ridge left Brooke during their honeymoon, and the union was revealed to be invalid.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge left town and worked for over a year as director of Forrester International.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge returned back to Los Angeles in May 2014.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Thorne Forrester Thorne is the son of Eric and Stephanie.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

He is Darla's husband and they have a daughter Alexandria.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Darla died in a car accident.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

After this, Thorne became engaged to Taylor Hayes, but they eventually divorced when Nick Marone entered Taylor's life.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Later, Thorne and Taylor tried dating again, but mostly Thorne has lived as a single.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Thorne's daughter Alexandria, “Aly”, has arrived back in town as a teenager, and now works at Forrester Creations, as well as dating Forrester Creations photographer Oliver Jones.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Rick Forrester Rick (Eric Junior) is the son of Eric Forrester and Brooke Logan.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Rick is the general manager of Forrester Creations.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Rick was dating Ridge's daughter Phoebe.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

After Phoebe died, she began dating her sister Steffy.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Rick was dating overseas while living with Ashley Abbott.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Rick has also been married to Amber Moore and these were also born a child who died.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

In due course, Amber became a babysitter for teenage children Rick and Bridget.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Since then, underage Rick and the legal age Amber became infatuated with each other.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Amber started expecting a child, but since she had also been with the African-American Raymond (the role was played by Usher), Amber didn't know which one was the father.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Rick did not know this and Amber married Rick, though did not know if Rick was the father.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Amber exited to give birth to her child with her mother so that a possible secret wouldn't be revealed to everyone if the father turned out to be dark-skinned Raymond.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Amber's child died and she buried it in the desert.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Meanwhile, Amber's cousin Becky gave birth to a child that Becky did not want and Amber's mother contributed to the cousins to come to the solution that Amber raise Becky's child as her own.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Amber returns home with the child, who is christened Eric (Little Eric).


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Later, the truth is revealed that the child is not Amber's and Amber gets caught for her lies.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Becky dies of cancer and Rick and Amber decide to adopt Eric.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

The real father, Deacon Sharpe, shows up and things get complicated.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Custody is given to the biological father and Amber is allowed to share custody with him or would otherwise have lost the child.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Rick has dated several women, including Caitlin Ramirez, Steffy Forrester, Phoebe Forrester, Taylor Hayes, and Maya Avant.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, he is currently married to Forrester Creations fashion designer Caroline Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, Caroline has a mutual crush with Ridge Forrester, and Rick, in turn, has continued his relationship with Maya Avant.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Brooke Logan Brooke is the eldest child of Stephen and Beth Logan.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Brooke has been married to three men of the Forrester family (Ridge, Eric, and Thorne), as well as Nick Marone and Whip Jones.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

She's had other male relationships as well.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Brooke has five children: Rick and Bridget with Eric, Ridge Jr. aka R.J.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

With Ridge, Jack with Nick Marone and Hope with Deacon Sharpe.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon Sharpe was Bridget's husband, and he and Brooke had a secret relationship.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Jack is Brooke and Nick Marone's biological child, but carried and given birth by Taylor.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Brooke and Ridge got back together again and held their seventh wedding in April 2013.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ridge, however, left Brooke during their honeymoon, and the union was revealed to be invalid.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Now Brooke has a whisk shop with her brother-in-law Bill Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Brooke Logan is a talented chemist who developed the Belief compound — a substance that makes textiles wrinkle free.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

When Deacon returned to town, he and Brooke had a flinch.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Nowadays Brooke is single, but she has flinch again with Bill.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Brooke and Bill eventually married.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

These days, Brooke is engaged to Ridge.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Donna Logan Donna is Brooke Logan's younger sister and was married to Eric Forrester.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Eric and Donna adopted Donna and Justin Barber's son Marcus.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Donna has worked at Forrester Creations as a model.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Donna left Eric after her mother died, which Donna blamed Stephanie for.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Donna married her youth love and Marcus's biological father Justin, but they divorced.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

She then began dating Nick Marone, who was also the subject of a crush on Pam Douglas.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, Nick left town, after which Donna has never dated anyone.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, Donna still has warm feelings for her ex-husband Eric.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Katie Logan Spencer Katie is Brooke and Donna Logan's youngest sister.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Katie Logan previously worked at Forrester as a PR officer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Katie dated Nick Marone but they split and Katie got to know businessman Bill Spencer and they started dating and got engaged and married.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Bill Spencer was able to take over Forrester Creations for himself and made Katie CEO.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Katie and Bill had a son, William Logan “Will” Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Katie and Bill were together for a long time until Bill cheated on Katie with this sister Brooke.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

After this came out Katie left Bill and in divorce received 1% of Bill's Spencer Publications.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

With the assistance of Bill's sister, Karen, Katie became CEO of Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Katie was engaged to Ridge Forrester, however the relationship ended after Ridge and Caroline Spencer's relationship began.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Katie left Ridge, got back together with Bill, and they remarried.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy Forrester Spencer Steffy is the daughter of Ridge and Taylor.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy had a twin sister, Phoebe, who died in a car accident.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy admires his granny, namesake Stephanie.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy currently works at Forrester Creations as a public relations officer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy has been dating Donna's son Marcus and has been engaged to Rick.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy has also had a crush on Bill Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy tries to evict the Logans from Forrester Creations.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy has been married to Liam Spencer, and she was expecting Liam to have a child.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, Steffy suffered a miscarriage, which resulted in a complication.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Due to the complication, Steffy will never be able to have children again, and because of this, she left Liam and sped off to Paris.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy asked Liam to go together with Hope because he thought Hope would be able to provide Liam with a happy marriage and family.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy visited his family a few times, returning regulars back in October 2015.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy was again interested in Liam, who was currently in a relationship with Ivy Forrester.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy and Liam eventually remarried.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon Sharpe Deacon Sharpe is the father of Hope Logan, as well as Eric Sharpe.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Rick Forrester tracked this and Amber Forrester's foster child Little Eric's biological parent, Deacon, to Los Angeles, in a bid to stop Amber and C.J.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Garrison's wedding.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon became an affair with Amber, and simultaneously cheated on him marrying Rick's sister in love with him, Bridget Forrester.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

During his time married, Deacon became involved in an affair with Bridget's mother Brooke Logan.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon and Brooke had a child, Hope Logan.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon met Thorne Forrester's ex-wife Macy Alexander Forrester at a support group, and they fell in love, and married.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon and Macy fought both Amber and Brooke for custody of her children.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon and Macy were granted custody of Eric, after which Macy was put into a coma after the criminals knocked a chandelier over him, and later died.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Amber returned as Eric's mother figure, and Deacon returned to a relationship with Bridget.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon entered into a relationship with Jacqueline “Jackie” Marone.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon eventually left town, and later reappeared in Genoa City, where Amber Forrester lived.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

During his time at Genoa City, Deacon went to prison, which Bill Spencer arranged this out of, wanting to prevent his son Liam Spencer's wedding to Deacon's daughter Hope.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

The event was successful, and Hope and Liam's wedding was unsuccessful.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon left town, and returned later, as well as meeting Quinn Fuller.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Deacon sought to get back together with Brooke, and however eventually ended up together Quinn is married to Eric forrester.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Bill Spencer Jr. Bill is a businessman who owns 49 per cent of Spencer Publications, a fashion magazine and a TV channel.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Karen Spencer owns 50 per cent of the company and Katie Logan Spencer owns 1 per cent.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Bill bought Forrester Creations and married Katie Logan.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Steffy convinced Bill to sell Forrester Creations back to the Forresters.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Bill has three children, grown sons Liam Spencer and Wyatt Fuller, as well as baby-aged Will Spencer with Katie.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

In addition, Bill's sister-in-law Brooke was expecting her to have a baby but miscarried.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Bill's father was Bill Spencer, Sr.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Karen Spencer, and the late Caroline Spencer Forrester, are Bill's sisters.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Caroline Spencer is Bill's niece.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

While married to Katie, Bill had an affair with Brooke.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

After finding out, Katie broke up with Bill and, with Karen's help, hijacked the CEO position of Spencer Publications for herself.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Bill and Brooke dated and became engaged until Ridge returned to town.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Bill and Brooke divorced, and Bill and Katie got back together and married again.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Liam Spencer Liam came to Los Angeles to find his father, who was revealed to be Bill.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Liam now works at his father's firm Spencer Publications.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Liam and Amber had an affair, after which Amber cheated that she was expecting Liam to have a child.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, Marcus was revealed to be the child's father.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Liam is deeply in love with Hope Logan, and they are engaged.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Hope and Liam split up due to misunderstandings, and Steffy tricked herself into marrying Liam Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Eventually they divorced and Hope and Liam tried to marry again, but Steffy revealed that she was pregnant to Liam.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Now, after Steffy left for Paris and left behind Liam's miscarriage, Liam is back together with his true love Hope.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Wyatt Fuller, who arrived in town, was revealed to be Liam's half-brother.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Hope dated both Liam, and Wyatt for her time, and eventually married Wyatt, and began expecting him to have a child.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Caroline Spencer Forrester Caroline is the daughter of Karen and Danielle Spencer, and the niece of Bill and Caroline Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Caroline is named after her late aunt, her mother's twin sister.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Liam Spencer, Wyatt Fuller and William Spencer are cousins of Caroline.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Caroline is a fashion designer who moved to the city from New York.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Brooke offered him a job at Forrester, while hoping that there would be a flinch between Rick and him.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Thomas, too, took an interest in Caroline.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

After dating Thomas for a while, Caroline eventually chose Rick.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

To complicate the situation, however, the streets were raised by Maya Avant, in whom Rick immediately became interested at the first meeting.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Caroline and Rick eventually married.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

In the process, however, Caroline has a mutual crush with Rick's half-brother Ridge Forrester.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Pamela “Pam” Douglas Pam is the sister of the late Stephanie Forrester, and dislikes the Logan family.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Pam was engaged to Brooke, Katie and Donna's father Stephen Logan, but they split up.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

After this, Pam became infatuated with Nick Marone.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Now Pam works at Forrester as a secretary along with Donna Logan.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Pam has a crush on Eric.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Maya Avant Forrester Maya is an actress and an old friend of Dayzee from their time together as street growers.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Dayzee has also served no plea in prison.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Maya arrived at Dayzee's cafe to confront this and demanded to know where her baby was.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Maya gave the baby she gave birth to her for adoption, and Dayzee eventually told Maya that the baby was dead.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Reflecting on this, Maya became infatuated with Rick Forrester, who was initially considered homeless.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, Rick initially dated Caroline Spencer, but left this and began a relationship with Maya.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

A jealous Caroline set up Maya and Carter on the same webseries to give them a lever.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Maya and Carter eventually got engaged, and Rick and Caroline married.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, currently Caroline and Ridge Forrester have a mutual crush, and Rick and Maya are heating up their relationship once again.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Carter Walton Lawyer Carter appeared on the series to meet his adoptive brother Marcus.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

He later met Maya, and became infatuated with her.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, Maya already had feelings for Rick Forrester.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Carter is also a fledgling actress, and Caroline set this up with Maya for the same webseries to give them a lever.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Wyatt Spencer Wyatt is the son of Bill Spencer and Quinn Fuller.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Hope saw this naked in the shower in the woods after which Hope fell in the woods, and the man rescued her.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Later, Wyatt tracked down Hope and asked her out on a date.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Hope noticed Wyatt was wearing a sword jewelry similar to Bill and Liam, and it was revealed that Quinn and Bill, who designed the jewelry, were youth-loved ones and Bill is Wyatt's father.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Quinn has known about it all along, but wanted to protect Wyatt from the Spencer family, and now does not like Hope after she interfered in their affairs.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Quinn Fuller Forrester Quinn is a leading jewelry designer for his own company, Quinn Artisan Jewelers.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Quinn has a son, Wyatt Fuller, with Bill Spencer.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Quinn doesn't like Hope because this helped sort out Wyatt's father.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Quinn's company has entered into a cooperative agreement with Forrester Creations.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Quinn had a whisk deal with Eric, and later ended up again in a relationship with Bill Spencer, who was engaged to Brooke Logan.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

She later fell in love, and married Deacon Sharpe.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

However, the union did not last, and Quinn tried e.g.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

kill Deacon.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Quinn also kept his memory lost Liam Spencer away from his family, and tried to make him fall in love with himself.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Eventually, Quinn and Eric fell in love, and went against the will of the Forrester family to marry.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ivy Forrester Ivy Forrester is the daughter of John Forrester, niece of Eric Forrester, and sister of Jessica Forrester.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ivy is a jewelry designer by profession.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Ivy arrived in Los Angeles, and began working at Forrester Creations, and is currently dating Liam Spencer, who is divorced from Hope Logan.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Nicole Avant Forrester Nicole Avant Forrester is the sister of Maya Avant Forrester, and Julius and Vivienne Avant's daughter.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Nicole arrived to see her sister Maya in January 2016 after hearing of her success at Forrester Creations.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Later, Nicole met Zende Forrester Dominguez.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Zende is the adopted son of Ridge's sister Kristen Forrester Dominguez and Tony Dominguez.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Nicole and zende started dating, but later Maya and Rick asked Nicole for a womb rental.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Zende was unable to come to terms with this and she and Nicole split up.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Nicole later gives birth to a girl who is named Elizabeth Nicole “Lizzy” Forrester.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Nicole and Zende began dating again after this, after Zende left Sasha.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Nicole and Zende married in the fall of 2017.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Actors Actors and role characters (in accordance with Finnish showtimes) Occasionally appearing actors (in accordance with Finnish performance times) Discontinued persons (in accordance with Finnish showtimes) Scott Turner Schofield — Nick Ashlyn Pearce — Alexandria “Aly” Forrester Texas Battle — Marcus Walton Forrester Kristolyn Lloyd — Dayzee Leigh Forrester Kim Matula — Hope Logan Spencer Hunter Tylo — Dr. Taylor Hayes Forrester Jon Hensley — Dr. Meade Susan Flannery — Stephanie Forrester Mykel Shannon Jenkins — Charlie Baker Ronn Moss — Ridge Forrester (#1) Adrienne Frantz — Ambrosia “Amber” Moore Forrester Hillary B. Smith — Dr. Stacy Barton Ashley Jones — Bridget Forrester Edward & James Nigbor — Jack Marone Jack Wagner — Dominick “Nick” Marone Lesley-Anne Down — Jacqueline “Jackie” Marone Knight Brandon Beemer — Owen Knight Patrick Duffy — Stephen Logan Rick Hearst — Whip Jones, III Sarah Brown — Agnes Jones Kyle Lowder — Rick Forrester Drew Tyler Bell — Thomas Forrester Robin Riker — Beth Logan Mackenzie Mauzy — Phoebe Forrester Daniel McVicar — Clarke Garrison William DeVry — Storm Logan Eileen Davidson — Ashley Abbott Antonio Sabato Jr.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

— Dante Damiano Lorenzo Lamas — Hector Ramirez Mick Cain — C.J.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

Garrison Darlene Conley — Sally Spectra Joseph Mascolo — Massimo Marone Schae Harrison — Darla Einstein Forrester Addison Hoover — Phoebe Forrester Alex Hoover — Stephanie “Steffy” Forrester Colleen Dion — Felicia Forrester Kayla Ewell — Caitlin Ramirez Sydney Penny — Samantha Kelly Shanelle Workman — Gabriella “Gaby” Moreno Forrester Ellen Wheeler — Sarah Michelle Davison — Ruthanne Owens Bryce Mouer — Rydy Delight Greg Wrangler — Ronalg “Ron” Deacon Bryan Genesse — Rocco Carner Diane Cstle — Roberta Bobbie Phillips — Rhonda William Dennis Hund — Ruben Kelly Paul Satterfield — Pierce Peterson Kabir Bedi — Omar Rashid Lindsay Price — Michael Lai Jim Hanna — Marty, pilot Alejandra Florez — Marta Rita Comez — Maria Lauren Koslow — Margo Lynley Spencer Emilio Rivera — Lucien Cortez Luigi Amodeo — Lorenzo Barelli Rosa DeSoto — Liliana Dominguez Adam Huss — Lance Marcio Rosario — Juan Mary Kay Wolf — Joyce “Joy” Jones José'Eber — José'Eber Joseph Campanella — Jonathan Young Maitland Ward — Jessica Forrester Rusell Todd — Jerry Birn Jeff Talon — Jhon Castellanos Brett Stmley — Jay Garvin Todd McKee — Jacob “Jake” McLaine Monika Schnarre — Ivana Richards Vandervelt Isabel Gomez Bassols — Isabel Tristan Rogers — Hunter Jones Ray Laska — Harvey Goldblatt Shari Shattuck — Heather Thompson Joseph Marcell — Hudson Charles Grant — Grant Chambers Lesley Woods — Grandma Helen Logan Phyllis Diller — Gladys Pope Alisa Reyes — Ginger Gina Gallego — Gina Santana Alex Kubik — Cantz Charles Howerron — Frank Belkin Fabio Lanzoni — Fabio Lanzoni Connor Carmody — Eric Forrester III Erik Estrada — Eduardo Dominguez Dylan Neal — Dylan Shaw Carrie Mitchum — Donna Logan Stephen Shortridge — Dave Reed Richard King — Daryl Sharpe James Doohan — Damon Warwick Matthew Cowles — Curtis Love Alejandro De Hoyos — Curz Nuez Jerry Ayres — Conway Weston Scott Thompson Baker — Connor Davis Lilly Melgar — Claudia Cortéz Maria Diane — Claudette Charlton Heston — Charlton Heston Alan F.Smth — Charlie Weber Chuck Walling — Charlie McClaine Jeffrey Byron — Charles “Chuck” Williams Jack Armastrong — Chadwick “Chad” Huffington Paul Vato — Cesar Shannon Burke Bradley — Catherine Jessica Hopper — Caterina Hemry Darrow — Carlos Nunez Willow Cobenais — Caitlin Kin Shriner — Brian Carey Jeff Allin — Brian Burke Dan Martin — Bradley Baker Dorothy Lyman — Bonnie Roberts Peter Brown — Blake Hayes Nancy Burnett — Beth Logan (Elizabeth Henderson) Jhon Brandon — Ben McClain Paul H. Williams — Bailey Masterson Jeff Van Atta — Ash Arturo Sandoval — Arturo Sandoval Anthony Addabbo — Tony Carrera (Rush), Jonny Carrera Michael Sabatino — Anthony Armando Nadine Velazquez — Anna Judith Borne — Angela Forrester (cheater)/Deveney Dixon Sabtina Bryan — Alisa Cordova Venus DeMilo Thomas — Alexandra Rosemarie Thomas — Alex Simpson Brian George — Ahmed Paulo Benedeti — Antonio Dominguez Gladys Jimenez — Carmen Arena Joanna Johnson — Caroline Spencer Forrester Courtnee Draper — Erica Lovejoy (Mary Warwick) Victor Alfieri — Giovanni Lorenzano Chris Robinson — Jack Hamilton Ian Buchanan — James Warwick Ashley Cafagna — Kimberly Fairchild Tracey Bregman — Lauren Fenmore Bobbie Eakes — Macy Alexander Sharpe Sarah Buxton — Morgan DeWitt Michael Swan — Myles Fairchild/Adam Alexander Linda Gray — Priscilla Kelly Karim Prince — Raymond King #2 Usher — Raymond King #1 Marissa Tait — Becky Moore Garrison Andrea Evans — Tawny Moore Jim Storm — Bill Spencer Daniel Smith — Zende Forrester Dominguez Brian Gaskill — Oscar “Ozzy” Marone Michael Dietz — Mark McClaine Tracy Lindsey Melchior — Kristen Forrester Dominguez Adrienne Frantz — April Knight Maeve Quinlan — Megan Conley Justin Torkildsen — Rick (Eric junior) Forrester See also List of Beautiful and Brave Persons List of Beautiful and Bold Persons left persons Sources Elsewhere Please use a more specific IMDb template.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

See the documentation for available templates.


Question: When was the television series The Beautiful and the Bold aired in Finland?

Beautiful and bold

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Stephenie Meyer (o.b. Morgan, born December 24, 1973, Hartford, Connecticut) is an American novelist.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

She is known for the four-part romantic fantasy series Temptation ().


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The first volume of the book series, The Decoy published in 2005, was Meyer's pre-production work.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Meyer's Lure series books have sold over 42 million copies worldwide, [1] [2] and the series has been translated into 37 languages.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[3] In 2005, Meyer was selected by Publishers Weekly magazine as one of the year's most promising new writers.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[4] According to USA Today, the four volumes of Lure were the best-selling books of 2008 in the United States, [5] and Meyer's publisher estimates his books sold 22 million copies that year.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Meyer is the first author to have captured the top four spots on USA Today's list with his works.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[6] In addition to the Decoy series, Meyer has also written the science fiction novel Guest (2008) for adults.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

In 2009, Meyer reached number 26 on a list of the world's most influential public figures compiled by financial magazine Forbes [7].


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Life Stephenie Meyer's parents were Stephen and Candy Morgan.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Meyer has five siblings: Seth, Emily, Jacob, Paul, and Heidi.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The unusual spelling of his first name, he received based on the name of his father Stephen.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[8] When Meyer was four years old, his family moved from Connecticut to Phoenix, the Arizona state capital.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

He attended Chaparral High School in Scottsdale and went on to study at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, where he majored in English.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[9] Meyer graduated from the university in 1995.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

In 1994, Meyer married Christian “Pancho” Meyer.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The couple have three sons: Gabe, Seth and Eli.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[8] Meyer is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

For example, because of his faith, he does not drink alcohol or smoke tobacco.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[10] In his youth, Meyer dreamed of a career as a writer and studied English at university, but nevertheless considered becoming a lawyer because he did not believe he could succeed as a writer.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

After giving birth to her first child Gabe, she abandoned the idea of a career in law and remained a stay-at-home mother.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[10] Decoy series Meyer's Decoy series was released between 2005 and 2008.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The book series tells the story of a young girl named Bella Swan who falls in love with a vampire boy named Edward Cullen.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

According to what he told, Meyer got the idea for a series of books about his dream where a girl and a vampire boy discussed their relationship and how the vampire boy had to fight back against his desire to drink the girl's blood.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[11] The next day, in June 2003, Meyer began writing her first-born novel The Lure, based on her dream.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[11] Meyer entered into a $750,000 contract to publish Lure with the US publishing company Little, Brown and Company [12].


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The agreement also covered the release of the other three volumes.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Lure was released in 2005 and was very successful.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

It was, among others, a selection by the New York Times and Publishers Weekly as the best book of the year in 2005.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[13] Meyer continued the book series for three more volumes.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The lure was followed by Uusikuu in 2006 (Finland 2007), Doubt in 2007 (Finland 2008) and Aamunkoi in 2008 (Finland 2009).


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The book series was translated into Finnish between 2005 and 2009 as published by WSOY.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Meyer was due to write Midnight Sun, a re-telling piece of the first part of the series from Edward's perspective, but after its drafts leaked onto the internet he stopped writing it.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Sketches of Midnight Sun can be viewed on Meyer's homepage.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[14] Meyer has also written a piece with additional information about the Decoy series titled The Twilight Saga: The Official Guide, whose release date has not been announced.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[15] For this collection with additional information, Meyer also made a miniature novel The Short Life of Bree Tanner.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Influences Meyer has said that each part of the Decoy series is inspired by a particular literary classic work and that the books are loosely based on this way.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The first part of The Lure was inspired by Jane Austen's work Pride and Prejudice and the New Moon is loosely based on William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Doubt was inspired by Emily Brontë's Wuthering Grayling.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The final part of Dawn is partly based on Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[16] Meyer has said that he was inspired by music when writing and has posted lists of inspired songs on his website [8].


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Frequent ensembles appearing on the charts include Muse, Blue October, My Chemical Romance, Coldplay and Linkin Park.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[17] [18] [19] [20] Films Three films have also been made based on the book series: Twilight — Lure (2008), Twilight — New Moon (2009) and Twilight — Doubt (2010).


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Based on the fourth work, a two-part film Twilight — Dawn will be made, with the first part scheduled to premiere on 18 November 2011 and the second part in the summer of 16 November 2012.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[21] Meyer made a cameo role in the film Twilight — Lure.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[22] In all films, the lead roles are played by Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson and Taylor Lautner.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Other works In 2008, Meyer's science fiction novel for adults was published (The Host, Finland 2009).


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Meyer has been writing a sequel to it, The Soul.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[23] Meyer has also written the short story “Hell on Earth” for the compilation work Prom Nights from Hell published in 2007.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[24] [25] Admirers With their great popularity, Meyer and Lure are often said to have created a “Twilight phenomenon” around them, which has been compared to J. K. Rowling and his Harry Potter book series [26].


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Lure's admirers have, among other things, written their own stories, namely fan fiction, on the internet and set up lure themed ensembles.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Meyer's public appearances have drawn multi-thousand-headed audiences.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[27] According to US Weekly, US President Barack Obama has been reading the Decoy book series along with his elder daughter Malia.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[28] The events of the Decoy books are set in the small town of Forks in the US state of Washington.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

The town has received a lot of attention, and as a tribute to the writer, it celebrates Stephenie Meyer Day on the birthday of the Bella Swan character 13.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

on Sept.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[29] The popularity of the series has increased tourism to the city, and townspeople began, for example, selling products related to the series, as well as organising decoy themed tours in Forks and surrounding areas.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

[30] Works Sources on the topic elsewhere.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Jussi Ahlroth:.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

NYT Annex of Helsingin Sanomat, 22.10.2009.


Question: Where was Stephenie Meyer born?

Stephenie Meyer

Category:American fantasy writers Category:American horror writers Category:American children's and youth writers Category:American science fiction writers Category:Living persons Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Natural gas, or less commonly natural gas, is normally a gas composed almost entirely of methane (CH4), a major fossil fuel for residential heating and power generation.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Natural gas has been created over time by the decomposition of biomass in the earth's furnaces from the interaction of anaerobic bacterial activity and soil heat.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

In addition to methane, natural gas contains trace amounts of ethane, propane, butane, pentane, as well as other heavier hydrocarbons and occasionally nitrogen and helium.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The CAS number for natural gas is 8006-14-2.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Natural gas is obtained from natural gas and oil deposits as well as shale rock located in the earth's crust on land and offshore.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The non-fossil methane produced by anaerobic bacteria biomass is called biogas as a separation from natural gas.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

[1] Natural gas is processed prior to industrial use at a natural gas processing plant where all compounds other than methane are removed from it.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Natural gas refining is considerably simpler than refining oil.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Purified natural gas is a colourless and odorless gas burning with a low bluish flame with a high calorific value of 50MJ/kg when, for example, coal averages 24.8MJ/kg.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Refined natural gas can be used as fuel in power plants, vehicles, as such in households for heating and cooking.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Natural gas can be processed into liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) suitable for transport use.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Methane has lower CO2 emissions than oil or coal.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The by-products of natural gas processing and the hydrogen contained in methane are also used as raw material for industry.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

[2] Production volumes In 2009, total global natural gas production was approximately 3000 billion cubic meters (i.e.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

3000 cubic miles).


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Of this, the United States and Russia each produced about 20%, just under 600 billion cubic feet.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Iran produced 200 billion and the EU, Canada and Norway each produced more than 100 billion cubic meters.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

[3] [4] In 2010, the United States became the world's largest producer of natural gas.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

[5] Refining Liquefied natural gas (LNG) By freezing the natural gas to −160°C, it is brought to a liquid state of liquefied natural gas (liquefied natural gas).


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

LNG, engl.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

liquefied natural gas).


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The volume of LNG is about six hundredth the volume of gas in normal state.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

A tonne of LNG is equivalent to 1370 cubic metres of natural gas.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

LNG can be transported outside the pipeline network by ship or truck transport.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

In applications, LNG is steamed into gas.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

[6] LNG is methane with an octane number of 130 and a calorific value of 13.7mWh/tn (cf.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

heavy fuel oil 11.4MWh/tn).


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

LNG is a safe fuel.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

In the event of a possible leak, the LNG immediately vaporizes.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Vaporized gas is lighter than air, about half the density of air.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

When liquid, LNG does not explode because its ignition temperature is higher than that of petroleum-based fuels.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Compressed natural gas (CNG) Compressed natural gas is a transport gas that is used to fuel gas cars (close to.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

CNG, engl.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

compressed natural gas).


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The pressure of natural gas is raised very high (to 200 bar), thus bringing the gas into a smaller space.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Transmission pipeline and transport Natural gas is transferred in pressurized pipelines from gas fields to the point of use [7].


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

LNG can be transported in specially manufactured ships around the world.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

In Finland, Gasum Oy, specialising in natural gases, owns a 1186 km network of gas pipelines, along which gas is imported into Finland.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Along with natural gas, the importance of biogas as domestic energy will increase in the future.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

[8] The main components of the natural gas transmission network are the transmission pipeline with valve stations, compressor stations and pressure reduction stations located at natural gas release points.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Natural gas enters the area of use in underground transmission pipelines installed at a depth of approximately 1—2 m and their location is marked on the terrain by white plastic poles with yellow hallmarks at the top.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Current transmission pipes have a gas pressure of about 30 to 54 bar, but new pipes are also being built for 80 bar pressure.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The pipes are heavy and durable steel tubes coated with polyethylene plastic.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Corrosion protection of the coating is supplemented by a cathodic protection system.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Gasum actively promotes, through its own investments, the expansion of the natural gas transmission network.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Gasum is responsible for the engineering and construction work involved in the expansion and maintenance of the natural gas network itself.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Natural gas construction takes particular account of environmental issues and safety.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The transmission network is developed so that transmission capacity and security of supply to current and future applications are always ensured.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Valve and Link Stations Valve stations are installed approximately every 8—32 km in the transmission pipeline, with line barrier valves to cut off gas transmission and distribution and to completely drain the pipeline from natural gas by blowing out.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Transmission piping valve stations increase the operational safety of the pipeline network.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Link stations transmit monitoring and alarm information along the transmission network to the central control room to the natural gas network's own data transmission system.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

They are always located near the valve stations.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Compressor stations Compressor stations increase the pressure of natural gas and thus increase the transmission capacity of the natural gas network.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Gasum's Finnish compressor stations are in Imatra, Kouvola and Mäntsälä.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The need for the use of compressors depends entirely on the pressure situation of the transmission pipeline, which is affected by the daily flow of natural gas, distribution of use in the network area and the input pressure.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Pressure Reducing Stations From the transmission pipeline, natural gas is piped to pressure equalization stations whose function is to reduce the pressure in the transmission pipeline to suit the customer's use.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Pressure reduction stations are always fenced in and are equipped with gas leak alarms, various automatic safety devices and remote monitoring equipment, and a large main shut-off valve outside the station.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The transmission network has up to 131 pressure reduction stations.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Natural gas applications Energy production Most natural gas is used as fuel in factories and gas turbine power plants.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The gas burns cleanly because it has no sulfur and heavy metals, for example, and solid impurities released in combustion.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Ash is not produced at all thanks to the gaseous state.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

However, combustion generates carbon emissions.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

In producing the same amount of heat, 30% less CO2 is emitted than when burning oil and 45% less than coal.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Heating and Cooking Natural gas is widely used in countries such as the United Kingdom, Continental Europe, Russia and North America for heating homes, heating hot water and cooking.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

In the United States, for example, 51 percent, or 49.1 million households, used natural gas for heating in 2003.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Of the dwellings built in 2003, natural gas was chosen as the heating system.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

[9] Transport Natural gas is used somewhat as a fuel in passenger cars and buses.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Wärtsilä, a manufacturer of ship engines, has designed several engines using natural gas and diesel or natural gas alone.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

[10] Environmentally, the great advantage of natural gas as a fuel for ships is that it contains no sulfur at all.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Industry In addition to energy production, natural gas is also used as a raw material for industry.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

The only source of helium production is natural gas, from which it is significantly obtained as a by-product of refining, for example, in the United States, where the geological structure is suitable for helium compression.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Hydrogen from natural gas can be separated by steam reforming and is the main way of manufacturing hydrogen for industrial needs.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Hydrogen is used to make ammonia used as nitrogen fertilizer using the Haber-Bosch method, and as such for a variety of uses.


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Users Largest user countries In 2009, the largest users of natural gas were the United States (approximately 650 billion cubic meters), the EU (490 billion billion billion billion)


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

and Russia (440 billion billion).


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Major consumers also include Iran (140), Japan (95), Canada (95), China (87), Saudi Arabia (77), Mexico (60), United Arab Emirates (59), Uzbekistan (53) and Ukraine (52) and India (51 billion cubic meters).


Question: Where to get natural gas?

Natural gas

Finland's consumption was about 4 billion cubic meters.