Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1980s-1981: Finland's first public BBS, CBBS Helsinki, was established.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1983: First European Unix Users Association eUNET network connection via Sweden (Enea Data) to Europe using UNIX's UUCP protocol.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1984: Funet linked university mainframes to each other.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The University of Technology was able to connect EUNet directly to the EUNET mainframe in Holland (mcvax).


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1984—1988: Commercial (initially) teleSampo and Infotel data networks based on videotex technology started.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Commercial companies using UNIX used email and Usenet conversational links through the Finnish Unix Users Association (FUUG) and eUNET using UUCP software.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1985: Almost the entire Finnish scientific community is already on the network of Funet and email services at the level of organisations.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1986: FUUG registered the .fi country code on the Internet and most likely the first registered .fi code was the tut.fi of the Tampere University of Technology (korkeakoulu). [4] [5].


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The Tsarist Electricity Message Act will be replaced by a new telecommunications law, and the Posti and Telelaitos monopoly will end.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1987: Finland already had about 30 .fi addresses in 1988: Funet connected the local networks of higher education institutions into a network covering the country and through Stockholm to the United States.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Finland received its first Internet connection abroad, Funet's 64 kilobit line to Stockholm, in December 1988.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[6] 1988: Jarkko Oikarinen developed IRC.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[7] 1988: Jari Tuovinen and Tanu-Matti Tuominen founded Finland's first new media company, Tietovalta Oy.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

It grew during the 90s to become one of the largest companies in the industry


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[8] 1990s 1990: The Soviet Union was connected to global networks by UUCP via EUNet.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1990: BatMUD, one of the largest and oldest muds still operating, was opened by the University of Technology machine.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[9] 1990: Hyper ry.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

— later the FiMug Association.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

that is, the Finnish Association of Mac Users — was founded.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The BBS service AppleGarden, started by Timo Railo in 1991, continued to serve as a community of Mac users, although today as an internet service.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1991: A failed coup attempt in the Soviet Union.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Traditional telecommunications links to Western countries will be severed, but network traffic via Helsinki's Eunet node will continue.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Red Square events are reported in real time via IRC.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1992: Four technical college students made the world's first graphical X11-based Web browser, Erwise, but the project was left without further development due to the recession of the early 90s.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[10] 1992: Computer enthusiasts event Assembly held for the first time.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[11] 1993 — Web time begins on the world: the Mosaic browser was launched Eunet Finland was Finland's first commercial Internet service provider [12].


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

It was followed by Tele (now TeliaSonera), Helsingin Telephone, Clinet, Telia and a few others.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

FICIX, a national Internet connecting traffic point, was established to connect these networks to each other in November.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[13] The first Finnish websites were opened, e.g.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Various laboratories of the Department of Computer Science (Computer Science, Digital Technology).


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Freenet Finland was founded in.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[14] Johan 'Julf' Helsingius founded anon.penet.fi pseudonym server, [15] which gained more than 700,000 users in 1994 The world: Yahoo's link directory was opened, W3C was set up with the Mbnet jar of Mikrobit magazine, or BBS opened.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

It grew to be the largest BBS in the world, but was eventually disbanded in 2002.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[16] The website of Marketing & Advertising was opened in November The Aamulehti group started publishing newspapers daily in a closed network.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

OtaOnline, published online by the University of Technology, contained material from Aamulehti, Kauppalelehti and Iltalehti.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

OtaOnline was Finland's first online magazine.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[17] EUNet broadcasts the WOMAD @Helsinki World Music Festival as a real-time video (RealVideo) online Lizard — A LIST of domestic Web sites established.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[18] The Helsinki City Library was the first library in the world to establish its own web server, Cable Node.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[19] In the summer of 1994, the Finnish press began to write about the internet [20] The online magazine “Elektroloristi “Folklorists' Elektroloristi”, now Elore, began to appear.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[21] The long-distance telephony business was liberated from PTT's (Telecom Finland) monopoly and the price of telecommunications links dropped significantly.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Media Laboratory Helsinki was established [22] at the School of Art and Design.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1995 Worldwide: Altavista search engine was developed in Digital Equipment Corporation's research laboratory [23] Veli-Antti Savolainen www.nettiradio.fi was the first streamer in Finland.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[24] As the first of Yle's channels, Radiomafia opened its own website, www.radiomafia.fi, on Eunet's server in March.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Oldest kept Lista Top40 page online: The Official List of Finland [25] In April 1995, the first front page was published, a photo of Pasila's Iso Paja.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

From 14 July to 13 August 1995 Newspaper Karjalainen in Joensuu published Finland's first PDF-format broadsheet-sized seven-day newspaper on the local network of Marjala housing fair.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

An electronic magazine identical to the printed magazine appeared every day during the Housing Fair and was readable on the Internet-connected microcomputers at the sites of the housing fair area.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Radio Kant's Web site opened in the summer.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Radio broadcasting in Kuopio was tried in 1997 and stabilized in August 1998.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Evening magazine Online and MTV3i started their activities on the internet.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[26] eUNet Finland published statistics.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Katri Tenström Sinebrychoff opened a website for Frisco and the website address was added to the labels [27] 1996 CMX performed as the first Finnish band [28] live on the internet on 30 May 1996.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The combined viewership of live broadcasts and reruns totaled over 18000 [29] Millionrain released the band's Boy Wrestling and digital damas in conjunction with the album's history and the band's underwater concerts.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[30] The game was implemented by Knowledge Power, whose Independence Day party saw the band perform live on the internet 6.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

on Dec.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[31] According to the Finnish Jazz & Pop Archive's Early Musikkinetti collection, the first bands in Finland to have a website were CMX, Millionasade and Pensioniset.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[32] Radio Finland and RSO launched their website and Radio Finland's regional radios were the first to reach Satakunta Radio, Oulu Radio and Radio Häme.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

() [33] In 1996, the websites favoured by Finnish internet users were, in addition to the Radiomafia website, Iltalehti and City-lehti.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Radio City came to the internet in the spring of 1996.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

It provided a Link Guide evaluating and presenting hundreds of homepages and a calendar of events for Stad.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In 1996, Kiss FM also opened its website, whose speciality was an electronic marketplace for the mail-order chain presenting its youth clothing line, listening to the radio broadcast in real audio, and “Hotel Chat”.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In 1996, MTV3's youth programme Jyrki also joined the network.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

From foreign services to Finnish audiences, MTV was appealed to by MTV with its real-time conversational facility, which was among the first to utilize avatar.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Talentum launched Duuni.net in October, one of Finland's first online communities.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Broadcasting news began to be published online.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[34] Since the beginning of October 1996, the pages of Yle Teletext have been found on the Internet.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The oldest version of Yleradio's website archived by the Wayback Machine is.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

YLE's first Electoral Machine was in use for the 1996 EU elections.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[35] Radio Finland began streaming the radio broadcast in October 1996 via satellite audio.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The servers were located in London.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In October 1996, Yle Teletext and Radiounews started online, whose hour news can be listened to on the Internet.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[36] At the turn of the 1996—97 season, a remote-controlled webcam was opened in the Pasila link tower, the Helsinki Camera.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[37] Veikkaus opened game pages online [20] The Finnish anonymous server anon.penet.fi ceased operation because it could no longer guarantee the anonymity of its users.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The backdrop was a court decision to provide information about a user accused by Scientologists of copyright infringement.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[20] As a result, Finnish telecoms legislation was changed and email received the same privacy protection as telephone and paper mail traffic.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

began selling loose issues of the magazine on the internet, as well as individual articles in PDF format, as payment method ecash or Merita Solo.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[38] Alex Nieminen pulled the Network programme on digital phenomena on TV.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Johan Helsingius developed the ECASH micropayment system [39].


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Under pressure from banks, the service was run down.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[40] Jukka “Yucca” Korpela started writing a help website on the internet and information technology.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1997 August: The first large class internet company Interactive Port was founded.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In August and September, Talentum announced that it had acquired a significant stake in To The Point Oy, Finland's largest new media company, and that it had entered into a letter of intent to acquire Interweb Design Oy, Finland's leading online media company.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

At the same time, Piipää Oy, which has developed e.g.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Wonderland search service and Ufolabs Oy.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

At the end of 1997, the company employed 50 people and was (and still is) the largest company in Finland.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[41] [42] The term new media industry was defined, in analyses Radio Finland sharply increased the supply of is demand programs on the Internet.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The text-based TeleSampo and Infotel information services were at the height of their popularity and were estimated to have 350,000 users, more than half of whom were from households.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[43] 1998 Finland's first digital radio, Yleisradion Radio Peili started broadcasting in October.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In addition to the broadcast stream, the channel's website also featured stories on different topics.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[44] The A2000+ programme, hosted by Risto Johnson, first exploited on a large scale the interaction enabled by the Internet.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In addition to e-mail, the audience was allowed to send text messages during the program.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Video calls were taken on the air, too.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[45] Suomi24's predecessors Sirkus.com and Evreka.fi were founded [46] Worldwide: Google was founded.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Online Radio Mikaeli was founded Mobile entertainment company Wapit Oy was founded and went bankrupt when the IT bubble collapsed in 2001.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

1999 — P2P Worldwide: Napster was developed, the time for peer-to-peer networks began.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Sampsa Kurri founded the Cereal Package, a forum for overclockers and computer trainers.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The service containing the MUROBBS discussion area was sold the following year to become part of Sonera Plaza.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The radio mafia started to be heard on the internet.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Musicians.net was founded.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Filmgoer film industry online publication started publishing reviews.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

2000s 2000 IRC Gallery [47], Mixeri.net [48] and Hotel Kultakala [49] (now Habbo) were founded.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Radio Helsinki streamed online a two-week project radio from 1 to 17 September 2000.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Radio Helsinki continued to webcast as a mere live radio for half a year until returning to the ether on 1 March 2001.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[50] The icon of the Finnish IT bubble Riot Entertainment Oy was founded.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The “Socially Restricted” web comic began its appearance on September 20, 2000, was founded in March 2000, by the end of the year already more than 100 employees.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

2001 Worldwide: Wikipedia was founded Commercial live radio with the exception of Radio Helsinki went silent online.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[51] EFFI was founded to defend free speech online.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[52] Elisa and ÄKT founded the EmmaFM online music store.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[53] 2002 Finnish online community ii2 opened.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The English-language Wikipedia was established.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Radio Keski-Suomi streamed the rally radio for the first time online.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[54] The National Sound Gallery of the Yle Radio Archive was opened in September [55] In October a bomb exploded in a shopping centre in Myyrmann, Vantaa.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Petri Gerdt, who built the bomb, was a standard debater for the Internet-based Home Chemistry Forum.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The incident caused debate about the limits of online communication.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Members of that forum and MUROBBS clarified the background of the explosion in part faster than the police, which in turn generated debate about the potential of network users to assist officials in crisis situations.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Blogs came to Finland.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Janne Jääskeläinen defined the blog in Finnish [56].


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Sami Köykkä and Riitta Santala-Köykkä founded Pinscher [57], which develops into the Blog list.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Schoolmates were set up online.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Riot-E went bankrupt.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[58] 2003 Worldwide: 4chan, which started the boom in image forums, is set up.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

YLE Arkki — history from radio tapes service will be opened in September 2003.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

YLE Ark's repertoire consists of the production of Yleisradio, TV, and photo archives, as well as documentaries and programme series made later.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The Ark also airs television snippets from the 50s, 60s and 70s.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[59] In the autumn of 2006, YLE Ark replaced the Living Archive.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Yle is the first to offer its RSS services e.g.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

provincial radios news.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Yle ceased streaming four music radio stations — YLEX, YLEQ, Radio Finland and Radio Extrem — on 31 December 2003 because it failed to reach an agreement with Gramex on the basis for calculating the rights of performance [60] Blogs began to become widespread.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The search service Eniro.fi was founded.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[61] 2004 — WEB 2.0 Worldwide: social service Facebook is opened.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The rapid increase in broadband subscriptions was reflected in the tripling of Internet traffic in Finland.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

During 2004, Internet traffic between operators had nearly tripled and is still growing.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

“Finnish Internet history has not experienced a similar period of development in the past,” writes the FICIX ry, which manages the Finnish IP connecting traffic, in a bulletin published on its website.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[62] The hobbyist music publishing site Mikseri.net and Universal Music launch a collaboration [63] Ampparit.com website launched.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

HIIT published the official Finnish Creative Commons License Terms [64] Over 20 years of age and developed before the spread of the internet, TeleSampo and Infotel cyber services were closed on 1 October 2004 [65] [66] Liisa's Paperdoll became too expensive to maintain as a hobby and around its concept establishing the Paperdoll Heaven company.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The company is now known as Stardoll.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[67] The peer-to-peer website Finreactor was closed in December on orders from the authorities.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

2005 On the World: YouTube and Google Maps get started.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Finnish Sulake Labs' Habbo Hotel is awarded as the best entertainment site in Spain.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Fuse, which started international markets in Brits as early as 2001, employs around 180 people around the world.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[68] Ylex opens the community service X-Stage and retreats voice bloggers.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[69] In May podcasting in Finland starts FCLate with its indie podcast [70] and in September Yle, representing mainstream media, will start its own podcast experiment [71] [72] Entertainelehti magazine Starra.fi will start commercial podcasts in August and launch on 7 October Finland's first podcast with ad breaks.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[73] Radio NRJ [74] and Iskelmäradio will join us in November.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The preparation of a new copyright law is attracting great attention in online communities and prompting a flood of feedback that has attracted great attention.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[75] Blogging began to become mainstream.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Alex Nieminen's investment company bought the blog list.com directory founded by Sami Köyä as a hobby.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Professional journalists such as Kari Haakana, Tero Lehto, Matti Lintulahti, Tuija Aalto and Johanna Korhonen have already blogged prominently.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The number of Finnish blogs began to grow exponentially.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

2006 On the World: Microblogging service Twitter begins operations.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Mainstream media starts blogging ahead of Yle and Helsingin Sanomat and other big media.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Reetta Meriläinen, Editor-in-Chief of Helsingin Sanomat, writes actively on her blog that enables commenting.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The Live Archives service, which offers Yle archives on the internet, will be opened on 1 September 2006 and will receive international attention.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[76] TVKAI, a recording service for channels and programmes, emerged as a topic of discussion in September, but will soon be closed again at the insistence of media companies.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

2007 On 23 April 2007, Sulake Corporation Oy, which was developing Habbo, acquired Dynamoid Oy, which ran the IRC gallery [77] On May 9, 2007, Entertainelehti magazine Starra.fi started commercial video podcasts.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The first episodes covered the Helsinki Eurovision.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The Association of Finnish Radios and the copyright organisations reached an agreement on copyright compensation for online radios, and online radios playing music will open after a six-year hiatus.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Yle also starts broadcasting its own channels on its Yle Areena service.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[78] Online service TVKAI was reopened after Google acquired Jaiku, a Finnish company that developed mobile presence and microblogging services [79] Podcasting was moving towards the mainstream.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In May 2007, Yle started her first programme primarily intended as a podcast, Pop-Talk.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[80] In the autumn, for traditional radio stations, recycling content as podcasts has become the basic functionality of the channels.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

For example, Yleisradio published a significant part of its programmes as podcasts on its Yle Areena service, and Radio Rock had targeted advertising of its podcasts alongside its broadcast to mainstream listeners.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Events on the indie side included the transition of the Hessu café podcast via Radio Hear to live broadcasts [81] and the opening of the Finnish podcasts centre developed by Ville Säävuori in the summer [82].


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

26.11.2007 Sanoma Digital acquired Blog List, the central directory of Finnish blogs.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[83] Social networking sites such as MySpace and, above all, Facebook, hit through in Finland.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

New Finland was reborn as an online newspaper and Taloussanomat ended its paper editions, which had been spinning at a loss, and concentrated its activities online.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Finnchan, the first Finnish-language image forum, was founded.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Kuvalboard started as a backup site for Finnchan, but continued to operate independently.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

2008 — the year of surveillance in the world: The number of Chinese internet users overtook the US The Swedish parliament decided on the military's right to eavesdrop on all foreign internet traffic, including virtually all Finnish foreign telecommunications.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[84] Sonera moved its email server from Sweden to Finland.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The Finnish state began to ensure sufficient Finnish control over telecommunications networks by purchasing 250 million shares of Elisa and investing 200 million to build a domestic fibre network.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[85] From the beginning of the year Finland started internet censorship with child porn filtering.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Advance censorship of the Internet strongly divided both parliament and the people.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Some considered advance censorship unconstitutional and another part would be willing to drastically expand it.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[86] [87] Early in the year, a stir was caused by the blocking of a domestic site as child porn and, in the rest of the year, the accidental inclusion of W3C and Wikipedia pages.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[88] [89] [90] The government stepped up monitoring of the internet.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In the beginning of the year, Minister of Communications Suvi Linden established a media platform consisting of experts from different fields to assess the role of media and the internet in the everyday life of children and young people and to make proposals for measures.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

In addition, due to school lawns and in accordance with the decision of the Council of Ministers of the EU, permanent monitoring of the internet will be initiated, and a whistleblowing service for the police of dubious websites was created.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[91] [92] [93] [94] The authorities intervened through court in racist online writing.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Sentences are distributed from lenient fines ranging from 2 years and 4 months to unconditional imprisonment for gross defamation by Seppo Lehdo.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[95] Alma Media acquired Finnish blog service Pullatus.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[96] The final decision of the lawsuit launched to test the Lex Karpela law amendment to the copyright law remains the decision of the Court of Appeal that the disclosure of DVDs protection methods is prohibited in Finland.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[97] The Ground and Meteli.net's online music stores started distributing DRM-free music in Finland.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[98] [99] [100] The DVB-H standard for mobile TV driven by Nokia is dying and Nelonen ceases to broadcast.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

IPTV will be replaced by DVB-H in Finland when TVKaise and Yle Areena start supporting mobile phones as their terminals.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[101] TVlane is also starting to support HD broadcasts and Ylek is experimenting with its Stranger series on the web distribution of HD-level programs.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[102] [103] [104] In the fall, the image board user created the first Spurdo meme using the Pedobear meme as inspiration.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Spurdo later becomes the mascot of Finnish internet culture.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

2009 Worldwide: Data.gov — Administration open data made headlines with the Barack Obama administration's Open Government directive [105] 2010 World: The number of Internet users exceeded three billion.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The picture board will be closed after maintenance is mired in disputes with its service provider.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

2011 On the World: Facebook unveiled its timeline and other reforms, initially only available to developers. [106].


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Google Plus will be opened.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Spotify announced it was expanding into the U.S. market.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[107] Twitter exceeds the limit of one hundred million active users.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

The operating activity of the IRC gallery went into a roaring decline.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Ylilauta served as the most active Finnish image forum mentioned in the media in connection with Anonymous Finland after 16,000 Finnish personal data were leaked online.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

Sergeant Marko Forss of the Virtual Local Police Group, who represented the Finnish police on social media, was elected Police Officer of the Year.


Question: When was community communication started to be used?

Finnish internet culture

[108] Sources on the topic elsewhere (1800-2002) Paavo Ahonen (25yrs History of Funet,) Stages of Finnish internet culture Category:History of the Internet Internet


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The history of the Finnish network can be considered to extend at least to March 20.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

1849, when Colonel Alfred Stjernvall, the head of the Department of Road and Civil Engineering, proposed the construction of a horse-drawn railway from Helsinki to Turkhau.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track would have crossed Salpausselät and connected the country's capital with navigable Järvi-Finland.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Governor-General ordered the matter to be investigated, and in 1851 a plan was completed to build a locomotive railway from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[1] In 1862, the first section of the Finnish network was opened in 1862, which is now part of the Finnish main line.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] At the end of the 19th century, trains in Finland were designed to travel only 25 kilometres per hour, so the journey was slow but still faster than horse rides.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The main part of the line was built between 1850 and 1900.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Finland was poor and the wages paid to the workers small.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

An efficient mode of transport was needed to transport both finished products and raw materials.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

After all, the United States and England had seen their watershed impact on the economy.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Finland was going through rapid industrialisation.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The tracks were built around that time by the Grand Duchy of Finland, and the building funds for the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line were raised, among other things, through a liquor burning tax, when the Crown received little money elsewhere.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Accumulation of this tax was slowed, among other things, by the great years of disappearance at the end of the 1850s.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

There have been quite a few new sections of track in the latter part of the 20th century.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Some of the biggest projects have been the Äänekoski—Haapajärvi line in 1960 [3] and the Martinlaakso commuter rail line in 1975 [3].


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Since 1970, mainly short tracks have been built.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

These include the track from Tampere via Parkano to Seinäjoki, completed in 1971 [2] [3], and the Kerava—Lahti Oikorata, completed in 1978 [2] [3], and the Kerava—Lahti Oikorata completed in 2006 [3] [4].


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Shorttracks were made to short the bends that slowed the running of trains and to increase capacity.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Railroads were in some degree of depression from the 1960s onwards because it was believed automobiles would be the mode of transportation of the future.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The perception has had to be revised in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, as traffic congestion and growing environmental awareness advocate a new rise in railways.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Development The construction of railways began relatively late in Finland.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The first section of the line was opened on 17 March 1862 between Helsinki and Hämeenlinna [5]; this later became the main line in Finland.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In 1870 [2] [3] a connection to Saint Petersburg was completed, which at that time was an important link with the capital of the Tsarist Empire.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Since Finland was part of the Russian Empire, Russian gauge (1,524mm/5', now 1520mm in Russia) began to be used here.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The extension of the Helsingin-Hämeenlinna line through Toijala to Tampere and the branch line from Toijala to Turku were opened to traffic on 22 June 1876.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[5] [6] Thus the three largest cities in the country were combined.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In 1883 there followed a connection from Tampere via Haapamäki to Seinäjoki and Vaasa [2] [3] and in 1886 Oulu was also connected to Seinäjoki. [2] [3].


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In 1909, the railways finally also took to Rovaniemi, the capital of Lapland.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] [7] Thereafter, construction of new lines was reduced for an extended period of time, and the wars did not improve the situation.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Since the main line that ran to Joensuu, starting from Vyborg in the Peace Treaty of 1944, was built to replace the connection from Parikkala to Onkamo in 1966.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] [3] In the next decade, more track was finally built, for example the Tampere—Lielahti—Parkano—Seinäjoki line, which significantly shortened the travel time between Southern Finland and Northern Finland.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

1965 began an extensive electrification project.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The advantage of the late start was that the latest technology could be used, namely 25 kV and 50Hz, which even today is the best technology.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Electrification has the advantage of lower energy consumption and pollution free.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Electrification started on the section of line from Helsinki to Kirkkonummi.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Timetable electric train services to Kirkkonummi began on 26 January 1969.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[8] Many routes were electrified only in the 1990s, such as Tampere—Jyväskylä in 1994 and Helsinki to Turku in 1995.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Electrification to the Oulu—Rovaniemi section was completed after a few years of construction in December 2004 [9] and the Oulu—Iisalmi/Vartius sections in 2006.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Southern Finland Finland's first railway for public transport, the current main line, from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna was completed in 1862.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] The rail link from Helsinki via Riihimäki and Vyborg to Saint Petersburg was opened in 1870.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] [10] Finland was then an autonomous Grand Duchy under Russian rule.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track from Riihimäki to Saint Petersburg was built deep inland for military reasons so that enemies could not easily use it for their own needs.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Helsinki Metropolitan Railway has been a major factor in the development of Vantaa.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The railway has the advantage of being a much more efficient route than road in terms of transport capacity for transferring passengers and goods.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The railway has had a very significant impact on Vantaa's population and economic structure.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

With that, people moved to new areas as the track made it possible to work in Helsinki.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The first section of line was opened from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna on 17 March 1862, construction work began in 1857.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[11] The second track was built between Pasila and Tikkurila in 1899, the following year it was extended as far as Kerava.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The third track was made from Helsinki to Tikkurila in 1972 and north of Tikkurila in 1981.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Vantaankoski track, which separates from the beach track in Huopalahdi, was completed in 1975.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] When electrified, traffic began running regularly from Helsinki to Kirkkonummi in January 1969 and to Sääharju in September 1970.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[12] Eastern Finland Riihimäki—Saint Petersburg line was completed in 1870, [3] and in 1890 the Kouvola—Kotka line was built.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] From the 1860s, railway issues arose in Savossak.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Several alternative plans existed for the railway network; one plan already presented in the early 1860s required the construction of the lines Helsinki—Hämeenlinna—Tampere—Vaasa and Viipuri—Lappeenranta, Kuopio—Oulu, as well as transverse connection lines for these, including Hämeenlinna—Mikkeli.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

However, the first to reach Finland was the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line and the Riihimäki—Saint Petersburg line.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Savo line from Kouvola to Kuopio was complete in 1889, [3] and opened to traffic on 1 October 1889.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[5] The original Karelian line from Vyborg via Sortavala to Joensu and the branch line from Antrea to Imatra were built between 1890 and 1894.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] [3] It was later extended from Joensuu to Lieksa in 1910 [3], to Nurmes in 1911 [3] and from there further through Kontiomäki to Oulu.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The section of the line between Nurmes and Oulu was completed in stages between 1926 and 1930.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] The cross track from Elisenvaara along the Karelian line via Savonlinna, Pieksämäki and Jyväskylä to Haapamäe, along the Ostrobothnia line, was built in stages between 1897 and 1918.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The first section between Haapamäki and Jyväskylä was completed in 1897, the last between Jyväskylä and Pieksämäki in 1918.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] [3] This rail link from St. Petersburg through the interior of Finland to the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia to Nikolainkaupunki (now.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

For strategic reasons, the Russian government considered it very important because the old Riihimäen-Saint Petersburg line was located so close to the coast of the Gulf of Finland that it might have fallen into enemy control during the war [13].


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

As recently completed, the track really gained considerable strategic significance, but not for the Russians, but for the Whites of the Finnish Civil War, since the Riihimäen—Vyborg line was the Red, this new line instead entirely in the White-dominated area and connected the old north— southbound track sections.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[13] Since the southern part of the Karelian line remained in the area ceded after World War II, it was built to replace the track from Parikkala to Onkamo in the 1960s.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Prior to that, the line from Varkaus to Joensuu had served shortly before the war, the line from Varkaus to Joensuu, completed in 1939 [2].


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Ostrobothnia Tampere—Vaasa railway was built between 1879 and 1883.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track site was divided into three districts.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Of these, the first extended from Tampere to Pollar, the second from Pollar to Alavude and the third from Alavude to Vaasa.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

At the busiest time, up to 4000 track builders were at work.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track circled around the eastern side of Lake Näsijärvi and was tens of kilometres longer than the later-built short track through Parkano.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The planning of the lines from Hämeenlinna in Southwest Finland to Turku and Tampere began even before the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line was completed.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The first plans were made by the Corps of Engineers under Colonel Knut Stjernvall as early as 1860.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Governor-General Berg presented the plans to the Senate, which in 1861 installed a committee to study the extension of the railway from Hämeenlinna to Tampere.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[14] In the spring of 1861, a group of Tampereans led by Adolf Törngren, the master of the Linen factory, left the government with calculations on the benefits of the Hämeenlinna-Tampere railway, and the Senate submitted to the Emperor that, after the completion of the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line, it would be planned to build a line from Hämeenlinna to Hämeenlinna To Tampere, but the Russian Emperor moved the project to a later date due to the construction of the main east-facing tracks.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[15] [16] [17] [18] Since the Riihimäki—Saint Petersburg line became an emergency relief site during the shortage and, on the other hand, because the then Grand Prince of Russia wanted, the Hämeenlinnan-Tampere line moved to the Hämeenlinnan-Tampere line as well as the railway line that branched from it all the way to the 1870s.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In the first half of the 1870s, the state had agreed to build the line with a subcontractor from Turku.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The contract included a condition that the contract would be cancelled if the subcontractor did not start work by a certain date.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The area pohatas agree with the subcontractor on the direction of the track.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

For example, Axel Wilhelm Wahren, founder of the Forssa Companies, had agreed with a subcontractor to build a line through Forssa.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

To Wahreen's disappointment, the subcontractor did not begin construction by the agreed date when the contract was cancelled, and Wahren failed to get the track to Forssa, despite trying everything still afterwards.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

However, a narrow-gauge railway connection was obtained to Forssa from Humppila in 1898 when the Jokioinen Railway was built.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Having learned from the mistake, the Grand Duchy of Finland decided not to acquire a subcontractor and built the track itself.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track was being built with Russian labour, as it was cheaper at the time.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Russian crew, on the other hand, were also more brawl-prone and lazier.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Russian track builders also left their own handprint in some places, namely trees along the track.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

While constructing the Siberian Track, these workmen had learned to sow trees along the tracks; in Siberia, trees protected the railroad from the wind.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Hämeenlinnan—Tampere and Toijal—Turku lines were completed on 13 January 1876 [2] [3] [6] [16] [19], although it was not until 22 June 1876.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[5] According to statistics, at first there were occasional people on the track, but as summer passed, the daily need for travel grew drastically.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[19] On the Turku—Toijala line, a diesel-powered VR locomotive regularly ran between Kyrö—Turku in the 1920s.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In 1903, another line to Turku was completed, from Pasila in Helsinki to Karja and the waterfront track through Salo.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] It was largely built as single track.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

After World War II, the track ran across the Porkkala rental area and remained out of use for a few years in this regard.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

An agreement was later reached on the right of way, but there were still difficulties with the issue, which led President J. K. Paasikivi to propose the construction of a new track to circumvent the leased area from its north side.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Already on the same occasion there were plans to electrify the line.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The president considered the idea quite extensively in his diaries, but eventually the idea lapsed when Porkkala was restored much earlier than planned, in 1956.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The initial section of the line from Helsinki to Kirkkonummi was electrified as Finland's first track in 1969.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In other respects, it was not until the 1980s that the track began basic improvement.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

It was not fully electrified until 1995 when the Pendolinos entered service.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Northern Finland Before the wars there were plans to build railways in Northeast Country to Kuusamo and from Rovaniemi to Petsamo.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Other rail plans to be mentioned have also included so-called. Rahja harbour track in Kalajoki, as well as a line straight so called. Kairanmaa track from Vuolijoki to Otanmäti.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The influence of railways on municipal structure The railways played a major role in the creation of the Finnish settlement structure.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Many new cities such as Hyvinkää, Riihimäki, Karjaa, Kouvola, Seinäjoki, Pieksämäki and Ylivieska have emerged around railway junction stations.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

As recently as the 1960s, railways had a station on average every 3.4 km (3.1km for metropolitan commuter rail), and a significant proportion of the population lived in detached houses in station villages forming long strip towns along the tracks.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Things were being run by train in bigger towns and neighbouring villages in the absence of cars.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In this case, today's ideal of single-family housing was realised at the end of good and environmentally friendly transport links.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Even today, Finland's population is concentrated along the railways and the tracks pass through almost every little larger municipality, even if the actual passenger traffic has ceased.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

As station villages have become quiet and passenger depletion caused by motoring, stops have been reduced.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The role of trains today is to provide high-speed connections between major cities and commuter rail in a densely populated metropolitan area.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Literature Schivelbusch, Wolfgang: History of Train Journey, Vastapaino, 1996, ISBN 951-768-010-4 Lindeqvist, K. O.: History of Finland, WSOY, Porvoo, 1906 Sinisalo, Uuno: Tampere Book: description of the stages of Tampere and the current city, Tampere, 1947 Voionmaa, Väinö: History of Tampere III: History of Tampere in the last decades (1856—1905), Tampere, 1907—1910 Editorial board: Suolahti, Gunnar et al.: Cultural History of Finland.


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network


Question: When is Finland's first train track built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Time of industrialism and national ascent, Gummerus, Jyväskylä, 1936 See also History of gauge lines - Includes history of Finnish gauge Riihimäki-Saint Petersburg line - Includes early history of the Finnish railway network Sources On the topic elsewhere, Finnish Rail Administration (FRA) Opeko.fi/Tiina S., 2006 Tampere Book Printing Oy, 1920, Tampere Fennada-Filmi Junior — * Category:History of Technology


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Carl Barks (March 27, 1901, Oregon — August 25, 2000 in Grants Pass, Oregon) was an American comic book artist known as a draughtsman and screenwriter of Disney comics, particularly Donald Duck stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks is among the most respected and influential artists in the US comic book world.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Carl Barks did not invent Donald Duck, but he invented the Duck Castle, the dwelling place for the ducks and created many well-known minor characters including Scrooge the Duck, Hansel the Goose, Pelle the Fearless, Bear Kopla, Milla Magia and many others.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks drew about 6500 pages of comics during his life.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks began his Disney career as an animator, but gradually moved on to illustrating cartoons.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

After retiring, he still continued working on Disney characters, initially drawing up scripts for other cartoonists.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

He then took to painting Duck-themed oil colour tables based on his own stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Life and Career Before pursuing a career in comics, Carl Barks became interested in gags and drawing them as early as the age of nine while the family lived in Santa Rosa, California.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks was 15 years old when his mother died.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks was forced to drop out of school and help out on the farm because the extra workers could not be afforded and the rest of the family was unable to do all the work after her mother died.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[1] However, he received permission from his father to attend a letter course at the Landon Drawing School, and from it was his interest in drawing that was finally awakened.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, he did not complete the letter course.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[2] Two years later he tried to get a job as a cartoonist in San Francisco, but there was no demand for his work.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[1] In 1921, he contracted his first marriage to Pertle Turner.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Two children were born to them, Peggy and Dorothy.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks forgot about drawing and began doing work as a car dealer, track rail bolter, and locomotive repair shop, among other things.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[2] The cartoonist's career still remained his great dream and he spent his free time making caricatures.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks quarreled with his wife constantly because he wanted to advance as a draughtsman while Pertle insisted on more time together.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In 1928, Barks finally got the job he wanted from the Calgary Eye Opener magazine, which agreed to publish his caricatures.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Three years later, Barks got a permanent job at the same magazine, allowing him to concentrate on drawing fully.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Around this time, Barks and Pertle divorced.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[3] Barks began looking for a new job and heard Walt Disney was looking for screenwriters and artists.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

He sent his sketch samples to the company and got a job in the animation industry in 1935.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

For seven years, Barks served as both assistant animator and gag-man, responsible for the jokes in the story.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In 1942, however, he quit his work on animation because his health could not withstand the poor ventilation of the Disney studio.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[2] Barks began working in his home and focused solely on comics.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In 1938, Barks had remarried, to Clara Balke.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The marriage was initially successful and Clara helped Carl with his work.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, Clara got drunk and, in her drunken rage scenes, might occasionally destroy Carl's drawings and possessions.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks of the first Scrooge Duck told me he had drawn at a motel to which Clara's scenes of rage had escaped.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[3] This marriage too ended in divorce, in 1951.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The first comics Barks drew his first Donald Duck series in 1941.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

“Donald Duck and the Pirate's Gold” was based on the script for the abandoned cartoon film Morgan's Ghost, edited by Bob Karp, scriptwriter of Aku newspaper strips drawn by Al Taliaferro.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Half the story was drawn by Jack Hannah.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[4] Barks switched entirely to comics in 1942.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

His first full-length story was the war propaganda series “Pluto Saves a Ship”, which he co-authored with Jack Hannah.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Soon Barks moved on to work for Western Publishing Company, a major comic book publisher in the United States.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In the early part of his career, Barks had trouble, too.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

He used examples such as Floyd Gottfredson's long Mickey Mouse adventures and sent a letter to Green Lantern comic book creator Martin Nodell asking for help in making comics [5].


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Western also owned the rights to Anselmi Panda, Nakke Nakuttaja, Lurppa, Barney Bear, and Benny Donkey, which is why in his early days Barks also drew stories starring one of these characters.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, there are very few stories in question (33) compared to Barks' Disney stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Stories that are not part of the duck world feature approximately 270 pages in Barks' production, most of them the adventures of Barney the bear and the Benny donkey [4].


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

All of Barks' non-Disney animal comics were published in the late 1970s in English in the book Barks Bear Book.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Some of these stories have also been seen in Finnish in the 1980s and 1990s (including Tom and Jerry) [2].


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The golden age Barks drew his first Disney story for Western in 1943.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

It was the ten-page story “Ryytimaa”, the script of which he reworked from the beginning.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In the same year, Barks' first long story, “The Mummy's Ring”, appeared.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks developed as a comic book maker rapidly, and in the mid-1940s the famous stories “Christmas on Bear Mountain” and “The Phantom of the Coral Cave” emerged.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Often they featured distant references to films and cartoons of the time.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Most of the 1940s stories, however, were ten-page joke comics, and the long adventures were still waiting to come.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, in the United States, Walt Disney's Comics and Stories magazine rose to the top selling comic books mainly thanks to Barks' stories [2].


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The end of the 1940s and early 1950s can be said to be the golden age of Barks.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In this case, the stories “The Secret of the Old Castle”, “Angled Eggs”, “Donald Duck Saves the Empty Christmas”, “Golden Helmet” and “Back to the Klondike” were born.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

These stories also represent an era when Don Rosa had just started reading Barks.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Rosa has drawn sequels to much of these stories of the late 1940s and early 1950s.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

References to “The Secret of the Old Castle” and the story “Back to the Klondike” can be found in many stories depicting Rosan Roope's youth.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The “Angled Eggs” story is a direct continuation of Rosa's story “Call of the Andes”.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

“Donald Duck Saves Empty Christmas”, meanwhile, gets a continuation in Rosa's story “The First Invention”.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks' long adventures often took the Ducks on long trips, all the way to Europe and Asia.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, Barks himself had never visited outside the borders of the United States.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

He used articles and photographs from National Geographic magazine to help him.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

As his second source, Barks used the Encyclopædia Britannica encyclopedia.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks married, in 1954, for the third time, this time to the painter Margaret Williams.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Margaret, better known by her stage name Garé Barks, often acted as Barks' assistant, including texting much of the speech bubbles.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[3] By the mid-1950s, Barks was already starting to get a little tired of the hard work pace.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In addition, Barks was discouraged by the censorship-minded restriction of stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In the United States of the 1950s, comics were accused of giving harmful influences to young people, and the publisher of Disney comics also censored their stories in the name of makeshift.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks focused on Roope's adventures in exotic landscapes.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[4] Barks remained an anonymous draughtsman right up until 1957, when admirers found out his name.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Prior to this, Barks was known by the nickname “That Good Duck Drawman”.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[6] After the revelation, he began to receive fan mail, although he considered his first fan letters a prank.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[7] In 1966, Barks retired.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The post-comics period, Barks did not finish work on Disney characters, despite retiring.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

He did screenplays until 1974 and drew cover art until 1969.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Most of these screenplays were Wolf-Puppy-themed stories illustrated by Kay Wright or Tony Strobl.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Later, these Wolf Puppy adventures were redrawn by Daan Jippes.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Jippes' versions are considered considerably more spiritual than Barks.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks' final manuscripts were “Horsing Through History”, drawn by William Van Horn, chosen by Barks for the work, and “The Postman of the Arctic Circle”, which was completed by Byron Erickson and John Lustig and drawn by Daan Jippes.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[8] In 1971, at the suggestion of his admirer Glenn Bray, Carl Barks set about painting oil colourwork based on his own duck stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[9] Initially he sold his paintings for about $150 a piece, but today the most valuable have been paid up to $150,000.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Most of these paintings were direct copies of the cover illustrations he drew, although later he also painted paintings loosely related to his stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, the copyrights to them and the characters featured in them belonged to the Disney company, but surprisingly, the company granted Barks permission to make paintings of them, though the company has never granted similar permission to anyone else.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, when unauthorized print copies of the paintings began to be made as well, in 1976 the company banned Barks from painting any more Disney-themed paintings.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

By then, he had completed more than 120 paintings.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[7] Thereafter he painted fantasy and western motifs [2].


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In the early 1980s, permission for paintings rattled again, and Barks continued to make them.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

At the same time, the value of the paintings also soared, and Another Rainbow, which owns the licence, began publishing lithographs of these paintings.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

All of the printing tiles have been destroyed except for the first five, which have been scratched unusable and preserved as mementos in the Disney company's archives.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[4] [2] Only a fraction of the original pages drawn by Barks remain, as much of its original drawings were burned and disposed of by the Disney company due to lack of space.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Last years In 1991, Barks received the Disney Legends Award, which is given for distinguished work for the benefit of the Disney company.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Three years later, Barks made his first trip abroad.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

En route, she visited eleven European countries: Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Poland, Germany, Italy, France, the Netherlands and Britain.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[4] As his last Disney-themed work, he wrote the praise poem “Ode to Disney Ducks”.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The writing in question has been published in issue 26/1999 of Donald Duck magazine, among others.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[2] Barks died at his home in Grants Pass, Oregon, of leukemia [10] at the age of 99 in 2000.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[4] Barks as an artist Barks' influence on Donald Duck Barks' influence on Donald Duck comics is very large.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Almost every cartoonist considers him his paragon.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The most famous of them is Don Rosa, few of whose stories contradict Barks' stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Many other Disney cartoonists, including Romano Scarpa and Daan Jippes, have also said Barks was their biggest influencer.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks invented Aku, ducklings and female friend Iines alongside the characters of several additional personalities.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Of particular significance was Aku's uncle Scrooge the Duck.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[11] According to Barks, Scrooge is specifically the brother of Aku's mother, but Ankkalinna's uncles have been traditionally translated into uncles in Finland.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Initially, Roope was only intended to be a minor character only in the story “Christmas on Mount Bear”.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[12] Roope's enemies Bear Kopla, Milla Magia and Golden-Into Pii are also characters created by Barks, as are the inventor Pelle the Fearless and the good-fated Hansel the Goose.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Of Roope's enemies, Kroisos Pennonen is also a character created by Barks, although Barks himself only used the character once in the story “Wonder Benzine”.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks also developed the characters of the ducklings Tupu, Hood, and Lupu.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The Wolf Puppies Organization and their information pack The Wolf Puppies Handbook was Barks' invention.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[13] [14] [11] All readers of Donald Duck are familiar with the following situations: Donald tries to succeed in various professions, but attempts usually end in disaster.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The battery gets into a quarrel with his neighbour Teppo Tulpu, and the consequence is a fight between the neighbors.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Aku, along with Tupu, Hupu, and Lupu hunt for lost treasures with Roope.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Milla Magia tries to rob Roope's Duck First Sant.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Scrooge fights with either Gold-Into Pi or Kroisos Pennose for the position of richest man in the world.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

All these basic formulas of Donald Duck comic book stories are from Barks' pen.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks was the first notable artist to draw long Donald Duck stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Before him, Donald Duck's adventures were mainly strips of Al Taliaferro and before that small side parts in other Disney comics and cartoon films.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In these minor parts, Donald most often adventured with Mickey Mouse and Goofy Hopo until, thanks to Barks, the Duck and Mouse worlds became almost completely separated from each other.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks created Donald Duck as a character more popular than Mickey Mouse.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks drew only one Mickey story during his life, “The Riddle of the Red Hat”.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[15] Donald Duck and Uncle Scrooge's work and life experiences have been influenced by Barks' own life.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks stated that Aku's repeated misfortune and drift from job to job reminds him of himself before his career as a draftsman.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[16] Barks looked back on his own gauntlet jobs as dreary toil, and during his comic career he reportedly never once took a vacation.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Still, he often stressed the importance of hard work in his sets.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[4] Barks was himself right-wing in political terms, close to Republicans.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[17] Censorship in the United States of comic book censorship was very specific in the 1950s.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Finnish Donald Duck delivery has always been more permissive when it comes to Carl Barks comics.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Among other things, Back to Klondike received its first release half a page short of its original outfit in Finland.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Finland was the first country to publish that famous story whole, with the exception of the missing half of the page that Barks drew from outer memory.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In another case, the story “Maitomies”, which premiered in its original costume in the 40th anniversary issue of Finland's Donald Duck magazine, was found in the Disney archives.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Listed here are some of the most famous censors: “Liekkimies” (1945) was not published in Finland until the 1990s, as Donald Duck's delivery deemed it too fire-sensitive a subject.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In the story, Donald works his havoc on Duck Castle as a pyromaniac and finally goes to prison.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

It had already been censored at the time of its first release: the last two frames in the series were removed and a new payoff was drawn in its place, giving the understanding that the whole story was Aku's nightmare dream.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, the original ending was restored in Carl Barks' Assembled series.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In the joke story “Aprillia!” (1950) In the first pane of the second page, Barks drew Tuppu, Hood and Lupu on the dump, whose garbage pile shows Adolf Hitler's book My Battles.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

It was a satirical joke intended for readers who grew up Barks, identifying the notorious book as waste.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

However, this reference has been removed from editions of the story in many countries including Germany.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

“Candies and Pranks” (1952) was subject to censorship.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

More than 10 pages were removed from it and the start screen was redrawn.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The censored portion was mainly overly drastic Halloween gags.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The cemetery, bathed in moonlight, with its crosses, seen on the starting screen was deemed too creepy and macabre for children.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks had adapted the story from the Donald Duck animation of the same name [18].


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In the story “Donald Duck Saves Empty Christmas” (1952), Western thought it was too drastic a starting screen, so Barks had to change it.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The picture shows ducklings walking through a decadent village with grief-looking children in shabby clothes [19].


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

“Back to the Klondike” (1953) was also deemed too drastic by the publisher, and five pages were scissored out of it.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Among other things, the scene in which a seductive Kultu Glitter cheats gold from Scrooge, who pokes up a large tack fight in Kultu's saloon, was the subject of censoring.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The story “The Treasure of Marco Polo” (1966) was not censored at the time of its publication, but subsequent editions were censored in the United States because public perception of the Vietnam War had taken on negative overtones.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In the story, Scrooge and his relatives travel to Horjustan in Southeast Asia, which is in the throes of a violent civil war.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The story sees, among others, soldiers armed in belligerent situations who, in one plot twist, almost succeed in executing Roope and Aku, who are declared spies.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Such was not considered appropriate, especially in children's comics, as events in Vietnam rose to international attention and the My Lai massacre, for example, sparked widespread outrage around the world.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Along with the deleted panes, the censored version also changed the text; as an example, Barks' anti-communist slander of invalid wristwatches made in “Workers” Paradise” was altered so that in the censored edition the manufacturer of the watches was announced as “Scrooge Duck's clock factories”.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks has also had to self-censor his own stories.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

One example of that is “Donald Duck and Zombie”, where Barks, among other things, removed sharpened teeth deemed racist from a zombie and drew pupils for the zombie (mere whites were considered too scary) and only half-open eyes.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Later, Don Rosa has drawn the same character in his own story The World's Richest Duck, but in this narrative Zombie has original, entirely open and white eyes.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Characters and locations Barks developed the Duck Castle milieu and much of its central characters.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The persons mentioned in the following list, as well as the building and criminal group, are invented by him and first appeared in the stories mentioned below: Teppo Tulppu — “Day of Good Deeds” (1943) Scrooge the Duck — “Christmas on the Bear Mountain” (1947) Hansel Goose — “It best laughs...” ( 1948) Money Tank — “Uncle Roope's New Money Tank” (1951) Bear kopla — “Duck Castle Bang” (1951) Pelle Fearless — “The Fearful of Happiness” (1952) Peikontooth Mountain — “Trolltooth” (1953) Little Helper — “Cat Strip” (1956) Gold-Into Silicon — “Roope-Tooth” (1953) Uncle E in Trouble” (1956) Milla Magia — “Touch of Mida” (1961) Kroisos Pennonen — “Miracle Benzine” (1961) Miss Näpsä — “Midaa's Touch” (1961) Best known stories “Pirates' Gold” (1942) “Mummy's Ring” (1943) “Christmas on the Bear Mountain” (1947) “The Secret of the Old Castle” (1949) “The Ring of the Mummy” (1943) “Christmas on the Bear Mountain” (1947) “The Secret of the Old Castle” (1949) “Bullet Valley” Sheriff” (1949) “Angled Eggs” (1949) “Empty-Christmas” (1952) “Crafty Uncle Scrooge” (1952) “The Golden Helmet” (1952) “Back to the Klondike” (1953) “The Cunning or the Clave” (1953) (The story involves the concept of Hapsism) “Happy Valley” (1954) “The Philosopher's Stone” (1954))” Golden fleece” (1955) “Money Source” (1958) “Kultajoki” (1958) “Saari in Space” (1960) “Gold and Fish Debts” (1965) Continuation of Barks' work Many subsequent Duck cartoonists have been influenced by Barks.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks himself held the highest regard among his followers Vicar, Daan Jippes and William Van Horn [4] [20].


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Jippes was chosen to redraw the series scripted by Barks.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Don Rosa did a lot of stories related to Barks's stories, “sequels”, for example “Back to Xanadu” where Scrooge, Donald and the ducklings return to the fairy-tale Tralla La'ha.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[21] Significance In a 1999 list of “The 100 Best of the English Comics Comics Comics of the Century” by the editorial staff of the comics industry news magazine, Carl Barks' Donald Duck was ranked seventh.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Of the entertainment comics, only Charles Schulz's Peanuts were put before it.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[6] [4] According to writer Neil Gaiman, Carl Barks was one of the great children's writers alongside authors such as Tove Jansson and Kenneth Grahame.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[22] According to comic book critic Ville Hänninen, Carl Barks' comics fulfil the hallmarks of the classic.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The stories have stood the test of time because Barks didn't underestimate the reader.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[16] According to journalist Yuri Nummelin, the overriding emotional states in the Disney cartoon are anger and envy between people.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

At Barks, they don't seem obnoxious, as he tackles these subjects with the means of classical tragedy.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks manages to combine children's comic as well as adult literature that truely portrays the relationships of individuals.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The characters created by Barks are, according to Nummelin, instantly recognizable in the reader itself.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

[23] Reissues All Disney series drawn by Barks have been published in a collection called The Carl Barks Library.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Later, Fantagraphics has published Barks' collections in English.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

In Finnish, several book series containing Barks' stories have been published.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Donald Duck's best included short stories from Barks' golden age.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Donald Duck party kits and Duck Library were ten-part hardcover sets.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Barks' stories have also been published in several separate works and in dialect versions.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Released as a limited edition, Carl Barks' compiles included all of Barks' Disney series.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

The latest series of releases is Carl Barks's Best Series, which began in 2014.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ault, Donald| title= Carl Barks: Conversations| location = Jackson| publisher = University Press of Mississippi| year = 2003| isbn = 1-57806-500-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Barrier, J. Michael| title= Carl Barks and the Art of the Comic Book| location = New York| publisher = M. Lilien| year = 1981| isbn = 0-9607652-0-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ronkainen, Timo| title = Carl Barks: Secret of the Duck Master.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Perspectives on the production of Carl Barks| location = Turku| publisher = Zum Teufel| year = 2018| isbn = 978-952-5754-70-4}} On the topic elsewhere in Yle Living Archives.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Ronkainen, Timo: Duck castle bang.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

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Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

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Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks