Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Guile Hideout's identity remains secret at first, but he is revealed to be Archie, the leader of the Aqua Group, who along with Maxie, who led the MGMA group, caused a crisis during chapter four.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

The character is also known as Armoured Man ().


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Paka and Ūji Paka and Ūji () are a duo formed by two bodyguards.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Platinum's father hired them to protect his daughter on her journey towards the top of Mount Coronet.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

However, Diamond and Pearl end up on a mission.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Later, they meet Diamond and Pearl, and all four are collectively sheltering Platinum.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Paka and Ūji become role models for boys.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

During the battle, Paka and Ūji disappear at the hands of the Galactic team.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

They end up in another world, from which Platinum and his friends rescue them during chapter Platinum.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Hugh Hugh () is based on a rival character from the Black 2 and White 2 games and hails from Aspertia City in the Unova area.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

While Hugh was young, Team Plasma stole Purrloin, which Hugh had given to his sister as a present.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Hugh vowed to get revenge on Team Plasma.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

A few years later, he meets Racallu and Faitsu, who has just moved to the city, at a school in Aspertia City.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

She fights Rasumu in a contest organised by Cheren and loses, after which Bianca gives Rasumu a Pokédex.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Shauna Shauna () is based on a female contestant character from X and Y games and hails from Vaniville Town in the Kalos area.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Her friend X has been feeling depressed lately, and Shauna is worried with her friends.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

His journey begins along with his friends' two legendary Pokémon after the destruction of their hometown.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Tierno Tierno () is based on the second male contestant character in the X and Y games and hails from Vaniville Town in the Kalos region.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

His friend X has been feeling depressed lately, and Tierno and his friends are worried.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Trevor Trevor () is based on the second male contestant character in the X and Y games and hails from the Kalos region.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

His friend X has been feeling depressed lately, and Trevor and his friends are worried.


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters


Question: When did Pokémon series start to be presented in Finland?

List of Pokémon Adventures characters

Sources Pokémon Adventures Characters Pokémon Adventures Characters


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Petroglyphs are images or patterns made on rocks or large stones by scratching, toiling, grinding, engraving, or chipping.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Sometimes they are also dyed with paint or yellow or red soil.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

A petroglyph is different than rock or cave paintings made in its entirety by painting.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Petroglyphs found today are often presented to tourists, in which case they may be painted with, for example, acrylic paint to improve visibility.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Timing of petroglyphs The oldest drawings are from the Paleolithic Stone Age and the youngest from the recent past.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Timing a single petroglyph is often a difficult task.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Since to make a pattern just peel off the surface of the old rock, no timed material is formed.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Sometimes the dislodged material, though, falls beneath the image to the ground from which its soil layer could be timed.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Timing methods utilizing lichen growth rate have also been developed.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In general, timing methods are indirect.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In Fennoscandia, the most common is to use a method based on land uplift.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In it, the time of making a pattern or picture field is given a back limit depending on it, since the rock surface is elevated above the surface of the sea or lake.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

If an ancient dwelling is found in the vicinity, the material of which can be dated, then an uncertain timing for nearby patterns is obtained from this.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

However, the population of the residence doesn't have to have anything to do with the images.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Also, the style of the patterns and the choice of subjects may limit the moment of action to a specific period of time.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

This has, for example, been able to distinguish between large-sized Paleolithic and small-sized Mesolithic patterns.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Topics of more recent images may include modern subjects.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Prehistoric petroglyphs are found in areas around Finland, for example in Scandinavia, Lapland and Karelia.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Petroglyphs dating back to historical times are known from Finland as well.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

No other than the now destroyed petroglyphs of Marraskoski in Rovaniemi have not been found in Finland.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[1] Known petroglyph sites East Karelia and the Kola Peninsula on the Kola Peninsula in the middle reaches of the Ponoi River inland was an ancient island where rock images have been found.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The islands today are large boulders of stone, ten of which 110 different images were drawn.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Of the images, 75% are deer and 16% are human.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The first images were hewn into stone 3500-2500 and the rest 2500 to 1500 years ago.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The target was found in 1973.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[2] Along the Umba River is Lake Kanozero, with about 1140 petroglyphs discovered on three islands and in the rock of the east bank in 2008.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The lake is located halfway through the ancient route through the Kola Peninsula from the White Sea to the Barents Sea.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Of the images of Kanozero petroglyphs, 25% show animals, 21% ships, 16% humans, 21% human footprints or other traces, and 26% no motive is identified.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Of the animals, 67 are whales, 11 are fish, 25 are elk and 16 are deer.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Kanozero has several hunting descriptions, the most exotic of which are 28 different whale hunts from a boat.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Bear hunting on skis, a fishing event and deer by spear are also depicted in stone drawings.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The images are timed, comparing them to images of the Uikujoki River, circa 3700 BCE.. [2] [3] The petroglyphs of the Voice are the best-known Karelian petroglyphs of their old age and are located on the beach cliffs and nearby islands of the eastern coast of the Voice.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

There are about 1300 images and are located on a 20km journey in 25 separate image targets.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

At the mouth of the Vodla River you can find the sites of Swan Cape and Kochkovo.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

About 6km of the beach are drawings on the beach cliffs of the island of Golets.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Numerous picture areas lie about 15km south of Vodla.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

These include Karetski Nos, Peri-Nos (most abundant), Bessov-Nos, Kladovets Nos and Gaži, as well as the Gurj Islands.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Subjects include prey animals such as waterfowl (44%), elk and deer (8%) and other animals (4%), humans (7%), boats (5%), and images of the sun and moon (13%), in addition to which there are numerous geometric patterns.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The images are timed to be 6200—4600 years old.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The first written entries of the images date from 1848.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The petroglyphs of Uikujoki are located near the power station about 2km away.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The first written mentions of the images date from 1926.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The images were beaten to hard-to-access islands in river rapids in ancient times.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

There are nine picture fields known with a total of about 2300 images (2009 situation) and 26% of them show boats, 17% of them showing humans and others deer, elk, whales and waterfowl.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The timing of the images is based only on ground uplift and those values are indicated below.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The act of images began according to this in 5300 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

and ended in 2030 BCE, which is supported by the timings of archaeological excavations.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[2] [4] [5] In western Siberia east of the Ural Mountains in western Siberia, petroglyphs are also found.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

A few picture fields are known from Tomjoki, an offshoot of the Ob River, with over 600 images in total.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The largest image field is Tomskaya in Pisanitsa, where 320 images have been found.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

It is known in written sources since as early as 1721.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Nearby sites such as Novoromanovo have 177 images, 74 in Tutalskaya and 25 in Nikolskaya, as well as more in Ust-Iskitimskaya, Krutaja and Visyashchi Kamen.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Image subjects include elk (44%), humans (19%), boats (6%) and various animals (2%).


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The rest are geometric patterns (11%).


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Timing of images 4000—3000 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

probably a rough estimate, as the Iron Age has also been proposed.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[6] [7] Several Mesolithic petroglyph sites are known in the Ofoten region of Norway.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

They are made by towing and grinding the rock surface.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Scheduling springs from the assumption that the images were drawn on the shores of an ancient sea.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

As a result of the landlift, the images are today located tens of meters above sea level.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The patterns are quite large, which also suggests the Mesolithic period.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Leiknes has three image fields: Leiknes-1 (lower, 7605-7585 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

), Leiknes-1 (upper, 8300-8230 BCE.)


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

and Leiknes-2 (7050−6830 BCE).


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

On the promontory of Nes lies the four image fields of the Nes petroglyph site: Jo Sarsaklubben (9250−9185 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

), Fjellvika (8730−8630 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

), Nes Fort Öst (8730−8630 BCE.)


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

and Nes Fort Vest (9250−9185 BCE.).


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In addition to these is Sagelvan (7310−7080 BCE.)


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

as well as Valle (9150−8840 BCE.).


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[8] There are also four groupings of images from a younger period in Ofoten, as they are located closer to sea level.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In these, the drawings are made by pounding the rock surface.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The image fields are Brennholtet (4040−3970 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

), Forselv (4710−4610 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

), Sletfjord-1 (5485−5470 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

), Sletfjord-2 (3640−3530 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

), Sletfjord-3 (3960−3810 BCE.)


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

and Vik (4330−4240 BCE).


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[8] There are several petroglyphs and painting sites around the town of Alta, probably from the Neolithic and younger periods.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The first written mention of Alta's picture fields dates from 1938.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The most common motifs are deer, elk, humans, boats, and bears.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The picture surfaces are very rich and the picture sets tell of major events that are in the middle of analysis.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The images depict reindeer, elk, bear and whale hunting among others, even the release of all the images has not been completed, so the number of images is not exactly known.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[9] The timing of drawings and paintings has taken advantage of ground uplift and comparison of drawing styles and by taking account of the results of archaeological excavations.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Generally, the timings of images fit in the fork 5300−200 BCE.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[9] In central Norway, numerous petroglyphs exist in the Bronze Age settlement of Trøndelag.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The North Trøndelag petroglyphs and the South Trøndelag petroglyphs form a rich concentration.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Northern Sweden and southern Scandinavia Northern Swedish Norland petroglyphs are mainly petroglyphs made by the catching population.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

They are dated to the Stone and Bronze Age.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Bronze Age petroglyphs are known from across Europe.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Especially known are the petroglyph fields of southern Scandinavia.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

They too describe human life and mythologies of their own time and cultural sphere.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The images include ploughing on bulls, sun bikes, armed riders and leather-bottomed boats.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The island of Bornholm in Denmark belongs to Scandinavian Bronze Age communities that beat images of boat, people, domesticated animals and objects into rocks and rocks.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[10] [11] In Denmark, the northern parts of the island of Zealand have Bronze Age imagery hewn into rocks.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[12] The northern parts of Bohuslän in Sweden and the southern parts of Østfold in Norway are known for a rich rock image area associated with a noted farming fisherman community of the Bronze Age.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

These occur in Tanum, Kville, Svarteborg and Svenneby, among others.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[13] In southern Norway there is bronze age rock catalogue throughout the coast in sheltered fjords from Oslo to Trondheim.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

There are numerous cake catalogues in Grenland, Vest-Agder, Rogaland, Trøndelag and Hordaland, among others.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In Hordaland county near Bergen, there are several places with rock catalogues in the fjords.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

These include Halgjem, Vinnes, Samnøy, Berge, Vangdal, Rykkje, Bakke, Fonnaland, Geithidlaren, Linga and Flotte.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[14] Latvian cave drawings In Latvia, in the valleys of the Gauja River (Koivjoki River) and its tributaries, there are 25 caves or rock walls with drawings cut into limestone.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The vast majority of patterns appear to be parallel and crossed lines, mesh patterns, possibly wood marks, carved pits, and at least one sailing ship.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The drawings are thought to be around 1000 years old.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[15] Petroglyphs of Finland It is wondered why the territory of present-day Finland is unknown other than a few uncertain petroglyphs of prehistoric times, although they have been found in neighboring countries.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The absence of petroglyphs in Finland has been explained by the fact that fluctuations in water levels here have not kept very many rock faces open.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Karelian petroglyphs have generally been found on beaches where the water level has remained at pretty much the same height for millennia, such as on the Voice.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In Finland, the water level has varied, especially decreased considerably, and as the beach moves further away, the cliffs are covered with vegetation.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

However, there is one uncertain information about the petroglyph, as there is reported to have been a petroglyph on the river Ounas, which has since been destroyed.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Historical petroglyphs Petroglyphs made in Finland in the historical period are known in abundance.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

They've been making them since the Middle Ages.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Only some of the oldest or otherwise most interesting are mentioned here.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In 2004, circularists were found in Kitkajoki and Kiiminkijoki.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

These have not been able to be dated and do not appear to be related to any known connection, but are thought to have been made in a historical period.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

The circle cross cannot be gaply linked to Christianity, but it was part of Christian imagery, especially in the Middle Ages, when Celtic crosses were painted and beaten on the walls of churches, among other things.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Near the site of the medieval Orthodox monastery of Joensuu's Kuhasalo, there is a petroglyph on the shore, thought to be associated with the monastery.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Hauensuoli is a historic port site in Hanko.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

It is known for its abundant petroglyphs, the oldest surviving of which are from the 16th century.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

In Kainuunsaari, near the Kalajoki harbour, names have been hewn to the surface of the brill rock since at least 1893.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[16] The low beach rock near the rapids in Lauka Kuusa has a fish-shaped pattern hewn with a metal tool.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

[17] Photographs of petroglyphs in Valley of Fire State Park, USA.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Mesquite Springs, Death Valley National Park, USA.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Petroglyph National Monument, New Mexico, United States.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Red Rock Canyon, Nevada, United States.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Marble Canyon, Death Valley, Calif.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Titus Canyon, Death Valley, Calif.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Slagsta, in Botkyrka Municipality, Sweden.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Petroglyph in Alta, Norway.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Two rock drawn moose in Alta, Norway.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Tamgaly, Kazakhstan.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Tamgaly, Kazakhstan.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Tamgaly, Kazakhstan.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Petroglyphs on the Uikuriver, pictured with archaeologist Nadezhda Lobanova.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Skiers, Uikujoki, Karelia.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Human figures, Uikujoki, Karelia.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Teimareh, Khomein, Iran.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

See also Rock painting Prehistoric art Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Miettinen, Timo| title = Sacred images in cliff| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-1-21930-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pentikäinen, Juha & Miettinen, Timo| title = Signs of the Sacred in the Testicle| location = Helsinki| publisher = Etnika| year = 2006| version=2. revised edition| id = ISBN 951-97889-8-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rocky, Pekka| title = Swedish fishing culture rock images with Finnish eye| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus Bookprint| year = 2003| id = ISBN 952-5092-97-6| language = (in Finnish)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rocky, Pekka| title = Finnish Rock Paintings Brands| location = Jyväsky| publisher = Atena Kustannus OY| year = 2009| isbn = 978-951-796-590-3| accessdate = 20.12.2012}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Zhulnikov, Alexander| title = Voiced petroglyphs| location = Joensuu| publisher = Iliad: North Karelia Museo| year = 2009| version = (Petrogens|Petrogs| Onezhskogo ozera.)


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Photos: Oleg Semenenko.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Translation: Ljubov Kolomainen and Johannes Hidman| id = ISBN 978-952-5679-45-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gjerde, Jan Magne| title = Rock Art and Landscapes: Studies of Stone Age rock art from Northern Fennoscandia| location = Tromsö, Norway| publisher = University of Tromsöök | year = 2010| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Gjerde, J.M.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

: Studies of Stone Age rock art from Northern Fennoscandia] (pdf) | accessdate = 3.1.2012}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gorodilov, A.Y.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

(editor) | title= CB (editor) | title= 60 years old 60-years old old 60-years old old, 60s | publisher = Russian Academy Of Sciences| = 2007| language = {country data {{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size = | name = | altlink =national rugby union team | altvar =rugby union}} | format = [online version] (pdf) | accessdate=7.1.2012}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Bolin| title= The Re-generation of Mythical Messages.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Rock Art and Storytelling in Northern Fennoscandia| location = Helsinki| publisher = Archaeological Society of Finland ry.| year = 2010| version= in Fennoscandia archaeologica XXVII| id = ISSN 0781-7126| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [online version] (pdf) | accessdate = 28.6.2012| pages = 21-34}} References Literature Autio, Eero: Karelian petroglyphs.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Hällristningar och hällmålningar i Sverige.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Huvudredaktörer S. Janson, E.B.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Lundberg and U. Bertilsson.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Forum, Helsingborg 1989.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Helskog, Knut: Helleristningene i Alta.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Alta 1988.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Ristad and Målad — Aspekter på nordisk bergkonst.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Redaktion T. Edgren and H. Taskinen.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Museiverket, Nordiska Ministerrådet.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

Vammala in 2000.


Question: What does a petroglyph area mean?

Petroglyph

On the subject elsewhere Heritage Karelia: University of Cambridge: Väino Poikalainen: Kanozero photos: Arild Hauges Runer: Archeo News: ,1999 Category:Rock images Category:Finnish relics * * *


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

An algorithm is a detailed description or instruction of how a task or process is performed; following which one can solve a particular problem.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

[1] J.G.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

According to Brookshear's definition, the algorithm consists of unambiguous, unambiguous operations that can be performed and which define the process leading to the outcome.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

[2] The algorithm is initially a mathematical concept.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Algorithms are the methods already taught in the school subclasses (multiplication and division by division) by which any number can be multiplied or divided between each other, but sometimes the term specifically refers to the Euclid algorithm of the largest two integers in search of the author.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Nowadays, however, the concept of an algorithm relates above all to computer programming and computer science, where they are of particular importance, especially in the context of data structures.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

As a computing term, Brookshear's definition of an algorithm means that it is possible to construct a Turing machine equivalent to an algorithm that stops at all inputs.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

For example, a cookbook is actually a collection of algorithms that, following which cooking should succeed.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Similarly, the assembled bookshelf should come with an algorithm to build a working bookcase from the pieces.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

In reality, however, algorithms are often more complex and also include iterations and branching based on logical reasoning.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

The operation of computer programs is based on advanced algorithms expressed in programming languages.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

The word algorithm comes from the name of Persian mathematician and astronomer Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khwarizmi.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Few Algorithms Search Algorithms Sorting Algorithms Selection Algorithms Gasket Algorithms


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

message-digest) Compression algorithms String search algorithms A* algorithm FFT, fast Fourier transform Also, codecs related to audio and image compression use different algorithms.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Mathematical Algorithms: Euclidean Algorithm Square root algorithms Newton's method See also List of algorithms Asymptotic execution time Data compression Video compression Audio compression Speech compression Ultrafast trading Sources On the topic Elsewhere Yle, 2018 Literature Brookshear, J. Glenn (1989).


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Theory of Computation: Formal Languages, Automata, and Complexity.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Redwood City, California: Benjamin/Cummings Publish Company, Inc.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

ISBN 0-8053-0143-7.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Knuth, Donald E.: Fundamental Algorithms, The Art of Computer Programming.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

in 1976.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Wirth, Niklaus: Algoriths + Data Structures = Programs.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

Prentice-Hall, Inc.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

in 1976.


Question: Where does the word algorithm come from?

Algorithm

ISBN 0-13-022418-9 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kaleva, Osmo| title = Numerical analysis| location = Tampere| publisher = TTKK| year = 1993| version = Study handout 163| id = ISBN 951-721-941-5}} * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The Gulf War, or Operation Desert Storm (), was a war fought between Iraq and a multinational coalition led by U.S.-based General Norman Schwarzkopf in 1991.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 immediately led to a UN Security Council demand for the withdrawal of Iraqi forces and economic sanctions against Iraq.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The United States also promptly began deploying troops to the Persian Gulf region (Operation Desert Shield,), declaring the force's immediate task of defending Saudi Arabia.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

When political pressure from the international community failed to persuade Saddam Hussein to withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait allowed the U.N. Security Council to also use force to expel the occupier from the country.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Over the next few months, the United States assembled a coalition of 34 countries against Iraq, moving a total of about 575,000 troops into the Persian Gulf.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On January 12, 1991, the United States Congress gave the President the authority to use military force to drive Iraq from Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Causes of War Kuwait and the United Kingdom signed an 1899 treaty whereby Britain would handle the country's foreign policy as well as trade abroad.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The birth of the treaty was influenced by the imperialism of the German Empire in the region


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Britain protected the country in World War I, as a result of which the Ottoman Empire, which ruled the Arabian Peninsula, broke up and several new states, including Iraq, emerged in the region.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The division of the region did not take into account the tribal boundaries of the region, nor the different cultural backgrounds of the different regions.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[1] The oil found in the region and the continued increase in its use, as well as commitment to the economic and political interests of the states, elevated the importance of the region.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

After Kuwait declared independence from Great Britain on 19 June 1961, Iraq refused recognition and at the same time declared the territory belonged to itself.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Under threat of invasion, Kuwait sought help from its former mother country, whose military intervention in July 1961 prevented events from progressing.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[2] Iraq started the Iraq—Iran War in 1980, which, as it dragged on because of Iran, drove Iraq into massive debts.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

According to an estimate by the Stockholm International Institute for Peace Research (SIPRI), Iraq spent almost $12 billion buying heavy armament between 1984 and 1989.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Iraq had been the top customer of the Soviet arms industry, but Western countries, especially France and Germany, had also benefited from arms sales with Iraq.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

It was only in 1987 that the great powers took real action to end a war in which another million people had been killed.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

By then it had become clear that Iran's religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini would not be erected, and the parties to the war were poised for a draw.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

After the war, which ended in 1988, Iraq was in debt, especially to Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In Iraq, other Arab countries were resentful that they had not supported Iraq enough in its fight against Islamic Shiiafundamentalism in Iran [3] [4].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In addition to historical reasons, at least five different causes, either collectively or separately, can be considered the cause of the attack.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

These are [5]: Iraq was unable to repay the $80 billion loan it received for the Iraq-Iran war, at which point the country claimed to have been waging war for the interests of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Kuwait remained tight-lipped and demanded repayment of the $65 billion it borrowed, providing Iraq with an economic and domestic political reason for the invasion.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Kuwait's riches would ease Iraq's economic woes Kuwait drilling in the unmanned border region of Rumaila Overproduction of oil that had cut a significant portion of the region's countries' oil revenues.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The final reason Saddam got when Kuwait's emir refused a proposed peace negotiation, citing a simultaneous gathering of the Arab League.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

At the May 1990 Arab League summit, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein accused some Arab countries of selling oil at dumped prices [3].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On 17 July 1990, Saddam threatened to use force to prevent overproduction and underpricing of Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Saddam claimed the actions of Kuwait and the UAE stripped Iraq of $14 billion in oil revenues.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In July, OPEC decided to raise oil prices and set production quotas.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Still, Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz said Kuwait had exported Iraqi oil from neutral territory between the two countries.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Aziz took $2 billion out of repayable loans to Kuwait [6].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On 24 July 1990, Iraq concentrated 30,000 troops along the border with Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Egypt's president tried to mediate the controversy by visiting the capitals of Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On July 25, the U.S. ambassador to Iraq told Saddam that the United States would not get involved in Arab mutual conflict, but to protect friends is ready to use force.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Iraq continued to increase its army along its border with Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On July 17, Kuwait agreed to other Iraqi compensation claims, except for the surrender of the islands of Warbaj and Bubijan.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

A couple of days later, an attempt at reconciliation by King Hussein of Jordan went awry, and the one-on-one negotiations between Iraq and Kuwait on the last day of July fell short [6].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Before the invasion of Kuwait, Saddam Hussein assumed that he would not have to fear more from the international community than reproach.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

After Iraq invaded Iran in September 1980, it had been a week before the UN Security Council had been convened at all.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

When the Security Council had finally met, it had been content to urge the parties to end the war effort without condemning Iraq as an aggressor.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

It had then been two years before the Security Council had again dealt with the Iraq-Iran war, but even then it had been unable to agree on any action on it.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

It was not until the fall of 1983, after investigations led by UN Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar had obtained evidence that Iraq had used chemical weapons against Iranians and Kurds in its own country, that Iraq had been publicly rebuked by the President of the Security Council.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The impotence of the U.N. Security Council in relation to the Iraq-Iran war had been largely because the United States and the Soviet Union had — despite their mutual differences — given tacit approval to their common enemy, Iranian religious leader Khomeini to overthrow.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[7] Occupation of Kuwait The representatives of Iraq and Kuwait met on 30 July 1990 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to agree on oil production as well as control of the countries' border areas, but Iraq began its offensive as negotiations lasted from 2 a.m. to 2 a.m. Baghdad time on August 2.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Three divisions of the Iraqi Republican Guard crossed the border between the two countries.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

One of the divisions attacked along the boardwalk into Kuwait City, the second captured inland oil fields, and the third moved to the border with Saudi Arabia to prevent the arrival of possible reinforcements.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[1] Kuwaiti forces waged a three-day defensive war during which Kuwaiti land, air and naval forces were destroyed or forced to withdraw from the country.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The emir of Kuwait, Sheikh Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah, fled by helicopter to Saudi Arabia, where he set up a refugee government.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Kuwait was overrun on 3 August.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The next day, Iraqi forces regrouped along the country's southern border to prevent outside attacks and enable their advance into Saudi Arabia.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

If Iraq were to take over Saudi Arabia, it would control 45% of the world's oil resources and become the leader of the Arab world.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[1] Reactions worldwide The Arab League invited Arab countries to an emergency meeting due to Iraq's takeover of Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The UN Security Council also met exceptionally.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The Soviets, who supported Iraq, too, demanded that Iraq pull out of Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Iraq and Kuwait's cash holdings in the United States, England and France were frozen.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

A week later, the UN declared the annexation of Kuwait to Iraq illegal and at the same time imposed economic sanctions on Iraq [6].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The UN was also intrigued by the fate of Western hostages taken by Iraq.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The US threatened Iraq with the use of force; so did Britain.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On October 14, the Alliance began a propaganda campaign against Iraq, including accusing Iraq of war crimes in connection with the takeover of Kuwait, which, however, could not be proven after the war.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

At the end of November 1990, the UN Security Council approved the use of force in its Resolution 678 if Iraq did not leave Kuwait by 15 January 1991.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Finland, which was a member of the Security Council at the time, also voted to adopt the resolution.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Finland's position was presented by Ambassador to the UN Marjatta Rasi with the mandate of President Mauno Koivisto and Foreign Minister Pertti Paasio.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[8] During the autumn of 1990, opponents of the war were also activated.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Chronic anti-Americanism began to raise its head in Western Europe, and especially in France.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Questions were asked whether Kuwait was actually a state worth saving.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Critics felt it was like a large family corporation whose wealth was squandered by the emir and his vast family's sorrow.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In the United States, too, there was criticism of the president's policies and there were fears that Kuwait would become a “new Vietnam” for the United States.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Gen. Colin Powell, commander of the U.S. Defense Forces — a Vietnam War veteran — was of the view that the war should not begin until there was certainty of its swift end.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Finland's voting behaviour in the UN Security Council sparked some debate at home and doubts about whether Finland was abandoning its policy of neutrality.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

However, Finland's solution was facilitated by the fact that the great powers United States and the Soviet Union were on the same side in the situation that had arisen.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[9] The Gulf crisis was the main topic of talks between US President George Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev when they met in Helsinki in September 1990.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Helsinki was chosen as the venue for the meeting with only a week's notice and the meeting was hosted by President Mauno Koivisto.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The unanimous Bush and Gorbachev statement called for Iraq's immediate withdrawal from Kuwait and the release of foreign hostages taken by Iraq, as well as an emphasis on resolving the crisis through peaceful means.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The statement did not directly take a position on what would happen if sanctions against Iraq did not prove sufficient, but George Bush did not rule out the possibility of force.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[10] Mauno Koivisto, too, in an interview with Yleisradio TV news in the early days of September, had called for unconditional Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait and the release of foreign hostages, which was seen as an exceptionally sharp position from the President of the Republic.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[11] In Finland, on 14 September 1990, the government began printing fuel-rationing coupons in case of fuel shortages possibly caused by the Kuwait crisis.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[12] In late October 1990, MPs Pekka Haavisto (Vihr.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

), Saara-Maria Paakkinen (sd.)


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

and Marjatta Stenius-Kaukonen (Vas.)


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

and a month later the MP Paavo Väyrynen (Kesk.)


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

and bank manager Ulf Sundqvist (sd.)


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

went to Iraq to negotiate the release of Finnish hostages.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

All 14 Finnish hostages were allowed back to the homeland by the end of December.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[13] In anticipation of Saddam Hussein's reaction to the UN Security Council ultimatum, many experts predicted a long and painful war.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Iraq had an army of nearly a million men, and its soldiers vowed in front of television cameras to defend themselves to the last man against the enemy.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[14] The Security Council-imposed deadline for Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait expired on January 15, 1991, with Saddam showing not the slightest sign of bending.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[15] Air War The United States, the United Kingdom and nine other countries responded to Saudi Arabia's film call for help by sending air force units to the region.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On 7 August, the alliance had 323 aircraft in the area, increasing numbers so that on 12 August there were already 501 aircraft in the area, on 11 September 1220 aircraft and on 17 January 2430, and finally on 24 February 2790 aircraft.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

For example, 46 percent of U.S. Air Force combat units were in the region.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[16] The alliance launched an aerial bombing operation to evict Iraqis from Kuwait on 17 January 1991.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Cruise missiles and pinpoint bombs were used for the bombings.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Because of the prevalence of punctual attacks, you can call the war the first hi-tech war.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The mission of aerial bombardment was to overwhelm the Iraqi Army's command structure, air defense and will to fight.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Attacks were carried out not only on military targets, but also on some other strategic power plants, bridges, weapons depots and chemical weapons production facilities.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Civilian losses Iraqi civilians killed in the war 2278, and wounded or maimed 5965 [17] Airstrikes had a particularly devastating effect on Iraq's power grid.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Eleven of Iraq's twenty main power stations were destroyed.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

US Secretary of State James Baker had warned Iraq Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz in Geneva that Iraq would be bombed back to the Stone Age [18] This almost along its place when electricity generation was down to 4% left after the bombings.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The airstrikes also destroyed Iraq's largest dams, most pump stations and many sewage treatment plants.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In this case, Iraq became one of the worst equipped Arab countries in electricity, clean water and sewerage, having been in the top positions before the war.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Air strikes made life noticeably difficult in Baghdad already after two weeks of bombings.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The power was out and there was a shortage of drinking water in many places.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

There was a persistent shortage of food, and fuel was no longer distributed to residents.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Civilian residences were badly affected by aerial bombardment [19].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On February 14, 1991, laser-guided bombs dropped by the United States Air Force exploded in a bomb shelter intended to be resistant to nuclear war at Amiriyah.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The GBU-27 bomb had exploded after first passing through a 3-metre concrete shell.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

This was followed by another bomb that did the actual destruction.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The explosion resulted in the deaths of an estimated four hundred civilians in the bomb shelter.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Some died as the water in the reservoir boiled and irrigated the people.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Most of the dead were women and children.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

It took four hours before firefighters were able to clear the road open to the bunker.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The U.S. Air Force had thought the bunker would be a military command center, and Brigadier General Richard Neal accused Saddam of placing civilians in this bunker on purpose.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The incident sparked widespread protests in Western and Arab countries against the United States [20].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Amriyah had been selected as a target by the US Central Intelligence Agency, the CIA, and subsequently the CIA was not asked for advice in selecting bombing targets [21].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Ground War February 24


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The US-led coalition launched a ground offensive that defeated the Iraqi army, which had been defeated by airstrikes quite easily, driving it on the run from Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In retreat, the Iraqi army destroyed and looted property from Kuwait, set fire to numerous oil sources, and laid oil into the Persian Gulf.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Iraq's old ally, the Soviet Union, made a ceasefire motion in the war and prompted the defeat of Iraq to pledge to withdraw its troops from Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

At this point, the coalition no longer accepted the proposal but aimed at destroying the military might of Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi Regular Army troops remaining in Al-Kuwait, the National Guardsmen (Saddam Hussein's elite force) and Palestinian militants.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The army corps of Iraqis (Al-) in Kuwait began to retreat back to Iraq in one huge motorcade and a few smaller convoys.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The desert convoy was a particularly easy target for an alliance that had achieved total air supremacy, and those shelling the convoy referred to the incident as 'shooting turkey' (; a US saying describing a particularly easy target).


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Critics felt it was not exactly a battle but a unilateral destruction.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

His own tragic tone is brought by the Kuwaiti hostages likely to have been in the convoy, human shields.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The mile-long stretch of road filled with military equipment, vehicles, loot and human burnt bodies was soon known as the Highway of Death ().


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Any usable property left along the road was lost, according to marauders and collectors.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Debris was cleared to the side of the road.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The dead were buried nearby in mass graves.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In this case, the number of deceased persons was not counted.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The car wreckage has since been cleaned away to its own “mass grave.”


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On February 27, coalition forces announced that they had liberated Kuwait and on February 28, the United States declared a ceasefire at the end of a 100-hour-long ground war.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Losses Estimates of Iraqi Army losses range between 20,000 and 100,000 dead.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

At its height, the number of wounded is estimated at 300,000, but the actual figure is probably significantly lower.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

According to an Iraqi government announcement, 2300 Iraqi civilians were killed in the bombings.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The losses of the U.S.-led coalition, according to its official announcement, were 378 killed and 1000 wounded.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In the years since the war, thousands of Gulf War veterans have suffered from Gulf Syndrome, suspected causes including exposure to chemical weapons, secondhand depleted uranium munitions and anthrax vaccines given to soldiers.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The causes and existence of Gulf Syndrome are still controversial.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Iraqi missile strikes on Tel Aviv and Riyadh Iraq fired 12 Scud missiles on January 18, 1991, into Israel.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The targets of the attack were the cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Twelve people were killed and material damage was great.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The United States urged Israel to show composure.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The United States gave assurances that strikes against Iraq's Scuds could be stopped by directing missile strikes at its batteries.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The Scud attacks had also targeted the Saudi capital Riyadh and the port city of Dhahran.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The United States supplied Israel with Patriot anti-aircraft missiles.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

With missile strikes, Iraq tried to engage Israel in the war, thereby breaking the alliance's Arab Front.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Israel, however, refrained from retaliating with further missile strikes.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Kuwait After the war, Iraqi occupation forces and, for their part, also bombing by coalition forces had ruined Kuwait.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Much of the building stock and infrastructure (roads, bridges, electricity, water supply and telecommunications links) had been destroyed.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In their retreat, Iraqi forces had followed scorched-earth tactics, leaving behind minefields.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The monetary value of the ravages was calculated at around US$50—60 billion and was believed to take several years to repair.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Competition began to be made for the works and other trades provided by Kuwait's reconstruction as soon as the war was over.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The U.N. Security Council demanded that Iraq compensate Kuwait for the damage it caused, even though Iraq was believed to have barely had what to pay for years.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The worst devastation Iraqi forces wreaked by igniting retreat using explosives to fire more than 600 of Kuwait's approximately 900 oil sources; the explosives had been put in place as early as the fall of 1990.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

This caused not only the crippling of Kuwait's main livelihood for years to come, above all huge environmental devastation, the scale and consequences of which could only be assessed at first.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[22] After the liberation of Kuwait by U.S. forces, the problems of the ordinary people there continued and even worsened.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The Al-Sabah government began pursuing Palestinians while waste management was not working, and there was a severe shortage of food and water [23].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Death squads opposed to foreigners, anti-democracy and Palestinians operated in the country and were claimed to have been created by the government.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Officers returning from prisoner of war in Iraq, for example, were dissatisfied with the ruling Emir family.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

New World Order Advisers to U.S. President George H. W. Bush declared the birth of a “new world order” as a result of the Gulf War, which meant that the UN collective security apparatus would finally begin to work.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Under the UN Charter, the five permanent member countries of the Security Council, the United States, the Soviet Union, the UK, France and China act as “world policemen” while keeping “troublemaker states” in check.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In reality, the Gulf War exposed the UN security apparatus as unhelpfully obsolete.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Around the time of the war, the Soviet Union was already in a state of disintegration — events in the Baltic states and the Caucasus were also the subject of international attention in early 1991 — and China was wrestling with its own internal problems.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

With the permanent shift of international policy focus outside Europe, Britain and France had lost their original influence and reduced to medium-sized states whose powers were no longer sufficient to carry out the functions of the World Police.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Only the United States still had the ability and will to wage war far from its own territories.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

In the Gulf War, the national interest of the United States and the common interest of the other permanent members of the Security Council happened to coincide.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

[24] Iraqi insurgency citizens of the country who fled Iraq told the CIA that a revolt against Saddam might break out there.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

So US President Bush called on the Iraqi people to rise up in insurgency [25].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

As a result, the Shiites in the south of Iraq and the Kurds in the north rose up against Saddam [21].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The CIA sought to support the insurgency through propaganda, for example, but the rebels did not receive military assistance from the United States, for example.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The rebels in the southern parts overran many towns and almost gained Basra.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Saddam's army was effective this time against poorly armed rebels, killing tens of thousands of rebels.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The revolts were over in seven weeks [26].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

With direct military intervention, the United States did not help Iraq's Shiite and Kurdish rebels, but created a Kurdish security zone in the north of the country protected by its armed forces.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The United States feared insurgents would fragment into parts of Iraq, creating long-running political instability in the region.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

It was thought that as a result of a possible invasion, after Saddam's fall, Iraq would disintegrate in such a way that Kurdistan would become its own state, and Shiites in the south of the country would join Iran [27] or the like.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

On the debate over whether the coalition would take over Iraq, General Schwarzkopf said: “I am not going to change anything" [28].


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

The overthrow of Saddam's regime had to wait until 2003 and the Iraq war, which many observers then criticized as more violence.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Watson, Bruce w. - George, Bruce - Tsouras, Peter - Cyr, B.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

L. et al| title = Military Lessons of the Gulf War| location = Somerset, England| publisher = BCA| year = 1991| id = CN 2533| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: In what year was the first Iraq war?

Gulf War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Frederick Stanwood, Patrick Allen and Lindsay Peacock| title= Gulf War Day by Day| year = 1991| id=ISBN 951-9153-51-9| accessdate = 24.8.2011}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening Category:1990s


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

The Bangles is an American pop group formed in 1981.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

The band broke up in 1989, but it got back together at the end of the following decade and continues to operate in the 2000s.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

[1] The Bangles' best-known songs include “Walk Like an Egyptian” and “Eternal Flame”, which has reached number one in the US.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

History The Bangles came about when the Peterson sisters put a search notice in a Losangelesian magazine for new band mates.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

Susanna Hoffs responded to the announcement and joined the band.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

It was initially renamed The Colours and then The Supersonic Bangs, which was shortened to Bangs.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

However, the name was already in use by another band, so the band's name was taken as The Bangles.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

[2] Initially gaining local fame with their self-published single and concerts, The Bangles secured a record deal with I.R.S.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

From Records.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

In 1983, the band relocated to Columbia.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

The band's original bassist left the band and was replaced by The Runaways' bassist Michael Steele.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

The Bangles' firstborn album All Over the Place was well received and initially sold 150,000 copies.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

Prince became interested in the band and wrote the song “Manic Monday” for it.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

The song was the success single from the band's second album Different Light (1986), which catapulted them to fame.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

The album's second single “Walk Like an Egyptian” rose to the top of the singles chart.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

The band's single from the Less Than Zero soundtrack, “Hazy Shade of Winter” written by Paul Simon, was the Bangles' second chart number one, and the single “Eternal Flame” from the album Everything (1988) also rose to number one.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

[2] Susanna Hoffs' overheightened status within the band, as well as the pressure of stardom, caused controversy, however, and The Bangles broke up in 1989.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

The band got back together again in 1999.


Question: Which band's song is Walk Like an Egyptian?

The Bangles

[2] Members Susanna Hoffs — vocals/guitar Vicki Peterson — vocals/guitar Debbi Peterson — vocals/drums Nate “Diggs” Jones Scatman (1986) Annette Zilinskas — vocals/bass (1982—1983) Michael Steele — vocals/bass/guitar (1983—2005) (touring line-up Abby Travis — bass/vocals) (2005-2008) Lisa Williams - bass (2008-) Studio Albums All Over the Place (1984) Different Light (1986) Everything (1988) Greatest Hits (1990, compilation) September Gurls (1995, compilation) Eternal Flame (2001, compilation) Doll Revolution (2003) Sweetheart of the Sun (2011) Sources About Rest of Bangles


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 in Westport, Wiltshire — 4 December 1679 Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire) was an English philosopher.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He is known above all for his political philosophy, but he also wrote on history, geometry, ethics and general philosophy.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes's best-known work is Leviathan, in which he develops a theory of an enlightened dictator to whom citizens cede their freedom in order to gain state protection.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

According to Hobbes, the role of the sovereign, which may be a king or a parochial body, and the apparatus of violence it controls is to prevent the “war of all against all” prevailing in the state of nature and to enable rational progress.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Life Early life and study Hobbes was born in the Wiltshire village of Westport, which has since been incorporated into Malmesbury.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

His father was the vicar of Charlton and Westport, who had been forced to leave the city, leaving his three children in the care of his elder brother Francis.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes was educated from the age of four, initially at Westport Church, later at Malmesbury School and subsequently at a private school run by Robert Latimer, a young Oxford University graduate.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes was a good pupil, and around the year 1603 he was sent to Oxford, where he began studies at Magdalen Hall (Hertford College).


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The school's headmaster was John Wilkinson, an ardent Puritan, and Hobbes was somewhat influenced by this.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

At university, Hobbes seems to have followed his own syllabus — he had almost no interest in scholastic study.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He did not graduate until 1608.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

His master of learning, Sir James Hussee, recommended him as a private tutor to William, son of William Cavendish, Baron of Hardwick (and later Earl of Devonshire).


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes' connection with the family persisted through life.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes became a friend of William the younger, and they visited various European countries together on a field trip in 1610.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

On the way, Hobbes became acquainted with new research methods that were very different from the scholastic philosophy he had learned at Oxford.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Around this time, he sought mainly to study classical Greek and Latin literature.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

This resulted in his translation of the Peloponnesian War of Thukydidee, completed in 1628, which was the first English translation of the work.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes believed the piece showed that a democratic regime could not survive the war and therefore needed to be avoided.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

However, Hobbes did not begin to be active in the field of philosophy until 1629, although he was in contact with both literary actors such as Ben Jonson and thinkers such as Francis Bacon.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

His employer Cavendish died of the plague in July 1628.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes was sacked by his widow, but he found new work as governess to Sir Gervase Clifton's son.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

This activity, set chiefly in Paris, ceased in 1631 when he was again admitted to the service of the Cavendishie family to teach in turn the son of his earlier pupil.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

For the next seven years, Hobbes became widely acquainted with philosophy and became interested in debates over core issues of philosophy.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He visited Florence in 1636 and regularly participated in philosophical debates in Paris with Marin Mersenne, among others.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

From 1637, Hobbes counted himself among philosophers and scholars.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In Paris As a first, Hobbes studied the physics of motion.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Although he was interested in this phenomenon, he nevertheless exalted experimental physics.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He devoted his life to creating his own system of thought.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

His goal was first to form, in a separate treatise, a doctrine about the body that would show how physical phenomena were commonly explained as motion, at least to the extent of how motion or mechanical action was understood at the time.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

After this, he separated man from the rest of nature.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In another treatise, he showed which specific body movements were involved in the production of sensory phenomena, knowledge, soul movements, and desires.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In the third treatise, he showed how people were made to form a society and set out how this should be regulated if it was desired that people would not fall into “bestiality and misery”.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In doing so, he sought to unite the distinct phenomena of the body, man and states.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Writing this work, Elementa philosophica, took him more than twenty years.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes returned to his homeland in 1637.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

However, the country was torn by political contradictions that prevented him from devoting himself peacefully to his philosophical plan.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

By the time of the so-called Short Parliament, however, he had already written both the book Human Nature and the work De corpore politico, which were not published together until ten years later as The Elements of Law.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

This means that Hobbes's original theory of politics was not yet influenced by the English Civil War.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

When the so-called Long Parliament replaced the Short in November 1640, Hobbes relocated to Paris.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He did not return to his homeland for eleven years.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In Paris he joined the Mersenne Corner again and wrote a review of Descartes' work Contemplations on First Philosophy, which had only just been published together with rebuttals and Descartes' responses.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Descartes, however, took Hobbes' criticism clammy, and in the end Hobbes's remarks to Descartes' works succeeded only in severing all contact between them.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes also expanded his own works somewhat, working on the third volume De Cive, which appeared first to appear in Elementa philosophica, which was completed in November 1641.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Although initially distributed only privately, it was well received.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He then began hard work on the first two volumes of the work, as well as publishing a short treatise on optics (Tractatus opticus), which was appended as part of Mersenne's published collection of scientific treatises, Cogitata physico-mathematica (1644).


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes gained a good reputation in philosophical circles and in 1645 he was chosen, along with Descartes, Gilles de Roberval and others, to denounce the dispute between John Pell and Longomontanus over the squaring of the circle.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

English Civil War The English Civil War broke out in 1642.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

When the pro-kingmakers began to be at a loss in mid-1644, many of the king's backers fled to continental Europe.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Many came to Paris and got to know Hobbes.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

This rekindled Hobbes's interest in politics.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

De Cive was republished equipped with a new preface and responses to the comments it received, and was circulated more widely than early.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Samuel de Sorbiere began printing work in 1646 at Elzevir's print in Amsterdam.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In 1647, Hobbes was maths teacher to Charles II, the young Prince of Wales.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Charlemagne had come from the island of Jersey in July.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

This arrangement lasted until 1648 when Charlemagne relocated to Holland.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The Society of Kingsmen in Exile and the political crisis caused by the war led Hobbes to write a piece on the theory of governance, titled Leviathan.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

It was based on a previously unpublished treatise from 1640.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

According to Hobbes, the state could be seen as a great artificial monster, the Leviathan, made up of humans, and whose genesis could be traced to the pressures of human needs and the disintegration into societal conflicts caused by human passions.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The work ended with conclusions as a direct response to the war, which had raised the question of the right of subjects to change the object of obedience when the monarch has definitively lost his power to protect them.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

At the same time, Hobbes rang himself an opportunity to participate in the critique of religious doctrines.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Around the time Leviathan was written, Hobbes remained in or near Paris.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In 1647 he was struck by a bad illness and lost his capacity to function for six months.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

After hoping from the confines of death, Hobbes continued to write and completed the work in 1650, having translated his earlier Latin work into English in the process.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes prepared for the publication of his main work by allowing his earlier treatise The Elements of Law, Natural and Political to be published in 1650.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

It was divided into two separate small sections, Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policie and De corpore politico, or the Elements of Law, Moral and Politick.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In 1651 he published his translation of the work De Cive under the name Philosophical Rudiments concerning Government and Society.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In the meantime, printing work on the larger work proceeded, and it finally appeared in the middle of 1651 under its final name Leviathan, or the Matter, Form and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The cover of the piece featured a well-known engraving of a crowned monster whose body consisted of small human figures, and holding a sword in one hand and a bishop's staff in the other.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The piece had an immediate impact.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Soon Hobbes was both more lauded and degraded than any thinker of his time.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

However, the initial effect of the publication of the work was that his relationship with the kingmakers was severed, leading him to have to turn to the English Revolutionary Administration for refuge.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes's enemies could very well have killed him — the secular spirit of his works angered both Anglicans and French Catholics.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes fled to his homeland, arriving in London in the winter of 1651.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He resigned himself to the subordination of the Privy Council and was allowed to retreat to privacy to Fetter Lane.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Controversies Hobbes and Bramhall Hobbes now began to finalize Elementa philosophica, the fundamental work of his philosophical system.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The second volume of the work by De Corpore was published in 1654.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In the same year Bishop John Bramhall, a sworn proponent of Arminianism, published his small treatise Of Liberty and Necessity which was addressed to Hobbes.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Bramhall had met Hobbes earlier and argued with him, and afterwards wrote his views for Hobbes to answer.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes responded, but not for publication.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

A French acquaintance, however, published a response.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In 1655, Bramhall published all correspondence between them under the title A Defence of the True Liberty of Human Actions from Antecedent or Extrinsic Necessity.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In 1656, Hobbes, in turn, had a ready work Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance, with which he answered the bishop with force.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes's answers were significant in the history of the free will problem as possibly the first representations of clear psychological determinism.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The bishop responded to the accusations in 1658 with the work Castigations of Mr Hobbes's Animadversions, to which an extensive appendix had been appended as The Catching of Leviathan the Great Whale.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes never responded to this piece.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In addition to his disputes with Hobbes and Wallis Bramhall, Hobbes became involved in the Second Debate after publishing his work De Corpore in 1655.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In his work, Hobbes sought to form the foundations of mathematical sciences based on reason.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In Leviathan, he had attacked universities.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In 1654, Bishop and Oxford Professor of Astronomy Seth Ward responded in his book Vindiciae academiarum Hobbes and others, notably John Webster, to attacks on the academic system.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

De Corpore's errors, particularly in mathematical parts, made Hobbes vulnerable to criticism from John Wallis, professor of geometry at Oxford.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Wallis's “Elenchus geometriae Hobbianae” published in 1655 contained a carefully prepared critique of Hobbes' theory.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The review revealed Hobbes's maths shortfall.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In the absence of axiomatic methods, Hobbes's attempts to solve problems were impossible.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

On the other hand, Hobbes's interest was limited to geometry, and he had no grasp of the full area of mathematical sciences.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He was unable to work consistently on the few original ideas he had, and was therefore an easy target for review.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes corrected the most evil errors demonstrated by Wallis before De Corpore's English translation which appeared in 1656.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

However, he continued his attacks on Wall in his book Six Lessons to the Professors of Mathematics in 1656.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Wallis rebuffed Hobbes' criticism and he took advantage of the opportunity created by De Corpore's English translation by re-critiquing Hobbes's mathematical inconsistencies.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes responded with a book on Marks of the Absurd Geometry, Rural Language, Scottish Church Politics, and Barbarisms of John Wallis, Professor of Geometry and Doctor of Divinity.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Wallis repelled the attacks in his response to the Hobbiani puncti dispunctio in 1657.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes published in 1658 the last volume of his philosophical system, bringing his plan made more than twenty years earlier to a close.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

De Homine included, among other things, a detailed theory of the sense of sight, the importance of which has often been overlooked in relation to his political philosophy.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The rest of the thesis hastily dealt with topics that were more widely discussed in Human Nature and Leviathan.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In the meantime, Wallis had published other works, notably a comprehensive treatise on the general principles of calkyl (Mathesis universatis, 1657).


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes took it as his target to rekindle the dispute between them.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He decided to attack again against the new methods of mathematical analysis, and in the spring of 1660 he had written his review into a set of dialogues entitled Examinatio et emendatio mathematicae hodiernae qualls explicatur in libris Johannis Wallisii, consisting almost in full of circles and on propositions on cycloids.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Wallis, however, did not respond.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes then claimed to have solved another age-old problem, the doubling of the cube.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He published his solution anonymously in French to stray his critics.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

After Wallis had publicly rescinded the settlement, Hobbes took credit for it upon himself.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He published it at the end of 1661 edited and equipped with commentaries at the end of his Latin dialog Dialogus physicus, sive De natura aeris, written in defence of his philosophical system.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The dialogue attacked Robert Boyle and other friends of Wallis.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

They were in the process of forming the Royal Society for scientific research.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes saw this as contrary to the methods of physical research he had described at De Corporate.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Boyle's work New Experiments touching the Spring of the Air (1660), regarded by Hobbes as a declaration of the new “academies”, had described carefully conducted experiments which Hobbes in turn considered to confirm the conclusions he had reached years earlier by theoretical reasoning.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes warned that if they didn't pick up where he had left off, nothing would come of their work.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Boyle rebuffed Hobbes' accusations and Wallis wrote a satire on the subject by Hobbius heauton-timorumenos (1662).


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In response to Wallis's more personal attacks, Hobbes wrote a letter about himself in the third person, Considerations upon the Reputation, Loyalty, Manners and Religion of Thomas Hobbes.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In this biographical letter, he recounted his own and Wallis's “little stories during the recent rebellion.”


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Wallis made no effort to answer this.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes and Geometers Some time from now Hobbes began his third more actionable period of controversy, which lasted until his ninetieth year of age.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The first work was De principiis et ratiocinatione geometrarum, published in 1666, which was an attack on professors of geometry.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Three years later he published his three mathematical works together under the title Quadratura circuli, Cubatio sphaerae, Duplicitio cubii, and when Wallis once again refuted them, Hobbes reprinted them equipped with answers to objections.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Wallis, who had already promised to leave him alone, refuted them again.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The debate lasted for several works until 1678.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Later life In addition to his ill-founded and controversial works in the fields of mathematics and physics, Hobbes continued to publish philosophical works.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

From the time of the English Restoration, he gained a new status when “hobbism” became a fashionable trend, which, however, also received much opposition — every “true lover of morality and religion” had to reject it.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The young King Charles II commemorated Hobbes, summoned him to his court and granted him a pension of £100.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The king played a significant role in protecting Hobbes when the Lower House of Parliament introduced a programme against atheism and secularisation in 1666.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

On 17 October, an order was issued that the committee overseeing the program “was to be empowered to obtain information regarding books which were inclined to atheism, blasphemy and secularism — especially concerning — the book of Mr. Hobbes, referred to as Leviathan”.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes was horrified by the trend of giving him a heresy stamp and was willing to burn some of his papers.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

At the same time, he clarified the exact state of the law on heresies.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The result of the survey was printed as an appendix to the end of the Latin translation printed in Amsterdam by Leviathan in 1668.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

In this annex he sought to show that since the Court of High Commission of the Church of England had been terminated, there was no court judging heresies of which he would be, and that nothing could be heresy except the Nicaean Confession of Faith opposing, which Leviathan did not in his opinion.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

The only consequence of the act was that Hobbes could never again publish works dealing with human behaviour.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

A 1668 edition of his work was printed in Amsterdam because he did not obtain permission from censors for its publication in England.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Other works were not published until after his death.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

These included Behemoth: the History of the Causes of the Civil Wars of England and of the Counsels and Artifices by which they were carried on from the year 1640 to the year 1662.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

For a time, Hobbes was not even allowed to publish equivalents to accusations made by his enemies.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Despite this, his reputation abroad remained great, and scholars who visited England always remembered to pay him their respects.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes's last works were very different in nature.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

These included the Latin autobiography Thomae Hobbesii vita in 1672, as well as the translation of the four books of the Odyssey for the English poetry measure in 1673, which led to complete translations of both Ilia and the Odyssey in 1675.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes died at the age of 92 in October 1679 from a bladder disease which led to paralysis.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He was buried in Ault Hucknall churchyard in Derbyshire.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Influence Hobbes has greatly influenced new-age social philosophy.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

He is considered, along with Niccolò Machiavelli, to be the founder of the study of modern politics.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Classical utilitarians and judicial positivists in particular regarded Hobbes as their pioneer.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

[1] Works Translation of the eight books of the Peloponnesian War by Thukydide (1628/29) A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique (1637) Objectiones tertiae ad Cartesii Meditationes (1641), Descartes' criticism of Tractatus opticus Mersenne in Universae geometriae mixtaeque mathematicae synopsis (1644) The Elements of Law, Natural and Political (1650), consists of sections: Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policie De Corpore Politico.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

Or the Elements of Law, Moral & Politick The Answer of Mr. Hobbes to Sir Will Davenant's Preface Before Gondibert (1650) Elementa philosophica (1651—58) De Cive (1651) De Corpore (1655) De Homine (1658) Leviathan, that is, matter, form and power of ecclesiastical and governmental society (Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil, 1651) Of Libertie and Necessitie (1654) Six Lessons to the Professors of Mathematics (1656) The Questions Concerning Liberty, Necessity, And Chance.


Question: Where was Thomas Hobbes born?

Thomas Hobbes

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