Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

In ten years (1996—2006), the number of Finnish kendōkos has more than tripled and the number of kendōkos who have reached dan has quadrupled.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Change in the number of annual members per year %-change in the number of kendōn dan-value% of those who have completed kendōn dan level tests in kendōn dan-level tests 100000 Finns 100000 Finns KOHTI1989—201990—751991—701992—1251993—142Finland hosted the kendō European Championship in Turkissa1994—1731995—2361996204—29615,24,00,6Kendolito 10 years1997191-13-6,4421322,03,70,81998186-5-2,648625,83,60,921999219966-5-2,648625,83,60,92199921998186-5 30+4423,752422,64,41,02000333+10344,854216,26,41,02001378+ 4513,5671317,77,31,32002431+5314,076917,68,31,52003454+235,3901419,88,71,72004699+24554,095413,613,31,82005726+273,9104914,313,82,02006660-66-9,112117,312,52,3Cendo union VU20 OTTA2007749+8913,51412018,814,42,72008798+496,51561519,515,02,9Finland hosts kendō European Championships Helsingin 20091135 +33742,21661014,621,23,12010753-382-33,71841824,413,43,42011787+344,3190624,114,63,5Kendounion 25 years2012724-63-8,72051528,313,33,92013—21712— Kendō Belt Graduation In Finland, the Finnish Confederation of Kendo Clubs organises the opportunity to perform in Finland level test kendō's dan values three times a year (approximately every 4 months).


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Graduations in level examinations are organised with the permission of the ECF and according to the requirements of the EKF dan level test.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The dan values performed qualify internationally.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Kyūs can be performed in member clubs of the Confederation of Finnish Kendo Clubs according to FKA rules.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

[2] Finnish dan values in kendō The Confederation of Kendo Clubs of Finland Main article: The Confederation of Finnish Kendo Clubs The Confederation of Kendo Clubs in Finland is an umbrella organization of Finnish kendō clubs.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The Kendolito species range includes kendō, ZNKR iaidō, and ZNKR jōdō.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The federation comprised 19 kendō clubs in early 2007, all of which practiced kendō, but iaidō and jōdō only in some.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The 2013 kendo federation has 31 clubs Members of the Finnish Confederation of Kendo Clubs numbered 660 people at the end of 2006.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

[8] Finnish kendō clubs and kendō groups that serve as divisions in sports clubs, Finland operates both special kendō clubs and kendō divisions in other budō and sports clubs.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Registry- Number (2008) Number of members (2009) Number of members (2010) Number of members (2010) Number of members (2010) Number of members (2011) Number of members (2012) Number of members (2012) Species148.781turku13.04.1988Rendaino RY234355454634Kendō, ZNKR Jōdō149.891helsinki04.11.1988ki-ken-tai-icchi ry272221305201207174kendō, ZNKR iaidō, ZNKR jōdō, Atarashii Naginata154.949tampere28.08.1991Tampere kendo club Fudo kamae ry59628646354Kenddō Ō160.912Hämeenlinna07.06.1994Hämeenlinna Kendoseura JOO KEN KAI RY192933253610Kendō, ZNKR IAIDŌ162.452PORI12.01.1995PORIN Kendoseura DAI KUMA KEN KAI RY254556212941Kendō, ZNKR iaidō, ZNKR Jōdō Activities started on 11 January 1992166.007Forssa03.04.1996Forssan Kendo GO DAI KEN RY—NOT ACTIVE177.689HELSINKI29.910.1996Forssan Kendo GO DAI KEN RY—NOT ACTIVE177.689HELSINKI29.910.1996Forssan Kendo GO DAI KEN RY—NOT ACTIVEUniversity of Helsinki Kendoseura RY293943353823Kendō177.855oulu17.11.1999Oulu Kendoseura HOKUFUU RY673242202522Kendō186.810KUOPIO07.04.2003Kuopio Kendoseura RY234266585146Kendō, ZNKR IAIDō190.137LAHTI20.09.2004 Bay Kendoseur Shi Ken Kai RY434148604233Kendō190.320POESEURA O19.10.2004LeppäVaaran budoseura ry2953383334Kendō, ZNKR Iaidō190.361Tornio27.10.2004Tornion Kendoseura Tenshu Ken Kai RY163243142223Kendō193.698Hyvinkää24.03.2006Hyvinkää Kendoseura ry-2833161314Kendō194.924Turku09.10.2006Turku Higher Education Kendoseura Dai Kenshin Kai Ry344553143527Kendō, ZNKR IAIDŌ196.641JOENJOENJAKENDŌ Suu13.06.2007Joensuu Kendo Society Ry1527161517Kendō163.755Tampere01.02.1995Seigikai ry55446ZNKR iaidō practitioners of Iaidōseigikai ry joined FKA 2007198.862JYVÄSKYLÄ02.07.2008302736ZNKR iaidō, ZNKR jōdō, Kendōfka Member 31.10.2008162.019Nurmijärvi18.11.1994Member of Aikidoseura Kaiten ry-7556ZNKR Iaidōfka 31.10.2008201.996Vaasa26.10.2009Vaasa kendoseura ry-1019915Kendō209.787Seinäjoki26.03.2013Sei Shin Ken Kai ry-6kendōActivities started 2012 FKA member 23.4.2013Registration running Lohja16.05.2013Lohjan Kendoseura — Seido Kan-kendōactivity started 01/01/2013 Applies for FKA Membership (Note, that although the table shows the official registration date of that kendō club, has kendō activity often started in the club even before official registration.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The names of Kendō clubs are written as they are registered in the register of associations.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

[9]) Parent Society Registry NR:OEMOSEURAEMOEURAN REK.PVVÄBased Activities StartedNameNumber of Members (2005) Number of Members (2008) Number of Members (2009) Number of Members (2010) Number of Members (2011) Number of Members (2012) Sorts157.262Kouvolan Budoseura Kaigara ry22.10.1992Kouvolakaigaran Kendōjaosto55525Kendō, ZNKR Iaidō63.263Tapanilan Lot ry05.06.1953Helsinkixx.xx.1997Tapanila Batch Kendojaosto29304026263826Kendō, ZNKR jodō, ZNKR IAIDŌDivision activities on hiatus from 2016 onwards 15.491Mussalon Oras ry02.03.1929Kotka24.01.199823242438Kendō, Sports Chanbara, Suio-ryu Iai Kenpo75.297Kokkolan Jymy25.03.1959Helsinki25.11.2007Kokkolan Jymyn kendōjaos Shi Dai Shi Gō1092No activities 2011no activities 2012Kendō, ZNKR Jodōstarted alongside kendō ZNKR jōdō in September 200991.5Yearearearearearearearearearearre Vikings Ry12.02.1966Helsinki25.11.2007Budovikings (iaidō) 2531192321ZNKR Iaidōbudo Division iaidō practitioners joined FKA 2007100.893Kannus Career RY31.03.1969Spur Career Kendo Division - Katsunin-ken () 12644Kendō, ZNKR iaidō Kendo clubs presentation Rendaino Turku kendōseura Rendaino Turku Ino ry is one of the first kendō clubs in Finland.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Both kendō and jōdō are practiced in Rendaino.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The Ki-Ken-Tai-Icchi Helsinki kendōclub Ki-Ken-Tai-Icchi ry, or KKTI, is the oldest kendō society in the metropolitan area.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

KKTI is the largest kendō club in Finland and one of the largest clubs in Europe in terms of membership and activity.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

In KKTI, kendō, ZNKR iaidō, ZNKR jōdōta and atarashii naginata are practiced.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Kkti-kendō's main instructors were Markus Frey of the 7th dan's kendōka and Mikko Salonen of the 7th dan.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

In addition, there are several 5th dan and 4th dan kendōkas in the club.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Many who have been on the Finnish kendō national team originated from KKTI.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The club has achieved many kendō individual and team swimming championships.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Iaidōta and jōdōta have been actively practiced in the club since the early 2000s.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The practice of Atarashii naginata has been tried since 2009.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Pori Kendoseura Dai Kuma Ken Kai Main article: Pori Kendoseura Pori Kendoseura Dai Kuma Ken Kai ry is based in the city of Pori.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

It offers its members the opportunity to practice kendō, iaidō and seitei jōdō.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The club's activities began on 11 January 1992, when the first kendō elementary course in Pori was held.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

From 2001 until 2009, Ari Lehtinen, who was president of the Society for several years, also chaired the Board of the Confederation of Finnish Kendo Clubs.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Members of the Pori Kendo Society have been seen as members of both the women's and men's kendō national teams over the years.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

It has also had success in the Finnish Championship.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Among the club's members, Kari Ruuhilahti has won SM-gold in 1996 and Ari Kyläniemi in 2005.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Pertti Kyläniemi has finished in the top two of the Finnish Championships in several years and has twice won the prestigious dan cup.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Since the year of the club's founding, the Pori Jazz-Kendoliri, held every summer in Pori, has grown into an international grand camp, now covering iaidō and jōdō as well.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Batch Ken Kai — Tapanila Batch kendōjaos Main article: Batch Ken Kai — Tapanila's Batch Kendō training in Tapanila's Batch started in the fall of 1997, when the first elementary course of Batch Ken Kai kendō division began.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

[10] Nowadays Batch Ken Kai organises kendō elementary courses twice a year.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The more advanced ones train throughout the year during the opening hours of the sports complex.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The average kendō training starter in the batch is a male between 30 and 40 years old, but it has become more common recently for parents to start training together with their children.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Kotka kendo club Gu Do Ken Kai Kotka kendo club was founded by Matti Tulikoura in 1998.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

His advisability allowed the eagles to practice kendo for Saaripirt, whose plank floor and log walls make it ideal for engaging in kendo.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

In its first year, the club was visited by the Japanese Wataru Kondo sensei (at that time kendo 7.dan), who gave the novelty club the name Gu Do Ken Kai, “the sword school of perpetual search and hunger for knowledge”.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The club was chaired between 1999 and 2008 by Jari Heino, who was also a member of the Finnish national team, under whose leadership the Eagles took bronze in the 2001 and 2003 European Championships team series.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Since 2010, Aleksi Laine has been chaired by the club, during which the club has focused especially on information and organised several big kendo events in Kotka (Kyu Cup 2013 and Spring Camp 2014, 2017 and 2018).


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Since 2012, under Jarno Redsven's leadership, the club has also organised kendo exercises for juniors and the Eagles have won Finnish gold in the junior series on several occasions.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Today, in addition to kendo, the club practises Sports Chanbara soft fencing and Suiō-ryū iai kenpō.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Leppävaara budoseura ry Leppävaara budoseura is an Espoo budō club founded on 19 October 2004 and joined the Finnish Kendolfederation in 2006.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Iaidō, kendō, and jōdō are practiced in the club.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The club is based in Leppävaara and is a member club of the Confederation of Finnish Kendo Clubs.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The University of Helsinki Kendoseura The University of Helsinki Kendoseura was founded in 1998.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

It is the first academic kendō society in Finland.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The Kendoseur of the University of Helsinki has several members of the Finnish kendō national team and national team.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Tornion kendōclub Tenshu Ken Kai Tornion kendōclub Tenshu Ken Kai was founded in 2004.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The Tornio kendō club works in partnership with kendō clubs in Oulu and Luleå.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Tenshu Ken Kai is reportedly the northernmost kendō club in the world.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Rovaniemi had kendō activities in 2007-2008, supported by clubs from Tornio and Oulu.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

However, the action stopped with the lack of a local responsible person.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Sei Shin Ken Kai ry Sei Shin Ken Kai ry () is a kendo club operating in Seinäjoki since 2012 and was entered in the register of associations on 26 March 2013.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

The club has applied for membership of the FKA and accepted in spring 2013.


Question: Is kempo a different species than kendō?

Kendō in Finland

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salonen Mikko | title = Nippon kendo kata: introduction to Japanese fencing| publisher = Mikkomies| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-952-92-6894-8}} References elsewhere in Category:Budō Species in Finland Category:Kendō


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars refers to the wars fought between France, led by Napoleon I, and the federations formed by other European countries between 1803 and 1815.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

There had been war between France and the First and Second Federations since the French Revolution, before Napoleon's rise to power, in 1792—1802.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Carl von Clausewitz sought to explain the Napoleonic Wars.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Background Years of Napoleonic Victory 1803—1812 Third Federation The first of the Napoleonic Wars as Emperor of France was a war declared by the United Kingdom in 1803.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

1804 Britain formed an alliance with the Third Federation of Austria, Russia and Sweden.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon defeated Austria at Ulm and Russia and Austria at Austerlitz at the Battle of the Three Emperors in 1805 (Napoleon I, Alexander I and Francis I), but Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated the French and Spanish fleets at Trafalgar and secured Britain domination of the seas.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon also crowned himself King of Italy in 1805 and his brother Louis Bonaparte King of the Kingdom of Holland.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

The Fourth Federation of Prussia, Saxony and Russia formed the Fourth Federation in 1806, but Prussia was beaten as early as October at Jena and Napoleon conquered Berlin a few weeks later.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

The Prussian army and the king retreated to East Prussia, from where resistance was still continued.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon defeated the Russian army at Friedland in June 1807.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon and Alexander I made peace and agreed in the Treaty of Tilsit that Sweden, Denmark and Portugal should also join the British blockade.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Prussia too was forced to forge a peace in Tilsit, where it lost much of its western territories and came under economic sanctions.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

As a result of the Treaty of Tilsit, the Finnish War broke out due to Sweden's refusal to join the English embargo.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Pressured by Napoleon, Russia in 1808 invaded Sweden, capturing Finland and annexing it to the Empire.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

In 1806, Napoleon declared Britain under embargo, known as the Continental Closure.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

In 1807, Napoleon sent an army to Portugal, which refused to participate in the continental foreclosure and finally also installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

In 1808, a French army was sent to put down the Spanish rebellion, but it faced a British army led by Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

War on the peninsula continued until 1814 between British, French, Spanish and Portuguese forces.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Fifth Federation The Fifth Federation was formed in 1809 between the United Kingdom and Austria.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

It collapsed to the Austrian loss at Wagram and warring focused on the maintenance of the naval blockade and continental foreclosure and the Iberian Peninsula.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

To maintain the naval blockade, the War of 1812 was fought between Britain and the United States.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Overthrow of Napoleon 1812—1814 The Sixth Federation The Sixth Federation (1812—1814) was formed between the states of Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Austria and Germany.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

In 1812, the Grande Armée of 600,000 men in France invaded Russia.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

The Russians used scorched earth tactics, but on 14 September Moscow was overrun, and it burned.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Alexander I refused to surrender.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

As the French forces finally withdrew, the army lost 275,000 men and 200,000 were taken prisoner.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

In November, only 10,000 soldiers in fighting condition remained as Napoleon retreated across the Berezina River in Belarus.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

The Italian army also invaded Turkey on 10 September, coming ashore in Albania, but after a month of fighting, the Turks defeated a 178,000-man-strong Italian army in the decisive Battle of Tirana.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

At the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813, French forces in Spain finally broke and retreated across the Pyrenees to France.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Austria and Russia joined the war again.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

On 2 May, France still won the battles of Lützen and on 20 May Bautzen.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon was finally beaten at the Battle of Leipzig 16—19.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

October 1813 between 195,000 French troops and 350,000 Allied troops.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

This was still followed by the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube and the Treaty of Chaumont on 9 March, in which the Allies promised not to enter into a separate peace, with the goal set the ultimate ousting of Napoleon.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Paris was recaptured on 30 March 1814.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

On 6 April, Napoleon attempted to hand over the crown to his son, but to the Allies this did not happen, resulting in Napoleon relinquishing the crown again on 11 April.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Subsequently, the Peace Treaty of Fontainebleau was concluded.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

[1] The Hundred Days Empire Seventh Federation Napoleon escaped from Elba and came ashore in France.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

He caused the troops sent to him to turn to his side and again took control for a hundred days.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon's Hundred Day Empire ended at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815 with the defeat suffered by the Seventh Federation (Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Austria and a number of German states).


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon was exiled to Saint Helena, where he died on 5 May 1821.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Effects After the wars France was subjugated to tough peace terms and French administration was regulated in many ways, for example the size of the army was reduced and France was strictly controlled by neighbouring countries in particular.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Legacy Last Veterans Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (1788—1899) was the last living veteran.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

[2] Louis Victor Baillot (1793—1898) was the last living veteran to fight at the Battle of Waterloo.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Josephine Mazurkewicz (1784—1896) was the last female living veteran.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

Morris Shea (1795—1892) was the last British living veteran.


Question: How many wars did Napoleon wars?

Napoleonic Wars

[3] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nafziger, George F.| title= Lutzen & Bautzen: Napoleon's Spring Campaign of 1813| publisher = Emperor's Press| year = 1992| isbn = 0-9626655-6-8}} References on topic elsewhere * Category:Key to screening Articles


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

The Wheel of Time () is a fantasy book series written by author Robert Jordan and is one of the longest running and most popular book series in current fantasy literature.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Published Aja's Wheel Books One English section corresponds to two or three Finnish languages.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Books in English have appeared in fourteen volumes.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Jordan died in 2007 and was unable to complete his work himself but the final parts were written by Brandon Sanderson based on Jordan's notes.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

A Memory of Light, the final volume of the series, was released in the English language on 8 January 2013.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Karisto decided to stop translating the Wheel of Aja into works written by Jordan himself, so the last parts will not be translated at all.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Jordan also wrote the novel New Spring, preceding the events of the series, and the short story The Strike at Shayol Ghul.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

In addition to that, a non-fiction work has been published about the series, The World of Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

nroengl.years.New Spring20040.New Spring20040.New Spring20081.The Eye of the World19901.Hazards or19962.The Great Hunt19903.Valere's Horn19974.The Dragon Pennant 19983.The Dragon Reborn19915.Tower Secret19986.Callandor19994.The Shadow Rising19927.Dark Shadow19998.Dragon Awaken20009.goldeye20005.The Fires of Heaven199310.The fires200011.Silver Arrow200112.Warlord20016.Lord of Chaos199413.The Lord of Chaos200214.Envoys200215.The Black Tower Men20027.A Crown of Swords199616.Figure200317.Crown of Swords20038.The Path of Daggers199616.Figure200317.Crown of Swords20038.The Path of Daggers199616.Figure200317.Crown of Swords20038.The Path of Daggers199616.Figure818.Winds Bowlho200419.Daggerpath20049.Winter's Heart200020.Heartwinter200521.Nine Moons Daughter 200510.Crossroads of Twilight200322.Twilightroad200623.City of the dead 200611.Knife of Dreams200524.Dreams knife200725.Hands200712.The Gathering Storm200913.Towers of Midnight201014.A Memory of Light2013 Plot The Wheel of Time books tell about the adventures of Rand al`Thor and his friends.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Rand is a regular sheep shepherd from the Twin Streams until his home village is attacked by trolloks, the Dark Lord Shai'tan's half-human and half-animal monsters.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Around the same time, Moiraine Damodred, Aes Sedai, who helps Rand and her friends, Perrin Aybara and Matrim Cauthon, have arrived in the village.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Moiraine has been looking for exactly the same thing as the trolloks and the myrddraals who control them: these three sons whom the Dark Lord wants.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

As the story progresses, it is revealed that Rand is in reality a reborn dragon whose ever-recurring fate is to step up against the Dark Lord in the Final Battle, Tarmon Gaidon.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

The battle has always ended with the victory of one or the other, the Dragon or the Dark Lord, but now the signs show that this could be the last, final battle between light and darkness.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Rand is supported by Perri and her allies wolves, childhood friend Mat and the Asha'mans, male Aes Sedai, as well as some of the female ones.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

He is confronted by the Dark Lord's Chosen, another called the Rejected, the Black Ajah, the Aes Sedai serving the Dark Lord, and the Seanchans returning from beyond the sea, who intend Artur Paendrag Tanreall, the great unifier with the blood inheritance right to reclaim their territories.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

On topic elsewhere.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

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Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

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Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Adam Roberts:.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Punkadiddle on June 25, 2010.


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time


Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

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Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

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Question: What was Robert Jordan's first book?

Wheel of Time

Address to continue the refinement of the series: Category:Key articles in screening


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Saint Sir Thomas More (Latinized form Thomas Morus; 7 February 1478 London — 6 July 1535 London) was an English lawyer, writer, politician and Renaissance philosopher.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

[1] During his life, More gained a reputation as a prominent, learned humanist and held many important posts, including Lord Chancellor from 1529 to 1532.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Morelta derives the word utopia, which is the name given by him to the fictional island nation whose political system he described in his book of the same name, Utopia, published in 1516.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The book criticizes the prevailing society indirectly by giving an example of a rationally organized society.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More is also remembered for his refusal to accept King Henry VIII's position as head of the Church of England.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Because of this, More was eventually executed as a traitor to death.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Pope Pius XII elevated More to sainthood in 1935.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He became a patron saint of statesmen, lawyers and politicians.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The Church of England has commemorated him as a martyr of the Reformation Age since 1980.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Life Early life Thomas More was born in Milk Street in London.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He was the son of a successful lawyer, the judge of King's Bench court, Sir John More.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More was educated at St Anthony's School and later served as a court boy in the service of Archbishop John Morton of Canterbury.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Morton said that More would become “a wonderful man.”


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More attended Oxford University for two years as a member of Canterbury Hall (later merged with Christ Church), studying Latin and logic.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He then returned to London and studied law there with his father.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 1496 he was admitted to a law school called Lincoln's Inn.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 1501 he became a lawyer.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

[1] To his father's displeasure, More seriously considered leaving a career as a lawyer and becoming a monk.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He lived for about four years in a Carthusian building in London and considered joining the Franciscan rule.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More possibly, however, considered himself incapable of celibacy, and decided to marry in 1505.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

However, he continued to practice many ascetic practices, including self-discipline, throughout his life.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He, among other things, wore an uncomfortable hairshirt every day and occasionally flogged himself.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More had four children with his first wife Jane Colt, who died in 1511.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He almost immediately remarried to the rich widow Alice Middleton, who was several years older than him.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

[1] They had no children together, but More raised Middleton's daughter from her earlier marriage than her own.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More provided his daughters with an excellent classical education, though lived through a time when one was usually reserved only for men.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Also in Utopia, all children receive education, regardless of gender.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

[1] Early political career From 1510 until 1518 More served as one of the two deputy titular men of London.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The position was remarkably responsible, and More earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 1517, More entered the service of King Henry VIII as an alderman and “personal servant”.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

After completing a diplomatic voyage to Charles V, Emperor of the Holy German-Roman Empire, More was noblemished and was made sub-vice-general in 1521.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

As secretary and personal adviser to Henry VIII, More contributed considerably to the administration; taking on foreign diplomats, sketching official documents, and serving as an intermediary between the king and his Lord Chancellor, Thomas Wolsey, Archbishop of York.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 1523, More became Speaker of the Lower House of Parliament.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He also later served at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 1525 he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The post included administrative and judicial management of northern England.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Henry VIII's divorcee Henry VIII was married to Catherine of Aragon, widow of his brother Arthur.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

However, when theirs failed to have male descendants and an heir to the throne, Henry attempted to have the marriage annulled, claiming it illegal.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He demanded Cardinal Wolsey petition the Pope to annul the marriage, but the pope did not agree to the demands.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Henry forced Cardinal Wolsey to relinquish the office of Lord Chancellor and appointed More to his seat in 1529.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Thereafter, Henry began to favour the Protestant emphasis that the Pope was merely Bishop of Rome and had no authority over the entire Christian Church.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More, who had always been entirely devoted to the king and the cause of royal prerogatives, initially accepted the king's new policy.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He dismissed Wolsey from Parliament and favoured the opinion of Oxford and Cambridge theologians that the King's previous marriage had been illegal.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

However, when Henry denied papal authority, More's doubts grew.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The Campaign Against Protestantism More felt that the rise of Protestantism constituted a major threat to the social and political order of Christian Europe.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

While serving as Lord Chancellor, he wrote several works in which he defended Catholicism and supported the anti-heresy laws in force.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

His main concern was to root out the supporters of William Tyndale, a Lutheran exiled.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Tyndale had in 1525 published a Protestant English translation of the Bible.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The translation was disseminated in England underground.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More has been considered to have been the backdrop to the Defense of the Seven Sacraments, published by Henry VIII in 1521.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Pope Leo X gave the king for this in 1521 the designation of Fidei defensor, “Defender of the Faith”.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Martti Luther's response to the piece has been criticized due to the ad hominem attacks Luther uses.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Most of More's early religious works were written on the commission of Henry VIII and his closest supporters, as part of the King's campaign against Lutheranism.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Resignation In 1530, More refused to sign a letter in which England's leading churchmen and aristocrats asked the Pope to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 1531, he attempted to resign because he had been forced to swear an oath declaring the king as head of the Church of England.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 1532, he asked the king again to relieve him from office, claiming to be ill and suffering from severe chest pains.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

This time Henrik agreed.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Trial and Execution The last nails in More's coffin were struck in 1533 when he refused to attend Anna Boleyn's coronation as Queen of England.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Soon after this, More was charged with taking bribes, but the clearly trumped-up charges had to be quashed for lack of evidence.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 1534, he was accused of conspiring against the divorce of Elizabeth Barton, the king with his prophets, a nun.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

However, More introduced a letter stating that he would have advised Barton not to interfere in state affairs.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

On 13 April 1534, More was asked before a commission to swear his obedience to Parliament's decree of succession to power.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More accepted the right of Parliament to declare Anne the legitimate Queen of England, but she refused to take the oath because the decree contained an anti-papal preamble which denied papal authority and allowed Parliament to make statutes on religious issues as well.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More could not accept this.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Four days later he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he wrote his devout piece Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

On July 1, 1535, More went on trial.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Judges included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, and Anne Boley's father, brother and uncle.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He was accused of denying the decree of succession to power.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More believed that he could not be convicted if he did not deny the king's status as head of the church, and therefore refused to answer any related question.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Thomas Cromwell, who was by that time one of the king's most influential advisers, procured the lawyer Richard Rich to testify that More had, in his presence, denied the King's position as head of the church.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

This testimony was in all likelihood oathless (witnesses Richard Southwell and Mr Palmer both denied hearing details of the alleged conversation), but the court voted More guilty.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

[2] Before his sentencing, More spoke freely of his belief that “no earthly man can be the head of the spiritual.”


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He was sentenced to death by hanging, pulling and dismembering, which was a common sentence for traitors.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

However, the king exchanged this for a beheading verdict.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The execution took place on 6 July.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More's body was buried in the Tower of London in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

His head was placed on London Bridge for a month.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

It was rescued by his daughter Margaret Roper before it could be dumped into the River Thames.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The skull is believed to rest in Roper's crypt at St Dunstan's Church in Canterbury.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

[3] Works More combined his diverse political life with extensive doctrinal and literary production.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

His writings brought him a considerable reputation in continental Europe as a Christian humanist, and his friend Erasmus Rotterdamite dedicated his most famous work Praise of Stupidity to him.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The title of the work is even a pun on More's name, as “stupidity” is moria in Greek.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Erasmus also portrayed More as a model of intellectualfor example, in contact with other European humanists.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The Joint Humanist Project of Erasmus and More sought to reform Christian theology through a new study of the Bible and Church Fathers writings in light of the classical Greek literary and philosophical tradition.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More and Erasmus co-produced a Latin translation of Lukianos' work.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

It was published in Paris in 1506.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

[1] History of King Richard III Between 1513 and 1518, More wrote an unfinished work on The History of King Richard III, which greatly influenced William Shakespeare's play Richard III.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Both More's and Shakespeare's works evoke contradictions in contemporary historiographers, as they give a very exaggerated negative image of the king, due at least in part to the authors' obedience to the Tudor family, which had stripped Richard of the crown at the end of the War of the Roses.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

However, More's work makes little mention of Henry VII, the first king of the Tudor line, possibly because of Morella's resentment towards him from his earlier political career.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

A central theme of the work is More's suspicion of the monarchy's excessive authority.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

While the physical depiction of Richard III is not flattering, it is merely a Cicerean way of portraying the enemy as physically unpleasant—in which case tyranny is primarily described, not merely tyranny.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More criticised Richard's unfettered autocracy, the same tyranny he also saw in Henry VII and possibly wanted to warn the new king Henry VIII of similar actions.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Utopia In 1515, More wrote his most famous work, Utopia.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In the book, a fictional journeyman, Raphael Hythlodaeus, explains the political system of the utopia state.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In the book More compares the lives of Christian European states to that of a non-Christian and perfectly orchestrated utopia.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In Utopia, there is no private property and almost total religious tolerance prevails in the country.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Similarities to the thinking of Karl Marx and many other later socialists have been seen here.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More's way of approaching the issue through an imaginary state is likely a premeditated way that allowed talking about controversial issues freely.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

It is unclear what the true relationship of More's political thinking is to the utopia he describes.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

He was a devout Catholic, so he was hardly a supporter of Utopia as such.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

It has been speculated that the utopia might have been driven by a view of early Christian community life, mediated through Acts.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The Utopia work was not well known during More's lifetime, but was only discovered after his death.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Influence and reputation The unwavering with which More held to his religious views even in the face of death, and his dignified conduct during his imprisonment, trial and execution contributed much to More's post-death reputation, especially among Catholics.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Pope Leo XIII declared More blissful in 1886, and he was proclaimed a saint along with John Fisher in 1935 as a result of a mass petition by English Catholics.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Their joint memorial day is June 22.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In 2000, Pope John Paul II declared St. Thomas More the patron saint of statesmen and politicians.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

[4] More's condemnation of treason was widely seen as unfair, including among Protestants.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

His friend Erasmus Rotterdamite, who sympathised with the reform movements within the Church, declared after More's execution that he was “cleaner than any snow” and that his genius was “one that England never had before and will never have again”.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More was portrayed as a wise and honest statesman in the play Sir Thomas More, completed in 1592, which was probably written in collaboration with Henry Chettle, Anthony Munday and William Shakespeare.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Only fragments of the play have survived because it was censored by Edmund Tylney, the Jubilee Master of Elizabeth I's administration.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Catholic author G.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

K. Chesterton said that More was “the greatest historical person in English history”.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In the 20th century, the influential agnostic-playwright Robert Bolt portrayed More as a person with an extremely strong conscience in his play A Man for All Seasons.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The name is borrowed from Robert Whittinton, who wrote in 1520 that More had been endowed with “the intellect of an angel and uncommon erudition” and to have been “a man for all times”.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

The play was made into a 1966 Oscar-winning film of the same name directed by Fred Zinnemann, in which Paul Scofield starred as More.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

In Karl Zuchardt's novel Stirb Du Narr!


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

More was presented as an idealist doomed to lose a power struggle with a ruthless ruler and an unjust world.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

As the author of Utopia, More has also won the admiration of socialists on his side.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Where Catholic authors hold that More's attitude in Utopia was mainly ironic and that he was an orthodox Christian in every respect, the Marxist theorist Karl Kautsky argued in his work Thomas More und seine Utopie (“Thomas More and his Utopia”, 1888) that Utopia was pre-modern A sharp critique of economic and social exploitation in Europe, and that More was one of the central figures in the early development of socialist ideas.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

A group of modern writers, including Richard Marius, have attacked More, accusing this of religious fanaticism and intolerance, which was evident in the persecutions of heretics he carried out, among other things.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Jasper Ridley went even further, describing More as a “particularly loathsome sadomasochistic pervert” in his book The Statesman and the Fanatic.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

This was continued by Joanna Denny in her biography of Anne Boleyn.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Other writers, such as Peter Ackroyd, have viewed More more sympathetically, both as a sophisticated humanist and a scholar, as well as a devout Catholic who believed in the necessity of religious and political authority.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = More, Thomas| title = Utopia| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1998| version = (De optimo statu reipublicae deque nova insula Utopia, 1516.)


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Translated by Marja Itkonen-Kaila with introduction and explanations.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

5th edition (1st edition 1971).


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Quality Books| id=ISBN 951-0-16890-4}} Sources William Roper: (by More's son-in-law n.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

1555, first printed in 1626 at the Princesse de Craon: Thomas Morus, Lord Chancelier du Royaume d'Angleterre au XVie siècle (first edition in French 1832/1833, in Dutch 1839/1840) E.E.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Reynolds: The Trial of St Thomas More, (1964) E.E.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Reynolds: Thomas More and Erasmus, (1965) Richard Marius: Thomas More: A Biography (1984) Peter Ackroyd: The Life of Thomas More (1999) References on the Subject Elsewhere - includes a number of More's works, including dialogues, early poetry and letters, as well as articles and biographical material Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

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Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

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Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

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Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

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Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

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Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer


Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

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Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

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Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

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Question: When was Thomas More born?

Thomas Morer

Category:English philosophers Category:English writers Category:British politicians Category:British saints Category:Renaissance philosophers Category:Those born in 1478 Class:Those who died in 1535


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Functionalism (from the Latin word functio 'function, task'; colloquially also funkis or funkkis) is a stylistic orientation in architecture and design, as well as a method of modern architecture and design, according to which a building or object should be designed so that its parts serve each as possible very specific purpose.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Thus, for example, such a decoration that does not have a practical function should be completely pruned from the design.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

The idea of functionalism was summed up by American architect Louis Sullivan as early as 1896 by stating that “purpose dictates form”.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Later, Le Corbusier called the dwelling house “a machine in which to live.”


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Functionalism evolved as a reaction to the refresher styles of the early 20th century that mimicked and combined styles of earlier eras.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Functionalism's heyday dated back to the 1920s and 1930s, when its most prominent representatives were Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, the Dutch group De stijl, and architects Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto, the architects Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Functionalism left an indelible mark on modern building art of the later 20th century and contemporary.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Style Functionalism led to a simplification of forms and a better fit of furniture and parts of buildings for mass production.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

It offered a response to the post-World War I housing shortage and slummed box blocks changing into light-filled, similarly placed lamellar flats.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Reinforced concrete became a popular material from which pillar frames and flat roofs typical of European functionalism were made, among other things.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

When load-bearing pillars were placed in the interior of the building, the facade of the building could, for example, be lined along the entire length with ribbon windows.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Other hallmarks of functionalism are large and flat, glass and plastered surfaces that appear intangible, and angular, box-like and horizontally weighted forms.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Functionalism in the Nordic countries functionalism developed on the basis of an international blend of functionalist style and classical decorative motifs, 1920s classicism.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

The transition from 1920s classicism to functionalism was neither sudden nor complete; the style was gradually reduced as the 1930s approached.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

In the Nordic countries, functionalism gained perhaps more ground than in the rest of the world.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

In particular, Finland and Denmark had several architects and designers of international importance.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Where in the rest of Europe the stylistic trend was called neofacial, rational, international or functional, it received the generic term functionalism or funkis (a term originating from Swedish) in the Nordic countries.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

The pioneers of functionalism in Finland were the young knee architects of the 1920s Alvar Aalto, Erik Bryggman, P. E. Blomstedt and Hilding Ekelund.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Turku became the base of a new trend, whose 700th anniversary exhibition Alvar and Aino Aalto and Bryggman made a manifestation of modernism.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

The first realized functionalist buildings designed by Aalto were the Turun Sanomat office building (1928—1930) and the so-called Standard Rent House on Turku's Läntinen Pitkäkatu (1927—1929) Aalto's later buildings, such as Paimio Sanatorium (1929—1933), Vyborg Library (1935) and Villa Mairea (1938—1939), were the cornerstones of the international success of Finnish architecture.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

In Finland, as elsewhere in Europe, functionalism also meant a way of zoning in which a city is divided into functional, or functionalist zones.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

For example, work, housing, recreation and transport were aimed at placing everyone in their own areas [1].


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Tampere Kaleva is one of the most cohesive and extensive districts in Finland designed according to the zoning principles of functionalism [2].


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

There are few other functional-style neighborhoods in Finland, unlike Sweden and Denmark.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

[3] Nakkila Church, drawn by Erkki Huttunen, is the first functionalist church in Finland.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

[4] Kannonkoski Church is also pure representatives of the stylistic direction.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

[5] In the 1930s, the central cooperative movement SOK spread a functionalist style to the centres of many cities and church villages with the introduction of new cooperative shop buildings, many of which were designed by architect Erkki Huttunen.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

[6] Denmark Functionalism can be considered to have arrived in Denmark in 1930 as a wing of the then Stockholm Exhibition.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Inspired by Le Corbusier, Mogens Lassen built several functionalist small houses in Klampenborg in the 1930s.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

However, the most important name in Danish architecture was Arne Jacobsen, who, along with several housing blocks, designed furniture that rose to fame.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

In the 1960s, several huge residential complexes were built on the ground in the spirit of functionalism.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Functionalist buildings Georg Fasting, Telephone booth 1932, Oslo.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Arne Jacobsen, Bellavista, 1934, Copenhagen, Denmark.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Paavo Riihimäki, villa built by SOK, 1934 Vaajakoski.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

[7] Kalle Lehtovuori, Barracks (Lamellikasarmi), 1935 Niinisalo Garrison, Kankaanpää.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Walter Gropius, Hansaviertel, 1952, Berlin.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Arne Jacobsen, Royal Hotel, 1960, Copenhagen, Denmark.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Alvar Aalto, Auditorium of the University of Technology, 1965, Espoo, Finland.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Minoru Yamasaki, World Trade Center (Center for World Trade), 1966-1977, New York, USA.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Bellavista Klampenborg Denmark.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Arne Jacobsen in 1934.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Bellavista Klampenborg Denmark.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Arne Jacobsen in 1934.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

The main church in Varkaus is the Evangelical Lutheran Church representing functionalism.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Martti Paalanen in 1939.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

The Orthodox Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Jyväskylä can be said to represent a functionalist style.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

Toivo Paatela 1954.


Question: When did functionalism come into existence?

Functionalism

See also Brutalism Sources On topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Category:Architecture trends Category:Modernist architecture Category:Key to screening Articles


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa (, from 1855—1917 officially the City of Nicholas) was an English city and Ostrobothnian footballer located on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, in the province of Ostrobothnia.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa is a university town and a major centre of Finnish-Swedish culture.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa was one of Finland's most prominent and largest cities in Finland in the early part of the 20th century.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Senate of Finland served in Vaasa at the time of the Civil War from 29 January to 3 May 1918, and the city served instead of Helsinki as the temporary capital of Finland for that period.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The town has a population of, [1] of which Finnish-speakers make up%, Swedish speakers% and other%.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

There are 3604 foreign citizens living in Vaasa and they make up 6.0% of the population.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa is an exception in language relations in its environment: in the neighbouring municipalities of the unitary area containing the city centre, Swedish-speakers are majority, and more than half of the inhabitants of the entire modern province of Ostrobothnia are Swedish-speaking.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In contrast, Isokyrö and Laihia, which are limited to the Vähänkyrö exclave, are Finnish-speaking.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa has 12000 higher education students and 4000 vocational school students.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[2] Neighbouring municipalities of Vaasa are Isokyrö, Laihia, Maalahti, Mustasaari and Vöyri.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

History Charles IX founded the town of Mustasaari on 2 October 1606 on an old trading and port site in Mustasaari's church village, present-day Old Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa received its present name and coat of arms according to the ruler family of Vaasa in 1611.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[3] Along with Oulu, Vaasa was another important centre for the tar trade in Ostrobothnia.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The tar trade gained further momentum when Vaasa gained the right to trade abroad with the advent of clap rights in 1765.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The outer harbour of the town was then on Palosaari, the town itself was no longer a shallow canal.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Next to the town was the Korsholma King's Manor, from which the Ostrobothnian castle sounds were controlled.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In 1634, Vaasa became the capital of the County of Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Gustav III established the Second Finnish Court of Appeal in the city in 1776.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Trivial School (later Vasa Övningsskola) was moved from Uustakaarlepyy to Vaasa in 1783.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The first public library of Finland was established in Vaasa in 1794.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

An industrial school was established in Vaasa in 1848.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The joint church of the keeper of Vaasa and Mustasaari had been built in the middle of the 14th century.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

It was expanded in the late 17th century.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In the 18th century, the church was transformed into a cross design and a belfry was built next to it.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

On 3 August 1852, Vaasa burned down: only the Wasastjerna House, built between 1780 and 1781, and the Court of Appeal building from 1786 survived from the city centre.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The ruins of the church, town hall, bell tower and trivial school are still visible in Old Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Wasastjernan (ex.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Falander) houses a museum, the then main building of the Court of Appeal is now Mustasaari Congregations' Church.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Opposite the former Court of Appeal is Korsholma Hill, on which Chryssenborg Castle was founded in the 14th century.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

At the time of the fire, a new county government building and a landlord's residence were under construction there.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

After a fire in 1862, the town was moved about seven kilometres to its present site northwest closer to the sea (latitude N63° 06', longitude E21° 37') to the promontory of Klemettilä (Klemetsön).


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

From 1855 to 1917, Vaasa's official name was Nikolaistad (Nikolainkaupunki) after the late Grand Duke, Nicholas I.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

At the beginning of the Finnish Civil War, the city passed to white control with the takeover of Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Some of the members of the Senate moved to Vaasa and formed the Senate of Vaasa, which held office from 29 January — 3 May 1918.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa was the capital of so-called white Finland at the time.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In early May 1918, the Senate was the Vaasa City Hall, and in thanks for this, the Senate granted the city an augment, the right to attach an augment to Vaasa's coat of arms with the Grand Cross of Liberty with swords.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa used to be a busy car ferry service to Sweden until 2000.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

This traffic was mainly carried out by Vaasanlaivat.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Shifts from Vaasa were to Umeå, Sundsvall and Örnsköldsvik, among others.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In 2006, RG Line ran one daily shift to Umeå.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Ostrobothnia Jääkäri Battalion (PohmJP) 1945—1964 and the Vaasan Coastal Patteristo (VAARPSTO) 1952—1998 were active in the city.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Cityscape Panoramic view of Vaasa market Climate The climate of Vaasa is very similar to the rest of the southern and central parts of Finland, although due to the proximity to the sea, milder than in many other localities of the same latitude.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Baltic Sea and southwesterly winds warm Vaasa's climate more in winter than the interior of the country.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Average temperatures in winter months are several degrees higher than in Jyväskylä or Kuopio, for example.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Due to the milder winter, the average temperature throughout the year is also high relative to the latitude, the same as in the hinterland of southern Finland.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In Vaasa, the coldest month of the year is February rather than January, unlike inland, which is often explained by the warming effect of the still molten sea in early and mid-winter.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The climate of Vaasa is also influenced by the föhn wind in the Skandic Mountains, which can raise temperatures surprisingly in winter.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In addition, the föhn wind reduces cloudiness.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In Ostrobothnia, the föhn wind occurs about five times in winter, but in some winters it has not occurred at all.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[4] In summer, Vaasa's climate is comparable in average temperatures to other localities in the central part of the country.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Admittedly, the proximity to the sea equalizes intra-day temperature fluctuations.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Rarely on the coast, a heel readings as high as inland are measured.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

On the other hand, nighttime temperatures are often higher inland.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

As the sea warms, hallas no longer typically occur in July and August.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[5] Vaasa is often referred to as the sunniest city in Finland.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

There is no evidence of this, as no more measurements can be obtained from Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In any case, coastal areas get more hours of sunshine than inland.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[6] Often in late spring and early summer, the cold sea prevents cloud formation, but on the other hand cools afternoon temperatures along the coast under the influence of sea breezes created by the temperature difference between land and sea.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Sea breeze extends along the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia up to 50 kilometres inland.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[7] In summer, Vaasa also receives the most abundant rainfall.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The rainiest months of the year are July, August and October.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Thermal spring begins in Vaasa on average at the end of March and thermal summer in late May.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[8] [9] Thermal summer lasts on average until half of September, when thermal autumn begins.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[10] Thermal winter begins on average in mid-November.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[11] The thermal growing season lasts on average from late April to late October.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[12] [13] First snow is received in Vaasa on average at the beginning of November and permanent snow cover by mid-December.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[14] [15] Uniform snow cover will disappear by mid-April.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[16] The average annual temperature in Vaasa as measured at the airport for the period 1981—2010 was 4.2°C.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The average highest temperature during that period was 7.9°C and the average lowest temperature was 0.2°C.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The heat record in Vaasa is 33.7°C measured at the Meteorological Institute's Klemettilä Weather Observation Station on 18 July 2018.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa's frost record, −38.6°C, was measured on 3 February 1966.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa Airport's largest century volume of 708mm dates back to 1981.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

An average of 556mm of rain per year.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

On 14 March 1981, the snow depth was measured at a record 93cm in Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

During the winter of 1974—1975, the snow cover period lasted only 18 days on the coast in Vaasa (9—27 February).


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

During heavy snowy winters, such as 1965—1966 and 1980—1981, the snow cover period has been 165—170 days in Vaasa, lasting from November 10 to April 25—30.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

until the day.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[5] For statistical purposes, Vaasa is divided into sub-regions and these are further small areas.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[17] The accompanying list contains the population figures for the major regions for 2013.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[18] Downtown Sub-area (14000 inhabitants): 1.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Downtown | 2.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Hietalahti Vöyrinkaupunki Sub-Area (3100 as.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 3.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vöyrinkaupunki | 4.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Klemettilä Vaskiluoto Sub-area (360 p.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 5.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Port | 6.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Sugar | 7.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Niemeläntie Palosaari Sub-Area (5700 p.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 8.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

University | 9.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Onkilahti Beach | 10.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Sunti | 11.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Palosaari Center | 12.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vikinga Gerby Sub-Area (10600 p.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 13.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Isolahti | 14.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Drawstring | 15.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Western Forest | 15.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Old Gerby | 16.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Kortelaakso | 17.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Lillby | 18.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Pukinjärvi | 19.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Your Rajarinne | 20.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Gerby Cape | 21.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Gerby | 22.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Västervik | 23.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Gerby Archipelago Kotiranta Subarea (4300 as.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 24.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Gustaala | 25.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Home Beach | 26.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Forest Rock | 27.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Böle Huutoniemi Sub-Area (8600 p.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 28.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Brother-in-Arms Village | 29.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Purola | 30.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Huutoniemi | 31.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Teeriniemi | 32.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Melaniemi Ristinummi Subarea (7600 p.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 33.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Alkula | 34.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Haapaniemi | 35.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Old Vaasa | 36.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Cross Nummi | 37.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The old port Höstvesi Subarea (400 as.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 38.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Cloudpond | 39.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Höstvesi | 40.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Rassor Suvilahti Sub-area (3900 a.s.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 41.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Higher Heights | 42.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Suvilahti Sundom Sub-Area (2400 p.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 43.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Yttersundom | 44.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Översundom | 45.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Sundom archipelago Vähänkyrö Subarea (4600 p.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

): 46.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Sea Arc | 47.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Church Village | 48.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Tervajoki Tauramat At the end of 2017, Vaasa had 67,392 inhabitants, of whom 65,906 lived in agglomeration areas, 1,018 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of the place of residence of 468 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose coordinates of residence are known; the agglomeration rate in Vaasa is 98.5%.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[19] The agglomeration population of Vaasa is divided between seven different agglomerations: [20] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The agglomerations marked with an asterisk (*) belong to this city only partially.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The central district of Vaasa and the conurbations of Merikaarro and Sundom also extends partly to the territory of the municipality of Mustasaari, as well as the Vähänkyrö Kirkonkylä area of Isonkyrö municipality.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The church village of Laihia extends mainly into the territory of the municipality of Laihia.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Tervajoki has grown together with Vähänkyrö church village.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Vaasa has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [21] Vaasa Finnish parish Vähänkyrö parish Vasa svenska församling These parishes form the Vaasa parish group ().


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Among the parishes of the Finnish Orthodox Church in the Vaasa region, the Orthodox Congregation of Vaasa operates.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[22] Municipal Affairs Decision-making The Mayor of Vaasa has been Tomas Häyry since 2011.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[23] The administration of Vaasa consists of a group administration headed by Mayor Häyry and three branches (education, social and health and technical industries).


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[24] Town administration is governed by an 11-member city board.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Its job is to prepare the issues to be dealt with in the city council and ensure that council decisions are implemented.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The city government also takes care of the overall development of the city, as well as overseeing the operations of the office holders and the financial management of the city.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[25] The City Board is chaired by City Councilor Kim Berg (sd.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

), as 1st Vice-President Marko Heinonen (ECR)


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

and as 2nd Vice-President Harri Moisio (left).


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[26] The City Council of 59 representatives of Vaasa leads the administration of the municipality according to the strategy it has adopted.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

As of the 2017 municipal elections, the parties in the City Council have the following: Swedish People's Party with 18 seats, Social Democratic Party of Finland 13 seats, National Coalition 10 seats, PerusFinns 6 seats, Greens 4 seats, Left Alliance 4 seats, Christian Democrats 2 seats and Downtown 2 seats.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The City Council is chaired by City Councillor and MP Joakim Strand (r.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

), Anne-Marie Viinamäki, 1st Vice-President (ECR)


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

and Jukka Mäkynen as 2nd Vice-President (p.).


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[27] The youngest member of the council is Tommi Mäki ([1992)] and the oldest member Raimo Rauhala (sd., p. 1939) 2017 The number of councillors in Vaasa was lowered to 59 due to the law change.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[28] Boards prepare matters before the City Board or the City Council and take care of the implementation of the decision.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The task of the Board is to take care of the development of its industry and to guide its planning and implementation.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Boards are elected by the city council for the duration of the municipal election term every four years.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[29] Population The city has a population of, [1] of which Finnish-speakers are%, Swedish speakers% and other%.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa is an exception in language relations in its environment: in the neighbouring municipalities of the unitary area containing the city centre, Swedish-speakers are majority, and more than half of the inhabitants of the entire modern province of Ostrobothnia are Swedish-speaking.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In contrast, Isokyrö and Laihia, which are limited to the Vähänkyrö exclave, are Finnish-speaking.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

At the end of 2011, there were 3604 foreign citizens living in Vaasa and they make up 6.0% of the population.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[33] Vaasa's comparatively large number of foreign speakers is due to the fact that the city also has a large number of foreign students from Vaasa University of Applied Sciences and University.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The following graph shows the population trend of the town every five years since 1980.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The division of municipalities used is in line with the situation on 1 January 2017, i.e. the figures include residents of Vähäkyrö, which was annexed to Vaasa at the beginning of 2013.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

According to Statistics Finland's 2012 population projection, Vaasa would have 69,803 inhabitants in 2020, 73,667 inhabitants in 2030 and 76,450 inhabitants in 2040.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The population of the municipality of Mustasaari, which is part of the Vaasa region, which is located between Vaasa and Vähänkyrö exclave, is also projected to increase.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The population of Mustasaari (change 2011-2040 28.2%) is projected to grow more strongly than Vaasa (change from 2011 to 2040 by 17.3%).


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[34] Education at universities and universities of applied sciences in Vaasa is approximately 12000 students.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa has its own university as well as institutions from other universities.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Universities University of Vaasa University of Helsinki Law School Svenska handelshögskolan Åbo Akademi, Faculty of Education and Welfare Yrkeshögskolan Novia Vaasa University of Applied Sciences Western Finland Centre of Design Muova, nowadays Vaasa previously managed by the University of Applied Sciences as part of Aalto University.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vocational Schools Vaasa Vocational College Vaasa Adult Education Centre Yrkesakademin i Österbotten High Schools Vaasa Lyceum High School Vaasa Rudolf Steiner School Vasa Gymnasium Vasa Övningsskolas gymnasium ml.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

International Baccalaureate line JAKK Adult educator and developer Economy Vaasa is generally an industrial city with several industrial areas such as Strömberg Park.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa specializes in the energy industry.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Energy companies in the Vaasa region have 11 000 employees, or up to a quarter of Finland's total energy workforce [35].


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

A quarter of the jobs are in manufacturing.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Many workers come to work from circumference areas such as Mustasaari or Laihia.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In addition to industry, major employers include the numerous educational institutions in Vaasa, such as primary schools, vocational schools, high schools, Vaasa University of Applied Sciences, University of Vaasa, and Swedish-speaking Novia, Hanken and Åbo Akademi.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa Central Hospital is the main hospital of the entire province of Ostrobothnia.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The value of exports to the Vaasa region is approximately EUR 4 billion on an annualised basis [36].


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Seven per cent of Finland's exports and 12% of Finland's technology exports leave the Vaasa region [37].


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The largest companies in Vaasa are Wärtsilä and ABB, which are part of the top three with Nokia as measured by R&D investments [38].


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Established in the 1940s, Strömberg Park is one of the most important industrial and technological parks in Finland.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The name of the industrial estate derives from the Strömberg company, which was later acquired by ABB.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Strömberg Park is the largest business park in Vaasa, with production and office space totalling approximately 250000 square metres.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

There are more than 3000 employees in the region, of which about two-thirds are employed by ABB.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[39] Vaasa Airport Park, located next to Vaasa Airport and the southbound motorway, is a business park with almost 200000 square metres of premises and plans to build more.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa Airport Park provides employment for more than 4000 [40] people.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Of these, 3800 work in Runsor, where around 80 companies operate [40].


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Vaasa Airport Park business park operates e.g.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Wärtsilä Finland Oy, Vacon Corporation, Vaasa Engineering, The Switch, Mervento Oy, Technology Centre Merinova, Maviko Oy and numerous energy cluster subcontractor companies.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[41] Wärtsilä Corporation has a significant industrial area in Vöyrinkaupunki, almost in the city centre.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Wärtsilä's Finnish company is based in Vaasa and 80-90% of its staff also work in Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[42] Vaasa is the largest product development unit in Wärtsilä and product development of engines is concentrated in Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Largest employers Largest employers in Vaasa in 2017 [43] City of Vaasa Wärtsilä − diesel engines Vaasa Hospital District Municipal Corporation ABB − Electric power, and automation technology Danfoss KPO-Group K-Group Svenska Österbottens Förbund for utbilding och Kultur VEO Åbo Akademi Citec Government Agencies Posti Oy Elisa Group Other companies Leinolat Group, including T-Drill, is headquartered in Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Finnfeeds, a manufacturer of feed enzymes, operates in Vaasa and is a major corporate tax payer.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Crimp manufactures wires.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Software company Lemonsoft sells and develops ERP systems for businesses.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Arcteq is a Vaasan electricity company with premises in Palosaari.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Renovation and renovation services are provided in Vaasa by Rennova, who has been responsible for the transformation and renovation of the port terminal in Vaasa [44].


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Traffic The center has a wide checkerboard area and the streets are straight.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Five of them are 35.6 metres wide park streets: the Court of Appeals, Vaasan and Korsholmanpuistikot run towards the west bank, and Kursholmanpuistikko go along the direction of the beach.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Other downtown streets are 17.8—11.9 m wide.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaskiluoto has a width of 16—14 and Palosaari 15 m.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[45] The roads connect Vaasa to Helsinki, Tampere, Oulu, Pori, Jyväskylä, Kokkola and Seinäjoki.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

It is 419 from Helsinki to Vaasa, 330 from Turku, 244 from Tampere, 319 from Oulu, 121 from Kokkola, 99 from Pietarsaari, 193 from Pori, 83 from Lapua and 78 kilometres from Seinäjoki.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

There is also a fairly short trip from Sweden to Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

From the port of Vaasa and through the town is the Blue Road.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Between 1962 and 1964, other Finnish cities introduced regional 50km/h speed limits, but in Vaasa the limit was for a long time 60km/h.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[46] Vaasa Airport is located approximately nine kilometres southeast of the city centre.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa Airport is served by Finnair, Scandinavian Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa Airport has scheduled services to Helsinki (flight time 45 min) and Stockholm (flight time 1 h 5 min) [47].


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Vaasa line is a railway line electrified in 2011 that connects Vaasa to Seinäjoki and via Seinäjoki to the Finnish main line.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

From Vaasa you can travel by Pendolino and Intercity trains to Helsinki without an interchange; the direct Pendolino connection to Helsinki takes 3.5 hours.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa railway station is adjacent to the city centre and there are access parking spaces in the immediate vicinity.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

A total of 320000 passenger journeys were carried out on the Vaasa line in 2002.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The line was basic repaired in the 1990s making it technically suitable for high speeds, but due to numerous level crossings and locomotive fleet limitations, the speed limit on the section of the line is 120km/h.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The line is single track and train encounters are possible at the traffic points of Isonkyrö and Laihia (freight only).


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Kvarkurkku is at its narrowest point in Vaasa, and Umeå is only about 80 kilometres away, which is the shortest shipping link across the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaasa and Umeå have a joint port company, Kvarken Hamnar Ab (Kvarken Hamnar Ab), which started operations on 1 January 2015.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[48] A transnational port company is a rare solution — the only one found earlier in Copenhagen and Malmö.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[49] The port also provides Finland's northernmost and Ostrobothnia's only year-round passenger ferry service between Vaasa and Umeå.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Previously, Vaasa has also been served to Sundsvall.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Port of Vaasa is a small port that receives mainly oil and coal in Vaskiluoto.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Energy supply There are several power plants in the Port of Vaasa area.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaskiluoto 1 is a decommissioned coal-fired power plant owned by Etelä-Ostrobothnia Voima Oy.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaskiluoto 2 is a coal-fired power plant owned by Vaskiluoto Oy, which also generates most of the district heating of the city of Vaasa.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaskiluoto 3 is an oil power plant owned by PVO-Huimavoima Oy.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Gas Turbine Plant of the grid company Fingrid and the Sähkö Thermal Centre in Vaasa also operate in the area.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Vaskiluoto is located at Vaskiluoto 2 coal-fired power plant with a net electric power of 230 MW and district heating power of 175 MW.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In 2011, the Vaasa Power Plant produced 1099 GWh of electricity and 613 GWh of district heating.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[50] During 2012, a biomass gasification plant with a fuel output of 140 MW will be built in Vaskiluoto to enable the use of wood and arable energy and energy peat to fuel an existing coal power plant.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Gasification technology has nowhere in the world before been used on this scale for this purpose.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

It is the largest gas burning power plant in the world.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[51] The new regasification plant will allow between 25% and 40% of coal to be replaced by domestic biofuels.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

At the same time, CO2 emissions will be reduced by about 230,000 tonnes per year.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[52] In 1993, sulphur dioxide emissions from the power plant were limited by the construction of a desulfurization plant and nitrogen oxide emissions have been reduced by the renewal of coal-fired boiler combustion technology in 1994 and 2007.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

In Vaasa, district heating is also produced by Westenergy on the Mustasaari side, a waste incinerator located next to the Stormossen landfill, and a thermal power plant in the central area near the Palosaari Bridge, which is used in winter frosts to produce additional district heating.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Westenergy's incinerator utilizes approximately 150,000 tonnes of sorted household, business and industrial waste as energy, as well as construction waste per year.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[53] Approximately 87 GWh of electricity sold at that annual waste volume and 280 GWh of heat are generated per year.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

District heating should account for approximately 73% of the energy generated by the combustion plant.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The plant will serve as an essential part of the district heating production of Vaasa Electricity.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

On the merits of the incinerator, the oil boiler currently in use during the summer time will go out of service.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

About a third of the district heat produced with coal can be replaced by waste incineration.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Oil in use during winter peak heat consumption can also be replaced by waste incineration.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[54] The incinerator will be completed during 2012.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[55] In addition, Vaasa has several small high-end power plants and experimental power plants related to company product development.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Their energy output is minimal.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

Tinned with Pärnu, Estonia since 1956 Malmö, Sweden since 1940 Umeå, Sweden since 1949 Harstad, Norway since 1949 Helsingør, Denmark since 1949 Schwerin, Germany since 1965 Kiel, Germany since 1967 Šumperk, Czech Republic since 1984 Morogoro, Tanzania since 1988 Culture Attractions Finland Statue of Liberty Jääkäristatue Korsholma Castle ramparts Kuntsi Museum of Modern Art Mustasaari Church Ostrobothnia Museum St. Nicholas Church Vaasa former barracks area Vaasa Market Hall Vaasa Church Vaasa Water Tower Old Vaasa Ruins Wasaborg Öjberget, ski resort Vaasa Tropiclandia Music Vaasa Philharmonic Orchestra was founded in 1930 and its work and concert venue is Vaasa City Hall. Since January 2016, the orchestra's chief conductor is ActedJames Lowe.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Vaasa Philharmonic Orchestra has been an internationalJorma Panula Conductor Competition Organiser in collaboration with Viljo and Maire Vuorio Foundation.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

The Vaasa Philharmonic Orchestra is involved in the Jorma Panula conducting course every spring.


Question: What year was Hanken founded?

Vaasa

[56] The Kuula Academy, named after composer Toivo Kuula, provides basic education in music and dance and its main office is located in Vaasa.