Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Santikko, S.: Kvaak.fi 14.12.2008.


Question: When did Don Rosa start drawing Donald Duck?

Carl Barks

Category:People born in 1901 Class:Those who died in 2000 Class:Key articles in screening


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

This article discusses Austrian history starting from the period of the Roman Empire around 400 BCE.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Colonization and development of Austria into a great power Celtic peoples arrived in the territory of present-day Austria in the 4th century BCE.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Their lands were annexed to Rome as the province of Noricum in 9 BC.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[1] Roman rule lasted until the 4th century.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

After Roman rule, German and Slavic tribes roamed the area.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The area came under Frankish rule.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Christianity spread starting in the 6th century.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

In the final years of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great (h. 936—973), a small frontier county of Ostarrich, roughly equivalent to present-day Lower Austria, was formed in Bavaria.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

It was ruled by the Babenbergs until 1246.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

In 1278, the former Babenbergs lands fell to the Habsburgs.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The Habsburg Empire was at its most powerful during the time of Emperor Charles V (h. 1519—1556), when their lands included not only Austria but Spain, the Netherlands and colonies from the Americas.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Under Charles, the lands were divided between the Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

From his days until 1806 there was usually the same person both as King of Austria and Emperor of the Holy German-Roman Empire.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

In 1683, the Turks besieged Vienna for the last time, after which the Habsburg Empire extended to Hungary as well.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The end of the male branch of the family led to a war of succession in 1740, which Queen Maria Teresia nevertheless won.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Austria European superpower and disintegration with Napoleon's conquests, Francis I renounced the title of Holy German-Roman Emperor in 1806, but had two years earlier proclaimed Emperor of Austria.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Thus, the first mentioned Empire dissolved for good, but Austria became an Empire.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Victory over Napoleon in 1815 led to the Congress of Vienna, where the great powers arranged things to their liking.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

After the revolt of 1848, a constitution had to be laid down for Austria as well.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

However, there was disappointment for Austria when Germany was united in 1871 under Prussia, leaving Austria outside.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The Compromise of 1867 gave Hungary the same rights in the kingdom as the Germans and the name of the country became Austria-Hungary.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Similar rights began soon afterwards to be claimed across the kingdom by several other nationalities, most notably the Bohemian Czechs, but their demands were not carried out.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

In 1908 Austria was annexed by Bosnia and Herzegovina, which led to an intermediate break with Russia and Serbia.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

This eventually led to World War I, when Frans Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne, was killed in 1914 by Serb nationalists in Sarajevo.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The Austria-Hungary of the Habsburgs, who fought on the losing side after World War I, was dismembered among various nationalities.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[2] The Germans in the country remained represented by the Republic of Austria.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Austria after the war and annexation to Greater Germany A diminished, German Austria was not considered viable and many would have preferred to annex the country to Germany, but the victors of the war did not allow this.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Due to internal conflicts, in March 1933, Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss quit democracy and began to rule as dictator with the support of Italian Fascists and Patronymen.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

In Germany, the rise to power of the Nazis led to pressure to annex Austria to Nazi Germany.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

German troops marched into the country finally in 1938 and the country was annexed to Greater Germany (Anschluss).


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The name Austria was withdrawn and the country was formed into a sub-country called Ostmark [3].


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The then states of Austria were also abolished and a number of Reichsgau administrative districts were created in place.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The country's Jews and tens of thousands of others were moved to concentration camps.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Occupation of Austria The Allies conquered Austria in April 1945.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The Soviets installed a government led by Karl Renner in the country, which was initially not recognised by the Western Allies.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The Government was recognised by the Allied Control Commission in the autumn of 1945, after completing the cabinet and agreeing on elections.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The country was divided into four sectors of the occupying states.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Elections were held in November 1945.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The occupation of the country ended with a treaty of state and the withdrawal of Allied forces in 1955.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Austria agreed a trade deal with the ECC in 1972, but still maintained good relations with Eastern Bloc countries.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

From 1970 to 1983 Bruno Kreisky served as the country's chancellor.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Austria sought an active role in world politics, especially through the UN.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Kurt Waldheim served as UN Secretary-General from 1972 to 1981 and later as Federal President.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Austria in the European Union After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Austria approached other European countries and joined Finland and Sweden in 1995 and was among the first to adopt the euro in 1999.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[4] The far-right Freedom Party under the leadership of Jörg Haider received 27% of the vote in 1999.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

It gained entry into government in 2000 despite opposition from foreign countries.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

In the 2002 elections, the party lost popularity.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[5] After three decades of rule by the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ), a right-wing coalition was formed, including the conservative People's Party (ÖVP) and the right-wing Freedom Party (FPÖ).


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The EU declared Austria under diplomatic separation for seven months in protest at the Freedom Party's status.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

On 9 September 2002, following the turmoil caused by the politics and leadership of the Freedom Party, Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) declared elections to be held prematurely.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

In the October 24 election, the ÖVP won a landslide victory; 42.3% of the vote with the FPÖ falling behind at 10.1%.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[5] In the 2006 election on October 1, 2006, the Social Democrats took victory.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The SPÖ refused to cooperate with the Freedom Party and its seats were not enough with the Greens to form a government either.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

After three-month government negotiations, the SPÖ and ÖVP agreed on a grand coalition government with Alfred Gusenbauer as chancellor.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[5] The 2008 elections were held prematurely following the fall of the Grand Coalition Government.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The two right-wing populist anti-immigration parties FPÖ and BZÖ emerged as the winners, which combined to win nearly 30% support.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The Social Democrats remained the largest party.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

BZÖ leader and former FPÖ leader Jörg Haider died in a car accident shortly after the election.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[5] In April 2010, President Heinz Fischer was elected to a second term.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[5] Werner Faymann of the Social Democrats served from 2008 to 2016 as the leader and Chancellor of the broad-based coalition government.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

After the governing parties suffered defeat in the 2016 presidential election, Faymann resigned.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The election was won by the Greens candidate Alexander Van der Bellen.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

First Reinhold Mitterlehner of the ÖVP became Chancellor and Christian Kern of the SPÖ in May 2016.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

The European refugee crisis that escalated in the summer of 2015 brought relatively large numbers of asylum seekers to the country (about 10,000 applicants per million inhabitants), and in addition, a large number of refugees who sought asylum in other countries passed through the country.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

In May 2017, Sebastian Kurz became the new chairman of the ÖVP party.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

He announced the party's resignation from the coalition government, leading to new elections.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

Mr Kern, too, reckons that relations between the ÖVP and the Social Democrats can no longer be patched up.


Question: When is Austria founded?

History of Austria

[6] Sources * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (also known by the acronym JFK and by the nickname Jack, May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, United States — November 22, 1963, Dallas, Texas, United States) was the 35th President of the United States (1961—1963).


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy was the youngest U.S. president-elect in history as well as the first Catholic.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Major events of his presidency included the Bay of Pigs landings, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the escalation of the Vietnam War, and the partial nuclear test ban with the Soviet Union.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy has often been criticized for many of his actions, but he was, both during his time in office and even today, one of the most popular post-war presidents of the United States.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He has been particularly revered as a charismatic and inspiring, progressive folk leader.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Early life Childhood John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts, into a wealthy Irish ancestral Roman Catholic family.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

His father, Joseph P. Kennedy, had acquired a million fortune, among other things, in banking and the stock market.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Joe Kennedy was also a major background contributor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's election campaigns in the 1930s, and he served as United States Ambassador to London 1938—1941.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[2] John's mother, Rose Kennedy, was the daughter of a Democratic congressman and former mayor of Boston.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[3] There were nine children in the family, of whom John was the second eldest.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[4] John's siblings from oldest to youngest were Joe the Younger, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Pat, Robert, Jean and Edward.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Robert later became Attorney-General in the Kennedy Government and Edward a Senator.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[5] John suffered from many pediatrics as a child, according to his mother, and was close to death.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

As a result of his repeated illness, John was already a very diligent reader as a child.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

In particular, he was interested in history-related literature such as adventure and knight narratives and biographies.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

One of his favorite books was an account of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[6] Adolescence and studies John began studies at the age of 13 at the Connecticut School of Canterbury.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

After falling ill the following spring, she got a governess and was admitted to Choate School, which runs the university, in the fall.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

John made his school's football team even though he still got a lot of sick.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He impressed his teachers and fellow students with his personality and intelligence, but his grades were slightly lower than average.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

John graduated from the school along with his older brother in 1935.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

In September of the same year, he was due to begin a year of study at an economic school in London, but being ill with jaundice interrupted his studies after the first month, and he returned back to the United States.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[7] Kennedy was accepted into Princeton University, and began his studies there slightly behind others.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

A new illness interrupted his studies in December, however, and Kennedy moved to Arizona to recuperate.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

After recovering, he left to continue his studies at Harvard and enrolled there the following academic year.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

While at Harvard, Kennedy tried to be elected president of his course and to the Student Union Representative Council but lost.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He had to stop playing football after injuring his back vertebrae in a game; this back ailment was a tease of him for the rest of his life.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Between semesters, Kennedy traveled with a friend in Europe.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

As his major, he chose administrative doctrine and planned a career as a newspaperman.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[8] According to his youth friends, John was always carefree with money and his looks and often did not keep money with him.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He was known as a gregarious, friendly and open youngster.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[9] Kennedy served in 1938 as his father's secretary while he was the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy graduated from Harvard in 1940.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

In his board work, he addressed the reasons why England had not adequately equipped itself against Hitler's Germany.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Work received his grade magna cum laude, and Kennedy throughout his studies an overall grade cum laude approbatur.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy expanded his board work, and it was published as a book Why England Slept in July 1940.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

The book received good reviews and sold well, partly thanks to Father Joe's marketing work.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[10] In the fall of 1940, Kennedy enrolled at Stanford University for lectures on economics, fiscal policy, and business management.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

However, he already dropped out after his first semester and left to join his family in South America.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[11] War service Kennedy served in World War II in the United States Pacific Fleet 1941—1945.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He enrolled in the early summer of 1941 as a volunteer at the Army Officer School at the age of 24.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

However, his back injury prevented him from passing a medical examination, and he was therefore not initially accepted into the Navy either.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

However, he trained on his back for the summer and was admitted to the Navy in the autumn for an officers' coaching course.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

In the winter, he received a promotion.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy initially worked in an office in Washington, D.C., and afterwards as a recruit trainer in South Carolina.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

In the autumn of 1942, she received a welcome transfer to motor torpedo boats.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Early the following year, he was sent to the South Pacific, where he became captain of the motor torpedo boat PT 109.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[12] Kennedy had little to fall in the war when a patrol torpedo boat in the Solomon Islands under Kennedy's command was sunk by a Japanese destroyer.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy rescued his crew, and after the war he was decorated with the Navy and Marine Corps Valor Medal.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy recuperated for the next several months in hospitals in the Pacific and in the United States.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He was demobilized in the spring of 1945.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Thereafter, he served as a special correspondent for the Hearst press and briefed on the English elections, the Potsdam Conference and the founding stages of the United Nations in San Francisco.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[13] John's older brother Joe fell in the war.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

As a result, John emerged as a political pledge for the family, even though he himself had planned to pursue an academic career or as a newspaperman.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] The beginning of a political career and senatorial terms from Massachusetts became vacant for a seat in the United States Congress House of Representatives in 1945, and the electoral district included the northern and western portions of Boston.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy had no political experience, but was knowledgeable through his work experience in political science, governance and diplomacy, as well as national and international issues.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He left the Democratic nomination race at age 29 with the slogan “A new generation provides a leader” and won the nomination after receiving 42 percent of the vote.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

In November 1946, in the actual election, he defeated his Republican opposing candidate overwhelmingly.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Two years later, in the same election, he was so popular that no opposing candidates appeared for him.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

In 1950, he again won election overwhelmingly and new again his congressional seat.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[14] During his term as representative, 1947—1952, Kennedy pushed for better working conditions, more public housing production, higher wages, lower prices and rents, and higher social security for the elderly.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] In 1952, Kennedy defeated Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and rose to the Senate.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[15] In the Senate, Kennedy served 1953—1960, driving, in particular, civil rights, labor reforms, and foreign aid to Africa and Asia.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] He was appointed in 1957 to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, which gave him experience in foreign policy.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[16] In the 1958 election, Kennedy was re-elected with a majority of votes, the largest in Massachusetts history and the largest in the entire country that year.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy's back problems mommed 1954 so bad that he had to resort to crutches and undergo back surgeries.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

One of the surgeries failed and caused an infection that took Kennedy close to death.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

During his convalescent months, he was writing his book Profiles in Courage.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[17] In a book completed in 1956, Kennedy writes about the political courage of eight senators he revered.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[18] The book was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for biography work the following year.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[19] Presidential nomination and victory Kennedy gave the 1956 Democratic Party Convention presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson's nominating speech.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

The speech sparked interest in Kennedy among the party crowd, and he was persuaded to stand for vice presidential nomination.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[20] This election he lost, but with his election campaign he became nationally known, and he set his sights on the next presidential election.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy officially announced in January 1960 that he would run for election as a candidate for the 1960 presidential election.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

His main opposing candidates in the Democratic primary were Lyndon B. Johnson and Hubert Humphrey.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy won the nomination and delivered his famous “New Frontier” speech at the nomination ceremony.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He chose his toughest challenger in the primary, Lyndon B. Johnson, despite their line differences.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy received in the 1960 presidential election to run against the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy's election logo was “Let's put this country moving again,” and he spoke especially in his election campaign about unemployment, the economy, Soviet missile superiority and Cuba's communist regime.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] The four television debates of the election campaign will be remembered for how Kennedy overshadowed Nixon with his better performing skills.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy defeated Nixon by 303 selectors against 219.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Of all the votes, Kennedy received 49.72%, and he defeated Nixon by just under 113,000 votes out of 70 million.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[21] Kennedy was the youngest president elected to the office as well as the first and so far only Catholic president.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] In his famous 14-minute inaugural address on January 20, 1961, Kennedy said, among other things, that he was committed to the defense of human rights and freedom and to solving problems by negotiation, and he also spoke of the cause of solidarity.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[22] At the end of his speech, Kennedy recited: Presidency Kennedy began his presidency during the Cold War, when the US and Soviet-led blocs were facing each other.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[23] From his predecessor, Eisenhower, he inherited a secret war against Cuba and its leader, Fidel Castro.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[24] Kennedy's presidency began with a setback when his approval of the Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba to topple the Castro regime failed.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy founded the Peace Corps agency in 1961, which sent skilled volunteers to aid emerging countries.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He also founded the Alliance for Progress assistance program to develop Latin America.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[25] In October 1962, the Soviet Union imported nuclear weapons into Cuba, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis lasting 13 days.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

At Kennedy's insistence, the Soviets withdrew the weapons and the threat of nuclear war receded.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] In August 1963, Kennedy signed a treaty with the Soviet Union and Great Britain to end non-underground testing of nuclear weapons.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] [26] Kennedy also sought to slow the spread of communism around the world.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He cultivated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War by sending 15,000 military advisers there, in support of previous equipment and financial assistance.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] During a visit to West Berlin in 1963, Kennedy delivered his famous speech at Schöneberg Town Hall in which he criticized communism and wished for German reunification.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

The speech is particularly remembered by Kennedy's words in German, “Ich bin ein Berliner” (“I am a Berliner”).


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[27] Kennedy got through 305 motions out of 653 in Congress.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He got through trade legislation that gave the president the power to reduce tariffs by at least 50% or eliminate some tariffs altogether.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He pushed through his proposal, which ordered the United States to help the UN in financial trouble by buying $100 million of its bonds.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy's initiatives also included improving education for the unemployed through a three-year program, a constitutional amendment that ended voting rights in federal elections from depending on the tax amount of the eligible to vote, and a 25% increase in the minimum wage.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[28] In addition, Kennedy opposed school segregation, initiated a program to encourage African-Americans to register as voters, combat discrimination in social housing, and appointed record numbers of African-Americans to public offices.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He frequently used federal troops to keep order and law up in the Confederate States during the civil rights movement.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[25] Kennedy also attempted to lower the income tax and broadly reform civil rights legislation, but these efforts did not pass until after he died.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] [25] Kennedy took in 1961 as the US goal of visiting the Moon by the end of the decade, which also eventually came to fruition.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy Government Assassination John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy had gone with his wife and Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to Texas for a visit in November 1963.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

The president's motorcade drove just after noon in a convertible in downtown Dallas, when rifle shots were fired at President Kennedy.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy and Governor John Connally, who was in the car with him, were taken to a hospital, where President Kennedy was confirmed dead.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Lee Harvey Oswald fired the shots from his workplace in a Texas school book warehouse.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Oswald was shot dead by local nightclub owner Jack Ruby before the trial.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[30] [31] Murder has inspired numerous conspiracy theories.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[32] Kennedy was buried at Arlington Military Cemetery.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He is the only president, besides William Howard Taft, to be buried there.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

There is an eternal fire burning at Kennedy's grave.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

His brothers, Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Edward M. Kennedy are also buried in Arlington.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[33] Next to Kennedy are buried his two children who died as babies.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[34] Appreciation and aftermath Kennedy has been both praised and criticized as president.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy has been praised for being a charismatic leader and a progressive enthusiast for his fellow citizens.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

His resourceful diplomacy during the Cuban missile crisis has been estimated to have saved the world from nuclear war, as, according to Kennedy himself, the country's military leaders would have preferred to launch an attack.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

After the crisis, Kennedy initiated a slimming up, resulting in an atmospheric nuclear test ban.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Although Kennedy expanded U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, he sent only military advisers there.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[35] [36] [37] Kennedy has been criticized for leaving the results of his presidency skinny.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He failed to get civil rights reforms through in his lifetime, which, for example, Martin Luther King speculated was due to a lack of passion for equality for blacks.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy has also been criticized for his miserably failed attempt to oust Castro, as well as for expanding the Vietnam War.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He is also believed to have been unfaithful to his wife and physically too ill for the office of president, something he hid from the general public.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[35] [37] In a US Gallup survey published in late 2013, Kennedy was by far the most popular of the country's postwar 11 presidents.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Three-quarters of respondents thought he was a better-than-average or brilliant president, and only three percent as a worse than average president.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy's esteem was highest among young U.S. citizens.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Kennedy's popularity during his time in office was also higher than that of the other eleven postwar presidents, although it fell from 80 percent in the first year to 58 percent in the last measure.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[38] Private Life Marriage and Family Kennedy met Jacqueline Bouvier, who worked for a Washingtonian newspaper, at some dinners in 1951, and in 1953 they first got engaged and then married at 12.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

on Sept.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[39] They were born with four children, a firstborn daughter Arabella (1956) born in the womb, Caroline (1957—), John the Younger (1960—1999), and Patrick (1963), born prematurely, who died two days after his birth.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[40] [41] The Kennedys brought a youthful atmosphere to the White House and sought to celebrate American history, culture and achievements there.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Jacqueline Kennedy invited artists, writers, scholars, poets and musicians to join politicians, diplomats and statesmen to dinners and events.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Sophisticated Jacqueline was also a fashion icon of her time.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[42] In the aftermath of Kennedy's death, allegations have been made about several female affairs during Kennedy's marriage, the most famous of which is an alleged affair with Marilyn Monroe.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] Kennedy and Monroe met for the first time reportedly at a 1961 dinner party.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Monroe is reported to have revealed to a friend that she and the president had a one-night affair in March 1962.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[43] Kennedy's private secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, has reported that Kennedy was a womanizer, although initiatives usually came from women.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[44] Health Kennedy had a number of health ailments throughout his life.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He was diagnosed with a painful back defect in his teens, which never healed despite multiple surgeries.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

He also had Addison's disease, which he kept secret from the general public.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[1] In his final years, Kennedy was under strong medication for his ailments.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[45] FBI Monitoring Central Criminal Police The FBI had been tracking Kennedy since 1942.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

It was then that Kennedy, while living in London, was socializing with a woman whom the FBI considered suspicious, as she had interviewed Hitler and Goering.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

From this follow-up began the mutual bitterness between Kennedy and FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, although publicly Kennedy felt it best to always flatter Hoover.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[46] Hoover later also found out Kennedy's connections to mob chief Sam Giancana.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

[47] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuosma, Tapio| title= John F. Kennedy: Dream of a new Camelot| publisher = Nordbooks| year = 2014| id=ISBN 978-952-6643-85-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nelson, Michael| title = Nelson, Michael| title = Congressional Quarterly's Guide to the Presidency, Volume II| location = Washington, D.C.| publisher = Congressional Quarterly| year = 1996| id = ISBN 1-56802-018-x}} References on the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: In what year did Robert Kennedy pronounce Ich Bin Ein Berliner?

John F. Kennedy

Category:Kennedy family Class:Presidents of the United States Category:United States Senate Members Category:United States Democrat politicians Category:American homicide victims Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom Class:American Irish Class:Born in 1917 Category:Persons who died in 1963 Class:Pulitzer Prize-winning Class:Key articles on screening Category:99.3 Representatives of society


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Sastamala is a town and municipality in the province of Pirkanmaa, just off the provincial border with Satakunta.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The town has a population of (as at 30 April 2015) [1] and an area of km², of which km² is land and km² is inland (1 January 2015) [2].


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Sastamala is the largest municipality in Pirkanmaa by area and its neighbours are Huittinen, Hämeenkyrö, Ikaalinen, Kankaanpää, Kokemäki, Nokia, Pori, Punkalaidun, Ulvila, Urjala and Vesilahti.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Geography Sastamala is located on both sides of the Kokemäenjoki watershed in the southwestern corner of Pirkanmaa.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The municipality is shared by Kokemäenjoki, Liekovesi, Rautavesi and Kulovesi.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Other major severe waters in the municipal area include Houhajärvi, Ylistenjärvi, Kiikoisjärvi and Mouhijärvi.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[3] There are 11 Natura sites in Sastamala: Kuorsumaanjärvi, Lavijärven-Palojärvi cliffs, Puurijärvi-Isosuo, Kiikoinen forest, Kilpijoki beach, Kiimajärvi, Turpikoski, Vehmaanniemi, Pirunvuori, Hanhijärvi-Keskien-Tapiolanjärvi and Ekojärvi.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[4] Conurbations At the end of 2017, Sastamala had 24820 inhabitants, of which 16754 lived in agglomeration areas, 7816 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of 250 residents of residence were unknown.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; the agglomeration rate of Sastamala is 68.2%.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[5] The built-up population of Sastamala is divided between nine different agglomerations: [6] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Villages Sastamala has a total of 161 villages, and two-thirds of the municipality's population live in rural areas and villages.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The villages are organized into over 40 village associations.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[7] The village division was created by large division in the 18th century and thus does not fully reflect the current situation.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[8] For example, Illo and Putaja are located on the lands of other villages and are not found in the list.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Centre-area neighbourhoods Hoppu, Iisa, Kalliala, Kaukola, Ketola, Lousaja, Marttila, Myllymaa, Nokkakylä, Nuupala, Nuupala, Ojansuu, Parviala, Pitkämäki, Raivio, Roismala, Ruoksamo, Sastamala, Sastamala, Silekallio, Silekallio, Sylä, Tyrvänkylä, Varila Vinkinmäki, Tip, Vinkkilä Parishes of the Year 2018 according to regional division, Sastamala has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [9] Sastamala Parish (ex.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Vammala Parish) Karku Chapel Congregation Keikyyä Chapel Congregation Kiika Chapel Congregation Kiikoinen Chapel Congregation Mouhijärvi Chapel Congregation Suodenniemi Chapel Parishes of the Finnish Orthodox Church in Sastamala Region operates Tampere Orthodox congregation.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[10] Former Parishes The following list lists the parishes abolished in the historical period in the present area of the city of Sastamala.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[9] Karku Parish (merged with Tyrvä Parish to become Vammala Parish 2004) Keikyyä Parish (annexed to Sastamala Parish 2009) Kiika Parish (annexed to Sastamala Parish 2009) Kiikoinen Parish (annexed to Sastamala Parish 2013) Mouhijärvi Parish Parish (annexed to Sastamala Parish 2009) Suodenniemi Parish (annexed to Vammala Parish 2007) Tyrvä Parish (merged with Karku Parish to become Vammala Parish 2004) Historia Vammalan Ristimäki's mound tomb with sword parts resembles coastal prosperous younger Roman period gun burials.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

It is also the only grave inland to match the coastal burial tradition during that period.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[11] During the Merovingian period, clances become more common in the Sastamala region, which contributes to the increase in population and the frequency of settlement.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[12] The keeper of Sastamala was a great keeper belonging to the historical province of Satakunta.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The name Sastamala first appeared in the form Sastamall in a letter from King Birger Maunpoika dated 1300 or 1303.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The new town of Sastamala came into existence in early 2009 when Vammala, Mouhijärvi and Äetsä merged.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Earlier in 1973, Tyrtava and Karkku had been connected to Vammala.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Äetsä Municipality had been formed again with the merger of Kiika and Keikyä in 1981.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Suodenniemi joined Vammala in 2007 and Kiikoinen joined the new Sastamala in 2013.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The coat of arms of Sastamala is the coat of arms of the former municipality of Karku, designed by Lauri Ahlgrén.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Administration Sastamala Mayor since 2013 is Jarkko Malmberg.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[13] Sastamala City Council consists of 43 members and their division of seats goes by party as follows: [14] Centre, 12 seats SDP, 11 seats Coalition, 8 seats Christian Democrats, 4 seats PerusFinns, 3 seats Left Alliance, 3 seats Greens, 2 seats Economy In 2015 there were 8426 jobs in the municipality.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Of those, 8.5% were in primary production (agriculture, forestry and fisheries), 63% in services and 27% in processing.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The jobless share of the labour force was 12.3%.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[15] The highest corporation tax is paid by Partnos, a construction design company, Teknikum, a manufacturer of rubber and plastic products, and Vexve, a manufacturer of district heating butterfly valves.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

[16] Traffic through Sastamala runs on Highway 11 between Tampere and Pori and Highway 12 between Tampere and Rauma.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

From Kiika, the main road 44 to Kauhajoki starts from Kankaanpää.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

There are also numerous regional roads running from the city to Hämeenkyrö, Punkalaitume, Vesilahti, Nokia and Lavia.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The Tampere—Pori railway line also runs through Sastamala.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Trains stop in the town at Vammala and Karku railway stations.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The nearest airports to Sastamala are Tampere-Pirkkala Airport and Pori Airport.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the town every five years since 1980.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

On 1 January 2017, the regional division used is in accordance with the situation.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Culture The book capital of Finland Sastamala has a long tradition of literature.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

One of the biggest themed events is the Old Literature Days held in the city centre during the summer.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

In July 2011, the Finnish Book Museum Pukstaavi was also opened in Sastamala, which promotes Finnish book culture and reading.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Pukstaavi is a national museum that explains the cultural history and social significance of Finnish books in general.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

In early 2013, the city of Sastamala was declared the book capital of Finland.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Since this time, the city has annually chosen the Book Head of the Year.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

The first book heads of the year are writers Mauri Kunnas 2013 and Marko Vesterbacka 2014, Administrative Director Hannu Nikkilä 2015 and bookseller Sirkka-Liisa “Samu” Leino 2016.


Question: What is the current population of Sastamala?

Sastamala

Sightseeing and Events Sastamala Medieval Church St. Olav Church of Tyrva Old Literature Days Sastamala Gregoriana Ski Centre Ellivuori Pirunvuori Lord Hakkarainen House of Culture Jaatsi, Akseli Gallen-Kallela Childhood Home Lakeside Golf Vammala Vammala Auto and Tractor Museum Marsk Salon Trolley at Stormi Shell Gas Station Otamussi Häijen Market Sarkia Museum Äetsä Power Plant Keikyyä Home Area Museum Kokemäenjoki Rautavesi, Liekovesi and Kulovesi Museum of Finnish Book Pukstaavi The twinning towns of Sastamala are (situation December 2015): [17] Skövde, Sweden Ringsted, Denmark Halden, Norway Pihtla, Estonia Kašin, Russia Kuressaare, Estonia Vásárosnamény, Hungary See also List of public in Sastamala Artwork and monuments Sources 18.6.2007 Satakunta Kansa, August 2007 Tyrvä Sanomat, January 2013 References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Continuation War was fought between Finland and the Soviet Union from 25 June 1941 to 19 September 1944.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Continuation war was fought on the Finnish front at the same time as Germany was carrying out a widespread invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finnish front had been divided between German and Finnish forces, with the Finns in charge of the Southern Front and the Germans for the Lapland Front.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland was not, by law, an ally of Germany, as there was no treaty of alliance.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Instead, Finland was effectively an ally of Germany, giving its territory at German disposal, subjecting its forces to Germany, and receiving arms aid from Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

At the beginning of the war, on the southern front section, Finnish troops recaptured areas lost in the Winter War and advanced across Syyr and the Leningrad defensive lines.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In December 1941, the offensive was halted and a station warfare phase that lasted more than two years began.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The northern front sections were unable to obtain the severed Muurmann track and the German forces were unable to advance on Murmansk.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive in June 1944 broke through the Finns' foremost defensive lines.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

After heavy interceptor fighting, the guns were lowered to 4—5.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Moscow Intermediate Peace was signed on 19 September 1944 and confirmed in the Peace of Paris 1947.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The intermediate peace terms of the Continuation War included, among other things, forcing German troops out of Finland, leading to the Lapland War against Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Pre-war events The peace in Moscow, which ended the Winter War in March 1940, was not peace in the truest sense of the word.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Europe was at war and Finland remained under martial law as well.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

During peacetime, the 100000 members of the lifting crew who remained untrained were ordered to enter service and their military training in the final stages of the Winter War to increase the low perceived reserve was commenced.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Squad leaders who had rehabilitated in the Winter War were asked to remain as loyal sub-officers for the training mission.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland was targeting an internationally identified possible maximum of the population, which could be disconnected from other duties to army service, i.e. 16%.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In the case of Finland, this was considered sufficient only for the operational defence of the entire eastern border.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

General Aksel Airo had written a book on the subject after the Winter War, Honor - Motherland, in which he considered Finland's own defence possibilities superficially viewed only in the light of numbers to be almost non-existent.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Foreign countries' estimates of Finland's defence capabilities before the Winter War were based on the same criteria.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[1] Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April 1940 and quickly captured the countries.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In May, Germany invaded France.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The northern part of the country was occupied directly by Germany and the southern part was formed by the German-controlled Vichy government, which refused to continue fighting.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Britain prepared for major air battles to prevent extensive German bombardment aimed at capturing the British Isles against it.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Baltic Sea had been closed by the Soviet Union and Germany, the only free passage to the oceans for foreign trade was the troublesome and long Liinahamar route to Petsamo.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

When Germany had also occupied Northern Norway by mid-June, Finland's physical isolation was almost complete: Germany would have been able to quickly cut off Finland's last open foreign trade route to the west if it wished, [2] and the same could have been done by the Soviet Fishermen and From the central blockade.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In June 1940, following the German takeover of Denmark, Norway and finally France, the Soviet Union began pressuring Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The first demand was to recover all equipment taken away from the Karelian Isthmus and Hanko rental area.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

A stake in Petsamo's nickel mines was also called for.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In July, the Soviet Union made a demand for the demilitarization of Åland, and the right to train transport across Finnish territory to Hanko.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[2] The agreement for transit from Finland's eastern border to Hankoniemi was signed in early September.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not reduce its pressure on Finland until early spring the following year.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[3] The political climate during the intermediate peace was pressing; for example, the demonstrations and the resulting riots of the Finnish and Soviet Peace and Friendship Society and the downshooting of the Aero airliner Kaleva in the Gulf of Finland in June 1940 at the same time as the occupation of the Soviet Union The Baltic States, was perceived very strongly in Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland was in a tight gap in foreign policy when Norway and the Baltics were overrun, Germany and the Soviet Union were in a diplomatic state of peace with each other, and Sweden's proposed confederation with Finland in October 1940 fell into opposition from the Soviet Union and Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Red Army Staff had issued instructions to the Leningrad Military District for a new war against Finland on 18 September 1940.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The order was further refined on 25 November with the requirement to draw up an attack plan in case of a situation in which Finland would be the enemy alone.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Baltic Fleet drew up a plan to take over Åland and the forces of the Hanko base were transferred under the Leningrad Military District and its defensive direction was reversed on 12 November 1940 parallel to the mainland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In the Soviet Union, the management of Finnish affairs was transferred to the Main Administration of State Security (GUGB) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Ministry), and in addition, invasion forces began to be transferred to their grouping areas.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov visited Berlin in November to ask German leader Adolf Hitler for consent to the occupation of Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, as the Germans had already included Finland in their invasion plans Hitler warned the Soviet Union to stay out of Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The rapprochement of Finland and Germany on 6 September 1940 Finland concluded a transit agreement with the Soviet Union for traffic to Hanko.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In August 1940, Field Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim, Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces, received an intelligence from Germany to allow the transit of German troops from ports in the Gulf of Bothnia to Kirkenes.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

At the same time, it was announced that it was possible for Finland to buy military equipment from Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Transit agreement: On 12 September, the Finnish General Staff and the German Air Force agreed to transport Luftwaffe crew and equipment through Finnish territory.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

A political agreement between the states on 22 September also allowed for transport by German land forces.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

A further increase in holiday traffic was negotiated in October.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The first troops came ashore at Vaasa on the 22nd and 26 in Oulu.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[4] The ore of the Kolo River in Petsamo, Germany saw as vital to its war industry and Petsamo as an indispensable stepping stone for the invasion of Murmansk.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union, on the other hand, after the end of the Winter War, felt no interest in Petsamo's nickel reserves, nor Petsamoo as a military territory.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[5] When the German authorities were planning to integrate Scandinavia into their own economic area, Finland was also included from April 1940, even though the country was part of the Soviet Union's interest.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[6] The situation at the nickel mine changed sharply in July 1940 with the Finnish and German I.G.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

With the agreement reached by Farbenindustrie.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Negotiations had been taking place since the spring, with the deal promising Germany 60% of production.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

German negotiators reported the ore to Berlin to be worth more than RM1 billion and enough for 20 years to cover the entire nickel need of Greater Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Late in the year, the Germans increased the ore volume estimate fourfold.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

After negotiations began, the Soviet Union already proposed the transfer of the mine concession to itself in June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Soviet forces intensified the claim by grouping to the frontier, and fortifying the Fishermen's blockade.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

England took a steeply negative view of mining negotiations with Germany, halting Liinahamar merchant ships.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland negotiated with everyone in a politically tight gap.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finns negotiated in tense moods in Moscow seven times, until February 1941 without agreeing to the Russians' demands.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviets also negotiated with Germany until March 1941, unsuccessfully.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[5] In protest, the Soviet Union stopped its exports to Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[7] Soon 90% of foreign trade was handled through Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Military cooperation between Finland and Germany began with negotiations between the countries' highest military command in the winter of 1940—1941.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Chiefs of General Staff held talks in Berlin in January.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Among other things, the Germans inquired about how long it took Finland to get its army to the border with the Soviet Union, and also received a response.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

From February 1941, road construction and reconnaissance cooperation with the Germans were conducted in Lapland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

German troops began arriving in Finland, which eventually reached 40,000 when the Continuation War broke out.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

During February—March, the Germans engaged in systematic reconnaissance in northern Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In April 1941, an engineering company in Ratas began to recruit volunteers for the Finnish battalion of the Waffen-SS's Wiking Division.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Enlistment continued into June 1941.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The first recruits left for Germany for training in May 1941.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[8] On 25 May 1941, during Operation Barbarossa and Finland, the Finnish Supreme Military Command visited the German General Staff in Salzburg, where a German military delegation led by General Alfred Jodl explained the planned invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Germans presented a plan of cooperation between German and Finnish combat forces.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland was asked to commit Soviet forces on its borders and participate in the offensive against Leningrad.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

During further negotiations between different types of weapons in Berlin 26—28.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On May technical and tactical information was exchanged.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[9] A transit permit was issued for German troops through northern Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The attack plan included the use of Finnish territory.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In particular, Finnish Lapland played an important role in taking control of Murmansk with the Germans aiming for the Arkhangelsk equality.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In the south, the attention of the Germans was drawn to the Gulf of Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, so that the recapture of Leningrad and its complete destruction would have become possible.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In May, the Finnish Supreme Command decided to take part in Germany's planned war expedition against the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

At the beginning of June, Germany was informed of the terms of participation: Finland should remain independent in future, Germany had to attack first, and only after the Soviet Union began the war effort would join the Finnish front.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[10] On 3 June 1941, during negotiations with Germany in Helsinki, it was agreed that, with Finland going to war with the Soviet Union, Germany would come to Finland's aid.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

At the same time, negotiations in Kiel agreed to joint war efforts, including mining the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, when war broke out.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Ore and Uti airfields were made available to the German Air Force even before the war.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Beginning on 7 June 1941, German troops intended for the invasion began arriving in Finnish ports.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On June 15, 1941, Mannerheim subjugated General Siilasvuo's army corps in northern Finland under German control.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On 18 June 1941, Finnish Air Force aircraft were painted yellow Eastern Front insignia in accordance with the German Luftwaffe.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On 22 June 1941, Germany launched the offensive and, as previously agreed, used Finnish airspace and airfields to bomb the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[11] The Germans began grouping invasion forces in northern Finland during the first week of June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finnish protective forces began moving into their positions on June 10, 1941, on June 17 a general mobilization was declared in Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On June 21, the government ordered 45,000 residences on the Soviet borders to be evacuated.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Transfers of German troops to Northern Finland Preparations for the arrival of German troops began immediately.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Arrangements were handled under the guise of transit organisation, and German forces were not authorized to move east of the Arctic Oceans until 18 June, when it was thought preparations for the invasion east had already been exposed anyway.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Two divisions of German troops, 20,000 men from Stettin and 10600 men from Oslo, were shipped to Oulu and transferred as train transports to Rovaniemi.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Shipings began on 5 June and the last troops were at Rovaniemi on 14 June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On 7 June, SS Division Nord began a march from Norway along the Arctic Sea Road via Vuoso and Sodankylä to Rovaniemi.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The passing march of the 8000—9000 man strong division's vehicle column lasted 10 hours.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The division was at Rovaniemi on 10 June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

A total force of 40600 men was concentrated in the Rovaniemi region, from where on 18 June they began moving towards Salla.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[12] The German Norwegian Army Staff moved to Rovaniemi on 15 June, Army commander Colonel General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst arrived a week later.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Two days after the HQ, Luftwaffe aircraft landed in Rovaniemi.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Of the corps, two mountain divisions (2nd and 3rd)


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

moved from Norway to Petsamo only on 22 June, [13] [14] for preparations German pioneers in civilian attire had already been allowed into the country a day earlier.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Petsamo's German divisions began an attack towards Murmansk on 29 June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Events just before the start of the war by order of the Finnish Air Force Staff, automatic morsing equipment was installed in the Lahti Radio Station and Turku and Oulu radio masts on 21 June for radio navigation of German bombers.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[15] According to Dr. Hannu Valtonen, who studied aviation history, German bombers flew at night 21—22.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

June from East Prussia through southern Finnish airspace to the north of Ladoga and thence south to the Leningrad region, where Germany and the Soviet Union engaged in the first air battles of the operation after about three o'clock in the early hours of the morning.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The German bombers then flew to Utt, Finland, where they refueled and from where they continued on to their home fields in East Prussia.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[16] 21—22.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

During the night between, the Germans in cooperation with the Finnish State Police took over the Soviet consulate in Petsamo and the Finns arrested the entire staff of the consulate and their families.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The German Gestapo confiscated the consulate's archives for examination and later forwarded them to Valpo.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[17] The German naval forces were taking advantage of Finnish territory, they had been relying on the Finnish coast and ports since mid-June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[16] The Finnish warfare command had already ordered the U-boat squadron on 17 June to take part in mining the Estonian coast and on the evening of 21 June the U-boat squadron received an execution order for its mission.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, Finnish submarines and Finnish and German ships began mining the Gulf of Finland to prevent the free passage of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The effort was to ensure that the Soviet fleet would not be able to distract from the Gulf of Finland to the flank of the Germans' land front to the Baltics, and to prevent an attack on Åland, the control of which was vital for Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Mining was extended on the 22nd off Soviet-occupied Estonia (including Tallinn).


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finnish submarines laid mines on the Estonian coast between 7:28 a.m. and 9:06 a.m. on 22 June 1941.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[18] [19] When information arrived in Finland about the start of the German invasion, the Finnish Navy immediately began Operation Kilsailing, i.e. the transfer of troops to the demilitarised Åland Islands.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Soviet aircraft carried out the first air attack of the war against the Finns after attacking warships involved in this operation as well as coastal forts at 6:05am on 22 June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In addition, artillery fire began from Hanko to Porsöhu, Storholm and the mainland at 6:50am [20] Adolf Hitler declared in a radio speech on 22 June that Finland would fight together (Im Verein) with Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland announced that it would remain neutral in foreign policy, but Hitler's speech was embarrassing for the country's leadership, it signaled to the world that Finland was allied with Germany in the war against the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[21] These actions also led the Soviet Union to initiate military action against Finland, as it considered Finland to allow its territory to be used to attack itself.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Despite the coordinated naval warfare initiated with Germany and the army stationed by Germany from the level of Nurmes as far as Petsamoo, Finland declared that it remained neutral in foreign policy.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] The course of the war The war begins Soviet attacks against Finland began at 06:05 on 22 June, when the Soviet Union bombed a Finnish naval division at sea.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Subsequently, on the same day, Finland participated in the mining of the southern Gulf of Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On the same day Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

German planes returning from the bombing flight stopped in Finnish territory for refueling.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviets responded by bombing Finnish military targets in Finland with aircraft and cannons.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland refrained from returning fire and tried to assert neutrality in the new war.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

A significant war effort was avoided between Finland and the Soviet Union for a few days.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On June 24, 1941, the Soviet Union evacuated its legation in Helsinki.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[11] On 25 June 1941, the Soviet Air Force bombed Helsinki, Turku and Porvoo, as well as a dozen other localities, with about 500 planes, of which 27 planes were shot down on Finnish territory.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Based on these bombings and past events, in its communique to parliament, the government had reached the conclusion that the country had fallen into a state of war.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

This position was adopted by Parliament [27].


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On the same day 25.6, Prime Minister Jukka Rangell stated on the radio that Finland was again at war with the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

War was declared on 26 June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finnish army and German troops in Finland began a ground offensive.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finnish army launched a major offensive in Ladoga Karelia in the direction of Korpiselä on 10 July with its focus on the left wing.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The brunt of the attack was the advance of the 1st Ice Brigade, commanded by Colonel Ruben Lagus, which reached the shores of Ladoga within days.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[28] By the end of August, the Karelian Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Erik Heinrichs had reached the limits preceding the Winter War.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finnish people who experienced the Winter War were, with rare unanimity, behind the country's leadership and the reclamation of lost Karelia.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The new war was seen as a continuation war of the Winter War, aimed at righting the wrong suffered.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[21] On several occasions the Soviet Union demanded Britain declare war on Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent Marshal Mannerheim a personal, private and secret letter expressing regret that Britain will soon have to declare war on Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Churchill also urged Finland not to cross the old border.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The letter is preserved at Britain's Imperial War Museum.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[29] Britain severed diplomatic relations on 1 August and threatened with war on 22 September unless the advance was cut off.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Following Finland's accession to the Anti-Comintern Treaty on 25 November, Britain filed an ultimatum demanding a cessation of hostilities by 5 December.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

After remaining without a satisfactory response, London announced on Finnish Independence Day, 6 December, a declaration of war on Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Relations with foreign countries deteriorated as Finnish forces advanced.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, the actual war effort between the two countries was already limited to the earlier bombing of Liinahamar on 30 June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Australia, Canada and New Zealand also submitted a declaration of war to Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Already during the civil war in 1918, Mannerheim had issued a declaration in Antrea on the Karelian Isthmus stating that we should not put his sword in a sheath until Finland and East Karelia were free.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In the Continuation War, Mannerheim issued his famous so-called sword-sheath day order, in which he referred to his declaration.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

There were also mentions of a large Finland in the daily order, which even at that time caused negative attention in political circles.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, Finland occupied the most extensive territory in its history.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Many people outside the right wanted to annex East Karelia to Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The grounds were not only ideological and political, but also military: the so-called Three Isthmus Line was easier to defend than the previous frontier.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

With Germany backed, there was an opportunity to do so.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On the other hand, there were economic motives in the form of exploitation of forest reserves in East Karelia.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, the territories were not legally annexed to Finland; only the territories lost in the Winter War were declared by Parliament as belonging to Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The management of the territories was provided by the Military Administration of East Karelia, which made preparatory measures to annex the conquered territories to Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Internment camps were established in the conquered territory, which in their own time were referred to at first as “concentration camps” and later as “displacement camps”.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[30] They were excluded: [31] (a) “unnational population from those areas where their stay in view of military action could not be permitted”; (b) “politically unreliable persons belonging to the national and non-national population of the military administrative territory”; (c) “in exceptional cases other persons belonging to the population of the Military Administrative Region whose vacancy was deemed undesirable”.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

When defined as the national population, the Finnish population was perceived as a native population.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[32] [33] The population of Väisniemi, Syyrinlaakso and Maanselänänänänänisthus, who traditionally happen to speak Russian, were moved from the front line to camps not only to prevent attacks by Soviet partisans, but also to protect civilians themselves.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In addition to this, refugees of non-Finnish descent were packed in Vänisniemi from all over the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic; while waiting in vain for transport across Sänisjärvi, they remained in the hands of the Finnish Defence Forces.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Based on the research literature, it can be estimated that evacuees or refugees from near the fronts may have numbered up to 16600 of the people placed in camps in East Karelia.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

This would mean more than 69% of the camps” highest population, which was 23984 people, on April 1, 1942.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[34] Mortality in the concentration camps of occupied East Karelia was up to 3.75%, significantly higher than among the free population of the same region (2.6%), in Finland (1.31%).


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The main reason for the high mortality rate among East Karelian campers appears to have been poor nutritional status and, to some extent, their age structure: a high relative proportion of women aged 20—30 years and minor children (almost 50%).


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[35] During the Continuation War, about 62000 Inger Finns migrated to Finland from the German-occupied Inger region.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The war of positions Mannerheim and Ryti had a negative view of the conquest of Leningrad and its direct support, as well as the severing of the Muurmann line in order to hold the argument for a separate war and to keep Finland better prospects for peace negotiations even after Germany's eventual defeat context [36].


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The advance of the Finns stalled on Mannerheim's orders in December 1941, when the so-called positional warfare phase began.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

It lasted two and a half years.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On 6 December, the territories lost in the Winter War were annexed back to Finland by the Parliament in restoring the borders of the Peace of Tartu.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, production and foreign trade declined, creating problems for the country's food supply.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The most difficult food situation was during the winter between 1942—1943.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In this case, for example, frontmen experienced deficiency diseases, and especially in some younger men general weakness due to lack of food.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The situation was saved by imports of food supplies, mostly from Germany and the countries under its influence.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In addition, the situation of the frontmen was facilitated by German troops in northern Finland who victualled 50,000 Finnish soldiers in their area of responsibility.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Despite the practical problems brought with them by long transport journeys, monotonous food and limited portions the victualling of the frontmen was satisfactorily successful.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

There were a total of 300 cases of deficiency disease that required hospitalisation among frontmen during the Continuation War, which can be considered quite a small number.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[37] In 1942 fighting continued fragmented at Sycolour and Kiesting.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finns' only offensive war during the entire war of positions remained the capture of Suursaari in March.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[38] On June 4, Mannerheim reached the age of 75 and was promoted to Marshal of Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The day was designated by defensive force as a flag feast day.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In Helsinki, a street was announced to be named in his honour.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Adolf Hitler unexpectedly visited Mannerheim's birthday party in Immola and complained that he had not been able to ensure Romanian oil for Germany to do anything for Finland before or during the Winter War.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

A recording of Hitler's “soliloquy” by the Finns also clarified the level of Soviet arms race that had surprised Hitler.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On his return visit to Germany, Mannerheim had apparently received further information about the German “expedition to the East” because, after his return, assessed to Defence Minister Walden the German “expedition to the east” as ending in disaster.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviets sent a military detachment behind the Finns front line around Rukajärvi.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, the Finns defeated the attempt in a short chase.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

After Germany suffered defeat at Stalingrad, efforts began to be made in Finland to distance themselves from Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The parliament began to show dissatisfaction towards Ryti, which was manifested by Secretary of State R.J.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On Witting's criticism of Ryti's signing of an anticomintern contract.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Parliament refused to extend the power law granted to Ryti.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, this did not prevent his re-election to an additional two-year term in February 1943.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, Prime Minister Rangell's government was switched to a less pro-German one led by Edwin Linkommies.