Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After the march, the delegation declined in importance, but still the name Lapuan Movement Delegation served under various communiqués and pressures as the representative of the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[15] Eventually, the government of Kyösti Kallio IV (16 August 1929—4 July 1930) made an unfounded decision in law to abolish all communist magazines for fear of otherwise engaging in illegal activities by the Lapuans.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The decision was approved by Parliament on 1 July 1930, although no similar proposal had been approved earlier in the spring.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the government submitted a motion to the Parliament to abolish the activities of the Communists and began to bend to the demands of the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander also took pressure on the government, which finally on 2 July submitted his resignation request due to the untenable domestic political situation, despite having just received a vote of confidence from parliament.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, in line with the goals of the Lapuan movement, a pan-bourgeois government led by P. E. Svinhufvud was formed, in which representatives of the Lapuan movement were planned.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

K. R. Kare was envisioned as Minister of Education and Vihtori Dukeaa or Kosola as Minister of Social Affairs.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, Svinhufvud did not want “two dictators” (meaning Svinhufvud and Kosola) in government, and business did not want to get entangled in government politics either.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Compared to the government, the Lapuan movement was strong enough: It did not have to tie its hands.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The mutual antipathies (arising from theological differences) between the churchmen K. R. Kare and Paavo Virkkunen, who became Minister of Education, have also been thought to have played a role in the plan's tapering.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[16] Abduction of MPs from the Constitutional Committee To give impetus to their demands, the Lapua Movement decided to show its mass power with a peasant march to Helsinki.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

To intensify the show of force, Vihtori Kosola gave orders to paraphrase communist MPs.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Two days before the march, in the morning of 5 July 1930, a Lapuan force, led by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen and Artturi Vuorimaa, penetrated the Session of the Constitutional Committee to kidnap the communists' Helsinki MPs Eino Pekkala and Jalmari Rötkö.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Committee Chairman Väinö Voionmaa (SDP) and Ernst von Born (RKP) tried to prevent the hijacking, but Eerolainen wore his badge of the Detective Central Police (EK) in the situation and the Lapuans were allowed to take the MPs to the car for a ride, although both tried to grab themselves when carrying. to the door of the committee room.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The deputies were rushed to Kosola, Lapua, from where they were released after the government announced that the state would not receive the march if the delegates were not released.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, the newly appointed Svinhufvud government had already bent on ordering all communist MPs to be detained “on suspicion of treasonous activity”, but the arrest order was not issued until the afternoon of the following day.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Parliament afterwards approved the government measure despite doubts expressed by the Social Democrats and Swedes.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[17] [2] The Peasant March On Monday, 7 July 1930, the Peasant March was held, which was the largest display of force in the popular movement and a turning point in the history of the movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The peasant march was a well-planned massive operation in which 12000 supporters of the Lapuan movement marched by province and region into regiments, battalions and companies divided by patronage discipline and order.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The marchers were Finnish and Swedish-speaking, as the language issue was of little interest to the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the march was planned to be called “Patronage Marches”, but the commander of the Patron Municipalities, Lauri Malmberg, forbade the use of the Patron Uniform.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The main idea of the movement was to hold a new event that would resemble the White Army Victory Parade on 16 May 1918.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Although the movement was a parade of victory, similar events from abroad were also modelled on, notably the Swedish peasants' national defence march in 1914 and the march of the Italian black shirts to Rome in 1922.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Before the peasant march, the domestic political situation was extremely tense.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

With the government's position proving tenuous, there was even speculation that a coup by the Lapuans was possible.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

There was no thought in the movement to revoke actively government power, but some of the Lapuans had considered hijacking if the government was not active enough against the Communists.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The movement tried to appease public opinion with a bulletin.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

During the march, both the Lapuan movement and the government pledged to fight for the eradication of communism and to support each other.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, the government asked the Popular Movement to stop exercising the right of own hands.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Kallio government designed a package of laws aimed at banning all activities interpreted as communist.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

With the Social Democrats opposing the motion, the government in parliament failed to win over the qualified majority of at least two-thirds needed to amend the constitution, leaving some of the laws to rest over the elections.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In retaliation, the Lapuans kidnapped (Revelation) 17—18.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On July 1930, Väinö Hakkilan, the Social Democratic Deputy Speaker of the Parliament, from Tampere Teisko to Kuortane, through Lapua, and assaulted him.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[18] In this case, in order to expedite consideration of the Communist laws, President Relander dissolved parliament on 15 July 1930 and ordered new elections to be held 1—2.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

on October 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[13] Intimidation and pressure from the Lapuan movement set the tone for the electoral struggle.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The government gave the land lords broad powers to block electoral activity on the far left.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander urged the people to vote for candidates who would pass communist laws.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Coalition and the SDP increased their number of seats, but with the far left losing out of parliament entirely, the seats of the left were not enough for even a third blocking minority.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The new parliament passed communist laws in October 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[13] All political and professional organisational activities interpreted as “communist” were abolished, and persons suspected of being communists were denied the right to participate in elections under the Constitution of Finland.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[19] Suspected communists were also imprisoned; often on fabricated or fraudulent charges.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[20] [21] In Finland, the President of the Parliament is the second highest-ranking person after the President of the Republic.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Thus, riding Väinö Hakkila, the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament and Municipal Mayor of the City of Tampere (1920—1952), against his will, was an impressive and publicity-inducing act.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On July 18, 1930, the first ride took place that really nipped in public support of the movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The lows of the popular movement can be considered to begin from that day onwards.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

At the time, the Social Democrat in the highest state position, Väinö Hakkila, the deputy speaker of parliament, who was going to his summer villa in Teisko, was riding.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Hakkila was stopped in Teisko at gunpoint and forced into another car.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Even though he belonged to the right wing of his party, Hakkila was paraphrased because of his criticism of the modes of the popular movement, especially the amuses.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Hakkila was taken to Kuortane, during the journey she was threatened to be taken to the Soviet Union and was planted in an anthill.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, Jussi Muilu prevented Hakkila's killing.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Hakkila expressed support for Lapua's movement and promised to retire from politics, thus releasing him.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The ride in Väinö Hakkila was planned by Eino Haarla, a financial supporter of the Lapuan movement, son of trade adviser Rafael Haarla, President of the Revolutionary War Front Union, Eero Rekola, and business assistant Yngve Mustonen.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

All were Tampereans.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Haarla and Rekola recruited five mullets, led later by Arvi Kalsta, the ice captain who was the leader of the Finnish People's Organisation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Kalsta was sentenced as the lead perpetrator of the ride to an eight-month discipline room sentence.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The reputation of the Revolutionary War Front Men Union suffered badly with the ride.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The act was widely condemned and subsequently as a sure supporter of the Lapua movement in the press, mostly only Uusiu Suomi and, to some extent, Aamulehti.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

With the ride of Väinö Hakkila, the county lord of Vaasa County, Erik Heinrichs, resigned from the position he considered untenable.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement was put on the defensive by a ride that clearly showed the fieldfolk had been radicalised and initiated their anti-Social Democrat activities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The radical leader of the Lapuan movement, the vicar of Lapua, Kaarlo Rietrikki Kares, disliked the idealization of violence, but declared that it was a kind of revolution and that life had its own hard laws.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In many civic circles, this statement of Kares caused astonishment and consternation: This was followed by the most radical part: The portion of the radical statement of Kares, which spoke of overturning the autonomy of parliamentary parties, was received by citizens who supported the republican form of government on his hind legs.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Kares had already declared Vihtori Kosola the “People's Leader chosen by God” in the summer.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

This proclamation subsequently became highly known.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In September 1930, however, in Turku, Kosola tried to appease statements belonging to the radical wing, saying: “The Lapuan movement has not sought and does not seek to dominate the country.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

For that are the government, the parliament and the various governing bodies”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Onni Happonen murder Along with the slaying of Suutari Erik Itto, the most famous blood act of the Lapua movement was the murder of Social Democrat Onni Happonen, chairman of the Heinävesi Municipal Board.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 1 September 1930, he was kidnapped in connection with a local council meeting in front of a large crowd of people by forcing Happone using violence into a passenger car.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

His body was found two years later buried in the forest just off the Karvio Canal along the road between Joensuu and Varkaus.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The body showed signs of a fierce beating and an autopsy determined the death had been caused by a bullet fired in the head.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[22] Otto Pakarinen, a laborer, was condemned for the killing of Happonen, who, however, had apparently taken the blame for a large sum of money.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Despite eyewitnesses to the abduction, the true culprits of the murder went undetermined and unpunished.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Members of the Lapuan movement from Kuopio or Heinävesi's own activists, who have been considered at least named Onni Hartio, are suspected of being the real culprits.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[23] After the funeral of Onni Happonen, the wreaths laid on the tomb during the following night were dispersed and spread around the churchyard.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[22] Autumn Parliamentary elections 1930 and the decline in support of the movement Parliamentary elections 1 to 2.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

October raised a political storm.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement pressured bourgeois parties to create a pan-bourgeois front.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Although the unity of the popular movement began to break, as moderates and radicals began to take together even more.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, the movement's leadership urged its supporters in mid-September to stop the rides under pressure from the government.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In September, an electoral alliance called the Patriotic Electoral Alliance was created, in which all patriotic, or practically anti-communist elements, according to the definition of the movement, regardless of party affiliation, were to be assembled.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, the electoral alliance received no more than 10000 votes.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Intellectuals and power figures appealed before the election both for and against the popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

For example, Mannerheim and Danielson-Kalmari became supporters of the Lapua movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the elections, the bourgeois parties received 134 delegates and the Social Democrats 66.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The National Coalition increased its seat count from 28 to 42 delegates.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists' Electoral Organisation, whose nomination was subject to partial hurdles, received only 11504 votes, or 1.02% of the vote, yielding no seats in parliament.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The new parliament voted with the smallest possible two-thirds qualified majority to enforce the Republic Protection Act, which officially banned communist activities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In Finland, the far left had no legal rights to operate until after the Continuation War in 1944.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In December, the Labor Peace Act was enacted, by which time the movement's key objectives had been pushed through.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Around the same time, support for the movement began to decline.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The main factor in the popularity of the popular movement was particularly the late-summer and autumn 1930 ride-hailing scandals.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Most of the fall rides were done locally as acts by individual individuals in the name of the Lapuan movement and the spirit of Lapua, many without the knowledge of the movement's leading figures.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On the other hand, the movement did not condemn rides either, so the rides ate up the movement's endorsement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Finally, the worst blow to the endorsement was the famous ride of the first President of Finland (25 July 1919 — 1 March 1925) K. J. Ståhlberg to Joensu on 14 October 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The ride idea was an ill-conceived project under the chief of the General Staff, Ice Kuussaari, Major-General Kurt Martti Wallenius.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Wallenius, too, was considered to have been involved in the ride.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

He lost office and served time in prison until July 1931, when he was acquitted by the Supreme Court as innocent.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, for service in the defence forces, Wallenius was unable to get back until the Winter War.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] [24] Ståhlberg's ride was a bad blow to the whole Lapuan movement, as the movement was generally considered to be the culprit of the act.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The ride can also be attributed to the radicalisation of the movement's supporters.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg was opposed from his old age in a circle of activists and the right wing of the Coalition, but still the whole Lapuan movement did not consider the ride sensible.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

For the Social Democrats and the libertarian bourgeoisie, a bourgeois legalman, Ståhlberg, the first president of the republic, was a symbol of constitutional democracy.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The ride led to the abolition and merger of Suomen Luko into the Lapuan movement after its secretary, Mikko Jaskari, was involved in the case.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] After Ståhlberg's ride, the Agrarian League and the National Progress Party broke away from the pro-Lapuan movement group.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The parties formed a so-called Legality Front with the Swedish People's Party, of which the Social Democrats served as a kind of external member.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Svinhufvud government decided that the riders had to be brought to justice and demanded the Lapuan movement stop protecting the paraphrasers.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

When the police began to capture suspects of the mullet, Lapua's movement responded with mass force and organised a mass enrollment of paraphernalia in a building managed by Ostrobotnia in Töölöö, Helsinki, where 400 people arrived.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Similar events took place around the country and eventually police had 10,000 suspects to question.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The government again found itself in an embarrassing situation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lord of Vaasa, K. V. Martonen, on the other hand, did not even agree to continue the investigations, justifying that the province was so pro-Lapuan that it was impossible to catch the riders.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In Ostrobothnia, the violence against communists was seen as patriotic acts, not crimes.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The mass enrolments of riders across Finland were the last events of the anti-communist movement known as the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In the end, 14% of those taking part in the ride were challenged.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

There were 656 charges filed for the rides, 38 per cent of which lapsed.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

10% of those convicted were handed an unconditional prison sentence.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

So, of the riders, the vast majority did not receive any kind of conviction.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

One in five people who were victims of political violence during the rides demanded and received justice.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although the rides of Väinö Hakkila and K. J. Ståhlberg were a bad blow to Lapua's movement, in a sense these two rides had the effect the mulletters hoped for.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After his amusement, Hakkila sharpened his attitude towards the Communists and got along well with the MPs of the Patriotic People's Movement, or former Lapuans, during the wars.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg continued to stand on his line of legality, but no longer criticised the actions of the Lapua movement as strongly.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, this was not enough for the more radical supporters of the Lapua movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In February 1931, with the presidential election battle at its hottest, the main pro-Lapuans' activist magazine called for the assassination of President Ståhlberg.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

By order of the Minister of the Interior, the edition of that issue was confiscated, but editor-in-chief Vihtori Kosola was not dared to be arrested.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[25] The Lapuan Movement Ry Presidential elections 1931 and the objectives of Lapuan Joint Ry With the radicalization of Summer and Autumn 1930, moderate circles left the Lapuan Movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

22—23 p.m.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

At a popular movement meeting on November 1930, the Lapuan Liika Ry was established.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The founders were practically representatives of the radical wing of the popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The purpose was to create more organizational features of the popular movement and to clarify its ambiguous leadership.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan Liikan Ry introduced district division and local divisions according to patron municipal districts.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

At the turn of 1931—1932, the organization had a membership of about 30,000.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Although it is difficult to calculate, and it is not exactly known how much active part of the Spring—Summer 1930 Lapuan movement, the number of members of the organisation was probably considerably less than that of the previous popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, the organisation of the movement remained halfway.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In late autumn 1931, the former Chief of the General Staff Kurt Martti Wallenius, who as a good organiser, was elected General Secretary, Kurt Martti Wallenius, who, as a good organiser, was able to hold the wires in some way in his hands.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Although the organisation had important financial supporters from the business and business world, such as Rafael Haarla and Petter Forsström, Wallenius' salary was paid by a volunteer group of Ostrobothian men assembled by Jussi Muilu.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, the Lapua Movement, which transformed itself from the People's Movement to Lapua Ry, still managed to influence the country's politics in the future, especially in the March 1931 presidential election, which can be counted as the last show of political strength for the movement before the Mäntsälä rebellion.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Although it was already more difficult to influence, as support for the movement had diminished considerably in the circles of the Agrarian League, the National Progress Party and the Swedish People's Party.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The presidential elections in March 1931 were becoming another political crisis for good reason, because Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who was firmly supported by the Lapua Movement, and K. J. Ståhlberg of the Legality Front.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the Agrarian League, leaders such as Juho Niukkanen tried to get supporters behind Svinhufvud.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud's endorsement was partly based on the fact that the election of Ståhlberg might lead to unrest and derail the country into a really bad crisis.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud was also believed to hold with his authority the Lapuan Movement and the extremists that sympathize with it in check.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

This was especially hoped for in agrarian circles.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Svinhufvud tried to cool the feelings of the sharpest Lapuans by releasing a communique through STT in February saying that all districts should accept the election result, whatever it may be.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

A couple of days after this communication, the ingredients for the crisis emerged when Activist magazine, which advocated the steep line of the Lapua Movement, published a writing that was interpreted to mean that Ståhlberg should be fired if Svinhufvud did not get elected.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Owned by Yrjö Nikula, Activist was edited by Vilho Viita and also had its Swedish language sister magazine, Aktivisten.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The activist's cover featured a picture of Mannerheim, set by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, under which read “History always repeats”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

An article written by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen called “Shots” was found on the inside pages.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the article, it was written to readers that heroes like Eugen Schauman and Bobi Sivén would still be needed.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

New Finland tried to explain and understand the writing in its editorial, writing that Eerolainen's “uneasy mood can be embraced in light of recent state cases”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Erkki V. Kuokkanen, an agrarian minister of the interior, ordered the magazine's entire edition to be seized and the editor arrested.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, since the formal editor-in-chief of the magazine was Vihtori Kosola, the arrest was not carried out so as not to escalate the situation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[26] [2] Eventually, in the first round of electors in the presidential election, they were facing off against P. E. Svinhufvud, K. J. Ståhlberg and Kyösti Kallio, who was still in the second round.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg did not become selected in the third round, as the Agrarian selectors went behind Svinhufvud.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

When it was announced in parliament that Svinhufvud was elected president by a vote of 151—149, the audience in the parliament's galleries erupted into applause, but Svinhufvud roared, “Shut up, this is no theatre!”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Those who supported the Lapua Movement had come to follow the election, as was the case when voting for the Republic's Protection Act.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The receding Relanderkin found the result easing, writing in his diary: “The cause of the fatherland came to be saved.”


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud managed to keep the Lapuans practically in complete silence for the next six months.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

And even so Svinhufvud played a great role in stopping the Mäntsälä rebellion.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Later, it has been concluded that the election of Ståhlberg would have raised a larger wave of Lapuan lawlessness than in the summer of 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] [27] Svinhufvud also generally implemented policies desired by bourgeois circles and the Lapua Movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

For example, he decided to improve the state of national defence, which failed to improve for party political reasons, and was not easy in the future.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan Movement had called for Mannerheim as Chairman of the Defence Council, whom Svinhufvud immediately appointed to this post.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Svinhufvud also secretly appointed Mannerheim as wartime commander-in-chief.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Ståhlberg, on the other hand, disliked Mannerheim.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Lapuan Movement really went silent for six months.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Support for the movement fell further once the last goal had been achieved.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Support for the movement had fallen all along as it had achieved its objectives.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In general, the movement thus began to be seen as futile, once communism and the far left had been eradicated, a bourgeois government erected, site terror removed and Svinhufvud elected president.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The movement began to focus on its next target, the eradication of social democracy.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Movement had already shown signs of anti-social democracy in the autumn of 1930, but in November at the founding meeting of the Lapua Joint RY it adopted the abolition of the SDP as its official goal.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The whole of the popular movement had been based on high and strong risks for and against feelings, but the goal of eradicating the Social Democrats has many times been regarded as its biggest mistake.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Finnish people did not see the SDP as a threat, but they were not sympathetic to communism, as demonstrated by the results of the parliamentary elections.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, the movement began to believe truly in its phrase “We do what we will” and considered it possible that the SDP could be removed wherever the communists were.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Especially it believed in direct action, because the demands of a popular movement, would not have passed without foreign parliamentary direct means, lawlessness and violence.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The eradication of social democracy was justified by the fact that the SDP had voted against the Republic's Protection Act and tried to slow down the implementation of communist legislation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, it held that the remaining communists or other far-leftists in Finland had infiltrated this only remaining left-wing party.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Thus, it was necessary to eradicate the entire left.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Some extremists of the Lapuans were also apparently planning to get rid of the legal front, which was on good terms with the SDP.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] With the radicalisation and destruction of the Lapuan Movement on 17 September 1931, the RKP Minister of the Interior Ernst von Born gave the order to open the Lapuan Workers' House, which had been nailed up in November 1929 immediately after the Communist Challenge Party.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The movement had lived in silence, but von Born re-raised its will to fight, especially as von Born had challenged to ask which one would impose, the government or Kosola.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

A citizens' assembly was again held in Lapua, at the conclusion of which on 21 September 1931, the Lapuan Workers' House was nailed and boarded up with a force of two thousand men.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Iivari Koivisto gave a speech before nailing, and after nailing, a telegram was sent to the makers which read: “The house is closed and remains”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The nailing of the Labour House became a true Lapuan folk celebration and the government was forced to bend again in the face of Lapuan mass force.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Threat of coup The incident caused the coup rumours to start swirling again as it did among the left in the autumn of 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The rumours gained further impetus when statements were released from the Lapuan movement that spoke only vaguely of the need to change the state order.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Union of Revolutionary War Frontmen and the Provincial Movement were suspected as possible planners of the coup project.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In November, the domestic political situation began to escalate and rumors grew.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On November 14, 1931, a meeting was held in Lapua at which the so-called Programme Declaration was drawn up, calling for a transition to a majority electoral system, the tying of voting rights to the ability to pay taxes, the abandonment of social reforms, the transfer of power of parliament to the government, agricultural production support for the liberation of those involved in the illegal activities of the Lapuan movement and the prohibition of social democratic activities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The majority electoral system was intended to create a strong one-party bourgeois government, which would be strengthened by delegating the power of parliament to it.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Tying the right to vote to the ability to pay taxes was apparently to guarantee that the poorer working population would not be allowed to vote Left, which would, however, be effectively wiped out by the banning of the Social Democrats (in which case the majority of voters on the left would probably have moved to vote “left-wing burghers”).


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The demands tell the Lapua Movement, with its demands, moved considerably more to the right from the original popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[28] In particular, the restriction of the right to vote by wealth informed this, especially since the adherence to the original popular movement included many underprivileged peasants and entrepreneurs affected by the depression.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[4] On 7 November 1931, in an editorial in Helsingin Sanomat, Eljas Erkko wrote that a coup d'état was going to be carried out in the country, probably led by K. M. Wallenius, who had just been elected secretary-general, and Arne Somersalo, editor of Aika's Suunta magazine.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Instead, Esko Riekki, the chief of the Detective Central Police (EK), said, along with the Coalition and the press supporting it, that no action was planned in the country, at most a level of vandalism.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Late in the year, the rebellion among the Lapuans was the failure of Svinhufvud to carry out the measures advocated by the Lapuans to bring down social democratic activities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

As the BC was not trusted, the secret society Pro Patria et Lege — For the Fatherland and Law, which, as a moderate-bourgeois counterforce to the Lapua Movement, had been founded in autumn 1931.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[29] The situation really began to escalate on January 25, 1932.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

A citizens' meeting was held in Mäntsälä, at the end of which, according to the Social Democrat of Finland, it was decided to nail down all the working houses in Mäntsälä.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Ohkola Workers' House and many other workers' houses had time to close and Bruno Jalander, the mayor of Uusimaa County, sent the Mobile Police Department to calm the situation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuans began to regard von Born as a traitor to the earth because he protected the socialists and their activities by his actions.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 27 February, Mikko Erich, MP Mikko Erich, who had defected from the Coalition Party to the Social Democratic Party, was scheduled to be held at the Ohkola Workers' House in Mäntsälä.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Erich was considered a traitor to the ground, as he had before unveiled statues commemorating the Revolutionary War and had been an active Coalition, but later converted to socialist.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 24 February 1932, support troops from the Lapua Movement arrived in Mäntsälä and the district chief of the Patron Municipal District of Northern Uusimaa, Paavo Susitaival, asked to cancel Erich's speaking event because unrest might arise, but this request was refused.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Mäntsälä Rebellion Finally, on 27 February 1932, 400—700 patrons interrupted by shooting Erich's speech session at the Ohkola Workers' House.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Initially it was supposed to disperse after the meeting was broken up, but the patrons, under Lieutenant Artturi Vuorimaa, moved to the Mäntsälä patronage house and refused to surrender to the authorities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 28 February 1932, Vuorimaa issued a rebellion declaration and the Mäntsälä rebellion, or nerve battle between the government and the Lapuan Movement, began.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On the same day, Pro Patria et Lege — For the Fatherland and the Law was activated.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 29 February, the Lapuan Movement leadership positioned itself to support the rebellion after evening and nightly reflection.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The next day the Coalition positioned itself to support the rebels and the rebels as well as the Lapuan Movement appeared to be on the head of the neck.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Ostrobothian troops arrived in Mäntsälä and 5000 to 7000 patrons moved throughout the country.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Jyväskylä was held by the rebels and 1000 armed patron municipalities had gathered at Pori's patron council house.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, there was movement in Salo.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Although President Svinhufvud was right-wing, he could not allow another civil war and the wreckage of democracy.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Thus, he gave his famous radio speech on 3 March 1932, appealing to the patron municipalities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

This promise and appeal caused the rebellion colonies to disintegrate: [2] [30] 4—5.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On March 1932, the Lapuan Movement leadership decided to put down the rebellion.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 5 March, the rebellion colony in Jyväskylä broke up, and the following night it was reported that Mäntsälä rebels would surrender.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

By 10:00 in the morning of 7 March, the insurgency leadership reported and thus definitively the rebellion came to an end.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Lapuan Movement leadership was sentenced to prison terms.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The activities of Lapuan Joko Ry had been banned in practice as early as 29 February under the Republic's Protection Act, but Interior Minister Arvo Mainland disbanded the organisation on 24 March.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The decision was upheld by the Court of Racing 28.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

May.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[31] The heirs of the Lapuan movement Vihtori Kosola returned from captivity on 20 October 1932 to Lapua and the event was a great folk festival.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

To continue the legacy of the Lapuan movement, the Patriotic People's Movement was founded on 5 June 1932.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The party began its activities on 14 June 1932 at the Assembly of Representatives in Lapua.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Patriotic People's Movement continued to see the goal of eradicating social democracy in its party program, but operated as a party with the rules of the game of democracy and parliamentarism, despite the background of its predecessor.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Patriotic People's Movement was only a parliamentary party among others in its emphasis on legality, parliamentarism and democracy.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

This annoyed many old representatives of the radical wing of the Lapuan Movement who relied on active direct action, such as Kosti-Paavo Eerolalainen.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Patriotic People's Movement was quite a different political movement from the Lapuan Movement and operated in a completely different social situation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Patriotic People's Movement formed a “Patriotic Electoral Union” with the Coalition in the 1933 parliamentary elections, obtaining 14 seats, eating the votes of the Coalition so that the Coalition's number of seats fell from 42 to 18.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the 1936 elections it gained 14 seats again and in the 1939 elections 8 seats.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The party sat in Rangell's government from 4 January 1941 to 5 March 1943.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Article 21 of the Moscow Interim Peace Treaty called for the abolition of all “pro-Hitlerite organisations”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

These were interpreted by Finnish policymakers as referring to patriotic and national defence organisations such as the Academic Karelala-Seura, Lotta-Svärd, Patronuskunta and Patriotic People's Movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the Finnish Union of Brothers in Arms had to be abolished.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Patriotic People's Movement was ordered disbanded four days after the conclusion of a peace treaty on 23 September 1944.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[4] Leadership of the Lapuan Movement Many times the Lapuan movement is thought to have been a more derived organisation than it was.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The only region under the effective control of the Lapua movement was Southern Ostrobothnia, which was almost in mystical value during the Lapuan years.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In fact, the “Lapuan Movement” was commonly referred to as the anti-communist movement in the country as well as the events connected to it.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Ultimately, the movement was united only by anti-communism, in the signs of which quite diverse persons, directions and circles participated in the movement's activities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement did not have any membership book or card, but anyone could act in the name of the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the provinces outside southern Ostrobothnia, the spirit of Lapua, or anti-communist movement, relied on local organisations, patrons and former activists, as well as anyone who considered it necessary to eradicate communism in Finland.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

From the House of Kosola, contact was maintained by telegram and telephone with these major non-Ostrobothnian anti-communist circles; however, these were not directly under the command of Kosola or Lapua.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The vaguely and sporadically assembled leadership of the Lapua movement made no more than a few line-pulling decisions, which included organising “uprisings”, preparations for the disposal of Communist printmakers for 16 June 1930, the capture of communist MPs from the Reichstag before 1. Reichstag meeting on July 1930, cessation of direct action for the duration of the Peasant March (7 July 1930) and Communist Acts and its resumption on 18 July 1930 with the Väinö Hakkila ride, purges of local councils from communists Lapua Movement based on the recommendation of the delegation on 24 July 1930, the purges ending in confrontation with the state power on 8—10.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

September 1930 and the cessation of violence on 15 September 1930 to guarantee a bourgeois electoral victory and a pan-bourgeois front in parliamentary elections 1—2.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

on October 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Even these, the capture of the communists did not work like the capture of Rötkö-Pekkala by Eerolainen and Vuorimaa.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Especially K. R. Kares, as a former Reichstag, had opposed the capture of communist representatives in the middle of the Reichstag.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

A kind of general staff of the informal Lapua movement (before becoming an organization) was the House of Kosola in Lapua.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The attention of the media, citizens and politicians was just drawn to Kosola in the summer of 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The leadership in Kosola as well as throughout the popular movement was not very tightly organised.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Communications were sent from Kosola and contacted by telegram and telephone with various provinces and politicians.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

A lot of support telegrams also arrived in Kosola, but also barking telegrams, especially from the American-Finnish Communists.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Kai Donner referred to Kosola's house as “the post office.”


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, several different persons visited the house with different requirements.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Lieutenant Artturi Vuorimaa, who worked in Kosola, described the leadership of the popular movement thus: defining the personnel leadership of the Lapuan movement is not easy either.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Many times only Lapua has been spoken of, which is intended only for “Kosola and partners”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the spring of 1930, Gustav Tiitu, Artturi Leinonen and Vihtori Kosola were the leaders of the movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

His inner circle also included the rector Hilja Riipinen and the vicar of Lapua, K. R. Kares, whose position was important especially at the beginning.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Martti Pihkala also played a role in the organization of the early stages.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Like the Agrarian League, Pihkala advocated maintaining a popular movement as a support movement for the government, rather than as a protest movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

So did docent Kai Donner, who had always been involved in various activist circles and right-wing organizations.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Donner was not among the leading figures; he was essentially laying the ideological underpinnings of the movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

He had prestige in the old activist circles of Helsinki and thus was a major player in the Lapuan movement in southern Finland.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

He remained a strong background influence throughout the existence of the Lapua movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The moderate legal line Suomen Lukko, led by Leinonen, operated from March to October 1930, but drifted to sidings from the popular movement shortly after its founding, after direct action began.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Originally, the Finnish Lukko was intended as an anti-communist umbrella organization.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Lukko operated as an independent anti-communist organization and had footholds in various provinces of Finland, although in Lapua, a leadership of its own had formed around Kosola.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Kosola's own management came about after the sledgehamming of the Voice of Work (28 March 1930) and the Vaasa riot (4 June 1930).


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the summer of 1930, the so-called Lapuan Triumvirate, or the Tri-Lead of the Popular Movement, was born, consisting of the bank manager Iivari Koivisto and Vihtori Duke in addition to Vihtori Kosola.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

K. R. Kares' influence in the movement grew after the Peasant March (7 July 1930) and by autumn he was actively included in the leadership and his place in photographs alongside Koivisto, Kosola, and the Duke.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

To some extent, the election of Kares informed the rise in power of the radical wing.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement had many organizers who put Lapuan activities into practice.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous of these organisers are Heikki Castrén, Lieutenant Artturi Vuorimaa and former detective Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen of the Detective Central Police (EK).


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The latter two represented the steep wing of the movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Eerolainen turned Activisti magazine into a radical wing sympathizer while working as a journalist at the magazine and was known as a hard paraphraser.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Later, Lieutenant Colonel Paavo Susitaival, older brother of Bobi Sivén, Repola's titular man, rose to become a well-known representative of the radical wing.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Susitaival served as district chief of the patron municipal district of Northern Uusimaa and is known to have taken part in the activities of the Lapuan movement at least as early as the time of the peasant march.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Since then, Susitaival was involved in the final stages of the radical Lapua Movement and the leadership of the Mäntsälä rebellion.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Several powerful men revolved around the leadership of the Lapuan movement, so the leadership was not entirely in the hands of these three, then four men.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

There has always been controversy over Kosola's leadership.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

He was more of an ideological leader, elevated to the great peasant leader of the peasant uprising, who was made the new James Ilkka.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In late November 1930, the People's Movement was organized into an organization, thus becoming somewhat easier to define its leadership.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The new leading name was Kurt Martti Wallenius, who remained from the Reich's policy for siding in Ståhlberg, who became the organisation's general secretary.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Similarly, leading figures in the business world such as Rafael Haarla and Petter Forsström grew in importance as sponsors of the organisation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Hilja “Hurja-Hilja” Riipinen, who was known for his radical opinions, was also raised in the organisation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The main voice supporter of the Lapua Movement Activist in 1930 was counted as the leaders of the movement: farmer K. V. Huhtala farmer and Vihtori Hertzen ice steward Antti Isotalo farmer Matti Malkamäki farmer Erkki Perheentupa Lt. Col. P. A. Helped farmer Juho (Jussi) Tala Captain Torsten Hedman Vicar of Lapua, Asseror K. R. Kares Later found guilty of the Mäntsälä revolt The basis can also be deduced from the organization's leading figures.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

These individuals, though, represented the last radical phase of the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The main persons responsible for the Mäntsälä revolt (27.2.-6 March 1931) were considered: Vihtori Kosola (farmer and peasant, leader of the Lapua Movement) Kurt Martti Wallenius (Major General, General Secretary of the Lapua Movement) Arne Somersalo (Lieutenant Colonel, Editor-in-Chief of Ajan Sanaa magazine, Finland Former Commander of the Air Force) Paavo Susitaival (Lieutenant Colonel, District Head of Northern Uusimaa Patron District) Artturi Vuorimaa (Lieutenant, Chief Operating Officer of the Mäntsälä Rebellion) Arvo Lindh (former City Viscal of Kokkola, Treasurer of the Lapuan Movement) Rafael Haarla (trade advisor, financial supporter of the Lapua Movement) Walde Sario (leader, Mäntsälä insurgency leader and leader of the Lapua movement alongside Wallenius and Kosola) Professor Juha Siltala has mentioned as leading hit-and-ride hitmen and organisers following Lapua movement actives: (In parentheses, the locality of which the person was the leader and organizer of the strike force.)


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

bank manager Yrjö Nikula (Lapua) Jaakko Muilu (Lapua) Jaakko Muilu (Lapua) deputy judge Ilmari Talvitie (Ilmajoki) businessman Arvo Sihto (Ilmajoki) Detective Central Police Detective Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen (Kokkola) Executive Secretary Vilho Viita (Kokkola) Captain Eino A. Laitakari (Turku) Paavo Markkula (Loimaa) National Coalition MP, peasant Erkki Perheentupa (Loimaa) leader Ahto Sippola (Helsinki) activist, farmer Toivo Pohjala (Pori region) War of Independence President of the Association of Front Men Eino Haarla (Tampere) Secretary of the Association of Front Men of the War of Independence, journalist Eero Rekola (Tampere) Chief of the Kainuu Patron District Major Pauli Kontio (Kajaani) Detective Central Police Detective, Head of Order of Kajaanin Puutavara Oy Albin Tolonen (Kajaani) bank manager Isak Kaitera (Oulu) former Group Vientipeace Principal Agent, Ilmari Takkala (Karstula) former Power League active, activist, innkeeper Einar Sarlin (Viitasaari) activist, peasant Paavo Jauhiainen (Kiuruvesi) veterinarian Aaro Hokkanen (Leppävirta) Member of the Joensuu patron district staff, pharmacist Karl Mannelin (Joensuu) Founder of the Nurmes patron council, organizer of tribal wars, member of district staff, pharmacist Matti Calonius (Nurmes) Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Perälä , Reijo| title = Lapuan Lieutenan| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Historical Society of Northern Finland| year = 1998}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Torsten Edgren, Merja Manninen and Jari Ukkonen| title = Epic, Finnish History Handbook | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-0-27651-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niinistö, Jussi| title = Lapua Movement — Photo history of uprising 1929—1932| location = Helsinki| publisher = NIMOX KY| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| publisher = NIMOX KY| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| | author = Nestori Parkkari| title = Years of Violence: Memoirs in Tammisaari Prison | location = Tampere| publisher = Folk Culture| year = 1961}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikki Ylikangas| title = Finnish History Nodes| publisher = WSOY| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951 -0-32864-4| accessdate = 20.10.2007| page=236}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Impala, or piece antelope [1] [2] (Aepyceros melampus), is one of the most common antelopes in Africa.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

It lives as common in many places in eastern and southern Africa.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The species' habitat includes various fringe environments, open woodland, woodland and shrub vannas.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

It is an antelope medium in size and weighs 40—76 kilograms.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The coloration is hazel brown on the back, paler on the flanks.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The abdomen is white.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

There are 15—120 individuals in the impala herds and the structure of the herds varies with the seasons and breeding time.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Nutrition consists mostly of hay in the rainy season, in the dry season mostly leaves of trees and shrubs.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Impala preferably drinks daily and stays close to drinking places.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

After a carrier period of 194—200 days, the female usually gives birth to only one vasa, which it breastfeeds for 4—7 months.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Size and appearance Impalas belong to medium-sized antelopes.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[1] They are also among the most graceful of the antelopes.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] The combined length of the head and body of an impala is 1.1—1.5 metres, a tail length of 25—40 centimeters, and a height at the withers is 77.5—100 centimeters.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[4] Males weigh 53—76 kilograms, females 40—53 kilograms.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[5] Males have comparatively thin, lyrical and ribbed spiral horns, 45 to 92 centimeters long.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Females are hornless.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] [5] East African impalas grow distinctly larger horns than their species mates living in southern Africa.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[5] Neck and limbs are slender [3] and tail bushy.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[5] The hooves are unribbed.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[4] The olfactory glands of the impala are located above the hind legs, at the same point where there is a dark tassel.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Adult males have olfactory glands on the forehead as well.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Females have four mammals.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[5] The hair of the impala is smooth and shiny.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The coloration is dark yellowish-brown or reddish on the dorsal side, paler on the legs and thighs.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[4] The flanks are slightly paler than the back.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The white belly bordered sharply on the flanks.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] In addition to the abdomen, the throat, the inner parts of the ears, eye circumference and lips are white, [6] as are the inner surfaces of the tail.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The tips of the ears are black.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

On the tail, as well as on both thighs runs a black streak.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[5] The Impala has distinctly distinctive black spots on the ankles and cups of the hind legs and in front of the hips of the hind legs.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Females and males are similar in appearance except for horns.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[7] Even young impalas have colouring characteristic of adults.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[5] Of the subspecies, the blackface is slightly smaller than the other impalas and also has a black patch and its tail is longer than usual and very bushy.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[8] Distribution Impala has a wide range inherent in eastern and southern Africa, extending from central and eastern Kenya and north-eastern parts of Uganda to northern parts of KwaZulu-Natal and from there westwards as far as Namibia and the southern parts of Angola.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[9] In northeastern Angola and Kaokoland in northwestern Namibia, the distribution is clearly distinct from other impalas.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[9] [7] Impalas have been planted in numerous private game farms and small protected areas throughout southern Africa.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

They have also been moved to two protected areas in Gabon, although the impala is not part of Gabon's natural mammalian species.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[9] The distribution of the species has remained largely unchanged during the historical period, but the species has disappeared from some areas due to the spread of hunting and settlement.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

From Burundi, the impala has disappeared completely.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The Impala is not endangered and faces no significant threats as a species.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[9] As an adaptable species, the impala is more resistant to environmental changes caused by overgrazing and culling.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[7] The total number of the species is estimated to be nearly two million individuals, about a quarter of which live in protected areas.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Stocks are believed to be stable as a whole, especially in protected areas where their numbers may even be increasing.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[9] However, the blackface is classified as compromised.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[10] The major threat factors taxing blackface bear are poaching, cattle husbandry and severe drought.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Potential interbreeding with common impalas living on game farms in nearby areas also poses a threat to it.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Between 1968 and 1971 180 blackface fish were moved to Etosha National Park, where their numbers have steadily increased to 1500 individuals.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Only less than 500 representatives of this subspecies live today.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

They have also been exported to private farms in northern Namibia.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[11] Habitat Impala is a species of tree and shrub vannah that avoids open areas and forests.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[7] Normally it is found in areas where low trees grow, tall shrubs and little undergrowth.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] However, it prefers to graze on the edges of wood and bush rims.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Impalas are happy not to leave far from the proximity of drinking places.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[8] They prefer acacia savannae in nutrient-rich soil, which provide good quality grass and good quality shoots for the dry season.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[9] In the rainy season, impalas may also move on grass soils where fragmented shrubs grow.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[11] Migratory impalas can be met in the middle of the open plain.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[12] Lifestyle Impalas are mostly daytime active, [5] but they also move somewhat at night.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

For the hottest hours of the day, they stand or rest on the ground in some sheltered place.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[13] They are the most socially active shortly after the dash and before sunset, when the herds also move the most.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] As the impalas become active, they walk verbally.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

They whizz at the same time their tails, jerk their ears and trample their legs because they are irritated by stinging flies.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[13] They spend their nights resting on the ground and ruminating on their food.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] In dry times, most of the impalas roam somewhat in search of new grasslands.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

However, there are certain areas where there is no need for such wandering.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] For example, in the Serengeti, an impala individual can live its entire life in an area of ten square kilometers.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[12] The social structure of impala groups varies at different times of the year.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

A clan of females and vasas normally contains between 15 and 120 individuals, which is influenced by the extent of the living space.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] [7] The territory of females comprises 80 to 180 square kilometres.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

In the rainy season, the turf is fiercely defended, but in the dry season the boundaries overlap both within the same clan and between different clans.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Eastern African impalas are decidedly more territorial in the dry season than the species mates in southern Africa, where there is more admixture at this time.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] During the dry season, herds of impala may swell up to several hundred individuals.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[8] In the rainy season, the structure of the herds changes again.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

In this case, three types of different main groups are encountered.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

One group are turf defending males that do not have females.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The other is formed by the bachelor herds of dogs, which do not defend territory and also include young dogs.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The turf is established by only about a third of dogs.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The third group are the breeding herds formed by females and their chicks, in which males less than four years old also move.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

During the dry season, males join groups of males or alternatively live in mixed groups with females.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] At the onset of the estrus, the female herds fragment into smaller parts.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Males struggling for reproductive rights re-establish the turf, and the turf less team up together in small groups that can occasionally join the herd of females.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Just before the estrus, however, only a few males can join the female group.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[14] Only about a third of males establish territory covering an area of 20 to 90 hectares.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Males mark the territory with urine and feces and defend it from intruders.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[15] After acquiring the turf, the impales visit water wells located in no man's land.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Males are quite aggressive during the estrus period, but especially aggressive they are turf when establishing.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

That's when fights and chases are common.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[16] Impalas are mostly silent, but the males' turf vocalization consists of a rather far-bearing hoarse rhythmic mopping and rumbling.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[17] [7] Females walk through the males' turf, the male tries to keep control of them and eventually fertilize the females in estrus.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[15] [14] The male notices the female's estrus in its urine.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

After this, it begins to advertise itself to the female by jolting, snuggling, or shallow stretching.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The male then begins to chase the female, and before mating it might still nod and wiggle its tongue.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] After the estrus subsides, males stop defending the turf and may join the group of other males.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Groups of females and juveniles are more persistent than dog herds.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[14] Perhaps the most attention-grabbing feature of the Impala is its escape response.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

When the impalas are disturbed, the whole herd begins to leap.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Impalas leap forward, straight, up and sides, with leaps of 5 to 10 metres long and up to three metres high.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The behaviour is believed to baffle predators, and leaping impalas with their sharply bounded colours often seem to confuse the attacker.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[16] [8] Another peculiar feature of jumps is that when the jumping impala lowers its feet to the ground, it kicks its hind legs into the air.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Different from many other herbivores of the Plains, impalas escape to a mass of dense vegetation rather than into the open savanna.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[15] The main predator of impalas is apparently the leopard, [16] [14] but they are also preyed upon by cheetahs, lions, spotted hyenas, hyena dogs, crocodiles and pythons.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[15] Vasas are also threatened by large birds of prey such as the gazelle eagle [17] as well as small felines, jackals and baboons.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[18] In order to repel ticks and other outdoors, the impalas socked their fur by licking it from the bottom up.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

In addition, they comb their entire fur, using the front teeth of the lower jaw as an auxiliary.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The teeth used for sucking are thin and needle-like, which helps in the extraction of parasites.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Like other antelopes, the impala often scrapes from its front bodies with hooves on their hind legs to extract outdoor parasites.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[13] Reproduction At the Equator, impalas give birth throughout the year, but most of them are born in March and November.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[4] In Zimbabwe, the first vasas are born in early December.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Their quantitative peak occurs between mid-December and early January.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Two-year-old females are first-births, and their vases are born slightly later than the offspring of older females.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] The female carries a period of 194—200 days.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[17] Before giving birth, the female differs from the herd, and childbirth usually takes place at noon.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] The mother usually gets one, rarely two calves.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[8] The calf weighs an average of 5.55 kilograms at birth.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The female returns with her calf to the herd after 1—2 days.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

In the herd, they are taken to a “nursery” where calves can move, play and sock together.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] Calves grow rapidly, as the male ledge begins to splash out at the age of a couple of months.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The mother weans the calf before the next estrus, [3] i.e. breastfeeding lasts 4—7 months.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[6] During estrus, calves may form their own distinct groups.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] Young males are evicted from the herd at around the age of six months.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

After this, they still move around the herd until they join their own bachelor groups.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

In the period between expulsion and joining the bachelor pack, they are most at risk of falling prey to beasts.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[18] Females become sexually mature at 1.5 years of age, males only at four years of age, when their horns have also grown to full size.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

However, older males prevent them from reproducing immediately at the time of reaching sexual maturity.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[17] Juvenile males are only able to hold territory when they are five or six years old.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[18] For females, the situation is different, since at least 75% of Zimbabwe's two-year-old Impala females become pregnant.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

At least 97 per cent of older females become bearer during estrus.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] [14] Nutrition Impalas eat almost only grasses in the rainy season, but during the dry period their share falls to about one-third, as the main food at this time is the leaves of trees and shrubs.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[17] Nutrition also includes various flowers and fruits.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[15] Classification and evolution The Impala forms its own subfamily of Aepycerotinae within the hollow horns tribe.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The subfamily's distribution has always been limited to Africa, and its line of development became distinct from other hollow horns as early as the Miocene period.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The oldest fossils found date back 6.5 million years, and the impala hasn't changed much since those times.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Some researchers even classify the Miocene period impala into the same “A. melampus” species with the current impalas.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Since my impala separated from other hollowhorns so early, it is very difficult to associate it with other current subtribes.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

It looks outwardly like a typical antelope and much resembles many other hollowhorns.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

However, it has numerous properties that other hollow horns do not possess.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Some biologists have argued about classifying it as their own group.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[20] Previously, some researchers considered it a close relative of gazelles, while some believed that reed antelopes were closer to it.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Alan Gentry has suggested, based on careful measurements and studies of teeth, skull and horn dots he has made, that gnuus and cow antelopes would be the closest relatives of the impala.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[3] Today the closest groups can be considered subfamilies of horse antelopes, cow antelopes, and goats, but not all researchers accept this notion.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[20] The word impala comes from the Zulu language word im-pala and means “gazelle”.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[21] The origin of the name may also be the Tswana language word phala.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[22] The name has been used in the English language since at least 1875.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[21] On the other hand, the scientific name of the species derives from the Greek language.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The genus name comes from the words aipos (“high”) and keras (“horn”), referring to the male's long, lyrical horns.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The species name is derived from the Greek words melas (“black”) and pous (“foot”), referring to the black hair tufts on the hind legs of the impala.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[15] Martin Lichtenstein described the species in 1812 from Khosis of the Kuruman region, Kapma, present-day South Africa.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[10] The number of subspecies varies from source to source.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

According to the Mammal Species of the World database, the impala has six subspecies, [10] but according to the IUCN, only two subspecies are normally distinguished: the name subspecies A. m. melampus, which lives in the eastern and southern parts of Africa, and A. m, the living blackface species in southwestern Angola and northwestern Namibia.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Petersi.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[9] The impalas of eastern southern Africa are paler and smaller than those of East Africa.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The name species A. m. melampus lives in southeastern Angola, Namibia, Botswana, southwestern Zambia and south of the Zambesi River.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[23] The blackface mosquito is also sometimes classified as its own species.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[8] Subspecies A. m. johnstoni lives in northern Mozambique, Malawi, eastern Zambia [24] and the southernmost parts of Tanzania.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[23] Subspecies A. m. katangaein lives only in southeastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and A. m. rendilis in Kenya and Uganda, and A. m. suara in Tanzania and Rwanda.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[24] In impala livelihoods, Impala is hunted hard.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[4] The impala is a few antelope whose flesh is tender.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[25] Not only meat but also skins [9] and trophies are obtained from impalas.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

They are also commonly used as bait for leopards.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

The impala is often the first target of foreign hunters.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[26] The species is also a common sight on tourist safaris.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

[1] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Estes, Richard| title= The safari companion: a guide to watching African mammals, including hoofed mammals, carnivores and primates| publisher = Chelsea Green Publishing Company| year = 1999| id = ISBN: 0-9583223-3| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Book in Google Book Search] | accessdate = 14.1.2012}} Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kangasniemi, Kaija (ed.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

) | title = Big Animal Book part 2 Hai—Jo| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1980| isbn = 951-35-1705-5| pages = 335-337}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lahti, S., Lahti, T. & Raasmaja, A.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

(ed.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

) | title = Zoo Great Animal Book 2: Mammals| publisher = WSOY| year = 1978| isbn = 951-0-08247-3}} Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = martti| author = La, Olli| title = Great Savannah | publisher = Auris| year = 2003| isbn = 952-99154-0-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marttila, Olli & Virtanen, Pekka| title = Kilimanjaro to Serengeti| chapter = Varieties: Mammals and Birds| publisher = Oak | year = 2002| isbn = 951-264261-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nowak, Ronald M.| title= Walker's mammals of the world| publisher = The Johns University Press| year = 1999| isbn = 0-8018-5789-9| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Book in Google Book Search] | accessdate = 14.1.2012| page = 1194 & 1196}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Palmén, Ernst & Nurminen, Matti (ed.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

) | title = Animal World, Otava's Big Animal Encyclopedia.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Leimato—Leopards| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1974| isbn = 951-1-01422-6| pages = 458-460}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Palmén, Ernst & Nurminen, Matti (ed.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Bat-Butterflies| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1974| isbn = 951-1-01530-3| page = 1298}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skinner, John D.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

& Chimimba, Christian T.| title= The mammals of the southern African subregion| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2005| isbn = 978-05218-5| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When has the first impala been discovered?

Impala

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Book in Google Book Search]}} References Category:hollowhorns


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Tennis is a racket game played by two players (singles) or two two-person teams (doubles) in which players (or teams) separated by a net strike a hollow felt-covered ball from side to side of the net using a racket.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The current game of tennis was developed in England in the mid-19th century.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[1] The species first spread in English-speaking countries, especially among the upper class.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Today, tennis is an Olympic sport estimated to have around 50 million enthusiasts worldwide.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Tennis is also a popular bench sport: professional level Grand Slam tournaments in particular garner high ratings.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There are four of these tournaments around the world and each year they gather the best tennis players.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Doubles and doubles are played in the same tournaments, so a player can choose to participate in singles and doubles of the same tournament.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Tennis also involves a number of rules that have changed over the years.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Known as the best tennis players through the ages on the men's side include Roger Federer, Pete Sampras, Andre Agassi, John McEnroe, Rod Laver, Ivan Lendl, Jimmy Connors, Bjorn Borg, Rafael Nadal and Novak Đoković and on the women's side including Chris Evert, Martina Navrátilová, Margaret Smith Court, Serena Williams and Steffi Graf.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Tennis Court Tennis is played on a 23.77 metres (78 ft) long and singles 8.23 metres (27 ft) wide court.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

When playing a four-player game, it has a width of 10.97 metres (36 feet).


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The longer side of the field is divided into two equal parts by a net that is 1.07 meters (three feet and six inches) high at the net posts and 91.4 centimeters (three feet) high at the center.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There are three basic types of tennis courts: a hard-bottomed court, a grass court, and a mass court.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Hard-based fields include concrete-based, asphalt-based, artificial turf based, and wood-based fields for exercise halls.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The grass field is grassland, and the base material of the mass field consists of crushed shale, stone, or brick.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The mass field is a slow platform on which excellent competence in all aspects of tennis is required to succeed.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In a grass field, the bounce of the ball is extremely low, making down-threaded strokes difficult to recover.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Hard bases are faster, giving a higher bounce of the ball and greater importance of the pass.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The grass field is the fastest platform where the pitch is the main subdivision and the pitch to the net directly from the pass is more common than in other field types.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

By mass, the ball rallies are significantly longer than on other platforms.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Of the Grand Slam tournaments, the French Open will be played on mass, Wimbledon on turf and the US Open, as well as the Australian Open on hard platforms.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Other tournaments are also played almost invariably on one of these courts, such as the Rome Tennis Tournament on Mass and the Cincinnati Tennis Tournament on hard ground.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There are also some tournaments played on the carpet.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[2] Racket and Ball A tennis ball is a felt-covered rubber ball with a diameter of about 7 centimeters and a mass of about 60 grams.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The ball was originally white, but as it did not stand out very well on the black and white TV, the colour was changed to yellow.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The tennis racket has an oval-shaped mesh section with cross-running tendons.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The tension of the horizontal and vertical tendons is a significant issue in terms of stroking.