Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The course of the match is supervised in the ring itself by the ring judge, who is tasked with observing that fighters use only means according to the rules, and outside the ring by the point judges.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Hitting below the waist is forbidden, so is holding, if this happens, the referee will distinguish between the fighters.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Repeated hanging on an opponent causes points loss and ultimately disqualification.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In addition to disqualification, or disqualification, the match can be won by hit points.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Point Win (P.V.)


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

additionally, by the interruption of the ring judge (RSC) when the opponent is superior, and (RSCH); i.e., in the case of blows to the head causing a defenseless state in the boxer and the boxer is unable to continue the fight and the opponent is superior, with assistant handoff (AB), knockout (KO) and forfeit without a match (WO aka walk over).


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In tournaments, a match can also be won if the boxer is overweight at the weigh-in, has fallen ill before the fight, or the doctor forbids the fight, citing the competitor's health reasons.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In this case, another contestant wins with a WO verdict


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The match can also end in a disque (DISQ, engl.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

disqualification) if the boxer receives three warnings (for example for pushing, tying, and punching in the neck or under the belt).


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The other boxer scores two points for one opponent's caution.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The bout also ends in a treble if the boxer cannot continue the bout from a blow to the neck or under the belt.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

However, the referee's most important job is to guarantee the safety of the fighters.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[7] Knockouts are quite rare in amateur boxing, as uneven matches are usually interrupted by the umpire before anything can happen.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[7] The assistant can also make a handover by throwing the towel in the ring in the middle of the match after finding that the opponent is far superior to his protégé.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In any case, the safety of boxers is carefully taken care of by special rules.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The art of dodging also increases safety, with side evasions, U-evasive, backhand evasion, drop-evasion and rear evasion already taught in the rudiments of clubs' boxing schools.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Also, picking up blows with the forearm, knife handles for side hooks, and head-directed blows to the palm increase immunity and thus safety of the species.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Matchmakers must have, among other things, a valid medical certificate, license insurance and a competition book.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Under the rules, tooth protectors, hand bandages and head protection (only for women) are also mandatory and tangibly increase the safety of matchmakers.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In tournaments, the doctor checks the condition of the boxers before each fight.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Sometimes amateur boxing is referred to as Olympic style boxing, as the name amateur boxing is considered misleading — an amateur boxer also has to train professionally to reach the top.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[7] Amateur boxing weight classes From 1984 to 2000, Olympic boxing had as many as 12 weight classes [7], but coming to the Athens 2004 Games, the 67 (welterweight) and 71 kg (light middleweight) weight classes were replaced by a single 69 kg set.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[7] Men's current AIBA weight classes: light flyweight49 kgfly series52 kgdwarf series56 kglightweight welterweight64 kgwelterweight69 kgkesweight75 kgraskas middle81 kgraskassarja 91 kgsuper heavy series over 91 kg Women's current AIBA weight classes: light flyweight 45-48 kgflyweight 51 kgdwarfning54 kghöyhensarja57 kglight welterweight64 kgwelterweight69 kgwelterweight69 kgkeskweight75 kgraskas middleweight81 kgraskasseriesover 81 kg Professional boxing Today professionals can participate in the Olympic Games.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Although professional boxing is very similar in its basic rules to the amateur form, it is very different in nature.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In professional boxing, strength is valued and knockouts are common.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The pros fight without a shirt [8] and the mitts are tougher.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] Inside professional boxing gloves are fists tied with tape.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] In professional boxing, rounds last from 2 [9] to 3 [10] minutes.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The matches are significantly longer than amateur fights and can last up to 12 rounds.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] The referee may suspend a match if it appears that one of the fighters is incapable of continuing or otherwise in full soul power.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] The match may also be interrupted due to the fair superiority of the other opponent.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In this case, the opponent is declared the winner by technical knockout (engl.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

TKO = technical knockout).


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

A technical knockout will also follow if the fighter receives a wound and the doctor does not give him permission to continue the bout.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] The match may also be decided by a handoff, usually announced by a towel thrown into the ring by the assistants.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] A match can also end in a discord if the matchmaker matches in violation of the rules.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] If the match ends before the fourth round due to an accidental injury (e.g. heads colliding with one unintentionally), the result of the match will be nullified [1] (i.e. no conviction).


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

If four rounds have been completed, the winner will be declared by judging votes.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] If a professional fight does not end in knockout (engl.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

KO = knockout) or for disqualification (disqualification, abbreviation DQ), judges' score cards are introduced.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In professional matches, three judges award points so that the judges award 10 points to the winner of each set and 9 to the loser, so that points are deducted for taking against the rules and impermanence on their feet.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

If the judge thinks the round ends tied, the score is 10-10.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The big difference from the amateur score is that if a round takes place, the matchmaker who completed the punch wins the round 10—8 if they have otherwise dominated the events.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] Consequently, the point count in professional rules clearly favours the match method that seeks knockout, as opposed to amateur rules.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Upon completion of the match, all points are added up.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

If all judges think the same matchmaker is the winner, the decision is unanimous [1] (engl.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

unanimous decision, or more simply points decision).


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

A match can also be decided by majority decision if two judges agree against one (engl.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

split decision, i.e., diffuse sound).


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

If, for example, in the first judge's cards, the matchmaker A and the second judge's cards are the winner, and on the third judge's cards the points are tied, the match ends undecided (engl.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

draw, meaning a draw).


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

A match is also undecided if the two judges' cards go tied, regardless of what the third umpire has meant.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Professional boxers use only the dental and lower guard as shields.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] In lower sets, fighters wear boxing gloves weighing eight ounces.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] The upper sets use 10-ounce gloves.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] Boxing is based as a sport on physics, tactics and intellect.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] In boxing, the fighters are bulkier than they used to be.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] In the 1970s, the boxer at 190 cm tall and weighing 100 kg was a giant.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] Because bulkier boxers strike harder than smaller ones, weight classes have been developed for boxing.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] The increase in the size of boxers means that fights will see even more one-stroke knockouts.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] Nowadays, even the slightest mistake in a match can be fatal to the fighter.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] This season heavyweight boxers rarely engage in a direct exchange of punches when compared to lower-sized boxers.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] This also leads to a slowdown in the match tempo.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] In the lower weight classes, matches are more fast-paced than in the upper ones.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] The boxers of the old days, when smaller in size, could maintain a harder pace than today's big men.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] Boxing has also changed in the direction of the power sport.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[11] The weight classes of professional boxing As well as the WBA, WBC, IBF and WBO use the same weight class system, although the English designations used for a few classes differ.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Each weight class has its own world title, and the same boxer is no longer allowed to hold more than one weight class title at a time nowadays.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Boxing Ring The dimensions of the boxing ring are 6x6 meters.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] Of the boxers, one fights for the red corner and the other from the blue.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] Other corners are so-called unbiased angles to which the ring judge may command the fighter for the duration of, for example, a chapter count.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] The coach and other boxer's assistants may not advise a boxer in a neutral corner.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

[1] Boxing Injuries Especially typical features of professional boxing are to have the hardest possible force for the blow to be performed.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Incorrect batting technique can cause serious injuries to various bones of the hand.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In modern times, most coaches do not let boxers train and spar without bandages wrapped in the palm (protecting the palm bones) and mittens.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In the last decades of the 20th century, professional boxing lost popularity.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Black eyes and bruises began to cause concern about permanent eye and brain injuries.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Medical examinations and observing matches became an important part of modern-day boxing at both amateur and professional levels.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In the 1980s, a head shield was introduced on the amateur side to protect against cuts and bruises, but it is not considered to protect the head and, by extension, the brain from very strong shocks.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Frequent strokes are applied to the chin, which is usually not even covered by the helmet.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

At one time matches for professionals lasted fifteen rounds, and even in the early part of the 20th century, even matches over forty rounds were not quite ordinary.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In 1982, following the death of Korean Kim Duk-Koo from a brain injury caused by a match against Ray Mancini, a change came to the matter.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In 1988, rounds for professional matches were enacted to be capped at 12 rounds, with a minute batch break length of one and a half minutes.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The impact resistance of a boxer The impact resistance of a boxer is influenced by e.g.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

the following factors: The amount of fluid inside the head (around the brain).


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

If there is a lot of fluid, this contributes to the impact on the brain of the impact on the head.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The greater amount of fluid dampens the impact of the brain with the bones of the skull.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The shape and musculature of the neck and neck.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The head of a short-necked and thick-necked guy doesn't swing very much.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In this case, the brain will keep up better without goofing.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Concentration and seeing blows.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

If the boxer has time to see the blow coming towards him, he tenses his muscles and the nervous system has time to prepare for receiving it.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Terminology of Boxing Styles In boxing, the boxing styles of two different boxers are not completely identical to each other.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Boxing style is an important part of tactics.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The terms below are the most common styles of boxing by which boxers are broken down.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Remarkably, a boxer can vary his boxing style in different bouts.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Bernard Hopkins serves as a good example of this.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Boxer/out fighter The classic boxer is also known as an “out fighter”.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

In this style, it is important to maintain a certain distance to the opponent.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

This style utilizes its own dimension, as well as the jab, that is, straight the front hand and gradually tires the opponent.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

With this style of fight, the opponent is often defeated by judging votes after full rounds although some boxers such as Lennox Lewis win many of their fights by knockout.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

With this match style it is moderately easy to control the tempo of a match.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The Boxer/Puncher Puncher utilizes the speed of his hands in his matches, as well as the power of impact.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The matchmaker will strike high-speed strikes at the opponent from close range and, in some cases, knock the opponent out with a single hard strike.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Sometimes matches end in a point win, but more often than not they come by knockout.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Brawler/slugger Brawlers are fighters who often don't move around the ring much.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

They have a lot of strike power.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The style also involves holding an opponent far away with a forehand, followed by striking with a backhand.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

For those using this style, difficult opponents include counter-strikers who might dodge a hard blow, and knock back a quick hook.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Swarmers Close fighters often seek to stay close to the opponent by hitting quick hook sets, as well as surprising hard punches.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

A good close-up fighter often has good impact resistance, as an opponent who hits farther will have time to hit a lot of his jab before the other gets close.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The close-up fighter is usually short.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Often, close fighters will also be able to fight from a distance when needed.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Influence of boxing styles on a match Usually out fighters have an advantage over boxers, boxers over punchers, and punchers have an advantage over brawlers.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Naturally, many other factors such as the skill levels of the matchmakers greatly affect the outcome of matches.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

The term “styles makes fights” is used for the phenomenon.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Punchers usually beat swarmers or in-fighters.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

A famous example of the influence of style on the course of a match is George Foreman vs Joe Frazier.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Although Swarmers often do well against slow hitters, their easiest opponent is still an out fighter or boxer.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Swarmers tend to reach moderately easily onto the opponent's skin when caught, where punchers are not at their best due to the small spacing between the fighters.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

For example, Joe Frazier (swarmer) got Muhammad Ali (out fighter) in foul trouble in all of their matches.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

George Foreman (Puncher) defeated Frazier overwhelmingly, but lost to Al.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

See also Boxers List of the reigning world champions of professional boxing Fitness boxing Finnish Boxing Museum Sources On topic elsewhere.......


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Extensive Finnish language professional boxing themed site.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Finnish language another boxing website. Evening Messages 2.2.2009.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

Kuokkanen, Martti:.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

so & thus 4/1995, 27—31.


Question: What is the USA's most common martial art?

Boxing

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Epilepsy (formerly a frequent, nowadays only rarely fall disease) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent, unpredictable unconsciousness-convulsive seizures or blurred seizures of consciousness.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

An epileptic seizure is a transient disorder of brain function caused by abnormal, discharge-like electrocerebral activity that may spread in the worst case to the entire brain region.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is also found in animals.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

According to the International Health Organization WHO, epilepsy is one of the most important serious brain diseases and accounts for about one percent of the global disease burden of diseases.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

In Finland, about one per cent of the total population, or about 56,000, [1] of which children around 4000 to 5000 [2] suffer from epilepsy.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

The National Epilepsy Association, which advocates the interests of epilepsy patients and their family, has been operating in Finland since 1969.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

The discipline that studies epilepsy is epileptology.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Classification Epilepsy can be classified by the causative agent of the disease by symptoms according to the location of the seizure causative agents in the brain, according to the situations that cause the syndrome (for example, myoclonusepilepsy).


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Causes A disturbance in the electrical function of nerve cells in the brain can be caused by damage to cells or, for example, genetic brain cell dysfunction.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Damage to brain cells may have occurred, for example, during the fetal period or during childbirth.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Brain cells may have developed or arranged anomalously to each other in a particular area of the brain.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Recently, there have been indications that epilepsy may be caused by inflammatory processes running in the brain [3].


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Epilepsy can also be the result of a strong blow to the head, often leading to unconsciousness.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Brain tumors, cerebrovascular changes, cerebrovascular disorders, hydrocephaly or metabolic disorders can also be the cause of epilepsy.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

There are indications that epilepsy would be linked to autism spectrum genotypes.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is more common in autistic people [4] and there are clearly more symptoms indicative of Asperger's and Kanner syndrome in people with epilepsy [5].


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Symptoms Epileptic seizure lasts from seconds to several minutes.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Seizures are most often manifested as stops of operations or decreases in functional capacity for a few seconds.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

In more severe cases, symptoms include falling over, cramping the entire body and limbs for minutes or screeching.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Often foam is also excreted from the mouth.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Sometimes a person with epilepsy can hurt himself during a seizure, for example, when he falls unexpectedly.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[6] In some cases, a person with epilepsy is able to predict what will happen a few seconds or earlier before the seizure, by feeling the so-called aura (for example, the eyes do not obey, various light phenomena are visible when the eyes are closed, etc.).


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

In the event of an epileptic seizure, the seizure must not be prevented.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

The head of the seizure needs to be protected.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

The risk of becoming disabled or dying begins to increase once the seizure has lasted more than 30 minutes.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Prolonged epileptic seizure, or status epilepticus, is a life-threatening condition.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

The risk of its development increases with an epileptic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

It is estimated that approximately 30% to 60% of those who undergo status epilepticus are already previously diagnosed epileptics.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

On average, 20 percent of patients with status epilepticus die within a month of ending a seizure.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Mortality rates vary significantly between different age groups, and many people who succumbed to status epilepticus have experienced different aftersymptoms later on.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Status epilepticus may also manifest as absence seizures lasting from a few hours to days.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[7] Symptom Triggers The symptom trigger factor varies from individual to individual.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

A sickness scene can be triggered by various flickering lights or graphic effects displayed on a computer screen.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

In Japan, the graphic effect featured in the Pokémon cartoon series in the Porygon episode caused 685 children to simultaneously have an epileptic seizure.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Everyone was called an ambulance but only 150 were taken to hospital.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

The others recovered during the ambulance trip.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Two of the children had to spend two weeks in hospital.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

After this, Pokémon was on hiatus for four months in Japan.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[8] Epileptic seizures are also possible in people who do not develop epilepsy.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

In this case, they may be caused by, for example, prolonged supervision, stress, some medications or heavy alcohol consumption.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Treatment Symptoms can be treated with medications and occasionally with the help of surgery or a ketogenic special diet.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

The vast majority are treated with medicines seizure free.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

For around a fifth of sufferers, the drugs are not helpful, but some of them too can be helped by surgery in which the area of the brain that causes seizures is removed.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

There are indications that antiepileptic drugs double the risk of suicide.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[9] The ketogenic, or low-carbohydrate diet, was developed as early as the 1920s but subsequently remained at the feet of new antiepileptic drugs.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

However, as a form of treatment, it has achieved excellent results to the present day: 10-15% of children switched to a diet completely stopped seizures in the first year, 30% had a 90% reduction in seizures.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[10] The ketogenic diet has also been found to help when medicines have not helped at all.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[11] Depending on symptoms, medicinal products such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproate, pregabalin, lamotrigine, gabapentin, tiagabine, topiramate, levetiracetam, phenytoin, clonazepam, clobazam, sodium provalate [12] [13] [ 14].


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Electronics are also used in the treatment of severe epilepsy.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

A so-called vagus stimulator implantable in the body has been developed to smooth the electrical balance in the brain, which instantaneously sends electrical impulses to the vagus nerve.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[13] History Epilepsy was still classified as a psychiatric illness in the 1950s [15], when people with epilepsy might even be confined to an institution.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

In the 1950s, therapists claimed to have cured epilepsy patients through psychoanalysis [16] .In Finland, epilepsy not due to an external cause was still an obstacle to marriage in the 1960s, but the President of the Republic could give an epileptic waiver to enter into marriage.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[17] [18] In Sweden, people with epilepsy could only marry if they agreed to be sterilized.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[19] Change After a single epileptic seizure, a three-month driving ban is imposed if, based on the studies carried out, no need for medication is seen and the seizure cannot be assessed to have been secondary to brain disease or injury.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

As with epilepsy, as with other stable brain diseases (e.g. cerebral infarction or contusion scar), the prohibition is 12 months, and after a progressive brain disease is found, the ban is longer at the discretion of the doctor.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Known epileptics Famous individuals for example Paul [20] have been suspected to have developed epilepsy.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

Fyodor Dostoevsky had epilepsy, and addresses the subject in most of his best-known novels.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[21] Animal epilepsy Epilepsy also occurs in animals.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

In dogs, it is the most common nervous problem and is present in about 1% of dogs on average, but the proportion varies by breed and lineage, and among other things it is more commonly found in the swamp ear.


Question: Is epilepsy heritable?

Epilepsy

[22] Sources on the topic elsewhere (Internet Archive) * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

District heating is the most common form of heating buildings in Finland.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Heat is supplied to district heating customers by means of hot water circulating in the district heating network.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The customer can use district heating to heat the premises and hot water, as well as for other heating needs.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

District heating is especially a form of heating in cities and built-up areas.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

District heating has evolved over the last few decades and therefore remains competitive and often chosen by customers as a heating mode.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[1] District heating is produced in power plants optimized for cogeneration of electricity and heat.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

One of the challenges of district heating is how heat will be produced in the network when energy use of coal is abandoned in Finland by 2030.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[2] According to Wärtsilä, wind power will be used in the future for district heating production using heat pump technology.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[3] The principle of operation of customer equipment Customers accept district heat in a heat distribution center with a heat exchanger.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The exchanger transfers heat from the district heating network through the customer's heat distribution network to heat distribution devices in buildings, such as radiators, underfloor heating network or ventilation, and hot hot water supply.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In the customer's building and heat distribution equipment circulates hot hot water, which is separate from district heating water which is stained in the exchanger.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

For the customer's heat distribution center, the exchanger package includes heat exchangers for heating and hot water, as well as possible ventilation exchanger, control equipment, pumps, expansion and reserve equipment, heat and pressure gauges and shut-off valves.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Heat distribution centers are prefabricated entities.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The heat distribution center is usually installed in a separate technical equipment space.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The space requirement for the equipment is small, since there is no need for boilers, accumulators or fuel storage facilities.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

District heating network Heat is transferred to customers as hot water in a closed two-pipe district heating network.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The hot water is piped to the property's heat distribution center, where it gives off heat via an exchanger to the customers' heating grid and the preparation of hot hot water.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Houses use heat to heat rooms and hot water, as well as ventilation.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The water from the district heating network returns cooled in the return line back to the production plant to be re-heated.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

District heating water does not circulate in the heating network of houses.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The temperature of district heating water entering the building varies from 115 °C in the harshest frosts to around 65 °C in the summer time.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The temperature of water returning from customers to production plants varies between 25 and 50 degrees.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Building heating equipment works well when the temperature of the water returning to the district heating network is below 45 ºC.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In the heating season, a good cooling level is 40-60˚C.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

District heating water has been treated to remove mechanical impurities and oxygen and prevent corrosion inside the tube.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Often the water is also stained to locate any leaks or damage.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The dye that turns water greenish is not hazardous to health or the environment.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The district heating water is coloured greenish-yellow with a dye for marking waters called Pyran.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Water coloring makes it easier to locate leaks and separate district heating water from household water.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Pyranin is a pyrenesulfonic acid dye that meets, among other things, the purity requirements of the Cosmetics Regulation.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

However, it must be stored separately from food and stimulants.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In case of breakage of the hot water transporter, green district heating water may mix with household water.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Does not recommend discoloured water for cooking or otherwise ingesting internally.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

However, skin contact does not cause any harm, so hand washing, watering flowers and other normal water use can also be performed during transporter breakdown [4] The security of district heat supply is almost 100%: on average, the customer's heat supply is interrupted for 1-2 hours a year.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

District heating networks are most often looped, allowing, for example, in failure situations, customers to receive heat from more than one input direction.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[5] District heat production District heating can be produced in a number of different ways and the form of production or energy source can be changed if necessary.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

However, district heating is produced almost entirely by fuels that generate steam power, fossil (such as natural gas and coal) or others (such as forest chips and peat).


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Those fuels emit a significant amount of CO2 emissions.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

District heating produces about half of Helsinki's total carbon dioxide emissions.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[6] In the future, a strong increase in surplus heat from various renewable energy sources and industrial and urban surplus is anticipated.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The use of renewable fuels has increased and CO2 emissions have therefore decreased.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Between 70% and 75% of district heating annually is produced in the form of combined heat and electricity.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In cogeneration of heat and electricity, both heat and electricity are produced in the same process.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

This is very efficient because in this case the wasted energy generated in condensate production of electricity can be utilised.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Cogeneration is almost twice as efficient as compared to separate production of electricity and heat.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Cogeneration is efficient, as the energy of the fuel is utilized almost 90%.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[7] District heating is also produced in separate heat centres.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

They also use renewable fuels to an increasing extent.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In larger units, for example, burning wood is more efficient than in very small units.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

More energy is used from the same fuel and less wasted.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Cleaning flue gases from emissions and fine particulate matter is also more economical in larger units than in numerous small ones.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Finland has district heating networks where energy is produced entirely by renewable energy sources.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[8] The price of district heating in Finland has a generally used pricing system that is divided into: from subscription fee to power charge to energy charge The regulatory control of district heating is based mainly on competition law in Finland.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In addition, the position of consumer customers is safeguarded by the Consumer Protection Act.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

According to the Competition Bureau, the district heating company is dominant in terms of customers connected to district heating.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In addition, pricing is regulated by energy taxation.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The effects of emissions must also be taken into account.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The Energy Industry Association collects data from domestic district heating companies on the prices of district heating in three different sizes of new residential buildings twice a year.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[9] History of district heating in built-up areas identified as the current form of district heating has been carried out since about the 1820s.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The first installations emerged in the U.S. shortly after the invention of steel pipe manufacturing methods.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In the late 19th century, steam heat made it possible to build skyscrapers as they are now known in the U.S.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In Germany, district heating was started in 1893 and in other parts of Europe in the following decades.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In the Nordic countries, the spread of district heating was promoted after World War II by the idea of high-end suburban construction.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[10] Finland's first district heating plant based on a basic solution like the current water cycle was commissioned in Tapiola, Espoo, in 1953 and its first customer was connected to the heating network in the same year.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[11] Helsinki was also able to launch district heating distribution around the same time as the first customer was connected to the network in 1953.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

However, the first district heating power station in Helsinki differed from the current basic water-circulating solution in that the heat was delivered to the customer as steam.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In Helsinki, the first power plant to produce water district heating was Salmisaari A and the first customer connected to the network in 1957 was Ravinakoulu Perho, whose building was conveniently completed along the pipeline route the same year.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[12] District heating in different countries Today district heating activities are carried out in different parts of the world: Western and Eastern Europe, North America and Asian countries in Japan, Korea, China and Mongolia.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In Europe, about 10% of heat generation needs are realized by district heating, in North America about 4%.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

The largest producing country of district heating is Russia, which produces an estimated 1700000—2400000 GWh of district heating annually.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In the EU, district heating has a market share of 13% of heating residential and service buildings.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[13] District heating in Finland Approximately 2.7 million Finns live in district heating houses.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In Finland, the market share of district heating in buildings is approximately 46%.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Of private houses heated by district heating, there is a generous 7% of heating energy.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

In major cities, district heating has a market share of more than 90%.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[14] In new construction, district heating is also strong: more than 95% of new apartment buildings are connected to district heating, 75% of service buildings.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Of new small houses, 14% choose district heating as their heating form.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[15] Power plants and stationary heat centres District heating is a decentralized, regional operation.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Member companies of the Energy Industry ry: 165 municipalities and cities 109 power plants 735 solid heat centres 375 mobile heat centres International recognition Finnish district heating and cooling expertise has also gained international recognition, including competitions: Global District Energry Climate Award [16] and 1st International DHC+ Student Awards [17].


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

According to Wärtsilä and Pöyry, it is worth generating district heating from electricity with heat pumps.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

[18] District cooling The latest way to make better use of primary energy is district cooling.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

This uses heat that would otherwise be wasted with wastewater (heat pump) or other surplus energy, for example from nuclear power plants (by absorption cooling), or natural cold storage (free cooling in winter from the sea) can be used.


Question: When did the concept of eco-construction arise?

District heating

Sources on the topic elsewhere ISBN: 978-951-588-507-4 (pdf) Category:Building heating systems Category:Key articles in screening


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Alcohols are a group of organic compounds in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a saturated carbon atom.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

In addition, hydrogen and carbon atoms are attached to the same carbon atom.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Classification of alcohols Alcohol can also be polyvalent, i.e. there may be several OH groups in a molecule, but never attached to the same carbon atom.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Alcohols can be classified based on the number of hydroxyl groups.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Alcohols can be classified according to how many carbons have been associated with the carbon that binds the hydroxyl group.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

In primary alcohol, a single carbon has been associated with the carbon chain that binds the hydroxyl group.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Methanol and ethanol are primary alcohols.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

The general formula for primary alcohol is CNH2N+1OH.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Alcohol is secondary when two other carbon atoms have been joined to the carbon atom carrying the OH group.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

and tertiary, when three other carbon atoms have been joined to the carbon atom carrying the OH group.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

The simplest secondary alcohol is isopropanol, and the simplest tertiary alcohol is tert-butanol.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Naming primary straight-chain alcohols Primary straight-chain alcohols, or n-alcohols, are named after the carbon atoms they contain.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

The names most commonly used are derived from the name of a hydrocarbon containing an equal number of carbon atoms with the terminal -was: for example, methane (CH4) corresponds to methanol (CH3OH) and ethane (C2H6) ethanol (C2H5OH).


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Alternatively, names obtained by adding the word alcohol to the -yl -terminated name of the hydrocarbon radical can also be used, in which case, for example, methanol is called methyl alcohol, ethanol as ethyl alcohol, and so on.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[1] Other hydroxyl compounds In alcohols, the carbon compound is read only when the carbon atom is saturated, that is, tetravalent and contains only one hydroxyl group, as well as hydrogen, or carbon atoms.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

In addition to hydrogen or carbons, there shall be no other groups geminal (in the same carbon) with hydroxyl.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

The chemistries of the unsaturated carbon atom hydroxyl are of another kind, and substances containing these are not classified as alcohols.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

The substance is enol if the hydroxyl is caught in a carbon with a double bond to another carbon (C=C-OH).


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

If, on the other hand, carbon has a double bond to oxygen, this is carboxylic acid (R-C (=O) -OH).


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Phenols, compounds in which the hydroxyl group is bound to the benzene ring, are also not classified as alcohols.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Even if carbon is saturated, other substances containing geminal groups with hydroxyl are not alcohols.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

When two hydroxyls are present in the same carbon atom, the substance is not an alcohol but a hydrate of a carbonyl compound, formalin as an example.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Another example is cyanohydrin, where the same carbon contains hydroxyl, and nitrile groups.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Alcohols Methanol and Ethanol The two most common primary alcohols are methanol and ethanol.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

When you talk about alcohol outside of chemistry, it's almost always about ethanol.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Ethanol has a boiling point of 78.3°C and a melting point of −114.4°C.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Isopropanol Isopropanol (or 2-propanol) is a secondary alcohol that is abundantly used in industry as a solvent and for the manufacture of other organic compounds.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

An ordinary consumer is usually acquainted with it in disinfectants and other cleaning products, where it is a popular solvent.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[2] Alcoholic reactions Oxidation Primary alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes and onwards to carboxylic acids.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[2] A catalyst is required for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Tertiary alcohol does not oxidize, but can decompose under the influence of a strong oxidizer.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Dehydration/reduction Alcohols can be dehydrogenated (remove the H2O molecule) by heating them in strong acid.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

In the reaction, alkenes are generated.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[3] Acid and base reactions Alcohols are both weak acids and alkalis.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Powerful bases such as metal hydrides and alkali metals react with alcohols to produce metal alkoxides.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Alcohol acts as an acid in the reaction and hydrogen is produced as a byproduct.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Phenols (pKa = 10) are stronger acids than alcohols (pKa = 16).


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Similarly, the conjugate bases of alcohols, alkoxides, are strong bases or even superbases.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

They cannot be dissolved in water because the water is too acidic: for example, sodium methoxide reacts with water to methanol and sodium hydroxide, a weaker base.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Preparation of alcohols Alcohols can be made from several functional groups: alkenes, alkyl halides, ketones, aldehydes and esters.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

From alkenes, alcohols can be prepared by the hydration of alcohols, that is, the addition of water to a double bond in an acidic solution.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Alcohol Toxicity Several alcohols are toxic, including ethanol.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

They are substances that paralyze the central nervous system, the products of combustion of which are toxic and cause a state of hops, resulting in a deterioration of human consciousness.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[4] The metabolism of primary alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, for the most part [5] passes through two oxidizing enzymes (alcoholic, and aldehyde dehydrogenase), first to aldehyde and then to carboxylic acid.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Toxicity of both aldehyde and carboxylic acid cause symptoms, typically acidosis.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

For secondary alcohols, only the first reaction occurs, resulting in a ketone, which is usually also toxic.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

For example, methanol first causes symptoms of central nervous system paralysis like ethanol.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

The methanol then converts to toxic formaldehyde, or formalin.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Formalin is metabolised over a few minutes of half-life to formic acid, which is toxic and slowly exits the body.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

It damages the blood vessels of the eye, causes acidosis, that is, the acidity of the blood, which is able to stop breathing.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[4] As ethanol converts, acetaldehyde (ethanal) CH3CHO is produced in the body, which is not as dangerous to cells as formaldehyde and is further oxidized to acetic acid, which is not as toxic.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

So, the lethal dose of ethanol is much higher.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Methanol poisoning can be treated with ethanol, which displaces methanol in the body's oxidation reactions.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

In this case, methanol has time to leave the body with urine without becoming toxic combustion products.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[2] The third common cause of alcohol poisoning is isopropanol.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[4] In the case of isopropanol, which is a secondary alcohol, only the first enzyme acts, resulting in acetone.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Acetone is more crippling and causes nausea, confusion and even unconsciousness.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Toxic alcohols also include glycol HO-CH2-CH2-OH (ethylene glycol, 1,2-ethanediol), which is involved in several coolants.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Glycol is metabolized in stages by oxidation, and causes acidosis similar to other alcohols.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

However, the final oxidation product is oxalic acid, which is highly toxic.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

Oxalic acid crystallizes calcium oxalate from tissues, which harms the kidneys worst.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[4] The use of sugar alcohols such as sorbitol in food is limited by their laxative effect.


Question: How is methanol different from ethanol?

Alcohols

[6] Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Functional Groups Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

Duodecim (Latin,), the full name Suomalainen Jääriseura Duodecim ry, is a Finnish organisation founded on 18 November 1881 for the popularization of medicine.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

The organization's name refers to the number of founding members; the name was coined by Werner Lindman.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

[1] The most famous of the founders and the first president of the Society was Matti Äyräpää, who was mentioned as the father of dentistry in Finland.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

The Society was founded to develop the professionalism of physicians and spread health care education, as well as to improve the position of Finnish in medicine.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

Since 1885, the Society has published the monthly medical journal Aikakirja Duodecim and since 1889 the general arts journal Healthcare.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

The heir to the health care magazine is the Home Doctor magazine, which, however, Duodecim does not consider a proper continuation.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

[2] Duodecim founded the journal Good Health in 1984 [3] The Society is actively involved in the substantive development of the health care system, including by drafting national Fermentation recommendations and organising consensus meetings.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

Duodecim strives to serve as a source of reliable medical information also by maintaining an electronic news service and websites.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

In 2012, the Society comprises more than 20000 doctors and medical students, as well as one hundred member associations.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

[4] Duodecim annually awards the Matti Äyräpää Prize and the Konrad Reijowaara Prize and the biennial Young Scientist Prize.


Question: What is duodecim?

Finnish Medical Society Duodecim

Duodecim's 12 founding members Nils Durchman August Hillbom Karl Adolf Hällström Rudolf Idman Karl Gustaf Kyrklund Werner Lindman Kaarlo Nohrström Albert Pfaler Wilhelm Snellman Werner Starck Eliel Jonathan Warén Matti Äyräpää [5] Sources on the topic Elsewhere Category:Medicine Category:Finnish science associations


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic () is a denomination used in historical research from Germany between 1919 and 1933, when the country was a republic.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Officially, the state was even then called the German Empire (Deutsches Reich).


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The era is considered to have begun when the new German constitution enacted in the city of Weimar on 11 August 1919 went into effect after Germany suffered defeat in World War I.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The period of the Weimar Republic came to an end with the rise of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialists and the abolition of the democracy that existed in the country.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Beginning of the Republic 1918—1919 From 1916, German policy was effectively led by the Army and its High Command (Oberste Heeresleitung, OHL) under its chief Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

When it became apparent that the war had been eradicated, the OHL insisted that responsibility would pass to a civilian government with the goal of secession from the war.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

There was a change of government in the German Empire.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The new Reich Chancellor (Reichskanzler) Prince Max von Baden thus offered US President Woodrow Wilson an armistice agreement on 3 October 1918.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

On 28 October 1918, the Constitution of the Empire was amended so that the country became a parliamentary democracy.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This made the Reich Chancellery accountable to the Reichstag rather than to the Emperor.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

However, the plan to turn Germany into a parliamentary monarchy failed as the country plunged into chaos as troops returned from the front.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The war had emotionally and physically ravaged many soldiers and acclimatised them to violence, which was resorted to even when peace returned.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Bloody clashes broke out between the left and the right.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Rebellious soldiers and laborers When the army leadership ordered permission from the Reichstag without asking for the offensive patrol mission of the German Navy's Ocean Fleet (), a mutiny broke out.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

If the order had come to pass, the peace talks would in all likelihood have lapsed.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The crew of two ships mutinied at Wilhelmshaven and the army arrested about 1000 sailors and transported them to Kiel.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This led to the spread of local rebellion over the entire kingdom.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The mutinying soldiers, sailors and labourers who sympathised with them formed the 1918 Revolutionary Council and took power in many cities.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

By 7 November, the revolt had spread to Munich, where Louis III of Bavaria was the first German monarch to go on the run.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Initially the demands of the councils were minimal, they merely demanded the release of captured sailors.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

From the Bolshevik coup in Russia, they differed in such a way that they were not controlled by the Communist Party.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Because of events in Soviet-Russia, Germany's upper class and middle class feared that Germany would become a Soviet republic.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The intermediate between Social Democrats and Communists, the German labour movement was divided.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The left-wing social democrats USPD, advocated the power of Workers' Councils and the majority Social Democrats SPD, parliamentarianism.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The division had been formed even before World War I 1914.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The left wing of the Social Democrats had opposed Germany's entry into the war, and in 1919 some of them supported a socialist Spartakist rebellion as communists.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

A majority of the Social Democrats supported defending German interests.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

When the Spartacists attempted a socialist revolution in Germany by coup, the Spartakists were responsible for suppressing the rebellion as the minister responsible for the Reichswehr, the Social Democratic Gustav Noske.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Communists accused the Social Democrats of betraying the cause.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

A republic or a Soviet power?


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

All socialists demanded the resignation of Emperor William II.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

On 9 November, the majority Socialists at the Reichstag House in Berlin declared the birth of a German republic, at the same time that a minority elsewhere — led by Karl Liebknecht, among others — declared the country a Soviet republic.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Still on the same day, Reich Chancellor Max von Baden transferred power to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the majority Socialists.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

However, this was not seen to appease the popular forces, and a day later a revolutionary administration Council of People's Councillors (Rat der Volksbeauftragten) was established, which included both majority and minority socialists and represented workers and soldiers.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

However, this administration was opposed by the minority socialists left wing, the Spartakists, led by Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Ebert called together the National Congress of Councils, which met 16—20.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

December and where the majority socialists had a majority.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The Soviet Congress decided that enactment of a future constitution would fall to the National Assembly elected by universal suffrage.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Thus Ebert managed to marginalize the supporters of Soviet rule.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Ebert defeats the rebellion To ensure his government's jurisdiction, Ebert allied himself with the army, led at that point by General Wilhelm Groener.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The agreement guaranteed the military that the government would not attempt to reorganise it if it remained loyal to the government.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

On the other hand, the treaty ensured cooperation between the government and the military, which convinced the upper and middle classes of its intentions to maintain order in the country and that the army remained a stabilizing force.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

For the Left Wing, this meant betraying the workers' cause.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The alliance with the military was one of the factors that permanently divided the left into Social Democrats and Communists.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Once and for all, the left torn up when Ebert called in the army to put down one of the Berlin military rebellions on 23 November 1918.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The rebels had captured the city's Commandant's HQ and the Reich Office, where the government kept its lodge.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The rebellion was brutally defeated and no casualties and wounded were avoided.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

As a result, the left wing broke away from the majority Socialists, who had, according to it, allied with the Counter-Revolutionary Army in an effort to defeat the revolution.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The distinction deepened when the Communist Party of Germany was formed out of Spartacists and the radical leftist groups that joined them.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In January 1919, several violent attempts were made to bring about a socialist revolution.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

These rebellions were defeated by the Freikorps, or Freikorps, made up of volunteer soldiers and right-wingers.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The situation culminated when Spartacist leaders Liebknecht and Luxembourg were beaten to death on 15 January.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

With Ebert's approval, the killers were sentenced in a military trial instead of a civilian court to lenient punishments.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This increased Ebert's unpopularity in the eyes of left-wing groups.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Weimar National Assembly Elections to the National Assembly were held on 19 January.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Minority Socialists and other left-wing groups failed to gain almost no delegates to the National Assembly because they had been beaten apart when the rebellions were defeated.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

To avoid being at the centre of the riots, the National Assembly moved to the city of Weimar to work on a new constitution.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

It formed a presidential-led republic from Germany, with Reichstag representatives elected by proportional representation.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

During the rallies in Weimar, violence and rebellion continued in the country.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Munich momentarily declared itself a Soviet republic, but the revolt was defeated by Freikorps' forces.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In addition, there was fighting in the eastern provinces because they were loyal to the emperor and did not want to belong to the republic.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Ebert, the first Reich President of the Republic, signed the new constitution on 11 August 1919.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

At the same time, in France, the Treaty of Versailles, concluded in peace negotiations with the Circum-Powers, greatly shrunk the strength of the army, brought Germany large war reparations and demilitarised the Rhineland.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In the treaty, Germany was also forced to plead unilateral guilt to World War I.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Later, Adolf Hitler blamed the republic and democracy for this “peace of shame”.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Germany lost territories to its neighbours in the treaty.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The Greater Poland Rebellion that broke out in Poznan benefited from internal German dispersal and ended with the victory of Polish rebels, resulting in the peace annexation of Posen Province into newly independent Poland.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Early years of the Young Republic 1919—1923 From its founding, the Weimar Republic was under pressure from extremism on the left and right.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The left accused the Social Democrats of betraying the cause by allying with the old power rather than the socialist revolution, while the right opposed the democratic system and would sooner have reverted to the old authoritarian model.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

To destroy the credibility of the Republic, the right wing blamed (especially within the army circle) the regime for Germany's defeat in World War I.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

A legend emerged of the backstabbing that the defeat had been caused by communist and Jewish machinations on the home front.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

On March 13, 1920, a group of Freikorps troops conquered Berlin and installed right-wing newspaperman Wolfgang Kapp as Reich Chancellor of the new government.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

As the Freikorps' troops were Ebert's only means of retaining power, he had no choice but to withdraw his parliament to Dresden, from where it called a general strike.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This brought the economy to a complete standstill and Kapp's administration collapsed as early as March 17.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The communists impressed by the power of the general strike staged an uprising in the Ruhr region in 1920 when 50,000 laborers formed the Red Army and took control of the province.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The uprising was defeated by the army and the Freikorps without instructions from the government.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Communist revolutions were also suppressed in March 1921 in Saxony and Hamburg.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In 1923, the Republic was no longer able to pay war reparations as had been agreed in the Treaty of Versailles and the new government fell behind in payments.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In retaliation, French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr region, one of the largest concentrations of industry in Germany, taking over mines and production facilities in the area in January 1922.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In January 1923, the Germans declared a general strike as a retaliatory measure, urging the population and workers for passive resistance.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The strikes lasted eight months, which the German economy suffered, and the country had to rely on imports.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

As the striking laborers also had to be paid wages by the state, more money was printed, causing hyperinflation.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Before hyperinflation, one US dollar had gained 4.2 DM.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In August 1923, the dollar received one million marks and on November 20, $4200 billion.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In early December, a currency reform was carried out in which 1000000000000 old marks received one new Rentenmark.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

War reparations continued and the Ruhr was returned to Germany.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In 1923, Adolf Hitler also staged an attempted coup d'état in Munich, known as the Beer Met Coup.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In 1920, the German Workers' Party had become the National Socialist Party and Hitler had risen to become its chairman in 1921.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The paramilitary organisation SA was founded in 1921, and served as Hitler's personal army in taking power.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

On November 8, 1923, Hitler, along with his party comrades, staged an attempted coup and declared a new government, with the goal of taking control of Munich the next day.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

A hundred police officers defeated a crowd of 3,000 mutineers.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Four police officers and 15 protesters were killed in the clash.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Hitler was arrested and sent to serve a mild, ultimately reduced sentence for good behavior for a year to prison in Landsberg.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

After a year spent in captivity, Hitler used his political programme declaration to write the book My Struggle.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In his book, Hitler set out ideas that were later realised in World War II.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The failure of the coup persuaded Hitler that taking power was next worth pursuing a legitimate path.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Weimar's golden age, 1923—1929, Gustav Stresemann, leader of the centre-right People's Party, served as Reich Chancellor for a short time in 1923 and Foreign Minister from 1923 to 1929.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This era was a time of relative stability in the Weimar Republic, with riots and revolts diminishing and the economy recovering.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Stresemann's first measure was a currency reform, in which the old mark was made Rentenmark.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The push for reform was to break the hyperinflation that riven Germany socially and economically.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The reform was successful because Stresemann refused to print more currency.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

To rebalance the economy, he also reduced government spending and bureaucracy, while tightening taxes.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The era also saw the implementation of the Dawes Plan, which tied war reparations to Germany's ability to pay.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The country was also included in the League of Nations, agreed to the ambiguities surrounding the western border, signed a neutrality treaty with the Soviet Union and violated a few of the disarmament provisions of the Versailles Peace Treaty.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Finance was sought from external debt, although at the same time trade fell and unemployment rose.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Stresemann's reforms did not eliminate the weaknesses of the republic, although created an image of stable democracy and economy.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

With Stresemann's death in 1929, the Weimar golden age came to an end and the intensification of political extremists severely destabilized the republic, especially as the Depression of the 1930s collapsed its economy.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The collapse and rise of the National Socialists 1930—1933 Loss of credibility for the last years of the Weimar Republic was marked by greater political instability than before.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

On 29 March 1930, after months of lobbying by General Kurt von Schleicher, Paul von Hindenburg appointed Reich Chancellor Müller to succeed economic expert Heinrich Brüning.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The new government did not have a majority in the Riksdag, so under the constitution the Reich President had been given extra emergency powers for this reason.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

So the government was assumed to be shifting the political line in a more conservative direction.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

A bill was introduced to rebalance the state's finances on 18 July 1930, which was narrowly rejected.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The Social Democrats, Communists and then the National Socialists, who were still in marginal representation, voted against the proposal.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Because of the rejection, Hindenburg introduced emergency rights in the constitution and made a presidential proposal to the Riksdag to dissolve the Riksdag.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

New Reichstag elections were held on 14 September 1930.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

There was a significant political shift in power relations: the National Socialists won 18.3% of the vote, five times more than in the previous election of 1928.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This had disastrous consequences for the Republic, as moderate parties were now no longer held by the majority in the Riksdag.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This emboldened the National Socialists to take more power through foreign parliamentary means — principally by the paramilitary SA.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic was menacingly heading towards civil war.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Between 1930 and 1932, Brüning attempted to govern and stabilize the state without a parliamentary majority, using President Hindenburg's emergency privileges as his aid.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

At the same time, the Great Depression reached its high point.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Following liberal economic theory, Brüning cut government spending, including the social sector.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

He assumed that the economic slump would get even worse before the economy turned upward again.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Among other things, the state stopped subsidizing mandatory unemployment insurance, which meant more spending for those working and fewer benefits for the unemployed.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This led to growing dissatisfaction with the government.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The economic decline continued into the second half of 1932 before signs of recovery were visible.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

By this point, however, the Weimar Republic had lost all confidence in the eyes of the majority of the German people.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Historians disagree on how Brüning's economic policies should be judged, but it is clear nonetheless that the solutions made crumbled the republic by capturing its popular popularity.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Brüning resigned his post on 30 May 1932 after losing Hindenburg's support.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Five weeks earlier, Hindenburg had been re-elected Reich President with Brüning's active support in the electoral struggle against Hitler in a direct referendum.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Hindenburg appointed Franz von Papen as Reich Chancellor, who had Hitler's support but not unconditionally.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In return, Hitler wanted the Reichstag to be dissolved again and elections held, the SA Declaration of Abolition should be withdrawn and the Prussian Social Democratic government should be sacked with emergency rights.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The July 1932 election The general election on 31 July 1932 gave the National Socialists a 37.2% vote catch, making the National Socialist Party by far the largest party in the Reichstag.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Hitler now claimed the seat of Reich Chancellor.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

However, President Hindenburg offered him only a seat of government.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Many Nazis insisted on engaging in a coup, but Hitler wanted to gain the legal path of power.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Parties opposed to Hitler plotted a new election which it was hoped would undermine the latter's position.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

[1] New elections were held on 6 November 1932.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

They gave the National Socialists 33.1% of the vote.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Franz von Papen resigned his post as Reich Chancellor and was succeeded by General von Schleicher.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

He envisaged a Reichstag majority by merging the trade union wings of several parties and the left wing of the National Socialists, or Strassers.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

They couldn't get the government together.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

[1] Hitler and von Papen met secretly on 4 January 1933 and agreed to form a new government together, which would feature only two other National Socialists besides Hitler, Wilhelm Frick and Hermann Göring.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Hitler would become Reich Chancellor and von Papen Vice-Reich Chancellor.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This plan was presented to Hindenburg.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Although he was staunchly opposed to the National Socialists and had won the presidential election, he reluctantly accepted von Papen's theory of the NSDAP's vanishing popular popularity and that, as Reich Chancellor, Hitler would be controllable.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

[1] Hindenburg appointed Hitler as the new Reich Chancellor on 30 January 1933.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

This date is generally considered to be the beginning of National Socialist Germany and in Nazi propaganda it was called the Machtergreifung, the take on power.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

[2] Hitler as Reich Chancellor Only a week after Adolf Hitler came to power, the new government had begun to restrict the activities of the opposition.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Left wing party meetings were banned, and members of several parties were threatened.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The German Reichstag House burned to rubble on 27 February 1933.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Hitler blamed the act on the communists and arrested the party leadership.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

He also declared the country to a state of emergency and persuaded President Hindenburg to sign an order (Reichstagsbrandverordnung) that revoked most of the human rights provided for in the 1919 Constitution.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

In March 1933, the Power Act was enacted, granting the government for four years the right to legislate without the consent of the Reichstag.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934, after which Hitler combined the posts of Reich Chancellor and President, and installed himself as Führer and Reich Chancellor.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

At the same time, the post was changed for life.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

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Subsequently, there was virtually nothing left of the constitution of the Weimar Republic.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Formally, however, it was not repealed in its entirety; the Nazis made only a few changes to it, some most noticeable on 15 September 1935.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

[3] Cultural heritage of the Weimar Republic during the Weimar Republic, culture and science lived through a period of intense flourishing.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Germany experienced a major boom in film, aided by directors Friedrich Murnau and Fritz Lang.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Bertolt Brecht and Thomas Mann represented high-class literature, and Walter Gropius created modern architecture with his Bauhaus school.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

Expressionism and neofacialism prevailed as trends in the visual arts.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

[4] Existing parts of the Constitution A few paragraphs of the Constitution of the Weimar Republic are currently in force in Germany.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

The 140th article of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, enacted in 1949, stipulates that 136.—139 of the Constitution of 1919.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

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and the 141st Articles are valid as part of the new constitution.


Question: Why did the Weimar Republic end in 1933?

Weimar Republic

[5] See also Weimar Republic Glossary Sources on the topic elsewhere CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March (J: 21 March) 1685 in Eisenach — 28 July 1750 in Leipzig) was a German composer, conductor and organist.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

He was one of the most prominent composers in the history of the Baroque and at the same time the entire history of art music.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Bach composed all types of works of his time with the exception of opera.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Life Youth Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach in eastern Germany into a musical family.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

His parents died when he was nine years old, and he moved to live with his brother Johann Christoph in Ohrdruf.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

After five years in the lyceum, Bach was sent at the age of 15 to Lüneburg, where he sang in the boys choir until his voice break.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

It is not known exactly how young Bach acquired his organ playing skills, but there is reason to suppose that brother Johann Christoph plays a role in the matter.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

In Lüneburg, on the other hand, an influence may have been Georg Böhm, organist of Johanniskirche.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Already at the age of 17, Bach obtained the position of organist at Sängerhausen, but the Duke overturned the decision and hired an older candidate.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Visiting Arnstadt, near the city of his birth a few months later, to inspect the new organ, Bach made such an impression on those in power that he already secured the place of organist promised to another.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

It is enigmatic how, even at such a young age, Bach may have been such a distinguished connoisseur of organ building that the responsibility for organ inspection was entrusted to him.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

In Arnstadt, Bach was considered too young to teach choirists, creating disputes between Bach and authority figures.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

For example, with a bassoon named Geyersbach, Bach got into a fight where he had time to use his sword to mutilate the clothes of a disputing partner.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Nor was the situation improved by the fact that Bach took a long time off to walk to Lübeck to listen to Dietrich Buxtehude's organ play.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

As Bach was, on top of all things, an accomplished violinist, there is reason to assume that, during his time in Lübeck, he played the violin at the Abendmusik concert organised by Buxtehude.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

In 1707, Bach resigned his post at Arnstadt and took a place in Mühlhausen.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

In the same year he married his cousin Maria Barbara Bach, with whom he had seven children.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

A year later he played organ for the Duke of Weimar, who promised Bach a better place as organist, chamber musician and later concertmaster.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

In Weimar he developed his composing, and adapted concertos by Antonio Vivaldi for organ and harpsichord, among others.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Vivaldi's production influenced his later violin concertos through it.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

The vast majority of Bach's organ music is believed to date back to the Weimarin period.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

In 1716, Bach heard that the Duke was planning a conductor's seat promised to Bach for Georg Philipp Telemann, to which he responded by acquiring himself an equivalent seat at Köthen (vanh.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Cöthen).


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

To thwart Bach's plans, this was captured by the Duke in November 1717.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

A month later, Bach was released, and, as planned, he transferred to the service of Prince Leopold in Köthen.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

There, Bach composed his famous Brandenburg concertos, in which various groups of solo instruments play with the rest of the orchestra accompanying them.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

Some of the combinations were extraordinary: in the Fifth Concerto, solo instruments include violin, flute and harpsichord.


Question: When did Johann Sebastian Bach die?

Johann Sebastian Bach

However, these nowadays immensely prestigious concertos were apparently not performed under Bach because of their exactitude.