Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

However, on Hitler's orders, the Luftwaffe was ordered at the end of August to bomb London in retaliation for the bombing of Berlin by the RAF (the bombs killed about 400 civilians and some animals in the zoo).


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The first “Blitz”, or bombardment of London, was not carried out until 7 September.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

This gave the RAF much-needed time to regroup.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

On 17 September, the last day the weather would have been favourable for landings before typical autumn storms, the Luftwaffe had been unable to achieve air supremacy over the Channel and southern England.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Hitler postponed the invasion of England into the future.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The British victory was also influenced by a new invention, a radar that enabled the British to detect Luftwaffe planes as early as they took off in the air in northern France.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

This allowed British destroyers to be airborne ready waiting for the enemy.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The German Air Force had no heavy bombers and its Me 109 fighters had a range of action far too short to be able to protect bomber formations.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In addition, Göring's staff issued erroneous and confusing commands.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

By 31 October, the German Air Force had lost more than 1700 fighter and bomber aircraft in the battle for Britain, while the British Air Force lost just under 1400 fighters.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In addition, the Luftwaffe lost thousands of pilots in enemy country airspace, while many UK and British Commonwealth pilots returned to duty after being rescued by parachutes.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Development programmes for new aircraft were discontinued by the British Air Ministry during the battle, and the industry focused on repairing damaged machinery and replacing those destroyed.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

After the failure of Britain's air war, Reich Marshal Hermann Göring temporarily fell out of favour with Hitler.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The critical nature of the battle for England is illustrated by the words of Sir Winston Churchill, the British prime minister, to the House of Commons: “In clashes between people, not so many have ever been indebted to so few.” Subsequently, the Luftwaffe concentrated in an easterly direction.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Their large fleet losses the Germans were able to make up by the summer of 1941, but a quarter of the experienced fighter pilots were lost in combat, which could not be compensated.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Mediterranean war scene Italy's weak war success and English military assistance to Greece made it mandatory for a large-scale invasion of Greece and a parachute operation to Crete.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Greek takeover was easy, but the Battle of Crete was a more consuming operation than Germany had assumed.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The German invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece was a real show of lightning war with the Germans suffering against superior enemies the loss of only about 100 men, with the British alone suffering losses of 12000 men.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Crete operation was well planned in itself, but Greek airports were unable, among other things, to operate precisely because of dust and fuel distribution.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Accordingly, fighters, bombers and parachute troopers' transport planes attacked scattered.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In particular, transport and parachute soldiers suffered heavy losses even before entering the country.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In addition, the Germans' entire invasion plan, with details and dates, was known to the British as early as 6 May.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Later German air raids against British-occupied Malta proved very difficult.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

When the Germans at the turn of the year 1941—1942 moved substantial Luftwaffe units to the area, Malta was subjected to such bomb rain that it was virtually incapacitated.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Thus, Erwin Rommel's Afrikakorps were able to move to Africa with virtually no losses.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

As summer approached, Luftwaffe forces were once again concentrated on the Eastern Front, and the British were able to reinforce Malta again as battle-capable.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Italians, together with the Germans, had wanted to bomb London and had moved almost their entire operational air force out of the area.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Eastern Front Luftwaffe was forced to stretch beyond its borders during the 1941 fighting.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Balkans, Crete and the entire Mediterranean Front dispersed the German Air Force's capabilities, not to mention Operation Barbarossa.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The invasion of the Soviet Union first seemed to go along the pattern of the Polish offensive and French occupation.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Luftwaffe achieved numerous aerial victories.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

It took Soviet pilots a year to abandon the Spanish ring and other aerial war tactics of the Battle of the Arctic.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

However, due to the huge distances, Luftwaffe crew and equipment losses were high from the start of the war.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In particular, hedgehog station battles such as the Stalingrad mot ate up the Luftwaffe's Ju 52 transport fleet in areas where the Luftwaffe had no air supremacy.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Neither side had a long range of heavy bombers, but quite a large number of fighters and lightweight bombers.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Soviets modernized their fleet throughout the war, while the Luftwaffe received as a novelty mainly only the development versions of the Fw 190 fighter Bf 109.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Fw 190 was later also used as a ground combat aircraft, for which German fighter aircraft production would not have been sufficient.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The leading fighter and bomber aces of the Axis powers and the Allies were just flying on Germany's eastern front.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Examples include Stuka pilot Hans-Ulrich Rudel and the world's most successful fighter pilot ever, Erich Hartmann, achieved 352 aerial victories.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Strategic Bombing of German Cities Bombing The British Air Force had begun the so-called carpet bombing of German cities, especially by incendiary bombs, as early as 1940.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Due to poor results and heavy losses in day bombing, the RAF switched to night bombing.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Luftwaffe developed a complex night-fighter interceptor system based on numerous regional centres and radars, with the idea of conducting from the ground the night fighters centralised against an influx of English bombers.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

However, the system's frequencies and technology were revealed when a fighter with that technology was accidentally flown to Switzerland by one German.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

As the night bombing war intensified in 1943, the Wilde Sau interceptor system based on the pilots' own visual observations had to be introduced as the British managed to effectively disrupt the German Zahme Sau radar system, causing the Hamburg disaster (Operation Gomorrah).


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Fires caused by bombardment, magnesium light into the clouds, and light rockets fired by anti-aircraft artillery brought about such lighting conditions that even day fighters were able to operate at night over burning towns.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

As the German electronics industry was resolved with radar jamming and new radars were developed for night fighters, the Wilde Sau units were broken up.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The United States began bombing in 1943, bombing, despite huge losses, during the day, predominantly military-industrial targets.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In the winter of 1944, the United States Air Force also switched to the summary bombardment of German cities, as aircraft ground radars in use could little detect targets smaller than large cities.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Where the attacking bombers took off from good weather conditions and flew high away from the danger of freezing, German fighters often had to take interceptor flights amid heavy snowfall and icy planes.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The 1944 ship was provided with plenty of long-range escort fighters by the Americans, and as a result of the Big Week attack, the Luftwaffe was estimated to have already been nearly beaten.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

For these reasons, the Americans shifted from combating enemies attacking bombers to free-hunting German fighters in the areas of approach and operation of bombers, a tactic that is still being used.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Luftwaffe fighter force, or “hunter-gun” (jagt-waffe), quickly became the “hunted weapon” (gejagt-waffe).


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The results of the bombardment, despite the enormous destruction of urban centres caused by the British, did little to slow the German war effort.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Americans, on the other hand, suffered such great losses that they were unable to complete the devastation they had wreaked.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

After all, a delay of 3% to 5% of the objectives was caused by the German war apparatus led by Albert Speer.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

It was not until early 1944, when the Allies got their P-51 Mustang escort fighters into widespread use, that they succeeded in taking away air supremacy from the Germans.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In April 1944, concentrated attacks on German synthetic fuel installations virtually crippled already in August the large-scale operations of motorized units such as the Luftwaffe.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The production capacity of the German military industry has been claimed to have increased until the end of the war.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Germany only mobilised its industry in 1944, and production peaks were not reached in several sectors until August and September of the same year.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

However, bomber production, which had grown to record volumes, for example, was stopped altogether at the time, as there was not enough fuel for even test or reception flights.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Germans were suffering anyway from fuel shortages and lack of raw materials that led to the introduction of substitute materials (gasoline made from coal, among others).


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Allied attacks from May 1944 on German synthetic fuel-producing factories led to the implosion of the German armed forces.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

From September 1944, first with the Luftwaffe, during the winter other types of weapons lost almost all their ability to exercise.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

It is remarkable that only 5.166 tons of bombs were enough to do this.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

[Galland first and last s.331] Bombing of Dresden The most controversial of Allied bombings is the bombing of Dresden at the end of the war.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The Allies bombarded the city in waves of 1000 bombers, each carrying a bomb load of about four tons.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

There was little anti-aircraft fire in Dresden, as there was no strategic industry there, and it had not been bombed before during the war.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

On 13 February 1945, the RAF began bombing raids.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Around 200,000 refugees from the eastern parts of Germany had gathered in the city, along with over 620,000 original inhabitants.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

As a result of the bombardment, which lasted three days, temperatures in the city centre rose to 900 degrees Celsius and the fires ate up the oxygen.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The final death toll was estimated by a report by the local police authority at around 25000.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

One estimate of the death toll put forward is 450,000, in which case it could be considered the worst work of destruction against civilians in modern history.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

This assessment is most obviously driven by the German Ministry of Propaganda and was intended to motivate Germans to wage war.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The basic reason for the bombing of Dresden was the need for the Western Allies to show the Soviet Union their military might.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In propaganda, though, the bombing was justified by the difficulty of German troop transfers, which would help the Soviet Union.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In fact, the Soviet Union did not ask for or need such assistance, but at least the Soviet troops who came to the scene could see with their own eyes that the Western Allies were not mere paper tigers.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

With the loss of air supremacy on the Western Front, the Luftwaffe fighters stationed in France were able to practically equal combat with the RAF.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

During the so-called Channel through-run, the Luftwaffe gained air supremacy in the English Channel, keeping the British air force away from the back of its large naval combat units.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

An attempt at German air supremacy was not successful in the Battle for Britain in 1940.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In its own and German-occupied territory, air supremacy narrowed in Soviet 1942 thanks to large and mutually consuming aerial battles and Russian anti-aircraft fire.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

German air supremacy was the first to break in Africa.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

There, the strength ratio was 12:1 in favour of the British and Americans.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

However, experienced German pilots such as Captain Hans-Joachim Marseille kept the situation such that the operational capability of Rommel's armoured armies was not affected by Allied air activity other than in the form of a reduction in cargo transport (British torpedo planes operated from Malta and from support ships).


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

On the Western Front, it was not until early 1944 that the Allies were able to deprive total air supremacy for themselves.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Due to the threat of ground combat aircraft, Germany was forced to service the front during the night time.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In the spring of 1944, the Western Allies gained enough capability and long-range destroyers to scrap the Luftwaffe's fighting capability.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

This happened surprisingly quickly over the course of a few weeks.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The destruction of German destroyer forces stationed in France, in particular, was of paramount importance in the run-up to the Normandy landings.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

This is the United Kingdom and the US Air Forces — where the Luftwaffe was just fine in 1940 during the launch of Operation Seelöwe.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

At the time of the Normandy landings, it was claimed only one German destroyer was airborne.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

This was Captain Josef Priller's plane.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

At the end of the war, the Luftwaffe developed the world's first rocket-engined fighter aircraft, the Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, and was the first to introduce a jet-powered fighter, a piston-engine fighter, compared to the superior Messerschmitt Me 262.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

However, the latter did not have time to greatly influence the air war due to its small manufacturing volumes and the short life and unreliability of its engines.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The small manufacturing volumes were due to Adolf Hitler's insistence on converting the plane into a bomber.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Problems with reliability, in turn, were the result of a lack of titanium and other necessary materials.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Revenge weapons Another Luftwaffe innovation was the V1 missile (Vergeltungswaffe-1, Finnish “Kostoase-1”), which was used to strike England and Belgium with varying results.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Development work on the V2 missile outside Luftwaffe jurisdiction took a heavy toll on German industrial and design resources: a single V-2 required materials and man-hours as much as making six fighter jets.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

The V2 was ahead of its time, and after the war it became a paragon of both U.S. and Soviet ballistic missiles.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Its designer, Werner von Braun, later developed the United States' first space rockets.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Ban and Rebirth of the Airgun After the war, German military aviation was mostly completely banned at England's insistence before the birth of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 and its accession to NATO in the 1950s.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

In 1956, the new air force of the Federal Republic of Germany was formed.


Question: Is there an aircraft industry in Finland?

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)

Luftwaffe pilots, commanders and developers Gerhard Barkhorn Adolf Galland Gordon Gollob Hermann Goering Erich Hartmann Otto Kittel Hans-Joachim Marseille Erhard Milch Werner Mölders Günther Rall Hanna Reitsch, test pilot, the only one on the I and II Class Iron Crosses award-winning woman Hans-Ulrich Rudel, Stuka pilot Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer Werner Streib Ernst Udet Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = John Killen| title= Luftwaffe| publisher = WSOY| year = 1969}} References * Category:Key of screening Articles


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

The title is an indication of the public value awarded to a citizen in Finland for his or her work for society.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

There are about a hundred titles in use.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

There are no rights or obligations attached to the title.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

Tax must be paid on the title.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

[1] Awarding titles Titles are awarded by the President of the Republic.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

The title board gives its statement on title matters to the president.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

[1] As a direct continuation of the Grand Duchy's period title practice in Finland, the President of the Republic may share various titles “without succeeding the actual office”.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

This is now based on the Law on Public Draws (1215/1999) and the Decree on Titles (381/2000).


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

In total, about 13000 titles have been awarded during independence (since 1918) [2].


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

The title is sought from the President of the Republic on a reasoned application in writing.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

The applicant may be private individuals or organizations that also pay tax on the title.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

Where possible, the title applied for a person should describe his or her life's work [1].


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

Other information Hereditary titles of nobility are no longer granted in Finland, but families that have previously been noblemished may still use their titles.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

No privileges of nobility in Finland or elsewhere in Europe no longer exist except for the Parliament of England, where the main thighs of the House of Lords still have some legislative power.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

The Court of Appeal grants the title of Deputy Judge to the lawyer who has successfully completed the auscultation.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

Under the District Courts Act, a laamanni (chief judge of the district court) may grant a boardman in recognition of long and meritorious (in practice at least eight or nine years) conduct the title of a magistrate of whey.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

In the administrative bureaucracy of Finland, senior civil servants in ministries are also referred to as advisers, and this is the title of office rather than title.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

Such post titles include, but are not limited to, Financial Advisor, Government Counsellor, Agriculture Advisor and Industry Advisor.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

The title of high office holders of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland is church counselor.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

In sports-related contexts, the organisers of some traditional endurance sports events invite fitness athletes who have repeatedly participated in the event for advice.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

Thus, the skier who has completed the Finlandia skiing 15 times is a ski advisor and a marathoner who has run the Helsinki City Marathon 10 times is a marathonadvisor.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

These are not actual titles.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

Finnish titles in use The amounts in parentheses mean the amount of tax payable on the title.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

The latter amount indicates the amount of tax where the recipient of the title is in full-time office or employment or other comparable service with the State, Municipality or Church.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

Otherwise, tax will be paid according to the previous amount.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

The tax is paid by the person who submitted the title, not the recipient of the title itself.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

[3] Group (tax) State counsellor mountain counsellor group (tax) Energy Advisory Special Envoy Trade Advisory Agriculture Counsellor Tourism Counsellor Maritime Advisory Minister for Industry Minister of Industry Communications Advisor Lord Mayor Group (Tax) Pharmacy Advisor Engineering Advisor Financial Advisor Insurance Advisory Group (Tax) Mayor Urban Counsellor Group (Tax) Archatri Lamanni Maaneuvos Patent Advisor Construction Advisor General Counselor Group (Tax) Permanent Counsellor Press Counsellor Provincial Counsellor Professor Hospital Advisory Group (Tax) Budget Advisory Veterinary Advisory Counsellor Government Fisheries Advisory Field Bishop Cultural Advisory municipal counselor sports advisor medical advisor surveying advisor forestry counselor museum counselor youth counselor police consul general port counselor occupational safety advisor taxation advisor environmental advisory group (tax) vocational education advisor ballet counselor film counselor Association Counselor Fisheries Counselor Chamber Advisor Commercial Advisor Engagement Counselor Real Estate Counsellor Printing Counselor Library Counselor Higher Education Counselor Home Counselor Home Industry Counselor School Counselor mayor handicrafts counselor pilot counselor delegation counselor music counsellor teaching advisor keeper mayor horticultural counselor revision counselor parish counsellor social counselor arts counselor financial advisor theatre counselor health care consultancy group (tax) chief agronomist chief architect chief engineer chief chief forester group (tax) consul embassy secretary financial principal chief master master group (tax) principal vice-consul group (tax) principal vice-consul group (tax) head teacher group (tax) assessor veterinary assessor lecturer group (tax) intendant camreeri postmaster rovasti war camreel group (tax) flight captain group (tax) director cantus director musices Last the list of titles has been amended by decree of the President of the Republic in September 2017


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

[4] The change to the list immediately preceded this was made in January 2012.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

[5] See also List of titles awarded in Finland during independence Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Segercrantz, Stig-Göran & Martin, Timo & Flinkkilä, Jouni| title = Titles in Finland 1917—1985| location = Helsinki| publisher = New Finland| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-9434-18-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aho, Seppo (ed.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

) | title = Titles awarded by the Regent and Presidents of the Republic 1918—2005 in alphabetical order of title| location = Alavus| publisher = Aholis| year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-91-9535-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Strömberg John (ed.)


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

& Nuorteva Jussi (eds.)


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

& Forssell Christina (eds.


Question: How much tax does the organization pay in Finland?

Titles in Finland

) | title = State awards — Staten belönar| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-746-964-7| language = (in Finnish) & (in Swedish) | accessdate = 3.4.2014}} On topic elsewhere (23.12.1999/1215), Finlex® (20.4.2000/380/3815) 1), Finlex® *


Question: What record did social poke appear on?

RDN Allstars

RDN Allstars is the first-born album by hip hop group Rockin da North, released on May 21, 2002.


Question: What record did social poke appear on?

RDN Allstars

Several Finnish hip hop artists appear on the album as well as visitors from abroad.


Question: What record did social poke appear on?

RDN Allstars

The album rose to number 5 on the Official Finnish Chart.


Question: What record did social poke appear on?

RDN Allstars

[1] Tracks Intro Saunda (Trilogy & Balance) Here again (Phlegmatics, Little G, YOR123 & Ezkimo) Kingsize (B.O.W, Lord Est, YOR123 & Ezkimo) Tu to my dreams (Janina Frostell, Ezkimo, YOR123, Scandal & Lord Est) Just entertainment (Elastic, Jurassikki & YOR123) Fake No More Skit (Scandal) Till the Last Day (Warlocks, Eye N' I, Curse & Samir, Outlandish, YOR123 & Ezkimo) F-F (Fuck-for-Fame) (Scandal, Sophie & YOR123) Rockin' da Planet (Paleface, Jinx, YOR123 & Ezkimo) Operation RDN (Order, Scandal, YOR123 & Ezkimo) Rock n Roll (Redrama & Critical) 6 Sins of Death (Microphonists & Second Class Citizens) Social Poke (Firebearers & Order) Antidote (Yavis, Taipan Circle & Hosni) My Crime Is Hip Hop (Key, TTC, Ezkimo, YOR123, Paleface & Scandal) Kings of Intermediate Spikes (Juhani & Jus Aname) Don't Sleep Over (Urban Legend & Fabio) Producers Pauli Rantasalmi: 1 Wretch: 2 Scientist: 3 Jukka Immonen: 4, 10 Joniveli: 5, 7, 9, 11, 16, 18 Elastic: 6 Falk aka Hawkeye: 8 Larry Lavish: 12 Oispa: 13 Lex Luthor: 14 Rocketboy: 15 Juhani: 17 Lyrics The album's cover sheets include lyrics to the songs “Kingsize”, “Nothing but Entertainment”, “Fake No More”, “F-F-F (Fuck-for-Fame)” and “Social Pokea”.


Question: What record did social poke appear on?

RDN Allstars

Sources Category:Firstborn albums of 2002 Category:Rockin da North albums Category:Albums produced by Scientist Category:Albums produced by Jonivelje Category:Albums produced by Elastic


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The European beaver, or “Castor fiber”, is a species of beaver native to Europe and Asia.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

It was little to become extinct in the 19th century due to excessive hunting, but has subsequently become plentiful and started spreading back to its former habitats.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Features Appearance and size The beaver can grow to nearly a meter in length and weigh up to 35 kilograms.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[1] A length of 32 to 38 cm including the total length may accumulate more than 130 cm [2].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The hind leg is about 17 cm long [2].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The main distinguishing features of the overall brown animal is a flat and broad tail, as well as chisel-like large incisors.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

There are two incisors in both the upper and lower jaw.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

They grow all the time like other rodents and remain sharp because of the hard enamel only on the front of the teeth.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The back of the teeth is a softer bone that wears out faster than the front.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The tooth sharpens in this way by itself when used for milling.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The incisors can grow to 15 inches long.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

With its teeth, a beaver can cut off a ten-centimeter tree in ten—fifteen minutes.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

When working on the front teeth, the jaws move about six times per second.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The beaver of its food again grinds with its molars.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Since the grinding of tree bark consumes them a lot, the crown of molars consists of erect mica plates with alternating sheets of dental bone and dental cement in their intervals.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Mica wears out more slowly than them and therefore there are transverse protuberances on the dental crown.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Dental cement grows at the root of the tooth, replacing the wear of the enamel so that the chewing surface of the tooth always remains at the same level.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Between the front and molars is a dental holiday, which is used by the beaver in mm.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

as an aid in the transportation of trees.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The European beaver has 48 chromosomes and the Canadian beaver only 40 [3].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Species can also be distinguished by the use of the skull, especially the nasal bone, and by the coloration of the tail and fur.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The tail of the European beaver up to 38 cm long and 10 cm wide is longer and narrower than that of the Canadian beaver, on which it is 15 cm wide [4] [2].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

In addition to dimensions, there is also a difference in the shape of the tail, as the tail of the European beaver narrows more clearly than that of the Canadian beaver [3].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Voices By slapping its tail loudly against the water, the beaver signals a threatening danger to other members of the beaver family.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The actual self-produced sounds beavers use mostly only when figuring out their mutual order of precedence.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[5] Prevalence The European beaver previously lived in abundance throughout Europe and, despite its name, also in parts of Asia.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[6] The range shrank considerably by the 20th century, mainly as a result of overhunting and habitat destruction due to fur, meat, and funnier.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] [6] from Britain the species was lost due to fishing by the 14th century, [8] but the actual collapse occurred in the 19th century, when the species disappeared from several European countries, such as Sweden and Finland.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[3] At the beginning of the 20th century, European beavers were estimated to have been around 1,300 individuals left in the world, and the species was in danger of extinction.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[6] However, due to conservation efforts, hunting restrictions, return instillations, and natural dispersal, the size of the stock turned to growth.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] [6] One of the first concrete conservation measures was the pacification of the species in Norway in 1845.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[5] [7] The world's number of specimens was estimated at around 430,000 in 1998, at least 593,000 in 2002 and at least 639,000 in 2006.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] The abundance is assumed to continue further.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] Native, preserved European beaver stocks now live in France, Luxembourg, Germany, Norway, Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] The species has been successfully reintroduced by planting to numerous European countries, such as the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland, Switzerland, Italy and Serbia.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] However, populations are small and isolated, [6] especially in Asia, where only 150 individuals are estimated to live in Mongolia and 700 in China.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] In Turkey, Moldova, Portugal and the United Kingdom, the species is still classified as lost [7].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The European beaver was assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2002 as an eye-catching and vibrant species in 2008, as the size of the population and the size of its range have been increasing [7].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Appearance in Finland in Finland beaver colonies were, according to Gustav Vilkuna, early on marked as property of certain villages or hunters.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

In 1555, Olaus Magnus noted that beavers were numerous in the Nordic countries, but harsh hunting had already taken a toll on them at that time, especially in the southern parts of Finland [3].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

For example, only one year earlier, the 1554 Tornion-Lapland and Kemin-Lapland vouds collected only 39 beaver skins as taxes.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

In the 17th century, beaver only existed in Lapland in Finland and was eventually hunted from Finland to extinction.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The last specimen was shot in 1868 from the River Eniö in Salla, now part of Russia.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

In the same year, the beaver was tranquilized from hunting [2].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Norway, as the only Nordic country, had managed to maintain its original beaver population, even though it had only been a few dozen specimens at the end of the 19th century [5].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Thanks to the pacification in 1875, several hundred European beavers were already present in southern Norway by the beginning of the 20th century and were planted in Sweden (in 1922 [3]) and Finland [5] at that time.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

After many phases, 17 animals were imported from Norway in 1935 [3] and two more in 1936.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

These European beavers were released to Lammi, Ruovede, Noormarkku and Kittilä, as well as Keuruu and Koskenpää border.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[3] In addition, four and seven Canadian beavers were imported from the United States in 1933 and in 1937.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[3] It wasn't until the 1970s that it became clear that they are different species.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

As a more effective breeding and stronger competitor, the Canadian beaver has since supplanted the European beaver from all areas where both species have been planted.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[3] Today there are around 1,000 European beavers in Finland, on the west coast in the Satakunta region [4] especially in Noormarku [3] and Kankaanpaa.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The Satakunta stock apparently comes from only two pairs of beavers introduced to Noormarkku [3].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

At the end of the 1980s, the second population in Finland [2] lived in Kuru, Pirkanmaa.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Nowadays, the European beaver is also found in northern Finland, Western Lapland in all the small rivers descending to Tornion river from Tornion up to the Kaaranto River in Muonio (2015).


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The municipality of Tornio has a strong beaver population at least in the Martimo, Coaca and Tiekso rivers.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Since the beginning of the 21st century, European beavers have come to the Eastern Lapland side from north of Saariselä to South Salla, from where they spread inland to the Kemijoki River basin.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The European beaver was formerly an endangered species in Finland.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

In 2010, it was assessed as compromised in the National Endangered Classification [9].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

In the 2015 endangerment classification, the species' classification changed from endangered to eye-keeping.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[10] In other Nordic countries, European beavers have been more successful than Finland: at the end of the 1980s they were estimated to number 20,000 in Norway and at least 50,000 in Sweden.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[3] Habitat The European beaver lives along water bodies.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

It is not very selective about its range of living, but qualifies for a wide range of freshwater water bodies from rivers and irrigation canals to lakes and marshes.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] It prefers water areas surrounded by forests most, standing or low-flowing, but is also capable of living in farming areas and even populated areas.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] However, trees and shrubs fit for food in the habitat must be grown and the terrain must not be too steep.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] Beaver is typically a lowland species and lives in Europe in areas up to 850 metres above sea level.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] In the mountains of northern Scandinavia, the European beaver is able to survive in conditions where their home water bodies are frozen for eight months a year and where the only plants are knee-thick willows [7].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Lifestyles Nutrition The basic nutrition of beavers are the bark of deciduous trees and all kinds of aquatic plants in summer.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Birches, willows and especially wounds are their favorite food, as are small rowans.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Coniferous beaver, on the other hand, eats only in exceptional cases, as well as alder.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The beaver's body cannot digest plant cellulose, but it uses bacteria and protozoa in its cecum to break down food.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Microorganisms convert nitrogen compounds into proteins and are able to produce vitamins to the beaver as well.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Like many rodents, the beaver exploits what is known as caecotrophy, that is, eating its own faeces, which is one way of recovering microorganisms' outputs.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

For the winter, the beaver assembles an eco-like restaurant plate in front of its nest, which can be several cubic metres in size.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Behavior European beaver is well adapted to living in water.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[7] In dives, the beaver can be fifteen minutes at a time [4].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

It cannot store nitrogen or oxygen in its muscles, but its blood supply underwater changes so that the heart rate slows down and the muscles work anaerobically, that is, without oxygen.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Underwater, the beaver kicks at speed with both its hind legs at once, at the surface again in turn.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Also, the tail moves under water differently than on the surface, vertically and not sideways.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Underwater, the beaver advances at best a couple of meters per second.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Swimming is accelerated by the skin fold that connects the toes of the beaver's hind leg.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[1] Members of the beaver family share social precedence among themselves.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[5] Individuals use a variety of sounds, gestures and postures to indicate their own position.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[5] In summer, the beaver marks its turf with smells, which are ten centimeters high and wide, assembled from mud and parts of plants and trees.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

They beaver marks the olfactory and anal glands with their secretions.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

This secretion, or hauste or hausta, smells like a person's nose dozens of meters away.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The odour is caused by a volatile compound called castoramine, which belongs to the alkaloids.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Hauste was once used as a medicine and, along with fur, was another reason for hunting the species.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Dams Beaver Dams are elaborate constructions made of wood, stones, mud, twig snippets, and other similar needs.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Construction work is usually done by a beaver in the morning, after eating in the evening hours.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The dam is being built upstream facing downstream, so that the beaver crams the construction timber into the appropriate crevice of the dam and the stream presses it firmly onto the dam.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The first trees in the dam lie at the bottom skewed against the flow.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Thinner branches and tonsils form intervals between thick trees, as do stone crumbs.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The dam is caulked with mud, branches and pebbles.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The bark of trees used for dams is normally eaten before construction.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

If water rises over the dam, it is raised or extended to the side.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Dams over three feet have been encountered and it is claimed that dams were up to a mile wide.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The purpose of the dam is to raise the water level in the body so that the shore tree is more accessible to the beaver, while at the same time the nest mouth opening remains below the water level.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[11] Along with the Nest Dam, another important beaver structure is the hog nest, which is used before the rest of the winter.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

During summer time, beavers can live in a nesting hole dug into the beach bed, while the hog nest protects beavers from cold and beasts during winter time.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The principle and needs of building a nest are similar to dams.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The starting point for nest construction is typically an inlet passageway dug into the shore bed with its mouth below the water level.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

There are usually two corridors, one in front of the nest and the other a little further away.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

At the beginning of both corridors there is a small indoor pond, from the movements of the surface, beavers can track the fluctuation in the water level of the residential pond.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The nest has two layers, the lower one dug into the ground and the lower one on the surface of the ground, that is, the sleeping shelter inside the keo.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The floor of the seedling nest part is usually covered with shavings.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The nest is expanded as needed, at its maximum it can reach up to three meters high.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Instead of a slope nest built in a beach collision, a beaver can also build a nest in the middle of the water.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

When staying in the nest in winter, the beaver's circadian rhythm becomes longer, the “beaver day” continues up to 29 hours.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

This is partly due to the lack of light entering the nest, but also due to the slowing of metabolism.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Beavers do not grow in winter and consume up to 40% less nutrition than in summer.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Snow effectively insulates the nest in winter, so even in frost there are usually a few degrees of heat.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The wintering of beavers is also helped by their dense fur and the fat layer collected in summer.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Turkey has a maximum of 23,000 underhair per square inch on the abdomen, and 12,000 on the back side.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The tail is a very important fat store and thermoregulating organ for the beaver.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Reproduction and lifespan The beaver gives birth to its young in the spring, in late May after three and a half months from fertilization.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The chicks weigh half a kilogram and in the European beaver they are usually born between two and four, most commonly three [12].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

European beaver litters are on average half the size of the Canadian beaver [2].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Emo has four necks.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Small dives chicks make as early as a week old and at one month old they mainly use solid nutrition.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Beavers don't leave their nest until the age of two in search of a mate.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

They still become sexually mature as early as 15 months old.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

There is therefore a maximum of parent couple and two-year-old chicks in one beaver wash [2].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The oldest known European beaver has lived in captivity until nearly 14 years old.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[12] Beaver as an ecosystem engineer, the construction skills of the European beaver and the Canadian beaver and the impact on the environment caused by flooding created by their dams are very similar.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

After construction of the dam, the flood rises into the forest or other terrestrial ecosystem surrounding the watershed.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

During the first years of flooding, trees on the beach die, and dead plant and wood matter and nutrients released from the soil are washed into the watershed.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

An increase in the amount of organic matter can be observed, for example, as an increase in the quantities of dissolved organic carbon [13], nitrogen [14] and phosphorus.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Numerous species of organisms benefit from the increase in the amount of organic matter.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

In the first year of flooding, water fleas (Eurycercus) are abundant, followed by water pigs (Asellus aquaticus) and caterpillars of pestle midges (Chironomidae) [15].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The abundance of invertebrates attracts amphibians and ducks to the body of water.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Of the Finnish frog species, the cape frog in particular thrives in environments created by beavers, but frog and toad are also found from beaver floods [16] [17].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Beaver floods are suitable as habitats for frogs, not only because of their abundant foraging, but also warm water, shallow and abundant aquatic vegetation.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Warm water accelerates the development of eggs and tadpoles.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The abundant aquatic vegetation, on the other hand, provides protection from beasts and serves as a mooring place for the kudu.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Finnish duck species especially tavi and aspen benefit from the environments created by beaver, but mallard is also abundant in lush and shallow beaver wetlands [18].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The ducks' preference for habitats created by beavers is partly due to the same factors as frogs: abundant aquatic vegetation brings protection from both birds of prey and ground beasts.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

In addition, aquatic invertebrates are particularly important food for ducks.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Evolution and Classification The current European beaver evolved two to three million years ago at the dawn of the Ice Age.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Still, the tribe of beavers is much older, dating back to the Oligocene period 25—35 million years ago.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

An ancient European beaver was the Steneofiber, whose skull was elongated and which was only slightly larger than muskrat.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The genus of present-day beavers Castor likely evolved from this very genus.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Along with that, the bulkier lake beaver, Trogontherium, once existed in Europe.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

The European beavers and the ancestors of the Canadian beavers that migrated to North America of their Castor lineage predecessors differ, meaning the European beaver and the Canadian beaver are two different species.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

For example, they cannot reproduce with each other [7].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Six to eight subspecies have previously been separated from the European beaver.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[19] [5] The so-called western java (“Castor fiber albicus”), which lived in Germany and France, was sometimes considered to be its own species of Castor albicus, [19] because its skull structure differs from other beavers.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[5] In the current classification, the European beaver is no longer considered to have subspecies, and Western Java is merely a synonym of it.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[19] One reason for the change in classification is that populations that originally lived in different regions and possibly diverged from each other have become so mixed as a result of transmission and reintroduction that their reliable separation is uncertain.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[19] The European beaver and the human European beaver have been chosen as the titular animal of the province of Satakunta.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[20] The European beaver is a game animal in Finland [21].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

According to the Hunting Regulation, the European beaver and the Canadian beaver are sedated from 1 May to 19 August, [22] meaning their annual hunting period is from 20 August to 30 April.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

A nest inhabited by muskrat and beaver should not be broken.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

[22] However, in order to prevent damage, a dam or other structure associated with an inhabited nest may be breached from 15 June to 30 September.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

in the period between [22].


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nummi, Petri| title = Beaver Pam| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = 139 s| id = ISBN 951-1-09363-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nummi, Petri| title = Beaver pond| publisher = Forest cost| year = 2015| version=120 s| id = ISBN 9789526612515}} On topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

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Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

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European Beaver


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European Beaver

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Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver


Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

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Question: Why do beavers build dams?

European Beaver

Category:Beavers Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Jääli (Jäälinkylä) is the 131st district of the city of Oulu and an agglomeration of the former Kiiming municipality.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Jääli is part of the sub-region of the same name together with the district of Väliylä.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

The Jääl district is located on Highway 20, about 8 kilometres from Kiiming towards Oulu and about 17 kilometres northeast of Oulu, on the shore of Lake Jäälinjärvi.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

The district of Jääl has a population of 4469 people and 1757 economies [1].


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

The second district of the Jääl Sub-region, the Central Village, has a population of 603 people and has 223 economies [1].


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

In total, there are 5072 people living in the Jääl Sub-Area and 1980 economies [1].


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Jääli had the largest concentration of inhabitants in the former Kiiming Municipality, with 5,077 (6/2011) inhabitants (the population of the former Kiiming Municipality Centre in June 2011 was 4,563 people).


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Although the origin of Jääl's name is not known for certain, it is known that Jäälinjärvi probably bears old Lapland names.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

It contains, perhaps originally, the Lapland word for ille, jelle, alle (western, western).


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

In turn, Laivakangas, the newest residential area of Jääl, explains how shipbuilding trees were cut from the forests for the burghers of Oulu.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

[2] Geography Climate The ground surface in the area is about 40—45 meters above sea level.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Location and altitude position affect the climate in such a way that despite the proximity to the Bothnian Sea, the effects of maritime climate are hardly noticeable.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

For example, compared to the city of Oulu and other areas close to the seaside, windiness is lower in Kääl, longer snow cover season, higher early summer temperatures and lower autumn temperatures.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

[3] Ridges, forests and vegetation The most significant named fabrics of the Harju formation are Laivakangas, Isokangas and Pyyryväisharjut northwest of Kuusamontie, as well as Järvenpää, Skunkangas and Sivukangas located slightly further in the southeast.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Ship cloth is classified as an important aquifer for water acquisition with an area of 6.6 square kilometres.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Part of the Jääl city plan area is located in the aquifer.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

[3] The central parts of the ridge are flat-grained sand and barren pine canvases in vegetation, where lichen occurs abundant.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Sand deposits, as well as gravel deposits further down the ridge, have been preferred areas for soil extraction, resulting in abundant landscaping damage in the area.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Part of the soil has also been taken from below the groundwater level, resulting in the formation of groundwater ponds in the area.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

Some of them now serve as bathing venues.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

[3] In the periphery of the ridges, the ground surface is moraine, and there is also a more diverse range of trees.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

The marshes surrounding the ridges have been somewhat entirely ditched to improve forest growth, making their character covered and partly difficult.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

The forests of the Kääl region are in economic use.


Question: Where does the name Jäli come from?

Icefy

The forest landscape is very visible through 400 kilovolt power lines leading from Keminmaa and Pirttikoski to Pikkarala.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

[3] The forest nature of the Jääl region as a whole is very diverse.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

The area is suitable for the presence of various forest berries, mushrooms, jam and cranberry, and brambleberries may also be found in the forested fields.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

Due to previous land taking and current forestry and recreational use, the area has many forest roads and trails, making it easy to navigate and diversified route selection options.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

[3] Jäälinjärvi and surroundings Jäälinjärvi is the landscaped centre of Jääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

In Lake Vähäjärvi in Northern Ostrobothnia, a lake of almost one square kilometre is already a rarity in itself.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

The lake has 7.3 kilometers of beach.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

The beaches are almost inhabited throughout.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

The north end and southwestern shore are the station plan area, and the rest of the lake is also occupied by either permanent or leisure settlement.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

Kiiming Municipality owns the beach at several points, and through them non-beach owners also have access to recreational use of the lake.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

Also, some businesses and communities have properties serving recreational use on the beaches.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

At the western end of the lake, in connection with the Jäälinmaja, there is a municipality-maintained


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Icefy

[3] Jäälinjärvi is also ideal for recreational fishing.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The area of the Jäälinjärvi catchment area in the skeleton of Lake Jäälinjärvi is 45 square kilometres.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The lakes in the catchment area, mainly Lake Lylykkiianjärvi, Saarisenjärvi and Lauttalampi, account for only 4.5% of the catchment area.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Naturally low lakeiness, lowering of the surface of Lake Saarinen and drying of Lake Thumb and Haisunjärvi, and in addition to ditching the swamps in the catchment area almost throughout, cause large fluctuations in flow flow.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Spring runoff is large and short-lived, with correspondingly low-waterlogged seasons frequent and they are long.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The Saarisenoja descending into Jäälinjärvi has been carried by boat in the state of nature, but as a result of the measures, the essence and character of Saarisenoja have fundamentally changed.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[3] From Jäälinjärvi, the waters flow through Jäälinoja to Kalimeenoja, which falls into the Bothnia Sea in the village of Kello.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The largest flows in the skeleton of Jäälinjärvi are more than 5 m³/s.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The average minimum flow is less than 0.1 m³/s, but as the dry season drags on, the flow goes to or very close to zero.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

From the initial end of the ice line, 2.5 km is located in the area of the station plan, and even downstream, the ditch arm is densely populated.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Ice linas are an important environmental enlivening factor and also important for the supply of water for irrigation.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The ditch is also estimated to have some value for fisheries.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[3] The location of Lake Jäälinjärvi in the ridge area and the abundant discharge of groundwater have ensured good water quality in the lake.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The water quality and usefulness of Lake Jäälinjärvi for recreational use have been severely degraded due to anthropogenic changes.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

As a result of the measures taken in the catchment area, both the hydrology and nutrient balance of the lake have substantially changed, leading to the presence of slime algae and blue-green algae.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

On the other hand, there is little waste water or agricultural load entering the area.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The southeastern portion of the lake was dredged in 1993 and 1994 to increase water depth and remove aquatic vegetation.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The plan also included an increase in the lower water surface of the dry season by 15—20 centimetres, but in this regard the project tapered off to opposition from the inhabitants of the Icefline stem.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[3] According to the Recreational Use Survey, water remediation is seen as necessary.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In particular, it would be desired to improve water quality and increase the water level during dry periods in Lake Jäälinjärvi.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The Jäälinoja arm also suffers from poor water quality and low water supply.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[3] History Relics Between Ship Fabric and Sivukankka lies the island of Linn, surrounded by marshes, at an elevation of about 55 metres above sea level.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

At the highest point of the island lies a solid relic called Jätinlinna.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

It is a stone peripheral rampart dating from the end of the Stone Age, hence around 2000 BCE, measuring 24 by 34 metres.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The height of the structure is 60—90 centimeters.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

This type of ancient relic, popularly called the Giant Church, occurs only in Ostrobothnia, and only a few occurrences are known.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

During the construction of Jätinlinna, Linnasaari has been a small, rocky sea island.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The structure was previously thought to have served as a base for seal catchers, but today they are considered part of a larger economic and communal entity.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Another stone ring resembling the Giant Church with its remains is located on the side of the road to Yli-Iih in Ship Cloth.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

This object has not been further studied.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[4] Along with the Giant Church, artifacts from the Stone Age have also been found in the Ilice.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The Scandinavian connections in the region are told by grinding finished spearhead.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The discovery is timed to the late Stone Age period ca.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

4000 years ago.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Around this time, changes in the climate posed challenges for settlement, which to some extent also declined in the Jääl region.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

This is illustrated, for example, by the reduced number of relics in the ancient riparian zone of the end of the Stone Age - the beginning of the Bronze Age.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[4] 1550—1867 The village of Jääl before Kiiming became independent of the stages of the actual settlement of Jääl, there is almost no printed information, but is included in the whole of the Kiiming keeper.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Immovable settlements in Kiiminki have arisen in the 1550s and according to tax records there were 13 houses in Kiiming village in 1570.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

At that time, the Russian-Swedish border was on the Patti River.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In the years of “Old Wrath” between 1570 and 1595, eight houses were burned down from Kiiming by Karelians.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In the Peace of Tokusinä 1595, Kiiminki was formally annexed to Sweden, after which the settlement was allowed to develop peacefully.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

At the beginning of the 17th century, new lineages came to Kiiminki included Tirit, among others, so the entire manttal house of Tiri mentioned in the tithing list of 1608 is probably the oldest tax house in Kääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In the middle of the 18th century, after “Isovihan” and “Pikikuhan”, settling started again and the splitting of houses also increased the number of houses.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

By 1760, the house of Tiri in Kääli was split and the Kalamäki New House was established.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

At the beginning of the 19th century, Isola and Piltola farms were established and Penttilä waited for tax payment.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The big division was established in Alakiiming, or present-day Kiiming, between 1791 and 1817 and was of great importance to the development of settlement activity.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

When it came to 1860, the holdings of Jussila, Seppälä, Pekkala and Ojala were taxed in Kääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

This phase also includes the houses of Heikkinen, Särkelä and Jääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[3] Since Jääli was not and still is not a village in accordance with the big-division regulation, there is no published information on population development from this period.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[3] 1867—1960 Kiiminki becomes independent and Jääli slowly begins to develop Until 1865, local government in rural areas was organised into churchkeepers, which meant that ecclesiastical and secular matters were decided at keepers meetings chaired by the vicar, each with a tax the paying host had voting power in accordance with his or her number.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Initially, Kiiminki belonged to the Keeper of Ii, but achieved partial independence in 1781, when the king gave his consent to the establishment of the Alakiiming Chapel Congregation.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The parish of Alakiiming, or present-day Kiiming, became fully independent in 1858.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

From the ice, Kiiming Parish purchased a two-barrel column in 1890 as a new cemetery and built a parish home on Ship Canvas in 1977.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The parish and municipality were separated from each other by decree of 1865 and as a municipality Kiiminki was established in 1867.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The use of the municipality's name was faltering, there was talk of when Alakiiming when Kiiming, but beginning in 1880 Kiiminki became established as the name of the municipality.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[3] Traffically, Jääli was already located at the beginning of the 20th century along Kuusamontie.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The old Kuusamontie was a freight road through Pudasjärvi and Kiiming to Oulu.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

There were staging points related to the kestikievari system at Kuusamontie: in Hannus, the kestikievarina was the house of Hannus-Ukko, in the centre, the house of Ukkola near the present Rautabridge.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The break point was Tiri's house and later Jääl's house.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[5] In the decision making of Kiiming Municipality, Jääli has proved problematic early on.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In particular, this has come up in school matters.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

At the beginning of 1916, the Municipal Assembly received a plea from the parents of Ilitic school-age children to 'be allowed to open a higher national school' in September 1916.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The request was rejected by a vote of 687 to 112.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

After an appeal, Governor Enehjelm, under threat of a fine of 200 marks, ordered Kiiming Municipality to open Jäälinkylä Upper Folk School no later than August 1, 1917.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The municipality appealed the governor's decision to the Senate of Finland and the project was left at the feet of greater upheavals.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

During the 1920s, after Finland became independent, they made representations to the municipality about starting school, but to no avail.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The Compulsory Education Act came into force in the early 1920s and on the basis of that, Jääli was listed as its own school district in 1923, but the school did not start in rented premises in Kääl until 17 August 1931.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Their own school building was already completed the following year.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

This was enough for two dozen years.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In 1952 there were already over 80 pupils and the figure was believed to rise by 1955 to 107.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The Board of Trustees made a 1951 motion to build a new school building and received a favorable decision the following year.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

After two years, the new school was complete and the inauguration of the new school in Jääl could be held on 5 December 1954.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

A lending station was opened in connection with the new school in Jääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[6] 1960—1990 construction of the village of Jääl is started to build a town zoned suburb of Jääl In 1965, before the large-scale zoning of the area, Kiiming Municipal Councillor Eino J. Ervasti proposes to get the campus area of the University of Oulu to Kiiminki.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

After the initial clamour, the municipality offered the University of Oulu a plot of land from Jääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

University officials visited the area, but Linnanmaa nevertheless overcame the struggle for a place to invest.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[7] The Jääl water supply plan was already completed in 1968, although the water district opposed the plan due to the incompleteness of the construction formula [8].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The construction formula for Kiiming Municipality Jäälinkylä was started in 1969.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The formula came to be needed, as many years ago the urgency and necessity of the formula had been established.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The planned construction scheme area comprised 280 hehaars and was rated for 2700 residents.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In the formula, mostly detached houses were planned for the area, but there was also a row and space allocated for apartment buildings.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

For the existing inhabitants of the area, the municipal engineering that came with the construction formula was in need, as the only water point in the village had been a fire hydrant located at the national school.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[9] With the construction formula of the Icefall, completed in the early 1970s, the number of inhabitants rose almost exponentially, resulting in an annual increase in the number of pupils at the school by over 20%.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The School Board was in no way willing to believe the growth rates and development projections were correct, and so did not feel favourable about the expansion plans for new school facilities.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

All possible facilities in Kääl had to be taken up for school use and, nevertheless, some pupils had to be transported to other schools in the municipality and also to rely on shift reading.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In the middle of the decade, permission to build a new school was obtained, but as early as completion in 1977 it was far too small.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The school was rated for 240 pupils, but the number of pupils by the time the school graduated was already over 300.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Upon completion of the new school, the lending station in connection with the school changed its name to the Jääl Library and the premises moved to the mall where the library operated until 2016.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[6] At the autumn meeting of the Jääl Small Property Association in 1975, e.g.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

I stayed in postal business.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The meeting obliged the association to submit letters to the Oulu Post Office and demand a substantial improvement in mail carrying.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In addition, the expanding residential area lacked road signs and proper street lighting [10].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Postal affairs were still in 1986 when Lauri Kylmäaho, branch manager Lauri Kylmäaho, postmen's supervisor Lauri Tuorila and Jääl postmaster Aune Seppälä had been invited to the meeting.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Postal services were still operating in the Room Swamp at the time and the Ice Lilics demanded that they be moved closer to the inhabitants of the area [11].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Along with school and postal matters, the key issue that has activated ice lilac has been the attempts and measures to restore our own lake for decades.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In 1982, the first colloquium on the subject was held at Jääl Elementary School to outline the main lines of the refurbishment.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The question would be an increase in the water level of the lake and the dredging of the lake [12].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In the 1980s, Kemira was planning an ore processing plant for the Savukoski Sokli mine in the vicinity of Jääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Association 20yrs.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Based on a newspaper story about the celebrations, the most populous village meeting ever was a three-hour event held in 1987, where 250 ice lilies were to hear about the plans for the location of the Sokli downstream plant in Kemira.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

When realised, the plant would have brought 250 jobs, along with significant fluorine and sulfur dioxide emissions and large mountains of gypsum waste.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The Icilians took a tough backlash in the case, which led to a thorough examination of the case and the cancellation of the decision to invest. [13] [14].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In Vyonna 1988, the Ice Lilies were actively mobilizing for the addition of daycare places in the area, as not enough for all children to be willing.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The reason for the drastic deterioration in the daycare situation was pressures caused by overspending of the housing program in groups of children.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[15] In 1991, the inhabitants of Jääl fought against the planned crushing and asphalt station for Isokangas and expressed concern about the possible location of the landfill in the Oulu region near Jääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[16] Housing Jääli is a vibrant suburban-style area that has grown into a large residential area in recent decades.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Building style Jääli is entirely detached and terraced settlements.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Construction has progressed in stages from Kuusamontie to the end of Jäälinjärvi.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Different areas reflect the building style and manner of each period.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The old Kuusamontie (old Kuusamontie) was built in the 1950s—1960s to the new houses on the shore of Jäälinjärvi.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The fiercest growth and construction was between 1995 and 2000.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In the 2000s, the municipality has limited additional zoning of the Jääl and attempted to direct construction from the vicinity of Kiiming city center to zoned areas.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

However, construction in the Arctic has continued vigorously for private lands.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[3] Schools and Kindergartens Area Schools The Jääl School of Jääl is a wood-frame, brick-upholstered building completed in 1977 and expanded in 1993-1994 [17].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The Jääl School has 1-4lk teaching and Northeast Area Basic Education Custom Learning (POMO) classes.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[18] At graduation, school facilities rated for 240 pupils lagged behind the growth of the region by just over a year after graduation.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

An old wooden school was introduced alongside the Jääl School to ease overcrowding until Jääl School was expanded in 1993-1994.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

At the turn of the millennium, additional space was rented at the Jääl Shopping Centre and the school's afternoon club activities continue to operate in those premises.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[19] The Jääl School has been plagued by various indoor air problems over the past decade.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Already shortly after completion, water roof leaks were identified as the cause of which too fresh water ceiling planking [17] The renovation of the Jääl school has been planned for almost the entire 2000s.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

According to the latest project plan [20], the building has moisture technical problems in the water ceiling, bottom floor and foundation, resulting in the demolition of the entire property.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The school property is also located in a traffically-inconvenient location, as maintenance traffic uses cycle lanes and passenger car traffic runs along the housing streets of the small house area.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The project plan originally drawn up by Kiiming and updated by Oulu decided to propose the construction of a new school in connection with Laivakangas School.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Although the last version of the project plan has already been completed in 2014, the actual design work and the political decision to build the school has moved several years ahead due to the City of Oulu's service network review.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In accordance with the decision of the Oulu City Council of 6 June 2016 [21], new premises will be built in connection with Laivakanka School and work will start in spring 2018.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[22] Laivakankka school Laivakankka school is a single primary school completed in 2007 with grades 5 - 9 from the district of Jääl and Vähäkylä districts.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The school has 420 pupils and 45 staff members [23].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The school building is a concrete frame, brick-clad building consisting of a gym hall and the school building itself.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Upon completion in 2007, it was the largest public investment in the history of Kiiming Municipality.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

[24] [19] Although Jääli was larger in population than Kiiming Church Village in the 1990s, the area did not have its own middle school until the latter part of the first decade of the 21st century.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Icical youths were transported by several buses to Kiiming Church Village for decades, although residents had hoped for a middle school for several decades.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

Along with the scarcity of school facilities, the whole municipality lacked a gym hall, where it was located, there was intense hand-wringing between Jääl and Kiiming.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

In February 2004, the Kiiming Municipal Government decided that the new upper school in Jääl and the Kiiming Municipal Sports Hall would be built on the Laivakanka plot reserved in the city plan [25].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

Ice-Lice

The project was the most expensive investment in the history of Kiiming Municipality and was the subject of “major project” headlines. [19] [24].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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The investment costing EUR 11.5 million was designed so that the gym hall would be ready in 2006 and the school itself for 450-500 pupils rated in 2007 [25] The scope of the gym hall at the start of the design was 500m2, but eventually came to fruition in size of 848m2.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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In accordance with the decision of the Oulu City Council of 6 June 2016 [21], the school will be expanded in 2018-2019 with a new building whose biggest operator will be the current activities of the Jääl School moving to Laivakangas.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Based on the service web statement published by the City of Oulu in November 2017, the term “Jääl service hub” may also be used for Laivakanka's multifunctional building [26].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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The upcoming Jääl service centre will serve as a 1-9lk school, afternoon activities, library, living room for local residents, youth room and sports hall.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Opposite the multifunctional building are the Laivakankka Sports Area, which will be completed in 2018, and the starting point of the Höntämäki-Jääli outdoor route, which will be completed in 2019, with signboards and parking.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Kindergartens Laivakangas kindergarten Laivakangas kindergarten was completed, there was a severe shortage of daycare places in Jääl and several temporary solutions were in use, such as the Käpykolo unit located in the townhouse.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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The Laivakankka kindergarten has 62 seats, a large outdoor yard and is located next to Laivakankka School with good outdoor terrain.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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The kindergarten has its own gym [27] [28].


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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The kindergarten has three care groups and a preschool group: [27] Anchors is a group of children under three years old that employs a kindergarten teacher and two nannies.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Buoys is a group of over three-year-olds, staffed by two kindergarten teachers, a nanny and a group assistant.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Sails is a group of over three-year-olds working with a kindergarten teacher, two nannies and a group assistant.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Lighthouses is a preschool group that also provides full-time care.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Two kindergarten teachers and a nanny work at the lighthouses.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Lighthouses cooperate with Jääl School and Laivakangas School regularly.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Along with full-time care, Laivakangas hosts open early childhood education activities for children in home care.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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The group employs a kindergarten teacher and a nanny.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Satumetsä kindergarten is the only private kindergarten in the Jääl Sub-region, whose activities are divided into three groups: 1) Hattarat; 2) Forest stars and 3) Poplars.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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[29] A kindergarten belonging to the Touhula chain advertises to the residents of the area as a exercise-oriented kindergarten [29], where children move for at least two hours during the day.The fairytale forest offers children guided exercise sessions and self-help movement in kindergarten facilities.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Each of the three groups has their own gym shift and, in addition, the Escari peers attend the school gym to move around.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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In addition, kindergarten around nature and Tuokkosenmäki sports park for camping.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Tuokkonen kindergarten Väkiylä kindergarten Leisure left|miniature|Jälihalli is a private ice rink in the sports area of Jääl.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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The Jääl Sports Hall is located in the immediate vicinity of Jääl Centre Jääl's old sports area and Jäälihalli is located in the immediate vicinity of the Jäälihalli ice rink.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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When completed in 1987, Jäälihalli was the first privately funded ice rink in the Nordic countries.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Today, Käälihalli serves as the office and home arena of Kiimingin-Kiekkopojat ry.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Library and Youth Facilities Until 2017, the Jääl Youth Farm was located in connection with the Laivakankka school and the library was located in Jääl Centre.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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In summer 2017, the City of Oulu renovated the library facilities for Laivakankka School in connection with the youth farm.


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Outside of service hours, the library is a self-help library accessible by library card and ID number.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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[30] Along with the combined library-youth facility, Kiiming Parish provides facilities for young people in connection with the Jääl Chapel.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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Sports halls and halls Laivakangas sports hall Laivakangas sports hall is located in connection with Laivakangas School.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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In the early 2000s, there was intense hand-wringing between the then Kiiming Municipal Centre and Jääl where the gym was located, but eventually the option to be built in connection with Laivakangas School prevailed.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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[31] The boat fabric sports hall can be modified with grandstand structures and intermediate curtains.


Question: Where does the name Ilice come from?

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The floor area of the hall is 848m² and can be divided into three blocks if necessary or connected to the Lower Laivakankka School lobby by opening a transfer wall.