Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

After Mazarin's death, Louis and his ministers reduced, piece by piece, the privileges of Protestants that the monarchy had permitted since 1598.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The abolition of these rights was not a measure made in quick temper, but a slow and soft continuation, as Protestants lacked a competent and charismatic leader who might have competed with the diverse and strong propaganda of the Catholic.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Cultural politics Louis as builder In King Louis XIV's ideas, the greatness of the Kingdom was measured by the awesomeness of its construction.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

As well as gradually expanding throughout his reign the grandiose Palace of Versailles, he also built the Marly Palace to which he could invite his most intimate guests.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

In all his palaces, as in Saint Germain during the early period of his reign, he executed the gardens designed by André Le Nôtre.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

In Paris, he built the Royal Bridge over the Seine (Pont Royal).


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

It was financed from the king's personal funds, which were admittedly collected in taxes from the people.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Other building sites substantially related to the cityscape of Paris included the Champs-Élysées street, the Hôtel des Invalides, or home barracks for war valids and pensioners, and the Vendôme and Victoires squares.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

His interest in the sciences he expressed by building the Paris Observatory.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

These are all still part of the Paris cityscape.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV thoroughly reformed urban structures in Lille, Besançon, Belfort and Briançon, among others; he, you see, entrusted the creation of urban fortifications to Vauban.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Some cities such as Versailles and Neuf-Brisach he either founded or developed to great extent.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

In order to improve the Royal Navy, Louis XIV developed the ports and arsenals of both Brest and Toulon.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He established the war port of Rochefort on the Atlantic shore, but also developed the trading ports of Lorient and Sète, and established a free port and galley fleet in Marseille.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV's works across France also include: the creation of the Comédie-Française, which began in 1680, and the opening of the Midi Canal to traffic in 1681.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

This canal connects the Atlantic and Mediterranean and passes through Toulouse.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

In November 1682, the king laid the foundation stone of the Lycée Louis-le-Grand collège in Paris; the educational institution quickly became very popular and at the same time also prestigious.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

In 1702, he divided Paris into 20 blocks, or arrondissement, and established public street lighting in the city as well as a police force tasked with being on call on the streets of the capital.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV — patron of the arts after Fouquet's arrest, the Sun King wanted to imitate the gloriously luxurious life of his minister.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV was extremely profligate, spending immense sums on the expenditure of the royal court.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He acted as a mesenate and patron of the arts, financially supporting the great cultural figures of his era, such as Molière (as a seal of friendship, he agreed to become the lap godparents of his first child), musician Jean-Baptiste Lully or decorator Charles Le Brun and gardener André Le Nôtre.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He placed the French Academy under his personal supervision, and became a “protecteur” of the academy.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV spent significant sums reforming the Louvre before he had definitively decided to choose Versailles as his royal residence.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He moved to Versailles in 1682 after twenty years of reform and expansion work.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV's lifestyle and cultural pursuits were imitated in almost every court in Europe.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The effects of the life form spread to the bourgeoisie, albeit with diluted and minor references to the original.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The Sun King era is generally considered to be the Baroque era, although in France there is an established denomination of the Louis XIV style and period.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV and women Louis XIV had numerous mistresses, among whom must be mentioned including: Anne de Rohan-Chabot, Princess of Soubise (1641—1709) Catherine-Charlotte de Gramont, Princess of Monaco (1639—1678) Louise Françoise de la Baume le Blanc, Demoiselle de de La Vallière, Duchess of Vaujours (1644—1710) Françoise Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquess of Montespan (1640—1707) Madame de Ludres (1687—1722) Claude de Vin des Œillets (1637—1687) Françoise d'Aubigné, Markigné of Maintenon Sess (1635—1719), to whom he married secretly after the death of his wife, apparently in the autumn of 1683 to Marie Angélique de Scoraille de Roussi, Duchess of Fontanges (1661—1681) As a teenager, Louis XIV encountered Mazarin's niece Marie Mancini, and a great passion arose between them.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

This was contrary to the cardinal's purposes, hence the interest of France, but also for his own interests, he wished to marry his niece to the heir to the Spanish throne.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

In 1670, the writer Jean Racine obtained the subject of the relationship between the king and Marie Mancini for writing the Bérénice—play.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Several stories claim that Catherine de Bauvais would have gained the privilege of taking away the king's boyhood, but historians sharply disagree with the stories.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

In any case, this woman of low descent received immense honour when the king's mother, Anna the Austrian, gifted her the building stones intended for the Louvre site.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

De Bauvais built a private palace of stones in Paris, where it is still located at 68 Place des Vosgues.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The palace thus built is simply just the Bauvais Palace.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Later, as a great female hero, the king built a secret staircase to the Palace of Versailles so that she could join her numerous mistresses secretly and at any time.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

These relationships irritated the religious and bigoted secret society known as the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Jacques Bénigne Bossuet and Mrs. de Maintenon tried to lead the king towards greater virtue.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Marriage of Reason The Spanish accepted on 7 November 1659 the signing of the Peace Treaty of the Pyrenees.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The treaty carefully laid down the border between France and Spain in the Pyrenees.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV accepted, perhaps reluctantly, the observance of the articles of the treaty, even that he was expected to marry the infanta Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche (1638—1683).


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Marie-Thérèse was the daughter of Philip IV, King of Spain, and Elisabeth, Princess of France.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The marriage took place in the Basque Country, in the town of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, on 9 June 1660.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV had been acquainted with his future spouse just three days earlier.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

This did not speak French at all, but gossip reports that Louis fulfilled his manly duties with fervor, in the presence of witnesses.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The question of succession The problems of succession to power and at the same time also the health of Louis XIV became relevant towards the end of the reign.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

In 1711, his son Louis (“Grand Dauphin”) died of smallpox at the age of 49.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The following year Louis XIV's grandson, Duke Louis of Burgundy (1682—1713), who had become a dauphin after his father's death, and his second son Duke Louis of Brittany both died of measles.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The eldest son of the Duke of Burgundy had died as early as 1705.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He was left with only one son, the Duke of Anjou, the future Louis XV.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The second son of the Grand dauphin, a Spanish lineage, was elected King of Spain in 1700, taking the title Philip V.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

At the same time, he renounced all his claims to the French crown in the so-called. In connection with the War of the Spanish Succession and the Peace of Utrecht that ended it.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Thus Louis XIV realized his dream of having a member of the Bourbon dynasty of his own lineage on the Spanish throne.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Despite several changes, the House of Bourbon has retained possession of the Spanish crown right up to our days, and King Felipe VI is thus a descendant of Louis XIV in a direct descending knee.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

French lineage As for the rest of the succession, Charles the Duke of Berry (born.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

1686) died in 1714.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Apart from the Spanish lineage, Louis XIV's only legitimate male heir was the Duke of Anjou, Louis's great-grandson.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He was a small boy born in 1710 and of poor health.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

When there were none left but a very small number of so-called blood princes belonging to the younger branches of the House of Bourbon, King Louis XIV decided to strengthen the royal family by regularising the succession as well as Louis August Burbon, Duke of Maine, and Louis, Count of Toulouse Alexandren, who were the king's illegitimate children from an affair with Mrs. de Montespan.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

However, the king's legitimate direct descendant, Count of Anjou, became dauphin and eventually ruler under the name Louis XV.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The duties of regent for the sake of his underage had been entrusted to Philip of Orléans (1674—1723), who was Louis XIV's nephew and son-in-law.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Last stages As an old man, the Sun King had many diseases that doctors tried to cure according to the best knowledge of the time.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

However, they only worsened the patient's condition.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

One treatment involved pulling teeth out of the mouth and being offered ground squats and eating icy fruit as medicine.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The most recent ailment was gangrene, and it was being medicated with donkey milk.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

[2] When the monarch felt his end was near, he asked his grandson, the future Louis XV, to join him and gave him important advice.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

The advice read: 'Don't love, like me, building art and wars.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

On the contrary, try to live in peace with your neighbors...


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Listen to good advice and follow them, try to improve the living conditions of the people, which, unfortunately, I was never able to do...” You can see this as honest self-accounts of a dying monarch.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

[3] Louis XIV died at the age of 76 on 1 September 1715 from septicemia caused by necrosis in his leg.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He would have turned 77 in four days.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He is said to have declared on his deathbed, “I will leave, but the state will always be preserved”.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV's reign had lasted 72 years and one hundred days, and was indeed one of the longest reigns of all time.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He was buried with all possible ecclesiastical sacraments dedicated to the “most Christian king”, and his grave was located in the basilica of the Abbey of Saint-Denis.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

During the French Revolution, the tomb of Louis XIV was looted by rebels and the remains of the king were lost.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

According to one story, at a dinner in Britain, the host presented his guests with a rare valuable item: the embalmed heart of Louis XIV, France's sun king, which he reportedly bought from revolutionaries.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Also among the guests was William Buckland, a priest and pedagogue known for his peculiar eating habits.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

He could offer his own guests a field mouse, a crocodile, a penguin or even a puppy.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

On seeing Louis's heart, he stated: “I have eaten many strange things in my life, but never the heart of a king.” Then he grabbed the organ in his fork and ate it.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Descendants Louis XIV had numerous descendants both conjugal and extramarital.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

With his spouse Maria-Teresa of Austria, the king had five children, two sons and three daughters, only one of whom lived beyond childhood: Louis (1661—1711) or “Grand Dauphin” Marie-Thérèse (1667—1672) Anne-Elisabeth (1662—1662) Louis de France (1667—1683) Marie-Anne (1664— 1664— 1664).


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

With his mistresses, Louis XIV had 16 or 17 children, eight of whom gained official child status: From the union with Mlle de La Vallière, six children were born, two of whom reached adulthood and were formalized: Marie Anne de Bourbon, who was called “The First of Blois Mademoiselle” (2 October 1666 — 3 May 1739), legalised (13 April 1667), married (16 January 1680) Louis Armand I of Bourbon-Conti.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis de Bourbon, Count of Vermandois (3 October 1667 — 18 November 1683), legalized (February 1669).


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

With Françoise Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquisess of Montespan, the king had eight children, six of whom were legitimized and four lived until adulthood: Louis Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine (31 March 1670 — 14 May 1736), legalized (20 December 1673), and he married Anne-Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé on 19 March 1692.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Seven children were born from this marriage, all of whom died leaving no offspring.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louise Françoise de Bourbon, who was called “Mademoiselle de Nantes” (1 June 1673 — 16 June 1743), legitimized (20 December 1673), she married on 24 July 1685 to Louis III de Bourbon-Condé, Duke of Bourbon and 6th Prince of Condé.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Nine children were born from this marriage.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, who was called “The Second Mademoiselle of Blois” (4 May 1677 — 1 February 1749), legitimized (November 1681), she married (18 February 1692) Philippe, the future regent, Duke of Orléans.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse (6 June 1678 — 1 December 1737), legitimized (November 1681), he married on 22 February 1723 Marie Victoire de Noailles and from this marriage one son was born.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Literature in English Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Louis Bertrand| title = Louis XIV's Love Adventures: 1—2 part| publisher = Patria| year = 1926}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| author = Carl Grimberg| title = History of Peoples (Part 15-16) | publisher = WSOY| year = 1958}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vincent Cronin| title = Louis XIV: king and human| publisher = Otava| year = 1969}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nancy Mitford| title = Sun King| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1979| id = IS| BN 951-35-1968-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Claude Duneton| title = Sun King: Louis XIV's Childhood | publisher = Otava| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-1-08990-0}}} Films Roberto Rossellini: La Prise du pouvoir par Louis XIV, 1967 Bernard Broderini: Merveilleuse Angélique, 1965 Randal Wallace: The Man in the Iron Mask, 1998 Gérard Corbiau: Le Roi danse, 2000 Roland Joffé: Vatel.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

2000 George Blagden: “Versailles” (series), 2015— Sources Biographies Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Yves Marie Bercé| title = Louis XIV| publisher = Cavalier Bleu| year = 2005| id = ISBN 2-84670-122-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lucien Ben Bély| title = Louis XIV premier d'entre les roi| publisher = Gisserot| year = 2005| id = ISBN 2-87747-772-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = François Bluche| title = Louis XIV premier d'entre les roi| publisher = Hachette| year = 1999| id = ISBN 2-0271-89| 87-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jean-Christian Petitfils| title= Louis XIV| publisher = Perrin| year = 1995| id = ISBN 2-235-02314-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gérard Sabatier| title = Versailles ou la figure du roi| publisher = Albin Michel| year = 1999| | id = ISBN 2- 226-10472-0}} Syntheses written by Voltaire — 1751 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Olivier Chaline| title = Le régne de Louis XIV| publisher = Flammarion| year = 2005| id = 2082105180}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pierre Goubert| author = Pierre Goubert| title = Le Louis XIV| year = 1998| id = 2253905453)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Joel Cornette| title = Chronique du règne de Louis XIV| publisher = SEDES| year = 1997| id = 2718190116}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hubert Methivier| title = Le siècle de Louis XIV| publisher = PUF| year = 1995| id = ISBN 2-253-90545-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = André Corvisier| title = La France de Louis XIV Ordre intérieur et place en Europe| publisher = SEDES| year = 1994| id = ISBN 2-7181-3676-3676-6}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = François Bluche| title = Le temps de Louis XIV| publisher = Hachette| year = 1994| id = ISBN 2-01-235105-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ragnhild Hatton| title = L'Époque de Louis XIV| publisher = Flammarion| year = 1992| | id = ASIN 2080609904}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Robert Mandrou| title = Louis XIV en son temps| publisher = PUF| year = 1990| id = ISBN 2-13-035864-0}} Monographs Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Faruk Bilici| title = Louis XIV et son projet de conquête d'Istanbul| publisher = Turk Tarih Kurumu| year = 2004| id = ISBN 975-16-1701-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Daniel Dessert| title = 1661, Naissance d'un mythe?


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV prend le pouvoir| publisher = Complexe| year = 2000| id = ISBN 2-87027-792-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peter Burke| title= Louis XIV: les stratégies de la gloire| publisher = Seuil| year = 1998| id = ISBN 2-02-02063| publisher = Seuil| year = 1998| id = ISBN 2-02-02063| publisher = Seuil| year = 1998| id = ISBN 2-02-02068-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pierre Goubert| title = Louis XIV et vingt millions de français| publisher = Hachette| year= 1998| id = ISBN 2-01-278870-X}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| author = Hervé Hasquin| title = Louis XIV à face l'Europe du Nord| publisher = Racin| publisher = Racin| title = Louis XIV à face l'Europe du Nord| publisher = Racin| = 1995| id = ISBN 2- 87386-390-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jean Meyer| title = 1638 la naissance de Louis XIV| publisher = Complexe| year = 1989| id = ISBN 2-87027-303-7}} Science Picture History, 5/2013, Bonnier Publications Oy References on the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who ruled Louis XIV before?

Louis XIV

On the pages of the castle of Versailles (in French) Category:French rulers Category:Born in 1638 Class:Those who died in 1715 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Deciduous forest is a vegetation zone predominantly occurring in the temperate zone.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Temperate zone forests are not as diverse as subtropical forests and rainforests, but still it is one of the most diverse biomes on Earth.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Deciduous forests in the temperate zone are typically summer vegetable deciduous and mixed forests, where the tree layer is formed for most of the winter by deciduous trees dripping their leaves.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Conifers are less common than deciduous trees, but they can be found too.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Conifers become more common as they go north and when they are so north that they exist as forest populations, the boreal zone, which is its own biome, has been reached.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Mixed and deciduous forests of the temperate zone are characterized by different expressiveness of different seasons: autumn color shine and abundance, winter hardiness, spring flowering color shine and summer lushness.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Distribution and distribution in the Temperate deciduous and mixed forest zone has been visible from time immemorial to a strong deforestation effect of human activities.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The deciduous forests of Central Europe and the United States have long ago been widely felled, although in a few places representative larger areas of forest have survived, for example as hunting grounds for royalty, or in places that have been difficult to exploit, for example for farming or construction.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Summer vegetable deciduous forests of the temperate zone are found in the central and western regions of Europe, East Asia and North America.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In Europe, they grow in countries such as Germany, France, eastern Poland, the northern Balkans, northern Spain, the British Isles, Denmark and the very southernmost Sweden (Skåne).


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Mixed forests of the temperate zone represent the more northerly part of temperate forests and are also grown further south, mainly in the mountains.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The area is also referred to as the hemiboreal zone.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In mixed forests, not only deciduous trees, but also coniferous trees grow.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In Europe, it includes the whole of Belarus, eastern Poland, a thin strip of Russia in an east-west direction, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, the low-lying southern coast of Norway, a region from Sweden to the northern borders of Skåne, and from Finland the southern half of the Porvoo-Uusikaupunki line and the whole Åland Islands.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In North America, mixed forests of the temperate zone grow mostly on the northern shores of the Great Lakes.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In addition, mixed and deciduous forests in the temperate zone can be divided into other smaller local areas.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In Europe, the local areas of the deciduous forest zone are: Sarmatic mixed forest, or European hemiboreal forest zone, also in Finland.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

[1] Baltic mixed forests (southern shores of the Baltic Sea, south of the hemiboreal) [1] Atlantic coastal deciduous forests [1] Celtic deciduous forests (British Isles) [1] Inland broadleaf forests of west-central Europe [1] Eastern European deciduous forests [1] Eastern European forest steppe [1] Pannonic mixed and deciduous forests [1] Southern deciduous forests of Cantabria (Spain) [1] Balkan mixed forests [1] More simply, European deciduous forest areas can be divided into five broader groups: Atlantic, continental, forest steppe, hemiboreal mixed forests and sub-Mediterranean.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Atlantic deciduous forests receive abundant annual rainfall, and many species of temperate and humid climates grow in the area, for example mistletoe.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

On the other hand, plant species that require a more continental climate are not entertained there.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In the region, summers are cool and winters very mild.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The area of occurrence of Atlantic deciduous forests include Denmark, Britain, Ireland, France, Belgium, northern Spain and the Netherlands.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Continental deciduous forests are slightly drier and the climate more rigorous than in Atlantic forests, but still the forests are dense and lush.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Their area of occurrence is Central and Eastern Europe.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The forest steppes are drier than the previous ones, steppe and deciduous forest phasing zone.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

It is found mostly in Eastern Europe, Ukraine and Russia, as well as in mountain rain cover in Hungary.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Hemiboreal mixed forests are a phasing area of boreal coniferous forests and deciduous forests in the north where mixed coniferous and deciduous forest species grow.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In Finland, only the southern coast from Uusikaupunki to the Lohjanjärvi region and from there through Lake Tuusula to Porvoo belongs to this region.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Sub-Mediterranean deciduous forests are a narrow phasing zone between Mediterranean vegetation and deciduous forests.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In them grow mixed Mediterranean leather-leafed deciduous and coniferous and deciduous trees of the deciduous forest zone summer vegetable.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In North America, deciduous forest areas can also be roughly divided into five regions: East Coast Atlantic forests, inland continental forests to the east, forest prairie, Great Lakes hemiboreal mixed forests, and semi-subtropical forests to the south.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Climate The climate of the deciduous forest is defined by a certain amount of precipitation, temperature and defined minimum and maximum temperature values.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Temperate deciduous forest requires an average annual temperature of 5—15°C to grow.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

There is an accompanying subtropical in the upper boundary.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Rainfall is 500—2000 mm.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Deciduous forest can be dry, semi-arid, moist, or even temperate rainforest.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Temperate deciduous forest requires a fairly mild climate and at least moderately abundant rain, between 500 and 1530 millimeters per year.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The lowest rainfall limit in a deciduous forest depends on the temperature, in the warmer it is 890 mm, in the cooler it is 500 mm.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

This, on the other hand, is due to evaporation.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

It rains steadily throughout the year in the deciduous forest zone, as it is usually located in the middle of the westerly wind zone.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In contrast, in the coniferous forest zone, the rainiest is in summer and autumn.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The climate of the deciduous forests of England and France is maritime, cool-summer and warm-temperate.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The average temperature is above 10 °C.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The warmest month above 10 °C and coldest month above −15 °C.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The Köppen climate classification is Cfb and the U.S. southeastern Cfa and Eastern Europe the more continental Dfb.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In the deciduous forest zone, the land is a rich nutrient brown crop.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In mixed forests, the landform varies from region to region between lignite and podsol dose.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Vegetation In deciduous and mixed forests, species abundance and diversity is greater than in coniferous forests, where only a few species grow and live in abundance.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In Europe, typical tree species of summer vegetable deciduous forests include linden, alder, willows, birches, European hazel and, winter vitamin, oak, ash, beech, such as European beech, and hornbeam, maples such as forest maple, niverwort maple and mountain maple and elms such as leaf elm, pen elm and mountain elm.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Rarer tree species are apple trees, which thrive best in more open areas bordering steppe and deciduous and mixed forests.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In deciduous forests, the canopy varies between 10 and 25 m, most often there is a shrub layer underneath it and a sparse field layer under the shrub layer where mainly herbaceous plants grow.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

For example, a North German forest where tree species include oak, birch, hornbeam and maple, hazel bush on the shrub, tree seedlings and blackberries, and on the field floor seedlings, anemone, anemone, immature, pinewort, mushrooms, ferns, cuckoo, and thunderpipe, there are few climbing plants around the trees.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In North America and East Asia, tree species are different from those in Europe, but represent the same genera.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In addition to them, hickories, tulip trees, noble nut trees and ginkgo trees are found in Asia and North America.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Deciduous forests have different forest types, which are always dominated by certain ocean species.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

One square kilometre of deciduous forest area can contain dozens of different forest types.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

What type of forest will develop in any area depends on the humidity, altitude, low climate and nutrients of the site.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

For example, in Europe, the common alder ash cavity develops on a site with low water and a lot of nutrients all year round.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

A maple-elm type often develops on the stems of gloomy forest streams.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

On low-lying dense loamy soils, an oak-birch type develops.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

On the other hand, a drought-tolerant pine-oak-dominated forest develops on the dry sandy ridge, or keto.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Beech forest often develops on calcareous, moist and nutrient-rich slopes, and for the less nutrient oak-linden type forest.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

On a low-lying site with rich nutrient spongy soils and groundwater flowing near the ground, most often an ash-dominated forest develops.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

On a similar site without high groundwater, a motley oak-hornbeam-beech elm type forest would grow.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

All these types of forest that have just been listed may be found in one single area of land of a few hectares, provided that the conditions for their formation are appropriate.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In certain forest types, in addition to dominant species, few tree species typical of other forest types may grow.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Each type of forest has its own species of mammals, insects, fungi and birds.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Oak opsa wing, squirrel, jackdaw, jay, oak mouse and oxtongue thrive in oak-dominated forests.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Forests with a bush layer of hazel thrive include hazel chipper and hazel mouse, as well as numerous hazel-dependent fungal and insect species.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

One forest type most often contains 1 to 3 dominant tree species, as well as several species of sparser numbers.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

When a large tree or group of trees in the forest repents or dies, for example from an epidemic of disease, fire or felled by a storm, a hole suddenly enters the forest from which light flows to the bottom.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Many grasses that value darkness regress, but in this case the seed bank that has been pouring at the foot of the tree for years in the ground also wakes up, and the gap is quickly overrun by many grasses needing light, for example, many flowers and grasses.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Next, the space is taken up by fast-growing short-lived light-requiring pioneer trees such as birch and alder, while seedlings of climax stage trees under fallen mother trees slowly begin to grow.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

They are moderately tolerant of shade when young, eventually displacing pioneer trees.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Thus passes deciduous forest succession.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

From initial to end point, rapidly regenerating deciduous forests can often be reached as early as 30-40 years.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Undergrowth is low in the forest in summer, only shade preference for horsetail, penanemones, buckthorn leaves and ferns thrive there.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In North America, the sassafras shrub thrives at the bottom of forest deciduous forests.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In spring, forest beds fill with harsh winter traces of spring blooms, which include anemone, blue anemone, spring piglet, daffodils, cuckoo rickets, snowdrop, eyelet, sumpede, eastern blue lily, and yellow anemone.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In autumn, deciduous trees in mixed and deciduous forests drip their leaves.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In some species such as maples and linden trees, the rusk is colourful, while the rusk of many oaks is unpretentious.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Summer green deciduous forest produces plant biomass 13 tonnes per hectare and contains plant matter 300 tonnes per hectare, mixed forests have slightly lower yields.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

This means that the summer vegetable deciduous forest is very productive.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Most of the biomass is found in tree trunks, for example.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Fauna of European temperate deciduous forests Mammal fauna is described by rats and mice, sleepy animals such as walnut mouse and oak mouse, wild boar, red deer, fox, hedgehog, squirrels and badgers.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Many larger species of deciduous forests were hunted to extinction by man including the primer, visent and wild horse.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

At the same time, the great beasts of the region, such as the lynx and the wolf, were thinning out.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The bear has completely disappeared from low-lying areas and is preserved only in the Carpathians and the Alps.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Wild horses and visents are no longer found in a few Eastern European national parks.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The reptile and amphibian species in the European deciduous forest region is moderately abundant.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The roaring frog, edible frog, roaring villain, toad, green villain, European leaf frog, prospector frog, and cloak frog live in the area.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Reptiles include viper, brass, guerrilla lizard, bush snake, cloth snake, and beach snake.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The North American fauna greatly resembles the European equivalent, but the species are different.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

For example, instead of badgers in America, you meet American badgers.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

The grey squirrel is America's equivalent of the European squirrel.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Groups of animals that do not exist in Europe also live in the area, such as possums, raccoons and skunk species.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Various salamander species are found in abundance among amphibians, which are abundant in the Appalachians, for example.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

In Asia, the fauna of the deciduous forest area include the isopanda and the Japanese macaque, the most northerly monkey species in the world.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Also, the tiger has originally appeared in a large area of China deciduous forest.


Question: Is there more deciduous forest or spruce forest in Finland?

The deciduous forest

Sources Category:Vegetation zones Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Continuation War was fought between Finland and the Soviet Union from 25 June 1941 to 19 September 1944.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Continuation war was fought on the Finnish front at the same time as Germany was carrying out a widespread invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Finnish front had been divided between German and Finnish forces, with the Finns in charge of the Southern Front and the Germans for the Lapland Front.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland was not, by law, an ally of Germany, as there was no treaty of alliance.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Instead, Finland was effectively an ally of Germany, giving its territory at German disposal, subjecting its forces to Germany, and receiving arms aid from Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

At the beginning of the war, on the southern front section, Finnish troops recaptured areas lost in the Winter War and advanced across Syyr and the Leningrad defensive lines.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In December 1941, the offensive was halted and a station warfare phase that lasted more than two years began.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The northern front sections were unable to obtain the severed Muurmann track and the German forces were unable to advance on Murmansk.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive in June 1944 broke through the Finns' foremost defensive lines.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

After heavy interceptor fighting, the guns were lowered to 4—5.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Moscow Intermediate Peace was signed on 19 September 1944 and confirmed in the Peace of Paris 1947.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The intermediate peace terms of the Continuation War included, among other things, forcing German troops out of Finland, leading to the Lapland War against Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Pre-war events The peace in Moscow, which ended the Winter War in March 1940, was not peace in the truest sense of the word.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Europe was at war and Finland remained under martial law as well.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

During peacetime, the 100000 members of the lifting crew who remained untrained were ordered to enter service and their military training in the final stages of the Winter War to increase the low perceived reserve was commenced.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Squad leaders who had rehabilitated in the Winter War were asked to remain as loyal sub-officers for the training mission.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland was targeting an internationally identified possible maximum of the population, which could be disconnected from other duties to army service, i.e. 16%.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In the case of Finland, this was considered sufficient only for the operational defence of the entire eastern border.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

General Aksel Airo had written a book on the subject after the Winter War, Honor - Motherland, in which he considered Finland's own defence possibilities superficially viewed only in the light of numbers to be almost non-existent.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Foreign countries' estimates of Finland's defence capabilities before the Winter War were based on the same criteria.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[1] Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April 1940 and quickly captured the countries.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In May, Germany invaded France.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The northern part of the country was occupied directly by Germany and the southern part was formed by the German-controlled Vichy government, which refused to continue fighting.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Britain prepared for major air battles to prevent extensive German bombardment aimed at capturing the British Isles against it.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Baltic Sea had been closed by the Soviet Union and Germany, the only free passage to the oceans for foreign trade was the troublesome and long Liinahamar route to Petsamo.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

When Germany had also occupied Northern Norway by mid-June, Finland's physical isolation was almost complete: Germany would have been able to quickly cut off Finland's last open foreign trade route to the west if it wished, [2] and the same could have been done by the Soviet Fishermen and From the central blockade.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In June 1940, following the German takeover of Denmark, Norway and finally France, the Soviet Union began pressuring Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The first demand was to recover all equipment taken away from the Karelian Isthmus and Hanko rental area.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

A stake in Petsamo's nickel mines was also called for.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In July, the Soviet Union made a demand for the demilitarization of Åland, and the right to train transport across Finnish territory to Hanko.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[2] The agreement for transit from Finland's eastern border to Hankoniemi was signed in early September.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not reduce its pressure on Finland until early spring the following year.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[3] The political climate during the intermediate peace was pressing; for example, the demonstrations and the resulting riots of the Finnish and Soviet Peace and Friendship Society and the downshooting of the Aero airliner Kaleva in the Gulf of Finland in June 1940 at the same time as the occupation of the Soviet Union The Baltic States, was perceived very strongly in Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland was in a tight gap in foreign policy when Norway and the Baltics were overrun, Germany and the Soviet Union were in a diplomatic state of peace with each other, and Sweden's proposed confederation with Finland in October 1940 fell into opposition from the Soviet Union and Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Red Army Staff had issued instructions to the Leningrad Military District for a new war against Finland on 18 September 1940.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The order was further refined on 25 November with the requirement to draw up an attack plan in case of a situation in which Finland would be the enemy alone.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Baltic Fleet drew up a plan to take over Åland and the forces of the Hanko base were transferred under the Leningrad Military District and its defensive direction was reversed on 12 November 1940 parallel to the mainland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In the Soviet Union, the management of Finnish affairs was transferred to the Main Administration of State Security (GUGB) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Ministry), and in addition, invasion forces began to be transferred to their grouping areas.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov visited Berlin in November to ask German leader Adolf Hitler for consent to the occupation of Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, as the Germans had already included Finland in their invasion plans Hitler warned the Soviet Union to stay out of Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The rapprochement of Finland and Germany on 6 September 1940 Finland concluded a transit agreement with the Soviet Union for traffic to Hanko.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In August 1940, Field Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim, Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces, received an intelligence from Germany to allow the transit of German troops from ports in the Gulf of Bothnia to Kirkenes.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

At the same time, it was announced that it was possible for Finland to buy military equipment from Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Transit agreement: On 12 September, the Finnish General Staff and the German Air Force agreed to transport Luftwaffe crew and equipment through Finnish territory.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

A political agreement between the states on 22 September also allowed for transport by German land forces.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

A further increase in holiday traffic was negotiated in October.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The first troops came ashore at Vaasa on the 22nd and 26 in Oulu.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[4] The ore of the Kolo River in Petsamo, Germany considered vital to its war industry and Petsamo as a necessary stepping stone for the invasion of Murmansk.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union, on the other hand, after the end of the Winter War, felt no interest in Petsamo's nickel reserves, nor Petsamoo as a military territory.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[5] When the German authorities were planning to integrate Scandinavia into their own economic area, Finland was also included from April 1940, even though the country was part of the Soviet Union's interest.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[6] The situation at the nickel mine changed sharply in July 1940 with the Finnish and German I.G.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

With the agreement reached by Farbenindustrie.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Negotiations had been taking place since the spring, with the deal promising Germany 60% of production.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

German negotiators reported the ore to Berlin to be worth more than RM1 billion and enough for 20 years to cover the entire nickel need of Greater Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Late in the year, the Germans increased the ore volume estimate fourfold.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

After negotiations began, the Soviet Union already proposed the transfer of the mine concession to itself in June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Soviet forces intensified the claim by grouping to the frontier, and fortifying the Fishermen's blockade.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

England took a steeply negative view of mining negotiations with Germany, halting Liinahamar merchant ships.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland negotiated with everyone in a politically tight gap.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Finns negotiated in tense moods in Moscow seven times, until February 1941 without agreeing to the Russians' demands.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviets also negotiated with Germany until March 1941, unsuccessfully.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[5] In protest, the Soviet Union stopped its exports to Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[7] Soon 90% of foreign trade was handled through Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Military cooperation between Finland and Germany began with negotiations between the countries' highest military command in the winter of 1940—1941.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Chiefs of General Staff held talks in Berlin in January.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Among other things, the Germans inquired about how long it took Finland to get its army to the border with the Soviet Union, and also received a response.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

From February 1941, road construction and reconnaissance cooperation with the Germans were conducted in Lapland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

German troops began arriving in Finland, which eventually reached 40,000 when the Continuation War broke out.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

During February—March, the Germans engaged in systematic reconnaissance in northern Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In April 1941, an engineering company in Ratas began to recruit volunteers for the Finnish battalion of the Waffen-SS's Wiking Division.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Enlistment continued into June 1941.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The first recruits left for Germany for training in May 1941.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[8] On 25 May 1941, during Operation Barbarossa and Finland, the Finnish Supreme Military Command visited the German General Staff in Salzburg, where a German military delegation led by General Alfred Jodl explained the planned invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Germans presented a plan of cooperation between German and Finnish combat forces.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland was asked to commit Soviet forces on its borders and participate in the offensive against Leningrad.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

During further negotiations between different types of weapons in Berlin 26—28.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On May technical and tactical information was exchanged.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[9] A transit permit was issued for German troops through northern Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The attack plan included the use of Finnish territory.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In particular, Finnish Lapland played an important role in taking control of Murmansk with the Germans aiming for the Arkhangelsk equality.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In the south, the attention of the Germans was drawn to the Gulf of Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, so that the recapture of Leningrad and its complete destruction would have become possible.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In May, the Finnish Supreme Command decided to take part in Germany's planned war expedition against the Soviet Union.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

At the beginning of June, Germany was informed of the terms of participation: Finland should remain independent in future, Germany had to attack first, and only after the Soviet Union began the war effort would join the Finnish front.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[10] On 3 June 1941, during negotiations with Germany in Helsinki, it was agreed that, with Finland going to war with the Soviet Union, Germany would come to Finland's aid.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

At the same time, negotiations in Kiel agreed to joint war efforts, including mining the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, when war broke out.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Ore and Uti airfields were made available to the German Air Force even before the war.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Beginning on 7 June 1941, German troops intended for the invasion began arriving in Finnish ports.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On June 15, 1941, Mannerheim subjugated General Siilasvuo's army corps in northern Finland under German control.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On 18 June 1941, Finnish Air Force aircraft were painted yellow Eastern Front insignia in accordance with the German Luftwaffe.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On 22 June 1941, Germany launched the offensive and, as previously agreed, used Finnish airspace and airfields to bomb the Soviet Union.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[11] The Germans began grouping invasion forces in northern Finland during the first week of June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finnish protective forces began moving into their positions on June 10, 1941, on June 17 a general mobilization was declared in Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On June 21, the government ordered 45,000 residences on the Soviet borders to be evacuated.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Transfers of German troops to Northern Finland Preparations for the arrival of German troops began immediately.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Arrangements were handled under the guise of transit organisation, and German forces were not authorized to move east of the Arctic Oceans until 18 June, when it was thought preparations for the invasion east had already been exposed anyway.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Two divisions of German troops, 20,000 men from Stettin and 10600 men from Oslo, were shipped to Oulu and transferred as train transports to Rovaniemi.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Shipings began on 5 June and the last troops were at Rovaniemi on 14 June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On 7 June, SS Division Nord began a march from Norway along the Arctic Sea Road via Vuoso and Sodankylä to Rovaniemi.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The passing march of the 8000—9000 man strong division's vehicle column lasted 10 hours.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The division was at Rovaniemi on 10 June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

A total force of 40600 men was concentrated in the Rovaniemi region, from where on 18 June they began moving towards Salla.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[12] The German Norwegian Army Staff moved to Rovaniemi on 15 June, Army commander Colonel General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst arrived a week later.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Two days after the HQ, Luftwaffe aircraft landed in Rovaniemi.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Of the corps, two mountain divisions (2nd and 3rd)


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

moved from Norway to Petsamo only on 22 June, [13] [14] for preparations German pioneers in civilian attire had already been allowed into the country a day earlier.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Petsamo's German divisions began an attack towards Murmansk on 29 June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Events just before the start of the war by order of the Finnish Air Force Staff, automatic morsing equipment was installed in the Lahti Radio Station and Turku and Oulu radio masts on 21 June for radio navigation of German bombers.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[15] According to Dr. Hannu Valtonen, who studied aviation history, German bombers flew at night 21—22.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

June from East Prussia through southern Finnish airspace to the north of Ladoga and thence south to the Leningrad region, where Germany and the Soviet Union engaged in the first air battles of the operation after about three o'clock in the early hours of the morning.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The German bombers then flew to Utt, Finland, where they refueled and from where they continued on to their home fields in East Prussia.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[16] 21—22.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

During the night between, the Germans in cooperation with the Finnish State Police took over the Soviet consulate in Petsamo and the Finns arrested the entire staff of the consulate and their families.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The German Gestapo confiscated the consulate's archives for examination and later forwarded them to Valpo.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[17] The German naval forces were taking advantage of Finnish territory, they had been relying on the Finnish coast and ports since mid-June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[16] The Finnish warfare command had already ordered the U-boat squadron on 17 June to take part in mining the Estonian coast and on the evening of 21 June the U-boat squadron received an execution order for its mission.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, Finnish submarines and Finnish and German ships began mining the Gulf of Finland to prevent the free passage of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The effort was to ensure that the Soviet fleet would not be able to distract from the Gulf of Finland to the flank of the Germans' land front to the Baltics, and to prevent an attack on Åland, the control of which was vital for Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, the mining was extended off Soviet-occupied Estonia (including Tallinn).


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finnish submarines laid mines on the Estonian coast between 7:28 a.m. and 9:06 a.m. on 22 June 1941.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[18] [19] When information arrived in Finland about the start of the German invasion, the Finnish Navy immediately began Operation Kilsailing, i.e. the transfer of troops to the demilitarised Åland Islands.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Soviet aircraft carried out the first air attack of the war against the Finns after attacking warships involved in this operation as well as coastal forts at 6:05am on 22 June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In addition, artillery fire began from Hanko to Porsöhu, Storholm and the mainland at 6:50am [20] Adolf Hitler declared in a radio speech on 22 June that Finland would fight together (Im Verein) with Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland announced that it would remain neutral in foreign policy, but Hitler's speech was embarrassing for the country's leadership, it signaled to the world that Finland was allied with Germany in the war against the Soviet Union.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[21] These actions also led the Soviet Union to initiate military action against Finland, as it considered Finland to allow its territory to be used to attack itself.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Despite the coordinated naval warfare initiated with Germany and the army stationed by Germany from the level of Nurmes as far as Petsamoo, Finland declared that it remained neutral in foreign policy.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] The course of the war The war begins Soviet attacks against Finland began at 06:05 on 22 June, when the Soviet Union bombed a Finnish naval division at sea.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Subsequently, on the same day, Finland participated in the mining of the southern Gulf of Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On the same day Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

German planes returning from the bombing flight stopped in Finnish territory for refueling.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviets responded by bombing Finnish military targets in Finland with aircraft and cannons.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland refrained from returning fire and tried to assert neutrality in the new war.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

A significant war effort was avoided between Finland and the Soviet Union for a few days.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On June 24, 1941, the Soviet Union evacuated its legation in Helsinki.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[11] On 25 June 1941, the Soviet Air Force bombed Helsinki, Turku and Porvoo, as well as a dozen other localities, with about 500 planes, of which 27 planes were shot down on Finnish territory.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Based on these bombings and past events, in its communique to parliament, the government had reached the conclusion that the country had fallen into a state of war.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

This position was adopted by Parliament [27].


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On the same day 25.6, Prime Minister Jukka Rangell stated on the radio that Finland was again at war with the Soviet Union.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

War was declared on 26 June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Finnish army and German troops in Finland began a ground offensive.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Finnish army launched a major offensive in Ladoga Karelia in the direction of Korpiselä on 10 July with its focus on the left wing.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The brunt of the attack was the advance of the 1st Ice Brigade, commanded by Colonel Ruben Lagus, which reached the shores of Ladoga within days.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[28] By the end of August, the Karelian Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Erik Heinrichs had reached the limits preceding the Winter War.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Finnish people who experienced the Winter War were, with rare unanimity, behind the country's leadership and the reclamation of lost Karelia.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The new war was seen as a continuation war of the Winter War, aimed at righting the wrong suffered.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[21] On several occasions the Soviet Union demanded Britain declare war on Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent Marshal Mannerheim a personal, private and secret letter expressing regret that Britain will soon have to declare war on Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Churchill also urged Finland not to cross the old border.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The letter is preserved at Britain's Imperial War Museum.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[29] Britain severed diplomatic relations on 1 August and threatened with war on 22 September unless the advance was cut off.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Following Finland's accession to the Anti-Comintern Treaty on 25 November, Britain filed an ultimatum demanding a cessation of hostilities by 5 December.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

After remaining without a satisfactory response, London announced on Finnish Independence Day, 6 December, a declaration of war on Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Relations with foreign countries deteriorated as Finnish forces advanced.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, the actual war effort between the two countries was already limited to the earlier bombing of Liinahamar on 30 June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Australia, Canada and New Zealand also submitted a declaration of war to Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Already during the civil war in 1918, Mannerheim had issued a declaration in Antrea on the Karelian Isthmus stating that we should not put his sword in a sheath until Finland and East Karelia were free.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In the Continuation War, Mannerheim issued his famous so-called sword-sheath day order, in which he referred to his declaration.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

There were also mentions of a large Finland in the daily order, which even at that time caused negative attention in political circles.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, Finland occupied the most extensive territory in its history.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Many people outside the right wanted to annex East Karelia to Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The grounds were not only ideological and political, but also military: the so-called Three Isthmus Line was easier to defend than the previous frontier.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

With Germany backed, there was an opportunity to do so.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On the other hand, there were economic motives in the form of exploitation of forest reserves in East Karelia.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, the territories were not legally annexed to Finland; only the territories lost in the Winter War were declared by Parliament as belonging to Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The management of the territories was provided by the Military Administration of East Karelia, which made preparatory measures to annex the conquered territories to Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Internment camps were established in the conquered territory, which in their own time were referred to at first as “concentration camps” and later as “displacement camps”.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[30] They were excluded: [31] (a) “unnational population from those areas where their stay in view of military action could not be permitted”; (b) “politically unreliable persons belonging to the national and non-national population of the military administrative territory”; (c) “in exceptional cases other persons belonging to the population of the Military Administrative Region whose vacancy was deemed undesirable”.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

When defined as the national population, the Finnish population was perceived to be native.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[32] [33] The population of Väisniemi, Syyrinlaakso and Maanselänänänänänisthus, who traditionally happen to speak Russian, were moved from the front line to camps not only to prevent attacks by Soviet partisans, but also to protect civilians themselves.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In addition to this, refugees of non-Finnish descent were packed in Vänisniemi from all over the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic; while waiting in vain for transport across Sänisjärvi, they remained in the hands of the Finnish Defence Forces.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Based on the research literature, it can be estimated that evacuees or refugees from near the fronts may have numbered up to 16600 of the people placed in camps in East Karelia.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

This would mean more than 69% of the camps” highest population, which was 23984 people, on April 1, 1942.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[34] Mortality in the concentration camps of occupied East Karelia was up to 3.75%, significantly higher than among the free population of the same region (2.6%), in Finland (1.31%).


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The main reason for the high mortality rate among East Karelian campers appears to have been poor nutritional status and, to some extent, their age structure: a high relative proportion of women aged 20—30 years and minor children (almost 50%).


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[35] During the Continuation War, about 62000 Inger Finns migrated to Finland from the German-occupied Inger region.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The war of positions Mannerheim and Ryti had a negative view of the conquest of Leningrad and its direct support, as well as the severing of the Muurmann line in order to hold the argument for a separate war and to keep Finland better prospects for peace negotiations even after Germany's eventual defeat context [36].


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The advance of the Finns stalled on Mannerheim's orders in December 1941, when the so-called positional warfare phase began.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

It lasted two and a half years.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On 6 December, the territories lost in the Winter War were annexed back to Finland by the Parliament in restoring the borders of the Peace of Tartu.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, production and foreign trade declined, creating problems for the country's food supply.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The most difficult food situation was during the winter between 1942—1943.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In this case, for example, frontmen experienced deficiency diseases, and especially in some younger men general weakness due to lack of food.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The situation was saved by imports of food supplies, mostly from Germany and the countries under its influence.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In addition, the situation of the frontmen was facilitated by German troops in northern Finland, who victualled 50,000 Finnish soldiers in their area of responsibility.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Despite the practical problems brought with them by long transport journeys, monotonous food and limited portions the victualling of the frontmen was satisfactorily successful.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

There were a total of 300 cases of deficiency disease that required hospitalisation among frontmen during the Continuation War, which can be considered quite a small number.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[37] In 1942, fighting continued fragmented at Syvär and Kiesting.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Finns' only offensive war during the entire war of positions remained the capture of Suursaari in March.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[38] On June 4, Mannerheim reached the age of 75 and was promoted to Marshal of Finland.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The day was designated by defensive force as a flag feast day.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In Helsinki, a street was announced to be named in his honour.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Adolf Hitler unexpectedly visited Mannerheim's birthday party in Immola and complained that he had not been able to ensure Romanian oil for Germany to do anything for Finland before or during the Winter War.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

A recording of Hitler's “soliloquy” by the Finns also clarified the level of Soviet arms race that had surprised Hitler.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On his return visit to Germany, Mannerheim had apparently received further information about the German “expedition to the East” because, after his return, assessed to Defence Minister Walden the German “expedition to the east” as ending in disaster.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviets sent a military detachment behind the Finns front line around Rukajärvi.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, the Finns defeated the attempt in a short chase.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

After Germany suffered defeat at Stalingrad, efforts began to be made in Finland to distance themselves from Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The parliament began to show dissatisfaction towards Ryti, which was manifested by Secretary of State R.J.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On Witting's criticism of Ryti's signing of an anticomintern contract.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Parliament refused to extend the power law granted to Ryti.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, this did not prevent his re-election to an additional two-year term in February 1943.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, Prime Minister Rangell's government was switched to a less pro-German one led by Edwin Linkommies.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The government held together mainly thanks to Väinö Tanner, the finance minister of the Social Democrats.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Initial peace talks on Peace were held through the year, but no agreement was reached.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

As early as 8 February, the Soviet Union declared its willingness for peace.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The United States insisted on maintaining Finland's independence, and the Soviet ambassador to Washington, A. Litvinov, stated that the Soviet Union did not intend to occupy Finland as a whole.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Finns received the same insurance from Aleksandra Kollonta in Stockholm.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland insisted on the 1939 borders as the basis for peace negotiations, but the Soviet Union was informed that Finland's representative is welcome to negotiate in Moscow, but Finland's proposal should not include territories not belonging to it before the war.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Peace terms were struck into lock among the Allies at a Tehran conference in December.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the takeover of Berlin.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy landings, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring over 300 lives.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government informed Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

When Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is a distance of about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Of particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, In Äyräpe—Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The more than two-division-strong force that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: Was Highway 4 the first official highway in Finland?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.