Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

[2] Manufacturing The process of making chewing gum varies somewhat depending on factors such as the intended use of chewing gum (purely to be chewed or blown into a ball), the method of sweetening (sugar, xylitol, etc.), and coating.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

However, the basic process is always similar.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Chewing gum making machines have been sold since the early 20th century.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

At the beginning of the manufacturing process, the basic substance of chewing gum is heated and filtered.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

To the molten mass, add sugar, glucose syrup or other sweetener, as well as flavoring substances.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Peppermint oil or fruit flavorings are used as flavoring agents.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

After mixing, the mass is cooled, pressed with rollers into a thin plate and cut into pieces.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

After drying, the coated gum receives liquid sugar, for example, and the surface is polished with beeswax.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Finally, the finished pieces are packed.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Health Chewing Gums Among other things, nicotine chewing gums can be considered medicinal chewing gums, with which smokers try to break away from tobacco.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Nicotine chewing gum, too, is dangerous, but usually has less of it than in tobacco, so switching tobacco to nicotine gum can reduce nicotine and tobacco addiction and ultimately potentially get rid of addiction to tobacco products.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

However, according to a study published in Denmark, the freer availability of nicotine gum has not reduced smoking there, but has given rise to smoking, snorting, etc.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Alongside a new nicotine addiction habit.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Xylitol gum is primarily used to prevent tooth decay, ear infections in children have also been studied and claimed to be reduced thanks to eating xylitol gum.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

In several kindergartens, children are regularly given xylitol chewing gum.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

More effective than xylitol gum inhibitors of tooth decay are fluorine tablets, which can also be used after meals, but local use recommendations should be taken into account when using fluoro tablets.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Overdose causes whiteness to developing teeth and weakens teeth.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

However, xylitol and fluorine affect the dentition in different ways, xylitol stops the acid attack, and fluorine repairs damage already created in the tooth.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Therefore, after each meal, xylitol is recommended to be consumed.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Chewing gum accelerates saliva production, as well as cleans the surface of the teeth.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

This effect also has on sugar gum, but sugar gum is nonetheless harmful to teeth due to its sugar, to which, due to the nature of chewing gum use, teeth are subjected to exceptionally long periods of time.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

Littering Because chewed gum spat on the ground sticks tightly to the street, for many years the sale of chewing gum was completely banned in Singapore.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

However, restrictions were relaxed in 2004 and now chewing gum deemed good for health, such as nicotine gum, are allowed to be purchased at the pharmacy by showing their ID.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

A neat way is to wrap the used gum in paper and then throw it in the garbage.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

It is not worth putting chewing gum in compost, as it does not ground well.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

If chewing gum sticks to a garment, get it off by briefly taking the garment to freezing temperatures and then scraping the cured gum off the garment.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

British researchers have developed a non-stick chewing gum that was supposed to go on sale in 2008.


Question: When was the manufacture of nicotine gum started?

The chewing gum

[4] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vesterinen, Jukka| title = Chewing gum book| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-0-30956-7}} Category:Sweets Category:Oral Hygiene Category:Key Screening Articles


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

Ubisoft Entertainment S.A.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

(formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment Software) is a French company focused on video game development and publishing.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

It is the third largest in Europe and the seventh largest independent video game company in the United States.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

History The five brothers of the Guillemot family founded Ubisoft in 1986 in France.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

[1] In the company's first decade, positive reviews from publications received such as platformer Twinworld (1989), sports game Pro Tennis Tour (1989, sequel 1991), sci-fi adventure game B.A.T.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

(1990, sequel 1992) and war strategy game Battle Isle (1991).


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

With its technical implementation, the action game Unreal (1990) attracted attention.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

In addition, Ubisoft released the PC Engine console mascot game (known by the names PC Kid and Adventures of Bonk) for 16-bit computers under the name BC Kid (1992).


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

The games received favourable reviews were mainly those released for Amiga and Atari ST.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

Of the 8-bit translations, perhaps the most important role playing game Iron Lord (1989, translation of the Commodore 64, 1990) The company soon became partners with major gaming houses such as Electronic Arts, Sierra On-Line and Microprose.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

Before the turn of the decade, the company had expanded its operations to include the U.S.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

The company has acquired Red Storm Entertainment in 2000, thereby gaining control of the rights and further development of the Rainbow Six franchise.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

[2] In 2001, Ubisoft acquired The Learning Company, obtaining the rights to the Myst and Prince of Persia series, among others.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

[3] The company has purchased the German Sunflowers game house and thus obtained the rights to the Anno series.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

[4] The development of the Anno series has subsequently continued at the Ubisoft-owned Blue Byte studio.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

Subsidiaries Ubisoft has several subsidiaries and owns, among others, the Finnish studio Redlynx and the German studio Blue Byte.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

Ubisoft Motion Pictures is responsible for making film adaptations of the company's games, exemplified by the Assassin's Creed movie.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

Ubisoft has 29 game development studios in 17 countries.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

[5] Studios Ubisoft Annecy Ubisoft Montpellier Ubisoft Montreal Ubisoft Quebec Ubisoft San Francisco Ubisoft Singapore Ubisoft Sofia Ubisoft Toronto Closed Studios Ubisoft Casablanca [5] Uplay Uplay is a digital games trading business developed by Ubisoft and delivery service.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

It is available for PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Wii U, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, iOS, as well as Android.


Question: What country company is Ubisoft?

Ubisoft

Games Ubisoft has a host of well-known games and game series: Anno Assassin's Creed Beyond Good & Evil Brothers in Arms Far Cry Heroes of Might and Magic Just Dance Prince of Persia Rayman The Settlers Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell Trials Watch Dogs Valiant Hearts: The Great War Growtopia Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a strong low pressure occurring in the area between turning circles, accompanied by wind blowing at cyclone intensity.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

In different marine areas, tropical cyclones have different designations: [1] Hurricane (name comes from the Caribbean storm god Huracan) in the North Atlantic, northern parts of the Pacific east of the date boundary, as well as southern parts of the Pacific east of 160 meridian.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Hurricane season runs from June to November.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Typhoon in Pacific Northwest west of date boundary.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The word typhoon comes from the Cantonese Chinese word or fung (), “great wind” (Mandarin Chinese “taifeng”).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone elsewhere lived in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Southwest.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Around 80 tropical cyclones are observed in the world each year.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

About 15per cent of people live in areas where cyclones occur.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Although in each marine area the numbers vary widely from year to year, it is extraordinary that the globe-wide sum seems to remain very close to eighty each year.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

[2] Structure and dynamics A tropical cyclone includes an area of strong wind circling the centre of low pressure and a broad cloud mass towering in this vortex, where downpours and generally thunderstorms are observed.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Because of their structure, tropical cyclones are also called cyclones.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclones differ from other mobile low pressure systems, such as front systems entering Finland, because of their energy economy: the source of energy is a warm sea with a layer of water at least 50 meters thick and 26 degrees.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

[3] The energy of tropical cyclones is derived from water vapor dissipated from the ocean, condensing into rain.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Water vapor condensation is caused by a decrease in air pressure as it goes towards the center of the vortex and the elevation of air in the condensation area (fog chamber phenomenon).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The heat released in condensation causes the air to rise (strictly speaking, the heat released prevents the air from cooling down as its pressure decreases, so air is less frequent i.e.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

lighter than outside the storm).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Thus, additional moist air is absorbed towards the center.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The vortex is important because there is enough time for evaporation (evaporation, thermal energy binding).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

If the vortex is wide, there will no longer be moist air from the outside (which would get a lift at low pressure), but dry air will descend from the upper air layers to the centre, so local high pressure and clear weather will prevail there.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The cyclone's unbridled rotation also causes the storm to have no clear fronts, as with normal low pressure.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Winds blow towards the eye of the storm; in the northern hemisphere counterclockwise, in the southern hemisphere clockwise.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Wind speeds reach huge readings, usually from 33 to 60 m/s.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

At sea, the wave height is 10—15 meters and the whole sea is foaming white.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Visibility is very low, and because of the thick cloud ceiling, it is twilight even during the day.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The main source of energy for a tropical cyclone is the heat contained in water evaporating from the ocean surface, which is released as the water condenses into clouds and eventually rain as warm, moist air rises and cools to the temperature and pressure of saturated water vapor (see.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Mollier curve).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The process can be thought of as a kind of atmospheric Carnot thermal power machine, in which the enthalpy of condensation contained in water vapor becomes the kinetic energy of the air mass.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

This chain of events follows Carnot's rotation process.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

First, the inflow air near the surface of the ocean takes energy from the evaporation of water as latent heat: in evaporation, the ocean cools and the air warms.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

A pressure gradient is created that sucks warm air from bottom to top, creating a drastic convection flow in which air flows at high speed at sea level towards the centre of the cyclone, and in the wall of the storm's eye ylos towards the tropopause.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The warmed air elsewhere rises and cools adiabatically in the wall of the storm's eye, however, retaining all of its condensation enthalpy upon condensation.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

On the third, air flows out and loses heat as infrared radiation into space at the height of the cold tropopause.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Eventually, the air condensates and sinks down on the outer edge of the storm towards the ocean surface at the outer edges of the cyclone.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The first and third stages are nearly isothermal, while the second and fourth are almost isentropic.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

This in-over-out-down circulation is known as the secondary cycle of a cyclone (the primary cycle is the rotational motion of a storm).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The Carnot process also determines an upper limit to the wind speed a cyclone can reach.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

In the context of a cyclone, there is talk of huge amounts of energy.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

It is estimated that a tropical cyclone releases thermal energy of about 50 to 200 exajoules (1018 J) per day, equivalent to a power output of about one petawatt (1015 watts).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

This equates to about 70 times the energy consumption of all mankind and about 200 times the entire world's power generating capacity, or detonating a single 10 megaton nuclear bomb every 20 minutes.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclones weaken and die quickly if they make landfall areas, too far from the tropics or on top of cold ocean currents.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

In this case, they become normal frontal low pressures and over the continent eventually become condensed and occluded.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Occasionally, remnants of hurricanes that have weakened to frontal low pressures in the North Atlantic may arrive in Finland.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The Coriolis effect, or the rotational motion of the Earth, has its effects not only on the usual low pressures but also the emergence of tropical cyclones.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Because of the phenomenon, storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and in the southern clockwise and can never cross the equator because the vortex would have to change its direction.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

[4] Classification and Life Cycle The genesis of major cyclones is often associated with the tropical easterly wave, a weak low pressure pass in the pasate flow of the tropics.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

A tropical eastward wave normally travels westward near the equator along with prevailing pasate winds.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Under suitable conditions, a cyclone can also form from other types of low pressure systems.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Transformation of low pressure into a tropical cyclone usually requires the following initial conditions: Water surface temperatures of at least 26.5°C (80°F).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Weak vertical wind shear (shear).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Very high humidity.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Distance from the equator at least 500 kilometers, or about 10 degrees latitude.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

However, in some cases the system can form even if all these conditions are not met.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The neonate weak system is called tropical low pressure.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

It has a windspeed of less than 17m/s and is actually just a cluster of strong thunderclouds, typically around 300km in diameter.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

However, the rotary motion of the system is already noticeable.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

In a middle-aged tropical storm, maximum wind speeds are 17—32m/s.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The cloud mass begins to have structure, radial rain bands.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

At this point, the storm is given a name.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

In a mature tropical cyclone, wind speeds exceed 32m/s.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The highest estimated wind speeds have been 85m/s (305km/h).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

[5] A clear opening is formed in the center of the cloud mass, the “eye of the storm”.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The diameter of the eye is usually around 10—50km, and the wind is weak in it.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Barometric pressure can reach the lowest readings measured at the ground surface in the eye of the storm, even below 900hPa.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

At the edge of the opening, the wind is at its highest and the cloud masses are at their highest, it rains pouring and thundering almost nonstop.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

There are spiral projections, or thundercloud lines, from the peripheral wall to 400—600km.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone may weaken or lose its tropical characteristics if the wind shear grows too strong, causing convection clouds to dissipate, and the storm loses its energy source.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

the storm arrives on land, causing its main source of energy to disappear.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Mountainous areas in particular quickly break the structure of the storm, although at this point landslides and flooding caused by heavy rains often cause major destruction as well.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

However, if the system ends up back over water, it may reorganise into a cyclone if conditions are suitable.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

the cyclone is forced on top of colder sea areas.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

a larger low pressure system to fuse the cyclone into itself.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

This is usually what happens to small and weak storms.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Another system may be, for example, a frontal low pressure and sometimes a second tropical cyclone as well.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

A dying tropical cyclone may continue to live as a “regular” low pressure, especially if it drifts into colder sea areas.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

In this case, however, its energy production process — evaporation — changes decisively (see.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

above).


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The system can still produce high, even hurricane-level winds.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Some of the autumn storms that have occurred in Finland have been such cyclones formed from the remnants of hurricanes.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Detection Windspeed measurements from cyclones are often unreliable because the fiercest storms tend to destroy weather observation equipment.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The deployment of weather satellites greatly improved observation possibilities.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

As tropical cyclones approach land areas, information about them is also obtained by weather radar.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

A device similar to a radio probe attached to a parachute can be flown through or over a cyclone and transmitting barometric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind information on its way to land.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Naming Tropical cyclones are named after the custom of the area of occurrence.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Hurricanes are given an isolation name to simplify the warning service and achieve the attention they deserve in the media.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Initially, they were given a name according to the feast days of the Catholic saint calendar corresponding to the name-day calendar.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Beginning in the 19th century, they are named with chosen names of people.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Initially, the names of women and unpopular politicians were used.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Beginning in 1953, names were proposed by the United States National Hurricane Center, and today these are decided by the World Meteorological Organization's WMO Hurricane Committee.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

[6] Naming is done alphabetically: the name of the first hurricane of the year begins with A.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

They are alternately male and female names.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

However, the letters Q and U have been removed from the alphabet list, including X, Y and Z from the Atlantic lists, as there are not enough names starting with them in the English language.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Six lists circulate so that the same names come into use every six years.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The names of storms that caused a lot of destruction or somehow otherwise noticeable will be “frozen.”


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

If more than 21 hurricanes are observed in a year, the Greek letters (alpha, beta, gamma...) begin to be used as their names.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

[6] The Hawaii Hurricane Center keeps its own list of names for hurricanes in its neighboring waters and gives them traditional Hawaiian-language names.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Typhoons are designated by the WMO Typhoon Committee of the World Meteorological Organization.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

It keeps a list of names from which to pick a name for the typhoon.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Five lists circulate, and for each list, each of the fourteen states in the region is allowed to suggest two names.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The lists will not be started over when the year turns.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

[7] The Japan Meteorological Department has a parallel system by which it names typhoons by year and ordinal number.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Also, the Philippines has its own system for typhoon naming.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

In it, four lists rotate, and the list always changes when the year changes.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Cyclones are named as follows: [8] in the northern part of the Indian Ocean, cyclones are named from a list with 64 names.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

In the southwestern part of the Indian Ocean, cyclone name lists are started over as the season changes.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Three lists circulate, and all the names used will be phased out and replaced with new names in three years to re-enter the future list.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Unused names, on the other hand, are reused for the next list.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Three lists are in use in the southeastern part of the Indian Ocean, which are the Australia List, the Indonesian List and the Papua New Guinea List.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

None of those three rosters will be started over with the change of season.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

There is a single roster in place in the Pacific South that will not be started over at the change of season.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Devastation Wind destroys buildings.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

A tidal wave can rise as low pressure sucks the water level up.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The storm can take salty seawater into fields along with winds and floods, preventing farming for up to years.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Contaminated water may spread infectious diseases.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Downpours cause flooding.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Thunder is knocking out power, and lightning strikes start fires.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Rains may cause landslides, especially in mountainous areas.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

The Saffirin—Simpson hurricane scale has been developed to measure tropical cyclone intensity.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

See also List of notable tropical cyclones Tropical cloud cycles Föhnwind Sources On topic elsewhere.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

- Pictures of hurricanes taken from orbit.


Question: Can the Atlantic Sea Dry?

Tropical cyclone

Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Volvo Personvagnar AB is a Swedish company that manufactures passenger cars.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

It was founded in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1927.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

The company was owned by Swedish company AB Volvo until 1999, when it was acquired by the US company Ford Motor Company.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Ford sold the company to Chinese company Zhejiang Geely Holding Company for $1.8 billion in 2010.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

[1] Along with Saab, Volvo, as a Swedish car brand, is known for its investment in the development of safety in motoring and has often acted as a trendsetter in the development of passenger car safety.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

The word volvo is an abbreviation of the word volvere, which is Latin and means I spin.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

In Finland, Volvo has been on sale since 1928.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Today, the most popular model is the Volvo V60.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

In the summer of 2006 Volvo announced that it would move production of cars to cheaper production countries, however design and prototype manufacturing will still take place in Sweden.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

At the same time, the manufacturer announced it would also start selling cars in India's growing passenger car market at the end of the year


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Initially, the S80 and XC90 models were introduced, later other models were also introduced.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

In February 2008, Volvo announced that it had produced a total of 15 million cars in its history when the C70 model car that broke the milestone was completed from the Swedish plant in Uddevalla.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Volvo served as the motto of Volvo's marketing for a long time.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

For life, but Finnish advertising also used the phrase Think what you drive.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

It's a Volvo.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Today, Volvo's slogan is Designed Around You.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Car models Volvo S60 Volvo S90 Station wagons Volvo V40 Volvo V60 Volvo V90 Crossovers Volvo XC40 Volvo XC60 Volvo XC90 Manufacturing discontinued Volvo C303, C304 and C306 Volvo PV, Volvo PV36, Volvo PV51, Volvo PV60, Volvo PV444 and Volvo PV544 Duett Volvo Amazon Volvo P1800, Volvo P1900 Volvo 66 Volvo S70 Volvo S90 Volvo V90 Volvo ÖV4 Volvo C30 Volvo C70 Volvo S40 Volvo V50 Volvo V70 Volvo S80 Volvo 140 (Volvo 142, Volvo 144, Volvo 145) Volvo 164 Volvo 240 (Volvo 242, 243, 244, 245) Volvo 260 (Volvo 262, 262C, 264, 265) Volvo 340 (Volvo 343, 345) Volvo 360 Volvo 440 Volvo 460 Volvo 480 Volvo 740 Volvo 760 Volvo 780 Volvo 850 Volvo 940 Volvo 960 For a while Volvo used a three-digit system for model markings.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

The first digit was the model number, the second told the number of cylinders (with a few exceptions, for example, the 780 does not have an eight-cylinder engine), and the third the number of doors.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

The last digit changed to zero in 1983.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Today, the company uses letters to mark the body type and numbers to denote the model.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

S stands for sedan, V (versatility = versatility) means station wagon, and XC for Cross Country, that is, off-road version.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

Award In the Service 1 Purchase Survey 2010 conducted by Auto Bild magazine, Volvo sellers were awarded in the category Best Environmental Awareness.


Question: When was Volvo personvagnar founded?

Volvo (passenger car)

According to the reasoning, “Volvo sellers told us in more depth at the presentation of the new car about the impact of the characteristics of the models on the environment.” [2] Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Swedish automotive industry Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Pokémon () is a Japanese product series.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

It originated as a video role game developed by Satoshi Tajiri, released in 1996 for Nintendo's Game Boy.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The word “Pokémon” is an acronym for “pocket monsters”, “pocket monsters”.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The games feature hundreds of different Pokémon characters and the goal is to collect each of them and train a good team of characters.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

In addition to video games, the product series includes a collectible card game, anime, manga and numerous other products.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The most famous Pokémon character is the series' mascot, the yellow electric mouse creature Pikachu.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[1] The brand is controlled and licensed by The Pokemon Company, of which Nintendo owns 32%.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[2] Name “Pokémon” and character names etc.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

are trademarks of Nintendo.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[3] Pokémon is the second most successful video game based product series.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

More popular is only the Mario series, which is also Nintendo products.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The Pokémon anime was Japanese animation's first series to achieve worldwide mainstream popularity, opening the doors to the popularity of anime and manga outside Japan.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

In 1999, Pokémon games were sold in seventy countries, television series was shown in sixty-one countries, films had been shown in forty-four countries, and the card game had been translated into eight languages.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

In 2003, the product series was valued at US$15 billion.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Pokémon served as the initiation impetus for the Cool Japan movement.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[1] The video games series included in the product series is Game Freakin and Creatures, Inc.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

a role-playing game series developed by and published by Nintendo.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

In July 2016, Pokémon Go, using augmented reality and spatial information, was released for smartphones, which quickly became popular around the world.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The game captures virtual Pokémons in the real world using a mobile phone camera.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[4] Television series and films The Pokémon anime television series tells the story of young Pokémon trainer Ash Ketchum, his first Pokémon Pikachu, and their and their friends' adventures around the Pokémon world.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Ash tries to become the Pokémon Master and stops the evil Rocket Squad.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Since 1999, a film based on the series has appeared annually.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The first film (Pokémon — Mewtwo counter-strike) grossed US$10.1 million in the United States on its first day and a total of $85 million.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[1] A total of 20 production seasons, 20 films and more than 30 special episodes of the series have appeared.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Collectible Card Game Pokémon Trading Card Game or Pokémon TCG is a Pokémon themed collectible card game.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The idea behind TCG is to “fight” with the Pokémon characters on the cards.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The card set was published by Wizards of the Coast in 1996.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

It is currently published by Pokémon USA.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Almost every Pokémon has its own card.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Manga Various Pokémon-themed manga series are numerous.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Much of it is based on games in the franchise, but there are also some series based on the anime series, related films and collectible card games.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Among those based on the anime, an example is The Electric Tale of Pikachu (), which follows Ash Ketchum's journey in the regions of Kanto and the Orange Islands.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Completely original series have also been released, such as Miho Asada's Kaitou!


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Pokémon 7 (), which follows the life of a young boy living a double life, Hiori.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The first Pokémon-themed manga series is the slapstick humor series Pocket Monsters (), scripted and drawn by Kosaku Anakubo, and bears its name from 1996 to 2003, which follows the journey of a trainer named Red around the Pokémon world, followed by Pikachu and Rude Clefairy.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The original series follows the adventures of the trio in the Kanto and Lead regions and has been followed so far by five sequels: Pocket Monsters RS () set in the Hoenn region, Pocket Monsters DP () set in the Sinnoh region, Pocket Monsters HGSS () set in the Lead area, set in the Unova region Pocket Monsters BW () and Pocket Monsters XY () located in the Kalos region.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The best-known manga series in the Western world, and the longest-running continuously run in Japan, is Pokémon Adventures, which was heavily based on games and started in 1997.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The series in question is the first Pokémon-themed manga series to have been published in Finnish.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[5] Sangatsu Manga has licensed three manga adaptations based on Pokémon films: Makoto Mizobuchi's Pokémon Ranger and Temple of the Sea (released in January 2016), Makoto Hijioka's Giratina and sky warrior (March 2016), and Momota Inouen Zoroark — Master of Illusions (May 2016).


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[6] [7] [8] Evolution Several Pokémons have evolutionary series.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

There can be one or two evolutions, as though Poochyena has only one evolution, and Mudkip has two.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

The Pokémon called Eevee has up to eight different advanced forms.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[9] In general, the name of the developed form is similar.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

For example, the advanced forms of Bulbasaur are Ivysaur [10] and Venusaur [11] and Igglybuffin [12] is Jigglypuff and Wigglytuff [13], but there are also a lot of such evolutions, where the name is different, but instead the appearance may look the same, as with Grimer and Muk.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Since the sixth generation, there have also been mega-evolutions that allow certain Pokémon powers to be strengthened.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

An example of a mega-evolutionary Pokémon is Charizard.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Characters Pokémons There are more than 800 Pokémon species in seven generations.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Species are also classified into several types.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Cultural influence The characters in the game have become icons of popular culture, exemplified by painting on a Pokémon Jet airplane.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

After the Pokémon Go game's release, 231 million people took part in 1.1 billion interactions on Facebook and Instagram during April where the game was mentioned.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

[14] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Galbraith, Patrick W.| title = The Otaku Encyclopedia| publisher = Kodansha International| year = 2009| version=Keyword “Pokémon” | id = ISBN 978-4-7700-3101-3| language = Transclusion error: {{I} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

References Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was Pokemon created?

Pokémon

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Hughes Aircraft was a company initially designed and manufactured aircraft founded by Howard Hughes.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Hughes Aircraft initially designed aircraft for Hughes' own use and for the United States Air Force.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

In a shrinking market after World War II, Hughes Aircraft was sidelined from aircraft production and switched to radars, other electronics and, as the space age began, communications satellites.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

In 1985, the management of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute decided to sell the company they owned, which was the Institute's only asset tranche.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

[1] The buyer was automaker General Motors.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

[2] M&A Howard Hughes founded the company in 1932 as a division of the Hughes Tool Company.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

[3] General Motors acquired the company in 1985.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

In the late 1990s, General Motors sold the company in parts.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Raytheon bought Hughes Aircraft.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Hughes Research Laboratories went into joint ownership of Boeing, General Motors and Raytheon.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Since then, Raytheon sold its part of Hughes Research Laboratories but continued as its customer.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Boeing acquired Hughes Space and Communications Company in 2000 and renamed it the Boeing Satellite Development Center.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

General Motors sold the remainder of Hughes Electronics to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation media conglomerate, which renamed it DirecTV Group.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Hughes Helicopters ended up with Boeing.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Products Planes Hughes D-2 Hughes H-1 Hughes H-4 Hercules Hughes XF-11 Missiles AIM-4 Falcon AIM-26 Falcon AIM-47 Falcon AIM-54 Phoenix AIM-120 AMRAAM AGM-65 Maverick BGM-71 TOW Brazo Pictures Hughes H-4 Hercules aka “Spruce Goose” Hughes Aircraft/Raytheon's AIM-120 AMRAAM air-combat missile, the Galileo probe, manufactured by Hughes Aircraft, will be sent on a journey from the space shuttle.


Question: When was Hughes Aircraft founded?

Hughes Aircraft

Sources Category:U.S. aircraft manufacturers


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The Republic of Malta (,), or Malta, is a republican island country in the Mediterranean Sea, about 93 kilometres south of Sicily.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[1] The state consists of several islands, three of which are inhabited: the main island of Malta, Gozo and Comino.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The capital Valletta is located on the main island.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The state closest to Malta is Italy.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta has a population of around 412000 (2012).


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[1] However, it has an area of only 316 square miles, so the population density is high, about 1282.2/km².


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The official languages are Maltese and English.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Italian is also commonly understood because Italian television shows the island well.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta belongs to the European Union and has six seats in the European Parliament.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[2] In addition to the European Union, Malta is part of the Commonwealth of Nations, which the state joined in 1964.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[3] Malta is located the free port of Malta.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The geography of Malta consists of eight islands, of which Comino (), Gozo () and Malta are inhabited.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[4] Smaller and uninhabited islands include Filfla, Cominotto, St Paul's Island (), Manoel Island () and Fungus Rock ().


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta is located about 96 kilometres south of Italian Sicily and about 290km north of Africa.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

To the east closest to Malta is 1519km from Alexandria and to the west Gibraltar 1836km away.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[5] The terrain of the three largest islands is for the most part flat lowland.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[4] The southern half of the main island is hilly in some places and lies the highest point in Malta, Ta'Dmejrek (253m).


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The soil of Malta is rocky and the beaches rocky.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[4] Nature Malta has many landscape types: forest, scrub, cliffs, beaches and sand dunes, and therefore the flora of the islands is diverse.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

More than 1100 plant species have been found on the islands.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[6] Much of the forest has been eradicated, but fragments of iron oak forest and planted aleppo pine forests remain.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The Maltese national tree atlas cypress grows in valleys and under escarpments.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The most common flora type is garigue scrub.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The grasslands are dominated by many grasses, thistles, pea and bulbous plants.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[7] Of the lush islands is Gozo, and large-scale farming is carried out there.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Grazing is also concentrated there.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

To prevent erosion, the fields have been embankment.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[8] The national bird of Malta is the bluegrass.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[9] Malta crosses one of the routes of migratory birds crossing the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[10] The only amphibian is the embroidery frog (Discoglossus pictus), snakes and lizards, on the other hand, there are many different species, as well as bats.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The weasel also lives on the island of Malta.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[9] Other mammals on the islands include the Mediterranean urchin and the little forest mouse.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

There are about 5000 species of insects, molluscs a thousand species.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[6] Climate Mediterranean greatly influences the climate of Malta, similar to that of southern Italy and southern parts of Greece.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Winters are mild, except rarely when cold air circulates from Central Europe along with northwesterly winds.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Summers are warm, dry and very sunny.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The sea breeze cools most summer days, but in spring and autumn the sirocco blowing from Africa can bring uncomfortably hot air.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Sirocco also plagues Italy and Greece; in Malta it is drier because the journey from Africa is shorter.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[11] History The oldest remains date back to around 5000 BCE. [7] In this case, perhaps hunter-farmers arrived on the island from Sicily.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

They lived in e.g.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

in caves such as Għar Dalam, whose pottery resembles the Sicilian of that time.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Around 4100—2500 BCE.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In Malta, gods were worshipped in megalithic temples built many times from well-processed stones.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

These included the temple of Ġgantija on the island of Gozo, Tarxien, Ħaġar Qim, Mnajdra, and the semi-underground Hal Saflieni hypogeum.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Animals were sacrificed to the mother goddess.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta's megalithic culture was perhaps destroyed by famine, pestilence, or foreign conquerors.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In any case, around 2500 BC.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

new peoples arrived on the island, bringing with them cremation, bronze and smaller dolmen-style megaliths.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The Phoenicians arrived in the islands around 1000 BCE.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

and gave the main island the name Malta.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The Greeks conquered Malta in 736 BC.. Around 400 BCE.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

islands fell under Carthage and 218 BCE.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Roman rule.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[12] The Arabs took over Malta in 870 from the Byzantine Empire.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In 1090, the islands were taken over by the Normans of Sicily, after which, through intermediate stages, they ended up in the possession of Spanish Aragon.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In 1530, Spain ceded the islands to the Order of Johannitai, which had been expelled from Rhodes by the Ottomans.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[7] In 1565, the Ottomans sought to take over the island.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

La Vallette, Grand Master of the Johannies, had asked Charles V of Spain and the Pope for additional troops, but no help was heard.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In May, the 40,000 Ottomans sent by Suleiman the Great began a siege.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

When they were up against, they only had approx.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

700 Johannite knights and 8000 Maltese soldiers.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Bloody battles took place in the following months, but the Johannites refused to surrender.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Reinforcements requested by the Maltese arrived on the island in September and the Ottomans were forced to withdraw, having lost thousands of men.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Voltaire is later reported to have said “nothing is more known than the siege of Malta” (rien est plus connu que la siege de Malte).


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[13] Napoleon took over the islands in 1798, and the British occupied them in 1800.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[14] In 1814, the islands officially became part of the British Empire.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The 1869 opening of the Suez Canal had a beneficial effect on the Maltese economy.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The island gained self-government in 1921, but was cancelled in 1933.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[7] During World War II, in 1942, Britain gave Malta the George Cross (George's Cross) decoration, usually awarded only to individuals.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[15] The badge of honour still appears on the flag and coat of arms of Malta.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta became formally independent on 21 April 1964 as a Commonwealth realm, and became a republic on 13 December 1974, when former Governor-General Anthony Mamo took the presidential oath of office.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[15] Malta joined the NATO Partnership for Peace Programme in 1995, but resigned from it in 1996 to maintain its non-alignment.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

It was admitted to the EU in 2004 and the euro in 2008.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[15] Malta is also mentioned in the Bible.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Chapters 27 and 28 of Acts tell how the ship on which Paul the Apostle was transported to Rome was shipwrecked in Malta.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[16] This is thought to have happened in about 60 shares.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In memory of this, Malta has St. Paul's Island and St. Paul's Bay.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Politics of Malta is a republic, [17] whose president is elected for a five-year term by a 65-member unicameral parliament.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The president doesn't have that much political power, but he appoints the prime minister.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

There are two parties in Parliament, the Christian Democratic National Party (,) and the Labour Party (,).


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta also has three smaller parties that are not represented in parliament.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

They are the Ecology Party (,), the right-wing Imperium Europa, and the liberal and reformist Alpha ().


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta has the highest turnout in the world if you ignore countries with a duty to vote.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[18] The opinions of the Catholic Church strongly influence the politics of the day, including abortion and divorce issues.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[19] Divorce was only allowed in 2011 after a referendum.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[15] The current Constitution of Malta dates from 1987 and determines Malta's political neutrality, which has not changed since Malta became a member of the European Union in 2004.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[20] The National Party, long in power in Malta, lost its narrow majority in the March 2013 parliamentary elections to the Labour Party.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi stepped down.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[21] The 14-member government of former opposition leader Joseph Muscat was sworn in on 14 March 2013.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[22] Military Forces The Defence Force of Malta Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) consists of land-based, sea and airborne forces.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

There is no conscription, 17.5-year-olds can volunteer for conscript service if they wish.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[1] The flight operates from Luqa Airport.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The Italian Air Force will support it with two rescue helicopters if necessary.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[23] Territorial division The seven islands of Malta are divided into five regions, which are used for statistical purposes, they have no administrative significance.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[24] Administratively, the state is divided into municipalities (,), of which there are 68.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[25] The municipalities with the largest population are Birkirkara (about 21500 inhabitants in 2011), Mosta, San Pawl Il-Baħar, Qormi and Żabbar.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[26] Economy Malta's most significant natural resources are limestone and salt.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Since the 1990s, the country's economy has changed drastically.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Craft-intensive sectors have suffered as activity shifts to countries with cheaper labour.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Today, about 75 percent of the country's export earnings come from electronics, machinery and transportation equipment.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Tourism is also significant for the country's economy.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Each year, about one million tourists visit the country.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The traditional industry sector in the country is represented by the shipyard industry.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[20] Apart from limestone used as a building material, Malta lacks significant natural resources of its own, so the country is dependent on foreign raw materials.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Nor does the country have domestic sources of energy apart from wind power, and four-fifths of food is imported from abroad.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

At Western level, the average income of Maltese people is small, but the country is nevertheless average in European comparison.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta has the lowest tax rate in the world.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[20] One notable and growing sector of the economy is the Maltese film industry.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

International films have been shot in Malta since 1926.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta has a favorable climate for the making of the film, as well as picturesque environments.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In addition, the Maltese state has invested in getting more film projects in the country.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[27] In recent years, Malta's economic growth has been supported by casino and gambling companies that have settled in the country.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Maltese legislation differs from that of other EU countries, as the country considers a Maltese gaming license to justify offering games to other countries as well.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

There are several hundred gaming companies operating in the island country and their share of national product in 2015 already amounted to 14%.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Companies employ an additional 12,000 people.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[28] Transport in Malta has one airport and two heliports.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

There are 2710km of paved country road.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[1] There are close ferry links to Malta from Italy, as well as some ferries from Tunisia.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[29] The country's merchant fleet is the fourth largest in the world, with 1650 ships.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In addition to the capital Valletta, the country has a free port in Marsaxlokk.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[1] There is left-hand traffic on the roads of Malta.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The population of Malta in 2015 had an estimated population of 431000, of which are male 49.9% and females 50.1%.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The birth rate in 2012 was 9.8 per 1,000 persons and the mortality rate was 8.1.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Life expectancy for men was 78.0 years and 82.2 years for women.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The proportion of under-15s in 2014 was 14.4 per cent.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The urban population accounted for 95%.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[30] By belief, 88.6% are Catholic, 4.5% are atheists/agnostics, 2.6% are Muslim, 0.4% are Jehovah's Witnesses, 0.8% are other Christians, 1.3% are other believers, and 1.8% state only belief in a god.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[31] 95% of Maltese people are ethnically Maltese.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[30] There are two official languages, Maltese, spoken by 90.2% of the population, and English, which has 6% speakers.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

In the 2005 census, 3% stated they were multilingual.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[1] The body of Malta's education system is free tuition in state schools for 5—16 year olds.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Young people leaving school may choose to take an end test, which those who have completed can pursue academic or professional studies.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[32] At the PISA trials in 2013, Malta finished 40.—45.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

ranked among 74 countries.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Girls got better results than boys.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[33] A university with approximately 11000 students operates in Malta.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[34] Culture The UNESCO World Heritage List lists three sites from Malta: the Hal Saflien Hypogeum, the Megalithic Temples of Malta and the City of Valletta [35] Most buildings are made of local limestone.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Rainwater is collected from the flat roof.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The houses are close together, in towns directly by the streetside with no front yard, in the countryside clustered around the village church.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The address system is based on the names of houses rather than streets.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[8] The literary tradition consists of folk tales, songs and proverbs.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The oldest text written in Maltese is a poem from the 15th century, the actual written tradition beginning in the 17th century.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[8] The best preserved form of Maltese folk music is a men's racecourse with guitar accompaniment.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Medieval romantic ballads have also been found.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest since 1971 (cts.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest).


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The race the country hasn't won once.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Malta has finished second at best two times, 2002 and 2005.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The Johannki Order favored the visual arts and commissioned works from many notable artists.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Caravaggio spent his final years on the island.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[36] Sport The most popular sport in Malta is football [37], played by around 25000 inhabitants [38].


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The country's representative team has never made it to the final tournament of the Values Games.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[39] It was ranked 156 in the FIFA rankings in March 2011, along with Madagascar.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[40] The Maltese national team plays at Ta'Qali Stadium, which seats nearly 20000 spectators.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[41] Malta participated in the Olympics for the first time in Amsterdam 1928 and has competed in nine different sports, but has not received any medals.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[42] The country hosts the Malta Cup, an annual snooker tournament, which from 2005 to 2007 was under the title of ranking tournament.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

[43] Sources On the topic elsewhere The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the miscellaneous page below.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Please do not modify it.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a deletion review).


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

No further edits should be made to this page.The result of the discussion was: {{subst: #ifeq: |y|~~~~}} Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

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Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Official site of the Government of Malta.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

line feed character in |language= at position 150 (help) CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the miscellaneous page below.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Please do not modify it.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

No further edits should be made to this page.The result of the discussion was: {{subst: #ifeq: |y|~~~~}} (in Dutch) (in Polish) (in Portuguese) (in Slovak) (in Swedish)).


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

The European Union.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

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Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

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Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Travel and company information, photos.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

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Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the number of islands inhabited by Malta?

Malta

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule in Finland is a period in Finnish history when Finland was part of the Kingdom of Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule was not a continuous era and its inception was a long-term process involving ambiguity.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule ended as a result of the Finnish War on 17 September 1809.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule began with the crusades to Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the new powers, the Finnish Grand Peasants of Moisioi were forced to give up their positions and their estates fell into the ownership of the Swedish Crown and the Catholic Church.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[1] In connection with the crusades, as a result of the colonization of the Finnish coast by the Swedes, its Finnish inhabitants essentially lost their fishing rights in the area.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Conflicts between newcomers and Finns also arose over farming rights.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[2] Swedish became the language of the nobility and the upper bourgeoisie, and priests and scholars were obliged to use it as their language.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During Swedish rule, the Finnish language was in danger of being lost, because it could not be used with the authorities, and newspapers were not written or produced enough non-fiction.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Throughout the countries' connection, Finns were considered a separate people and, due to the language issue, did not have the same rights as the Swedes.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Swedish kings visited Finland rarely and Finns were considered more primitive than Swedes or Germans and their language inferior.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] During Swedish rule, Finland became part of Western Christendom and the cultural, social and economic order of Western Europe, on the basis of which, among other things, a market economy, constitutional statesmanship and legalistic principles tied to legalistic principles administration.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Finnish language and some features of Finnish antiquity and culture remained despite conscious Swedishisation during Swedish rule, although they changed when adapting to new circumstances.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] [4] Finland's location as the frontier country of the kingdom brought numerous wars and raiding expeditions to the region.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Swedish Crown Prince Adolf Fredrik stated in 1746 that Finland was Sweden's warehouse and protective wall.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] During this period the Swedish Empire has also been referred to as Swedish-Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The term was coined retrospectively to describe the kingdom which included the main parts of present-day Sweden and Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Historian Peter Englund has stated that Finland during Swedish rule was not part or province of confederation but “... the eastern half of that kingdom which was practically destroyed in 1809, after which both parts went their separate ways.” In particular, Englund considers the Swedish Great Power period to be the common “property” of present-day Sweden and Finland, since the rise to superpower would have been impossible for a parched state without the resources of the eastern part of the empire.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[5] Early stages of Swedish rule The beginning of the period of Swedish rule was a long-standing process involving different regions of Finland at varying degrees at different times.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Finland, or Sweden, cannot be spoken of at this stage as a unified administrative entity.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Kingdom of Sweden spread to Finland in the midst of its own process of birth and consolidation.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As recently as the beginning of the 13th century, the law of West Götaland constantly referred to the East Götans and the Uplantians as foreigners.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Sweden's first written output, the Eerikinkronika, written in the 1320s, also speaks not of the Swedes but, for example, the Sveans, the Gothenites and the Uplantians.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[7] The Kingdom of Sweden can be said to have arisen around the year 1350.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] The early stages of the period of Swedish rule are fundamentally related to the missionary work of the Catholic Church in Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The northern Baltic region was a pagan area from the point of view of the Catholic Church and its goal was the conversion of the region to Catholicism.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In practice, the aim of the church was driven by the kings who professed the Catholic faith in the region, as well as by the crusaders, who were allowed in the name of Christianity to conquer new territories under their control.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Crusades to Finland were made at least by Swedes and Danes, possibly including Germans and Norwegians.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[8] [9] [10] Orthodox Novgorod also fought a typical war against the Finnish tribes.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Since at least 1042, the Hämäläs, or more commonly the Western Finns, had been waging almost constant war against Novgorod and the Baltic-Finnish peoples of the Karelian region, such as the Vatyans and Ingerians.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

These conflicts contributed to the Swedes” chances of conquering territories from Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A contemporaneous description of the Baltic conversion, Henry's Livonian Chronicle, gives a bloody picture of the conversion work of late 12th-century and early 13th century German Knights and Danes.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Christianity was well established in Sweden by the 12th century and its nascent kingdom sought to compete with Germany and Denmark for influence in the Baltics and around the Gulf of Finland by fighting the pagans and conquering lands from these.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the Baltic war expedition ended for the Swedes in 1220 with the destruction of the Swedish forces, including the earl and bishop, by the Islanders, and the fortress they had established at Lihula.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[11] [12] The first historical reference to the rule of Swedes in Finland is the earliest legend of St. Eerik, dating from the 1270s, according to which King Eerik the Saint and the English bishop Henry made the so-called First Crusade to Finland in the 1150s.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Legend tells that the king returned after an expedition to Sweden with the bishop remaining to arrange the ecclesiastical conditions in Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the war expedition is not considered a real event today.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[13] The following reference in historical sources to Swedish influence in Finland is the statement in the Lübeck chronicle of 1266: “Duke Birger forced Finland to belong to Sweden”.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[14] Possibly the same event is dealt with by the Eerikinchronicle, written in the 1320s, which describes the Uplantians' expedition against the Hazy people.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war expedition in question has been considered to have possibly been the Second Crusade to Finland made between 1249 and 1250.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

According to the Eerikinchronika, as a result of the crusade, construction of a castle was started in Häme.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedes also began colonization of the Finnish coast in stages around the time of the Crusades, starting in Åland and Southwest Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The colonization of the Finnish coast by Christian people was a key means of spreading the faith.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Of these emigrants, Finnish-Swedes emerged over time.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[15] The Bishop of Turku is first mentioned in connection with the bishops of Sweden on 11 February 1253 in connection with the exchange of land between the Earl of Birger and Gudheim Abbey.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[16] The Swedish Church spread to Finland practically only in the 14th century.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[17] Since about the 12th century, the Catholic Church had operated independently in Southwest Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The influence of Western and Eastern Christianity had spread to Finland even earlier in the prehistoric period, with indications such as tomb finds made in archaeological excavations.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Eerikinchronicle recounts the destruction of Sigtuna by the Karelians in 1187, the largest and most important city in Sweden at that time.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Karelians made a war expedition to Sweden also in 1257.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[18] In 1259 Pope Alexander IV approved the marriage of King Valdemar of Sweden and Sophia, granddaughter of King Christopher of Denmark, so that Sweden would be better and more effectively able to counter the constant attacks on the kingdom's villages and churches by pagans living nearby.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[19] In spite of this, even in 1275 the Christians of the Swedish Empire were tormented by the pagans of Karelia and Lapland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[20] The first chronicle of Novgorod states that Dmitry Alexandrovich conquered Karelia in 1278.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The pagan Karelians had been, up to that point, trading partners for Gotland, among others.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[21] Regardless of trade links, according to Eerikinkronika, the Uplantians made the so-called Third Crusade into Finland in 1293, conquering Karelia with 14 engagements.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[22] Birger Maununpoika's letter of authorisation of 4 March 1295 to Lübeck and other Baltic trading cities mentions as the motive for the conversion of Karelians the long long practice of banditry and looting by the Karelians and the taking captive of Swedes and other visitors to the Baltic Sea and torturing.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[23] The first historical reference of the Catholic Church to Swedish rule outside Finland dates back to about 1284.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this act of Maunu Ladonluko on the general peace of land, Pentti Birgerinpoika is referred to as the Duke of Finland, that is, present-day Southwest Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[24] However, he may have never visited Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Despite the expansion of Swedish power, the conflict between Hämäläs and Novgorod lasted for hundreds of years.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The First Chronicle of Novgorod states that Novgorod made a war expedition against the Hazorites still in 1292.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Conflicts between Finns and Swedes after the Crusades, the Swedish colonization in their wake also led to conflicts between Finns and Swedes.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Ostrobothian stories tell of the need to help the colonists, while other stories describe Sweden as mainly criminals and evildoers who came to the country to wage war against the Finns.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[25] In the 16th century, Mikael Agricola wrote that pagan Finns had harassed Swedish colonists, for which reason they had received help from their relatives in Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[25] The original Finnish settlement of Kimito Island completely disappeared from the site after the Swedes entered the area, which may contribute to the conflict between the groups.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[26] Conflicts between Finns and colonists also arose regarding the rights to use the territories.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In principle, the King of Sweden always gave fishing rights to the colonists in which case the Finns lost their rights to them.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[27] Several letters concerning these disputes are known.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For example, on 1 June 1303, Swedish colonists from Satakunta had quarreled with the Finns in the area as their holdings were located in the old casque lands of the Finns.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1347, an order was issued for the transfer of fishing rights in the Helsinki region from the Finns to the coastal Swedes.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[28] From 1348, a letter of protection from Bishop Hemming and the Head of the Castle of Turku is known, designed to protect the colonists of the Gulf of Bothnia coast against the Finns.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[26] Traces of conflict also remained until later times.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The mayor of Helsinki, Anders Larsson Ehredt, wrote to Peter Brahe in 1639 that Helsinki's name was not allowed to be changed when the city was transferred because the name was “a reminder of the victorious arms of our ancestors.”


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[29] After the Crusader period Around 1300, parts of the Swedish Empire and the Archdiocese of Uppsala, which were governed from the castles of Turku, Häme and Vyborg, had begun to enter the territory of present-day Western and Southern Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Castles built to consolidate the rule of the King of Sweden were centres of Crown administration in the Middle Ages and important tools for retaining power.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The administrative unit that surrounded the castle was referred to as the Castle Sounds.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At the same time, the Christian population was being phased from Sweden to the Finnish coast.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Käkisalmi region and Ladoga Karelia, meanwhile, maintained ties with Orthodox northwestern Russia and Novgorod.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The clash between Catholic and Orthodox cultural circles therefore took place off Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Peace of Nut Island, concluded in 1323, was the first peace treaty between Sweden and Novgorod.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It also defined the eastern border between the Swedish Empire and Finland, at least for Karelia.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Ownership of Northern Finland remained vague.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, within the 14th century, Sweden annexed a Finnish settlement on the northern Ostrobothnia coast.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedes still in the 14th century did not commonly refer to Finland or Finland as Finland, although these designations had been in use for a long time.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For example, the first chronicle of Novgor speaks of Finns (sum) and runestones speak of Vikings who died in Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The name Finland had meant, and for a long time, meant the present province of Southwest Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For this reason, the Swedes used the wider area of southern Finland from about 1350 to 1470 to the name Österland, or “Italia”.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Prior to this, the regions were spoken plural eastern countries.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Finland, as part of the Kingdom of Sweden in the Middle Ages, Finland was part of the historical provinces of Finland, Southwest Finland and Satakunta belonged to the central region of the Swedish Empire and they retained their connections with Scandinavia that had already arisen in prehistoric times.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In southwestern Finland, Häme, the Karelian Isthmus and Southern Savo there were permanent settlements based on farming, which gradually became denser and spread over a wider area.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The spread and consolidation of settlements in central and northern Ostrobothnia was one of the most significant settlement-historical phenomena in medieval Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition, there were fresh Swedish-speaking settlements in Åland, the Turunmaa archipelago and the coastal regions of Ostrobothnia and Uusimaa.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Middle Ages, rural peasants were by far the largest population group in Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Much of the area of present-day Finland was still wilderness in the Middle Ages, where Satakunese, Hälite and Karelian wildernesses were camping, inhabited by a population called the Lappans, at least part of the Sámi speaking population.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Wilderness areas were not among the territories of any realm except in theory at most.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the early stages of Swedish rule, administrative documents were often written in Latin, emphasizing the role of clergy in secular governance as well.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The use of Swedish increased as a written administrative language as the 14th century wore on.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In urban local government, especially with regard to international relations, German was also widely used.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, it is impossible to provide precise estimates of the language ratios of the population of medieval cities.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sweden was an electoral kingdom in the Middle Ages and the royal election was conducted with Mora stones.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The territory of Finland also gained the right to send its representatives to the royal election of 1362, reflecting the status of Southwest Finland as part of the Swedish Empire.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The land law enacted during the 1319—1364 reign of King Maunu Eerikinpoika was of great importance to the development of administration and legal order.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As a difference to Central Europe, peasants were free, and no central European-like feudalism developed in the Swedish Empire.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Local government was based on keepers and parishes in rural areas.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Middle Ages, an urban institution also emerged in Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the bourgeoisie, or merchants and craftsmen, who lived in the cities, accounted for a small


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The most important medieval cities in Finland were Turku and Vyborg.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Other towns included Naantali, Rauma, Ulvila and Porvoo.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During the Middle Ages, Nordic and Finnish long-distance trade was largely held by German Hanseatic merchants, and because of this, a significant part of the bourgeoisie in Turku and Vyborg in particular was German.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the towns, local government was the responsibility of a mayor-led panel.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

By the 1280 Alsnö Rule issued during the reign of King Maunu Birgerinboy, Sweden and Finland, a small secular rails, or nobility, were established in Sweden and Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Spiritual rails, on the other hand, referred to the spiritual enactment exempt from taxes paid to the secular power (e.g. priests, nuns and beggar brothers).


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The parishes that operated within the Catholic Church on the territory of Finland belonged to the Diocese of Turku.