Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

History Prehistory Mycenaean culture was created by Indo-Europeans who spoke early so-called Mycenaean Greek.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Around the period 3000—2000 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

prevailed in the Aegean region in the so-called Cycladic Period, when the region was dominated by the cultures of the islands.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

It is fairly certain that the inhabitants of the Aegean archipelago at the time were not Indo-Europeans.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[4] Indo-Europeans who arrived further north spread around 3600 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

around present-day Romania, and from there until about 2800 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

for the regions of Serbia and Bulgaria.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Indo-Europeans probably did not colonize the Adriatic coast until about 2300 BCE, [5] shortly before they began to colonize Greece perhaps from the direction of Bulgaria or Serbia.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Around 2600—2000 BCE lived on the Greek mainland.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

from the early Helladic through, when the first villages were established.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Sometimes in the fold of the Early Helladic and Middle Helladic periods around 2100—1700 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The first Indo-European Greek inhabitants arrived in Greece.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

New conquerors are often referred to as akhaij.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

These adopted pre-Greek -nthos and -ssos-terminated place names from locals for example, [6] such as “Korinthos” and “Halikarnassos”.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Rise of culture and peak period Indo-European tribes who created Mycenaean culture arrived from the north probably overland around 2200—1700 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The Minoan culture that influenced Crete at the same time extended its influence to mainland Greece as well, with a wide variety of Minoan cultural traits migrating to the region.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

This brought about the birth of an advanced urban culture in Greece as well.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

As Mycenaean culture began to take shape in the Middle Helladic Period, the building style, burial customs, pottery and perhaps language changed, and among other things, the horse arrived in Greece.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[7] In the past, rectangular houses were made, now oval, arched or semicircular houses.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[7] The roofs of the houses probably changed.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The deceased began to be buried singly in small pase graves inside the residential areas.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The potter's wheel appeared, which significantly influenced the development of ceramics.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[7] The new pottery was grey Minyan pottery.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[8] The oldest buildings in the city of Mycene may have been made of clay as early as about 1850 BCE, but the stone ones were perhaps built around 1700 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[9] Around 1600 BC.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

warrior elites began to rise on the Greek mainland.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In this case, Mykene, Tiryns, Lerna, Dendrá, Váfeio and Eleusis, among others, were born.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In particular, the rise of the warrior elite and new burial habits, as well as the resulting social differentiation between different social classes, are considered signs of the genesis of a new kind of culture known as Mycenaean.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[10] The peak period of Mycenaean culture was around 1450—1200 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The culture prospered thanks to trade and efficient agriculture.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The Mycenaeans adopted a linear-B inscription in the accounts of the palaces, based on the prequel given by the Minoan Linar-A inscription.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[10] The Mycenaeans occupied Knossos, Crete, in the late 15th century BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

and took the lead in Crete as well.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Knossos was definitively destroyed around 1350 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[11] In the 14th century BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

palaces resembling a longhouse rose to Athens, Pylos, Tiryns, Thebes and Mycenae.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The port cities of Kydonia and Kommos continued on the territory of Crete around 1400—1200 BCE after the destruction of palaces.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[12] Mycenaean cities did not begin to be fortified until about 1300—1200 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[10] This was related either to the threat of foreign conquerors or mutual wars between city-states.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In the past, the fortifications might have been wooden pile fencing, but now the centres were surrounded by stone walls.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Around 1250 BC.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The wall of Mykene Castle was extended to the south, and around 1200 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

There was also a source of water intake within the wall.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[13] Similarly around 1250 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

For example, a large fortress of Gla was built near Orkhomenos for the first time on the dried Lake Kopais island.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[14] A six-kilometer-long cyclopic wall was built across the Isthmus of Corinth.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Fortresses, including those other than palaces, were commonplace in the Argolii region and Boiotia, but in Messenia, as in Pylos, or in the Lakonian region, they did not exist.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[15] End Time and Destruction Mycenaean culture collapsed around 1250—1050 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Around this time, almost all Mycenaean centers were destroyed, some more than once.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[16] Athens was one of the only centres to be spared from destruction entirely or at least with less damage.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

There is no certainty about the cause of the destruction of culture, and there may have been several reasons.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In the past, invasions of coastal areas by hostile peoples such as the Sea Peoples, the so-called Doorite conquest, or mutual wars between Mycenaean kingdoms or internal unrest or revolts have often been attributed to the destruction.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[10] [17] [18] [19] The Sea Peoples were a group of peoples who raided the eastern Mediterranean region around 1200 to 1180 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[16] and may have destroyed Mycenaean cities as well.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Considered as another explanation of the destruction of Mycenaean culture, the so-called Doorite conquest would have occurred around 1200—1050 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The Doorites might have arrived in the country from the north over a long period of time as many waves.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

According to another view, the Doorites were initially a northwestern Greek tribe who had long lived on the site and began to raid and use iron weapons to take over rich Mycenaean cities.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Some archaeologists doubt the whole idea of Dooric conquest, as it has not been able to confirm it by archaeology.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[20] [21] Instead of the Doorite conquest, it may rather be about internal disputes among the Mycenaeans, as well as various unrest or rebellions.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In Greek mythology, events are linked to the Heracleids.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

These may have been an exiled Mycenaean clan that managed to return in the 10th century BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

exploiting the mayhem already prevalent in the Mycenaean centres.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[10] [21] [22] The downfall of culture may be the result of one of these causes or the combined effect of all these factors.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In addition, today there are believed to have been other reasons for the destruction of culture, such as the disruption of trade to the east due to piracy and the resulting economic crisis, as well as natural disasters such as the earthquake in Argol or climate change and the resulting consequent famine.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Mykene was probably destroyed by an earthquake around the year 1200 BCE, and definitively the buildings on the castle mountain were destroyed and apparently burned around the year 1100 BCE, resulting in the site being abandoned.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In the late days of Mykene, the country was burdened by years of disappearance according to some accounts


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[10] [17] [18] [19] After the Mycenaean period, as the Culture collapsed, the palaces burned and deserted, and long-distance trade collapsed.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Kings either died or lost their power.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

After the Mycenaean centres were destroyed, the settlement dispersed in many places into small villages.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Society became poorer and population decreased, especially in Messenia and Lakonia.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

At the same time, Greece entered a gradual Iron Age.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Tribal communities sprang up in the place of kings.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The previous family burial was replaced by single burials, which were either cremations or ground burials.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

A more troubled and less well known period followed around 1100—900 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

are called the dark centuries of Greece.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Their early stage immediately after the defeat of Mycenaean culture is known as the subMycenaean period and the later stage as the protogeometric period.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In the dark centuries, the warrior nobility led small centers, which over time began to grow.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Greek settlement spread across Crete, the Cyclades and the coasts of Asia Minor.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Through characterizes the so-called protogeometric ceramics.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In the ensuing geometric period around 900—700 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

the cities gradually began to grow again, the upper and middle classes became prosperous, and foreign trade grew stronger.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

When the Greeks adopted their borrowed, modified alphabetic writing from the Phoenicians around 750 BCE, the so-called Archaic Period of Ancient Greece began.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Periods Mycenaean culture and the times immediately preceding and following it can be divided into periods as follows.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Timings are summary and rounded.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[23] Since Mycenaean culture is a Late Helladic culture, its more precise division uses the timings of Helladic culture, using the letter abbreviation LH, Late Helladic (Late Helladic period) in English and scientific literature.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The exact division of eras is controversial and will be subject to changes with new research.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Periods are defined by styles of earthenware, or pottery, where changes occurred over time.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

By studying earthenware, conclusions can be drawn about the development of Mycenaean culture.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

For example: In the LH IIB period, a weakening of the influence of the Minoan culture of Crete is noted between 1450 and 1400 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

This is how the Mycenaeans apparently conquered Crete.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

LH IIIA1: Mycenaean culture spread across mainland Greece.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

LH IIIA2 type pottery spread along much of the coasts and islands of the eastern Mediterranean with trade.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

LH IIIB2: Many Mycenaean population centers were destroyed at the end of this era, and only a few intact clay pots of this era have survived to scholars.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

LH IIIC began upon the death of Queen Tausret of Egypt.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

This style is divided into regional cultures, especially in its later periods.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Society and Culture Mycenaean culture was Bronze Age; iron was known in the late days of the culture, but it was quite rare.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

People and Population In the megalomaniac period of Mycenaean culture, the population was multiracial, not entirely Indo-European, according to skeleton discoveries.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The ruling upper class was of a different kind to the common folk, taller and healthier than the rest of the population, long-skulled, long-faced and long-nosed.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[24] The average age of people was only 32 years, and infant mortality high.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

This may have been due to malnutrition.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

During the Mycenaean period Greece was more fertile than it is today.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The area where centers of culture have been found is about square kilometers in size.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

There are known to have been at least 1,000 villages and towns in this area.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

According to conservative estimates, around —1 million people would have lived in Mycenaean towns, villages and rural areas.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[25] [26] This fits quite well with the fact that at the beginning of the ancient Archaic period, Greece had an estimated population of about — inhabitants.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Higher estimates suggest that around 1—3 million people could have lived on agriculture and pastoralism in the area of Mycenaean culture.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

There was about 0.4 million hectares of cultivated arable land, with grazing around 0.8—1.2 million hectares.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Settlements The center of Mycenaean settlements was, at least in late times, a city often fortified and a palace as the center of cities.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

A typical feature of Mycenaean palaces was the megaron, or throne hall, with a hearth in the centre.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The palaces were decorated, according to the Minoan prequel, with murals.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The upper hill of the city of Mykene was surrounded by a wall as early as about 1350 BCE, [13] at which time the so-called Palace of Nestor of Pylos was built.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[27] This refers to wars between city-states.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Mykene's stone architecture was very rough.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Fortress walls made of large size stones were later called Cyclopes walls, as they were believed to have been made by Cyclops.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

For example, an aqueduct was built in Pylos.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The Mycenaean cities were ruled by a warrior noble with an urban prince at the head.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

It was thus a typical Indo-European Greek culture.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Warrior aristocrats were buried in stony tholos tombs resembling a beehive.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Plenty of grave gifts were placed in the graves, for example gold masks and weapons.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Some of the most famous finds of the time include a gold so-called death mask of Agamemnon.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Mycenaean population centres have been found most in the Peloponnese, particularly in the Argol region, as well as in Thessaly, Boiotia, Attica and further in Crete and Rhodes.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Certainly, Mycenaean settlement was more fragmented over a much larger area, e.g.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

in Macedonia and as far as the Axiós River, along the west coast of Asia Minor, as well as a few small Aegean islands.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[29] Mycenaean palace centres included Mycenae, Tiryns, Argos, Pylos, Sparta, Athens, Thebes (Kadmeia), Orkhomenos, Eleusis, Iolkos and Ithaka.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The major centres of maritime trade were Mycene, Argos, Tiryns, Pylos, Corinth, Lakedaimonia and Arkadia.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[30] [10] According to some accounts, Tiryns, Argos, Mideia, Asine and Prosymna would have been vassals of Mycene.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The centre of the Cyclades was the Fylakopí settlement of Mílos, with many temples.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[12] The great Mycenaean centres were city-states.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In the Messenia region, for example, Pylos was the centre of a kingdom about a square kilometre in size.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[31] Approximately 250 Mycenaean villages have been found in the Messenia region.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Approximately people have lived in these.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[32] [33] Sometimes the allegation made about a resident cannot be confirmed.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[34] Economy The Mycenaean economy was probably based on the strong use of olive oil, flax, fragrance oils, wool, wheat, herbs and fruits, etc.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

for production and also for the production of earthenware.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[35] The nobility taxed farmers, and distributed raw materials and food according to quotas.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Slavery did occur.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

There was probably a fairly strict order of precedence in the society, beginning with the king; there were, among others, grand landowners, district administrators, high priests, artisans and shepherds.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

For some reason, the Linear B texts don't mention farmers who were in the majority, or traders either.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Probably farmers were considered inferior rag.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The nobility of Mycenaean culture prospered, among other things, through trade in the Mediterranean.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[36] Trade extended to southern Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Spain, Syria and Egypt.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[12] Language and Inscription Mycenaeans spoke what is known as Mycenaean Greek, which is the earliest documented language form of the Greek language and preceded Greek in ancient times, or so-called Ancient Greek.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Mycenaean Greek was written using Linear B writing, which had arisen probably on the basis of Linear A writing used by Minoan culture.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Approximately 90 syllable characters are known from the inscription, various number characters, and also about 160 logograms, i.e. a whole word.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Clarification of the characters in 1952 showed the language used to have been Early Greek, which had previously been unclear.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Religion The religion of Mycenaean culture was a polygods religion that was influenced by Minoan religion and continued to influence ancient Greek religion.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[37] [38] [39] Minoan and Mycenaean religions are often identified because of the many similarities especially in their pictorial language.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

However, Mycenaean religion has formed its own form of religion, possibly borrowing from the Minoans in the first place the iconography and material that has suited its independent content.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The surviving Linear B texts have gained knowledge of, among other things, the gods and cult sites of religion.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The texts indicate that the Mycenaean god world has consisted of both its own tradition and possibly borrowed materials.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[38] [39] [40] A large number of different gods and goddesses have been identified from Mycenaean linear B tables.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Some are, with great certainty, the same ones known from later Greek mythology.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Some, in turn, appear to be early forms of these, while some remain entirely unrecognised.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Most clearly of the texts can be identified Zeus (di-we, di-wo), Hera (e-ra) and Poseidon (po-se-da-o, po-se-da-wo-ne).


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Also appearing to be identifiable are the later Apollon appellation of Paian (pa-and-wo-ne), Ares (a-re), or Enyalios (e-nu-wa-ri-jo), Artemis (a-te-mi-to, a-ti-mi-te), Athena, or Athena (a-ta-na), Dionysus (di-wo-nu-so) and Eileithyia i.e. Ia (e-re-u-ti-ja).


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

However, the texts do not convey whether these gods had the same function as later.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[37] [38] [39] A special position seems to have been held by Poseidon, who in the Mycenaean period was first and foremost a ctonic deity and earthquake-maker, the cause of earthquakes, rather than the sea god of the later religion.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Clearly notable was also a group of goddesses known as Potnia (po-ti-ni-ja, “Mistress”).


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Among the texts can be distinguished, among others, the Mistress of the Grain, the Mistress of Horses, the Mistress of the Labyrinth, and Athena's appellation Athana Potnia (a-ta-na po-ti-ni-ja).


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Some form of “Mother of the Gods” or “Mother Goddess” Mater Theia (ma-te-re te-i-ja), and the female equivalents of Zeus and Poseidon, Diwia (di-u-ja, di-wi-ja) and Posidaeia (po-si-da-e-ja) also appear in the texts.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[37] [38] [39] The major role of great female goddesses in particular may be Minoan borrowing.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[40] The religious cult and its organisation appear to have been closely associated with the rest of the organisation of Mycenaean palaces.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

However, little is known about Mycenaean cult practices.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The most pivotal delivery seems to have been different casualties.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The Mycenaean religion did not include large sized temples like the later Ancient Greek religion.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Cult venues have included sanctuary spaces in palaces, separate cult centres, as well as open-air shrines.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The best known are the shrines of the palaces of Mykene and Tiryns.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Notable known separate shrines or temples include the shrine of Fylakopí on Mílos, as well as the shrine Kéalla already in use by Agía Eirín during the Minoan period.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

[38] Connection to lore The Mycenaean period is considered to be the Greek period of fables, and ancient Greek mythology is considered to be partly based on surviving recollections from the Mycenaean period.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

In the times of Mycene's rule, there was possibly a war or wars that provided the subject for the narrative of the Trojan War.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Homer's Ilias epic about it is based on oral traditions and folk tales preserved from the Mycenaean period.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The hill of Hissarlik in Turkey is considered to be Troy.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Many finds of Mycenaean culture are named after figures in mythology, although they have no or can be shown to have a connection to those individuals.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

From Mycene times, the so-called tomb of Agamemnon has been preserved.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

It was the subject of a grave discovery known as the death mask of Agamemnon, which is in reality, however, far earlier than Agamemnon of the Trojan War.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

Mykene's so-called treasure chamber of Atreus was built around 1330 BCE.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

The ruins of the palace of Pylos are known as the Palace of Nestor and the palace found at Ithaka as the Palace of Odysseus.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

See also Ancient Greece Greek dark centuries Cycladic culture Minoan culture Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Castrén, Spongebob & Pietiti-Castrén, Leena| title = Ancient handbook| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava | year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-1-12387-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Castrén, Sponge| title = New ancient history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year= 2011| id = ISBN 978-951-1-21594-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Galanak| author = Galanakka Is, Yannis (ed.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

) | title = The Aegean World| publisher = Ashmolean, University of Oxford| year = 2013| version=A Guide to the Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenaean Antiquities in the Ashmolean Museum| id = ISBN 978-960-6878-59-6}} Human Genus 3.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

From the Etruscans to the Vikings (ed.


Question: When did The Collapse of Complex Societies appear in Finland?

Mycenaean culture

), WSOY: Helsinki 1994 ISBN 9789510187814 The Great Encyclopedia of Otava 1, Otava: Helsinki 1978 ISBN 9511050648 The Great Encyclopedia of Otava 6, Otava: Helsinki 1978 ISBN 9511050699 Wiik, Kalevi: Roots of Europeans, Atena: Jyväskylä 2002 ISBN 9517925609 References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Great Britain () [1] is an island in the Atlantic Ocean northwest of the European continent.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The island is the largest of the British Isles and makes up most of the UK's surface area.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

It is the largest island in Europe and the ninth largest in the world.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The population there is the third highest number of islands in the world, after Java and Honshu.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

History of the name According to Ptolemy and Pliny the Elder, the inhabitants of the island referred to their island as Albion.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Romans called their province located on the island Britain.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The name is believed to derive from the Celtic tribe of Britons.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

After the destruction of the Roman Empire, the name was forgotten.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In the Early Middle Ages Albion returned to use.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Hundreds of years later, the territories victoriously inhabited by the Celts in the Middle Ages began to be called Brittany (Little Britain) and the island Great Britain, in French: Brittany and Grande Brittany.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 1604, King James of Scotland and England (James VI in Scotland since 1567, James I in England since 1603) dubbed himself King of Great Britain, perhaps to avoid his troublesome title.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The title “King of Great Britain” became official in 1707 with the United Kingdom.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Since 1801, monarchs have been monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and (Northern) Ireland.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

History Formation Britain was formed over 400 million years ago when two landmasses merged.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Avalonia arose much of present-day England and Laurentia Scotland.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Apart from them, small Armorica emerged Cornwall and south Devon.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The part that emerged from Armorica is geologically more similar to continental Europe than the rest of Britain.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[2] Britain last had land contact with continental Europe during the last ice age.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Ice Age meltwaters severed the land connection about 8000 years ago, and Britain became an island.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[2] Prehistory Neolithic Period The first permanent inhabitants came to Britain between the years 4500—3000 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

between.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The earliest known ruins of places of worship are dated to the year 3500 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

to the roads, and the first stone rings and spirits like Seahenge (2049 BCE.)


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

was built between 3500 and 1200 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Bronze tools were introduced in the year 2500 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

after.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Britain's first major copper mines were established in 1800 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] To the years 1200—800 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

by the time the island's largest river valleys had been inhabited.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Roundhouse style became the prevailing building style.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The culture of the Celts spread to Britain.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] Iron Age The first hill forts were built in Britain between the years 800—700 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

between, and stone castles began to be built in Scotland between the year 500 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

after.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Ironworking techniques became common in the year 700 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

after.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Glastonbury and Meare were built in the centuries preceding the beginning of the period.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Massilian discoverer Pytheas sailed around Britain in 330 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Coins were introduced in 100 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] Romans time Roman emperor Julius Caesar invaded Britain over the years 55—54 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

period.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The influence of the Romans grew in southern Britain over the years 20 BCE.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

— 43 share.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

period, and several emperors planned to take over the island.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Finally, in 43, Emperor Claudius ordered the takeover to begin, and the Romans took over the next few years the southern part of England.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 51, the resistance leader Caratacus was captured.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 71, the Romans conquered the northern parts of England, and in 78, Wales.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 122, Hadrian's rampart began to be built on the Scottish border.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Between 142 and 163, the northern boundary of the territory occupied by the Romans ran along the even further north Antoninus rampart.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] In 211, the Romans divided Britain into two provinces.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Scottish Picts began their offensive against the Romans around the year 250.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Between the years 259—274, Postumus made Britain part of the Gallic Empire until Aurelianus restored Roman rule to the island.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Romans finally withdrew from Britain between the years 400—409.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] The time of the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons Angles and Saxons beached southeastern Britain in 449.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 516, they were beaten by the British in battle on Mount Badon.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 597, Augustine of Canterbury arrived in Britain and began the process of converting the country to Christianity.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Aethelberht, England's first Christian king, died in Kent in 616.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] In 789, the Vikings invaded Dorset for the first time and over the next few years the rest of the British coast.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 843, the Scots and Picts were united to become the Kingdom of Scotland.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

After the 860s, Vikings occupied several territories in Britain, and in 886 King Alfred the Great made peace with the Vikings by dividing the country into two parts.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 937 Athelstan of Wessex, the first king of all England slammed the Vikings and Scots in battle.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Britain's last Viking king was driven from the island in 954.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] In 1016, Knuut the Great of Denmark became King of England.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

In 1040, Macbeth became King of Scotland.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] Norman time In 1066, the Normans from northern France led by William the Conqueror invaded England.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings resulted in the country passing under their rule and Wilhelm becoming King of England.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

[3] States There had been three countries on the island: England, Scotland and Wales.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Kingdom of Great Britain existed from 1707 to 1801.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

It was formed by the Treaty of Union of 1707 at the merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Treaty of Federation of 1801 changed the name of the state to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which in 1927 became the present United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The Great Britain name is almost always used to mean the United Kingdom.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

The abbreviation GB (Great Britain) is also, in some contexts, the official abbreviation used for the state.


Question: In what year did James I become King of Great Britain?

Great Britain (island)

Sources Category:British Isles Category:Key articles on screening


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Centre of Finland (in common parlance centrum, [1] abbreviation Kesk., [2]) is a Finnish party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The party, founded in 1906, was called the Agrarian League (lyh.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

ML) until 1964 and then the Centre Party until 1988, when the current name was introduced.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The ideology of the party is characterized by belonging to the political center, embryism and social liberalism.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Centre is a member of Liberal International, an international organisation of liberal parties, and the Party of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the European Parliament, centrists belong to the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and the Middle Group in the Nordic Council.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Finland has had three presidents and eleven prime ministers representing the centre and its predecessors.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The centre has 49 MPs in Parliament, three MEPs in the European Parliament and 3077 councillors in local councils.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[3] In the 2015 parliamentary election, the party was the winner of the election and became the Prime Minister Party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

According to 2013 data, the party has 150000 members.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[4] Juha Sipilä has been the president of the centre since June 2012.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[5] History Time of Autonomy and the First Republic The party can be considered to have been born in 1906, when the Finnish Association of Agrarian Populations was founded and the Young Finnish Agrarian League of Southern Ostrobothnia, which merged in 1908 into the Agrarian League [6] (lr.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

ML [7]).


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In 1965, the name was changed to the Centre Party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[7] The current name Finland Centre was introduced in 1988.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

As a nickname, the party has the word “Centre Party” shortened to Kepu.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Santeri Alkio, who was displaced from the Young Finns, is considered the ideological father of the Agrarian League, and in its early days the party operated on a constitutional front with the Young Finns.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

After the Finnish Civil War, the Agrarian League sought to drive balance and national reconciliation, accepting amnesties for the Reds, for example.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The party also led the fight against right-wing radicalism that threatened democracy in the 1930s.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Cooperation with the Social Democrats began to increase, and the first so-called red dirt government was formed in 1937.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's support was based on a broad agrarian and rural population, as the Agrarian League sought to improve rural economic and social welfare.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's earliest areas of support were in Ostrobothnia, Lapland, Kainulu and the eastern parts of Vyborg County.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

After World War II, the colonizers inhabited western Finland raised the Agrarian League to be the largest party even in rural areas of more western Finland.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Support for the party in the cities was initially very small, but even that began to grow.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 1970s, support for the party declined, at which point many began to view the party with a rural background as a fading sunset party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The drop in support has since proved temporary.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Lauri Kristian Relander was the first President of the Republic elected from the party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

As the Winter War broke out, the president was country ally Kyösti Kallio, who appointed the first red dirt government formed by the SDP and the Agrarian League in 1937.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

For health reasons, Kallio's presidency remained unfinished as early as 1940.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Kekkonen's time after World War II began a phase of new foreign policy orientation.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Urho Kekkonen, an Agrarian MP, was Prime Minister several times after the war.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 1956 presidential election, Kekkonen, who as Prime Minister had among other things extradited a member of the Estonian resistance who had fled to Finland to the Soviet Union, was persuaded by the KGB to support him.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Five days before the assembly of the electors, the Finnish Communists were ordered to vote on Kekko.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

With votes from the communists, Kekkonen unexpectedly won the election by the smallest possible margin.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Kekkonen's power was increased in the note crisis and, at the insistence of the KGB, the Protection Police was filled with agrarian allies.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[8] Kekkonen emerged as a leading figure in the line that emphasised Soviet friendship.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The President's power was strengthened mainly to safeguard Eastern policy (YYA and OSCE) and Western integration (associate membership of EFTA and EEC Free Trade Agreement), as at the same time there was no desire to lose bilateral trade between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

This, along with the party splintering of the SDP, led to the President's strong involvement beginning to be regarded mainly within his social democratic opponents as whip parliamentarianism.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Critical voices also emerged from the right wing, such as Tuure Junnila, Georg C. Ehrnrooth and Kullervo Rainio, forming the Constitutional People's Party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Another prominent opponent was former country ally Veikko Vennamo.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Within the party, Eastern politics, left-wing cooperation and Kekko were formed to support almost the party opposition the so-called K-line.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The content of the line was to “go so left as to hideous”.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Those who were skeptical about the representatives of the K-line began to be called the Black Dozen.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

This allowed to understand that there is a right-wing faction within the party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In 1948−1958, the Agrarian League used a well known election poster depicting a peasant's hand leaning on the Bible and the law book and the text “On these leans Agrarian”.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Change of name Veikko Vennamo, head of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry responsible for the settlement activities of the surrendered Karelian colonists, entered into a dispute with Kekkonen in the 1950s and founded the Finnish Small Peasants' Party, which moved to the Agrarian League due to urbanisation in the 1960s I like the Finnish Rural Party, on which Timo Soini, Kari Bärlund, Raimo Vistbacka and Urpo Leppänen decided to establish the PerusFinns.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[9] On October 17, 1965, the Agrarian League changed its name to the Centre Party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[10] The change portrayed the secession from agrarian politics as a nationwide general party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

With the name change, support for the party dropped sharply.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[6] At the time of the first name change, there was also the so-called Great Migration from land to cities and Sweden, leaving the party concerned about the decline of its supporter base.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The new name sought wider support from cities as well.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Support for the Centre Party in parliamentary elections at its lowest was between 35 and 36 MPs at the end of Johannes Estonian's presidency.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 1960s and 70s, the centre was a reformist, pro-parliamentary democracy party that softened the confrontation between far-left and right-wing forces.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Supporters also diversified as the share of staff members and the working population increased.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's name was changed to Centre Finland in 1988.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[6] In 1980, Paavo Väyrynen was elected President of the Centre Party, Paavo Väyrynen was elected President of the Centre Party, who with Party Secretary Seppo Käräinen began to pursue the so-called will policy, which mainly meant challenging the SDP led by Kalevi Sorsa in many in questions.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The relative weakening of the Centre Party vis-à-vis the SDP had contributed to Urho Kekkonen's illness and the change of President of the Republic.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Before the 1987 parliamentary elections, the Centre Party, the Coalition and the RKP entered into a so-called safe agreement whereby none of the parties involved in the agreement would negotiate to form a government without other parties.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

This would reject attempts by President Mauno Koivisto to get his own party, the SDP, into government.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

However, the plan came to Koivisto's attention and he appointed Harri Holker instead of President of the Coalition, Ilkka Suominen.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Instead of a bourgeois government, the result was Holker's blue-red government, which was in power from 1987 to 1991.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the autumn of 1990, the government requested the support of a centrist who had been in opposition for austerity decisions ahead of the 1991 parliamentary elections, which the party refused.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Bourgeois Government and Opposition In the 1991 parliamentary elections, the Centre won the so-called Bloodstaking election victory and for a long time emerged as the largest parliamentary party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Based on the election result, a bourgeois government of the Centre, Coalition, RKP and Christian Union was formed, with the centrist Esko Aho becoming Prime Minister.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Coalition wanted Finland to join the European Union, then called the European Community.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

While the centre viewed integration with Western Europe with scepticism, Esko Aho, the more pro-Western chairman of his own party, sought to win the support of his party for the membership project.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The EU split centrist supporters into two camps and, in particular, many of the party's rural voters opposed membership in the autumn 1994 referendum.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Paavo Väyrynen, a top figure in the party's western integration wing, worked to delay the membership vote.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

He was also the party's presidential candidate in the 1988 and 1994 presidential elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The centrist's responsibility for government was timed in a difficult period of recession, and in the 1995 parliamentary elections, the Centre lost the seat of the largest party to the Social Democrats.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Following the election, a broad-based rainbow government of the Social Democrats, Coalition, Left Alliance and Greens was formed under Paavo Lipponen.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In early spring 1996, Esko Aho introduced a work reform of the centre, which was published for the 1999 parliamentary elections under the leadership of Matti Vanhanen and Maria-Kaisa Aula.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

However, the work reform received a negative reception.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 1999 parliamentary elections, the Centre still remained the second largest party despite the losses suffered by the Social Democrats, and the party's period of opposition continued.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The centre wanted to keep the mark as currency and not switch to the use of the euro.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

2000s In the 2000 presidential election, Esko Aho emphasized the conventional nuclear family and living in a private house in a safe environment as a safe Finnish life form in his campaign.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Aho suffered a meagre defeat to Tarja Halonen of the Social Democrats in the second round of the election and later gave up politics.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Under the leadership of Anneli Jäätteenmäki, the Centre achieved victory first in the 2000 municipal elections and later in the 2003 parliamentary elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Jäätteenmäki became the first female Prime Minister of Finland and the Red Multa government she led also included the SDP and the RKP.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Soon after the election, however, Jäätteenmäki was forced to resign due to the so-called Irakgate scandal.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Matti Vanhanen, Minister of Defence in the Jäätteenmäki government, became the new Prime Minister.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 2006 presidential election, the sitting Prime Minister Vanhanen, who was the party's presidential candidate, lost in the first round to Sauli Niinistö, and the party failed to qualify for the second round of the elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the second round, Niinistö lost to sitting President Halonen, gaining almost exactly the same endorsement as Aho six years earlier.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 2007 parliamentary elections, the Centre lost some seats but still maintained its status as the largest party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Not once before in history had a centrist achieved the status of largest party twice in a row.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The coalition rose past the Social Democrats to become the second largest party, which now gained more MPs than the Social Democrats for the first time.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The government of Matti Vanhanen II was formed on the centre, the Coalition, the Greens and the RKP.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Vanhanen resigned from the positions of Prime Minister and Party Chairman in the summer of 2010. At that time, the government of Mari Kiviniemi, the new chairman of the centre, was formed, which apart from the portfolio of Minister of Municipality and Administration held by Kiviniemi who took over as Prime Minister, was identical to the Vanhanen II government.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

After the 2007 parliamentary elections, the electoral finance bust that rocked Finnish politics was seen as having deprived the centre of credibility.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[11] Many centrist politicians faced pre-trial investigations in relation to bribery offences or recusal in office.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[12] [13] [14] Central Criminal Police raided the central party office in May 2010.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[15] [16] In 2007, Party Secretary Jarmo Korhonen reported on the dire state of the party's finances, which he said would turn out for the better by 2009.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[17] Today, the centrist economy is cramped, according to the party leadership.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[18] [19] [20] In addition, the centre-owned Apollo company received tax hikes of half a million euros in autumn 2010.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[21] 2010s Finland had a centrist prime minister between 2003 and 2011, when Jäätteenmäki, Vanhanen I and II and the Kiviniemi government served.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Centre was also the largest party in parliament during this period after gaining 55 seats in the 2003 elections and 51 in the 2007 elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Based on polls conducted prior to the 2011 parliamentary elections, the Centre had, like the SDP and the Coalition, lost popularity compared to the previous parliamentary elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

According to one nationwide poll, the center and the Coalition were in nearly the same endorsement readings.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[22] However, in the election, the Centre remained only the fourth largest party, losing 16 MPs compared to the previous election.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Kiviniemi did not stand for re-election at the summer 2012 party conference.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In this way, he stated that he bore responsibility for the fact that the party had not been able to emerge sufficiently rowdy.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[23] According to some estimates, there may also be disappointment that Väyrynen and Pekkarinen challenged him after a brief presidency.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[24] At the Summer 2012 party conference, Juha Sipilä was elected President of the Centre Centre.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the parliamentary election of 2015, the Centre again returned to largest party status, gaining 49 MPs in parliament, 14 more than in the previous election.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Name and emblems The downtown logo is based on a four-leaf clover.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The party emblem has been taken from the Polish People's Party PSL.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Swedish Centre Party, on the other hand, took a model from Finland when it chose a four-clover as its emblem in 1942.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[26] The logo used by the Centre of Finland in the early 2000s.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Downtown emblem in 2012-2015.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Downtown emblem from 2015 onwards.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Structure and Organization Party Institutions Party Conference Party Conference exercises the party's supreme decision-making power and deals with major issues of principle.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

It elects for two years at a time a party chairman, three vice-presidents, a party secretary and a party councillor.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[27] Party Council The party council exercises the power vested in the party caucus during the period between party conferences.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The party council elects the party board and decides on the party's separate programs.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The party council consists of 135 members and a further 130 deputies.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The term of office is two-year.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[27] All 21 district organisations in the centre are represented on the party council.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In addition to them, the Central Women, Central Youth, Central Students, Central Newspapers and the Parliamentary Group of the Party have their own representatives.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Party Government The party government runs the overall activities of the party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

It is composed of the party president, three vice-presidents, a party secretary and 31 other members and deputies.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The party government elects a bureau from among its midst.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[27] The party government presents matters to the party council.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

It also responds to party conference initiatives by making closing motions.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

At the same time, the chairman of the party board is the chairman of


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Bureau of the Party Government The bureau of the party government consists of the party president, vice-presidents, party secretary, member elected from the party's parliamentary group to the party board, a member of the party board elected from the Centre Delegation of the European Parliament and three others a member elected from among its members by the party government.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Bureau prepares proposals for the party government and monitors the implementation of the decisions of the party bodies in Parliament, the Government and within the Party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[27] Karina Jutila of the University of Tampere has done a dissertation with one rules, two cards?


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Empirical study of internal decision-making in the Centre of Finland, dealing with the practical decision-making of the Bureau.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

According to the thesis: Party Office Centre Party Office is an office run by the party secretary responsible for general administration, such as relations at regional and local level and policy coordination.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The office was previously located in Pursimiehenkatu in Helsinki, from where it moved to Apollonkatu in Etu-Töölö.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Parliamentary Group The Centre of Finland is represented by the Centre Parliament Group.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Parliamentary Group acts as a cooperative body of MPs from the Centre of Finland.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The importance of the parliamentary group in parliamentary work is central: the meetings discuss current political issues and form positions on the matter before Parliament.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The centrist parliamentary group in the Riksdag 2015—2019 constitutes 49 MPs.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The group is chaired by MP Antti Kaikkonen.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[28] District organisations The centre has the following 20 district organisations: [29] Helsinki District Uusimaa District Varsinais-Finland District Satakunta District South Häme district Päijät-Häme district Pirkanmaa district Kymenlaakso District Karelia District South Savo District East- Savo District North Karelia District North Savonia District Central Finland District Southern Ostrobothnia District Central Ostrobothnia District North Ostrobothnia District Kainuu District Lapland District Peräpohjola District Previously, Upper Savo District was also active, from the merger of which North- The Savo district was decided in 2011.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[30] In addition to regional districts, there is a country-wide Centerns svenskspråkiga distrikt, or Downtown Swedish-speaking district.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Of the district's 16 local wards, 10 operate in Swedish-speaking Ostrobothnia.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[31] In many constituencies, the centre has more than one district organisation; these place parliamentary election candidates according to quotas they have agreed.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The centre is represented in the Häme constituency by South Häme district and Päijät-Häme district, Karelia district and Kymenlaakso district in the Kyme constituency, South Savo district and Eastern Savo district, Vaasa constituency South Ostrobothnia district and Central Ostrobothnia district, Oulu constituency North- Ostrobothnia District and Kainuu District and Lapland District and Peräpohjola District in Lapland constituency.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Local Communities of the Party Alkio-College, Korpilahti Huolahti Helsinki Archive for the Centre and Rural Archives, Agrarian Centre Party-Finland Centre Party's history archive Central Youth, Youth Organisation Rural Flower Fund Foundation, youth organisation Fund for Rural Education, Youth Foundation, Social Housing Services Organisation Finland Central Women, Women's Organisation Vesainen, Early Youth Organisation [32] Media Current Maahenki Oy, Rural Civilization Association Publishing house Suomenmaa, the main voice supporter of the Centre of Finland, appears in print and online magazine Earlier Karjalmaa, the Agrarian Union in Joensuu from 1917 to 2011 and then the Finnish Voice Supporter Liitto, the Agrarian League in Oulu from 1906 to 1993 and subsequently Lalli, a supporter of the Agrarian Union in Satakunta between 1917 and 2009 and then Turunmaa, who appeared in Satakunta between 1917 and 2009. as a membership organization, but resigned from the party again in 1986.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

As the two parties merged, the Centre inherited Liberal International membership and the Liberals' financial responsibilities.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Centre is also a member of the Party of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the European Parliament, centrists are members of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ELDR) group together with representatives of the RKP.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Ideology and values The Centre declares its values of responsibility and freedom, community and caring, equality and justice, civility, overgenerational and reasonableness, a sustainable relationship with nature and localism.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[33] The aim of the centre is a decentralised society based on a market economy, social security that encourages work and equality of opportunity.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The center strives to keep the whole country populated.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the most recent party programme, the centrist aims to be a party of faith and a civilisation movement, an ecological pioneer and a builder of peace and cooperation.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Through the power of civilisation and culture, the party strives for humanity and responsible freedom, as well as an entrepreneurial society.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The center sees itself as a movement for cooperation and reconciliation.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[34] Santeri Alkio co-founded the Agrarian League and is among the most prominent chairmen of the party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The embryonic inheritance, or embryonism, is referred to in the latest 2006 Principles Programme.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Embryism emerged as an alternative to socialism and capitalism to emphasize humanity, a popular social order, and equality.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Centre is, according to its own view, a generalist party reforming society and a popular civilisation movement.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Political Agencies and Objectives The Centre and its predecessors have carried out 24 general or principle programmes over the years.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[35] From 1906 are the programme requirements of the Young Finnish Agrarian Association of Southern Ostrobothnia and the general programmes called the Finnish Association of Agrarian Populations Programme.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

A 1908 version of the latter also exists.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The first Agrarian General Programme dates from 1914.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Subsequently, the Agrarian League drafted a further seven party programmes.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

There are eight programs made as a centrist party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Under its current name, the Centre of Finland has drawn up five party programmes, the most recent being from 2006.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

One of the most significant liberal projects in centrist history was the Labor Reform introduced in the 1999 parliamentary elections, which the trade union movement suspected would severely undermine the collective bargaining system and workers' rights.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the party's view, the Reform sought to reform the labour market and basic security in such a way that giving and doing work would have been easier.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The majority of supporters of the Centre Centre think labour market organisations are interfering in too many issues.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[36] The party did not support same-sex marriage, but does not intend to leave to cancel it.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[37] [38] In 2014, at the time of the vote on the issue, six centrist MPs supported gender-neutral marriages.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[39] The centre advocates compulsory Swedish language teaching in schools.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[37] [40] Party Secretary Jarmo Korhonen proposed in 2007 to merge the basic Finns and the centre, which was knocked out by the leadership of the Peru Finns.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[41] [42] The Centre also advocates desentralisation, i.e. spread investment.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

As part of this, it supports the dispersal investment of government jobs from the metropolitan area to other parts of Finland.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[43] The Centre has a negative view of the decline in the number of municipalities.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[44] and advocates strengthening the position of the provinces.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[45] Supporters Member States In 2011, the centre had about 163000 members according to the party's own declaration, [46] making it the largest party in Finland by far in terms of membership.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Like the SDP, the Left Alliance and the Christian Democrats, the Centre has also lost members in recent years.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[47] In 2010, it emerged that some members had been attached to the party without their knowledge.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

After media coverage of the issue, the centre estimated its membership register to have nearly 50,000 members attached to the party without the person concerned's own signature.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Hundreds of complaints have been made since “fake memberships” came to light.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[48] Political Four-Field In a survey published by the Municipal Development Foundation in 2015, 47% of centrist supporters placed themselves on the right, 40% in the centre and 10% on the left.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the value liberality−value conservatism dimension, there were 36 per cent value conservatives, 18 per cent of value liberals and 43 per cent for those in the middle.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

According to the study, as a crystallisation of the positions of the party's supporters, it can be said that the centre is a centre-right party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[49] Demography In 2008, the largest occupational groups in party conference delegates were farmers (40%), clerks (28%) and pensioners (15%).


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Two triplets of party conference delegates were male and the age distribution of participants weighted towards middle-aged and middle-aged.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[50] Attitudes towards politics Finland joined the European Union by the Aho government led by the Centre Centre.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

According to a survey by the Business Delegation, in 2008, a quarter of centrist supporters had a positive view of the European Union and half were anti-EU.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[51] In 2007, a third of centrists thought it was good that the mark was replaced by the euro.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[52] According to political scientist Ville Pernaa, the centre had (in 2011) been referred to as the 'sunset party' for almost 50 years.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[53] The party's support in recent decades was thought to decline while the number of farms would continue to decline.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

However, the centre is considered to have transformed itself from a peasant party that promoted rural and agricultural issues to a general party pushing regional politics and the cause of the Finnish provinces.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[54] In his dissertation, Seppo Kräriäinen estimated that the party's support remained thanks to the fieldpeople and skilled leaders.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[55] Support areas The support for the centre remains below 10% in the metropolitan area, Turku, Tampere and Pori, as well as in Swedish-speaking rural areas.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the provincial centres of Central Finland, Ostrobothnia, Eastern Finland and Northern Finland, the centre has been either the largest party or close to the largest party status in recent elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The highest support for the party is in rural Finnish-speaking municipalities, especially in the Ostrobothnia region.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 1983—2011 parliamentary elections, the party's support was divided by constituency as shown in the following table.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Constituencies are in the table with their current names, but their names have varied over the years.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The affiliation of municipalities to different constituencies has also varied, so data for different years may not be comparable.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The results of the constituencies correspond to the regional division according to each election year.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Åland constituency is not included because mainland Finnish parties are not active in Åland.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In Åland, the Centre of Finland did not field any candidates.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Instead, the province operates its own centre of Åland (reeds. Åländsk Center).


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Based on the results, support for the centre is highest in the Oulu and Lapland constituencies in Northern Finland.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the constituencies of Vaasa, Central Finland, Northern Savonia, South Savo and North Karelia in the central parts of Finland from the coast of Ostrobothnia to the eastern border, support for the centre exceeded 30% in the 2007 elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In addition to the national support, the centrist support was in Satakunta and Kymi constituencies.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Support was lower than this in the constituencies of Varsinais-Suomi and Pirkanmaa containing Turku and Tampere.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The lowest level of support for the centre has been in the Uusimaa and Helsinki constituencies.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Before the regional donations, support for the centre's predecessor Agrarian League was very high in the eastern constituency of Vyborg County.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The colonisation of settlers caused changes in the political power relations of many municipalities in the more western Finland.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Electoral history Parliamentary elections Centre participated in the 1983 parliamentary election together with the Liberal People's Party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

[59] The Centre has been the largest party in Parliament in the parliamentary elections of 1929, 1948, 1962, 1991, 2003, 2007 and 2015.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the first parliamentary elections in 1907, the predecessors of the current party gained nine MPs.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the subsequent parliamentary elections, support grew in election after election at first slowly, but in 1912 and 1917 the party increased its support by several percentage points.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Prior to World War II, support for the party peaked in the late 1920s, followed by a drop in support in the 1930s.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

From the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s, support was again higher.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Between 1970 and 1987, the party's vote share remained below 18%.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

This was the last time popular support had been in the 1910s.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

At its lowest, support was only 16.41% in the 1972 election.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 1991 parliamentary elections, the Centre gained what is known as a bloodstacking election victory and became the largest party in the country.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

However, in the subsequent parliamentary elections in 1995, the party's support dropped, leaving it as the second largest party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 1999 parliamentary elections, centrist support rose again, but it failed to emerge past the SDP as the largest party.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the early 2000s, the Centre managed, in two consecutive parliamentary elections (2003 and 2007), to be the largest party in parliament.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

This was the first time the Centre Party was the largest party in parliament in two consecutive elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

However, rising to become the largest party in parliament and remaining you was followed by an extremely drastic electoral defeat when in the 2011 elections its seat count fell to 16 seats and support to 15.77%, which has been the party's smallest since the 1917 election.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Centre has gained 35 MPs most recently in the 1972 election.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 2015 parliamentary election, the Centre gained a large electoral victory and 49 MPs entered parliament.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The Centre is the best-performing party in the 21st century so far in elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Local elections In municipal elections Centre was the largest party in 2000.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

The proportion of local councillors received by the centre is higher than that of the party, especially in small municipalities.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Small municipalities have fewer suffragettes per one municipal councillor from which this mismatch is formed.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Downtown has lost three consecutive local elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

However, the result of municipal elections 2012 of 18.7% is clearly better than centrist support in the previous parliamentary elections, 2011.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

European Parliament elections The parliament elected Finnish representatives to the European Parliament for the years 1995—96, when the Centre won five seats.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Since then, representatives have been elected.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

In the 1996, 1999 and 2004 elections, the Centre won four representative seats and three seats in the 2009 and 2014 elections.


Question: How many terms did Johannes Estonian serve as an MP?

Centre of Finland

Centrists are members of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ELDR) group in Parliament.