Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

In the spring of May 3, 1977, the Union for the Democratic Centre (Unión de Centro Democrático, UCD) led by Suárez was formed, which included several centrist and right-wing parties.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

In ideology, it was liberal, monarchist and Christian democratic.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The slower, more cautious reform policy was espoused by Manuel Fraga Iribarne's right-wing conservative Alianza Popular (AP).


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

There were former Francolans in both parties, but the AP in particular was profiled as a party of the old regime.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The elections to the Constituent Cortes, held on 15 June 1977, were the first general election since 1936.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The UCD, led by Adolfo Suárez, won the election as the clear number one, gaining a 34.44% vote share and 166 seats out of 350.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The moderate centre-right thus gained more seats than the socialist PSOE (118) and communist PCE (19) combined.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

Manuel Fragan of the AP had to settle for 8.21 percent support and 16 seats.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The policy of trusting Suárez's monarchy was thus successful, and neither the PSOE nor the PCE rose to the top of the transitional period.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

With the election victory, Suárez gained not only a king but also a democratic mandate for the position of prime minister.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The new Cortes installed a Constituent Committee of representatives of all parties, which completed its work in the autumn of 1978.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The committee consisted of Gabriel Cisneros (UCD), José Pedro Pérez-Llorca (UCD), Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón (UCD), Miquel Roca i Junyent (Convergència i Unió), Manuel Fraga Iribarne (Alianza Popular), Gregorio Peces-Barba (PSOE), Jordi Solé Tura (PSUC).


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

In Spain they are called the “Fathers of the Constitution” (Padres de la Constitución).


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The Cortes approved the Constitution Committee's motion for a constitution on October 31, 1978.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The political reform work culminated in a referendum on 6 December 1978.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

Eighty-eight per cent of voters supported the new constitution, with a turnout of 67.1 per cent.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The Basic Laws and the Constitution that abolished the Francolan system came into force when it was signed by King Juan Carlos on 27 February 1978.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The Constitution greatly cut the monarch's previous absolute privileges, so in the case of Spain, the king himself also decided to narrow his prerogatives.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

With the enactment of the constitution, Suárez's support peaked.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The UCD won the general election again on 1 March 1979, receiving 34.44% of the vote, increasing its number of seats to 168.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The PSOE also increased its number of seats to 121 (30.40% of the vote) and the Communists to 23 (10.77% of the vote).


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

Instead, the AP, mired in trouble for Manuel Fraga, lost six seats and a deeply disappointed Fraga resigned his party's chairman seat.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

After the end of the transition and crises, Suárez was no longer successful as a politician of the day and resigned from the position of Prime Minister on 25 January 1981.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

[5] In thanks to the receding Prime Minister, King Juan Carlos bestowed upon him the rank of Duke of Suárez, the first Suárez Duke in Spanish history.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

Suárez, while leading minority governments, had collaborated with Fraga's right wing as well as socialists and communists.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

Beginning in 1980, however, his own party began to disintegrate internally.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The first individual resignations from the party during 1980 occurred in parties in local areas.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

In February 1981, four UCD MPs joined Alianza Popular, and soon after them, 10 other UCD MPs founded the “Party of Democratic Action” (Partido de Acción Democrática/PAD), which allied with and later merged with the Socialists.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

In the summer of 1982, 13 MPs left the party, creating the Democratic People's Party (Partido Demócrata Popular), allied with the AP.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

Suárez split from the party with 15 other of his MPs and founded the Democratic and Social Centre (Centro Democrático y Social (CDS), which however no longer surpassed UCD's success.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

The dissolution of UCD led to such a shake-up of the political balance in Parliament that it was decided to hold a new general election on 28 October 1982, the winners of which were the PSOE and AP.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

In this election, the CDS won only two seats, one of which belonged to Suárez, who was elected from Madr.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

However, with the CDS, Suárez became an important influence in the Liberal International, of which the party gained membership in 1988.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

In 1989, Suarez became president of Liberal International. [6].


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

He retired from active politics citing personal reasons in 1991.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

In 1996, Suárez was noted with the Prince of Asturias Peace Prize in recognition of his outstanding work on behalf of Spanish democracy.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

On June 8, 2007, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary celebrations of the first democratic election, Suárez was appointed the 1193th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece by King Juan Carlos on grounds of notability during the transitional period.


Question: What year was Adolfo González born?

Adolfo Suárez

[7] Sources Category:Spanish Prime Ministers Category:Spanish politicians Category:Those born in 1932 Class:Those who died in 2014


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira () is a self-governing group of islands belonging to Portugal in the North Atlantic about 580 kilometres northwest of the North African coast.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira belongs geographically to Macaronesia and consists of seven volcanic islands, the largest and only inhabited ones being Madeira and Porto Santo.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Located about 40 kilometres southeast of the main island, the three islands comprise the Desertas Islands.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Administratively, Madeira still includes the Selvagen Islands comprising the two islands in the southeast 280 km away.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

When speaking of Madeira, one may refer equally to the entire administrative region, to a geographical group of islands, or to the island of Madeira alone.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The earliest reliable records of European activity in Madeira's history go back to the early 15th century.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

There are also considerably older but uncertain references from Madeira right from the beginning of the time count.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The official written history of Madeira began with the arrival of the Portuguese from 1418.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The Carnation Revolution in Portugal in 1974 toppled the military junta that ruled the country, resulting in Madeira being granted autonomy two years later.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira joined Portugal to the European Union in 1986.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira's standard of living has risen under autonomy and EU membership.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira President Miguel Albuquerque has held office since March 2015.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

His predecessor, Alberto João Jardim, had time to hold the office of president for 37 years.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The total population of Madeira was 267938 in 2011, the vast majority of whom, or more than 240000 people, lived on the island of Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The capital of Madeira is Funchal in the south of the main island, which had a population of 112015 in 2011.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

As elsewhere in Portugal, Portuguese is spoken on the islands, the main religion being Catholicism and the monetary unit the euro.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira is a popular tourist destination and tourism is an important source of income for the region's economy.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira is known for its madeirawine and water channels, or levadas, which bisect the main island, among other things.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

An annual New Year's fireworks display is held in Funchal, which has made it into the Guinness Book of Records as the largest in the world.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Geography The administrative region of Madeira is located in the Atlantic Ocean about 580 kilometres west of the North African coast and about a thousand kilometres southwest of the Portuguese capital Lisbon.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The Canary Islands lie about 450 kilometres to the south and the Azores less than 1,000 kilometres to the northwest.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In addition to the main island Madeira, the region includes another inhabited island Porto Santo, the Desertas Islands less than 40 kilometres southeast of the capital Funchal, and the Selvagen Islands 280 kilometres to the south-southeast.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The islands have a combined area of about 801 square kilometres and only Madeira and Porto Santo are inhabited.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The island group arose as a result of volcanic activity millions of years ago.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira and the Desertas Islands are the youngest of the islands, while Porto Santo and the Selvagen Islands are older in age.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[1] Madeira Island Madeira Island lies on top of a large underwater shield mountain that rises about six kilometers from the ocean floor.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[2] Madeira is the geologically youngest island in the island group.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

It arose as a result of several underwater volcanic eruptions.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The first eruption is estimated to have occurred about 15 million years ago, but to above sea level, however, Madeira did not begin to rise until about five million years ago.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The eruptions ended about 700,000 years ago, after which the island was consumed by intense erosion.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Volcanic activity later reactivated and reshaped the surface of the island.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The most recent volcanic eruptions occurred about 6500 years ago.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[2] Madeira is about 57 kilometres long and 22 kilometres wide.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Of surface area it has about 740 square kilometers.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[3] Elevation differences on Madeira Island are large.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The highest mountain, Pico Ruivo, rises to a height of 1862 meters.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[4] The second and third highest mountains are Pico das Torres (1851m) and Pico do Areeiro (1818m).


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[4] The island is surrounded by a deep sea area.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Already a few dozen kilometres from the northern coast of the island there are already 2500—4000 m deep stretches.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[1] More than 2000 kilometres of levadas pass through Madeira, carrying water from the rainy mountain range to the drier south and south-east of the island, more suitable for farming and settlement.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Flowing water generates hydropower at the same time.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[5] [6] Other Islands Porto Santo is one of the two inhabited islands and is located about 40 kilometers northeast of Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Porto Santo has a length of about 11 kilometers, a latitude of 6 kilometers and a total area of about 40 square kilometers.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The age of the island has been estimated at 13.5—18 million years.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The capital of the island is Vila Baleira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The island is formed by two volcanic uplands, with an island airfield located in the shallower area between them.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[7] The highest point of the island, Pico do Facho, rises 516 meters above sea level.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The climate of Porto Santo is dry and irrigation is a challenge for all farming.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[8] Six smaller creeds lie around the main island of Porto Santo: Ilhéu da Cal, Ilhéu das Cenouras, Ilhéu de Cima, Ilhéu de Fora, Ilhéu de Ferro and Ilhéu da Fonte da Areia.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[9] The Desertas Islands consist of three main islands.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The largest of the islands is the 12 kilometres long and 2 kilometres wide Deserta Grande, whose highest point rises 490 metres above sea level.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Ilha do Bugio is about 7.5 kilometers long by 800 metres wide.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The smallest of the islands, Ilhéu Chão is about 1.6 kilometers long and 500 meters wide, rising gently at the northern end to a height of almost a hundred meters.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The islands are popular with fishermen but are not allowed to go ashore more than ten metres from the shoreline.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[10] The Desertas Islands and Selvagen Islands were privately owned until 1971, when they were acquired by the Portuguese government.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The Selvagen Islands lie approximately 280 kilometres southeast of Funchal and are closer to the Canary Islands than to the main island Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The sea area between Desertas and Selvagen Islands is up to 4.5 kilometres deep in places.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The Selvagen Islands are formed of two groups with a combined area of approximately 2.8 square kilometres.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The northern group is formed by Selvagem Grande, along with two smaller islands, Palheiro da Terra and Palheiro do Mar.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The southern group is formed by Selvagem Pequena and Ilhéu de Fora, as well as several smaller bullets.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[11] The islands are so shallow that they do not produce orographic rain, so three years can pass between the rains.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[12] The climate of Madeira is located in the subtropical zone.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Rather, a temperate climate prevails in the northern part of the island, as an average 1000 m high mountain range running in an east-west direction divides the island into the southern and northern halves, causing climatic differences between them.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

High mountain chains force moist and warm pasate winds blowing on Madeira's northern coast to soar upwards, condensing into fog and clouds.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

High mountains slow down the southward passage of clouds, so rains are mostly concentrated on the north side of the island and in the mountains.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The most rainy days are between November and March, while the least rainy days are from May to September.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Golf Stream Extension Canary Current influences ocean temperatures.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[13] [14] Funchal has an average temperature of 16—21 degrees from December to April, after which it rises gradually reaching 20—25 degrees Celsius in July—August.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Between October and December, Funchal averages between 18 and 21 degrees.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Temperatures hardly soar above 27—28 degrees except rarely when a warm easterly wind blows from the direction of Africa.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Elevation above sea level is a major factor in Madeira's climate.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Going up into the mountains, the average temperature drops by about 3°C for every 500m climb.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The subtropical zone extends to about 300 m and the Mediterranean climate to 300—750 m above sea level.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Although even at the highest peaks, you can reach 20 degrees Celsius on a summer day.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The island of Madeira is characterized by microclimates influenced by elevation above sea level as well as winds.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira has recently experienced noticeable changes in climate.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Rainfall has become significantly less than in the early 1990s, winters are warmer, average temperatures have increased, and drought has increased.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[13] [14] The nature of Madeira is rich in biodiversity and over 7500 species of earth are thought to live in the archipelago.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Endemic species and their subspecies number nearly 1500, representing about 20% of the number of species.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

There are six protected areas in the Madeira archipelago, including the Madeira Nature Reserve, which covers nearly two-thirds of Madeira Island.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In addition, more than ten sites are included in the European Union's Natura 2000 project and 11 are considered important bird areas.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira additionally has one UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[15] Vegetation Madeira's vegetation is diverse and abundant.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Approximately 760 seed or flowering plants are found in the Madeira archipelago, nearly 20% of which are endemic.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

More than 40 species of ferns, 500 species of algae, 450 species of fungi, 450 lichen and 320 moss are also found in Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Of the 156 endemic species growing in the Madeira archipelago, 99 grow on Madeira Island.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Porto Santo and the Selvagen Islands both have nine endemic species and only two in the Desertas Islands.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The rest of the species are common between different island groups.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

On Madeira Island, four vegetation zones can be distinguished, the boundaries of which nevertheless move.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[16] The Madeira Nature Reserve is home to the world's largest unified area of laurisilva forest.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[17] The forest is located in areas around 600 to 1300 metres above sea level and typical species such as macaronesian anavocado, canary laurel, barbusano and stink greenwood.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[16] The area has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1999.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[17] The forest is particularly threatened by invasive species, such as the Eucalyptus feverwood (Eucalyptus globulus) and silver acacia (Acacia dealbata), which spread on the island, displacing native species.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

As a result, the environment is effectively controlled and alien species are replaced by native species.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Actual crops on the island are represented, first of all, by banana and vine.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[18] The fauna of the Madeira archipelago live almost 200 species of birds and there are about 40 nesting species.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Three endemic bird species live on the islands: the madeiran chamferer, the madeira dove and the madeiran hippie.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

It is also an important breeding site for several seabirds.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[20] Common birds in Madeira include blackbird, blackhead creepy and dairy sack.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Some of the birds found in Madeira also nest in the canary archipelago, such as the madeira speedster, canary hemp and canary axe.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

For example, the canary axe, fish tern, canary windhawk and frigate storm bird nest in the Selvagen Islands.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

On the largest island, Selvagem Grande, nests a yellow-nosed grander, for the protection of which the islands were purchased by the Portuguese government in 1971 as a nature reserve.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Nearly 500 different marine mollusc species occur in Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[19] There are almost 300 species of land mollusc in the archipelago.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Porto Santo is home to the world's most diverse land mollusc population in terms of surface area.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Admittedly, human activities have had negative consequences for the mollusc population in the area and according to the IUCN, the preservation of several species is threatened.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[21] With the exception of bats, land-living mammals have come to the islands with humans, such as the rabbit introduced as a game animal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Of the reptiles, you can find some geckos and geckos.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[22] Frogs can be seen in Madeira especially in spring.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

There are an estimated 800 to 1200 species of insects, beetles about 550 species and butterflies 120 species.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

There are about 100 species of spiders and in the Desertas Islands live Madeira's only venomous animal species Lycosa ingens.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[19] More than 200 fish genera live in the waters of Madeira, including numerous species.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

These include various types of tuna, mackerel, cod, toothperch, sea perch, coral perch, sardines, cod, moray and swordfish.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Many invertebrates are found in riparian waters, as well as fish species such as blue-thorn mackerel, Japanese mackerel and yellow-tailed horse mackerel.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[23] When the waters of Madeira are at their warmest in July/September, large barrakudes may be circulating in the waters.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Espada, or black scabbard fish, is the most common species of fish on the Madeiran dinner table.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Numerous different deep-sea fish live at a depth of about 1000 m, including seabrass, lanternfish, and cross-toothed perch.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Whales, dolphins and sea turtles also live in deeper waters.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[24] An endangered monk seal lives on the Desertas Grande, whose population is recovering again thanks to tranquilization and conservation activities.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Cashelot was caught in Madeira waters until the 1980s until it was tranquilized to protect the stock.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Sharks do not come near the coast.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[19] History Early stages The first historically reliable source of Europeans visiting Madeira is the arrival of the Portuguese in the early 15th century.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

However, there are also considerably older but uncertain references from Madeira right from the beginning of the time count.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The Roman writer Pliny mentioned in his texts the Purple Islands, which may well have referred to Madeira on behalf of its location.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The Arabs have allegedly discovered the island as early as the 10th century and named it El Ghanem and the possibility of a Viking visit has also been mooted.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Anne d'Arfet, a rich English maid of nobility, is reported to have fallen in love with poor Robert Machim in 14th century England and fled with him through her forced marriage to France.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

However, the ship carrying them is reported to have been caught in a severe storm, resulting in it drifting off course and being shipwrecked off the present town of Machico.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

It is thought the town was named after Robert Machim.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

By the 14th century, however, Madeira probably was already known, as it appears on an Italian map dating from as early as 1351.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In the map, Madeira appears as Isola di Lolegname (tree island), in addition to which it also shows Porto Santo as well as the Desertas Islands under their current names.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] From colonization towards modernity, the official written history of the Madeira island group began in 1418 when João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira, who sailed in the service of the Portuguese prince Henry the Sailor, drifted in a storm to the island of Porto Santo, which received to be named Porto Santo, meaning Holy Harbor.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The following year, an expedition was organised to the islands.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Italian nobleman Bartolomeu Perestrello was tasked with colonizing Porto Santo and Zarco and Teixeira were sent to explore Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[26] The islands were completely uninhabited when discovered, and the Portuguese began colonizing them in the 1420s.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[27] Settlers brought sugar cane to the island from Italy and vine from Crete.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira soon had large sugarcane plantations using slaves imported from Africa from the 1450s onwards [27] as labour.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Madeira's economic importance grew with the valuable sugar trade and the Portuguese soon gained control of the European sugar monopoly.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] From 1450 to 1470, Madeira was a considerable centre of grain production and grain was exported to mainland Portugal as well as trading centres in Portuguese Africa, among others.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] However, sugar farming was considerably more profitable and in 1485 the islands were plagued by famine due to lack of grain.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The Azores became the grain granary of the region and Madeira was able to concentrate on valuable sugar production.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[26] Funchal and Machico developed into thriving cities as a result of their prosperity.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[26] At the end of the 15th century, more inhabitants flowed into Madeira from Europe.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Many of them were merchants who brought with them more investment and prospered the island.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[27] Maine for the welfare of Madeira spread and attracted pirates to the archipelago.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Madeira suffered its worst pirate attack in 1566 when a pirate force of more than a thousand attacked Funchal under French pirate Bertrand de Montluch and pillaged the island for over two weeks.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[28] Sugar production flourished from the 1450s onwards until it in the early part of the 16th century reversed into decline.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[26] During the 16th century, Madeira lost its dominance as a sugar cane producer to Brazil, where it could be produced more cheaply.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Poor fertilization and climatic causes also contributed to the collapse in sugar production.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Sugarcane had consumed Madeira's soil, resulting in several plantations beginning to grow a less demanding vine.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

However, Madeira still received almost seven times more income from sugar at the end of the 16th century than from wine.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira was from 1580 until 1640 with the rest of Portugal under Spanish control.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] In the 17th century, Madeira's economy depended on wine exports as well as revenue from shipping.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] In the 1660s, Madeira was to be subject to a dowry gift to England when King Charles II of England married Catherine de Bragança of Portugal in 1662.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The bride's dowry is reported to have been accompanied by a secret agreement whereby Portugal would have given England a further Madeira if Charlemagne had not been satisfied with his dowry.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] The influence of English merchants in Madeira increased from the end of the 17th century onwards.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[29] As early as the 18th century, Madeira was growing in emigration to Brazil, as Madeira began to be overpopulated in relation to the conditions of the time.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Despite this, Madeira's population continued to grow.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

By the middle of the 18th century, there were already 75,000 inhabitants.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] In 1803, a flood of unprecedented magnitude rose in Madeira, causing great destruction, especially in Funchal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

At least 600 people were killed.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira was twice occupied by the British in the early 19th century during the Napoleonic Wars.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Many Englishmen had migrated to Madeira as early as the 18th century, mainly to become winemakers, and during and after the Napoleonic Wars, more arrived when many of the British soldiers remained on the island permanently.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Some of the British merchants who arrived in Madeira after the wars established prominent merchant lineages, such as Charles Blandy and Thomas Slap Leacock, who were early business partners.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[30] Within the course of the 19th century, Madeira developed into a popular tourist and holiday destination; however, holidaymakers still represented, well into the 20th century, the upper middle class.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[30] During José Silvestre Ribeiro, who served as governor of Madeira (1846-1852), roads were built, Funchal electric lighting started and social reforms were implemented.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Cholera that raged in 1852 killed an estimated 7000 people and in the same year mold destroyed the island's vines, resulting in the loss of an estimated 90% of the crop.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Wine aphids, accidentally imported from the United States, infested and destroyed the remaining vines in the early 1870s.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Although new varieties were soon planted in their place, the plantations could not yet be fully restored and by the end of the 19th century many had to leave the island.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[27] In 1900, however, record harvests were already received and agricultural production on the island was diversified by planting bananas, which even today are of great importance for exports.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[31] In 1905, the German company offered to build hospitals, a sanatorium on Madeira and to develop the island into a modern resort, provided that it was allowed to take over all the island's business operations accordingly.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The Portuguese government initially agreed to the proposal, but did not take into account British opinion.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[31] In addition, following the advent of German colonialist ambitions, the proposal was finally refused.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[29] At the beginning of World War I German possessions on the island were confiscated.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Germany declared war on Portugal in 1916 and in the same year a German submarine made a surprise attack on Funchal and sank three French ships in the harbour as well as bombarding the city.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[31] [25] In 1917, German submarines bombed Funchal again, destroying buildings in the city.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

After World War I, the economic situation in Madeira was poor.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] A general strike broke out in Madeira in early 1931 due to rising bread prices as well as the bankruptcy of two major Madeiran banks.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[32] Bankruptcies had taken away the savings of thousands of Madeirans.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Military troops were sent to the island from Portugal, but some of the troops joined the rebels led by General Sousa Dias, who had been expelled from Portugal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

More troops were sent from Portugal and the rebellion was eventually defeated.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Others were granted asylum from Great Britain, but most including Dias were forced to surrender to the Portuguese.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[29] Portugal remained neutral in World War II and Madeira was spared the war effort.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Political refugees came to Madeira and Great Britain evacuated about 2,000 civilian workers from its colony of Gibraltar during the war to Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Autonomy and Modernity The Carnation Revolution in Portugal on 25 April 1974 toppled the military junta that ruled the country.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The right-wing paramilitary organisation Flama carried out terrorist attacks in Madeira with the aim of achieving independence and complete independence from Portugal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

When Portugal received a new constitution in 1976 and autonomous status was defined for Madeira, the organisation ceased to function.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[32] In 1986, Madeira joined Portugal to the European Union.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Madeira then began to receive financial support to build better infrastructure and new roads, as well as improving electricity distribution, medical care and education.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[27] Madeira's standard of living has risen during the period of autonomy and EU membership.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[33] Madeira was hit by heavy heavy rains on 20 February 2010, causing severe flooding and mudslides, especially in the south of the island.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The worst devastation was concentrated in the capital Funchal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Forty-two people were killed, about 120 people were injured and more than 200 people lost their homes due to the storm.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

This was the worst storm since 1993, when eight people were killed.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[34] [35] In the summer of 2012, Madeira was hit by extensive wildfires, like mainland Portugal, which were also sent firefighters from the mainland to extinguish.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[36] [37] [38] Administration and politics The degree of autonomy of Madeira has varied over the years and its extent is decided by the Portuguese Parliament.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[39] Before 1974, practically all matters had to be handled through Lisbon.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

However, the island had a general council representing the central government in Lisbon and operated under the Ministry of the Interior.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[33] In April 1976 Portugal held its first free elections in decades.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The constitution of the same year defined Madeira as an autonomous region.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In Madeira, the election was won by the Madeira branch of the centre-right Social Democratic Party (PSD) led by Alberto João Jardim, which received 65% of the vote.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[32] Jardim became president two years later when Ornelas Camacho resigned from office.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[33] Jardim served as President of Madeira since 1978, and still in 2011 he was elected to a further term.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[40] In 2015, Miguel Albuquerque, who had previously served as mayor of Funchal, was elected as his successor.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[41] Madeira joined Portugal in 1986.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Taxation was regionalised in early 2006.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[33] Nowadays, Madeira can practically decide all its affairs, except for the security policy, which is shared with mainland Portugal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[33] The Regional Parliament and Government are the administrative bodies of the Autonomous Region of Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The president heads the regional government and is elected to a term lasting four years.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The same person can be elected to office in unlimited numbers.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira's regional parliament is made up of 47 regional MPs elected for a four-year term.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[33] The regional parliament may legislate, but they must fit into the Portuguese Constitution.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[42] The President heads the regional government, assisted by the Vice President, as well as seven ministries whose branches were slightly modified in 2007.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The Vice President's responsibilities include parliamentary affairs, general administration, EU-related matters, energy production, trade and industry, and the Madeira Development Society.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[33] Madeirans hold Portuguese passports and state taxes are paid to Portugal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[39] Madeira also has its own flag, anthem and stamp.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[33] The administrative division of Madeira consists of 11 municipalities, ten of which are located on the island of Madeira and one on Porto Santo.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The municipalities are further divided into 54 freguesia.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira has 53 freguesias and Porto Santo has one.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[43] The Desertas Islands are administratively part of the municipality of Santa Cruz and the Selvagen Islands to the municipality of Funchal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[44] Economy The main cornerstones of Madeira's economy are farming, fishing, tourism and economic services for foreign companies.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[46] The industry in the region is not very diverse and consists mainly of various traditional handicrafts aimed at external markets, such as embroidery, tapestries and basketry.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Major industries are related to activities in food, beverage, tobacco and construction.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[47] As a result of the increased economic prosperity, the country's unemployment rate was around 6% in 2008, low compared to the rest of Portugal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[46] Madeira has also received considerable support from European Union funds, which has had a major impact on its economy.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The subsidies received include lengthening the airport runway, as well as improving road networks by building tunnels to speed up passage.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[48] The official currency of Madeira is the euro.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In September 2002, Moody's gave the Madeira region an Aa3 issuer credit rating due to the region's buoyant economy and improved performance, as well as a manageable debt burden.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In September 2011, Moody's downgraded Madeira's long-term credit rating from B1 to B3 over concerns about mismanagement and management in the region, as well as poor budget execution.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The combined impact of the costs and debt restructuring agreements not announced by the regional government of Madeira since 2003 amounted to €1.1 billion in 2008-2010 deficits.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[46] President Jardim resigned from office in spring 2007 in protest at the law passed by the government of José Sócrates on the use of the territories.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Without consulting with Madeira, the government had amended the joint Portuguese and Madeira laws so that 2% of the EU money belonging to Madeira remained in Portugal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

However, Jardim stood again and won the election overwhelmingly.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Transport for citizens of Member States of the European Union and the Schengen Area are free to travel to Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The island group has two airports: Madeira Airport in Santa Cruz, and Porto Santo Airport on the island of Porto Santo.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Air connections to Madeira go from Portugal, as well as from the Azores, but also from other parts of Europe and, for example, South America.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

From Portugal you can also travel to Madeira by ferry.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Traveling between Madeira and Porto Santo is either by plane or by ferry, which also carries cars as well as other vehicles.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira Island has a comprehensive road network, and the most affordable method of transport is buses running around the island, however, with timetables designed mainly for the needs of locals.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The easiest way to go is a rental car, which can be rented, for example, at the airport.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In the capital Funchal, you can move reliably by taxi.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[49] Tourism miniature|Shape-cut shrubs in the Madeira Botanical Garden.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Tourism is an important source of income for Madeira's economy as it generates about 20% of the region's GDP.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[47] Madeira has been a popular destination for tourists since the 18th century.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The region's mild climate attracted tourists, particularly from Britain and other parts of Europe.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In addition, sick people also arrived in Madeira who believed they would find a cure for their ailments.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[48] An airport was built in Madeira in 1964, before which the island had to be travelled by ship.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[48] Today, the number of onboard tourists is on the rise again, as many Atlantic cruises stop in Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

During winter time, air tourists seeking warmth and sun arrive in Madeira from Germany, Britain and Scandinavia, while in summer there are more southern European arrivals fleeing the heats of their homeland.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[50] Madeira is located on the Atlantic Ocean and tourists host a wide variety of nautical themed activities, including sailing, fishing, whale and dolphin safaris, water skiing, surfing, diving and swimming.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[51] The island's most famous tourist attractions include the Botanical Gardens, the isolated Nun Valley Curral das Freiras, where guided tours take place, and the gardens of the Palace of Monte and the lava caves of São Vincente.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Hiking trips on levadas and mountain peaks to vantage points are also popular.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[52] Cabo Girão is the second tallest sea cliff in the world and a popular attraction, [53] with a glass-bottomed observation deck.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[54] The capital Funchal hosts an annual spectacular New Year fireworks display, which has made it into the Guinness Book of Records as the largest in the world.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[55] Madeira has a boat connection to Porto Santo Island.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[56] The climate of Porto Santo and the nine-kilometer-long sandy beach on the south of the island attract not only tourists but also families from the island of Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[57] [58] Sand is said to have health-promoting effects.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[59] Health risks In October 2012, a mosquito-borne dengue fever epidemic broke out in Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[60] [61] Among the sufferers were also Finnish tourists.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[62] The number of people affected by the disease turned to a decline in mid-November.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[63] The epidemic caused no fatalities and no new cases of illness have been reported since spring 2013.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[64] [65] Madeira authorities, however, recommend tourists follow preventative measures, such as using mosquito repellents, keeping hotel room windows closed in the evenings, and preferring skin-covering clothing.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[65] Levadat Levadas are canals on the island of Madeira that transport water from the rainy mountain areas of the island down to drier areas in the south and southeast, more suitable for farming and settlement.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The first levadas were built in the 15th century from wood and later from earth mixture or by chipping into rock.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Today, levadas are made of concrete.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In the 17th century, ever-longer and wider water channels were built due to watermills and sugar cane cultivation.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The work was usually done by Moorish people who worked in dangerous conditions or by slaves imported from Africa.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In 1940, the Water Use Commission began modernizing the levadas, resulting in three new electric plants being built by 1969, as well as five new levadas.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[6] Today, a total of 2150 km of levadas pass through Madeira, transporting water to the south of the island while generating hydropower.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The trails that run next to the Levadas, which were originally meant to facilitate the construction and repair of canals, are today popular hiking trails for tourists.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[5] Walking trails popular with hikers include the Three Levada Trail in the Rabaçal Valley, [66] and Levada dos Tornos, the starting point of which can be reached by bus from Funchal.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[67] Population The population of Madeira in 2010 totalled about 247000, of which just over 240000 lived on Madeira Island and the rest in Porto Santo.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[45] Madeira was completely uninhabited before the arrival of Portuguese settlers in the early 15th century.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

After them, the population of the area grew, including the crews and passengers of ships that passed through the island, merchants, and soldiers.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Until recent years, Madeirans lived quite isolated from the rest of the world.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Much has been migrated from densely populated Madeira to other places, especially South America.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Porto Santo is mainly inhabited by pensioners, airline staff and idle tourists.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[68] The University of Madeira was established in 1988.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[69] Culture Food Madeiran cuisine includes a great variety of meat dishes such as espetada, carne de vinho e alhos and picado.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Espetada is a grilled steer of ox meat seasoned with garlic and sea salt, preferably using a stick made from a laurel tree branch.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Picado is a beef stew seasoned with garlic, meat broth and olive oil and served with fries.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The third traditional meat dish, carne de vinho e alhos, is pork meat marinated in wine, rich garlic and bay leaves.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[70] [71] Fish plays an important part in Madeiran cuisine culture due to traditional fishing.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Tuna, espada, or black scabbard fish, and cod appear in several dishes, as do mussels and octopuses caught in the area.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Espada is usually served with fried banana.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Açorda à madeirense is a popular soup dish made with bread, garlic and egg.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[70] [71] Madeira's well-known country bread Bolo do Caco is always served with garlic butter.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

It is almost always offered at various events and parties, as well as in restaurants.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Various pastries and desserts are available in Madeira, such as queijadas (cheese pastry) and Bolo de mel (honey cake).


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[70] [71] The famous Madeira wine is made in Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[72] It is a concentrated wine, usually sweet, which is heated during its preparation so that the wine acquires a distinctive flavour.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[73] There are four types of madeira that differ in their sweetness: the driest sercial is suitable for the appetizer, the semi-dry verdelho is often enjoyed with fruitcake, the semi-sweet bual resembles port wine, and the sweetest malmsey is the most pronounced dessert wine.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[74] Sports The seas and cliffs of Madeira are suitable for many sports activities such as diving, surfboarding, gliding shading, BASE jumping and bodyboarding.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The bright blue shallows of Madeira attract many divers to the area, as well as diving schools.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The most popular areas are the Garajau Marine Reserve, the Machico Coastal Area and Porto Santo.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[75] Other popular activities include camping in the nature of Madeira, horseback riding and golf.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira has three golf courses: two nearby Funchal and one in Porto Santo.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

The first 9-hole field to have was built in 1937.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[76] Local football clubs CS Marítimo, CD Nacional and União da Madeira play in the Portuguese main league.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Also famous footballer Cristiano Ronaldo hails from Madeira.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

In basketball, the island is represented by CAB Madeira, which plays in the Portuguese main league.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

[77] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Svensson, Bertil| title = Traveller's Madeira| publisher = Otava| year = 2005| isbn = 951119979X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author title = Beadeker, Karl| = Beadeker's Madeira| publisher = Automobile Associ| ation| year = 1997| isbn=0749517336| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kemppainen, Arja| title = Madeira| publisher = Finnish Travel Guide| year = 2009| isbn = 978-952-9715-43-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Murphy, Paul| title = Madeira| publisher = Berlitz Publish| year = 1998| isbn = 951- 31-2415-0| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= Insight Guides: Madeira| publisher = Insight Guides| year = 2007| isbn=9812586636| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira


Question: What was the population of Madeira in 2018?

Madeira

References on the topic elsewhere * Category:UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Portugal Category:Key articles on screening Category:41.5 Southern Europe


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The Seminoles are a Native American people living in the U.S. states of Oklahoma and Florida.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The tribe of Seminoles was formed of Creek Indians who immigrated to Florida and slaves who escaped from their masters, called Black Seminoles.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The Seminoles were on good terms with the then owners of the area, Great Britain and Spain (circa 1767—1821).


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Instead, after Spain officially ceded Florida to the United States in 1821, the intervals between the Seminoles to the Americans were bad, leading to three Seminole wars (1817—1818, 1835—1842, and 1855—1858).


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

As a result of the wars, 3,000 Seminoles were relocated to Oklahoma, with only a few hundred remaining in Florida.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Those who remained in Florida lived in isolation from the rest of the world from the 1860s until the 1930s.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The Seminoles were one of the five civilized tribes.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

According to the 2000 census, there were 12431 pure-blooded Seminoles and 15000 partial seminoles.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The majority belong to the Oklahoma Tribe, comprising 6000 members.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

In addition, the Florida tribe includes 3100 members.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The Oklahoma Seminoles are divided into 14 groups, two of which are groups of black Seminoles.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

History First Seminole War The early history of the Seminoles originated in the mid 17th century when the first Muskogee-speaking Native American refugees were allowed to settle in a deserted area in northern Florida with permission from the Spanish.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[1] By the end of the same century, numerous black slaves who had fled Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina crossed into the Seminole residential area.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[2] The Seminoles welcomed the refugees and took them to live in their own villages.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[3] By the beginning of the next century, the Seminoles began to be viewed as a threat to the slave-holding culture of the Confederate States of America.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Eventually, protection of escaped slaves broke the Seminoles' intervals entirely with the Georgia colonists, and from 1812 to 1813, the Georgia militia made war expeditions to Florida.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

In armed clashes, the Seminoles lost their important chief and many warriors, but in the process gained new members to their tribe as thousands of Creeks joined them after American forces destroyed their village.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The fighting spread into the First Seminole War, fought from 1817 to 1818.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The US forces were led by Major General Andrew Jackson, who issued orders to destroy the main village of the Seminoles.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Frightened by this war, the Spanish government ceded Florida to the United States.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[4] Second Seminole War Pressured by the Americans, the Seminoles withdrew from northwestern Florida in the 1820s and settled in more easterly areas.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

There, they kept to themselves for a decade.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Coming into the next decade, President-elect Andrew Jackson pushed through legislation in Congress to relocate Eastern Indians west of the Mississippi River.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

As a suitable Indian Territory, an area spread over present-day Oklahoma was selected, which was named Oklahoma (oklahoma = people, homma = red) in the Choctaw Indian language.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[5] White colonists in Florida almost unanimously supported the idea of moving the Seminoles westward.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The majority of Seminoles sided against forced migration and the situation led to the Second Seminole War, which began in 1835.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[6] The war became long-lasting, as the Seminoles fled into the jungle and intractable marshlands of Florida.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Nearly 10,000 men were sent after them, 1500 of whom died of various diseases.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Osceola, the supreme leader of the Seminoles, was captured in 1837, but his death in 1838 did not end the Seminole resistance; fighting continued for years in the Everglades swamps of South Florida, where the local Calusa tribe provided armed support to the Seminoles.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[4] By 1842 some 3000 Seminoles could be transported to the Oklahoma Indian Territory, but the war came to cost the federal government an estimated $20 million.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[6] The Third Seminole War when the United States ended the war effort in 1842, there were still several hundred Seminoles living in the swamp area of the Everglades.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The Seminoles who were relocated to Oklahoma lived as an autonomous nation and suffered greatly from the conditions in their neighbourhood.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The Wild Cat, belonging to one prominent Seminole family, wanted to be chief of the entire Seminole people, but the government of President James K. Polk implied that all Seminoles were going to be annexed to the people of the Creeks.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[7] To improve the future, Wild Cat envisioned an inter-racial alliance that would unite all the tribes of the Southern Plains and runaway black slaves into one large colony.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Mexican President Antonio López de Santa Anna promised Wild Cat suitable lands from Coahuila in northern Mexico in exchange for the Wild Cat colony blocking border crossings from the US side.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[8] Although the colony was eventually limited to only the Black Seminoles and about 500 kickapoo warriors besides Wild Cat's Seminoles, for two years the border guards managed to repel attacks from across the border.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

In 1852, most of Wild Cat's Seminoles returned back to Oklahoma.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[7] The Third Seminole War flared in 1855 when a group of American surveyors stole and destroyed Seminole property in Great Sypress Swamp, Florida.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The army again proved powerless, but with the Oklahoma Seminoles acting as intermediaries, their Floridian tribal brethren agreed to peace after three years of martial law.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[6] The Seminoles remained in Florida with an estimated 300 others moving to Oklahoma.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

In the American Civil War, Oklahoma's Seminoles split and fought in both the Northern and Confederate States of America forces.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Some of the Seminoles fled the war to Texas, and were recruited as border guards who defended the U.S. border for ten years.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

This Seminole Company has afterwards been praised as the best unit composed of Indians.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[9] From the 20th century onward, the State of Florida recognized the Seminole tribe in 1957 and the federal government of the United States did the same the following year in 1958.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The Florida Seminoles speak mikasuk and they are for the most part descendants of the Chiaha tribe.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Seminoles in Oklahoma speak creek.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Florida Seminoles have indigenous status, so they are not taxed and have exclusive access to casinos in Florida.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Other sources of cash income include the tobacco industry, tourism, golf courses, museums, and the Hard Rock Cafe restaurant chain, which is partly owned by the Florida Seminoles.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[10] Culture Origin and Name The Seminoles were originally part of a confederation of Creek Indians that controlled large areas of Alabama and Georgia.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Sometime in the second half of the 18th century, communities of creeks living along the banks of the Chattahoochee River severed political and social ties with all of their neighbors and relocated to northern Florida.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[11] There they, with the consent of the Spanish, settled in their new villages and began to be called Seminoles.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The name is alleged to have derived from the Spanish word cimarrón, meaning “fugitive” or “untamed”.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[2] The first time the name Seminole appeared in documents in 1765. At the time, the name meant a small camp of creeks that had fled to northwestern Florida, but quickly the Seminole name spread westward as well.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Less than a hundred years later, the name was used for all Florida Indians.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[12] Livelihoods like the Native Americans of the Southeast region, the Seminoles were originally hunter-gatherers albeit with an increase in animal husbandry in the 19th century.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The main game was formed from deer, hares and other wild animals.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

When catching alligators, the Seminoles often resorted to fire-hunting, where a critter swimming in the water was dazzled by a torch.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The alligator was then speared from the canoe and its leak was put hanging on the scaffolding.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The Florida Seminoles also caught manatees.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Of the big game animals, they most appreciated the black bear, the discovery of traces of which always led to an immediate organization of a hunting party.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Along with bear meat, the Seminoles recovered animal fat, from which the oil made played a significant role in cooking and treating various diseases.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[13] Other livelihoods may mention trading and farming.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Like the Creeks, the Seminoles cultivated corn, bean, and pumpkin.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[14] Villages Florida Seminole villages were built in marshy areas near rivers.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The roofs of their wallless chickee huts were made of palmetto palm leaves and the structure was fixed on top of tall wooden posts.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

An empty space nearly a metre high was left between the wooden platform that served as a floor and a ladder was boarded into the hut.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

The raised floor prevented the hut from sinking during floods and protected residents from snakes in the Everglades.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

During rough weather, open walls were protected by sailcloth or hides.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

These types of buildings were ideally suited to the climate of Florida's marshlands and their construction was rapid.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[15] As early as the 1770s, naturalist William Bartram documented nine Seminole villages in northern Florida where huts were surrounded by crops and gardens.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[16] Marriage and Clans The Seminoles were divided into clans and clan membership was inherited from the mother's side.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

A spouse was chosen from outside their own clan and polygamy also existed until it was banned during the 20th century.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Although the Seminoles considered it inappropriate to marry those not in the community, mixed marriages became common as early as the 19th century.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[17] There were dozens of clans and many of their members belonged to several clans.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Other clans in a more prominent position were the hataka and chiloki, the former having responsibility for matters of society and religion in the aftermath's handling of war affairs.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[18] Other clans also had their own responsible functions.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Some of the clans are still active and always elect two members from among them to represent their clan in the Seminole national central government.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

This legislative body meets at least four times a year.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

[11] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Andersson, Rani-Henrik & Henriksson, Markku| title = Native Americans — North American Indigenous History | publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-952-495-162-3| format = [Indians] (HTML) | accessdate = 21.6.2017}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gibson, Arrell| title= The Kickapoos: Lords of the Middle Border| publisher = University of Oklahoma Press| year = 1975| id=ISBN 978-0806112640| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Katz, William Loren| title= Black Indians: A Hidden Heritage| publisher = Atheneum Books for Young Readers| year = 2012| id = ISBN 0-87196-850-9| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mulroy, Kevin| title= The Seminole Freedmen: A History| publisher = University of Oklahoma Press; | year = 2016| id=ISBN 978-0806153476| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Santoro, Nicholas J.| title= Atlas of the Indian Tribes of North America| publisher = iUniverse| year = 2009| id=ISBN 978-1-4401-0795-5| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Virrankoski, Pentti| title = North American Indians - culture and history of Native American peoples from Rio Grande to Yukon River| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 1994| id = ISBN 951-717-7887| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Waldman, Carl| title= Atlas of North American Indian| publisher = Facts of File publications| year = 1985| id=ISBN 0-87196-850-9| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

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Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Waldman, Carl| title= Encyclopedia of Indian Tribes| publisher = Checkmark Book| year = 2006| id=ISBN 978-0816062744| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles


Question: Which US state is home to the largest group of black Seminoles today?

Seminoles

References Category:Indigenous peoples


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Suomenlinna () is a sea fortress located off Helsinki.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

As a historical monument and attraction, its cultural value is significant and is a strong part of Helsinki's identity.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Construction work on Suomenlinna started in 1748 and until 1918 it was known as Viapori in Finnish based on its Swedish name Sveaborg.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Suomenlinna was annexed to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1991.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Suomenlinna is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Finland.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The fort has hundreds of thousands of visitors each year; the visitor record set in 2013 was 828,000 visitors.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[1] A number of concerts and cultural events are held in Suomenlinna.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

A wide variety of cafes and restaurants are located on the islands.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Suomenlinna is renovated and maintained by the Suomenlinna Nursing Municipality, an agency under the Ministry of Education and Culture.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Today, the only military facility on the islands is the Naval War School on Little Black.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The Suomenlinna Prison, established in 1971, is also located in Suomenlinna, on the southern tip of the Great Mustasaari Institute.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

A key part of the repair work on walls, ramparts and buildings is carried out in convict work.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Suomenlinna has places for about 100 prisoners.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[2] Geography The fortress is located on five of the eight islands in the Suomenlinna district.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

They are Kustaansword, Wolf Island, Big Mustasaari, Little Mustasaari and Western Black, which are connected by either a bridge or a land isthmus.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The strait that once existed between Wolf Island and Gustaansword has been filled in.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The Kustaanmiekka Strait runs along the eastern side of the group of these islands and Särkänsalmi on the western side, which are the main shipping lanes leading from the open sea to Helsinki's Kruunuvuorenselä and the Southern Harbour.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[3] Suomenlinna has a land area of 2.21 square kilometres.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[4] Attractions Especially in summer, Suomenlinna is a particularly popular attraction for tourists visiting Helsinki, as well as residents of Helsinki.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

For summer days and sunbathing, the fortress islands have a bathing beach, several lawns and numerous sites of cultural historical importance.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The King's Gate is a gateway to Suomenlinna on the southern tip of Suomenlinna, on the banks of the Kustaanmiekka Strait.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

It was initially the primary entrance to the Suomenlinna fort and is generally regarded as the emblem of Suomenlinna.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Its image was also on the thousand-mark banknote between 1986 and 2002.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[5] [6] The large bailiary in Susisaari with its surrounding buildings is the old administrative centre of the fortress.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The section between Bastions Ekeblad and Höpke was converted in the early 1750s into Finland's first monumental square applying Late Baroque composition principles.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[7] In the middle of the square is the tomb monument of Augustin Ehrensvärd, whose main stone of the tomb was masked by Gustav III himself on 5 July 1783.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The granite cauldron was sculpted by Nils Stenstam.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[7] Some of the buildings surrounding the square were destroyed by artillery shelling during the Crimean War, but what remained was the Commandant's House, which now houses the Ehrensvärd Museum.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The Linnanyard is also flanked by the House of Local Majuri, completed in 1756, which is the oldest apartment building in Suomenlinna and all Helsinki since its inception.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[8] [9] Suomenlinna Church is located in Big Mustasaari.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

It was built 1850—1854 in Orthodox style with onion towers, but was converted in the 1920s to its present Lutheran outfit.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[10] There is a lighthouse in the church tower that flashes four short flickers, which is Morse alphabet H like Helsinki.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[11] The museum submarine Vesikko is positioned at the southeastern tip of Susisaari.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Vesikko graduated in 1933 and served in the Finnish Navy during the Winter and Continuation War.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Beach Barracks The waterfront barracks plastered in pink are the main gate built in the Russian period of the fortress.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The facilities at the eastern end of the waterfront barracks include a recording studio and study rooms.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

At the west end are the brewery's premises, a restaurant and a gallery of the Helsinki Artists' Association.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[12] Crown Castle Ehrensvärd Kronululinna Ehrensvärd is a type of equipment consisting of two wing buildings and a defensive front between them.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The foundation stone of the crown castle was laid by King Gustav III of Sweden in 1775.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The crown castle protected the dock area and the depot and had shipyard production and offices housed on both wings.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Today, Kruunulinna Ehrensvärd houses the Suomenlinna Nursing Board office, kindergarten, apartments and the Pirunchurch Banquet Hall and Pajasali, which are rented to the public for banqueting and meeting purposes.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[13] Bastioni Zander Bastioni Zander has the flag of the fortress emblazoned throughout the history of the fortress.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Bastioni Zander was built in 1748-50 as part of a chain of fortifications of four bastions.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[14] Tunnels, especially on Gustaansword and Wolf Island, are popular.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Some of them have been closed due to the risk of caving in.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Movement in other tunnels is allowed.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The tunnels are not illuminated.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[15] King's Gate Great Bailiard Suomenlinna Church


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Vesikko Rantakasarmi Kruunulinna Ehrensvärd, east wing Flag bastioni Zaneri Suomenlinna Shipyard in Suomenlinna, in the northern part of Susisaari is a shipyard where warships were originally built.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

After World War II, the shipyard was owned by Valmet and ships handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations were built there.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The former Suomenlinna and Korkeasaari ferries were also built there.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Suomenlinna Shipyard is the oldest dry dock in Finland.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[16] Today the Suomenlinna shipyard operates Alfons Håkans Oy.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The length of the larger inner basin of the dry dock is 140 metres and the width is 50 m. The smaller outdoor basin measures 120 metres and 20 metres wide.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

A 5-metre deep waterway leads to the dock pools.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[17] It is Finland's only dry dock east of Hanko.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

It mainly repairs naval and border guard vessels, but local ships, tugs and ships operating on Saimaa are also under repair and winter storage at the shipyard.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[18] Transport links to Suomenlinna are served by the Suomenlinna ferry of Helsinki Region Transport (HSL) from the Market Square, as well as private water buses in summer.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

HSL's ferry operates year-round.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The ferry has varied over time, but especially the original M/S Suomenlinna-Sveaborg, built in the 1950s, gained a legendary reputation.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

M/S Suomenlinna II, which replaced the ship, gained quite a questionable reputation in the early stages due to numerous small havers.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

In addition, the Katajanokka tip can be reached on weekdays to Suomenlinna by car ferry Ehrensvärd.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[18] Suomenlinna also runs through an undersea service tunnel, approximately 1300 metres long (about 4 metres in width and height) completed in 1980 with district heating, plumbing and sewer pipes, as well as electricity and telephone cables.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Only alarm vehicles use the service tunnel.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[18] The mouth of the tunnel is on the mainland side at the Ounisaari pier in Kaivopuisto, and the head of Suomenlinna is on West Mustasaari.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

According to urban legend, there is also a tunnel from Suomenlinna to the neighbouring Vallisaari, but this is not true [19].


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

History Construction Background Sweden had suffered a defeat in the War of the Hats 1741—1743 against Russia, and was forced to cede even more territories in addition to the defeats in the 1721 Peace of Uusikaupunki.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

In the peace of Turku, it lost Kymenlaakso down to the western branch of the Kymi river and with it as the border fortress of Hamina.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The border town became the town of Loviisa, founded on the lands of Degerby's Mounted Farm in 1745.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

After the War of the Hats, efforts were made to strengthen the Finnish defences in order to leave time to send reinforcements from Sweden.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

In 1747, a special fortifications commission proposed the construction of fortifications in Loviisa and Helsinki.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The intention was to both fortify the towns and build sea fortresses in front of them.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Once completed, the sea fortifications posed a threat to the security of Petersburg, since the bases held in addition to the defensive coastal fleet could also have provided the Swedish High Seas Fleet with ports and fortifications from which to hand attack towards Petersburg.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Sweden and Russia had fought many wars in the Gulf of Finland and Finland in the 18th century.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

With these wars, the countries' military political focus shifted during the 18th century to the Gulf of Finland, and both kingdoms also fortified their land borders.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The key idea for Sweden was to have its own coastal fleet and base for the eastern part of the kingdom, since there would have been no time to send ships from Karlskrona or Stockholm to protect the eastern border, especially at the time of the departure of the ice in the spring.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Some of the fleet had been wintering in Kruunuvuori's back at the time of the Great Wrath.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

France was alarmed by the growth of Russian influence and committed to supporting Swedish fortress operations in Finland with 450,000 bucks per year for four years.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Both Suomenlinna and the Svartholma Sea Fortress, which was elevated off Loviisa, began to be built in 1748.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The construction work at Suomenlinna was led by fortress officer Augustin Ehrensvärd.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Instead, the fortification of the cities themselves fell badly short of cash and eventually ceased altogether.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Building material for the regions was obtained at least from the rural municipality of Helsinki (now.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

Vantaa), Santahamina and Souka, Espoo.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

In large part, however, the stones needed to build the walls were quarried from the rocks of the islands themselves.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The construction works at Suomenlinna were never completed to the extent referred to by Ehrensvärd.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

In 1756, an archipelago fleet subordinate to the land forces, the Army Navy, was established at Viapori.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

During the Gustav War, Viapori served as a repair yard for the archipelago fleet and contributed to enabling the victory of the 1790 Naval Battle of Ruotsinsalmi.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

The period of Russian rule during the early stages of the Finnish War in 1808, the Russians entered Finland by land and quickly occupied a large part of southern Finland.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

They also besieged Viapori, where they reached from the mantere by ice, and after a siege lasting two months, the fortress led by Carl Olof Cronstedt surrendered on 3 May 1808.


Question: Who built Krepost Sveaborg?

Suomenlinna

[20] After Finland became part of Russia, the Russians continued to build the fortress according to their own plans.