Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

Problems with the law Since Dean and Sam don't get paid for their work, the brothers make a living and pay for their instruments through credit card fraud, gambling profits, as well as cheating.


Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

In addition, investigations into supernatural cases often put them on the wrong side of the law when they desecrate graves, impersonating authorities and breaking into apartments and crime scenes.


Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

As the Shapeshifter frames Dean for murder and bank robbery, Dean becomes wanted and the brothers are harmed by several forces of the law, most of all FBI Agent Victor Henricksen.


Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

Because of the warrants, the brothers use pseudonyms, often based on musicians, movies, or both.


Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

Midway through season three, Sam and Dean are presumed dead in Colorado after the county jail explodes and the search for the FBI brothers is called off.


Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

In season seven, Dean and Sam are framed guilty of multiple robberies and murders.


Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

Sources On topic elsewhere Please use a more specific IMDb template.


Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

See the documentation for available templates.


Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

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Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

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Question: How many production seasons will the Supernatural series have?

Supernatural

Category:Horror series Category:American television series Category:2000-decade television series Category:2010s television series Category:Key articles of screening Category:Television shows by The WB Category:Television programs on The CW


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Ikaalinen () is a Finnish town located in the province of Pirkanmaa.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The municipality is inhabited by people, [1] and covers an area of km2, of which km2 are bodies of water.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[2] Population density is Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character “[”.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Neighboring municipalities of Ikaalinen are Hämeenkyrö, Jämijärvi, Kankaanpää, Parkano, Sastamala and Ylöjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The coat of arms of the former rural municipality is in use in Ikaalis.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

It was designed by Pentti Papunen and confirmed in 1956.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Also, the coat of arms established in 1961 of the merchant sector was in Papuse's handwriting.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[3] Ikaalinen is known for the Ikaalinen Spa, the international annual Sata-Häme Soi festival and the once successful Ikaalinen Tarmo baseball team.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Ikaalinen has been and still is a place of education, commerce and administration.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The parish of Ikaalinen belongs to the Diocese of Tampere and the Rovasty of Hämeenkyrö.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Geography Ikaalinen's central town, or former church village and merchant farm, the current district of Vanhakauppa is located on a promontory on the shores of Lake Kyrösjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The territory of the municipality extends in an east-west direction on both sides around the northern end of the lake.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Kyrösjärvi as well as the whole area of the municipality is part of the Kokemäenjoki watershed.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The main part of Ikaalis belongs to the Kyrösjärvi water area, but some lakes in the eastern part of the municipality fall into Näsijärvi.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Ikaalinen is located in the middle of the old Upper Satakunta and was part of the Satakunta Province and Turku and Pori County for centuries, until the 1990s.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

In this case, due to the growing influence of Tampere, the municipalities of Upper Satakunta became part of Pirkanmaa Province and Häme County.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Traffic in the region is mainly directed towards Tampere, and the Upper Satakunese sub-dialect of Hämäläis dialects is spoken in the region.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Among the neighbouring municipalities of Ikaalinen, towns include Parkano north and Kankaanpää, which were part of the former Suur-Ikaalinen.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Other large neighbouring municipalities are southern Hämeenkyrö and eastern Ylöjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Tampere is 50 kilometres away from Ikaalis.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Statistics Finland's population forecast (new 9/2012): [4] 2020:7173 as.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

2030:7192 as.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

2040:7189 as.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The northern part of Ikaalinen extends from the side of Ylöjärvi (formerly Kuru), the Sevens National Park.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The highest terrain point in the city area, almost 200 m above sea level, is located in the north-eastern part of the village of Juhtimäki.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The southern part of Ikaalinen is dominated by the Hämeenkankka ridge section, whose highest point is Vatulanharju, reaching 188 m above sea level.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The ridge section continues west to Kankaanpää and east to Hämeenkyrö side.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

District NameDistrict NumberHakala [5] 5Hakumäki [6] 6Kiviniemi [7] 4Kurinranta [8] 2Spa [9] 10Läykkälä [6] 7Läykkälänlahti [10] 8Rahkola [11] 3Sarkkilanjärvi [12] 9Teikangas [13] 13Vanhakauppa [14] 1 Villages Haapimaa, Heinistö, Heittola, Helle, Höytölä, Iso-Röyhiö, Juuhokuonmaa, Juhtimäki, Jyllinmaa, Kallionkylä, Kalmaankylä, Karhoinen, Karttu, Kiiala, Kilvakkala, Kolkko Kovelahti, Kurkela, Leppäsjärvi, Leutola, Luhalahti, Läykkälä, Mansoniemi, Miettinen, Myllykarttu, Niemi, Pukara, Riitiala, Sammi, Sarkkila, Otter, Inner, Chicory, Sipsiö, Tevaniemi, Vahojärvi, Varessalmi, Vatsiainen, Vatula, Vehuvarpe, Viljala, Vähäröyhiö and Vähärykylä.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the town every five years since 1980.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

On 1 January 2017, the regional division used is in accordance with the situation.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Conurbations At the end of 2017, Ikaalis had 7,119 inhabitants, of whom 4,203 lived in built-up areas, 2,814 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of the residence of 102 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; the agglomeration rate of Ikaalinen is 59.9%.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[15] The agglomeration population of Ikaalinen is divided between two different agglomerations: [16] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Ikaalis has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [17] Ikaalinen Congregation of the Finnish Orthodox Church parishes in Ikaalinen Region is the Tampere Orthodox Congregation.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[18] History There have been artifact discoveries from various parts of the town of Ikaalinen which prove that the area was inhabited as early as the Stone Age.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The permanent settlement has come to Ikaalinen, judging from the south, from the direction of Karku and Hämeenkyrö, the core area of the ancient Sastamala keeper.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

According to tradition, Ikaalis and Parkano were visited in ancient times at the end of the penincorners in Karku Church.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The water body of Kyrösjärvi and Hämeenkangas were much used routes possibly as early as another thousand years ago.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Along the latter, the historic Kyrönkangas antie ran from Häme to Ostrobothnia.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The tradition of navigating the waters was maintained by church boats until the early decades of the 20th century, and one Ikaalisian church boat has been donated to the Seurasaari outdoor museum in Helsinki.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[19] Ikaalinen became independent from Hämeenkyrö in 1641 as his own vicar general, Ikaalinen Kyro.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Prior to this, Ikaalinen had been a chapel in Hämeenkyrö for over a hundred years.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The Ikaalinen keeper thus formed also included the present Jämijärvi, Kankaanpää, Karvia, Kihniö, Parkano and Honkajoki.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[20] The first church of Ikaalinen was probably built in the Middle Ages.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

In its place, a second church in the area of the present northern cemetery was completed in the 1640s and is known to have been a long church with an edged shell section.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

There were two vestibules on the south side of the church and the saccharisto on the north side


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The present church was built in 1799—1801.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[19] In the great hunger years of 1696—1697, more than 1,000 of the then keeper's inhabitants were reported to have died in Ikaalis, and the devastating consequences of the famine were compounded by the big-hatred that erupted a short time later.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

During the winter of 1714, both Swedish and Russian troops passed through Ikaalinen on their way to Ostrobothnia.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Thirty years later, troops moved around the Ikaalinen region.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The largest stash of money in Finland, found in a field in the village of Vatsiainen in 1966, dates from these times.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The discovery included 127 pieces of Swedish “brass breeds” from 1711 to 1740, in total weight over 211kg.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[19] In the late 1850s, Finland's economic development needed new shopping centres.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Thus, in 1858, one large estate was separated from the municipality of Ikaalinen to become the merchant of Ikaalinen.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The charter of incorporation was signed on April 21, 1858. The merchant farm established at that time encompassed only the area now called Wanha Merchant Farm and is today the Vanhakaukala district.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

In its early stages, it had only a few dozen inhabitants, mainly well-to-do civil servants and other Swedish-speaking weathermen.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[19] Ikaalinen was the oldest trade sector in Finland, but it was also the smallest.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

There was no need for an economic centre in the area, and Tampere, a nearby large city, took people.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Ikaalinen did not develop almost at all; in the 1920s, the population of the municipality of Ikaalinen was about 12,500, but barely 250 in the merchant sector.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The position of the Ikaalinen merchant sector was also hampered by the fact that it differed from other trade sectors in that it was an unindependent trade sector.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The merchant sector had only limited right of self-government.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[21] The rural municipality of Ikaalinen also taxed the inhabitants of the merchant sector, who were accordingly entitled to vote in municipal elections in both the merchant and rural municipality.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Kauppala's own tax revenues were very low, so the rural municipality granted annual grants e.g.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

for municipal engineering works.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

At the end of the 1960s, Ikaalinen was the only Finnish-speaking trade sector in whose council the bourgeois parties had a 3/4 majority.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The parish of Ikaalinen encompassed both a merchant and a rural municipality.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[19] Yet there was also economic life in the area.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The first bath facility in the locality was established as early as 1884, and it received a grammar school in 1902 as the first rural house in the whole of Finland.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The school was still Finnish-speaking.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

However, it was not until the early 1930s that the Ikaalinen coeducational school became the leading educational institution to the university


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[19] Transport links also improved, so as the number of walkers increased, even more diverged to Ikaalinen Kirkonkylä on the shore of Kyrösjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Even today, the bustling Tampere—Vaasa section of the triplets passes just past the city.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The railway road was also sought, both in the late 19th century and in the 1950s there were hopes of making the Ostrobothnia line run along the western shore of Lake Kyrösjärvi like a road, but this did not happen.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The Tampere—Seinäjoki section of the new Ostrobothnia line cuts across the sparsely populated eastern part of Ikaalinen, away from the centre, and its only transport point in Ikaalinen district, Innäö railway station serves exclusively as a train meeting point.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

In terms of transport links, the northern neighbouring town of Parkano has drawn a clearly longer corre.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The Haapamäki—Pori line, completed in 1938, tangenates the northwestern border of Ikaalinen, but its importance was of very limited importance to Ikaalinen from the beginning.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

On this part of the line, which was decommissioned many years ago, only occasional military trains run between Parkano and Niinisalo.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Long-running steamboat traffic on Lake Kyrösjärvi ceased in the late 1940s.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[19] During the Civil War, the Ikaalinen merchant sector became one of the main bases of the Whites on the Satakunta front, and fierce fighting took place in the region during February—March.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The Reds coming from the direction of Kyröskoski attempted to take over the merchant house and the church village.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

On 10 March 1918, Kauppala was already facing blockades until the Whites led by Colonel Ernst Linder, supported by Ostrobothian reinforcements who had arrived in Ikaalis, were pushed back to the Hämeenkyrö side and from there towards Tamperetta.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[19] After World War II, the Ikaalinen mercantile industry became increasingly an unnecessary specialty.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

After 1960, when the state began granting urban rights to municipalities and merchant sectors, the double municipal union began to be refined.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

In 1972, the whole municipality of Ikaalinen was transformed into an independent merchant, which received the coat of arms of the old Ikaalinen rural municipality as its coat of arms.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The population of the old non-autonomous merchant sector before unification was still less than 800.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

This final phase lasted only five years when, by decision of the state power, all merchant industries became cities from the beginning of 1977.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Over the last 30 years, Ikaalinen has gradually become industrialised and its business structure has become service-intensive.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Ikaalinen was inhabited after the last wars by settlers from Kaukola and Pyhäjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[22] The current Chairman of the City Board of Ikaalinen is Ilmo Kalli and the President of the City Council is Reijo Leppänen.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The Mayor is Kari Tolonen.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

In the autumn of 2007, Ikaalinen and Parkano held negotiations on the Association of Municipalities, but the negotiations failed to reach sufficient consensus to implement the project.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Disagreements that remained unresolved concerned, among other things, the name of the future city, as well as the location of the governing bodies.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

In 2009, Jämijärvi invited the keepers of the former Suur-Ikaalinen to a possible joint settlement.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

However, Ikaalinen opted out in the early stages.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Parkano, Jämijärvi and Kankaanpää are still investigating and decided 2012 and the new municipality did not come.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Now in 2013, Ikaalinen is reinterested in Jämijärvi after the new council came to power.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

For Ikaalis, local government cooperation along the 3-way axis is important, of which Hämeenkyrö is the main partner candidate.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Education Ikaalinen Unit of Tampere University of Applied Sciences, which trains tradenomers in tourism, business and computing.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Education in youth level ended in spring 2014, but adult education leading to the qualification continues, and so does the development unit's activities.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The Ikaalinen Business School, which provides basic vocational training, is also located in the same premises, where you can study business administration (merkonomi) and computing (datanomi).


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

The Ikaalinen School of Arts and Crafts organizes training in object design and manufacturing (e.g. special metalwork, instrument building), textile and clothing design and manufacturing, graphic design and environmental design and construction.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

There's also the only gunsmith line in the country.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Lasiala training in Kihniö has previously been transferred to Ikaalinen in autumn 2014.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

There is also adult education in Ikaalis, with the most well-known educational programme being artist training, combining artistic and commercial training.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Not long ago this program turned 10 years and over the years tango princesses and other artists have graduated from there.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Ikaalinen Coed Secondary School is also active in Ikaalinen.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

According to Yle's high school comparison, the first secondary school in Pirkanmaa is found in Ikaalis, where as many as 51.2 per cent of students continue their studies at higher education level immediately after receiving the matriculation law.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Tourism Ikaalis hosts the annual Sata-Häme Soi event, which includes the Golden and Hopeinen Accordion competitions and the international competition for variety show accordion called Primus Ikaalinen Ikaalinen Spa is used by the Musical Instruments Museum Akordia (which presents especially accordions) and Spa resort village Mansocamping camp center, in Mansoniemi.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

About 15km from Ikaalis Highway 3 to Vaasa Three-star Toivolsaari Camping Centre, near the center of Ikaalinen in Toivolsaari Experience activities: Luomahaara nature and kayaking trips and Sata-Häme Tours Photos Rahkola House Main Building My main house Ikaalinen City Hall Water Tower is a landmark of Ikaalinen City Centre Erected in 2011 as Ikaalinen's landmark for people driving on Highway 3 Eränen Market House Jäätie over Kyrösjärvi Ikaalinen Coed School Ikaalinen Spa Exercise Facilities Tevaniemi fitness trail/track and ice hockey court Vatula Ski Resort, Vatula lit fitness trail/-latu Mansoniemi fitness trail/latu Poltinkoski golf course Läykkälänlahti sports ground Ikaalinen pesäpallo court Toivolansaari Pururata Ikaalinen Tennis Court Ikaalinen Sports Hall Sports clubs Ikaalinen Athletes (iKu; athletics, cross-country skiing, ice hockey, football, basketball, floorball, grappling) Mansoniemi Meno (skiing) Ikaalinen Ascenva-Voima (Nouki; orienteering) Ikaalinen Workers' Athletes Ikaalinen Tarmo Ikaalinen Equestrian Society IRAS Lahdenpohja's Vesa Luhalahti's Luja Ikaalis are based media outlets and Radio SUN local radio.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

Industry J.W.Suominen Group Oyj Upofloor Oy Katsa Oy Katsa Oy Ikaalis known persons Sulo Aittoniemi, Member of Parliament (SMP, Centre) Pentti Alhonen, environmental geologist, micropaleontologist and limnologist Outi Borgenström, orienteer Heikki Eränen, Finnish Counsellor Felix Frang, painter Oskar Gripenberg, General of Infantry Edvard Gylling, politician (SDP, SKP), statistician Lauri Hietanen, SOK Director-General, Minister, Mountain Counselor Jari Huhtasalo, singer, deacon Riku Huhtasalo, Pällikkös conductor, music major Päivi Ikola, baseball player S. Albert Kivinen, philosopher Tapani Klöf, Major General Vilho Korhonen, national school teacher, MP Jarmo Kujanpää, footballer Kalervo Kurkiala, Chaplain (1931-38) Lauri Leppihalme, MP (Agrarian League) Pirjo Markkola, Professor Valtteri Mikonmäki, MP (Agrarian League), Vicar Nils Osara, Professor, Director General of Metsähallitus Leo Pahlama, artist Pentti Papunen, non-fiction writer Eila Pienimäki, singer Matti Pitkänen, Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing Krista Pärmäkoski, cross-country skier Esko Raipia, actor Teemu Rajamäki, former bassist of Uniklub Yrjö Roos, Finnish Navy commander Lampi Rothovius, Finland's oldest person Eino Salmelainen, theatre director and theatre manager Samuli Samuelsson, sprinter Eero Selin, violin artist, conductor Yrjö Selin, cello artist, professor Timo Sinervo, discus thrower Bertel Strömmer, architect Goony Strömmer, jazz pianist, architect Jussi Tasala, high jumper Food culture Ikaalinen was named keeper dishes in the 1980s grated herring and peripheral cheese.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

[23] Twinned with Ljusdal Municipality (Sweden) Tynset (Norway) Landkreis Stade (Germany) Palamuse (Estonia) Gagra (Georgia) See also List of public works and monuments of Ikaalinen Sources on the topic elsewhere.


Question: What is the population of Ikaalinen?

Ikaalinen

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The Bristol Jupiter is a 9-cylinder star engine introduced by the Bristol aircraft factory at the Paris Aviation Exhibition in 1921 and was among the first non-rotary star engines.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Bristol Jupiter was a trendsetter in the development of air-cooled star engines and at the same time one of the most important aircraft engines during the inter-world wars period.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Development at the Roots Brazil Straker machine shop Roy Fedden, the chief engineer of the Brazil Straker machine shop in Fishpond, Bristol, developed together with L.F.G.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

With Butler during World War I, two star engines.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Another of the engines was the Jupiter, which was completed in early 1918 [1].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Development in the Cosmos Industrial Group In 1918, a large industrial group called Cosmos acquired Brazil Straker for itself and gave the machine shop the name Cosmos Engineering.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The engine was considered very promising and its development continued, although another manufacturer of the same type of construct - the ABC Dragonfly - had been selected and standardised by the British Air Ministry in 1918 on almost all aircraft designed for production in 1918.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The Jupiter prototype, weighing 300kg, gave 395 horsepower in a trial on 29 October 1918.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

There was time to develop both a 3-cylinder version and a two-row 18-cylinder version of Jupiter before the Cosmos Group ran into financial difficulties in January 1920 [2].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Square Pass at Bristol after the Cosmos Group fell and the ABC Dragonfly engine proved unfit, the British Aviation Ministry had been forced to ensure continued development of the Jupiter engine and pressured the Bristol aircraft factory to buy the Cosmos rubble its aero-engine functions [3].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Partly this was influenced by the fact that the Air Ministry considered air-cooled engines to be advanced and wanted their development to continue.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

For a purchase price of £15,000, Bristol received five Jupiter engines as well as a huge number of engine parts, drawings, calculations and tools.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The deal was accompanied by the transfer to Bristol as well as Roy Fedden and his 31-strong team.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

They formed the engine division of the Aircraft Factory which in 1956 became the Bristol Engine Company [4].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Roy Fedden undertook to complete the engine in two years and the Bristol aircraft factory invested £200,000 in the development.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

However, Roy Fedden was seen by the management of the aircraft factory as an employee rather than a manager, from which a wide range of communication problems between the engine department and the aircraft factory management ensued.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The management of the aircraft factory was just about to stop developing Jupiter in September 1921, after £197,000 had been spent and the prototype of the Jupiter II engine passed the type tests required by the Ministry of Aviation, developing 400 horsepower at 1625/min.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Fedden obtained permission to take the engine to the Paris Aviation Exhibition, which took place in October 1921.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

There the engine attracted great interest as the first new powerful aircraft engine of the post-World War I era [5].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Into production in 1923, the British Air Ministry began the process of purchasing the Jupiter engine as early as December 1921 and in September 1923 a contract was awarded to supply 81 Jupiter engines to the Royal Air Force.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Even before that, a licence agreement had been concluded with the French Gnome-Rhône engine plant covering the whole of the countries of the world, except for the countries of the Commonwealth [6] [7].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In total, 17 foreign licensing agreements were concluded over the next ten years and the total engine manufacture was at least 7,100 engines, a large number in a peacetime living world at a time of dismantling still large wartime surplus stocks and wagering of armies equipment were minimal.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Further development Jupiter IV passed both British and French type tests in March 1923, developing 436 horsepower.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Subsequent versions (V and VI) underwent major structural changes.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The Jupiter VI produced 480 horsepower and weighed 350kg in tests in June 1925.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

A brace was fitted to the VII version and a Farman reduction gear on the VIII version, which allowed the engine to increase RPM to 2,200 rpm.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The IX version already developed 525 horsepower and the X version with reduced-gear and supercharger 530 horsepower at 4,877 meters [6].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In 1927 competed strictly with the Armstrong-Siddely factory Jaguar engine and, despite a few advanced features of the Jaguar, won and became selected among others.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Handley Page to the H.P.42 traffic machine [8].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter's last model was the XFBM, used in 1929 in the aforementioned H.P.42 traffic aircraft.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In it, the Bristol throttle start system allowed the engine to be started from the cockpit.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In 1926, Bristol developed a turbocharged version of the Jupiter VI and gave it the name Orion.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The engine developed 495 horsepower at 6,096 feet.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Further development was not initiated.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

By shortening the stroke length of the piston from 7.5 inches (190.5mm) to 6.5 inches (165.1mm), a distinctly smaller diameter (1.2m vs.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

1.35m) engine, which weighed only 310kg but gave 960 horsepower.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

This engine, named Mercury, was intended for Schneider speed races.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

This was developed into the 5-cylinder and 200-horsepower Titan and the 7-cylinder and 300-horsepower Neptune in 1929.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Of the latter, Gnome-Rhône then developed its “own” Titan 7 engine [9].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In 1932, Bristol returned in the development of the Mercury engine to Jupiter's cylinder size.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The engine received the name Mercury V, which, however, was changed to Pegasus.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Mercury became a continuator of Jupiter as a fighter jet engine and Pegasus as a bomber engine.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

License manufacturing in different countries Jupiter's first and most important license manufacturer was the French company Gnome-Rhône, which, thanks to its worldwide license, also produced the Jupiter engines apparently supplied to Finland.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Gnome-Rhône made numerous modifications to the engine, and did not use the same manufacturing methods as Bristol.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Although Bristol submitted plans for new versions to Gnome-Rhône, the engines produced by the factories did not quite match each other.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Gnome-Rhône developed a 7-cylinder Titan 7 from Jupiter in 1927, and refused to pay licence fees for these engines to Bristol, even though the engine was a copy of the Bristol Neptune up to its shortened (165mm) stroke length.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Based on Titan, Gnome-Rhône developed the 9-cylinder Mistral 9 and from that further the 14-cylinder Mistral Major 14 in 1928.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The versions in production of the Mistral Major 14K developed around 800-900 horsepower in 1932, much more than other similar engines at the same time.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In 1945, the Gnome-Rhône was merged into the SNECMA group, which continued to develop the 14K engine until 1953.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Gnome-Rhône also developed larger 14- and 18-cylinder versions of the Mistral Major as well as Mars 14 M in diameter only [10].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Siemens-Halske acquired Jupiter's license in 1927 and built engines until 1935.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In Siemens-Halsken Spandau machine shops formed the Brandenburgische Motorenwerke Gmbh, whose products became known as Bramo.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Bramo's first proprietary engine was the Sh 20, completed in 1930, which had been developed on the basis of Jupiter.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Its next version, the Bramo Sh 20B was put into production and based on it the Bramo 323 Fafnir was developed in 1936 and even the 2000-horsepower 14-cylinder Bramo 329 Twin Fafnir Its development was stopped in 1939, however, when Bramo was merged with BMW.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The 323 Fafnir remained in production until 1944 [11].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The Soviet Union also acquired Jupiter's manufacturing license and produced engines under the Shvetsov M-22 name in several different versions [12].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The Soviet Union also acquired a manufacturing license for the 14K Mistral Major from Gnome-Rhone and produced the engine under the name Tumanski M-85 as well as its follow-up designs M-86, M-87 and M-88 [13].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

About 800 pieces of Polikarpov I-5 fighters equipped with M-22 engines were built, I-15 fighters 404 pieces, and I-16 fighters around 400 pieces, indicating that thousands of Jupiter engines were built under license in the Soviet Union.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In 1924, a manufacturing license was also acquired for Japan, where the engine was built by Nakajima.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Based on Jupiter, the Nakajima Ha-1 Kotobuki engine was developed [14], which was used in mm.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Nakajima Ki-27 in Nate and Mitsubishi A5M Claude fighter aircraft, and here on to Nakajima Hikari.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Similar to the Soviet Union, Japan acquired the manufacturing license for the Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major and manufactured it under the Nakajima Ha-25/35/105/115 Sakae name, as well as developing the Nakajima Ha-45 Homare 18-cylinder engine from it.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In addition to the above, Jupiter was manufactured by e.g.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Italian Alfa Romeo (as 126-RC35), Polish PZL and Czechoslovakian Walter Engines [15].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The use of the Jupiter engine has been installed in very many different aircraft [16].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Cosmos Jupiter Bristol Badger Bristol Bullet Sopwith Schneider Westland Limousine Bristol Jupiter & Gnome-Rhône Jupiter Aero A.32 Airco DH.9 Arado Ar 64 Avia BH-25 Bernard 190 Bernard SIMB AB 12 Blanchard BB-1 Blériot-spad 51 Blériot-spad S.56 Boulton & Paul Bugle Boulton Paul P.32 Boulton Paul Partridge Boulton Paul Sidestrand Blackburn Beagle]] Blackburn Nile]] Blackburn Ripon Bristol Badger Bristol Badminton Bristol Bagshot Bristol Beaver Bristol Bloodhound Bristol Brandon Bristol Bulldog Bristol Bullfinch Bristol Jupiter Fighter Bristol Seely Bristol Type 72 Bristol Type 75 Bristol Type 76 Bristol Type 89 Bristol Type 92 Bristol Type 92 Bristol Type 118 De Havilland Dingo De Havilland DH.72 De Havilland DH.50 De Havilland Dormouse Hercules De Havilland Hound De Havilland Giant Moth De Havilland Survey]] Dornier Do 11 Dornier Do J Dornier Do X Fairey IIIF Fairey Ferret Fairey Flycatcher Fairey Hendon Fizir F1M-Jupiter Fokker C.V Fokker F.VIIA Fokker F.VIII Fokker F.IX Gloster Gambet Gloster Gamecock Gloster Gnatsnapper Gloster Goldfinch Gloster Goring Gloster Grebe Gloster Mars Gloster Survey Gourdou-Leseurre LGL.32 Handley Page Hinaidi|ley Handley Page Clive Handley Page Hampstead Handley Page Hare Handley Page Hinaidi Handley Page HP. 12 Handley Page H.P.42 Hawker Duiker Hawker Harrier Hawker Hawker Hawker Hawker Hedgehog Hawker Heron Hawker Woodcock IVL D.26 Falcon Junkers F 13 Junkers G 31 Junkers W 34 Latécoère 6 NVI F.K.31 Parnall Plover PZL P.7 Saunders Medina Saunders Severn Short S.8 Calcutta|Short Calcutta Short Springbok|Short Chamois Short Gurnard Short Kent Short Rangoon Short Scylla Short Springbok Short S.6 Sturgeon Short Valetta Supermarine Seagull]] Supermarine Solent Supermarine Southampton Svenska Aero/ ASJA Jaktfalken Tupolev I-4 Vickers Type 123 Vickers Type 161 Vickers Jockey Vickers Type 143 Vickers Type 150]] Vickers 131 Valiant Vickers Vellore Vickers Vellox Vickers Vespa Vickers Viastra Vickers Victoria Vickers Vildebeest Vickers Vimy Vickers Vimy Trainer Vickers Wibault Scout]] VL E.30 Eagle Westland Interceptor Westland Wapiti Westland Westbury Westland Witch Westland-Houston PV.3 Shvetsov M-22 Kalinin K-5 Polikarpov I-5 Polikarpov I-15 Polikarpov I-16 Tupolev I-4 Jupiter in Finland Acquisition As many as 334 Siemens-Halske Sh IIIa engines were procured from surplus stocks in Finland after World War I, reserved for e.g.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

for the production of domestic fighter aircraft [17].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The engine proved to be unreliable and after two prototypes built between 1924 and 1925 it was necessary to state in 1926 that no fighter aircraft could be built on this engine [18].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Kurt Berger, chief designer of the Aeronautical Force aircraft factory, and Rafael Hallamaa, who deputised to the director of the aircraft factory, took a field trip to Great Britain in the summer of 1924 to find better aircraft engines.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Probably Bristol Jupiter was found on this voyage [18].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

When Jupiter passed the 150-hour type test of the British Ministry of Aviation, the Finns became so convinced of the goodness of the Jupiter engine that on 7 May 1925 the Technical Advisory Board of the Aviation Force standardised Jupiter as its “war engine”, i.e., for use in first-line fighter aircraft, reconnaissance aircraft and in bombers [19].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Use in Finland As a result of standardization, Jupiter received the NVI F.K.31 aircraft, for which 23 Jupiter engines were acquired from Gnome-Rhône.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In March 1926, the NVI announced that it had flown test flights with the F.K.31 and eight planes ordered from Holland were received to Finland in the autumn of the same year.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Four specimens produced under licence were turned over to the Air Force between December 1929 and February 1930.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Even before licensing was started, it had been noticed that the machine was not fit for service use.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The planes were flown very little and were removed from the books on 9 February 1932 [20].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter was also selected as the engine for the D.26 Falcon I and D.27 Falcon II prototypes, as well as the reference engine for the acquired Gloster Gamecock I.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Three prototypes of the falcon were built and one was initially acquired for Gamecocks [21].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Gloster found numerous faults in the factory Jupiter engine supplied by Gnôme-Rhone.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

After Gamecock narrowly defeated the Falcon in a comparison held in the summer of 1927, a Gamecock II with a longer fuselage was ordered from Gloster as well as a manufacturing licence to build 15 machines.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The State Aircraft Factory received an order for 15 Gamecock aircraft finally in November 1928 and V.L.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The G.28 Gamecock machines were completed between December 1929 and May 1930.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The Gamecocks replaced the decayed Gourdou-Leseurre GL-21 and Martinsyde F.4 Buzzard fighters and served as Air Force first-line fighters during the period in which Finnish fighter tactics were developed.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The main problem with the machines was the Jupiter engine, which was unreliable.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Connecting rod breaks were common and the aluminium crankcase broke almost every time the machine was driven to its soot [22].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The Blackburn Ripon machine was chosen to be powered initially by Jupiter.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

However, the engine was only used in the model machine and the first serial aircraft, as the 480 horsepower Jupiter proved too low-powered for the task.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Ripon experimented with a wide range of engines until reaching the 580 horsepower Bristol Pegasus — the successor to Jupiter [23].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

As an alternative to the Blackburn Ripon aircraft, the State Aircraft Factory designed the plane, which was later developed into a supplement to the expensive proved and overdue Ripon fleet.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

V.L.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

E.30 Eagle and V.L.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

A total of six reconnaissance aircraft known as the E.31 Eagle II were produced.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The prototype and first serial machine became the 420 horsepower Jupiter, other machines experimented with other engines in the manner of Ripon [24].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In addition to the aforementioned machines, the Czechoslovakian Aero A-32GR joint action machines (16 pieces) acquired in 1929 and the Fokker C.V E-machine acquired in 1929, the Junkers W 34 and W 43 transport aircraft (7 pcs) acquired in 1930, donated by Sweden during the Winter War in 1939 Bristol Bulldog IIA fighter aircraft (2 pcs) and ASJA J6 Jaktfalken II fighter aircraft (3 pcs) and the Fokker F.VIIa transport aircraft donated by the Danish Red Cross in 1941 were equipped with a Jupiter engine [25].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Thus the Jupiter engine was fitted to 11 machine types and 54 machine individuals.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In 1930, 64 Jupiter engines were on the books of the Air Force, only two of which had run 100 hours without repair, although the repair period reported by the factory was as much as 150 hours.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The typical repair interval was only 20-40 hours.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Problems were caused by connecting rods breaking, fastening of the cam wheels, valve failures, various magneto and carburetor failures, materal failures, and poor factory work and, of course, wear and tear.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

There were significant differences in the Bristol and Gnome-Rhône engines, which had an impact on engine reliability.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

An example of this is a different oil assembler: the Gnome-Rhône engines lacked an intermediate basin for oil coming through the bearing surfaces, which was helpful in the splashing lubrication of the valve machinery [26].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In 1930, efforts were taken to investigate the reasons for the unreliability of the Jupiter engine and as a result of studies, all clearances of the engine were changed to the Bristol guidelines, carburetor adjustments were developed and engine maintenance and repair operations were developed.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

As a result of these measures, engine availability improved.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The main reason for the poor durability, safety of operation and quality of work of Jupiter engines was in the manufacturer that was Gnome-Rhône [26].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The Finns were not alone with the problem, as the same observation had been made e.g.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

in Poland [26].


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Problems with Jupiter engines arose from 1931 to 1932 when three committees investigated the operation of the aircraft plant.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Although the committee work resulted in the replacement of the management of the aircraft factory, what became even more permanent was the suspicion of the Air Force and the aircraft factory for Gnome-Rhône products.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

In 1933, the Air Force chose Bristol as its partner and so the Bristol Bulldog IV fighters ordered in 1934 became, despite protests from Gnome-Rhône, with Bristol-made Mercury VI S2 engines.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Tampella acquired a manufacturing license for Bristol Pegasus and Mercury engines, supported by the Air Force, in 1935.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Specifications Bristol Jupiter had a 9-cylinder star engine.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The engine had a cylinder diameter of 5.75 inches (146mm), a stroke length of 7.5 inches (190.5mm) and a cylinder capacity of 1,753 cubic inches (28.7 litres).


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Compression ratio 5.3:1.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Cylinder array of steel, equipped with aluminium cast cooling winding and aluminium lid.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Four plate valves for each cylinder.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Engine versions in a nutshell (Gnome-Rhône model ID in parentheses) [27]: Jupiter.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

First prototype.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Completed in 1918 and produced 385 horsepower at 2,000/min in a test held on 29 October 1918.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Weight 300kg.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter I.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Another prototype built at Cosmos, was completed in 1919.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Equipped with a reduction gear.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter II.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The engine had an automatic compensation mechanism which, as the engine thermally expanded, corrected clearances between valves and rocker levers.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The engine was completed in 1921 and produced 400 horsepower at 1625/min.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter IV (Jupiter 9Aa/9Ab/9Ac).


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Completed in 1923 and passed both British and French type tests in March 1923 producing 436 horsepower.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter 9Aa 380 horsepower, 9Ab and 9Ac 420 horsepower at 1,750/min.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The 9AC had a compression ratio of 6.57:1, when the engine had to be operated throttled up to 2,000 feet where that power of 420 horsepower was still achieved.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter V.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Split crankshaft and one-piece main connecting rod with floating lower end.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter VI (Jupiter 9Ag).


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Mould forged duralumin crankcase and triple carburetor.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Completed in June 1925, weighed 350kg and developed 480 horsepower at 2,000/min.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

The compression ratio was 6, 57:1 and, like the 9AC, the engine had to be operated throttled at lower elevations.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter VII.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Equipped with a turbocharger and produced 460 horsepower.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter VIII (Jupiter 9Ak).


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Equipped with a Farman reduction gear that allowed the RPM to be increased to 2200/min.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Forged and threaded cylinder heads in models with F marking.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter IX.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Produced 525 horsepower.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Jupiter X.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Equipped with supercharger and reduction gear.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Produced 530 horsepower at 4,877 feet.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Sources Reference Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bingham, Victor F.| title = Major Piston Aero Engines of World War II| location = Ramsbury| publisher = Airlife Publishing| year = 1998| id = ISBN 1-84037-012-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gunston, Bill| title= World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines| location = Wellingborough| publisher = Patrick Stephens Limited| year = 1986| id = ISBN 1-85059-717-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heinonen, Timo & Valtonen, Hannu| title = Albatross to Pilate| location = Saarijärvi| publisher = Central Finland Aviation Museo| year = 2010| id = ISBN 9789529998920}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lumsden, Alec| title = British Piston Engines and their Aircraft| location = Marlborough| publisher = Airlife Publish| year = 2003| id = ISBN 85310-294- 6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = History of the State Aircraft Factory.


Question: How many pieces of Blackburn Ripon were made?

Bristol Jupiter

Part 1: Pioneer years 1921-1932| location = Shell water| publisher = Jukka Ruunio| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-96866-6-5}} References Category:Aeroplane engines Category:Star engines


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Mika Toivi Waltari (19 September 1908, Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland — 26 August 1979 Helsinki, Finland) was a prominent Finnish writer.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Known as extraordinarily prolific, Waltari's publication catalogue comprises novels, poems, short stories, miniature novels, fairy tales, plays, listeners, propaganda material, reviews, film scripts, travelogues and comic book titles.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[1] Waltari's works of success have included extensive historical novels that have risen onto international bestseller lists, the most famous being Sinuhe Egyptian (1945), miniature novels set in modern times, and Inspector Palmu detectives, which have also been filmed.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The most successful of Waltari's film scripts is the Waltz of the Tramp (1941).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Life Youth Waltari's birthhome was in a house on Saariniemenkatu 6 in Siltasaari, Helsinki.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

A memorial plaque on the wall of the present house, designed by sculptor Jouko Toiviainen, reads: “On 19 September 1908, author Academician Mika Waltari was born in the house located on this location” and also features a facial image of Waltari.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[3] Waltari's priestly father Active Waltari died when the boy was five years old, leaving the responsibility of education to the mother.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Mika had two brothers: Samuel (called Samuli) and Erkki.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Samuli was two years older than Mika and Erkki five years younger.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Mika's father Toivo and uncle Toivo Waltari were both theologians and published numerous religious books.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The books were most often published by Suomen Seamiessent.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Waltari wrote 1926 as a matriculation from the classical line of the Finnish Normal Lyseo in Helsinki.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He was the editor of the school's prank magazine Pill.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

After school, Waltari began studies in theology at the University of Helsinki but soon moved to the Historical-linguistic department of the Philosophical Faculty after a crisis in life.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Bachelor of Arts he graduated in 1929.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] His Master's thesis in Practical Philosophy on Heavenly and Earthly Love dealt with the relationship between religion and eroticism.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[4] At the age of 17, Waltari began a literary career with a religious account of God escaping from the Seaman, commissioned by the Sailor.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Waltari was also involved in the Firebearers circle and, before his breakthrough work The Great Illusion (1928), was able to write poetry and under the pseudonym Kristian Raven the Eyes of the Dead.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He initially considered himself specifically to be a poet.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[5] The Firebearers, which started out as a group of poets, was not a programmatically cohesive group.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Common to those who belonged to it were only a cheerful, liberated basic mood, confidence in humanity and the future of the young republic and Finnish culture and interest in new phenomena in the field of literature and technology.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The Great Illusion of Waltar, who moved from poem to prose, embodied these moods, and the work became a cult novel of the 1920s.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[6] Unlike other firebearers, Waltari was able to quickly adapt to the majority and write both entertainment and art.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[5] In January 1930, Mika Waltari travelled to the Riviera, with stays in Nice, Menton and Monte Carlo.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In early February, she resumed her voyage to Paris, staying there until late March.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The trip helped Waltar get rid of an awkward acquaintance with Minna Craucher.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Murdered in 1932, Craucher was a role model for Madame Spindel of the Great Illusion.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[1] Army-time Waltari began his conscript service in 1930 in the Uusimaa Regiment in Santahamina, which was transported by sea at the time.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[1] Already when he entered the service, Waltari was a celebrity.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[1] He was assigned to sub-officer training at Parola.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[1] In reserve officer school, he felt a certain “sense of nobility” with the increase in responsibility.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[7] In officer training, he was involved in a car accident.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In the road derailment of the RUK transport truck, he injured his head and was released mid-service.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Another reason for the release was the dry pleurisy he had contracted.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[8] Waltari wrote a pro-military autobiographical work on his conscription period Where Men Are Made (1931) while still recovering in Tilka.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[7] On the other hand, in a letter to his father's friend, Jalo Sihtola, Waltari makes it clear that he does not like the army.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[9] The Waltari scholar Panu Rajala has speculated that one of Waltari's influences in making a pro-army work was that his fiancée Marjatta Luukkonen's father was Medic Major General Emil Luukkonen and Waltari wanted to please his future father-in-law.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[10] Journalist and professional writer Waltari married Marjatta Luukonen in 1931.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] A daughter Satu was born into the family in 1932.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] To support his family, Waltari adopted the work ethic of a professional writer.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] He had a permanent job as editor of Kuvalehti in Finland until 1938, when he remained a free writer.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In the 1930s he wrote novels, short stories, fairy tales, poems, and 26 plays.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The decade was one of his most diligent writing dramas, which made it possible to finish his studies even earlier.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[1] During the wars, Waltari worked at the State Information Institute.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He participated in the act of war propaganda, including writing non-fiction books in the shadow of Soviet espionage (1942, look-out edition 1994), Truth about Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (1941, under the pseudonym Nauticus), as well as the novels Antero No Longer Returns (1940) and Love in Persecution (1943).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He wrote many newspaper articles, patriotic reportages from the front, and newspaper editorials.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[11] In October 1942, Waltari participated in a visit by Finnish writers to the Weimar Writers' Meeting, held under the patronage of Minister Joseph Goebbels.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[12] In the autumn of 1946, he began a trip to Istanbul, during which he deviated for just under a week to Switzerland and also met Jean-Louis Perret there, whose first volume of the Sinuhe French version appeared 1947—1948, elevating Sinuhe to world fame.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] [13] International Breakthrough After the war appeared the novel Sinuhe Egyptian (1945), set in ancient Egypt, which became an international success and Waltari's main work.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

After Sinuhe, Waltari wrote several historical novels including Mikael the Hairfoot (1948), Mikael Hakim (1949), as well as the Secret of the Reich (1959) and Enemies of Humanity (1964) about the early stages of Christianity.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] After 1964, Waltar's inspiration withered.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He attempted one more historical novel as the subject of the Order of Malta, but it remained uncompleted.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] He was able to design in his head the persons and plot of the book, but when the time came to start writing the story on paper, he was not able to create any text at all.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

This was a stretch for Waltar, who loved writing.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[14] After a career as a writer In his late years, Waltari enjoyed an esteem that in active years did not always awaken, as he was often regarded only as an entertainment writer.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

After the end of his actual career as a writer, Waltari still made a great deal of public appearances.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He was a member of the Academy of Finland, which obliged him to help and guide young writers.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari was actively involved in negotiating translations of his books as well as design work as new editions of his old work were published and shorter texts were compiled into compilation works.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Among other things, he wrote prefaces to reprints of his books.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[15] [14] In March 1972, Mika Waltari and Väinö Linna participated prominently at the annual general meeting of WSOY, which was preceded by turmoil at the head of the publishing house: in January, the Supervisory Board decided to dismiss President Hannu Tarmio by a vote of 5—3, resulting in the publishing industry's writers leading up to the Waltari and Linna positioned themselves to defend Tarmio.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Eventually, the AGM overturned the separation decision.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[16] [17] In the old age, Waltar's powers were taxed by lung cancer.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He had surgery on a second lung in 1968, and after that he was frail.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

However, he did not quit smoking.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[18] In the summer of 1979, the cancer recurred, and on August 26, Waltari died.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[14] [19] He refused the morphine offered for pain relief, saying, “Death is so unique that I want to experience it with my clear sense”.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[20] Waltari is buried in the Artistjainmäki of Hietaniemi Cemetery.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[21] Family and family Waltari's daughter Satu Waltari, later Satu Elstelä, was also a writer.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Satu Waltari's husband was the theatre director Esko Elstelä, and their son, Waltari's grandnephew Joel Elstelä, has published one novel and one short story collection.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari lived most of his life in Etu-Töölö, Helsinki, at Tunturikatu 13.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The apartment, bought by a young married couple in 1932, has about 135 square feet, five rooms, a hall, bathroom, toilet and kitchen.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari later explained his prolificity by having to get an exceptionally large apartment paid for and additionally provide for his family.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[14] [22] Production Mika Waltari was a very prolific writer whose production includes over 25 novels, fifteen miniature novels, 34 plays and additionally listeners, small dialogues, film scripts, poems, travelogues, short stories and numerous other texts.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] His first published work was on the escape of God in 1925, and the last texts he dictated to the work which appeared in the Voice of Man series in 1978.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Additional editions of his works have been taken continuously and have also been published as various collections; for example, his plays were not published as a single collection until 1999.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[23] Novels Waltar's breakthrough work was The Great Illusion, which became a cult novel of the 1920s.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[6] A young readership took as their own a work created in a room at the Hotel de Suede in Paris in a couple of months.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

It is still the most translated Finnish first-born novel.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[24] The next novel The Orange Seed (1931) is an account of the life of youth of his time.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[25] Between 1933 and 1935, Waltari wrote three novels—The Man and the Ghost (1933), Soul and the Flame (1934), and Burning Youth (1935) —which later appeared as a slightly abridged co-work under the title Father to Son (1942).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The picture of three generations of Helsinki draws largely through the stages of Waltar's own family.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] The City of Sorrow and Joy (1936) is a one-day novel that presents fragments from the lives of the inhabitants of Helsinki in the 1930s.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Markku Envall has estimated its excitations to become so F.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

E. Sillanpää's People in Suviyöyö-country photography than the idea of unanimism recognised in Europe at that time.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[26] Under its influence, Waltari looks at the city as a kind of spiritual community in which human fates touch each other.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[26] In his series of Helsinki novels, Waltari raised the depiction of the city and the emerging middle class in Finnish literature.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[27] During the war years, Waltari wrote two tendency novels: Antero No Longer Returns (1940) and Love in Persecution (1943), set in the time of the intermediate peace.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He also wrote Kaarina Maununtytär, a novel about Swedish history, and “Dance over the Tombs”, set in 19th century Finland.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Also Detective Novels Who Murdered Mrs. Skrof?


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

(1939) and Inspector Palm's Mistake (1940) appeared in the war years and were followed more than twenty years later by Stars tell, Inspector Palmu!


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[23] Waltari had long been interested in Egyptology, and after the war, the novel Sinuhe Egyptian (1945), set in ancient Egypt, appeared, which became an international success and Waltari's main work.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The English translation made it to the best-seller list in the United States.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Sinuhe has appeared in 41 languages.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[11] After Sinuhe, Waltari wrote the historical novels Mikael the Hairfoot (1948) and Mikael Hakim (1949).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

“Hakimi” Markku Envall considers in Western literature a unique calling card to the Islamic world.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Its way of portraying the Muslim world from the inside out has been radical since his appearance in a Lutheran country like Finland.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[28] Also Johannes Angelos (1952) tells of the encounter between the Christian and Muslim world.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The work is set around the time of the Siege of Constantinople into the 15th century.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In John Angelos, Waltari also used parts of a manuscript he had made a year earlier, dealing with John's youth years.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The manuscript was not published until after Waltar's death in 1981 under the name Young John.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] The Manilianus novels Secret of the Kingdom (1959) and Enemies of Humanity (1964) tell of the early stages of Christianity.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The series of historical novels additionally includes Turms, Immortal (1955).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The author directed his historical works to a universal readership; only Mikael Karvajala takes place partly in Finland.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Typical of Waltar's historical novels is the large number of pages, usually around 800 to 1000 pages.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In addition to fictional protagonists, they often feature an abundance of real history characters.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari got a thorough acquaintance beforehand with the era in which he intended to place his novels, so their surroundings are truthful to the details.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Four Daylights (1949) is a kind of novel about the novel.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

It is set at a time when Waltari was writing an “embarrassing and disturbing” Sinuhe.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In the author's own words, the piece is “a disguise-clad, sentimental love narrative.”


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[29] The concise contemporaries novel Feliks happy Markku Envall, published in 1958, considers the best Finnish religious novel.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

At the time of its appearance, the book, which received a mixed reception, considers the question of how one can be a Christian in modern times.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

According to Envall's assessment, the novel is best understood against the characteristic thinking of Erkki Niinivaara, a fellow coursemate at the Faculty of Theology.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[28] Miniature novels The most significant in writing are often considered Waltari's so-called miniature novels, which are characterized by intense sensuality and eroticism.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Miniature novels appeared from Waltar mainly in the 1940s and early 1950s.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Miniature novels Never Tomorrow (1942) and Something in Man (1944) Waltari first published as self-publishing.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The WSOY refused to publish what Waltari deemed morally dubious works dealing with crime and forbidden love.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[30] [31] In these works, the author could express himself without the pressure of a success writer, and thus the mapping of the night side of the human mind and philosophical and existential reflection on life became possible.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[26] In 1953, WSOY could publish a collection of six miniature novels on the Lunar Landscape [31].


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In total, Mika Waltari qualified 13 of his works for the joint volume Miniature Novels.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[26] Among the most famous miniature novels is The Foreign Man Entered the House with which Waltari won the WSOY Miniature Novel Competition in 1937.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[26] Markku Envall considers the book to be a kind of Finnish equivalent to D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's lover.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[26] The work was Waltar's first translation success [30].


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In Fine van Brooklyn (1941), an inexperienced scientist travels to Brittany and falls under the power of a calculating woman there.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Something about man is placed on the face of the underworld and is probably readable in the light of Calvinism that interested the writer.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Never Tomorrow is a triangle drama about a crime and confessing to it.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

At the same time, it's a description of a troubled period between two world wars


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[32] Plays Waltari also wrote thirty plays during his career.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Some of them serve as performances of major novels, such as Akhnaton, set in the same period as Sinuhe Egyptian, Born of the Sun (1936), and the 16th century Paracelsus in Basel (1943).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Some of the plays were political, such as Night Over Europe (1934), which chronicles the political causes of its time and the tensions between them.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Of the lighter plays, many have also become known as films such as The Unruly Generation (1936), Gabriel, Come Back (1945), The Witch Returns to Life (1946) and April Comes (1949).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

A collection of plays by Mika Waltari (1999) has subsequently been published.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[23] Film scripts Waltari was a diligent film screenwriter.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Definitely the most famous of the films he scripted is The Tramp's Waltz (1941), directed by T. J. Roach.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Others include the February Manifesto (1939) and Oi, the expensive Suomenmaa (1940).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

When designing the film The Most Beautiful Girl in the World (1953) in honor of Armi Kuusela, director-producer Veikko Itkonen gave an interview to the magazines in which he said that the film's script will be done by Mika Waltari.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari himself learned of this plan for the first time when reading an interview with Itkonen in the magazine.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

As a kind man, however, he agreed to be a screenwriter.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[33] 33 films have been made based on Waltari's works.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The best known to Finns are Komisario Palmu films directed by Matti Kassila and comedies based on plays, such as Gabriel, come back.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The film Blood on Our Hands has been made based on the novel Never Tomorrow.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

A foreign man entered the house has been filmed twice, and its name has become a flying phrase.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[26] For his play Apple falls... based on the film Apple falls from the screenplay Waltari received the Jussi Award.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[34] Already immediately after the premiere, the script was praised as Waltari's best, as was its dialogue.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[35] However, the best known film to international audiences based on Waltari's novel is Sinuhe, Egyptian (1954), directed by Michael Curtiz, whose screenplay was done by Philip Dunne and Casey Robinson.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[36] Poems Waltari wrote a lot of poems in his youth, and he considered himself first and foremost a poet.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[37] His first poems appeared in the Young Voima League anthology Young Poets in 1926 under the name Kristian Korppi, and at a fast pace thereafter appeared at the root of Your Cross (1927) and the Foreign Legion (1929) and Highways (1928) together with Olavi Laurin (Olavi Paavolainen) with.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Later, Waltari's poems appeared in the collections Poems 1925—1945 and Table Box.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[23] Other production Waltari wrote travelogues.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The Lonely Man's Train, a travelogue set in the summer of the same year published in 1929, depicts the journey of a newly graduated bachelor to Constantinople.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In the travel book I Left for Istanbul (1948), which describes postwar Europe, Waltari writes of a journey he made after Sinuhe appeared to find material for his next historical novels.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Travelogues that appeared in Waltari's journals have been published in a collection edited by Rudy de Casseres and Raimo Saloma in 1989.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[38] From his time in conscription, Waltari wrote a pro-military autobiographical work Where Men Are Made in 1931.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The work has been said to be “commissioned” by the right wing in exchange for Pentti Haanpää's military-critical Kielto and barracks.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Markku Envall has characterised it in 1984 as still the most positive depiction of conscripted life in Finnish literature in the Writers' Fields and Barracks.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[39] Waltar's guide for novice writers are you going to be a writer?


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

appeared in 1935.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Among other things, Kalle Päätalo has mentioned the importance of the guide in the early stages of his own career as a writer.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[40] In 1934, Waltari began writing poetry texts for the comic book Kieku and Kaiku drawn by Asmo Alho, which appeared in Kotistove until 1975.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

These rhymes have been assessed as the most read texts in Waltari's native country [41].


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Short stories originally written by Waltari for various journals have later been published in collections of Short Stories and Five Aces and Other Narratives.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He also wrote fairy tales that have been published, among other things, in the collections of the Prince of Dshinnistan and the Chinese Cat.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[23] In 1978, a retrospective selection of Waltari texts edited by Ritva Haaviko appeared in the Voice of Man series.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

I book The Voice of Man.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Humility − Passion compiled Waltari's writings from different decades since the beginning of production and thus aimed to create a coherent picture of Waltari's worldview.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[42] The book contains, among other things, an abridgement of his master's thesis from 1928.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[43] Some of the writings Waltari prepared specifically for this book in the year of its publication in 1978, and they remained his last literary works.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[44] It was only after Waltari died that the works Mika's poems and notes 1925—1978 (1979) and The Writer's Memoirs (1980), edited by Haaviko, appeared.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In the 1970s, Haavikko interviewed Waltar about his life and work.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The interviews were lengthy, and based on them, Haavikko submitted an article-format 370-page biography of Waltari, Mika Waltari: Giant of Imagination, completed in 1982.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[44] [45] Waltari's daughter, Satu Elstelä, has stated that the image given by the memoirs does not always correspond to reality.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The problem has been addressed by Markéta Hejkalová in her biography Mika Waltari.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The Finn and Waltari researcher Juha Järvelä.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[46] [47] Writer image Waltari was a professional writer and took into account the wishes that were presented to him by the subscribers of the texts.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Gabriel, for example, the come-back comedy originated at the request of Helge Ranin.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

She hoped to perform a four-act fun play with one staging, three female roles and a large male role to be performed on the tour.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[48] Waltari was versatile as a writer, he mastered light comedies as well as serious and contemplative works.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He is also remembered for his diligence: few Finnish writers have been able to achieve similar writing speed and frequency of publication.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

To distract his critics — and perhaps embarrass — Waltari entered writing contests, often under pseudonyms.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Waltari also published his most entertaining books and short stories under pseudonyms, perhaps because he himself did not appreciate them very much or simply to hide his prolificity.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] [49] Personal photo Mika Waltar is often described as a calm, friendly and warm person.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

However, Waltar's life also included dipsomania-type alcoholism, as well as severe periods of insomnia and depression, which forced him to be hospitalized many times.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[2] Events usually followed each other in a particular order: completion of work, depression, drinking streak, relationship or infatuation, insight on a new topic, and returning to work.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[24] In sober seasons, the drunken outings embarrassed Waltar, and his relationship with alcohol was problematic.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

However, he spoke quite openly about the issue at an older age.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari also publicly recounted his mental hospital experiences in a newspaper interview in the 1970s.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The act was considered rather courageous, as at the time mental illness was often seen as a disgraceful and matter to conceal.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[50] Relationship with religion Mika Waltari had received a harsh Christian upbringing and struggled all his life with Christianity.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Although he interrupted his theology studies, he regularly attended the annual celebrations of his course.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In the novel “Turms, Immortal”, Waltari may have been sketching his own idea of religion because not much is known about Etruscan religion.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

According to Reijo Vahtokar, Turms has downright new age features in modern terms.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

After that, however, the author returned to homely Helsinki and Christianity in the book Feliks happy.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[24] Faith provided Waltar with a justification for adopting a positive outlook on life, despite the disappointments caused by humans.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Despite this, the author repeatedly appeared as an incessant skeptic.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari recognized that one cannot live without faith, but a thinking person cannot live without suspicion either.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Nonetheless, Waltari's late production shows the writer to have found in Christianity such hope for the future of mankind that seemed completely lost in his main work Sinuhe Egyptian (1945).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[51] Political views Mika Waltar is often seen as right-wing, yet liberal and tolerant.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[52] Katri Vala called Waltar a “Coalition moralist and Mother's Day speaker.”


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[53] Waltari described himself in 1972 as being a “stray voter” whose choice to vote is based more on person than party.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He also told me he would always vote for a woman because women are much more rational than men in his opinion.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[54] Waltari translated the cult work of the National Socialists, Horst Wessel: A German Fate (WSOY, 1933), written by Hanns Heinz Ewers.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[1] In his memoirs, Waltari explains that at that time he did not know the National Socialist cause very well.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[9] In 1939, before the start of World War II, he wrote an article about his journey in Europe describing Nazi Germany in a rather positive tone.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[55] Interest in visual arts Mika Waltari's texts are very visual, and visual art influenced his writing.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari has told me he surrounded himself with fine art.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The boards were friends and companions to him.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

He was also a diligent visitor to art exhibitions and museums.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

According to Waltari himself: [56] The exhibition presented at the Ateneum Art Museum in autumn 2008 included works by Eemu Mynt, Yrjö Saarinen, Otto Mäkilä, Mauno Markkula and Aimo Kanerva, important to Mika Waltari.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Among other things, a book was published in conjunction with the exhibition, which compiles all of Waltari's writings on the five artists in the exhibition.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Other articles in the book detail Waltar's relationship with the visual arts.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[56] Commendations Waltari was awarded the Pro Finlandia Medal in 1952.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

In honour of Waltari, the Finnish Writers' Union annually awards the Waltari Prize to distinguished young writers [57].


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

There is a monument to Mika Waltari near Waltari's home in Etu-Töölö, Helsinki.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Veikko Hirvimäki's sculpture The idea of the king has derived its idea from the phrase Turms immortal “In man himself are the longest journeys.” [58] At one time there was a heated debate about what it should be like.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

A lot of people would have preferred a statue of sight.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Waltari himself stated that when he left time, a public urge could be built in the centre of Helsinki in his memory [59].


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The memory of the writer is cherished by the Mika Waltari Society, founded in 2000, which, among other things, publishes a yearbook called Illusioni.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[60] The multifunction space on the fourth floor of the Töölö Library in Helsinki was opened on 19 September 2007, named Mika Waltari Hall, on the 99th anniversary of the writer's birth.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[61] Nominal celestial bodies dedicated to Waltar include asteroid No 4266 (Mika Waltari) and asteroid No 4512 (Sinuhe).


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[62] 2008 was the centenary year of Waltari's birth, and Waltar was commemorated on many occasions, newspaper articles, and radio and television programmes.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

The Mint issued a silver commemorative coin of €10 in denomination in honour of Waltar.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

Sinuhe Egyptian was voted the loveliest book by Finns at the time.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[63] In autumn, WSOY published an 850-page biography of Waltari written by Panu Rajala, Unio mystica: The Life and Works of Mika Waltari, and the English-language work Mika Waltari the Finn, written by Marketa Hejkalová, which is a translation from the Czech language.


Question: When was Mika Waltari born?

Mika Waltari

[64] Donald Duck magazine published an 11-page comic-book dedicated to Waltari by comic artist Kari Korhonen, featuring Waltari himself as well as “obsolete” Kieku and Kaiku.