Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Medieval stone churches in Finland are medieval churches built of natural stone, with the base formula most often rectangular.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The building material has usually been granite.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The oldest stone churches in Finland were built in Åland at the end of the 13th century.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The oldest of these is the Jomala Church, built in 1275—1285, which is at the same time the oldest stone building in all of Finland.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[1] In mainland Finland, stone churches began to be built at the beginning of the 15th century, initially in Varsinais-Suomi and Uusimaa.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Early stone churches were influenced by churches on Gotland, and the basic type of churches is probably well established in the 14th century.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The rectangular churches had a sacristy on the north side and an arms room on the south side.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The interior ceiling was initially a wooden barrel vault, brick vaults only becoming common in the 15th century.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

In their interior, the churches are either one-, two- or three-ship.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The pediments are masonry of bricks and decorated with Late Gothic closet motifs.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[2] Timing of Stone Churches Contemporaneous sources tell little of the medieval stone churches in Finland.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Only a few written records have survived, most of them in the structures of churches themselves.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

More than 95 percent of churches have to be scheduled by other means.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

In addition to natural history means, buildings can be timed based on the stylistic and other features of the buildings, requiring careful examination of churches.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Nor can you take scientifically justified samples of buildings without this knowledge as a basis for natural-history timing.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[3] The churches were first studied by the Finnish Society for Ancient Monuments, whose expedition examined the churches of Southwest Finland and Åland Islands in 1871.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Emil Nervander, the leader of the expedition, later published a presentation in which he divided churches into groups, relying on international style studies.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

In his view, the round-arch openings represented the Old Romanesque style, while tapered arch openings represented the newer Gothic.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Nervander gave churches yearly timing based on this division.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Although confusion was caused by the fact that, for example, the churches of Nousiaie and Maaria, which he considered to be the oldest, had incorrectly shaped, tapered openings.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The church of Nousiainen was, according to Nervander, built during the time of Bishop Henry in the 1150s.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[3] In the fold of the 19th and 20th centuries, medieval churches became national monuments that were relevant to national identity in comparing the level of civilisation with those of the West and especially Scandinavian countries.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

According to Markus Siekanen, for nationalist reasons, it was desirable for stone churches to be as old as possible unless there was an entirely indisputable basis for some churches to turn out to be younger.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

As early as the 19th century, efforts had been made to prove most of the stone churches belonged to the 12th and 13th centuries.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[3] Iikka Kronqvist studied the medieval construction of Finland from the 1920s to the early 1940s very much.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

He strongly criticized earlier research and brought out his own interpretation.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

According to Kronqvist, the seams visible in the churches would have been indicative of very long construction times and construction work would have begun in many places around 1300.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Kronqvist's theory was published after his death in 1948 and there was almost no criticism of the theory; it was a generally accepted model until the early 1990s.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Only subsequent studies have shown that masonry seams meant only that the construction of the stone church had been divided into technical sections, which, however, had been done quickly after another.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Reliable timing methods such as year ring timing have also shown many churches to be younger than thought.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[3] Since the mid-1990s, archaeologist and researcher of the Middle Ages Markus Hiekanen has presented timings for stone churches indicating that stone churches are significantly younger than previously estimated.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Hiekanen has compiled a new, comprehensive typology from the building elements of stone churches and has justified his estimates by year ring dating.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Hiekanen has received criticism from Åsa Ringbom, among others, who has timed churches in Åland with a relatively new method of lime mortar.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The Ålands kyrkor project has used the method to schedule the estimates presented by Hiekanen to be older.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

However, the mortar timing method is still at the stage of development and so far cannot be considered a definite natural-science timing method.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[4] See also List of medieval stone churches in Finland Sources Nurminen, Maija (Editorial Manager): Spectrum Data Centre: Part 11.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

WSOY, 1976.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

ISBN 951-0-07250-8.


Question: Where is the oldest church in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hiekanen, Markus| title = Stone Churches of the Middle Ages in Finland | location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2007| version = Editorials of the Finnish Literary Society 1117| id = ISBN 978-951-746-861-9}} References On the topic elsewhere Juha Sinivaara: . . *


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Daqin (, pinyin: Dàqín, Wade—Giles: Ta4-Ch'in2; alternative transliterations of Tachin, in Finnish literature sometimes also Ta-Chin [1]) is an Old Chinese designation that usually meant the Roman Empire or, depending on context, the Near East, especially Syria.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[2] It literally means “Greater China”, as Qin was the dynasty founded by the Chinese Empire, from which China also derives its name.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

According to the definition put forward by historian John Foster, Daqin was equal to “the Roman Empire, or rather the only part of it that the Chinese knew, Syria.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

“[3] Chinese sources mention its capital as having varied Antioch or Constantinople, but the city of Rome itself is nowhere clearly mentioned.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Chinese sources describe Daqin laws, such customs, costumes and money.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

From the time of the Tang dynasty (618—907), instead of Daqin, the name Fulin () began to be used, which Friedrich Hirth and other scholars have explained to mean the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantium.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] [4] The name Daqin was also often associated with Syrian-speaking Nestorian Christians who lived in China during the Tang Dynasty.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

On the other hand, the early Chinese perception of Daqin could easily get confused with their old myths about the distant west as well.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[5] Chinese sources also mention the arrival of several Roman legations in China, first in 166 and continuing into the 21st century.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

These early embassies mention having arrived by sea across the South China Sea to the Chinese province of Jiaozhi, present-day North Vietnam.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Archaeological finds like Roman money testify to trade relations between Romans and Southeast Asia.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Later, from the 6th century until the 10th century, Byzantine embassies are mentioned to have arrived in China as land theiste along the Silk Road, as with other Europeans.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Byzantine Greeks are known to have been a Mongol ruler at the court of Kublai Khan (1260—1294) in Khanbaliq (Beijing), while Emperor Hongwu, who reigned from 1368 to 1398, the founder of the Ming dynasty, sent at least one letter to Byzantine Emperor John V Palaiologos.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

The etymology of Daqin The term Daqin (, pinyin: Dà qín, Wade—Giles: Ta4-Ch'in2), “Greater Qin,” derives from the Qin dynasty founded by Qin Shihuang.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Qin Shihuangdi was the first emperor of China, who in 221 BCE.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

united China's fighting fiefdom states into a single kingdom.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[6] The prefix “da” (大), “great”, was used to indicate that the Roman Empire was a superpower equal to the Qin Empire, appearing to be a utopic land on that side of the Parthian Empire.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[6] The name “Daqin” apparently does not in any way phonetically derive from the Latin name Rome, nor from its Greek counterpart Romaikē.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

In contrast, it is possible that the Latin name Serica (“Silkland”) used from China, Serikon in Greek, commonly assumed to mean “silk land” and derives from the Chinese language word si meaning silk, might derive from the ancient Chinese pronunciation of the name of the Qin dynasty, where the end syllable of the name ended with an r sound.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[6] Such pronunciation is implied by the fact that the Qin Dynasty character is used in Chinese texts of the Han Dynasty even when transcribing foreign names ending in the r-phoneme.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[6] Fulin The term “Daqin” was used as early as the Han dynasty (202 BCE.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

— 220 share.)


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

period, [6] but since the time of the Tang dynasty Chinese chronicles use the new name Fulin (, Fú ln) from the Eastern Roman Empire.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Friedrich Hirth has speculated that the name Fulin derives from the accusative form of the Greek name for Constantinople ending in -polin.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[7] Based on the historical pronunciation of Cantonese Chinese and Japanese, Hirth has also considered it possible that the Middle Chinese name Fulin would have been pronounced Butlim or Butlam, and that it derives from the Syriac pronunciation of Bethlehem's name.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[8] A few scholars argued in the 20th century that Fulin was a Chinese transliteration of the name Ephraim once used from Israel, but Samuel N.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

C. Lieu has stressed that, according to more recent research, Fuli is most likely to be attributed to the names used in Iranian languages of the Roman Empire (hrwm in Middle Persian, frwm in Parthian, ßr'wm- in sodg, and фромо in Bactrian).


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[6] History Early descriptions of Gan Ying After the opening of the Silk Road in the second century before the beginning of our time, the Chinese perceived the Roman Empire as the civilized equivalent of the Chinese Empire.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

The Romans lived at one extreme of the trade route, the Chinese at the other.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

China, in the old days, never sought to make direct contact with the Roman Empire, though General Ban Chao sent Gan Ying as a representative to “Daqin” in 97 ja.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Gan Ying did not reach as far as Daqin: he had to stop at the shore of one of the great seas because “sailors of the Parthian west bank” told him that crossing the sea could take too long and be dangerous.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

A detailed description of the Roman Empire was drawn up by Gan Ying, but it is generally assumed to be based on second-hand knowledge gained from the Parthians: There are more than 400 walled cities.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

There are a few dozen smaller non-independent kingdoms.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

The city walls are made of stone.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

They have set up horse exchange stations for walkers at certain intervals, and they have all been mortared and washed white.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

There are pines and cypresses, as well as all kinds of trees and plants.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[9] [10] Gan Ying described the Roman form of government in a very idealistic tone, likely based on some story told to him in 97 during his visit to the Persian Gulf: Mention of distinguished men appointed kings apparently refers to Roman consuls.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Furthermore, in a somewhat more realistic tone, Gan Ying also described the products of the kingdom: Geographical descriptions in Weilüe in a text titled Weilüe written by Yu Huan (circa 239—265), preserved in the work of the Three Kingdoms published by Pei Songzhi in 429 chronicle, describing the eastern regions of the Roman Empire and especially Egypt already in more detail.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

In the 19th century, the sinologist Friedrich Hirth translated this proportion into the English language, while trying to identify the place names mentioned therein.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Interpreted by Jerome S. Arkenberg in 2000, the text reads as follows (the names in parentheses are Hirth and Arkenberg interpretations of the Chinese names in the initial text): [4] Weilüe also mentions that Daqin had smaller “dependent” vassal states which in it there are said to be too many to list.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Only a few of them are mentioned by name such as Lower San (Alexandria or Charax-Spasinu, Lu-fen (Nikeforium), Ch'ieh-lan (Palmyra, Hsien-tu (Damascus), Si-fu (Emesa) and Hi-lat (Hira).


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] Some of these possibly refer to the states that Rome temporarily conquered in the Roman-Parthian Wars between the years 66 and 217, when, for example, the Roman emperor Trajan advanced as far as the Persian Gulf and conquered Characene, with Charax Spasinu as its capital.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[11] Weilüe also indicates at what distance (in Chinese li units) and in what direction relative to each other these cities were located, and like the Later Han Dynasty book, it also mentions a pontoon bridge (“flying bridge”) that crossed the Euphrates in the Roman city of Zeugma (“flying bridge”) ( in present-day Turkey).


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] According to Hirth and Arkenberg, Si-fu () was Emesa.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

However, John E. Hill claimed that it would have been the Petra of Nabatea, which is hinted by the directions and distances reported at Weilüe from Yuluo (Al Karak) as well as the fact that Petra came under Roman rule under Emperor Trajan in 106.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[12] As even more convincing evidence, Hill considered that in Chinese, Si-fu means “a branch of the river that converges back to the main stream” or, more simply, “re-converging water streams”.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[12] He has claimed this to refer to reservoirs and reservoirs that were used to regulate the flooding of many rivers that pass through the settlement, as well as nearby bogs, namely wads such as the Wadi Musa (“Valley of Mooxes”).


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[12] Christianity Roughly from 550 onwards, Syriac Christians settled everywhere along the Silk Road and established mission churches.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Subsequently, in China, the name Daqin or Tai-ch'in most commonly referred to the Christian population of precisely those areas, not Rome or the Roman Catholic Church.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[2] For example, when the Taoist Tang emperor Wuzong in the mid-8th century closed down Christian monasteries, an imperial edict said: [13] Here, Tai-ch'in meant Syriac Christians and Muh-hu Zarathustrans.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

The name “Daqin” was used on Chinese maps of Rome still in the 16th century, for example in a map titled Sihai Huayi Zongtu published in 1532.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

At different times and in different contexts, it may have meant either the Western Roman or Eastern Roman Empire or the Christian Nestorian Church.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Erected in the Tang Dynasty's capital Chang'an in 781, a Nestorian monument has a hewn text containing a brief summary of what had been known about Daqin in Chinese historical works by then, mentioning that only 'splendid' was practised there religion, in other words Christianity.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] Capitals Chinese sources mention “An-tu” as the capital of Daqin, that is, Antioch, the first major Christian city.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[14] However, the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang, which identify with Daq and “Fulin” (; that is, the Byzantine Empire), mention another capital, apparently Constantinople.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

It is mentioned that its city wall was “erite high” and that it was once besieged by Da shi (, the military commander of the country known as “Mo-yi”/; Pinyin: Mó zhuāi fá zhī) [4] According to Friedrich Hirth, according to Chinese sources, Mo-yi was Muawija I, the founder of the Umaijads Caliphate, who before becoming Caliph coming in was the first governor of Syria [4] and who besieged Constantinople in 674—678.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

The Roman city itself in early Chinese sources is apparently not mentioned at all.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Embassies In the works of Roman writers such as Vergilikuse, Horatius and Sraboni, who lived in the last century before the beginning of our time, there are only scant mentions of a silk-producing land called Seres in the far east, under the name China at that time was known.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[15] In the second century of our time, Florus seems to have confused Seres with the peoples of India, or at least claimed that the skin color of that people proved that both lived “under another heaven” like the Romans.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[15] Geographer Pomponius Mela mentioned that these lands formed the central part of the eastern ocean coast bordering India in the south and the steppe inhabited by the Scythians in the north, while Ammianus Marcellinus (ca.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

330—400) wrote that the land of Seres was bounded by large walls formed by nature along the Bautis River (apparently the Yellow River).


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[15] Ptolemy also described the Gulf of Siam and the South China Sea, on the shores of which, behind the Golden Khersonese (Malaka peninsula), a seafarer named Aleksander, had visited.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[16] Ptolemy's Cattigara is thought to mean the city of Oc Eo in Vietnam, as Roman artifacts have been found there.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[17] By contrast, Chinese historical works abound with mentions of Roman embassies in China and the Roman Empire.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

A book from the later Han dynasty recounts the arrival of the first Roman legation in China in 166.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

It, as well as later embassies, are mentioned as having arrived through the Jiaozhou region, or Annam, now part of Vietnam [4] The members of the embassy claimed to be the ruler of Daqin “Andu” (), apparently either Antoninus Pius or his co-ruler Marcus Aurelius Representatives of Antoninus and gave gifts to Emperor Huan of the Han dynasty.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[18] [19] Other embassies later arrived at irregular intervals.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

The Book of Liang mentions the Daqin legation as having arrived at the Eastern Wu ruler Sun Quan in 226, while the Book of Jin mentions that Emperor Wu of the Western Jin dynasty received the embassy in 284.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] Emperor Yang of the Sui dynasty (circa 604—618) would have liked to send his representatives to Daqin, which, however, never materialized. [4] [20].


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Instead, the court of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty of China arrived in the year by the embassy of the kingdom known as Fulin (), the Eastern Roman Legation.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

643 legation from the kingdom, which in China was known as Fulin () and which explained that he represented a ruler known as Bo duoli (), who apparently was the Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II, also known as Kōnstantinos Pogonatos, “Constantine the Bearded”.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] Later Fulin, or Eastern Roman legations, arrived in China during the Tang dynasty also in 667, 701 and 719.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] In the Chinese Old Book of Tang|in the Old]] and New Book of Tang, Fulin and Daqin were identified.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

In Ma Duanlin's (1245—1322) work Tongkao of Wenzia, as well as Song history, mention that Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Dukas () sent an embassy to China, arriving in 1081 when Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty ruled in China.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] [21] During the Mongolian Yuan dynasty that followed (1271—1368), more Europeans visited and stayed in China than ever before, for example Marco Polo and Katarina Vilioni and Catholic missionaries such as Giovanni da Montecorvino and Giovanni de Marignolli.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[22] [23] [24] Yuan history also tells of a man named Ai-sie (the name is apparently a Chinese form of the name Joshua or Joseph) who initially served at the court of Gÿuÿk Khan and was well versed in Western languages, medicine, and astronomy.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[25] Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, appointed him head of both the medicinal and astronomical council, eventually granting him the rank of Prince of Fuli (; Fú ln wáng).


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[25] The work also lists his children under the Chinese names Ye-li-ah, Lu-ko and An-tun, which apparently are Chinese adaptations of the Christian names Elias, Luke and Antony.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[25] The Ming Dynasty (1368—1644) history work Ming Shi mentions that Emperor Hongwu, the founder of the dynasty, sent a merchant named Nieh-ku-lun () back to his homeland carrying a letter detailing the establishment of the dynasty.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] [26] [27] It is speculated that this would have been the former Catholic Archbishop of Cambalu (Beijing), Nicolaus de Bentra, who succeeded John Montecorvino in this office [28] Ming Shi continues to report that after this the links between China and Fulini were broken and that there was no major Western from the sea (Mediterranean) this followed by embassies to China before the 16th century when the Italian Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci arrived in the country.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] Currency and money Although Chinese silk was imported to Rome [29] and Roman glassware has been found in Chinese tombs of the Han period [30], only scarce Roman money has been found in China.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Valerie Hansen wrote back in 2012 that no Roman money from the Roman Republic or the Principath has been found in China, that is, from before 284.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[31] However, in 2016, Warwick Ball mentioned that sixteen Roman coins have been found in Xi'an, the site of China's Han Dynasty's early capital Chang'an, the oldest of which are from the period of Emperor Tiberius (14—37) and the latest Aurelianus (270—275).


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[32] The earliest Eastern Roman soliduses found in China are from the period of Emperor Theodosius II (408—450), and 48 pieces have been found in Xinjiang and elsewhere in China.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[31] Furthermore Roman medallions from the time of Antoninus Pius and possibly also his successor Marcus Aurelius have been found in Óc Eo in South Vietnam, which at that time belonged to the Kingdom of Funan, while the northern part of present-day Vietnam belonged to the then Chinese Jiaozhin to the province.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[16] This is the same region where the Romans, according to historical Chinese sources, first arrived before proceeding further into China to establish diplomatic relations.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[16] [4] Chinese historical works describe Byzantine money.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

The Book of Jin and the later Wengian Tongkao describe trade with India, Parthia and the Roman Empire, and mention that ten Roman silver coins were equivalent in value to one Roman gold coin.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] In reality, their valuation ratio varied somewhat, but in general the Roman aureus corresponded with a value of 25 silver denarii.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[33] Song history says that the Byzantine coins were either silver or gold and had no hole in the middle, but they were marked with the name of the ruler.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] Law and Order Song's history also describes the penal laws and punishments used in Daqin and Fulin.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

It said a distinction was made between minor and major offences, and major offences would have been punished with 200 bamboo swabs.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] The work also mentions that the death penalty would have been enforced by enclosing the condemned in a “feather bag”, which was then thrown into the sea.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] Apparently referred to here is the Roman-Byzantine punishment called poena cullei (“sack punishment”), which was applied to the murders of his father or mother; in it the condemned was actually confined in a sack, occasionally involving wild animals, after which the sack was thrown into the river or sea.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[34] Song history also mentions that counterfeiting money minted in Fulini was prohibited by law.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] These mentions in Song history also occur in Wenxian Tongkao.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[4] Name Practices In Chinese historical works, Roman and Byzantine names were often transliterated into the Chinese language as they were heard by the Chinese.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Occasionally, however, the surname was replaced by the person's native name Daqin (大)


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

For example, for one Roman merchant who visited the court of Eastern Wu Emperor Sun Quan in 226, the name Qin Lun () was used, where Qin refers to Daqin, while the given name Lun used possibly derives from the Greek name Leon [35] during the Han dynasty, the name “Lun” () was pronounced quite unlike in present-day Mandarin Chinese: *liwən/liun or *lwən/luən.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[35] The fact that the surname “Qin” was used from Romans is based on the common practice in China of what names were used about foreigners.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

For example, the name An Shiago might be used from the Parthians, where the “surname” An () referred to the Parthian Chinese name Anxi () and ultimately to the ruler lineage of the Arsacids.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

Among the Sogdians of Central Asia, especially the Sogdians of Bukhara, the surname “An” was also often used, for example Li Bayou was known as An Chongzhang, while Samarkand Sogdial law used the Chinese surname Kang (), referring to the Chinese name Kangju for Transoxiana.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[36] [37] [38] Antoninus Pius or Mark Aurelius Antoninus used the name “An Dun” () in Chinese historical works.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

[18] The surname “An” here coincides with what is mentioned above as used in the Parthians and Sogdians.


Question: Who ruled Rome before Marcus Traianus?

Daq

See also Connections between Rome and China Sources Category:Roman Empire Category:History of China


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki () is an American football team located on both sides of the river of the same name in the South Ostrobothnia province of South Ostrobothnia.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki is one of the fastest growing provincial centres in Finland.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[1] Seinäjoki has a population of 62871 (30 April 2018).


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki was originally a small station village on the Ostrobothnia line, which arose at the junction of the tracks in the outlying village of Ilmajoki municipality.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Before 1959, both Seinäjoki Kauppaala and Seinäjoki Rural Municipality existed, and in 1960 Seinäjoki became one of the first six so-called new cities in Finland.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

From the beginning of 2005, the city of Seinäjoki and Peräseinäjoki Municipality were abolished and merged into a new municipality, which took over the Seinäjoki name and urban designation.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[2] A similar change in the division of municipalities also occurred from the beginning of 2009, with the participation of the city of Seinäjoki, the municipalities of Nurmo and Ylistaro.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[3] On the southern edge of the centre of Seinäjoki, the cityscape is originally dominated by a building group designed by Alvar Aalto, consisting of the Lakeuden Cross Church, the town hall, the two-part main library and the City Theatre.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The city is also known for Tangommarket, Provinssirock, Vauktiajja, floorball team Pelivelji, football club SJK playing in Veikkausliiga and Seinäjoki Jymyjussei, a football club playing in Superpesis.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki is the sixth largest in the country in terms of market area [4] and the eighth in the country in terms of education.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki is a vibrant sports city: Seinäjokelais' teams have achieved Finnish championships in volleyball, American football, baseball, maahockey, floorball and soccer.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Other national-level success disciplines include wrestling, athletics, speed skating, swimming, biathlon and motorsports.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The provincial newspaper Ilkka appears in Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Geography Neighboring municipalities of Seinäjoki are Kauhava to the north, Lapua to the northeast, Kuortane and Alavus to the east, Virrat and Kihniö to the south, Ilmajoki and Kurikka to the west and Isokyrö to the northwest.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

On the southern edge of the centre of Seinäjoki, the cityscape is originally dominated by a building group designed by Alvar Aalto, consisting of the Lakeuden Cross Church, the town hall, the two-part main library and the City Theatre.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[5] There are a total of 27 lakes in the area of the city of Seinäjoki, the largest of which are Elk Lake Reservoir, Kalajärvi and Kyrkösjärvi Reservoir.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[6] The Natura sites in Seinäjoki include the old spruce forests Pelma forest and Nättypii, as well as the marshlands Peränevanholma, Pirjatanneva, Paukaneva and Haukilamminneva.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[7] Subareas with subdivisions and villages 1.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Ylistaro: (Alapää, Asemanseutu, Kainasto, Kirkonkylä, Terämäki) 2.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Kylänpää: (Hanhikoski, Kylänpää, Untamala) 3.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Expanse: (Halkosaari, Kiikku, Kitinoja, Niemeuvosnmaa) 4.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Läntinen: (Alakylä, Huhtala, Jouppi, Jouppila, Kultavuori, Puukinranta) 5.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

City of Finland: (Hallila, Itikka, centre, West Kivistö, Marttila, Pohja, Puucapernaumi, Rengastie, Uppa) 6.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Kasperi: (Hallilanvuori, East Kivistö, Kasperi) 7.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Östermyra: (Tip, Pajuluoma, Simuna, Soukkajoki, Törnää) 8.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Keski-Seinäjoki: (Honkakylä, Lehtimäenkylä, Riskunmäki, Viitala, Ämlänkylä) 9.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Peräseinäjoki: (Haapaluoma, kirkonkylä, Luomankylä) 10.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Kihniä: (Kihniänkylä, Siltala-Juupakylä) 11.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Nurmo: (church village, Kolin, Nurmonjokilaakso, Teppo) 12.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Ruuhikoski: (Huumo, Veneskoski) 13.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Hyllykallio: (Hyllykallio, Capernaumi, Kertunlaakso, Roves, Tanelinranta) 14.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Kuoras: (Kihara, Viitalankylä, Ylijoki) [8] [9] History Prehistory of Seinäjoki The area of Seinäjoki is, like the rest of the province of Southern Ostrobothnia, a former sea floor.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Litorina Sea, which once existed on the site of the present Baltic Sea, covered the territory of the province until 2000 BCE.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Seinäjoki area was located at that time just on the coast of the bay formed by the sea.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Evidence of Stone Age settlement in the area has been found from the same period.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Nearly 50 pieces of Stone Age object finds had been made by 1970.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[10] The discoveries have been mainly axes, chisels and hole stones of the so-called “Bothnian axe type”, made of ray stone shale.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

There have been settlements at that time based on discoveries e.g.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

in the existing areas of Törnää, Hallila and Kivistö, as well as in Katilankylä and Niemistö.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[11] Until the end of the 18th century, the area of Seinäjoki was part of the administrator of Suur-Ilmajoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The keeper also included the present areas of Alavude, Ilmajoki, Jalusjärvi, Kauhajoki, Peräseinäjoki and Kurika, as well as Virtai Kurjenkylä.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In the north—south direction, the length of the keeper was about 80 km and in the east—west direction was about 100 km.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The area without waters was about 4,500 square kilometers.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[12] The village of Suur-Ilmajoki Seinäjoki was formed in the area around the Seinäjoki watershed used as an access route.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The area was quite extensive, approx.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

70 km, so some areas were counted as belonging to other villages, as for example the area of the present Alakylä was calculated to belong to the village of Peltoniemi in Ilmajoki and part of the middle reaches of the river to the village of Röyskölä.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The actual village division was carried out in the Landbook of 1793, when the areas along Seinäjoki were classified as follows: Ala-Seinäjoki, namely the current area of the city of Seinäjoki, Peräseinjoki and Alavuden Peräseinjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[13] Seinäjoki village house number 1557—1700 [14] Annual House Chapter 155731570416087166810170011 Like the rest of Southern Ostrobothnia, the emergence of settlement in the area was rather slow.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

By the end of the Middle Ages there were only 800 houses in the entire region of Southern Ostrobothnia, the vast majority of them in the Kyrönmaa region.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In the Suur-Ilmajoki area, 96 copies of these houses were marked in 1546.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In 1557, the first three houses were marked in the Seinäjoki area, whose owners were Martti Pentinpoika, Matti Juhonpoika and Klemetti Pietarinpoika.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

These houses were most likely those of Marttila, Upa and Joup.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Klemetti Peter's younger son Jaakko founded Jouppila House from his father's house in Joupi around 1570.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Seinäjoki area remained four-house until the first decade of the 17th century.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[15] The 1653 land book mentions Marttila, Jouppi, Jouppila, Uppala and Leppälä as houses in Seinäjoki, the first four of which belonged to the Ala-Seinäjoki region.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Marttila and Uppa were located on the eastern bank of Seinäjoki, between Seinäjoki and Pajuluoma.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Jouppi and Jouppila were located on the opposite bank of the river.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

By the beginning of the 18th century the following development had occurred in the number of houses: 1670 Hallila, founded by Sipi Yrjönpoika, was created next to Upa; 1692 Huhtala, cleared by Risto Tanelinpoika, was born from Upa on the opposite bank of Seinäjoki, 1694 Marttila was formed by dividing Ala-Marttila and Pakkari' or Yli-Marttila, founded in the same year by Matti Jaakonpoika, Myllymäki between Jouppila and Huhtala and in 1692 by Klemetti and Matti Matinpoika between Seinäjoki and Kyrönjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[16] In the 18th century, connections from Seinäjoki to the Ilmajoki church were poor and longer than with Ylinurmo, or the village of Nurmo.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Together with Seinäjokelainen, Nurmolainen built a preacher house in 1725, which led to the formation of the Nurmo Preaching House in 1765.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki, which had started to be called the village of Alaseinäjoki after the big wrath, became part of the preaching house.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Municipally, the village of Alaseinäjoki still belonged to the church and administrator of Ilmajoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Peräseinäjoki Chapel Congregation was founded in 1798, when Alaseinäjoki began to be called Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In the same year, Östermyra ironworks was established on the shore of Tikkukoski.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Swedish name Östermyra of Seinäjoki is no longer in use.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The time of the ironworks Seinäjoki's later central position was greatly influenced by the Östermyra Ironworks founded by Abraham Wasastjerna.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

From 1778 Falander, as he was known at that time, undertook enthusiastic shipbuilding and brokering from Vaasa.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

A lot of timber was needed for this, which was enough in the forests of Seinäjoki and the surrounding area.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[17] Falander started work on the main and side branches of the Kyrönjoki river and the first logs were bathing to Kolkki and Svartöö in spring 1782.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Östermyra Ironworks was established in 1798 and the Seinäjoki region became involved with Falander's sawing operations.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Finnish War period did not leave Seinäjoki untouched, although the locality did benefit somewhat from its remoteness at the time.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

When the attack took place at the end of February 1808, the county lord of Vaasa County told the people of the keepers to gather to decide whether to lay the lifting people.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In Seinäjoki, it was decided, apparently along the lines of the rest of the province, that the man should leave the house for war.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[18] In the Seinäjoki region, the mood towards the war was uneasy, and by way of war, the people would have been prepared to fight the enemy in the manner of great hatred.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The demands of both sides also put a strain on the people in Seinäjoki, which contributed to the Seinäjokels' participation in the Kauhajoki revolt.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Alongside the Ilmajokels, a very central part in the rebellion was played by Tuomas Uppa, a Seinäjokelian who was already stirring up resistance before the revolt.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

After the revolt and after the war turned to victory for the Russians, a decisive turn took place in the popular mood.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Solomon Hannelle, the air leader of the revolt, was hated, and Russian-friendly opinions gained understanding.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In autumn 1808, the required oath of allegiance became quite commonly sworn in Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

On 6 September 1808, Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoevden, the Russian warlord, ordered damages to those affected by the war accordingly.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The claims had to be investigated by the courts, which provoked satisfaction in the people.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[19] Seinäjoki's compensation amount was 648 ricks, 8 killings and 4 runstyks.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The compensation largely encompassed horses and vehicles.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[20] In its entirety, Seinäjoki survived the Finnish war with relatively little damage.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The construction of the railway and the urbanization of Seinäjoki began in the 1850s to separate Seinäjoki from the Nurmo Chapel.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The long and awkward church journey, especially for the sick and elderly, was cited as the reason.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Ilmajoki also wanted to annex Seinäjoki back to the former parent parish.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Despite fierce resistance from the Nurmolians, the Senate accepted the Seinäjokelans' plea to establish their own chapel congregation in 1863.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki received an independent municipal administration in 1868.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In 1900 Seinäjoki became an independent vicar general.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In the 1850s, the first plans were made for the construction of railways and these plans extended as far as Ostrobothnia.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The starting point of the Ostrobothnia line was Tamperetta and in 1862, when the first railway was completed from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna, the direction of the line from the west side of Tampere to Peräseinäjoki was examined.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[21] In the Riksdag of Helsinki (1863—1864), Ostrobothian representatives first raised the transport needs of the province, demanding that the railway be extended to the province.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[22] The issue was discussed in several Riksdag and the Riksdag of 1877—1878 agreed on connecting Ostrobothnia to the railway network.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[23] In 1883, the Tampere—Vaasa railway was inaugurated, passing through Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

This and the Kokkola line opened to traffic in 1885 and the Kristiinankaupunki line completed in 1913 made Seinäjoki an important railway junction station.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In the early 1970s, an oikorata from Tampere to Seinäjoki opened, with which transport links from Seinäjoki were further improved.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

However, in 1968 passenger services on the Kristiinankaupunki line were discontinued.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The old railway station in Seinäjoki was demolished in the late 1960s and a new central transport station designed by Heikki Castrén was completed in 1969, which was, when completed, the second largest railway station building in Finland after Helsinki railway station.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[24] Seinäjoki station area was formed into a built-up community in 1920.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

When the location at the junction of the main line and the second railway line had greatly increased Seinäjoki's church village and the locality had been completed, among other things, the Törnää Hospital in the 1920s, the possibility of converting the church village into a merchant centre began to be explored.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The conversion of the whole Seinäjoki municipality into a merchant settlement was also featured as an alternative, but in 1931 Seinäjoki's church village was divided into Seinäjoki merchant and Seinäjoki rural municipality.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

This division was short-lived, as already in early 1959 Seinäjoki rural municipality was annexed to Seinäjoki Merchant House.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The city Seinäjoki became in 1960.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

After the last wars, Seinäjoki was populated by settlers from Jaakkima and Lumivaara.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The origin of the name In the 16th century, the village formed in the Seinäjoki area was often called the village of Koskenalu, as it was located below Korpikoske in Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The name went out of use by the beginning of the 17th century, and the village was renamed Seinäjoki, which is probably older than the village's name.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

There are many theories about the origin of the name Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

According to one interpretation, Seinäjoki has been the border of enjoyment areas in ancient times.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The possibility that settlers or lot goers from Kangasa would have brought the name with them has also been contemplated.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Tuomo Tuomen's research and folklore attributes the exceptional steep edge of its shores as the origin of the name Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[25] Administration Decision-making The Mayor of Seinäjoki has been Jorma Rasinmäki since 2005 [26].


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The highest decision-making power in the city of Seinäjoki is exercised by a 51-member city council, which decides the financial and financial criteria of the city and the structure of the city's administration.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The City Council also elects the Trustees and the main office holders.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The town council is elected by municipal elections every four years.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[27] The Chair of the City Council is Kimmo Heinonen (ECR)


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

), as 1st Vice-President Kati Ojaniemi (mid.)


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

and Aarne Heikkilä (sd.) as 2nd Vice-President.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[28] Town administration is governed by a 13-member city board.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Its job is to prepare the issues to be dealt with in the city council and to ensure that council decisions are implemented.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The city government also takes care of the overall development of the city, as well as overseeing the operations of the office holders and the financial management of the city.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[27] The Chairman of the Town Board is Pasi Kivisaari (midst.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

), as 1st Vice-President Raimo Ristilä (ECR)


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

and Piia Kattelus (kp.) as 2nd Vice-President.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[29] Boards prepare matters before the City Board or the City Council and take care of the implementation of the decision.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The task of the Board is to take care of the development of its industry and to guide its planning and implementation.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Boards are elected by the city council for the duration of the municipal election term every four years.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[30] Election results Votes cast in the most recent local elections.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[31] (source: YLE, Election Revenue Service) Municipal Joints In 1959, Seinäjoki rural municipality was annexed to Seinäjoki, from which Seinäjoki's merchant farm had been separated in the 1930s.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

On December 31, 2004, the then city of Seinäjoki was dissolved and it was merged with the municipality of Peräseinäjoki to form a new municipality since 1 January 2005.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The new municipality adopted the Seinäjoki name and city designation.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[2] The area of Seinäjoki increased to 603km² from the previous 134km².


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

On 31 December 2008, the then-current town of Seinäjoki, which could only live for four years, was abolished and merged with two other municipalities, Nurmo and Ylistaro to form a new municipality with effect from 1 January 2009.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In the place, a new municipality comprising their then territories was created, taking over the name Seinäjoki and the city designation.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[3] The village of Munakka in Ilmajoki has also expressed interest in joining the town of Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In 2012, residents of the village drew up an adress to annex the village to Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The prepared adress was submitted to both the municipality of Ilmajoki and the Ministry of Finance.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[32] New Seinäjoki has a population of about 58985 inhabitants, which makes Seinäjoki a city of the same size with Rovaniemi, Vaasa and Kotka.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The broadest support for the amalgamation of municipalities was received in Seinäjoki and Ylistaro, while in Nurmo there was sharp opposition to the municipal union, which became apparent, among other things, in the referendum.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Nurmo Municipal Council discussed the issue for four and a half hours before making a decision.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

A significant number of Nurmolainen live in Hyllykallio, which has been formed as a suburb of Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Ylistaro, on the other hand, is more distant from the town of Seinäjoki and was a far less commonly populated agricultural-dominated municipality.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Economy Seinäjoki's retail trade volume is EUR 703 million per year and in motor vehicle trade Seinäjoki is one of the largest in Finland.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[33] One of the largest shopping centres in Finland is planned for Seinäjoki, Ideapark Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[34] In 2012, the City of Seinäjoki and Ikea concluded a letter of intent to implement the IKEA department store, which expired at the end of 2015.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[35] In the area of Ylistaro, Finland's largest barn with space for 600 cows is located.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[36] Major employers Companies: Atria Plc (1,700) SSAB (ex.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Rautaruukki) (400) South Ostrobothnia Osuuskauppa EEPEE (320) Valio Oy (300) SOL Services Oy (250) Ilkka-Yhymmä Oyj (223) Seinäjoen Uusauto Oy (235) ISS Services Oy (170) Anvia Oyj (169) Janita Oy (153) Luoman Puutuote Oy (120) YIT Plc (100) 100) Public employers: City of Seinäjoki (2979) Southern Ostrobothnia Hospital District (2300) Seinäjoki Educational Municipal Corporation Sedu (750) [37] Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences (400, parts of Ilmajoki) [38] Posti (400) VR Group (347) Eskoo Social Services Municipal Corporation (340) South Ostrobothnia ELY (165) Seinäjoki Parish (145) The technology and innovation village of Seinäjoki is called Triano.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Population Seinäjoki is the 17th largest municipality in Finland by population, with a population of 60004, accounting for 30.9% of the population of the province of Southern Ostrobothnia and 1.10% of the total population of Finland (31 July 2013).


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[39] The area of the city is home to approx.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

34000 inhabitants, in the old Peräseinäjoki area approx.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

3500 inhabitants, in the area of Old Ylistaro approx.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

5500 inhabitants and in the old Nurmo district approx.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

12,500 inhabitants.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Evolution of population in the diagram below shows the development of the population of Seinäjoki in the period 1810—2015.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The diagram used the current regional allocation at any given time.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The strong increase in population in 2010 can be explained by the change in the division of municipalities.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

At the end of 2017, Seinäjoki had 62,676 inhabitants, of whom 56,688 lived in built-up areas, 5,666 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of 322 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; Seinäjoki's built-up rate is 90.9%.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[42] The built-up population of Seinäjoki is divided between eight different agglomerations: [43] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The agglomerations marked with an asterisk (*) belong to this city only partially.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Three of the inhabitants of the church village of Ylistaro live on the side of the municipality of Isonkyrö.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Education South Ostrobothnia Summer University of Helsinki Ruralia Institute Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences Seinäjoki University Centre: Sibelius Academy Education Centre Tampere University Continuing Education Centre Seinäjoki University of Vaasa Seinäjoki Unit JAKK Adult Educator and Developer Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Seinäjoki has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [44] Seinäjoki Parish Nurmo Chapel Congregation Peräseinjoki Chapel Congregation Ylistaro Chapel Congregation Finnish Orthodox of the church parishes in the Seinäjoki area is the Orthodox parish of Vaasa.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[45] Former parishes The following list lists the parishes abolished in the historical period in the present area of the city of Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[44] Nurmo Parish (annexed to Seinäjoki Parish 2009) Peräseinäjoki Parish (annexed to Seinäjoki Parish 2005) Ylistaro Parish (annexed to Seinäjoki Parish 2009) Transport Maaways through Seinäjoki pass public roads in different directions: Laihia, Ylistaro, Alavus Jyväskylä (northwest/east) Tampere, Parkano, Jalasjärvi, Lapua, Uusikaarlepyy (south/northeast) Ilmajoki, Kaskinen (southwest) Peräseinäjoki, Virrat (southeast) Peräseinäjoki: Jalasjärvi, Alavus (west/east) Seinäjoki, Virrat (north-west/south) from Ylistaro: Lapua, Alajärvi, Kyyjärvi (east) Isokyrö, Laihia, Seinäjoki (west/south) Ylihärmä (north) Seinäjoki vehicle fleet Situation: 31.12.2009 Railway station, bus station and taxi rank serve as a combined travel centre in Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki can be reached by train from the Vaasa direction in the west, Tampere in the south, the direction of Haapamäki and Jyväskylä in the east and Oulu and Kokkola in the north.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

At Seinäjoki railway station, sections of the Tampere—Oulu main line separates Seinäjoki—Haapamäki, Seinäjoki—Kaskinen and Seinäjoki—Vaasa.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki Airport is located in Ilmajoki and has been maintained since 2016 by Seinäjoki Airport Oy (formerly Rengonharju Foundation).


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The airport was built in 1976 and scheduled services began in 1982.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The field served as the home field for Finncomm Airlines, a Seinäjokel-based company that operates from there to Helsinki five times a day.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Later flights were operated by the Swedish company Direktflyg, which operated the flights for a while until, together with the city of Seinäjoki, announced that the flights were not economically viable, which would cause them to be discontinued.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Regular scheduled flights to Seinäjoki Airport ceased on 28 March 2013.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[46] The twinning towns of Seinäjoki are: Schweinfurt, Germany Kunda, Estonia Kose, Estonia Rakvere, Estonia Sõmeru, Estonia Valga, Estonia Sopron, Hungary Koszalin, Poland Kristinehamn, Sweden Åsele, Sweden Velikije Luki, Russia Alstahaug, Norway Farsund, Norway Thunder Bay, Canada Skagen, Denmark Virginia, Minnesota, United States Orvieto, Italy [47] [48] Culture Today Seinäjoki has a wide variety of cultural events, and especially music offerings are wide throughout the year.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

For example, Rytmikorjaamo is a popular club where Finnish and international artists visit almost every weekend.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki also has several other bars and clubs with very active music activities.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Seinäjoki Philharmonic Orchestra consists of string and wind quintets, so the repertoire focuses on chamber music.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The orchestra performs concerts in the Seinäjoki Hall built for music purposes and collaborates with the Vaasa Philharmonic Orchestra.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[49] Seinäjoki City Theatre offers performances on three stages.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In 2015, it was voted Theatre of the Year in Finland.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[50] Seinäjoki hosts the annual Enthusiast Theatre Summer since 1973.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In 2016, the event moved to be held in Jyväskylä.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[51] In the centre of Seinäjoki there is a three-hall Bio Marilyn, [52] and the cinema Matin-Tupa based in Ylistaro organises the Film and Light Film Festival in autumn.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[53] The Raina Association of Seinäjoki Film Club organises screenings in cooperation with the National Audiovisual Institute.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[54] The big public events in Seinäjoki are focused on spring and summer, when Provinssirock, Tangommarket and Vautyajot are held.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Between 1993 and 2013, the city of Seinäjoki organised a 24-hour cultural event called the Night of Seinäku in May.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[55] The centre of visual arts in the Seinäjoki area is Kunsthalle on the basement floor of the vocational school.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[56] An art museum has long been planned in the city, for example, on the old stone waterfront of Iitikanmäki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[57] The Seinäjoki Artists' Association is connected to the visual artists of the region.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[58] Basic visual arts education for children and young people is given by Art School Oiva.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[59] Sights Expanse Cross


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

A church designed by Alvar Aalto in connection with the Administrative and Cultural Centre; a landmark of Seinäjoki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The Ylistaro Church was designed by Alvar Aalto's administrative and cultural centre Aalto.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Southern Ostrobothnia Provincial Museum in Törnää Conservation Hall.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Alvar Aalto's youth design work, completed in 1925.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The house houses the Patronage Municipality and the Lotta Svärd Museum.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Törnää Church Törnää Tourist Centre Jouppilanvuori artificial mountain and winter sports centre located on it and Kyrkösjärvi artificial lake Seinäjoki City Theatre Monument to Entrepreneurship.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Central traffic station intersection of six roads and five railways Mallaskoski Brewery Events Summer theatre Provinssirock Tangommarketat Pace driving Rhythmikorjaamo Solar Sound Festival NuermoFest Sports Seinäjoki has a lively sports offering and the earliest information about the sport is from sports clubs founded at the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

The oldest sports clubs in Seinäjoki are Peräseinäjoki's Toive, Seinäjoki Maila-Jussit, Seinäjoki Sisu and Nurmon Jymy.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Ball clubs Seinäjokinen balling clubs have played in several sports in the main series, but pesäpallo is one of the most popular sports in the city.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Seinäjoki is also a traditional football city and today it is represented at the main league level by Seinäjoki Football Club, which has emerged as the flagship of Seinäjoki sport and the most followed sports club in the city due to its success at national level.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Men's championships in ball sports have been won by Seinäjoki Maila-Jussit in baseball (4) and volleyball (2), Seinäjoki Peliveljet (3) in floorball, Seinäjoki United (2) and American football by Crocodiles (1).


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

In women's baseball, Maila-Jussit has also won the Finnish championship (1).


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Other main league clubs in Seinäjoki have been Sepsi-78 and TP-Seinäjoki in football, Nurmon Jymy in floorball, Peräseinäjoki's Toive in Pesäpallo, Peto-jussit and Nurmon Jymy, in rink ball Pallo and the Boys and Seinäjoki Kuutoset in volleyball.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Sports venues Food culture Seinäjoki keeper food was named sinsalla or rosolli in the 1980s.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[60] Traditional food is served by Uppala Manor from Seinäjoki restaurants.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

Fine dining restaurant opened in 2012 at the Foothills, and opened by the same owners in 2017 more relaxed.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[61] [62] Other restaurants in Seinäjoki include Hotel Alma's and Hotel Sorsanpesä's restaurants and Sokos Hotel Vaakuna's restaurant Talriikki.


Question: What was the population of Seinäjoki in 2018?

Seinäjoki

[63] See also List of well-known Seinäjokels List of public art works and monuments in Seinäjoki Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alanen, Aulis J.| title = History of Seinäjoki I| publisher = Seinäjoki city| year= 1970}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Köttä, Annikki & Takalo, Tenho| title = History of Seinäjoki II| publisher = Seinäjoki city| year = 1977| id = ISBN 951-99131-5-7}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni Falcone (18 May 1939, Palermo — 23 May 1992, Capaci) was an Italian investigating magistrate who specialized in solving the crimes of the Cosa Nostra.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone's life was similar to that of his friend Paolo Borsellino: both came from a rather poor area of Palermo, made careers as anti-Mafia judges and were murdered by the Mafia within two months in 1992.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

In the same year, their memory was honored by awarding them the Medaglia d'oro al valor civile (golden medal for civilian career work) of Italy for their efforts in the Maxi trial.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

They were also named in Time's November 13, 2006 issue as one of the heroes of the last 60 years.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

[1] Life Background, Childhood and Adolescence Giovanni Falcone was born in May 1939 into a middle-class family of Arturo Falcone and Luisa Bentivegna.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni's father was a chemist who ran a provincial chemical laboratory.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone's parents, as well as the family generally as a whole, were very believing Catholics and patriotic.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

However, they were not politically active, but obedient citizens with a very uncritical attitude towards fascism.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] Giovanni Falcone spent part of his youth near the port area of La Kalsa in his hometown of Palermo, which suffered great damage during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The Falcones once lived on Via Castrofilippo, an apartment previously occupied by Giovanni's great-uncle, then mayor of the city.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

During Palermo's disposal and construction boom, this building, despite several pleas from Falcone's relatives, was demolished in 1959, although the highway planned to replace it was never built.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] Already in La Kalsa's youth, Giovanni Falcone got to know his future colleague, Paolo Borsellino, who lived just a couple of blocks away on Via della Vetriera.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

They used to play football at Piazza Magione in the area.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni's family also attended church every Sunday and Giovanni served as an altar boy as a child for some time.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Both Falcone and Borsellino had direct experiences with the Mafia at a young age, as both had classmates who ended up as mafiosi.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Study time Giovanni Falcone's uncle forged his ID at 17 to volunteer for World War I and died at 18.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni's uncle also died while serving with the Air Force, aged 24.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

After hearing the stories of these relatives, the siblings especially he grew a great sense of patriotism even as a young child.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

After primary education, Giovanni studied for a while at the naval war school in Livorno, after which he moved on to study law.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

During his time at university, Falcone's world of thought changed and his opinions, and his sister Mary, changed with his studies away from Fascism and Catholicism.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Giovanni became a supporter of communism, although he never became a member of any party.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Career After graduating in 1961, Falcone took up work in the industry, and was appointed a judge three years later.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The further his career went, the more he became interested in criminal matters, after first being a provincial judge.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Shortly after the murder of Judge Cesare Terranova, Falcone began work on the investigative side of the prosecutor's office in Palermo.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

In May 1980, agency director Rocco Chinnici appointed Falcone to investigate a large heroin smuggling operation run by Rosario Spatola and Salvatore Inzerillo.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Heroin was smuggled from Sicily to the New York-based Gambino Mafia family, who were related to the Inzerillos.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

In a lawsuit against the Spatola-Inzerillo-Gambino clan smuggling network, Judge Gaetano Costa, who signed 53 warrants, was assassinated on the order of Salvatore Inzerillo on August 6, 1980.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone began using an inventive technique for his investigations, tracking the flow of money, to gather evidence for his case.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

He later became a member of the Palermo antimafia alliance created by Rocco Chinnic.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The alliance was a group of investigative judges who shared knowledge and responsibility among themselves to prevent one person holding all information and becoming the sole target of the Mafia.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

In addition to Falcone and Chinnic, the group consisted of Paolo Borsellino, Giuseppe Di Lello and Leonardo Guarnotta.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] The Maxi Trial Six months before the Maxi trial and just a few days after the funeral of Ninni Cassarà, Borsellino's wife and children, as well as Falcone, his fiancée Francesca Morvillo and his mother were secretly transferred in the middle of the night on a military plane to Asinara Island by prison premises.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Police believed the mob would murder both accusers before they could finish the massive — 8607 pages long — indictment document.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Their safety and the working peace of the last moments were wanted to be guaranteed, so the director of the closely guarded prison provided them with facilities.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone was part of an anti-Mafia faction that, during the pre-trial stage, laid extensive groundwork for the Maxi trial.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

He was also among the chief fixers of the trial, which began on 10 February 1986 and ended on 16 December 1987.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The trial accused 474 mafiosos, 360 of whom were convicted of serious crimes.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The key element in the trial was the testimony of Tommaso Buscetta, the first Sicilian mafioso to become an informant.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

It was Falcone who persuades Buscetta to turn in the Mafia's secrets.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Later, Buscetta said that where other justices pressed him, Falcone treated him with respect.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

During 1988, Falcone collaborated much with Rudolph Giuliani.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Giuliani was the United States Attorney General for the Southern District of New York at the time, and his cooperation with Falcone concerned actions against the Gambino and Inzerillo Mafia families.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Assassination In May 1992, Falcone was killed near Capac, an Italian municipality, while he was on a highway en route from Palermo Airport to Palermo.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

A 350kg cargo of dynamite dug into its roadside was detonated when an armoured Fiat Croma carrying Falcone and his fiancée Francesca Morvillo drove off its spot.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Three police officers were also killed in the blast: Rocco Di Cillo, Antonio Montinaro and Vito Schifani.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The assassination was orchestrated by Salvatore Riina, the “chief of chiefs” of the Cosa Nostra, actions as revenge for dozens of mafiosos convicted by Falcone in the Maxi Trial.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Shortly after the Falcone and Borsellino murders, Riina was arrested and is now serving a life prison sentence for both those murders and several other crimes.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

[3] Another mafioso convicted of Falcone's murder is Giovanni Brusca, Riina's associate who confessed to being the person who set off the explosives.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

[4] Palermo Airport is now also known as Falcone-Borsellino Airport, as a tribute to them.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

A monument to them created by Palermoese sculptor Tommaso Geraci can also be found on the territory of the airport.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Research Methods and Character Many people who worked with Falcone have both marveled and praised his effectiveness.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Barbara Sanzo, the longtime secretary of the Bureau of Investigators, said Falcone came to work at 5:30 a.m., continuing nonstop until 7 a.m. without visiting her home for a food break.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

On leaving work he was as refreshed as he was in the morning, resuming his cycle first thing the next morning.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] Vincenzo Geraci, Falcone's colleague, also told of his work intensity, which continued six or even seven days a week for ten years, producing an immeasurable number of results.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

[2] Falcone's character as well as action divided opinions about him throughout his career.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

People who have worked with him have described Falcone as highly charged, introverted and even rude, albeit by getting to know him and earning his trust he opened up.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

In addition to perfect punctuality, Falcone was also very demanding of himself, also demanding the same qualities from his co-workers.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

With these modes of action, however, he created a staff that was utterly loyal to him.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Private life As Giovanni Falcone returned back to Palermo, his then wife Rita Bonnici announced that she was staying in Trapani for another man.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The situation was made even more awkward by the fact that the other man was Giovanni's superior — Trapani's chief magistrate — which made the issue a talking point in both Trapani and Palermo.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

During this time Falcone immersed himself in his work, learning new areas of legislation.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Falcone films the last years of Falcone's life, the Maxi trial, as well as the assassination are depicted in HBO's 1998 film Excellent Cadavers.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

In the film, Falcone is played by American-Italian actor Chazz Palminteri.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The British release of the film is called Falcone.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The film is based on the book Excellent Cadavers written by Alexander Stille.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The title of the work stems from a term referring to assassinations of high-status people such as politicians and judges.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

In 2006, the Italian television channel RAI broadcast a two-part television film in memory of Falcone.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

In the film, Falcone was played by Massimo Dapporto and his wife Fransesca Morvillo was played by Elena Sofia Ricci.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The work depicts Falcone's life from the mob investigations that began in 1980 until his assassination.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The newly aired film, Capo dei Cap, distributed in six parts by Taodue TV, depicts much of Falcone's life until his death.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Although Falcone is not among the main characters, his part in the film was very important in his death sparking the first revolts against many politicians.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

The apprehension of Mafia boss Toto Riina, partly the result of Falcone's major anti-mafia efforts, is also depicted.


Question: Where did Giovanni Falcone die?

Giovanni Falcone

Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Giovanni Falcone, Marcelle Padovani| title = Cosa Nostra — Judge and men of honor| publisher = Artemisia| year = 1995| id = ISBN 951-97294-0-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alexander Stille | title = Excellent Cadavers| publisher = Vintage| year = 1995| id = ISBN 0-224-03761-7}} Category:Organized crime Category:Italian homicide victims Category:Italian homicide victims Category:People born in 1939 Class:Deaths in 1992


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Nightbustle (Goodyera repens) is a small white-flowered plant belonging to the palms plant.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The species is found in the coniferous forest zone of the Northern Hemisphere.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Appearance and size Like other palm plants, the nightshade lives in symbiosis with the fungal root.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Its rhizome is horizontal and branchy.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The rhizome also leaves abundantly flower-less rosettes.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The stem is hairy and grows to 10—30cm tall.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The green or white-mottled, leathery leaves are rosette against the ground.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The lowest leaves are stalked.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The leaf shoulder is 1—3cm long, oval, thicker and fish-veined.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Rosette leaves can form extensive growths with a suitable habitat thanks to the ground stem that spreads in moss.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The leaves overwinter for two years green.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The upper stem has only scaly upper leaves.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The inflorescence of the nighttime is a 3—7cm long lopsided cob.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The white flower is hairy and its scent is fine suckle.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The lip of the flower is spurless, concave-basal and flat-tipped.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

It takes about ten years to grow up to blossoming.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

In Finland, the species blooms during the blueberry picking period between July and August.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

[1] [2] [3] Occasionally, the species blooms for a second time in late autumn, but these flowers do not have time to produce seeds before the inflorescences are destroyed in frost.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Some of the nighttime rosettes may miss flowering, especially in the year following a dry summer, but in the year after a warm and humid summer, inflorescences are usually abundant on plants.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Although the flowers are incapable of self-pollination, there is a generally good pollination result.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Pollination can be carried out by a wide variety of insects, the most important of which are probably bumblebees.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

[3] Distribution Nightbustle is a species of coniferous forest zone in the Northern Hemisphere.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

In Europe, it is found in places from the British Isles, France and northern Italy eastwards through central Europe and Russia all the way to the Pacific Ocean.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

In the north, the species is found in Fennoscandia and the Baltics as a time common.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

In addition to Europe, night bushes are found in Asia in Japan, the Korean Peninsula, China and the Himalayan Mountains, as well as in North America.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

[4] Nightbustle is probably the most common palm plant in Finland and all of Scandinavia.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

In Finland, night bustling is observed throughout the country.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

The most abundant observations of the species are in central and eastern Finland.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

In northern Finland, it has been found less frequently.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

[5] Habitat Nightbushes grow in old, mossy spruce forests, often in hilly or rocky areas.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

It is quite demanding in terms of its growing environment: the forest must be allowed to grow undisturbed until at least 50 years of age before the nocturnal crop appears on the habitat.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

[1] [2] Sources Kämmekät, Finnish orchids.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Ed.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Korhonen, Mauri & Vuokko, Seppo.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Forssan costing Ltd., Forssa 1987.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Plants of Oulu.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

From Buttermilk to Pilpasuou.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Ed.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Kalleinen, Lassi & Ulvinen, Tauno & Vilpa, Erkki & Väre, Henry.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Finnish Natural History Museum, Plant Museum, Norrlinia 11/City of Oulu, Oulu Region Environment Agency, publication 2/2005.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

University Weight, Helsinki 2005.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Hiking flora.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Ed.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Hämet-Ahti, Leena & Suominen, Juha & Ulvinen, Tauno & Uotila, Pertti.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

Finnish Museum of Natural History, Plant Museum, Helsinki 1998.


Question: What is the most common palm plant in Finland?

Nightbustle

References on the topic in the rest of Category:Palm plants


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Hertta Elina Kuusinen (1945—1950 Kuusinen-Leino,) was a Finnish politician.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen was a member of the People's Democratic League of Finland (SKDL) from 1945 to 1972 and as a minister without portfolio in 1948 in the Pekkala government.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

He was one of the leading communists of his time in Finland.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen lived in the Soviet Union 1922—1934, during which time he joined the Communist Party of Finland (SKP).


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

In 1934, he came to Finland and was imprisoned for most of the next ten years.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

After the wars, communist activities were allowed and Kuusinen rose to reich politics.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen led the SKDL parliamentary group in the 1950s and 1960s and was a major influence in pushing for a number of social reforms.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

She was involved in pushing through child benefit reform, equal pay, a reduction in the working week and maternity leave.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen was elected honorary chairman of SKP in 1972.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen's father was politician Otto Wille Kuusinen.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Biography Childhood and Youth Hertta Kuusinen was born in Luhanga in 1904.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Her father was politician Otto Wille Kuusinen, mother Saima (o.s. Dahlström) was the daughter of a Luhankan manor.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

The first born of the family, Aino Elina, had died, which is why Hertallek was given the second name Elina.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] During the Civil War at the age of 14, Hertta Kuusinen became a socialist.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Otto Wille Kuusinen left for Soviet Russia in 1918 to manage the affairs of the People's Delegation, after which Saima was left alone to care for Hertta and the family's four other children.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

Hertta Kuusinen studied at the Helsinki New Coed School from 1915 to 1918, at the Finnish Joint School in Jyväskylä 1918—1922, and again at the Helsinki New Coed School 1920—1922, for a total of seven classes.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Life in the Soviet Union Kuusinen moved in 1922 to Soviet Russia.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] He became a convivial communist and adopted Russian as his home language.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] He joined SKP in the early 1930s.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] [2] Kuusinen stayed at the Lux Hotel in Moscow along with other arrivals from abroad in the Soviet Union.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

[3] He took courses in the library industry, earned a librarian degree, and worked in libraries 1922—1934.


Question: Where was Hertta Kuusinen born?

Hertta Kuusinen

He studied at the Lenin School from 1930—1932 and taught there 1933—1934.