Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

[71] In any case, the first sources of documents related to Finland date back to the second half of the 12th century, and thus it can be attributed to the beginning of the historical era in Finland directly from the Middle Ages.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

In Finland and Sweden, the new age in general is said to have begun with the rise of Gustav Vasa to power in 1523.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

In this case, the emergence and reformation of nation states is seen as a key transformation, which are considered to be at the bottom of the periodic division.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

On the other hand, socio-historically oriented research emphasizes that the basic structures of society remained very stable in Finland for a long time into the 16th century.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Thus, the border between the Middle Ages and the New Age may also have been considered, for example, the 1570s.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

[72] See also Medieval Research 12th Century Renaissance Medieval University Chinese Middle Ages Medieval Thermal Age Little Ice Age Cathedral School Dark Ages Invented Middle Ages Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikkilä, Thomas & Niskanen, Samu| title = European Genesis: Medieval History| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-37-4182-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Honour, Hugh & Fleming, John| title = History of World Art| number = European Medieval | location = in Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1992| version = (A world history of Art.)


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Translated by Marja Itkonen-Kaila and others | id = ISBN 951-1-11486-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Klemettilä, Hannele| title = Medieval Kitchen| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-796-493-7} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sarajas-Korte, Salme (major ed.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

) | title = Ars: Finnish Art 1| location = Espoo| publisher = Weilin + Göös| year = 1987| id = ISBN 951-35-4202-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Zetterberg, Seppo (ed.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

) | title = Little Giant of World History | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| id = ISBN 951-0-15101-7}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alnæs, Karsten| title = European History.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Awakening: 1300—1600| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2004| version = (Historien om Europa: Oppvåkning, 2003.)


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Translated by Heikki Eskelinen| isbn = 951-1-19405-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Brunner, Otto| title = European Medieval Social History | location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoise | year = 1992| version = (Sozialgeschichte Europas im Mittelalter, 1978).


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Translated and edited by Tapani Hietaniemi| isbn=951-9066-51-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikkilä, Tuomas & Niskanen, Samu| title = European Birth.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Medieval history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2004| isbn=951-37-4182-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Colorful Stages of Humanity 2.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

East Middle Ages.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Knighthood.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

New-age shoo| location = Porvoo Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1971| version = (Connaissance de l'histoire.)


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Editor-in-chief: Jacques-Francis Rolland.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Translation: Kai Kaila.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Delivery by Finnish institution: Riitta Suomalainen.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Finnish expert reviewer: Veikko Litzen}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Katajala-Peltomaa, Sari & Toivo, Raisa Maria| title = Witch Wife and Virgin Mother.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Women's everyday life from the Middle Ages to the new age| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2009| isbn = 978-951-796-594-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Klemettilä, Hannele| title = Middle Ages cruelty | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2008| isis| bn = 978-951-796-517- 0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lamberg, Marko & Niiranen, Susanna (ed.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

) | title = Middle Age| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2002| isbn = 951-796-270-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lamberg, Marko & Lahtinen, Anu & Niiranen, Susanna (ed.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

) | title = Middle Ages key| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2009| isbn = 978-951-746-953-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lehtonen, Tuomas M. S.| title = Middle Ages Spring.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Writings about the roots of European culture| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1997| isbn = 951-0-21907-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Litzen, Veikko| title = Medieval cultural history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1974| isbn = 951- 662-073-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mäkinen, Virpi| title = Middle Ages History.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Perspectives on the development of science, economic and social theories in the 12th to 13th centuries| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2003| isbn = 951-796-310-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niiranen, Susanna & Lamberg, Marko (ed.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

) | title = Mirror of Wonders.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Medieval human worldview| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 1998| isbn = 951-796-122-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Great World History of Otava 8.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Middle Age| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1984| version = Editor-in-chief Erling Bjøl.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Translated by Heikki Eskelinen| isbn=951-1-07825-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Erik Kjersgaard & Toels Dahlerup| title = The Great World History of Otava 9.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Late Middle Ages and Renaissance| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1984| version = Editor-in-chief Erling Bjøl.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Translated by Heikki Eskelinen| isbn = 951-1-08056-3| page = 211—216}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Setälä, Daily| title = Middle Ages woman| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1996| isbn = 951-1-13305-5}} Citation, error replace with {{cite book| author = Utrio , Arch| title = Family Book.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

History of the European family| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 1998| isbn = 951-31-1151-2}} On topic elsewhere (Archives Institute).


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Jussi Katajala site.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

Primary sources of the Middle Ages.


Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

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Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

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Question: Who were the Vandals in the Early Middle Ages?

Middle Ages

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Video game impact research has been going on for almost as long as video games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Researchers from several different fields have spent decades trying to find or dispute the connection e.g.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

between video games and human aggression.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

While at least the 2010s, studies related to the gaming industry were more focused on negative effects, largely due to research on aggression, but research on both positive and other effects has begun to increase.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Since the early 1980s, video game advocates have stressed the status of video games as a single art genre [1], arguing for the protection of games under the guise of dominant free speech laws, and raised the issue of the exploitation of games as an educational tool [2].


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The wide and diverse effects of video games on society and individuals have since resurfaced as gaming culture has changed to an increasingly large number of people, as a time soon past watching TV.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[3] Positive Effects Research Although the negative effects of Games have been more visible in the public eye, positive effects have also been studied.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Gaming has been suggested to have a positive association with e.g.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

to the social, cognitive and psychological characteristics of a person.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[4] [5] For example, playing Super Mario 64 has been found to increase the amount of grey matter in the brain, from which researchers have concluded that video games could provide therapeutic treatment for psychiatric disorders.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[6] Researchers are inspired by the potential of video games to also affect people's well-being by preventing and treating mental health problems, although games tailored to that purpose are still few.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[7] Prosociality Prosociality refers to the expression of behavior that is positive, helpful, and designed to advocate social acceptance and kindness [8].


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The field of research on the effects of games on social characteristics is rather saturated from negative research results, but positive associations have also been found.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

As a counterbalance to the negative effects that caused violent games, sociality-enhancing games in which the player is helpful while playing have been studied to reduce aggressive behavior, thinking and influence, and to increase pro-social behaviour, thinking and influence in players.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[5] Multiplayer games have also been studied to increase socially profitable thinking.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[9] A 2014 study compared feelings of guilt in game situations to real-life situations.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The study showed that immoral acts committed in a game can produce a sense of guilt comparable to feelings of guilt experienced in real-life situations, but also that acting against morality in video games can lead to increased moral sensitivity among players.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[10] Cognitive skills Cognitive skills can be described as mental processes through which information is gained and understood about oneself, others, and the environment.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Cognitive skills are usually combined with problem-solving skills, perceptual ability, and creativity.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[11] Some commercial companies have argued for a long time that games have a positive effect on players' intelligence, but the inability of companies to prove such claims has also been much criticised.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[12] Although some commercial companies have not been able to prove the positive influences of gaming on cognition, many academic studies have nevertheless been able to do so.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

studies suggest that playing action games improves visuomotor skills such as peripheral vision sensitivity, the ability to resist distractions, and the ability to count objects visible only for a moment.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[13] [14] Christopher Ferguson, in his meta-analysis of measures of visual spin, visual memory, visual attention span and other similar characteristics, suggested that violent games and possibly video games in general have a strong positive association also for spatial perceiving.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[4] Customized games that highlight positive effects can be used to determine cognitive abilities and utilized as a powerful tool for cognitive skill enhancement, such as e.g.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

improves older people's ability to do many things at the same time (multitasking).


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[15] Stress Relief Gaming has been studied to have several motivating causes, and one of them is the desire to relieve stress.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[16] Research suggests that immersion in the game world can be experienced as a relaxing way to eschew everyday stress, and can also provide a distraction from pain, neurotic habits, or addiction to tobacco, for example.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[17] A 2009 study tested how Bejeweled 2, Bookworm adventures and Peggle affect mood and stress levels.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Each of the games studied showed signs of improving the state of mind, but Bejeweled 2 also showed distinct stress-relieving properties [18].


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The social effects of video games can also help relieve stress in children by providing talking topics that allow them to relate to each other and make mates.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Playing video games can also raise self-esteem in those children who have difficulties in some aspect of life but are able to do things right in a video game.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[19] Pedagogical Benefits The association of video games with teaching has been studied for several decades, but academic articles on the subject did not begin to appear properly until the 21st century, [2] since which time interest in the subject has continued to grow.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[20] Video game play has been studied to link to a number of illustrative, cognitive, affective and motivational effects in learning, overriding motivational and positive effects on information acquisition and knowledge comprehension.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[14] Although research on pedagogical benefits does not generally focus on the side of physical education, video gaming has also been successfully made a mutual part of it in the form of active games, e.g.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

at a US Sea Shore junior high school.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[21] One obstacle to video game-based teaching may be teachers either by rejecting an idea altogether or by being passive towards that method of teaching.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The functionality and deployment of video games-based teaching depends a lot on the attitude of the classroom teacher to pursue that method of teaching.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[22] For 40 years now, good behaviour games studied in the United States have varying effects on poor classroom behaviour among students, according to a 2014 analysis, but for the most part the effects have been positive.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[23] Also, utility games have been found to contribute to more effective player learning compared to e.g.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

for normal instructions or when players try to act in groups.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[24] According to research discussed at the American Psychological Association meeting in 2008, certain styles of video games can develop the fine motor skills and problem-solving abilities of the player's hands.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

A study based on 33 laparoscopic surgeries (endoscopy of the abdominal cavity) showed that surgeons who played video games were 27 per cent quicker at surgery operations and made 37 per cent fewer mistakes than those surgeons who had not played video games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

According to another study of 303 laparoscopy surgeries (82% male, 18% female), surgeons who played video games requiring space perception and dexterity were significantly faster in the test situation than surgeons who had not played video games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[25] Negative impact research The negative effects of video games on psychological health and sociability has been relatively much talked about in the scientific field.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Research results are often contradictory and the result is largely influenced by the genre of the game, the age of the subjects as well as the quality of the research [26].


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

It is precisely because of this contradiction that a valid theory for why video games would cause violence, for example, has not been found.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

One meta-analytical review [27] of morbid gaming research concluded that about 3.0% of players may experience some symptoms of morbid gaming.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The report drew attention to the problematic nature of defining and measuring morbid gaming and reached the conclusion that morbid gambling behaviors are more likely to arise from other hidden mental health problems than vice versa.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Studies also often take into account the repetitiveness and quantity of gambling, and research on the negative effects of games is no exception.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Long-term gambling has been noted to greatly increase the risk of negative effects [28].


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Addiction Video game addiction refers to the excessive or compulsive use of a computer and video games that interfere with a person's daily life.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The word 'addiction' is often combined with the ingestion of alcohol, drugs, food or other substances, but the activity can also be addictive.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

In March 2013, the American Psychiatric Federation (APA) introduced criteria for video game addiction.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Due to lack of evidence, video game addiction could not be officially classified as a mental illness.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[29] However, the APA acknowledged that lavishly playing a video game may result in some or all of the same symptoms as drug addiction or other proposed psychological illnesses.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The Chung Ang University study monitored and compared changes in parts of the brain in university students.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Study subjects actively played various pre-selected video games for six weeks.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Changes and increased stimulation, particularly in the frontal lobe and cortex of the brain, suggest similar outcomes observed in the early stages of most common addictions.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

These changes, combined with increased and active video game playing, would seem to suggest the appearance of an early stage of video game addiction in the brain.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

There have been reported cases of consumers playing obsessively, isolating themselves from all social contact down to friends and family.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[30] In these cases, users have focused almost exclusively on in-game achievements at the expense of wider real-life events.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Loss of sense of time can also cause neglect of scheduled appointments and guilt over time spent which could have been spent “better” despite what this better spent time could have been spent on.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

This might be due to the stigma of video games as a bad time, so to speak, while reading a book, for example, is considered a more acceptable leisure activity.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Time loss is also closely related to immersion.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

There have also been cases where poor success in games would have led to other mental illnesses or even suicide.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[31] Aggression Aggression is undisguised and often hostile behavior that can manifest itself as offensiveness, extreme competitiveness, and various forms of destructive behavior, among other things.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Since the late 90s, research into the negative effects of video games has gained great publicity as perpetrators of various acts of hostility have been noted to have histories as active video game players.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

An increasing proportion of video game-related research and researchers attribute playing violent video games to aggressive cognitions, attitudes, and behavioral patterns.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[32] Several studies support this hypothesis [33] [34] [35].


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Other studies find no association [36] [37] [38] or find opposite results (positive effects mentioned above).


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The general aggression model [26] argues that violence imitated from real life in video games might affect the player's thoughts, emotions, and physical body function.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

This, in turn, creates a short-term (and possibly longer-term) effect on an individual's interpretation of aggressive or violent activity.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The connection and impact of playing video games on user violence is often studied, particularly in adolescents still in developmental stages.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

One study [32] monitored six hundred pupils in grades 8-9 and compared students who played video games actively and were exposed to video game violence several times, less and less frequently with students playing violent games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Young people who were more exposed to the violence of the games were more hostile, more often found themselves in word bars with classmates and teachers, performed worse in school and were more likely to be involved in fights.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

In this study, a clear link was found between hostility and exposure to violent games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Also in 2010, a meta-analysis published by Anderson's group [39] found a link between violence and video games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The international study compiled results from 130 studies and a total of 130,000 participants that suggested that exposure to violent video games caused both short- and long-term aggression in players and reduced the individual's empathy ability and communal behavior.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

However, it has also been suggested that the difficulty of the game would be a key factor in the negative consequences the games cause for the user [40], and by no means violent.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Difficult play causes feelings of frustration and irritation in the player, and constant failure can erupt as mood fluctuations even outside the game.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Furthermore, the rise in aggressiveness has been explained through dehumanization.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[41] Game characters subjected to violence lack human traits, which makes killing these characters emotionally easier, as the player perceives the characters as animals or becomes aware of their virtuality and inhumanity, again increasing aggressive behavior so in the game as outside the game.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Inhumanity as an enhancer of violence is explicitly related to the inferiority of the characters being targeted more than the experience of one's own “superiority”.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Research has also been done by observing brain activity.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Magnetic depth imaging of activity has been used to study changes in brain activity in the context of violent video games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

It has been noticed that participants who participated in violent game play showed increased activity in the almond nuclei and a decrease in activity in the forebrain lobe [42].


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The change in the forebrain lobe might be similar to that of damaging mental illnesses, and if this change is universal, the effects of violent video games would not be companionship of any underlying aggressive nature [43].


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

According to Sciart (2009), the majority of people are able to distinguish the internal moral code of games from normal life, not turning into the so-called moral zombie that games could modify.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[44] Also, Boyle and Hibberd (2005) confirm the same view that violent video games have not been shown to cause any sustained or sustained intensification of aggression or violence.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

It has been speculated that actual violence and its spectacular news coverage provide far more powerful paragons than fictional or games violence.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[45] Furthermore, the observation has emerged that game-related aggression may be driven by the competitiveness of games, not so much the violence within games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

A research review published in Sweden in 2012 concluded that game violence and violent behaviour do not have a clear cause-and-effect relationship.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The review went through 106 empirical studies from 2000 to 2011 on the relationship between gaming violence and aggressive behavior and the review concludes that, for example, a broken family background has a significantly greater impact on the behavior of children and adolescents than games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[46] The Journal of Youth and Adolescence published a study in 2013 that found that games of violence do not increase violent behavior.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[47] In the study, adolescents answered questions about playing computers, and assessed their own aggressive behavior, mental health, social networks and the stress they experienced.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Surveys were conducted using standardized test forms.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Violent behavior and aggression cannot be explained by one or two factors alone.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

There are always a number of different factors in the background [48] and you can't label video games, parents, media or even society as the culprit.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Other studies and phenomena In addition to the study of positive and negative effects, the causes of the above effects have been studied from an individual's point of view, without looking at the effects specifically because of their positive or negative aspects.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Several other studies have also been conducted, with the aim of finding new phenomena or perspectives on the effects of playing video games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Theories as to why video games would increase violent behavior are several.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Attempts have been made to explain this connection, for example through players' identification with a video game character [49] [50], which has been studied to result in what is known as an altered self-image in which the player feels that they empathize with a game character, for example a soldier or criminal, and as if adopting a character identity during or even after the gaming experience.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The phenomenon has been used as a cause in a few murder cases where the perpetrator has experienced identification with the game character so much that he has begun to implement his ideology in real life.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[51] [52] On the other hand, this phenomenon is also closely related to gameplay immersion and the improvement of the gaming experience.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Behavior change has also been addressed through attachment to a character or varied social interaction that varies between players the more social the person while playing is.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[53] In the study, “prosocial” players who play because of social interaction felt stronger control over their game character and did not feel as strong identification as less social players, who tend to have a reduced sense of responsibility when playing so to speak antisocially, that is, when seeking a gaming experience without interacting with other players or even disrupting the experience of other players (griefing).


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Playing violent video games has also been studied to lower pain tolerance as well as increase risk-taking behavior, which can lead to an increased risk of suicide.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[54] Individuals who played the shooting game endured longer pain as measured by Cold Pressor Task, or CPT, and took even more risks in the dice game than those who played the driving game.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The association with suicide stems from the reduction in fear of death produced by these factors and the understatement of the amount of pain produced for the self.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

In his dissertation, Salokoski (2005) examined game violence and so-called risk gambling, which refers to the preference for violent games and the high consumption of games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

According to Salokoski, risk gambling is more common in boys than girls and is linked to behaviour, aggression and restlessness that embodies poor self-control of the child.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The role of parents as active supervisors of gaming is a prerequisite for a safe gaming hobby.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Risk players exhibited different gambling motives than players in general.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

The preference for games with violence was linked to fantasizing about violence, a desire to fight, and a lack of empathy, while high consumption was linked to gaming for the purpose of regulating emotions, i.e., a desire to escape everyday life and responsibilities, and to defuse pressure through gameplay.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Violence in games and immersion in games can meet the needs of some children that are unresponsive to by the real world.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

For example, there may be unmet social or emotional needs in the background.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

In this case, one's own emotions are projected into the games and approval for their own violent behaviour is sought.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

Risk gambling may therefore be underlying problems in real life that are escaped or where relief is sought from games.


Question: How are video games researched?

Video Game Impact Study

[55] See also Video Game Addiction Immersio Payplay Game Research Sources Category:Game Research


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Conservatism (neo-lat.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

conservatismus, from the Latin word conservare 'preserve') is a political ethnicity trend that advocates tradition and traditional values, opposes subversion and radicalism, and seeks moderation of reform.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[1] Conservatism emerged as a counter-effect of the Great French Revolution at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries and positioned itself in opposition to the liberalism and socialism that developed in the Enlightenment period.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Conservatism emphasizes the value of social forms that emerged along the path of historical development.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

In society, institutions such as the family, religion and the military, which guarantee moral order, are the safeguards of continuity.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[2] [3] In the left-right confrontation that describes the political spectrum, conservatism has traditionally been placed on the right.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

After initially being opposed to the doctrines of liberalism and democracy, conservatism later became pro-capitalism.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Conservatives embraced nationalism and the nation became a central community of conservatism.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

In its economic conceptions, conservatism, like liberalism, emphasizes the importance of private ownership and free market economics.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Conservative politics has also adopted social policies implemented in moderation.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[2] [3] History The importance of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional at a particular time in a particular place.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Thus, conservatives in different countries may disagree on many issues.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Political conservatism emerged as a defence of the monarchy and aristocracy against enlightenment objects emphasizing freedom and equality.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

These ideas and the growth of bourgeoisie wealth formed the backdrop to the independence of the United States in 1776 and especially the French Revolution of 1789.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[2] The British Edmund Burke formulated the principles of British conservatism in his book Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790).


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Burke he attributed the rejection of traditional-based values to lead society to turmoil.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Burke favoured a moderate British monarchy, while the French Count Joseph de Maistre called for a return to an unlimited monarchy.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

After the Napoleonic Wars, France came a period of restoration.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

The word conservatism was reportedly first used in Le Conservatour (1818—20), a newspaper advocating the restoration of the monarchy.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[2] The genesis of American conservatism is associated with the Federalist Party, which, like Burke, demanded control over each other by various state powers.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

In the view of the Federalists, in the absence of traditional nobility, the best abilities to govern lay with the “natural” nobility, whose position was based on wealth and civility.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[2] The Englishman Benjamin Disraeli and the Prussian Otto von Bismarck sought to break the growth in support of liberalism and socialism by worrying about social improvements.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

The nationality cause evolved from a progressive-liberal to a preserving factor.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Nationalist sentiments were invoked against political, religious or national minorities.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

This was done, for example, in France during the Dreyfus affair.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Russia's most famous conservative influencer was Konstantin Pobedonostsev, who had great influence on the policies of Alexander III.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[2] Parties In several countries right-wing parties form the political basis of conservatism, although the political agenda of many right-wing parties cannot be said to be conservative in its entirety.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Such parties have included Christian Democratic and Christian Social parties.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[2] In Europe, conservative or liberal-conservative parties have included the centre-right British Conservative Party, the French Republicans, the German Christian Democratic Union, Forza Italia, the Norwegian Conservative Party and the Swedish Moderate Coalition.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

In Finland, the centre-right National Coalition has received votes from conservatives and liberals.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

The Christian Democrats in Finland represent Christian Democratic and the Finnish Foundation represents Christian Social Value Conservatism.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

In the United States, conservatism is combined with the Republican Party, but there are also a number of small conservative parties in the country, as well as conservative NGOs.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Within organized conservatism, there are several trends that differ markedly.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

From World War II until the 1970s and 1980s, the most influential conservative trend on the right was New Conservatism (Finnish.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

'neoconservatism').


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

[4] Since then, the Christian right, neoconservatism, also called neoconservatism, and paleoconservatism have become stronger in the country.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

See also Gaullism Conservatism Reactionalism Neo-conservatism Neo-right Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Suvanto, Pekka| title = Conservatism from the French Revolution to the 1990s| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical club| year = 1994| id=ISBN 951-710-004-3}} References On the topic elsewhere Nigel Barber:.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Psychology Today, The Human Beast blog April 19, 2011.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the opposite of conservatism?

Conservatism

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Helsinki Central Railway Station (aik.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Helsinki railway station,,) is a well-known landmark of Helsinki and the focal point of public transport in the metropolitan area of Kluuv district.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

All commuter trains in the metropolitan area depart from the station and it is also the most significant departure point for long-distance trains in Finland.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The Rautatientori metro station, located beneath the station, is the busiest station on the Helsinki Metro.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In addition, trains to St. Petersburg and Moscow depart from Helsinki Central Station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The railway was built in Helsinki in the 1860s.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Designed by architect Eliel Saarinen in the early 20th century, the granite station building is known for its bell tower and statues of Lantern Bearers by sculptor Emil Wikström.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[1] Helsinki Central Station has become a symbol of the railways in Finland as a whole.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Among other things, VR uses Helsinki Central Station and stone statues adjacent to its main entrance in its advertising.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[2] General Information Helsinki Central Railway Station is located in the heart of Helsinki, in the Kluuvi district at Kaivokatu 1.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[3] The main facade of the station building is on the side of Kaivokatu.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

On the east side of the station is the Railway Market, on the west side the Asema Square and the Elielin Square.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Finnair City Bus's route ends at Elielinaukio.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

From the station leads Asematunneleli to the underground floor of Kaivokatu ali City Center (Makkaratalo).


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The station also provides access to the Rautatientori metro station located beneath it.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Helsinki Central Railway Station is a hub for commuter, long-distance rail and metro traffic throughout the metropolitan area.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

With 240000 [4] passengers passing through the station daily, it is the busiest building in Finland by number of visitors.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Approximately half of the walkers are train passengers.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[5] On weekdays, more than one hundred long-distance trains and about 850 commuter trains enter and depart from the station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[6] The core of the station building is formed by the central part of the station, which houses waiting halls, ticketing, kiosk hall and access to the station tunnel.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The railway board offices are housed in the eastern wing of the station, or the administration building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

A central post office also operated there before moving to the Post Office House, which was completed in the 1930s.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

VR's headquarters moved to Pasila in 2018.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

As a result, the east wing will be converted into the Scandic Hotel, which will open in 2021.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the 1970s, luggage storage facilities were placed in the underground spaces of the west wing.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the 2000s, a café and commercial space were built on the above-ground floor and offices and commercial premises are located on the upper floors.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[7] The station has about ten kiosks and restaurants that visit more than 20,000 customers every day [5].


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

History The coming of the railway when visiting Finland in 1856, Emperor Alexander II presented a programme to promote economic life.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In it, he stressed to promote the importance of connecting inland to seaports by canals and railways.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Thus, plans began to be made for Finland's first rail link from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[8] Helsinki line alignment and the location of the railway station In 1853, the northern edge of Hietalahti market was proposed as the site of the Helsinki Railway Station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Later in 1857 the neighbouring areas of Turku Barracks were proposed as the location of the railway station, the third option being the surroundings of the Kluuvi well.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Based on the surveys of the line carried out in the summer and autumn, it became clear how difficult the project was to build a railway in Helsinki at the tip of the cape.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Based on the findings, four options for the line were outlined.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The alignments differed in cost from each other very much.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the original plan, 40800 rubles were allocated for the main station on the track, but the price of the most expensive solution was estimated at 162000 rubles.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[9] [10] The cheapest option would have the line made a bend after Pasila and went around Töölönlahti.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the second alignment option, the line would have been drawn directly west of Pasila, past the Töölö Sugar Plant.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the third option, Pasila would have been passed straight and continued around Töölönlahti.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

At these interchanges, the railway station would have been located south of Turku Barracks.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the fourth option, the track would be pulled from Pasila directly across Töölönlahti and Kaisaniemi Park to Kluuvi, with the station coming immediately after Kluuvinpito.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

This option was the most expensive, and its cost was estimated at 107970 rubles.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

It required other options more to blow up the rock and fill in the Gulf of Kluuvi.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[9] [11] The first three options required that villas and other buildings be demolished on the shore of Töölönlahti, and beautiful and cultivated land from the surroundings of the city should be taken as a track area.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In addition, the cost of land expropriations would be significantly higher than under the fourth option.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

It was still noted that a sharp bend immediately after the railway station would consume more rails and the wheels of trains.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

This would result in a tilting hazard of the train, which would reduce the locomotive's traction power.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The straight line of track had the advantage of an unobstructed view of traffic from the station to the track.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Eventually it was concluded in favour of a fourth line option, and it was approved on 26 November 1857.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[12] [11] [13] The choice may also have been influenced by the fact that Knut Stjernvall, whose stepfather Carl Johan Walleen owned Hakasalmi villa on the western shore of Töölönlahti at the time.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The other three line alignments would have required the villa to be demolished.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[8] [14] Following the decision, the fate of the Kaisaniemi park next to the Kouluvi well began to be concerned about the fate of the Kaisaniemi Park.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

It was clear that the railroad would come to take over some of the areas of the park.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

At the request of the townspeople in 1859, the line of track was moved slightly to the east in order to save the park's two large and beautiful mounds.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[12] Filling the Gulf of Kluuvi The area for which the Helsinki railway station began to be planned is a former seabed.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the 19th century, the place was loam and smelly, with a water area used as a landfill and public latrine.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The Gulf of Kluuvi began to be filled in as early as the 1830s, but the filling began to be done when the railway began to be built.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[15] The bay was dammed at Hakasalmi, the Kluuvi marsh was stretched, and behind the dam a rock-edged collar pool was built, from which water was pumped by wind power to Töölönlahti.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Horseloads of sand were driven into the area over the decades.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[16] According to the plans of the 1830s, the area north of Kaivokatu and west of Mikonkatu was to be divided into two blocks, which would receive the name Hyena and Hilleri and which would be separated by Hakasalmenkatu, or present-day Keskus Street.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The decision to build the railway determined the fate of the blocks designated as Hyena and Hiller.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The final track plan was drawn up by Knut Stjernvall in 1859.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

He suggested that a spacious market should be created at the site of the Hyena Quarter on the east side of the rail yard.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[14] The minor buildings located on the Hyena Quarter were demolished, and it was converted into the present Railway Market.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The first railway station in Helsinki began to be built on the edge of the Hilleri block.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[17] The railway site changed Helsinki's cityscape considerably.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The railway was piled by large logs, and paved was installed along the flank of the bay.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The train tracks from Kaisaniemi Park had to be dumped, but efforts were made to save the park as much as possible.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[18] Rock blasted from Birdsong was submerged under the line coming to Töölönlahti.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[19] In March 1861 the railway embankment across Töölönlahti was complete.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Two stone-vaulted underpasses were built to accommodate water traffic.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The larger of the underpasses had 7 cubits and the smaller 3 cubits.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[18] The railway rails on the section were ordered from England and arrived by steamship in Helsinki's Southern Harbour in November 1857.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[19] The first station building According to the original plans, all station buildings on the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line had to be built of wood.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

However, it soon began to be hoped that the station building in the capital would be built using more valuable material.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[20] Railway construction was new in Finland and there were no ready designs for new station buildings [21].


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Thus, Häme County Architect Carl Albert Edelfelt was asked for drawings of various options, which were presented in October 1859.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The cost estimate for a smaller single-storey building was about 27000 rubles, and for a larger two-storey building about 40000 rubles.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The station, built of wood, would have cost only 18000 rubles.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The calculations did not include the cost of piling the foundation, which on the muddy Kluuvin Gulf shore was large.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[20] Traffic Counsellor Borgström and General Manager von Born supported the smallest wooden building as a temporary station building, as passenger numbers would be quite small until the line was extended from Hämeenlinna onwards.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In addition, the fire hazard at the station was assessed as moderately low, as the town settlement was not located exactly in the vicinity of the station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Commander-in-Chief Gyldén and Governor Antell supported the largest option and suggested that the station should be built at once large enough and permanent.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In addition, the fire safety of a stone building would be significantly superior to a wooden building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The small stone building was deemed too small, as waiting halls and traffic facilities were required for the station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In addition, workrooms for the Finnish Railway Board and apartments for station officials were to be placed upstairs.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the end, the vote for a new railway station was won by a large rocky station building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[20] Work on the 108 km section between Helsinki and Hämeenlinna started in 1858 [22].


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The first railway station building in Helsinki was completed in 1861, but it was not opened to traffic until 17 March 1862.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the early days, railway station sites were designated only in Swedish.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The Finnish name of Helsinki railway station was formalized in 1897.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[23] The station tracks were located right next to the station at the edge of Kaivokatu.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

A large timber-framed canopy was built over the piers.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Commuter passengers entered trains directly from the iron gate from Kaivokatu and only long-distance passengers passed through the station hall.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[24] The building was located closer to Kaivokattu than the current station building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Its gable pointed to Kaivokatu, and the main entrance was facing the Rautatientori.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[10] [25] All stations designed by Edelfelt were of a simple side station type, including the Helsinki station building, although it was located at the terminus of the line.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[26] On the north side of the station building, on the site of the current station's eastern wing, a goods station magazine was placed.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

An approximately eight hectare railway yard with locomotive stalls and engine yards was built on the station site.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The rail yard was located on the west side of the main line, approximately at the end of the west wing of the current station building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The locomotive hall had a seat for a total of 12 locomotives.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[27] Appearance Helsinki station was two-storey in the original drawings, with an octagonal clock tower at its north end [28].


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

However, the station building was built as a three-storey without a bell tower.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[24] Architecturally, it was a combination of Neo-Gothic and Neo-Renaissance, which were common styles of other railway stations in Europe at the time.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[28] [29] The old station building in Helsinki was like a romantic Pittoresque mansion whose small size and simple appearance also wanted to pay tribute to the Tsar and Peter.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[30] The Tudor style, brick-built and plastered station building was upholstered in natural stone.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[29] [25] In the original plans the station building was intended to be brick-faced, but in August 1860 plastering was added to the plan to achieve greater weather-resistance.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[10] On the station facade, Neo-Renaissance subjects included floor moldings and grouping of windows into shafts.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Gothic was alluded to by the tower's saddles, turells in the roof corners, and Tudor-themed arches in window and door openings.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[31] It is estimated that Edelfelt was influenced by the Helsinki railway station from his visit to England, the architecture of Carl Axel Setterberg, who was active in Vaasa, and the Peterhof Station designed by Nicholas Benois, which bore many similarities to that of Helsinki.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[32] Interior The entrance to the Helsinki station building was in the middle stages of the building, and directly opposite it were the baggage office and ticket sales and other premises of the station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[32] Train stations and trains had a different class division and therefore the stations built their own waiting rooms and restaurants for the first, second and third classes.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Station waiting rooms and restaurants were built on both ends of the first floor of the building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[33] At the southern end of the station were located the 1st and 2nd class waiting rooms and the 3rd class waiting room at the north end.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Both waiting rooms had their own class-divided restaurants attached.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The station did not have a central hall; instead, when entering the station platform, passengers circulated through waiting rooms.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[10] [32] The first floor also housed railway station branches, a civil service room, a lamp room and a ladies' room.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

On the second floor were the residence rooms of the railway master, stationmaster and kamreer.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The third floor housed the residences of the usher and engineering mechanic.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In addition, there was also storage space on the third floor.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[29] Unlike other railway stations, Helsinki station was equipped with gas lighting, as the city's first gas plant was recently completed next to the station, at the site of the current Postitalo.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[10] LayerExplanationsFloor Floor Floor Women's Toilet Kitchen?


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Luggage Conductors Break Room Lamp Room Kitchen 1st and 2nd Class Waiting Hall Serving Room Ticket Sales User?


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Serving Room 3rd Class Waiting Hall Telegraph Room Entrance Hall Main Entrance 2 Condo/Apartment Chamber Dining Room Utility Room Kitchen Railway Manager's Apartment Hallway Salon Archive Room Residential Room Residential Room Residential Room Residential Room Kamreer's Apartment Balcony3 Chamber Dining Room Utility Room Kitchen Storage Room Attic Hallway Hallway Hallway Salon?


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Children's room Kahmaster's apartment [34] Events The first train line from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna was run on 31 January 1862.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[35] Regular train service began on March 17, 1862.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[36] According to the schedule, the passenger train departed from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 8 a.m.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Return trips back to Helsinki departed on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 7 a.m.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In October of the same year, tidal intervals were increased to daily in each direction.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[21] In 1863, a total of 27241 tickets were sold from Helsinki station, and a total of 23977 tickets were sold from other stations to Helsinki.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[37] In 1863, the Finnish Riksdag was first organised, to which Emperor Alexander II also arrived as a guest.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

At the time, a space large enough to host a party could not be found in Helsinki, so it was decided to hold the party in the station hall of the railway station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

A temporary floor was built on the rails, the roof was covered with flower garlands.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The unrepresentative swamp was hidden under the imported rug.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

A couple thousand invited guests showed up.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[17] At the end of the 19th century, the northern part of the Kluuvin Gulf, which remained on the west side of the track, was filled in for a railway yard and magazines.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[15] In 1894, a harbour track was built south of Helsinki station, and 1899 VR's magazines were completed.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[38] The beach of Kluuvinlahti had always been a cheap and strained area.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The construction of a railway station in the area greatly increased the value of the area and led to a huge construction boom throughout Helsinki, which continued from the 1880s to the 1920s.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Businessmen bought plots on the former shores of Kluuvinlahti along Rautatientori and Mikonkatu.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[39] Second station building Planning The first station in Helsinki was rated for the then small capital city with just over 20,000 inhabitants in the early 1860s.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[40] At the end of the 19th century, the urbanization of Helsinki caused major changes.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The town's population grew by nearly 70,000 inhabitants between the 1860s and the 20th century.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Rail traffic from Helsinki station increased, and the railway board's need for space increased.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the late 19th century, the old station building proved far too small for the needs of rail transport.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[41] The Railway Board began planning a new station building in Helsinki in 1895.


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Helsinki Central Railway Station

At terminus stations such as Helsinki, U-shaped station buildings at the end of the tracks were generally favoured at that time.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Bruno Granholm, the railway board's own architect, designed the administration building, and the building board drew up the drawings for the main building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[41] In plans drawn up by Granholm, the station building was already on the site and in the form it was subsequently built into.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[42] Plans had been commissioned for the station building from the German company C.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

From O. Gleim, who in 1898 had won design competitions for Stockholm and Gothenburg railway stations.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The Railway Board was originally intended to implement the Helsinki Railway Station without organising an open design competition for the building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[43] [44] In 1902, the Architectural Club decided to hold a design competition for the Railway Market, which also involved the location of the future railway station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

A design competition was used to try to draw the attention of railroaders to the demanding design task of the station and the designers capable of doing so.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[43] At the same time, it pressured the Railway Board to organise an open design competition for the new railway station building in Helsinki.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[44] The design competition did not lead to practical measures, but thanks to the debate it caused and the activities of the Architectural Club, in 1903 the Railway Board held a design competition for the facades of the Helsinki Railway Station and the Railway Board administrative building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[41] The layout of the station had been defined by the Railway Board as a U-shaped settlement surrounding the platform yard.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[41] [44] The contestants received a ground formula drawn up by the railway board, principally architect Bruno Granholm, for the station building and an associated office and administrative wing.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The base formula of the station resembled much the bottom formula of Frankfurt Central Station, completed in 1888, which was also familiar to competitors from the publications.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[40] The facade material of the station was defined as natural stone, plastering for the facade of the administrative part, as well as natural stone when used sparingly.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[45] There would be a large central hall in the centre of the station, connected by the main entrance.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The main entrance was to be on the side of Kaivokatu.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Other entrances were at the end of a transverse platform at the end of the tracks at the Railway Market and at the western end of the station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The tracks were required to be covered by a steel-built canopy with a cut attached to the race.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[46] Architects Sebastian Gripenberg, Hugo Lindberg and Gustaf Nyström as judges of the Architectural Competition and August Granfelt, Principal Principal of the Railway Board.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[47] The competition was held a couple of years after the National Museum competition and attracted great attention and interest.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The new building art of the National Museum was thought to be romantic, pittoresque and nationally as Finnish as possible.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

This very Finnish style of architecture attracted great debate, and it was also wanted to be tried on the railway station without further considering whether the museum and the railway station might have required divergent symbolic forms.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[41] All other competition proposals except Sigurd Frosterus' proposal were national-romantic in style.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

They had heavy ceilings and low walls, doors and windows were small, and there were many towers.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

All proposals featured an arched window on the main facade at the central hall.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The dominant subject in all competition proposals was the tall tower, which was not required by the base formula but made possible by it.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Sigurd Frosterus' facade plan Eureka was a building in Art Nouveau style very different from other competition works, which was nonetheless weaned by the competition's judges.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[48] Among twenty-one proposals, Eliel Saarinen's work Bevingadt hjul på en jordglob - Standing on Earth Impeller [47] was chosen as the winner.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Saarinen's proposal was very national-romantic and nature-themed, with solid walls, eight bears, one tall sharp-capped tower and numerous smaller towers, as well as a beautifully drawn stone portal to the main platform.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[49] [50] It resembled in appearance very much the façade of the National Museum, which did not please all architects.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[43] Architects Sigurd Frosterus and Gustaf Strengell reproached Saarinen's competition proposal as old-fashioned and called for common sense and rationality in the architecture of the railway station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[43] [49] In their view, the position symbolizes modernity, with which the shape world of the Middle Ages had nothing to do.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The contest sparked a lively debate, and as a result, caricatures were drawn in magazines, among other things, of the winning proposal.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In the pilots, the whole station had changed to look more like a medieval stone church than a bustling railway station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Bear sculptures had grown, and one of them had jumped into the street to chase people.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

According to his custom, Saarinen himself did not participate in the public debate at any time.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[40] [51] Later, however, he fundamentally changed the architecture of the station building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[51] He shifted his attention away from American or English paragons towards Germany and travelled with his newly-wedded wife by train around Europe.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Upon demobilisation in December 1904, he made a new station plan, from which almost all national Romanticism had been pruned and the station had evolved into a more rational one.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The former saddle roof had been transformed into a mansard roof, the semi-circular window on the facade had grown, and the station entrance hall with its bears had been removed.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[49] Later, the floor plan of the station building was freed from the model given by the Railway Board and became clearer to be appropriate for use by large masses of people.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

It allowed, among other things, the station's central hall to be widened.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[52] [51] Saarinen developed his plan over several years and made several drawings of the station building's facade.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Final solutions to change the position to a more rational one arose gradually.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[53] The station bears a considerable resemblance to the Vyborg railway station completed in 1913 and designed by the architectural firm of Saarinen and Herman Gesellius.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Jalmari Castrén, M.Sc., was responsible for the building's structures and construct calculations.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[54] Central heating and air conditioning for the station building was designed by Danish engineer A.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

C. Karsten.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Electricity plans were drawn up at the Electrical Engineering Branch of the Railway Board's machinery department, where mechanical engineers Karl Strömberg and Karl Karsten, among others, served as designers.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[55] Construction of the Railway Board Administration Building was approved in June 1905, and construction began in December 1905.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The intermediate floors of the building were cast from ferrous concrete totalling 20000m3, which is believed to be a Finnish record for that time.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[56] The four-story administration building was completed in June 1909, and subsequently the officials of the railway board moved into this largest office house in the country, decorated according to Eliel Saarinen's plans.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[50] Final plans for the station building were approved in 1911.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[49] The following year, the two-storey north terminus of the old station building was demolished and piling work on the new station building commenced.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[50] The railway station, built on the site of the former Kluuvin Gulf, had to be piled on deep-minted wooden piles.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[56] The bedrock averages at a depth of 20—30 metres.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[16] Wooden piles were usually struck with a force of 30 men, but steam and — reportedly for the first time in Finland — hicks powered by electricity were also used at the site.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The piling works employed an average of 300 people.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Approximately 10,000 wooden piles were struck on the station structures.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Only the base walls of the bell tower were extended into the rock, up to a depth of eleven meters.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[56] Plans for the western express goods wing were approved in the summer of 1912, and masonry and ferro-concrete work commenced the following summer.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

At the end of the year, the walls were almost bricked up, as were the granite lining and concrete vaults completed.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[52] The halls received monumental concrete vaults, which were clearly reflected in the exterior of the building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[52] These vaults, utilizing the Hennebique ferro-concrete structure patented in France in 1892, were the most extensive of the state-built ferro-concrete structures up to that time.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The facade and stone statues at the main entrance are red granite imported from Hanko.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[43] Time of World War I The construction work of the station was delayed by dramatic times.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[43] In the summer of 1914, the First World War began, and Finland was declared in a state of war.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

At that time, the facade of the station building was already nearly complete, but construction was halted for five years.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The station was converted by order of Emperor Nicholas II in 1915—1916 into a military hospital for the Russians.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The halls could accommodate about 1,000 patients.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[50] Around the same time, a temporary departure platform was built at the Töölö railway yard, from which trains of fortress workers were driven to Leppävaara and the main line to Malmi.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[57] Following the Russian Revolutions and the stages of Finland's independence, a civil war ensued, during which the Reds took over the position in January 1918.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The railway board was forced to move to Vaasa, the capital of White Finland.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In April, the Reds retreated from Helsinki to Vyborg, and with the approval of the Senate, German military detachments took Helsinki.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Then the railway board returned back to Helsinki Central Station and train traffic gradually recovered.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[58] Completion After the end of the Civil War, conditions in the country were considered so stable that Orrman, a track engineer, was assigned to lead the finishes of Helsinki Central Station.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[58] The old station building remained in use until the current station was completed after 12 years of construction.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In December 1918, the badly dilapidated old station building, the scaffolding left around the clock tower for five years, and the site fence was demolished.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[50] The new main railway station was inaugurated on Wednesday 5 March 1919 still unfinished.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Originally planned as the Western Main Station of the Russian Empire, the station building became the main station of the independent republic.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Fifteen years had elapsed from the design competition for the station, and the building was still unfinished in its interior design.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[43] The patriotic opening was initiated by the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra by playing Finlandian under Robert Kajanus.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The opening guests included Architect Eliel Saarinen and Regent Mannerheim.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[50] The deck pier at the end of the railway station tracks was not covered in accordance with the original drawings made in the Railway Board until 1925.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[59] In 1938, the West Wing Administration Building was resumed with a wing parallel to Theatre Alley, according to plans of the Railway Board.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[50] World War II and the Grand Bombing of Helsinki During the Continuation War, Helsinki railway station was damaged in several bombings, as it was always the main enemy bombing targets.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The station was already damaged in the first major night bombing of the capital in August 1942.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[60] The worst destruction of the Helsinki railway station was met towards the end of the Continuation War in February 1944, when the Soviet Union carried out the Grand Bombing of Helsinki.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

A total of 16,490 bombs were dropped on three nights.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The first bombs to hit the midtown area fell on the railway station at 7:22pm on 6 February 1944.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

More bombs were later dropped, causing the Railway Board building and railway museum to catch fire.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Of the bombs, two were bombs of at least 1,000 pounds.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In addition, dozens of mine bombs and several incendiary bombs fell in the area.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[60] The bombardment just started at the busiest departure time for night trains.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Dozens of people were wounded and one died from shrapnel caused by the bombs.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

In addition, the material damage to the station was immense.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[61] A fire at Helsinki railway station started a major fire on 14 June 1950.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Due to the fire, a major alert was issued in Helsinki, and the full strength of the Helsinki Fire Brigade and auxiliary forces from surrounding areas were alerted to the scene.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Nineteen extinguishing units and one hundred firefighters participated in the extinguishing works.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Police patrols were also put on alert, as tens of thousands of people accumulated at the scene tended too close to the burning station building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[62] [63] The fire had originated in an elevator on the side of the 2nd grade restaurant.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[62] When the fire brigade arrived at the scene, the attic between the restaurant and the main entrance was completely on fire.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The fire spread along the attic from the railway station tower until the railway museum in the west wing.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

A wooden canopy at the end of the station platforms also ignited and collapsed.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The approximately 3000sq ft wide open attic space of the station was completely destroyed by fire.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[63] The cloud of smoke from the fire was so huge that it could be seen as far as Turku, according to Helsingin Sanomat.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Throughout the fire, train services were operating normally or were only slightly late.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

The departure points of trains were moved about a hundred metres from normal departure points further north.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

Passengers were diverted to and from trains via the east wing of the station building.


Question: Did the Port Rail have any train stations at all?

Helsinki Central Railway Station

[62] The fire claimed no lives, but five firefighters suffered mild smoke poisoning, and in addition, one firefighter injured his hip after falling through the roof into the attic.