Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Museumsufer, or “museum beach”, is located in Sachsenhausen.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Cityscape Like many other major cities in Germany, Frankfurt has also changed fundamentally since World War II.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The reason is, on the one hand, the devastation caused by major bombings; on the other hand, the style of reconstruction that favoured the overhaul of the street grid to suit automobile traffic.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Of the more than four thousand truss houses in the Old Town, only one has survived damaged: the Haus Wertheym, located just outside the Fahrtor City Gate.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In the fold of the 20th century, significant street alignments were implemented, such as the four-hundred-metre Braubachstraße, punctured across the Old Town between 1904 and 1906.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Judengasse Jewish ghetto was demolished.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The historic Old Town confessions are in the area around Römerberg.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The current boundaries of Frankfurt-Altstadt (Old Town) correspond to the alignment of the city wall, or Stafenmauer, built in the 12th century.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Remains of the wall have been preserved, among others, along Farhgasse.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Old Town Catholic Cathedral Kaiserdom St. Bartholomäus with late-Gothic turrets was the place of election and crowning of German emperors.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Located in the Old Town's central square on the Römerberg are the town hall, or der Römer from the 14th century, and the early Gothic church Alte Nikolaikirche.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Paavalin Church, which served as the evangelical main church in Frankfurt until 1944, was built 1789—1833 on the site of the medieval Barfüßerkirche demolished in 1786.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The church served as the seat of the National Assembly of Frankfurt from 1848 to 1849.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Among the main streets of the old town is Neue Kräme.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Built in the 12th century, the 170-metre street connects the main squares of the old town, Römerberg in the south and Liebfrauenberg in the north.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Liebfrauenberg houses the Liebfrauenkirche, built in the 14th century, as well as the Liebfrauenbrunnen from 1770 and the Zum Paradies/Grimmvogel, one of Frankfurt's few surviving Baroque houses.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The culinary focal point of the town is Kleinmarkthalle, a new building dating from 1954.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In the western part of the old town at Großer Hirschgraben 23 lies Goethe-Haus, where Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born and lived until 1795.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The present house is a new building built on the site of the original house destroyed in World War II from 1947.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The movable furniture and books, on the other hand, is original.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Museums Museumsufer (“museum beach”) (Schaumainkai) is located on the banks of the Main in the Sachsenhausen district in the area between Eiserner Steg and Friedensbrücke.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

It is among the key museum concentrations in Germany and Europe.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The nine museums on the south shore of the Museumufer are: Deutschordenskirche/Frankfurter Ikonenmuseum (“Icon Museum”) [16] Museum für Angewandte Kunst (“Museum of Arts and Crafts”); opened 1990 [17] Museum der Weltkulturer (“Museum of World Culture”); opened 1904, Ethnological Museum Deutsches Filmmuseum (“German Film Museum”); opened 1984, subject of film art and film history [18] Deutsches Architekturmuseum (DAM) (“German Architecture Museum”) [19] Museum für Kommunikation (“Communication Museum”); opened 1958, former postal museum [20] Städelsches Kunstinstitut (“Städel Art Institute”) ( Städel); opened 1816, founded by banker and mesenate Johann Friedrich Städel (1728—1816) [21] Liebieghaus (Städtische Galerie Liebieghaus); sculpture museum in Liebieghaus built in 1896 [22] Museum Giersch; opened 2000, subject art and cultural history of the Rhine-Main region.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

[23] On the northern bank on the Innenstadt side are located two museums: the Jüdisches Museum (“Jewish Museum”); opened in 1988, the subject of Jewish history in Frankfurt from the 12th century to the 20th century [24] Historisches Museum (“Historical Museum”); opened 1878, subject of the Frankfurt region cultural history, located on the Römerberg Square.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

[25] Naturmuseum Senckenberg is Germany's most notable natural history museum, alongside Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

It is located outside the core centre, in the immediate vicinity of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität University.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Skyscrapers Frankfurt is among the few European cities with a “skyline” formed of skyscrapers (more than 150-meter building) and tower blocks.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Because of this, the city has been nicknamed “Mainhattan”, a reference to New York City's Manhattan borough.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Most high-rise buildings in Frankfurt are located in what is known as a bank block (Bankenviertel) in the western part of the central city.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

At the end of 2007, there were ten buildings over 150 metres in Frankfurt as well as one Opernturm under construction, intended to reach 168 metres.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Germany's only house to be classified as a skyscraper outside Frankfurt is the Bonn Post Tower.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Completed in 1961, the 120-metre Henningerturm in the Sachsenhausen district was the first building in Frankfurt to rise higher than the western tower of the Kaiserdom.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The 1970s saw the rise of the approximately 160-foot Marriott-Hotel as well as the Dresdner Bank.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The 257-metre Messeturm was completed in 1990 and seven years later elevated to the 259-metre Commerzbank Tower.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The tallest structure in Frankfurt is the 337.5-metre Europaturm built between 1974 and 1978 and referred to by Frankfurtians as the Ginnheimer Spargel.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

However, it is not a skyscraper, but a tower built for telecommunications needs in the vicinity of the Bundesbank, Grüneburgpark and Palmengarten.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The tower was closed to the public in 1999 due to financial reasons.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Since the Henningerturm was also closed to visitors in 2002, the Maintower has been the only building open to the public in Frankfurt to admire the scenery from two hundred metres high.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The 25th floor of the 115-metre Japan Center houses a restaurant and on the 22nd Lounge, the 22nd Lounge, the city's tallest residential building, the 110-metre Eurotheum.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

During the so-called Wolkenkratzer Festival held at irregular intervals, other skyscrapers are also open to the public.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Streets and squares The main of Frankfurt's streets and squares are the Hauptwache of the core centre and Zeil, a pedestrian promenade from it.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Grüngürtel Grüngürtel (Der Frankfurter Grüngürtel) is a green space spanning about 8000 hectares.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

It is protected and thus prohibited from construction.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Grüngürtel surrounds the city and comprises about one-third of the city's area.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The green space also includes a 4902 hectare (Frankfurter Stadtwald) town forest in the south of Frankfurt, one of the largest of its kind in Germany.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Palmengarten Frankfurt is an internationally renowned botanical garden founded in 1871 with about 2500 species of plants.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Its immediate connection lies the second botanical garden Botanische Garten Frankfurt (Botanischer Garten der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main) and Grüneburgpark.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Economy Frankfurt's gross domestic product is among the highest in Germany, both per capita and employed.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

[26] Internationally, Frankfurt is particularly known as a banking and commercial city.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

[27] [28] It houses the headquarters of the European Central Bank and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (DAX [29]).


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Frankfurt is the largest financial centre in continental Europe.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In addition to business in the financial sector, the city is home to a large number of international companies from industries such as chemistry, advertising and computer programming.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Industriepark Höchst Industriepark is one of the largest concentrations of chemical and pharmaceutical industries in Europe.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

[30] The city is also home to the German headquarters of food groups Nestlé and Ferrero.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The auditing firms PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG have their German headquarters in Frankfurt.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Several foreign automakers have German or European headquarters in Frankfurt.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Japanese company Mazda has a design centre in Oberursel.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Frankfurt area automakers and industry subcontractors form the cluster Automotive Cluster Rhein Main Neckar.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Notable companies in the IT and telecommunications sectors in Frankfurt include T-Systems, DB Systel and Sparkassen Informatik.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

International IT companies Colt, Level 3 and Avaya have German headquarters in the city.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Frankfurt-based computer game manufacturers include Crytek, as well as U.S.-based Atari and Japanese Konami.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Particularly rich IT mergers exist in the former industrial areas along Hanauer Landstraße, Mainzer Landstraße and Gutleutstraße.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In the Frankfurt metropolitan area, IT companies are notably in Bad Homburg, Eschborn, Kronberg, Langen and Neu-Isenburg.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Media Frankfurt's most prominent newspapers are the Frankfurter Allgemeine and the Frankfurter Rundschau.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In addition, the five-day (Tuesday-Saturday) economic magazine Börsen-Zeitung appears in the city.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Regionally significant publications include Frankfurter Neue Presse.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The most significant of the city journals is the biweekly Journal Frankfurt, published on Tuesdays, with an edition of around 30000 copies.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Oeko-TEST consumer magazine and the satirical monthly magazine Titanic are also published in the city.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The first radio station in Frankfurt was the Südwestdeutsche Rundfunkdienst AG, which began operations in 1924.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The television channels of its successor, Hessischer Rundfunk (hr), part of the ARD Group, include hr-fernsehen, ARTE and 3sat.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The company's radio channels include hr1—hr4 as well as hr-info and YOU FM.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The independent radio channels Main FM and Radio X. Founded in Frankfurt in 1989, Hit Radio FFH maintains its lodge in the neighbouring town of Bad Vilbel.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The German office of US media group Bloomberg TV is located in Frankfurt.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The media giant RTL Group also has a regional studio in the city.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

International information agencies Reuters and Associated Press have offices in Frankfurt.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Wikimedia Deutschland has had an office in Frankfurt since October 2006.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Transport Frankfurt Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) is located about twelve kilometers southwest of the city's core center.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The station opened in July 1936.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

It is the third busiest in Europe, after London's Heathrow Airport and Paris Charles de Gaulle, as measured by number of passengers.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In the amount of air cargo it is the first.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In 2010, there were 53.0 million passengers and 2.2 million tonnes of cargo.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

[31] Frankfurt-Hahn Airport, despite its name, is located approximately 120km west of Frankfurt am Main in Lautzenhausen in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Frankfurt-Egelsbach Aerodrome is located in the municipality of Egelsbach, 17km south of Frankfurt.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Frankfurt Central Railway Station, on the other hand, is one of the most important rail transport hubs in Europe.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In terms of passenger volume (350000 passengers per day), it is the second largest in Germany after Hamburg Central Station, along with Munich Central Station.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In terms of area, along with the main stations in Leipzig and Zurich, it is among the largest in Europe.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The station opened in August 1888.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In 2002, a new high-speed line for ICE trains was completed from Frankfurt to Cologne, reducing travel time by 1¼ hours.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In addition, the station has a high-speed track to Paris Gare de l'Est station, where the journey takes four hours.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

[32] Frankfurt also plays a central role in road transport.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In Frankfurter Kreuz (“Frankfurt Junction”) near the main airport, the motorways A5 (Hattenbacher Dreieck—Weil am Rhein) and the A3 (Arnhem—Passau) are intersected.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

More than 300,000 vehicles pass through the busiest motorway crossing in Europe every day.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Motorway A 66 takes you west to Wiesbaden and east to Fulda.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The forty-kilometre A661 runs in a south-north direction from Egelsbach via Frankfurt to Oberursel.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The A5 in the west, the A661 in the northeast and the A3 in the south form the motorway circle surrounding Frankfurt.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

There are approximately 1150km of municipal streets in Frankfurt.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

There are several long-distance bus lines from the city to Berlin, Hamburg, Mannheim and Munich, among others.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The frame for local traffic in Frankfurt and the surroundings is formed by the more than three hundred kilometre Rhine-Main S-Bahn rail network.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The history of the city's tramway network goes back to 1872.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The network has a length of about 63km and runs nine regular and two special lines.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The largest company that operates local transport is Verkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt (VGF).


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Frankfurt's car density, at 715 cars per 1,000 inhabitants, is the highest among Germany's major cities.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Ports There is some freight traffic running along the Mainriver.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Rhine River again connects Frankfurt with the major industrial centres of North Rhine-Westphalia and the Netherlands.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In turn, via the Rhine—Main—Danube Canal, there is a connection to southeastern Central Europe.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The importance of the city's ports has diminished considerably, and due to their central location, harbour areas have been converted into residential areas.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Ports in Frankfurt include: Hafen Mainkur (formerly Cassella-Hafen) in the Fechenheim Industrial Estate, an occasional use by Industriepark Cassella companies Hafen Offenbach, decommissioned 2004 and located opposite Oberhafen harbour with two still in use the pool of Osthafen, which is the largest of the Frankfurt ports in Mainkai Old Town (das Altstädter Mainufer), which is the oldest of the ports and the current beach promenade on the Schaumainkai Sachsenhäusen side, known as the museum centre Westhafen, which has been converted into a residential area and whose harbour pool is adapted for pleasure boat use, over the pool have been built two footbridges at Kraftwerk West, which is the coal port of the previous neighbouring Flusshafen Gutleuthof, which is still in use by Chemiewerk Griesheim's rarely used loading site Höchster Hafen, which abolished in the 1980s, former times are commemorated by loading cranes from the 1950s and the 18th-century Industriepark Höchst industrial area harbour.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Cultural life The Speech Theatre Schauspiel Frankfurt and the city's opera institution Oper Frankfurt operate under the joint name Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Alte Oper, opened in 1881, was destroyed in World War II, in 1981 it reopened as a concert hall.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Frankfurt's well-known boulevard theatres include the Komödie Neuen on Mainzer Straße and the Fritz Rémond-Theater.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Two major symphony orchestras operate in the city, the Frankfurter Museumsorchester founded in 1808 and the HR SymphonieOrchester.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Well-known choirs include the Cäcilien-Chor, founded in 1818, the Frankfurter Singakademie, as well as the Frankfurter Kantorei.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Frankfurt am Main was a key city in the US occupation zone after World War II, and received considerable US cultural influences.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Radio station American Forces Network (AFN) broadcast a wealth of both rock and jazz music.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In the decades after the war, Frankfurt developed into one of Germany's most important cities in the field of jazz.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

In the 1990s, along with Berlin, the city was the birthplace of German techno-music.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Frankfurt Book Fair (Frankfurter Buchmesse) has been organized beginning in the 15th century and in a contemporary format since 1949.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

[33] Events regularly held in Frankfurt include the biannual Dippemess, or Dippemarkt, of which the earliest mention is from the 12th century.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Tuesday day after Pentecost is referred to as Wäldchestag.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

That's when a folk festival is held in Oberforsthaus in the city forest.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The history of the celebration goes back to the late 18th century.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The Höchst district has held the Höchster Schloßfest, a folk festival since 1957.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

Starting in 1490, the Sachsenhäuser Brunnenfest was held in the borough of Sachsenhausen to celebrate the cleaning of the wells.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The tradition faded with the advent of aqueducts, but was revived again in 1953.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

A well celebration is held every August and Brunnenkönig, or “well queen”, is chosen during it.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

A Christmas market, the Frankfurter Weihnachtsmarkt, is held annually in the Old Town.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt

The first mention of the market dates from 1393.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

In the 21st century, Frankfurt Christmas markets have also taken place in some British cities.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

The largest of them is in Birmingham.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

Education Frankfurt am Main has two universities and several polytechnics.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

The oldest and most famous university is Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, founded in 1914.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

In addition, the city has the Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, which has a campus area in Frankfurter Ostend.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

Artistic higher education is provided by the Staatliche Hochschule für bildende Künste (Städelschule), founded in 1817 by Johann Friedrich Städel, and the Dr. Hoch's Conservatorium, founded in 1878.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

Founded in 1971, the Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main trains engineers and economists.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

In addition, Frankfurt is home to the Max-Planck-Institute für europäische Rechtsgeschichte (MPIER), Biophysik und Hirnforschung.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

Sports in Frankfurt include the following sports teams and clubs: Eintracht Frankfurt, football SV 07 Heddernheim, football FSV Frankfurt, football 1.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

FFC Frankfurt, football Frankfurter FC Germania 1894, football Frankfurt Lions, ice hockey Deutsche Bank Skyliners, basketball Frankfurt Universe, American football Frankfurt's former sports clubs include: 1.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

Bockenheimer FC 1899, a football Frankfurt Galaxy, was an American football in Frankfurt held every year as a road cycling race at the Rund um den Henninger Turm.


Question: Does Leipzig have a port in town?

Frankfurt, Main

Frankfurt am Main born celebrities A—H Theodor Adorno, sociologist, philosopher, musicologist and composer Bettina von Arnim, author Robert J. Aumann, mathematician Otto Bayer, chemist Nadja Benaissa, pop singer Gerd Binnig, physicist Trudi Birger Clemens Brentano, Romantic-period writer Karl Enslin, poet and teacher Hans Fischer, chemist Joschka Fischer, politician Wolfgang Flür, musician Anne Frank, German Jewish girl, Holocaust best-known victim Jean Frankfurter, composer and producer Erich Fromm, humanist philosopher and non-fiction writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, general genius Michael Groß, swimmer and Olympic champion Otto Hahn, scientist Heinrich Hoffmann, psychiatrist and author K—Z Charles the Bald Head, Franco-Roman emperor Roland Koch, politician Otto Loewi, pharmacologist Ernst May, architect Maria Sibylla Merian, visual artist Willy Messerschmitt, aircraft designer Ulrike Meyfarth, high jumper Andreas Möller, footballer Henri Nestlé, businessman and pharmacist Marcel Reich-Ranicki, literary critic Thomas A. Reiter, astronaut Eduard Rüppell, naturalist and explorer Arthur Schopenhauer, philosopher Karl Schwarzschild, mathematician, physicist and astronomer Philipp Uffenbach, painter August Weismann, biologist Frank Edwin Wright III, American Green Day band drummer Friedrich Wöhler, chemist Hans Zimmer, composer Jan Zweyer, author of Friendships Lyon, France, since 1960 Birmingham, United Kingdom, 1966 Milan, Italy, 1971 Cairo, Egypt, 1979 Tel Aviv, Israel, 1980 Canton (Canton), China, 1988 Toronto, Canada, 1989 Budapest, Hungary, 1990 Prague, Czech Republic, 1990 Granada, Nicaragua, 1991 Krakow, Poland, 1991 Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2005 Sources on Topic Elsewhere (PDF) (2.93 MB) * Category:Key to Screening Articles


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Thumble|Vocational School no.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

33 in Shakhty, where Cchikatilo worked during his first murder.Andrei Romanovich Tchikatilo (ven.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Андрей Романович Чикатило, October 16, 1936, Jabluchne, Sumy Oblast, USSR — February 14, 1994, Novocherkassk, Russia) was a Soviet criminal who rose to public prominence for his commitments of serial murders, [1] eating corpses, [1] sexual acts directed at the dead [1] and because of child sexual abuse.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] At his trial, Chikatilo confessed to murdering a total of 56 women and children between 1978 and 1990.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In reality, he may have killed significantly more people.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [2] Chikatilo raped girls, boys and adult women.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [2] Communication media have named Cchikatilo the “Red Ripper”, the “Rostov Ripper” and the “Butcher of Rostov”.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [2] Childhood Birth and childhood Chikatilo was born in the village of Jabluchne, Soviet Ukraine in 1936.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Her parents were Anna and Roman Chikatilo.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[3] He was born with hydrocephalus, which subsequently caused him to have urinary incontinence and erectile inability.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] According to the story, Chikatilo's mother would often frighten her son with horror stories about how his older brother Stepan had been kidnapped, killed and eaten.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Chikatilo's intimidation has not been proven right, and even with certainty it is not known that he had a brother.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] At that time, the Soviet Union had begun its industrialisation programme, and the forced taking of farms to society by the secretary-general, Josif Stalin, which had governed the state, had not long ago caused widespread famine.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

People were forced to eat corpses in Ukraine, and from known cases, a kind of folk tales developed.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [2] During World War II, Chikatilo witnessed several devastating and bloody bombings by the Germans.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He imagined how German prisoners of war were taken into the woods and executed.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Soviet children often had fantasies like that in wartime.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Birth of a sister while Chikatilo's father was at war a girl was born into the family.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Chikatilo's younger sister was conceived most likely after a German soldier raped Chikatilo's mother, and since the family only had a small cottage, one room and one bed, young Andrei possibly witnessed her mother being raped, which may have traumatised her.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [3] The child may also have been born out of detachment.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [3] The mother mistreated her son.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo was forced to sleep in the same bed as his mother and because of urine retention problems caused by hydrocephalus, he constantly wet his bed.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Because of bedwetting, the mother humiliated the boy, mocked his manliness, and often harshly and violently beat him.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [2] Sexuality The first and only sexual experience of Chikatilo's early youth occurred at the age of 15 in the early 1950s.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He attacked a young girl, knocked her to the ground and was ejaculated as the girl tried to struggle to free herself.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In Cchikatilo's mind, a lifelong association between sex and aggression may have arisen.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He was never capable of normal sexual intercourse.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Chikatilo also attempted a normal relationship after becoming infatuated with a local girl after military service, but was badly humiliated when the girl discovered Cchikatilo's inability.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The girl told Chikatilo's secret to her friends.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Soon Chikatilo's impotence knew all the villagers, and he himself for the first time in his life realized that he would never be able to have normal sexual intercourse.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Chikatilo felt great shame and vindictiveness and began to imagine how he would kill the girl and dismember the body.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

After that incident, Cchikatilo's sexual-sadistic personality disorder began to plague his daily life.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

However, he did not commit his first murder until 1978.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Adulthood and marriage Chikatilo married in 1963 to his sister's friend Faina, the daughter of a 24-year-old coal miner.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[4] Chikatilo was living with his sister at the time, who had to watch how the brother failed to find himself a girlfriend.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Thus, out of pity, he arranged for his brother to reunite with Faina.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] The couple did not have much sex life due to male impotence; however, after numerous attempts, they had two children: daughter Lyudmilan (born 1965) and son Yuri (b.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[5] [6] Chikatilo conceived his children by masturbating over his wife's genitals and inserting semen with his fingers into his wife's vagina.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Work, education and career Chikatilo did well in primary school and aspired to Moscow State University to study law, but he did not survive the entrance exam.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

After that, he applied to the local vocational school and began studying Marxism-Leninism, Russian literature and mechanical engineering.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] After military service in 1960, Chikatilo moved to Rodjonovo-Nesvetajevsky.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

After completing a degree at a technical vocational school, he began work as a telephone fitter.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In his spare time, he continued his literary studies.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo wanted to believe in himself and compensated for his impotence with diligent study and the pursuit of “genius.”


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] In 1970, Chikatilo quit work as a telephone technician.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The following year he completed a degree in Russian literature as a letter course.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

As Czechatila had already completed legal and literary studies, he was considered competent enough to work as a teacher.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Chikatilo failed as a teacher; he failed to discipline the children, the schoolchildren taunted him and smoked cigarettes in class in front of Cchikatilo's face.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Children often called him “goose”, which in Russian may also be synonymous with idiot.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Sexual frustration In the early 1970s, Cchikatilo's sexual frustration began to become unbearable.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

His anger grew with walks in the streets or parks where you saw young lovers — these brought Cchikatilo's rage to power.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He was angered by the idea that anyone of low intellect could have sex, but Cchikatilo, a highly educated and learned man, was unable to have normal sexual intercourse.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Eventually, Chikatilo began molesting children in his school class, both boys and girls.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

After this came to light, Chikatilo was dismissed; the school management did not file a crime report but remained silent on the matter.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In the Soviet Union of that time, the revelation of child sexual abuse was shameful and embarrassing for many quarters.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

However, he managed to keep his job for up to ten years.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [3] Because he was dismissed in all silence, his new job was not known about his past.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Moving to Shakhty Chikatilo and his family moved to nearby Shakhty, where he got a job again as a teacher at vocational school number 33.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

There he continued to abuse schoolchildren.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Chikatilo served as a teacher until 1981, when further abuse cases survived and he lost his teaching post for good.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Chikatilo subsequently obtained work as a branch manager and roving product presenter at a local factory.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The product-presenter's work included long, multi-day trips around the Soviet Union in public transport.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Beginning of a series of murders First victim miniature|The ditch where Jelena Zakotnova's body was found on 24 December 1978.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In 1978, Chikatilo moved to Shakhty near the city of Rostov-na-Donu.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

To begin with, Chikatilo had to live alone, waiting for his family to move in behind.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

During this time, he was free to carry out his perversions.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Mr Chikatilo was a permanent resident of a high-rise apartment that his family was also due to move into.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In addition to the apartment, however, he acquired himself a small and secret, dilapidated three-room cottage in a shadowy remote alley.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] On December 22, 1978, Chikatilo committed his first murder.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He lured a nine-year-old girl, Yelena Zakotnova, into his journey from a local bus stop, by offering him chewing gum, a rare treat for Soviet children of that time.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Zakotnova agreed to join, and Chikatilo took her to his secret cabin with the intention of raping her.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Due to impotence, the rape failed, but while struggling with the girl, Chikatilo struck her with a knife and had an orgasm.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Thus, Chikatilo discovered that he could realize his sexuality by using a knife instead of his genitals.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Chikatilo dumped Zakotnova's body and her school backpack into a nearby river where the victim was later found.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] During his commute, Cchikatilo fulfilled his raw fantasies.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He stayed a lot in his spare time at public rail and bus stations, where it was easy to find victims without anyone noticing.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

This contributed to the complication of militia investigations, as bodies were found randomly around the country.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Soviet criminal investigative methods were obsolete by the Western yardstick.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

This made it even more difficult to find the culprit.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Police officers always suspected locals based on where the victim was found, but did not take into account the possibility that the murderer might travel a lot.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] First Suspect Militias captured several suspects and tried to force them to confess.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Eventually, a young man, Aleksandr Kravchenko, confessed and was sentenced to death, even though the evidence pointed to Czekatilo.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Despite the execution of the presumed culprit, new bodies continued to be found.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The execution had already been carried out when the verdict was found to be wrong.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] [2] Chikatilo closely followed news of the murder from local newspapers.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He feared his capture would be imminent when Kravchenko was executed.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo waited two years before committing his next murder.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] In September 1981, Chikatilo lured 17-year-old Larisa Tkatchenko with him from a bus stop in Rostov and murdered her in a forest near the Don River.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[7] Beginning of an actual series of murders The actual series of murders began in 1982.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Chikatilo sought victims near railway and bus stations, where people selling sex, poor vagabonds and children often spent time.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Mr Chikatilo was a product presenter at the local factory at the time and travelled a lot in public transport [1].


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Eventually, he was fired for neglecting his job duties while focusing on finding victims.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] In June 1982, Chikatilo encountered a 13-year-old girl, Ljubov Birjuk, who was returning home from a shopping trip in Donskoi village.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[8] Chikatilo started talking to the girl, and when he discovered he was with the girl alone, attacked her and stabbed her to death.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

After Birjuk's murder, Cchikatilo was no longer able to resist his murderousness.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In July, Chikatilo murdered a young girl in Krasnodar while on a business trip.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In August, he murdered a nine-year-old boy and a 16-year-old girl.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In September, Chikatilo murdered a 19-year-old girl and a 15-year-old boy who escaped from boarding school in Shakhty.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[9] On December 10, 1982, Olga Stalmatšenok left for piano class and disappeared without a trace.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The only sign of the girl was a strange postcard received by the parents stating that their daughter had been killed in the forest and in the coming year ten more would die.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The card bore the signature “Sadist Black Cat”; later it turned out to be written by Chikatilo.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Stalmatchenok's body was found in April 1983 frozen, naked and mutilated five miles from the music college; he had been left in a field in a groove left by a tractor tyre.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[10] Chikatilo tried to have sex with sex sellers, but because of his impotence he was unable to do so.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The women mocked his sexual problems, which caused Cchikatilo to become immensely enraged, and which eventually led to his murder.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Treatment of victims Police officers were appalled by the brutality of the murders: many of the victims had been mutilated and dismembered, and in several cases it was apparent that the murderer had bitten off body parts of his victims.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Czechatila often bit off the breasts and outer vitae of his female victims, as did the juvenile penile.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Usually he also punctured or gouged the eyes out of his victims, because according to the old Russian belief, the image of the murderer remains in the eyes of the victim.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] The series of murders was so brutal that it was initially suspected that some Satan worship cult was carrying out their sacrificial expenditure, or that the question would involve a group thieving visceral organs for transplantation.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Chikatilo was a married middle-class, middle-aged father of two, grandfather and active Communist Party member.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] By 1983, six bodies had already been found.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

A Moscow police investigator, Major Mikhail Fetisov was sent to the city of Rostov-na-Donu to lead investigations.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Fetisov concentrated investigations in the Shahty region and assigned criminal investigation specialist Viktor Burakov to head the investigation team.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Investigations began to progress under Burakov's direction, but the culprit was never caught.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Police officers suspected and questioned mostly local people with mental health problems and sex offenders, many of whom were arrested without charge.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] An underage homosexual who was suspected even committed suicide in a holding cell.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

However, more bodies were found throughout, proving that the men who made the confession were innocent.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In October 1983, Cchikatilo murdered Vera Shevkun, who had been selling sex, a 19-year-old boy, and in December, Sergei Markov, a 14-year-old boy.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[11] 1984 During January and February, Chikatilo murdered two women in the Pilots' Park, Rostov.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

On March 24, Chikatilo lured 10-year-old Dimitri Ptashnikov with him from a stamp kiosk in Novoshahtinsk by presenting himself as a stamp collector.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Several people saw Mr Chikatilo walking along with the boy and were later able to give police a description of the murderer.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Ptashnikov's body was found three days later.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

At the scene of the body's discovery, there was a footprint left by the murderer and semen stains were found on the victim's clothing.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[12] On May 25, Chikatilo invited Tatjana Petrosjan, a 31-year-old woman, and Svetlana, her 11-year-old daughter, for a trip to the forest near Shakhty.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Tatjana had known Cchikatilo for many years.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Chikatilo tried to have sex with the woman but failed to get an erection, and the woman mocked his impotence.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo became unblindly enraged and stabbed the woman to death.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Subsequently, Chikatilo chased down Svetlana and murdered her with a hammer.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[13] In July, Chikatilo murdered two young women and a 13-year-old boy.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[14] On August 2, Czechatilo murdered 16-year-old Natalia Golosovskaya in the Pilots' Park, Rostov.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

On August 7, he murdered a 17-year-old girl Lyudmila Alekseyeva along the Don River before she left for the Uzbek capital Tashkent for a business trip.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In Tashkent, Chikatilo murdered a 12-year-old girl and a young woman.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

On August 28, Czekatilo murdered an 11-year-old boy Aleksandr Chepel in Rostov along the Don River near the scene of Alekseyeva's murder.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

On September 6, Chikatilo murdered 24-year-old librarian Irina Luchinskaya in the Pilots' Park, Rostov.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[15] The first arrest and jail sentence in the vicinity of the Rostov bus station was met wandering suspiciously by a male person who tried to enter speeches with young women and children.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The man was Andrei Cchikatilo, who was arrested.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The police had reason to suspect Czechatila of being a murderer, but the official reason for his arrest was the subject of a crime report: while acting as a product presenter, he had stolen goods from his workplace.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Czechatila was suspected in the killings, but there was no binding evidence.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He was sentenced for theft to a year in prison, but was released as early as December 1984 after serving three months of his sentence.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Chikatilo was still on the suspect list, but based on semen stains found on the victims, the blood type of the presumed murderer had been determined to be of a different type than that of Chikatilo.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Later, it has been assumed that Chikatilo belonged to a rare type of human whose blood type differs from that determined by body secretions.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

However, this was never demonstrated during Cchikatilo's lifetime, and it has also been suspected Soviet police had mixed up the samples.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] No solution to this has yet been found.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Starting the search, Chikatilo found a new job in Novocherkassk and remained aloof.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He next murdered a young woman, Natalia Pohlistova, near Domodedovo airport in Moscow, in August 1985, while on a business trip.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He struck again in August, murdering 18-year-old Irina Guljajeva in a forest near Shahty bus station.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In May 1987, Tchikatilo murdered 13-year-old Oleg Makenerkov during a business trip in Revda.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo murdered two more victims during his commute that same year: 12-year-old Ivan Bilovetsky in Zaporizhja in July and 16-year-old Yuri Terešonok in Leningrad in September.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[16] The investigation began to make progress in the middle stages of 1985 when chief interrogator Issa Kostoyev took the lead in the investigations.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Murders in the area around Rostov were re-taken under closer investigation and known sex offenders began to be questioned.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In December 1985, plainclothes police officers began guarding Rostov railway stations and intensifying searches.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Chikatilo followed the course of investigations into the mass media and kept to himself for two years.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Police officers resorted to tracking down a serial killer now including the consultant help of a psychiatrist, for the first time in Soviet history.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] In 1988, Cchikatilo continued to murder — as far away as possible from the Rostov region.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He killed a woman in Krasny Sulin in April.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In May, Chikatilo murdered 9-year-old Alexei Voronko in a forest near the town of Ilovaisk, Ukraine.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[17] In July, Chikatilo murdered 15-year-old Yevgeny Muratov in a forest near Shahty.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[18] In March 1989, he lured a young woman to accompany him to his daughter's apartment in Shahty.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo murdered a woman, mutilated her and hid the pieces in a drain.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Between May and August, Chikatilo murdered four other victims in Rostov and Shahty.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[19] In January 1990, he lured 11-year-old Andrei Kravchenko to accompany him from the movies and murdered him in Shakhty.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

On March 7, Chikatilo lured 10-year-old Yaroslav Makarov with him from the Rostov railway station and murdered him in the Rostov Botanical Garden.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The boy's mutilated body was found the next day.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[20] In April, Cchikatilo murdered a 31-year-old woman in a forest near Lešoz station.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[21] On 28 July, Chikatilo lured 13-year-old Viktor Petrov with him from the Rostov railway station and murdered him in the Rostov Botanical Garden near the scene of Makarov's murder.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[22] On August 14, he murdered 11-year-old Ivan Fomin on a beach in the city of Novocherkassk.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[23] On 17 October, Chikatilo lured a 16-year-old mentally disabled boy Vadim Gromov off a train and murdered him in a forest near Shahty.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[24] On 30 October, Chikatilo lured 16-year-old Viktor Tyshchenko with him from the Shakhty train station and murdered him in a nearby forest.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[25] The discovery of the bodies led to large-scale police operations, and a major occupation was imposed on all major bus and railway stations in the Rostov region.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Mobile police were ordered to question every single person who is remotely suspicious.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

A conscious effort was made to steer the murderer away from large stations to smaller ones manned by plainclothes police officers.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Small stations, especially those in the vicinity of which bodies had been found, had many female police officers and agents as decoys.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Breakthrough miniature|The house where Cchikatilo lived his last years before his arrest.6.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

On November 1990, Chikatilo brutally murdered and mutilated a young woman, Svetlana Korostik.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

When Cchikatilo left the scene of the murder, he was under surveillance.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

A plainclothes police officer who was on patrol at Lešoz train station saw a suspicious man walking into the station from a nearby forest.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The patrol police said the man was suspicious already because he moved around in the woods at all — all the murders had occurred in the forests and the bodies had also been found in them.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The man walked to a nearby well and cleaned his shoes and jacket of blood.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] The man did not look like a wanderer who would sail in the forest only for his own amusement, for he was dressed rather in everyday clothes.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The man carried with him a sports bag that didn't match up with anything that the man would have been, for example, collecting mushrooms.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

As the man came closer, the patrol police noticed his clothes were very dirty and his face bloodied.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The patrol police stopped him and asked him to show ID.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The man was Andrei Cchikatilo.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] The police had no reason to arrest Czechatila or suspect this of anything, but he recorded this information down nonetheless.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] It later emerged that at the time of the meeting, Mr Chikatilo was carrying in his bag the cut off breasts of Svetlana Korostik, who had just murdered.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Later, police found two bodies in the same forest at a distance of one hundred meters from each other.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

It turned out that one of the two victims had been murdered around the same time as a patrol police officer saw Cchikatilo walking away from the woods.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Czechatila was once again suspected of infanticide.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The last time he had been suspected of a similar crime was back in 1978, after the first murder.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Eyewitness descriptions of the strange man, who had been seen in the company of a girl later found murdered, matched Cchikatilo.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] New arrest and confession Despite the events, the police still did not have sufficient evidence to warrant the arrest of Cchikatilo.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

However, he began to be monitored around the clock, and police officers scrambled him.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] On November 20, 1990, Chikatilo was seen leaving his home carrying four litres of beer.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He wandered around town offering beer to oncoming youngsters and tried to lure these with him.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Finally, Chikatilo deviated to a small cafe and bought a smaller beer bottle that would have an easier time attracting children.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The cops had been following him, and the mere hours of wandering around with a big bottle of beer (at that time in Russia, buying beer for your own bottle was easier than buying more smaller bottles of beer) was suspicious enough.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

As Cchikatilo stepped out of the cafe, he was arrested.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] With Cchikatilo in custody, police officers received more evidence against him.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

One of his last victims had been 16-year-old son Viktor Tyshchenko, who was physically very powerful.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

There were traces of a struggle at the scene of the murder, and there was a foul looking wound on Cchikatilo's finger.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

A medical examination revealed that the finger had been broken and the wound came from a bite of a person, specifically a child.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo had not sought medical attention.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

This was seen as a very strong indication of Cchikatilo's guilt.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Czechatila was questioned by the police and tried to squeeze the confession by saying that he was a very sick man and telling him that he could avoid conviction by confessing and pleading insanity.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Eventually the traditional method of interrogation was abandoned, and criminal psychiatrist Aleksandr Buhanovsky from Moscow was invited to attend.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Buhanovsky was sympathetic to Czechatilo and spent all day in his company from early morning to late night.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

After a few hours of conversation, Cchikatilo began to confess his actions to Buhanovsky.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] However, mere confession was not sufficient grounds for incarceration; much stronger and more binding evidence was needed.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo agreed to cooperate and told me everything.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He confessed to a total of 56 murders, which shocked police.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Only 36 murders were listed as being committed by the same murderer — the others had been linked to other cases because they were either far from the usual victim-hunting grounds of Chikatilo or the bodies had been buried aside and had not been found.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

A solid display was only obtained after Chikatilo led the police to the graves.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

When Cchikatilo was asked his reasons for the murder, he replied that he enjoyed the wailing, blood and pain of his victims.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Capture Chikatilo's capture required special precautionary measures.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

In the Russian underworld, brutal murderers, and sexual murderers in particular, were the lowest caste and were often assaulted or killed by fellow prisoners.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Particularly difficult to arrange precautions was because relatives of several of Cchikatilo's victims worked in the prison to which he had been assigned.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo was in danger of death even before the trial.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] In his cell, Cchikatilo was under 24-hour camera surveillance.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Although he often behaved strangely towards his interrogators, in the cell his behaviour (he was unaware of camera surveillance) became completely normal.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

She slept and ate well and even gymnastic every morning.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He also avidly read books and magazines and spent much time writing letters: He sent complaints to his family, government officials and the media.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Writing was Chikatilo's passion until the end of his life.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

As a teacher, he wrote a lot of articles for local newspapers.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

His writings often dealt with ethnology and morality.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Trial and execution The trial of Chikatilo began on April 14, 1992.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Despite strange and disturbing behavior in the courtroom, he was found to be able to answer for his actions in court.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

A large, white-painted steel cage was erected in the courtroom to ensure his safety.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The whole trial was chaotic: relatives of the victims shouted and raged, cursed Czechatila and tried to gain access to him.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

They demanded to get Cchikatilo into their own hands and tear him apart, just as he had done to their relatives.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] As the judge listed victims' names, relatives fainted.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The situation threatened many times to get out of control.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] The trial ended in July, and the declaration of the verdict was postponed until October 15.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Cchikatilo was found guilty of 53 murders to 52.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

When he was allowed to make his statement, he gave a mixed speech, blaming the state, Josif Stalin, political leaders, for his difficult childhood, his impotence, even his own blood type.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] He slandered justice, threw his bench around the cage and spat at the guards.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He even put his pants down and revealed his genitals while screaming that he was a man whose manliness has been stolen.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He also blamed the famine of the 1930s.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

It was noteworthy, however, that Chikatilo had been born in 1936, three years after the end of the hunger years 1932—1933.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He also declared that he had done society a favour in cleaning away unfit individuals: those who sold sex, people with alcohol addiction, runaway teenagers and sheer “problem cases.”


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Judge Leonid Akubžanov ended the trial by reading the final verdict handed down by the jury: Given the monstrous crimes he committed, this jury has no choice but to give him the only verdict he deserves.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Consequently, I sentence him to death.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

After the verdict was declared, relatives and the crowd of Cchikatilo's victims erupted into rapturous cheers and applause.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Chikatilo was executed in Novocherkassk prison on 14 February 1994 by shooting him behind the right ear in a special soundproof cell.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[1] Prior to the execution of the sentence, Chikatilo requested clemency from President Boris Yeltsin, but the petition was rejected.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He begged his executioner for mercy.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[2] Chikatilo is known to have said after the trial, “Now my brain should be examined piece by piece, so that other people like me would not be born.” [1] Viktor Burakov, the detective and militia colonel who led to the capture of Chikatilo, has said of Czechatilo: “He was a very sick man, who acted against his own will.” [1] Chikatilo ate porridge and a small piece of meat on his last meal.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[26] [27] His last words are reported to have been: “Don't shoot me in the brain!


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

The Japanese want to buy them!” [3] [28] Chikatilo is known to have said: “What I did was not do it for sexual gratification.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

More like I did it because it brought me peace of mind.” [3] He often started talking to his victims at railway and bus stations, offering them alcohol, drugs or money, or, when the child victims were concerned, toys or sweets and thus lured them with him.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He often lured his victims into nearby forests, tied them up with rope and stabbed them for sexual gratification.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Because of this, he has been inferred to have suffered from a paraphilia called piquerism.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[3] He often mutilated his victims, disemboweled them, bit their noses off, and cut off their tongues and genitals.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

While torturing his male victims, he often fantasized that the victims would be his captives, and these acts would make him a hero.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[3] On one occasion he bit the nipple off his young female victim, swallowed it and ejaculated it.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

He also occasionally blocked the mouths of his victims with dirt, for example, to silence them.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

[3] Sources Lourie, Richard: The Devil's Hunt (Gummerus, 1993) A&E Biography: The Butcher Of Rostov—Andrei Chikatilo Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead., (in French), References Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

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Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

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Question: When was Andrei Romanovich Czechatilo executed?

Andrei Cchikatilo

Pictures of Andrei Chikatilo Category:Ukrainian serial killers Category:Ukrainians executed Class:Russian serial killers Category:Russians executed Class:People born in 1936 Class:Those who died in 1994 Class:Cannibals Class:Necrophilies Category:Executed for Murder Category:Key articles of screening Category:Persons convicted of sexual offences


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Christmas is an annual celebration set at the end of December.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

It's an old and common celebration in different parts of the world.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[2] Christians celebrate Christmas to commemorate the birth of Jesus.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[3] In most countries, the character of Santa Claus, Christmas gifts and togetherness are a key part of Christmas.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Christmas celebrations begin in Finland already on Christmas Eve (24 December), but the 25th of December is the actual Christmas Day [4].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The date of Christmas is the date of the winter solstice in the ancient Roman calendar.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[2] The Finnish words Christmas and celebration are Swedish or Scandinavian loanwords.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[5] The word Christmas originally comes from the ancient Germanic name of the celebration of the winter solstice celebrated before Christianity.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[6] Christmas is united by the Christian feast, the ancient Roman celebration of Saturnalia, and the celebration of the end and middle winter of the European northern peoples of Europe (yule), in Finland the old season celebration kekri [7].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Origin of the name The Finnish word Christmas is not a Christian expression in origin.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

It is a loanword from Scandinavian languages and the same Peru as the Swedish language jul.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The ancient Nordic word for Christmas was jól.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

According to some linguists, it meant translation or reincarnation.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Originally, the word Christmas has meant the pagan feast of midwinter, and with it the same position has already come from the Germanic languages in the past.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Today, however, the word refers to a Christian holiday.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[8] [9] In the English language, the most common word for Christmas is Christmas, which comes from the ancient English words Cristes Maesse, meaning “Mass of Christ”.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The word was reportedly first used in 1038.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[10] However, as a less common synonym, the word yule, which is of the same origin as Finnish Christmas, is still in use.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[11] It originally meant a pre-Christian feast whose date ranged from late December to early January due to the lunar cycle.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The word still occurs in some Christmas-related traditions, such as yule log (Finnish christmas halko) or yule goat (Finnish straw pukki).


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

In German, Christmas is Weihnachten, which means holy nights [11].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The Catholic Church uses the Latin denomination of Christmas Dies Natalis Domini [11], which means the birthday of the Lord.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

It derives from the Italian word Natale, Portuguese Natal and Spanish Navidad. [11].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The French word Noël, meaning Christmas, is also possibly of the same origin, although it has also been speculated to derive from the word novel meaning “good news”.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[11] History Many peoples have since the old days celebrated annual feast around the time of the winter solstice.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[12] The winter feast of the ancient Germans is now known by its English designation yule.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Due to the lunar calendar, the place of the yule varied from early December to early January.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

With the spread of Christianity, the yule was merged with Christian Christmas.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[13] [14] Between 17 and 23 December, the ancient Romans celebrated the midwinter feast of Saturnalia.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

On the winter solstice, December 25 was the Day of Sol Invictus, or Invincible Sun.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[2] Jesus' birthday in the Bible the birth of Jesus is told in both the Gospels of Matthew [15] and Luke [16], but neither does it say what time of year it occurred.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

However, on the basis of certain references in the Bible, there have been attempts to draw conclusions on the matter.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Reportedly the first to date Jesus' birth was dated to December 25 by Hippolytos the Roman in the 200th century.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

He assumed that the angel's revelation to Mary had occurred on the vernal equinox, which at that time was 25 March, and that Jesus would have been born nine months later.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[17] Already in the same century, the celebration of his birth began to be celebrated, among others, by the Donatos of North Africa.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[18] The simplest explanation for the time of Christmas is that 25 December is the original date of the winter solstice in the Roman Julian calendar.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[19] It has also been suggested that the feast day was placed at that time because the day of the Invincible Sun (Sol Invictus) had already been celebrated on the same day.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[2] However, according to one theory, the opposite would have been the case: Christians would have celebrated the feast of Jesus' birth even before the Emperor Aurelianus, possibly in return to the Christians, decreed the same day as the Day of the Invincible Sun.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[18] This date had possibly been reached on the grounds that in rabbinic Judaism it was widely believed that the great prophets died on the same day of the year in which they were even born.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Jesus was crucified on the Jewish Passover, according to the Jewish calendar on the 14th day of the Nisan moon, which according to the Julian calendar, however, occurred in different years to be a different day.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

According to different calculations, Jesus would have died either March 25 or April 6, and on that basis he was also believed to have been born from the Holy Spirit on the same day of the year and was born nine months later, hence either 25 December or 6.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

on Jan.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[18] [20] However, the date has been considered unlikely because the Bible states that the region had shepherds in the field when Jesus was born, [21] but in the Judean mountain region no cattle at that time of year, during winter rains, were usually kept in pasture.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[22] Although there is a mention in Mišna [23] which suggests that sheep intended as sacrificial animals of the temple were kept in the field all year round.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

In Mishna, there are reports of sacrificial sheep in the field 30 days before Easter, that is, in February, when the winter rains were almost at their most abundant.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[24] So if the sheep of which Luke speaks were sheep intended for sacrifice, it is quite possible that the shepherds were in the field herding them on 25 December.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

On the other hand, attempts have also been made to deduce the date of Jesus' birth on the basis of the mention in the Gospel of Luke that Zechariah, father of John the Baptist, was a Levite priest belonging to the Abia department and received revelation of the boy's birth while on duty in the temple.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[25] If it could be known whether priests belonging to the Abian department always performed their duties at a certain time of the year, it could be concluded that John the Baptist would have been born 9 months after his service, and since Jesus was born according to Luke about six months after John After [26] [27], it would have been 15 months from the revelation of Zechariah to the birth of Jesus.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

According to the first chronicle, the annual service shift lasting one week of Abia's department was at least initially assigned to the eighth.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[28] If these service shifts were calculated from the beginning of the Nisan moon and if they were still observed in the late days of the Second Temple, Zacharias would have performed priestly duties in the month of Sivan, early June.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

From this, some biblical scholars have concluded that John the Baptist would have been born nine months later, in March, Jesus still six months later, possibly during or near the feast of leafy.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[22] [29] However, John Chrysostomos claimed in the late 3rd century that Zecharias would have sacrificed the incense offerings mentioned in the Gospel of Luke on the Great Day of Atonement of the Jews (Yom kippur), in late October, and on this basis he claimed December 25 as Jesus's real for a birthday.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

However, it is considered more likely that he sought afterwards to make an argument for the feast day already embraced at the time than that he had objectively sought to establish when Jesus really had been born.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[30] Pope Saint Julius I established December 25 as Jesus' birthday in 345.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[31] The earliest known mention of celebrating Christmas on 25 December is in the Roman calendar drawn up in 354.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Even earlier, Christians had celebrated the feast of Epiphany on 6 January, or the present Epiphany, as the day of the remembrance of Jesus' baptism, which had been believed to have occurred on his 30.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

on his birthday.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[32] After the Protestant Reformation, groups such as Puritans opposed celebrating Christmas.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

In the 17th century, celebrating Christmas was periodically forbidden in England and the Boston Colony in North America.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Charles Dickens's Christmas Story, published in 1843, revived people's waning interest in the celebration.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[33] In the same year, the first printed Christmas card appeared.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

New Year's cards had been printed in the Nordic countries much earlier.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The artwork on the cards was secular.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[34] The first printed children's Christmas calendar was apparently printed in Germany in the early 20th century [35].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The Gregorian calendar in the 16th century Pope Gregory XIII ordered the adoption of an improved, Gregorian calendar jumping from October 15, 1582 to October 25.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

to the day.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[36] Reform first came into use only in the Catholic Church, but later has been introduced elsewhere [37].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

In many Orthodox churches, the date of feast days is still determined by the Julian calendar, although they operate in countries where the Gregorian calendar is otherwise in use.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The difference these days is 13 days.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

For this reason, for example, in Russia, Christmas is January 7, when, according to the Julian calendar, it is December 25.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

However, the Finnish Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas at the same time as the western denominations.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The Coptic Church in Egypt uses its own Coptic calendar and celebrates Christmas accordingly on the 29th day of the koiak moon, which corresponds to December 25 in the Julian and today January 7 according to the Gregorian calendar.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[38] Holidays The actual day of Christmas, or the first day of Christmas, is December 25.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

It is followed on 26 December by Tapani's Day (the second Christmas Day), the day of remembrance of Saint Stefanos.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

These are both official public holidays in most European countries.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Christmas Eve before Christmas Day, 24 December, is officially not a bank holiday, but it, and especially its evening, has practically become the most important holiday of the Christmas period, and today it is also a paid holiday in most workplaces.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[39] Unlike other holidays, public transport stops almost completely in Finland in the afternoon on Christmas Eve [40].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Before 1774, Finland also celebrated the third Christmas Day, namely Apostle John's Day on 27 December, and the fourth Christmas Day, namely Innocent Children's Day 28.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

on Dec.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[41] However, King Gustav III reduced them to two because the nobles and burghers felt that the long saints lazed the salaries too much [42].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The third and fourth days of Christmas have also been referred to as little saints or arch-saints.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[43] The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland decided in 1999 to reclaim Apostle John's Day as a public holiday starting in 2000.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

It is celebrated when it hits Sunday — that was the case for the first time in 2009.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The name of the day is in the new calendars in the form “Day of the Apostle John”.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

It has been referred to as John the Evangelist's Day in the past, because it is traditionally thought that the apostle and the evangelist are the same person.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[44] In a broader sense, the Christmas period has generally been considered to continue until Epiphany.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

In Finnish folklore, Christmas time has often been considered to start from Tumaa Day on 21 December and continue until Nuuti Day on 13 January.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

This is reflected by many rhymes, such as the Good Thomas Christmas pint, the evil Nuutti out of its viepi.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[12] Christmas decorations Today the color of Christmas is red.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Green, gold, white and silver are also combined with Christmas.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Common Christmas decorations in Finland include spruce branches, Christmas tree, Christmas cans, straw dresses, apples, candles, Christmas tablecloths, Christmas flowers, outdoor flares, ice lanterns and lanterns.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[14] Christmas music Christmas songs are performed or listened to at Christmas time.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Apart from them, Christmas music includes, for example, many works of art music such as J. S. Bach's Christmas Oratorio and Pyotr Tchaikovsky's Ballet The Nutcracker.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[45] Celebration in Finland is associated with rich Christmas food, self-made Christmas decorations and Christmas sauna associated with the external ideals of Finnish Christmas.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[33] In Finland, Christmas has been associated with the features of the harvest festival, kekri, which dates around the Old All Saints' Day.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

In Swedes and Finns, Santa Claus (nout claus) was a man who dressed as a character of the fertility rite, Santa Claus.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

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He put Santa horns on his head to change, according to the Shamanist tradition, to something like Santa.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

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The outfit also included a mask made of brose and a sheepskin fur coat turned inside out.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[46] Feeding little birds at Christmas is an old custom and belongs to the farming magic of peasant culture.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The point of Christmas barley or oats was to make the birds leave the grain alone in the summer.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[34] The Ancient Finns possibly thought that the dead, or soul birds, were involved with the living in the midwinter feast.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

It may also have been accompanied by the belief that birds bring happiness to the house.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[47] In Sweden, the Church opposed the custom and it was also disappearing in Finland until some magazines and charities revived it.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[34] In order to save nature, some may choose a tree in the yard or nearby forest instead of acquiring a Christmas tree and decorate it for winter animals.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

On the branches hang sebaceous balls.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[48] Traditional Christmas decorations include a dimmer and a straw dress.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

[49] [50] decorations made of straw come from kekri, the feast of the harvest [51].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Christmas calendars came to Finland after World War II [35].


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

Before handing out gifts, one often visits the cemetery to light candles for pedigrees.


Question: Where has the tradition of Christmas ham originated?

Christmas

The custom began in Finland in the 20th century and became common after the Winter War with hero tombs and soon others.