Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The decks were protected by 3 to 1 inch steel.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ship's hull thickness was only inch and 1.25-inch protection above the engine space and rudder protection was also only to 1.5 to 1 inch.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ships were fitted with one-piece torpedo belts.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

[1] The main guns were 8-inch (203 mm) BL Mk VIII guns capable of 70 degree elevation angle mounted in four twin gun turrets.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The grenade and gunpowder charge from the cannons were delivered to the tube in one go, which speeded up fire operations.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

[1] Auxiliary weapons for the ships of the class were the Royal Navy's standard 4-inch 45 calibre QF Mk V HA anti-aircraft guns (4 pcs), 4 three-nailed for honour shots, and 4 2-nail pompom anti-aircraft guns.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The HACS fire control system in support of four-inch anti-aircraft ammunition was installed in the early 1930s.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

Two four-inch more were installed at HMS Kent in 1934.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

HMS Kent, HMS Berwick and HMS Cornwall received a pair of half-inch Vickers machine guns mounted forward of the foremost flue.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ships were fitted with eight torpedo tubes.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

Ships handed over to the Australian Navy were fitted with oxygen-enriched Mk VII torpedoes and others with Mk V torpedoes.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ships were fitted with catapults for the aircraft from 1931 to 1932, but Australian Navy ships received their catapults later from HMAS Australia 1934 and HMAS Canberra 1941.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

[1] The London-class County-class London subclass was formed by four ships of HMS Devonshire, HMS London, HMS Shropshire and HMS Sussex.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ships resembled the preceding Kent class, but the external torpedo belts had been removed, narrowing the ships by about 0.6 metres and at the same time lengthening the ships by less than a metre.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The change in the ship's hull profile increased by ¾ knots the ships speed.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The external torpedo belts were replaced by a double hull, which achieved equivalent protection.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ships had the command bridge moved aft, resulting in less damage caused by fire action on the B turret.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

[2] The flue flues of ships were already lengthened during the construction phase, when the smoke problem had been identified in the preceding ships.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ships were fitted with catapults for aircraft in 1932.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ships' anti-aircraft defenses had been strengthened by the addition of four single-tube four-inch anti-aircraft guns and two four-barreled half-inch Vickers machine guns, although single-tube double-guns were removed at the same time.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

A second anti-aircraft fire control system was installed on HMS Shrosphy.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The four-inch ones added at the start of the war were removed and the original four-inch ones were replaced by twin-tube Mk XVI installations.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The eight-tube two-pole, which was in the drawings, was added when the war had already begun.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

Norfolk class The third subclass, originally comprised four ships, but only two were completed.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

The ships resemble the preceding subclass.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

[3] [4] The two ships were ordered on 15 May 1929 and designated as ship names were HMS Northumberland and HMS Surrey.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

Both of the ships were to be built at state dockyards in Portsmouth and Devonport.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

However, the Labour Party's coming to power in 1929 caused orders to be delayed until 23 August 1929 before the keels were lowered and the cancellation of orders on 14 January 1930.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

Both cancellations were justified by financial considerations and the fulfilment of the requirements of the London Naval Treaty.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

[5] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Whitley, M. J.| title = Cruisers of World War Two - an international encyclopedia| location = London| publisher = Arms and Armour| year = 1996| id = ISBN 1-86019-874-0| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gardiner, Robert (ed.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

) | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946| location = London, England| publisher = Conway Maritime Press| year = 1987| id = ISBN 0-85177-146-7| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser


Question: How is a Hunt-class type destroyer defined?

County-class cruiser

References on the topic elsewhere


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovemi in 2018?

Streams

Virrat () is a Finnish town located in the province of Pirkanmaa.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovemi in 2018?

Streams

The municipality was established in early 1868, the founding decision was made in 1867.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovemi in 2018?

Streams

Streams changed from a rural municipality to a merchant on 1 January 1974, and from a merchant to a town on 1 January 1977.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovemi in 2018?

Streams

Virrat was formerly part of Vaasa County, from which it was transferred to Häme County in early 1969.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovemi in 2018?

Streams

The streams are inhabited by humans, [1] and have an area of km2, of which km2 are bodies of water.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovemi in 2018?

Streams

[2] Population density is Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character “[”.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovemi in 2018?

Streams


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovemi in 2018?

Streams

Virrat is the only one of the municipalities in Finland with a plural name.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

It is inflected in outer localizations: Streams, Streams, Streams; the name's genetic belongs to Virtain.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Virtolainen means resident of Virtai.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The neighbouring municipalities of Virtai are Alavus, Keuruu, Kihniö, Mäntä-Vilppula, Ruovesi, Seinäjoki, Ylöjärvi and Ähtäri.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Virtai Church was built 1772—1774 under the direction of church builder Antti Hakola.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[3] Virtai Parish belongs to the Diocese of Lapua.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

History A few pre-ceramic stone artifacts dating back about 7,500 years, as well as one comb pottery, some 4,500 years old, have been found at the Virros.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Finnish wildernesses moved around the Virtai region as early as the Iron Age, as evidenced by spearheads and pieces of swords found near the village of Härkönen.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Lappans are also thought to have moved around these areas until the early Middle Ages, after which the Upper Hundred began to engage in extensive batches here.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

There were holdings in the houses of Pirkkala, Vesilahti and Ylä-Sastamala.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The wilderness holdings were abolished by King Gustav Vasa in the mid-16th century.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[4] The first settlers settled after the middle of the 16th century in Virtainkylä, Vaskivede, Liedenpohja and Hauhuuse.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

In 1570, the Virros had 25 tax-paying houses and by the beginning of the 18th century the house count had grown to 47.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Virrat originally belonged to the Keeper of Ruovesi, separated from Suur-Pirkkala, until it was annexed in 1776 to the newly created County of Vaasa.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The first church in Virtai was built in the 1650s.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[4] In 1858, Emperor Alexander II ordered the Landlord of the County of Vaasa to carry out the necessary surveys in the Virtai region for the establishment of the city.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The Senate of Finland drafted three draft plans, but the creation of the city remained unimplemented.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

In 1886, a wool spinner was established at Killinkoski, which was converted to a wood grinder in 1911.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Due to the colony formed around the mill, Killinkoski developed into a conurbation the size of Virtai Church Village.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[4] During the Finnish War, a guerrilla detachment led by Sergeant Major Jakob Johan Roth and Sergeant Carl Johan Spoof looted Russian warehouses (Roth and Spoof's guerrilla expedition).


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

During the Civil War there were almost continuous battles at Vaskivesi in February and March 1918, and because of these, the Reds had to retreat from this northernmost base of their front.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[4] At the beginning of 1973, the northwestern part of the then abolished and mainly annexed Pohjaslahti municipality was annexed to Virti, e.g.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Monoskylä.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Streams made the transition to the elementary school system at the beginning of the fall semester 1975.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[4] A nursing home fire occurred on the streams in January 1979, in which 27 elderly people were killed.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

It is the second highest number of fatalities in Finland after the Lapinlahti Municipal Home fire in 1966.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[5] On the site of a destroyed nursing home in the village of Cooling Plate there is a monument unveiled in 1989.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

In the village of Kotala, a monument to the bear rover Martti Kitunen, unveiled in 1936, is located.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[4] In the 2000-millennium to 2000s, the Killinkoski bank robbery crossed the national news threshold.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The delivery of health services by Virtai's health and social services led to a government-level processing.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Transport and Tourism The municipality has good road links between Tampere, Pori and Jyväskylä.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Highway 23 between Pori and Jyväskylä, route 66 between Orivesi and Lapua, road 68 through Killinkoski to Ähtäri and further to Pietarsaari, and road 65 coming from Tampere west of Näsijärvi are intersected in the centre.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The area is rich in small industry and shops.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Tuuri Village Store, Ähtäri Zoological Park, Herraskoski Canal and Perinnekylä are a short drive away.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The Haapamäki—Pori line, introduced in 1938, runs through the town, most of which was disbanded in 1985.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Passenger services were discontinued in 1981 and the last train passed through the town on 27 December 1984.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Today the nearest railway stations are located on the so-called old Ostrobothnia line (Haapamäki—Seinäjoki line) in Haapamäki and Ähtäri.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

A shipping route leads from Tampere to Virroi, Poet's Way.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Nature Virtai's landscape picture shows medium-Finnish features with rare settlements, mainly concentrated on the shores of lakes, extensive forest areas and large differences in terrain elevation.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The highest peaks of the hills reach more than 200 meters above sea level.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The large watershed Suomenselkä runs across the northwestern part of Virtai.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[4] Native forest, lakes and wildlife abound.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

A couple of kilometres from the centre towards Ruovesi, along the main road 66, are the well-known Toriseva gorge lakes.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The total number of lakes in the municipal area is 269 and inland waters account for 10.5% of the municipal area.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The largest of the lakes are Vaskivesi—Visuvesi, Toisvesi and Seinäjärvi.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[6] Virtai lakes mainly belong to the upper waters of the Kokemäenjoki river basin along the Ähtäri and Pihlajavesi routes.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Seinäjärvi in the northwest and its nearby lakes descend down to the Seinäjoki River into the Kyrönjoki River, which in turn descends into the Gulf of Bothnia east of Vaasa.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[4] Juhannuskunta Virrat is Finland's “official” Midsummer Town — the trademark was registered on 31 July 2002.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[7] The Midsummer Declaration is sent from the Streams every Midsummer's Eve at 6 p.m.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The Midsummer Declaration of Poetry [8] is written by Markku Sorvar, a Virtolian.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

In previous years, the declaration has been audible on the radio and in 2007 it was broadcast live on Yle TV2 channel.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Virtai's reputation as a diverse summer home municipality has grown with the title.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

A significant part of the holiday homes in Pirkanmaa is located on the streams.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

In 1984—1994, Rantarock, which gathered a young audience of ten thousand, was also organised at Virroi in Midsummer.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Food culture Virtai's keeper dishes were named in the 1980s, a lobe stewed from swede and vendles, sucked rye lingonberry porridge, or dessert tirri, and caraway flavoured varilimp.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[9] Although Virtai's location is central and transport links are good, distances are long to nearby municipalities.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Virrat is located in the area between Seinäjoki, Jyväskylä, Pori and Tampere.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The nearest urban centre is Seinäjoki on the Southern Ostrobothnia side.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The tourist centre of Tuuri is 51km away.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Road endpoints Helsinki 285km Kouvola 276km Hanko 385km Turku 255km Vaasa 174km Kalajoki 279km Varkaus 242km Joensuu 361km Kajaani 401km Oulu 417km Kuusamo 626km Rovaniemi 637km Utsjoki 1087km Enontekiön Kilpisjärvi 1005km Nearest provincial centres Seinäjoki 90km Jyväskylä 114km Pori 152km Tampere 105km Local Municipalities Ruovesi 37km [10] Ähtäri 41km [11] Alavus 43km Keuruu 54km Parkano 60km Mäntta-Vilppula 61km Jalasjärvi 69km Nearest railway stations Keuruun Haapamäki railway station 41km Ähtär railway station 41km Alavude railway station 46km Parkano railway station 53km Internal distances from Kirkonkylä to Liedenpohja 18km Kirkonkylä to Killinkoski 20km Kirkonkylä to Kotala 16km Kirkonkylä to Koro 13km Kirkonkylä Vaskivedelle 21km from Kirkonkylä to Kurjenkylä 24km Livelihoods and industry Virrat is a structurally industrialised agricultural municipality.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

While a significant part of the livelihood structure is in agriculture, Virroi is also widely populated by small-scale industries.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Tourism is also a major industry in Virroi.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Politics Council seat distribution of Virtai council during the period 2017—2021: Kesk.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

9 SDP6 ECR.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

6 Power Unbound Joint List3 Vas.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

2 KD 1 Total 27 Parliamentary elections 2015 Parliamentary elections 2015 The parties support percentages in the currents were as follows: [12] Centre of Finland 41.3% Social Democratic Party of Finland 19.6% Perusive Finns 15.5% National Coalition 8,1% Left Alliance 5.6% Christian Democrats of Finland (KD) 5.3% Green Alliance 2,5% Independence Party 1.1% Pirate Party 0.6% Independents gen 0.2% Communist Party of Finland 0.1% Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the city every five years since 1980.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

On 1 January 2013, the regional division used is as at the same time.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Virroi has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [13] Virtai Parish of the Parishes of the Finnish Orthodox Church in Virtai Region serves as the Tampere Orthodox Parish.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[14] Villages Herranen Härkönen Tuohyspohja Ikkala [15] Killinkoski Koro [16] Kotala Kurjenkylä [17] Lahdenkylä [15] Liedenpohja [18] Ohtola [15] Rantakunta Vaskivesi Vaskuu [19] Äijänva Conurbations At the end of 2017, Virros had 6,844 inhabitants, of which 3,492 lived in built-up areas, 3,307 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of where 45 residents lived were unknown.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; Virtai has a built-up rate of 51.4%.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[20] The agglomeration population of Virtai belongs to only one agglomeration, namely the central district of Virtai, which had 3,492 inhabitants at the end of 2017.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

[21] Streams in literature Streams appear in literature e.g.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

in several novels by Teuvo Saavalainen and in Kauno Vuorenpää's book on civil war Virrat 1918.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Notable and well-known Virthians Tom Sukanen, American emigrant, shipbuilder personality, made among others.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

film.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Antti Lieroinen (d. 1643, Ruovesi), witch and clairvoyant Martti Kitunen (also mentioned as Mårten Henrikinpoika) (b. 14 November 1747, Virrat — c. 7 October 1833, Virrat), hunter, bear shooter I.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

K. Inha (originally Konrad Into Nyström, born 12 November 1865 Virrat — d. 3 April 1930 Helsinki), writer, translator and photographer Onni Tarjanne (until 1906 Törnqvist, b. 5 September 1864 Virrat — d. 23 May 1946 Helsinki), architect Väinö Hanhijoki (b. 6 June 1896 — c. 16 August 2005 Virrat), elderly man Reino Heinonen (b. 19 July 1898, Virrat — d. 30 September 1944), lieutenant colonel Armid Sandberg (b. 13 February 1876 Sippola — d. 4 August 1927 Toriseva, Virrat), painter Marjaliisa Pitkäranta (née Raittinen, former.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Rinne born 27 September 1941 in Killinkoski, Virrat — d. 9 January 2003, Killinkoski, Virrat), illustrator Jukka Sihvonen (b. Virrat), Professor of Film Studies at the University of Turku Mika Puja (born 19 July 1975, Virrat), Finnish champion of high jump 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2003 and Finnish Record holder (231) Katja Kilpi (born 26 April 1974 in Virrat), Finnish high jump champion in 1990, 1991 and 1992 Jouko Kilpi (born 21 April 1961), Finnish high jump champion 1983 Seppo Hovinen (born 4 February 1951 in Virrat), Finnish champion in javelin throw 1976 and 1977 (goalkeeper) Niko Hovinen's father) Tuula Laaksalo (o.b. Hyytiäinen, born 21 April 1953 in Rovaniemi), Finnish champion in javelin throw 1982, 1984 and 1988, represented Virtai Athletes Vesa Rantanen Vesa Tapani Rantanen (born 2 December 1975 in Jalasjärvi), multi-time Finnish champion in the pole jump, representing Virtai Athletes Pertti Niittylä (born 16 January 1956 in Virrat), Finnish speed skating champion Vesa Korjus (born 13 August 1981 in Virrat), a hurdler, represented Virtai Athletes, nowadays Kuorneen Kuntoa Kari Sainio (born 24 May 1975 in Virrat), a football player at the Finnish Championship 2001 and 2006 Pirkko Korkee (born Levelahti, born 25 March 1927 Virrat), skier with World Championship relay silver 1958, represented Virtai Athletes and Valkeakoski Hakaa Paavo Hietanen (born 20 February 1931 Uusikirkko VL), baseball player, worked as coach and junior high school physical education teacher in Virroilla Jutta Gustafsberg (ex.


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

Jussila, o.s. Virtanen, born 1973, Virrat), fitness Finnish champion, entrepreneur Tapio Kuula (b. 1957 Kurjenkylä, Virrat), Fortum CEO Keijo Leppänen (born 12 March 1960 Virrat), MTV3 news anchor, journalist, writer Marjaana Aumasto (born 1958 Virrat), author Heikki Jartti (born 22 January 1887, Virrat — d. 17 January 1951, Pihlajavesi), writer Verneri Liinamaa (name until 1934 Verner Lindgren, b. 28 June 1898 Virrat — d. 5 June 1972 Raahe), writer Teuvo Saavalainen (b. 22 July 1927, Kotka — d. 1 February 2002 Virrat), novelist Uolevi Nojonen (real name Ahti Uolevi Ylä-Nojonen, also written under the pseudonym A. U. Pirkkala born 6 June 1939, Virrat), writer L. J. Järvinen (Lauri Johannes Järvinen, b. 7 April 1904 Virrat — d. 25 May 1957, Oulu), writer Frans Viitanen (b. 26 Writer Hannu Häme (Hannu Johannes Mäkinen, b. 4 January 1904 Virrat — d. 4 May 1962, Virrat — d. 4 May 1962, Virrat), poet Lauri Perälä (b. 3 August 1881, Alavus — d. 5 April 1942, Virrat), writer, MP (ML) 1919— 1924 Hilma Koivulahti-Lehto (b. 24 April 1881 Virrat — d. 27 September 1955 Virrat), MP (SDP) 1919—1945 and 1948—1951 Eino Syrjä (b. 9 March 1928 Virrat — d. 5 December 2002 Virrat), MP (SMP) 1970—1972 Lampi Tuomi (o.b. Kuusela, born 27 August 1882 Virrat — d. 24 March 1958, Jyväskylä), MP (SSTP) 1922—1923 Onni Tuomi (former surname Ahlbom, born 21 November 1875 Virrat — d. 4 January 1933, Petrozavodsk, Soviet Union), MP (SDP) 1908—1918 Helmi Morri (born 5 May 1938 in Northern Bay), MP (SDP) Kesk.)


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

1991—1995 Yrjö Sariola (born 1 June 1932, Laukaa), Bishop of the Diocese of Lapua 1974—1995, served as parish pastor with Virroilla Jari Yliaho (born December 9, 1957, Virrat), guitarist Oliver, rock band Donna, rock band (winner of Rock SM-1975) Confusion, punk band Jussi Viitala , scientist and writer (born 1940) Deputies Hilma Koivulahti-Lehto (b. 24 April 1881 Virrat — d. 27 September 1955, Virrat), MP (SDP) 1919—1945 and 1948—1951 Jaana Ylä-Mononen (born 5 February 1961 Pohjaslahti), MP (Kesk.)


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

1999—2007 Helmi Morri (born 5 May 1938 Pohjaslahti), MP (Kesk.)


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

1991—1995 Harri Jaskari (born 26 March 1964, Virrat), MP (ECR)


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

2007- Matti Maijala (b. 17 July 1923 in Kangasala — d. 30 January 2007 Virrat), MP (Kesk.)


Question: How many residents lived in Ruovei in 2018?

Streams

1970—1972 and 1975—1991 Twined cities Aulum-Haderup, Denmark Gol, Norway Årjäng, Sweden See also List of public artworks and monuments in Virtai Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The February Manifesto, or Book of Merciful Declaration of the Imperial Majesty (AsK 3/1899), was an act issued on 15 February 1899 by the Emperor of Russia and Grand Duke of Finland Nicholas II, which provided for the enactment of general nationwide laws laid down by the Russian legislative order , the Finnish Riksdag only plays an advisory role and their negative opinion would not prevent the law from coming into force in Finland as well.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Although the February manifesto narrowed Finland's autonomy, it has gained a reputation greater than its significance in history.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Finns feared that all of their own local legislation would fall under general national legislation, but nevertheless the only law enacted on the basis of the manifesto was the Conscription Act 1901, to allow for which the February Manifesto had originally been adopted.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The act is commonly referred to as a manifesto because its Swedish title reads: “Hans Kejserliga Majestats Nådiga Manifest.”


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The first period of repression is considered to have begun when Emperor Nicholas II in 1899 issued the February Manifesto.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[1] [2] [3] The Great Address was collected against it.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The manifesto enabled Governor-General Bobrikov's goals, which included e.g.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Melting the Finnish army into the Russian army and improving the status of the Russian language in Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Opening up the highest posts to Russians was also part of the manifesto's goals.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Manifesto was perceived to be a secretly prepared state grab against the Finnish Constitution, [1] [4] [5] and was seen to refute the assurances that had been made before Finland was formally annexed to Russia on 17 September 1809 under the terms of the Peace Treaty of Hamina when Sweden renounced Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[6] [7] [8] Russian ruler Alexander I had given an assurance that Finnish religion, laws and special rights would be maintained.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Finland was incorporated into Russia as an organically independent country, in the form of statehood secured by which the people were free.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[6] [8] An attempt was made to repeal this declaration of rulers, as well as the Swedish form of government in 1772, which was still in force in Finland, and other Finnish constitutions by the February manifesto.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[4] Birth of February Manifesto Finns who lived during the publication of the February Manifesto experienced the manifesto as a shocking surprise.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[9] The emergence of the February Manifesto was a natural consequence of Russia's policies towards the conquered lands of the Old and Patriotic Slavophiles and the Pan-Slavists, with a strong and united Russia as its main goal.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[10] The old people of Russia resisted the reforms and made every effort to consolidate the monopoly system.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Russia's Zapadniks, or reformist politicians, opposed the policies of the old groups with the aim of replacing the old and uniquely governed system with a more democratic and liberal state.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

They saw Finland as a role model, which is why the old people wanted to integrate Finland more firmly into the mother country and to eradicate Finland's autonomous status.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

In the years following the Polish revolt, Slavophiles and Pan-Slavists ousted the reformists and reached influential key positions.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Turkish War v.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

1877—1878 further increased the influence of the Pan-Slavists.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

However, Alexander II, in his final years, felt it necessary to curb pan-Slavist fervour.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[11] In the Baltics were implemented v.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

1870 general conscription, and the Russian language became the official language.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Thereafter, the pan-Slavists and Slavophiles turned their attention to crushing Finland's special status, as the Baltic-German historian Carl Schirren, who defended special rights in the Baltics, had previously predicted.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[12] [13] [14] Russia had submitted v.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

1870 general conscription, and it was wanted to be put into force in Finland as well.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

In February 1871, Minister of War Dmitry Miljutin intervened on the issue of conscription in Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Governor General of Finland, Nikolai Adlerberg, opposed Miljut's attempt to limit Finland's autonomy.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[15] The Finnish Conscription Act was published on 27 August 1878.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[16] Alexander II confirmed the Conscription Act, which established an army separate from the Russian military forces in Finland, and Dmitry Miljutin advocated its adoption.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[17] Two developments led to the February Manifesto: the attempt to amend the Conscription Act of 1878 and the enactment of the pan-nationwide legislation required for its passage.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Heiden's Russo-Finnish Joint Committee Alexander III ordered the Governor-General to seek an opinion on unclear law issues from the procurator fiscal, but at the same time ordered the Governor-General and Senate to make a proposal to codify the laws of Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Senate proposed the creation of a Law Preparatory Board as a permanent governing body, but the Governor-General, Count Heiden, put forward the creation of a committee.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Members of the committee were appointed at the suggestion of the Senate and Heiden, but Alexander III made substantial changes to the Senatorial Committee's list of nominees.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[18] Heiden received permission to establish a Russian-Finnish Joint Committee.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

In the Heiden Committee, the views of Finns and Russians on the Finnish constitution were so different that no decision was brought about.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Russians echoed Kesar Ordin's views, and the Finns wanted to stick to their own interpretation of the Constitution.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The minutes and various opinions prepared by the committee were sent as such in Senate v.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

1884 to the committee reviewing the Weissenberg Committee report.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[18] [19] Weissenberg Committee In 1884, a committee headed by Alexander von Weissenberg was set, [14] whose members were Finns.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[18] [20] The committee included Senator N.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

I. Fellman, Professors Thiodolf Rein and Robert Hermanson, and Judge K. W. Nystén.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The secretary was J. R.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Danielson-Squid.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[21] The purpose of the Committee was to compile existing legal acts on the legal status of the Finnish State.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[22] The Committee submitted its report to the Senate towards the end of 1886.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Senate did not take particular urgency in dealing with the issue.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[22] The report contained a proposal for a new form of government in Finland and a legion of regulations, with its arguments.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Mr Hermanson had submitted objections to the report as a result of the inclusion of issues relating to political relations between Finland and Russia.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[23] Heiden immediately submitted a report to the Russian Minister of Justice and the head of the Reich Codification Department and requested an opinion on them.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

He had received permission from the monarch to seek an opinion from the Russian judicial authorities v.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

in 1889.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Statements arrived in the fall of 1890.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Senate of Finland had delayed its deliberations by making a committee consider the matter until early 1890.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[18] [24] [22] Heiden's Russian-Finnish Joint Committee met in Helsinki in 1890.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[25] Committee members included Senators J. Ph.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Palmén, Samuel Werner von Troil, Cederholm, August Nybergh, Emil Streng, Victor Napoleon Procopé, K. F. Ignatius and Johan Gustaf Sohlman.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Jakuboff, a teacher of Russian kimnaas, was the secretary of the committee.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Russian members of the Committee included Governor-General F.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

L. Heiden, as well as a few officials from the Russian Justice Agency.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[26] The Committee drafted a new draft form of government, which, however, included the political doctrine of Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Heiden could not accept this, and he drafted a counter-motion himself, in which he incorporated his own proposal for a form of government.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Heiden attached his own proposal “to govern the counties of the Grand Duchy of Finland” in the Senate opinion.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Under the pretext of codifying Finnish laws, the Russians were in the process of carrying out their political goal, to nullify Finland's autonomous status.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[18] [27] Both the Weissenberg Committee and Heiden's motions went to the revision of the Law Certification Department of the Russian Privy Council.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The department could not accept the proposal containing the Finnish state doctrine as a form of government, but stuck to the idea that Finland was a Russian province whose legislation is subordinate to the general legislation of the Empire.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Based on the statement of the department, a joint committee of former finance minister, President of the Russian Ministerial Committee Nikolai Bunge, was set to draw up rules on relations between general and local legislation.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[28] The Bunge Joint Committee in the Bunge Committee to raise the pan-national legislative issue again led to the law codification initiated by Governor-General Heiden in 1882.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

On the motion of Governor-General Heiden was established in the summer v.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

1891 Bunge Committee.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[29] The most prominent Russian members of the N. H. Bunge Joint Committee in St. Petersburg (1892-1894) [30] was Governor-General F.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

L. Heiden and Minister of War Pyotr Vannovsky, Minister of Internal Affairs Durnovo, State Secretary Frisch, Minister of Justice Nikolai Aleksandrovich Manassein and Senator from the Finns, Lord von Alfthan, and the permanent Minister of State for Ministers von Daehn, his deputy was General V.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

N. Procopé and procurator G. H. W. Colonius.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The committee failed to reach a unanimous decision, leading the Russian majority of the committee to decide in March 1893 that the proposal they had drawn up be subjected to the emperor's approval.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

According to this proposal, all Finnish laws concerning the interests of the Empire before the presentation to the Emperor were to be subjected to inspection by the governing bodies of the Empire.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Finnish members of the Committee objected to the restriction of the legislative right of the Finnish legislatures.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Due to the opposition of the Finns, the Emperor postponed the resolution of the matter and did not raise it before his death.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[31] In the 1880s, Mr Manassein, a member of the Bunge Joint Committee, had crushed the autonomous status of the Baltic states.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[13] [32] Bunge Committee opinion was completed in March v.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

in 1893.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[33] [34] The Committee decided to submit to the Sovereign the Committee's proposal on a legislative order for the whole kingdom and Finland as part of it.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Under this proposal, all Finnish laws concerning the interests of the Empire must first be subjected to review by the governing bodies of the Empire before being sent for presentation to the Emperor.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Finnish members of the Committee rejected the proposal, considering it to be a limitation of the legislative right of the legislatures in Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Due to the opposition of the Finnish members, the Emperor postponed the resolution of the matter, and did not raise it again.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[35] Minister of War Vannovski had made v.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

1891 a proposal was made to Alexander III to assimilate Finnish military personnel into the Russian army, but the Emperor had not wanted to act against the promises he had made.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[33] Vyacheslav von Plewne wanted to have the Bunge Committee report before the Privy Council in early 1895, but Nicholas II did not accept it.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[36] The Finns could not accept the general national legislation sought by the Russians in which the Finnish Riksdag would have only a consultative role, nor the envisaged superior dominance of the Privy Council over the Finnish legislators.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Finnish-Russian Committee of General Viktor Dandeville Next, a Finnish-Russian committee was established to deal with the military issue, headed by General Viktor Dandeville, who also headed the new committee established later.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Despite opposition from Finnish members, a committee report was completed in the spring of 1897, which stated that the Finnish domestic military service had to be abolished and the Russian conscription law brought into force in Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[37] Michael Nikolaevich's secret advisory board The February Manifesto had been drafted by a special secret advisory board chaired by Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, President of the Privy Council.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Members included K. P. Pobedonostsev, procurator of the Holy Synod; the earlier Governor-General Heiden; Nikolai Bobrikov; the Interim Governor-General; General S. O. Goncharov; the Minister of War Alexei Kuropatkin; and the Minister of Justice N.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

V. Muravyev, State Secretary E.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

V. Frisch, Secretary of the Reich V.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

K. Plehwe and Acting Ministerial Secretary of State Victor Procopé.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The committee met only three times.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

On February 15, 1899, the Emperor signed the finished manifesto.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[38] In 1898, a proposal based on the work of the Committee was completed for a new law reiterating the uniformity requirements of Miljutin and Vannovsky.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Kuropatkin accepted them, and he saw the harmonisation of the military as the beginning of the unification of Finland into the Empire in the general sense.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Since it was likely that the Finnish Riksdag would not adopt a new law on conscription, Kuropatkin wanted to take the issue out of their jurisdiction.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Kuropatkin acquired an ucas from the Emperor for the summoning of the Reichstag on 1 January 1899.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

At Procopé's suggestion, an additional Riksdag was called instead of the official Riksdag to deal with the war mob alone.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

On 19 July 1898, the Emperor signed the Ukaasi extra from the Reichstag.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[39] Under the leadership of the new Minister of War Alexei Kuropatkin, the advisory board of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, established outside the Privy Council, was entrusted with the task of enacting the proposal for a general order of legislation under which the law on conscription could be brought into force without the approval of the Finnish regulations.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

This advisory board's work resulted in the February manifesto, which leaned on the report of the Russian majority of the Bunge Committee.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Since the new conscription law was not passed in the Senate of Finland, Alexei Kuropatkin commissioned the February Manifesto from the Emperor, which stripped Finland of its autonomous status and allowed the conscription law to be passed without the approval of the Finnish regulations.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The need for the manifesto in Russia's attempt to unify Russia, especially through Russification of the border provinces, was hindered by the autonomy of Finland and the Finnish constitution, so they had to either be abolished and or redefined.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[40] The February Manifesto became particularly relevant with the desire to reform the obsolete Conscription Act of 1878 and to implement the general codification of laws that had already been planned since 1826, namely the unification of laws and statutes.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[41] The authors of the Manifesto The February Manifesto had been drafted by a secret advisory board.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The chairman was Mikael Nikolayevitś, members including Konstantin Pobjedonostsev, Bobrikov and Plehwe.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

As the sole Finnish member, Minister of State Procopé.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[42] The first committee meeting was on January 18, the second on January 29, and the third on February 1, 1899.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

General Procopé did not accept the committee's position, but it did not matter.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

He could not yet speak in general terms, but told Leo Mechelin about the manifesto nonetheless.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[43] Emperor Nicholas II signed the manifesto on February 15, 1899.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

In the opinion of the Finns, this was an act contrary to the Finnish constitutions.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[44] The significance of the February Manifesto due to the change brought by the February Manifesto, laws concerning Finland could be enacted in Russia, even though they were contrary to the Finnish Constitution.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Thus, it was possible to override the regulations of Finland, whose unanimous decision was a prerequisite for constitutional amendments.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[45] [3] The most notable of these new laws was the Conscription Act of 1901, designed to harmonize the Russian and Finnish armies, in practice so that Finns would continue to serve in the Russian army, including outside Finland's borders.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The law also allowed Russians to become officers of the Finnish army.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[45] One of the purposes of the Conscription Act was that while serving in the Russian army, Finns would learn Russian and become decent Russians.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[46] The length of service the Act extended from three years to five.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[47] This law was contrary to the provisions of the Conscription Act 1878 and had not been enacted in a manner enacted by the Finnish constitutions, which allowed it to be rightly considered an illegal law.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[45] Knowledge of the manifesto on Thursday 16 February 1899 spread among the people of Helsinki about a manifesto soon to be published, which would carry out a secretly prepared seizure against the Finnish Constitution.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[48] The manifesto was perceived as a violation of the Constitution of Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[1] The Russian journals interpreted the meaning of the manifesto in such a way that some of them wrote: “Not only questions concerning the institution of war, the post office, the electric telegraph plant and customs will probably be read in these questions, but also questions about inheritance, patronage, matters belonging to the field of law, on court decisions, ports, consuls, life insurance company, goods stamp, governor-general's power, status of Greek clergy, Russian schools, etc. “[49] There would be no statute which could not be explained as concerning the general interests of the kingdom and which could not be administratively amended and repealed.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The purpose of the manifesto was therefore to repeal the constitutions of Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[50] The constitutionalists (Young Finns and most Swedes) began passive resistance under Professor Leo Mechelin: they refused to obey orders they considered illegal and called on the people to the same.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The constitutionalist journals waged a heated polemic against Old Finnish magazines.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Labor also advocated passive resistance.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[51] Great Citizens' Assembly Many senators and citizens opposed the publication of the February Manifesto, but supporters of the acquiescence trend got their way in the Senate.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The legislators had pledged to defend the Senate measure should no release occur.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The Great Citizens' Assembly, held at the initiative of Arvid Neovius at the Ateneum in Helsinki on Friday 17 February and attended by around 400 people, decided to send delegations to the procurator fiscal and other members of the Senate to submit that the Senate would not publish a manifesto.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[52] [53] [54] [3] Leo Mechelin, a former senator and professor, had been a top supporter of publishing the manifesto, but after rethinking the issue after a large citizens' assembly he ended up opposing publication.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[55] The Senate voted on Saturday, February 18, 1899.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The votes went flat, but Senate Vice-President Sten Carl Tudeer cast his decisive vote in favor of publication.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[56] [57] Publication of the Manifesto Early on Saturday morning there were thousands of people in Helsinki Senate Square waiting for information on the publication of the manifesto.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[58] [59] Knowledge of the publication of the manifesto was received throughout Finland with feelings of sadness, hopelessness and bitterness.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[58] [59] In Helsinki, fashion stores had mourning clothes, gauze and fabrics on the windows of bookstores, works defending Finnish rights on the windows of bookstores.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Particular attention was attracted by the fact that almost all women walking the streets were in mourning suits.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

There were sorrows in the hands of the students.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The whole town was in funeral tunnels.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[59] The memorial statue of Alexander II, the grandfather of the then ruler Nicholas II, was blossomed very beautiful.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

People wanted to honor him as a protector of the Finnish constitutions.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[59] On 13 March, the day of Alexander II's death, the day of his memory was demonstratively celebrated throughout the country.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

His statue was flowered in Helsinki with the largest ever floral and wreath collection; wreaths had been sent from far away all the way in the countryside.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

In front of the statue, people sang the Maamme song and finally shouted a nine-fold cry of live in honour of Alexander II.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[60] There was vandalism against the senators who supported the publication of the Manifesto and were subjected to public disrespect.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The word “traitor” was written on the wall of one of the senator's apartment.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[61] The Senate submitted a transcript to the Emperor explaining the unconstitutional nature of the manifesto and invoking the assurance given by the monarch that Finland's constitutional rights were preserved.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[56] The consequences of the February manifesto made a big stir in Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The manifesto provoked both passive and active resistance, which included actions along with the Great Address made people aware of constitutions and Finnish state doctrine.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

In Finland, language could not serve as a factor unifying the nation, but constitutions could.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

This nationality idea is also manifested in the art of the time; as in Edvard Ito's famous painting Attack, which was distributed throughout Finland in the form of a print image.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The ideas of Finns were also crystallised in propaganda practiced abroad, as at the 1900 Paris World's Fair.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Leo Mechelin, in particular, was active in spreading such propaganda internationally.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The February Manifesto and the Conscription Act that followed also prompted changes in the Senate.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Constitutional senators resigned in protest, and those who did not agree to enforce laws or regulations they deemed wrong were dismissed.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

When Old Finns were replaced, both the Senate and the entire clerical apparatus became Finnish.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Astonishment abroad Legal scholars from foreign countries had studied Finland's state-legal status, which became the subject of arguments in university catheeders and international negotiations.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Presentations were given on the status of Finland to the abundant listeners.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[62] Many German journals published a number of writings fairly soon after the publication of the February Manifesto.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Similarly happened in England, where the Times and many other papers defended Finland's view on the issue.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The issue was similarly welcomed by many magazines in France.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Press correspondents were sent to Finland to monitor the situation.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

[63] Adresses were collected in various European states to support the Finns' protest against the Declaration Book of February 3/15 1899.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Signatories to the Pro Finlandia adress included more prominent figures in the fields of sciences, politics, literature and the arts.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Of the signatories were 26 from the Flemish region of Belgium, 8 from the French-speaking region of Belgium, 38 from Holland, 150 from Great Britain, 289 from Italy, 39 from Austria, 31 from Norway, 68 from France, 79 from Sweden, 79 from Sweden, 158 from Germany, 100 from Switzerland, 45 from Denmark and 30 from Hungary.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The five-person international mission sought to reach Tsar Nicholas II to leave him an adress.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Repeal of the Manifesto The February Manifesto was formally valid until November 1905.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

After the Grand Strike, Nicholas II issued a proclamation dictated by Senator Leo Mechelin, or November Manifesto, on 15 November 1905, repealing the February Manifesto Acts for the time being and promising to convene the Riksdag of the Grand Duchy of Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

At the same time, the November manifesto revoked the dictatorial powers of the Governor General of Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Once and for all, the basic provisions of the February Manifesto were repealed by the March manifesto in 1917.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Sources Literature Jussila, Osmo: Grand Duchy of Finland 1809—1917.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY, Helsinki 2004.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Klinge, Matti: Kaisarin Finland, Schildts Miktor, 1997.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

ISBN 9789515006820 Polvinen, Tuomo: Reich and Borderland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

N.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

I. Bobrikov as Governor-General of Finland 1898—1904.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY, 1984.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

ISBN 951-0-12660-8 Tommila, Päiviö (ed.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

): Russian period of repression in Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY, 1960 Tommila, Päiviö: The Great Address 1899.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY, 1999.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

ISBN 951-0-23454-0 Parmanen, Eino I.: Book of Battles I-II.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY IN 1936, 1937.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Juva, Einar W.: Chronicles of the Finnish People VIII.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Otava, 1935.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Öhquist, John: The Lion Flag.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

The rise of the Finnish people to freedom.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Otava, 1922.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Rhine, Th.: Memoirs of Life by I. Otava, 1918.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

From adolescence I to II.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY IN 1913, 1918.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Finland - Country nation kingdom II.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Otava, 1924 Hedenström, Alfred von: History of Russia 1878—1918.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Otava, 1922.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Cederberg, the latest history of Finland 1898-1942.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY, Porvoo, 1943.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

History of Finland.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY, Helsinki, 1987.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

ISBN 951-35-2495-7 Pohjolan-Pirhonen, Helge (ed.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

): The History of the Nation.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

2, Autonomy Time.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

WSOY, Helsinki, 1984.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

ISBN 951-0-12234-3 Hultin, Tekla: My diary tells 1899-1914.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Sanatar, Helsinki, 1935.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Zilliacus, Konni, Finland's latest history.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Stockholm, Wahlström & Widstrand, 1901.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

References Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was the February manifesto?

February Manifesto

Category:Manifestos Category:Political history of Finland Category:Periods of repression Category:1899 Class:Finnish law Category:Russian law Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Conifers are a group of plants belonging to bare-seeded seed plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Conifers are perennial woody and most often alwaysgreen plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[1] The leaves of coniferous trees are typically narrow needles, but scab-like and wider leaves are also found on conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Conifers do not have flowers; instead, inflorescences called pine cones are formed by mere fruit leaves settled around the ranga or emape leaves called pineal scales on their supporting leaves.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The mother trees, or actual pine cones, are often dry and numb when ripe on coniferous trees, but they can also be soft and juicy like the fruits of cop-seeded plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The wood material consists of special tube cells, which are ringporous and from which annual cartilages are formed.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Conifers are known depending on definitions between 600 and 650 species, typically divided into six tribes.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[2] [1] Conifers are an economically important group of plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

They make up a significant part of the raw materials of the world's sawmill industry and especially the paper industry.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] Description Conifers are perennial woody plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

They are often large sized trees, but can also be bush-like or sparrow-like, like some junipers that grow upland.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[1] [4] [5] Among the ancient conifers known from fossils, there are also some species considered to be grass artifacts.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[6] In woody conifers, the trunk is often straight and erect, as well as the branches horizontally grating, giving many conifers a regular conical crown shape.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[1] [4] Conifers are typically alwayshaft, [1] but the group also includes seasonal representatives such as larches and favorypresses.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[4] Most conifers also crop their lateral shoots along with their old leaves.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] The wood material of coniferous trees consists mainly of hollow tube cells carrying water, namely tracheids [7] [8], unlike cop-seeded hardwoods, which have larger tubes formed from multiple coalesced cells in wood.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[9] There are ring pores between the tube cells.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] [10] The wood material may additionally contain transverse core beams and longitudinal strands consisting of a blunt lock, as well as often resin ducts.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] [11] In conifers, the reaction tree formed due to stress is compression wood, or lyly, formed by compressive stress on the side of the trunk or branch, as opposed to cop-seeded hardwoods which form pull-wood on the opposite side of the tensile stress.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[12] [13] [14] All conifers form fungal roots, or mycorrhizea, together with symbiotic fungi.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] Fungal roots of coniferous trees are often infungal roots, or endomycorrhizas, where fungal mycelium permeates the cell walls of the plant roots, but in the pine family, fungal roots are surface mushroom roots, or ectomycorrhizas.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] [11] Conifers often have an upward uniformly tapering conical canopy.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Most conifers are alwaysgreenish and overwinter with foliage.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The mammoth predator is the largest of the tree species.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The wood material of coniferous trees consists largely of hollow tube cells.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Leaves The main communicating organs of conifers are leaves.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The leaves are typically narrow needles, but other leaf forms also occur, such as the scaly leaves common especially on cypress plants and podcarpus plants, and the larger flat leaves of some podocarp plants and araukaria plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

On many conifers, the early leaves of a young plant are needle-like, but the late leaves of the older plant are scaly.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[1] [4] [7] [15] Shade firs and blade trees serve as the primary communicating organs, rather than vestigial leaves, broadly flat leafy green shoots, or flat-leaf stems.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[4] [7] There is also one conifer species that does not need to connect; podori (Parasitaxus usta) is a parasitic plant unique among bare-seeded plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] A conifer leaf often has only one leaf vein called a medium vein, but wider leaves may also be silposuonic, resulting in several veins in parallel.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] [16] [17] The veins are formed by one or more conductor tendons surrounding the transfusion cell.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The conductor tendons consist mainly of a tree cell and an ankle cell formed by tube cells, while the surrounding transfusion cell consists of blunt cells and short tube cells.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] [11] [18] [19] The cord tendons and the transfusion cell are surrounded by the leaf-green part of the leaf, or mesophyll, consisting of predominantly branched flesh blunt cells in conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Many conifers in the mesophyll also have resin ducts.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The surface of the leaf is formed by a wax layer, or a cuticle protected by an epidermis, and a hypoderm that often contains reinforcing cells that stiffen the leaf.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The surface of the leaf is pierced by air gaps that allow gas exchange in the plant, and in some conifers also resin cysts secreting resin.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] [11] [18] Many always-hated conifers have features that reduce water evaporation typical of drying plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Narrow leaves have a relatively small surface area relative to their volume, the surface is often covered by a thick cuticle, or a layer of wax, and air gaps are often depressed deep into the surface structure.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[18] The leaves of pine plants are typically needle-like.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Cypress plants often have small lapping scaly leaves.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Araukaria plants often have larger flat leaves like the kauri in the picture.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Needle-like early leaves (left) and scaly late leaves (right) in Chinese juniper.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Inflorescences Conifers are bare-seeded plants whose inflorescences are cones in structure.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The inflorescences of coniferous trees are normally singular, [1] [3] in which case they can be divided into staminate cones [20] and mother cones, i.e. actual cones.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[21] [22] Coniferous cones or parts thereof are sometimes referred to as flowers, but in precise definition conifers as bare-seeded plants do not have flowers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[23] The coniferous staminate cone consists of fruit leaves settled around the inflorescence spine.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The pollen-producing dust trays located on the abaxial, or underside, of the fruit leaf.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] There are characteristic air cavities in pollen particles of pine plants and podocarp plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] [11] The coniferous mother cone, or cone, basically consists of the scale-like enamel leaves settled around the inflorescence spine and their bracts called quilt bracts.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Seed motifs develop directly on the surface of cone enamel leaves, as with other bare-seeded plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

However, there are considerable differences in the structure of cones between different coniferous groups.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

For example, on pine plants, numbed enamel and thin quilt bracts stand out as distinctly separate parts in the pine cone, whereas in cypress plants the pistil and quilt bracts are fully coalesced.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

On several conifers, the cone has atrophied to single-seeded.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

These types of cones on podocarp plants and yew plants usually develop as the seed ripens into fleshy structures resembling fruits of cope-seeded plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] [4] The pine cone consists of numbed enamel and thin quilt bracts.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The cone of a cypress plant usually consists of pineal scales formed by coalescent parent and quilt veins.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The pine scales of the yew plant have atrophied, and the sole seed is surrounded by a fleshy seed sheath.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The fleshy part of the pine cone of a podocarpus plant can be formed by both coalescent blanket bracts and the sheath surrounding the seed.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Development History Conifers have evolved from early seed plants that lived in the Paleozoic World Period.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Known from these especially from the Early Coal Age, the order Cordaitales has often been suspected to contain stem forms of coniferous trees, and sometimes the plants in the group have themselves been classified as conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] [6] The oldest known conifer is often considered to be the species Swillingtonia denticulata known from Late Coal Age fossils around 315 million years old.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Another very early conifer is Thucydia mahoningensis, which lived just over 300 million years ago.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

It has been interpreted as a small tree whose erect trunk grew horizontally branching branches covered by short needle-like leaves.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Different from contemporary conifers, the tree produced multiples of cones where the larger cone consisted of more small cones.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Swillington has been described from a more concise and poorly-preserved material, but has been suggested to have been similar.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

These late Coal Age trees are often considered representatives of the line of development that led to contemporary conifers, although they are traditionally classified within the separate order Voltziales.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[6] [24] [25] From the Coal Age to the Permian and Triassic, conifers became substantially sorted and diversified.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The diverse group of Triastric conifers included not only always-haired trees and shrubs living in a wide variety of habitats, but also cool-climate seasonal trees such as Telemachus, [26] as well as fast-growing grasses such as Aethophyllum.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[6] [27] The wood material, leaves and staminate cones of these ancient conifers were often very similar to those of the present ones, but their mother beds were still multiples.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Scientists have suggested the simpler pineal scales of existing conifers evolved from the multi-coloured structures of these types of cones.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[6] In the Mesozoic World Period, plants belonging to current coniferous tribes appear in fossil material.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The boundary draw between existing conifer groups and prehistoric groups is not unequivocal, and for example the Triassic genus Parasciadopitys has sometimes been considered the oldest known representative of a tribe of cypress plants, [6] but in other interpretations it is classified within the order Voltziales.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[28] By the Cretaceous at the latest, however, all six generally accepted current conifer tribes unquestionably existed and the cones serving as their main distinguishing signs had largely evolved into their present form.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] [6] With the increasing prevalence of coppic-seeded, or flowering plants, from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic period, conifers have become less common.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Flowering plants have been able to adapt, evolve and sort conifers more quickly.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

As a result, flowering plants have largely displaced conifers from many habitats, and completely replaced conifers as plants in steppe areas, for example.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Existing conifers often grow in marginal habitats, in conditions that are too cold or nutrient-poor for flowering plants of comparable size.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[29] Over 300 million years old, Dorycordaites sometimes belong to the order Cordaitales, considered the oldest conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Around 300 million years ago, Walchia belongs to the order Voltziales of early conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Fronds of the genus Brachyphyllum have been variously shown to belong to araucaria plants and the family Cheirolepidiaceae.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Around 160 million years old, Araucaria mirabilis belongs to the now-living genus of araucarias.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Classification Conifers are bare-seeded seed plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The exact position of the group depends on the classification used.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Coniferous trees have been treated, among others, as tribe Coniferae, order Coniferales, class Pinopsida and arc Pinophyta.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

In the current cladistic classification, the coniferous group might be referred to as Pinidae or Coniferales.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[1] [3] According to several genetic studies, tribes traditionally considered conifers are not actually a coherent group and thus do not form a scientific taxon at all.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

In many research results, the bare-seeded plant sect Gnetales, which has not traditionally been considered coniferous, ranks the coniferous pine plant tribe as a sister group between pine plants and other conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

In this case, conifers would not be a single-born, or monophyletic group according to the current classification, without plants of the order Gnetales.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] [11] [7] Some researchers have therefore defined plants in the Gnetales group as conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] Sects and tribes The conifers living today are divided into six tribes according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, which developed the classification of plants.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The following diagram shows their kinship relationships.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[2] Pine plants are distinctly different in lineage and appearance from all other conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The pine plant tribe is the most basal of the current coniferous tribes, which means it separated from the common line of development of coniferous trees first.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[2] [11] There are several views among scholars regarding the division of conifers into sects.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

In the classification used by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, plant tribes traditionally included in conifers are divided into two sects; the order Pinales includes only the tribe of pine plants [11] and the large order Cupressales includes all other five coniferous tribes.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[7] In some classifications, the closely related araucaria plants and podocarp plants have been separated from the order Cupressales into a separate order Araucariales.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[1] In the second classifications, all coniferous tribes living today are included in the order Pinales.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[30] There are also differing views on the number of coniferous tribes.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

For example, a genus of grapes (Cephalotaxus) may be separated from yew plants into a separate family of Cephalotaxaceae, or a genus of blade trees (Phyllocladus) can be separated from podocladaceae from podocladaceae as family Phyllocladaceae.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

In addition, genera in the current family of cypress plants were commonly divided into the family of cypress plants and the favorypress plant family (Taxodiaceae) until genetic studies proved the division to be unjustified.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[1] [31] Fossil conifer groups In addition to the tribes that live today, several prehistoric plants known from fossils have been classified within conifers that resembled the present conifers structurally and morphologically, but do not clearly belong to any current conifer tribe.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

For example, Cheirolepidiaceae is a family of plants that lived in the Mesozoic World Period and is considered quite unanimously among scientists to belong to conifers, as the plants in the family resemble a great deal in external characteristics and structure, especially araucaria plants and cypress plants of tribal conifers.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

However, representatives of the family Cheirolepidiaceae distinguish themselves as their own group from these existing coniferous tribes that existed already in the Mesozoic period due to their unique complex pollen structure as well as their exceptionally thick cuticula.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[6] Voltziales are a large group of bare-seeded plants of the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic period, traditionally classified as a separate order from contemporary conifers, but representing the stem forms of existing conifers in the opinion of several scientists.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Plants classified in the Voltziales group resemble contemporary conifers in many ways, but differ markedly in favor of the structure of the multiplier of the mother tree.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Many researchers believe the simpler pineal scales of existing conifers evolved from the multiple-coloured structures of these cones.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[3] [6] [32] Cordaitales are another set of mainly bare-seeded plants of the Paleozoic period, which are also considered by some scientists to be stem forms of coniferous trees, while other researchers consider them to represent a distinct line of development from coniferous trees.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

The plants of the Cordaitales group resemble contemporary conifers structurally, but differ markedly in favor of the structure of both their staminate and mother cones.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[33] [34] Distribution Conifers occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Conifers are particularly dominant in the cool-temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, which is often referred to as the Northern Coniferous Forest Zone.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

However, only a small proportion of coniferous species grow in the cool-temperate climate region, as species abundance is highest in the highlands of subtropical and tropical zones.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

[29] Four species grow wild in Finland: pine pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies), juniper (Juniperus communis) and European yew (Taxus baccata), and among others Siberian larch (Larix sibirica), European larch (Larix decidua), sembra pine (Pinus harpsichord), Thuja occidentalis, Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica).


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Farjon, Aljos| title = A Handbook of the World's Conifers: Revised and Updated Edition| location = Leiden| publisher = Brill| year= 2017| id = ISBN 9789004324510| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for in File namespace.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 15—44}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sharp, Eija and Heather, Eira| title = Plant anatomy | location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2008| isbn = 978-951-37-5296-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Taylor, Thomas N.; Krings, Michael and Taylor, Edith L.| title= Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants| publisher = Academic Press| year = 2009| isbn=978-0-12-373972-8| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How many species of coniferous trees are there in Finland?

Conifers

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 788—871}} References * Category:Key articles in screening


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

Basketball is a sport and mainly a ball game played inside, with two teams playing against each other.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

Basketball is a contact sport, but tackles are not allowed.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The purpose is to try to score points by throwing the ball through a circular ring on the ends of the field into the basket (upper season) and defending the basket of one's own field half from opposing attackers without making fouls.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

Court Basketball court platform is usually lacquered parquet.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

In International Basketball Federation rules, the dimensions of the field are 28 × 15 meters.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

In the NBA, the field is slightly larger, at 29.5 × 15.2 metres.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[1] The field is marked with lines such as sidelines, center boundary, center circles, free-throw lines, three-second zone dash, and three-point throwing zone dash.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

In international basketball, the free-throw line is 5.80 metres from the end, the three-second range is 4.90 metres wide between the end and the free-throw line, and the three-point throw zone dash is for the most part 6.75 metres from the basket but closer to the edges.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The inside of the three-second area is painted monochrome.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[2] Basket There are baskets at each end of the field.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The center of the basket is 1,575 meters from the end boundary.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[3] The bodywork ring is a metal rod 16−20 millimetres thick.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The inner diameter of the bodywork ring is 45.0−45.9 centimeters.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The upper edge of the body ring is about 305.0 centimeters from floor level.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[4] Behind the basket ring is a rectangular basket plate.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

A basket sock hangs from the basket ring, which slows the ball down to facilitate the detection of the made basket and allows the ball to fall out of the basket at all times conveniently in the same place.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[1] Ball Basketball is an air-filled ball whose surface material is usually leather or rubber.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The surface material of balls used in official matches is natural leather or synthetic leather.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

In the kits of the youngest, as well as in hobby use especially outdoor games, rubber coated balls are also used.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The men's official ball weighs 567 to 650 grams and is 74.9—78.0 centimeters in circumference.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The ball for women and boys starting with C youth is slightly smaller, and in mini and micro sets even smaller.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[5] Gameplay The purpose of the game is to score more points than the opponent.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

Players feed the ball to each other, carry it by bouncing, and attempt to throw the ball through the opponent's basket ring.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

If the ball returns to play from the basket plate, play continues.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

If the ball touches the floor or basket stand behind the sideline, the other team receives a boundary throw.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The game clock is always stopped for a time when the ball is not in play.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[1] For a free throw that went to the basket, a team scores one point, three points for a basket thrown from outside the three-point arc, and two points for all other baskets.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The winning team often scores more than a hundred points.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[1] Tactics Players play positions are playmaker, throwing backman, small wide receiver, big wide receiver and centre-back.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

The backman's job is to bring the ball up in attack and run the game.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

Centter is usually the longest player on the team, and he tends to pick up rebounds and fend off opponent's throws under the basket.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[1] Place-defence or male guarding may be used as defensive tactics.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

In place defence, the players of the defending team guard their own territory and the attacking players coming to it.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

In man-guarding, they each shadow their own attacking player and try to prevent him from carrying, pitching or throwing.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[1] Rules Composition The team consists of up to 12 players, five of whom are on the field at a time.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[1] Rounds According to international rules, there are four rounds of 10 minutes in a basketball match.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

Batch breaks are 2, 15 and 2 minutes.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[6] Four 12-minute rounds are played in the NBA.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[1] Four rounds of eight minutes are played in mini basketball.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

If the game is tied after the fourth round, five-minute extension rounds are played to determine the winner.


Question: How many rules are there in a basketball game?

Basketball

[6] Handling The ball must be played by hand: by entering, throwing, hitting, scrolling or bouncing.