Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Former Aurori Porpentina “Tina” Goldstein arrests the Lizard, suspecting her to be an unregistered wizard, as she also let Non Taki go without oblivious to this.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Fantastic Breasts and Their Whereabouts (film)

Because of this, Tina takes the Lizard to the headquarters of the American United States Magic Congress (AYT).


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

However, President Seraphina Picquery and chief aurori Percival Vaka are too busy to listen to him.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

At the same time, Jacob accidentally releases other magic creatures from the Lizard's suitcase.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Vaka gets to know Mary Lou's adopted son, Valio, and offers to free her from the violent grip of her adoptive mother if she discovers the obscure, destructive power created when a young wizard or witch tries to hide her talents in fear or out of necessity.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Vaka suspects obscure to be the source of recent devastation and disturbance across New York City.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Around the same time, the Barebone family arrives with newspaper office manager and rich businessman Henry Shaw Sr.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

wishing to publish an article in his journal about the existence and danger of witches and wizards.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Tina and the Lizard find Jacob and the suitcase, after which Tina takes them to her home and presents these to her sister Queenie, who is lukilitis aka capable of reading people's souls and thoughts.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Queenie and Jacob flirt romantically, though American wizards are not allowed to marry non-dough.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

The Lizard presents Jacob with the contents of his suitcase, a magnificent zoo-like grooming orchard where the Lizard preserves various magical critters from extinction.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

The contents of the bag also include an obscure he isolated from a dying Sudanian girl.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

The lizard also persuades Jacob to help search for the escaped creatures.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

After they catch two of the three creatures, Tina takes the bag to AYT, where the Lizard is suspected of the devastation suffered by New York City along with the senatorial candidate Henry Shaw Jr.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

for causing death.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

When the Lizard tells the obscure apparently killed Henry Shaw Jr.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Judging by the traces of, a hall full of witches and sorcerers freaks out and Picquery orders them to be arrested, giving false information about the obscurs.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

He also orders the suitcase destroyed and Jacob to be untreated.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Later in the interrogation, Vaka accuses Lizard and Tina of being henchmen of the darkness wizard Gellert Grindelwald and sentences them to death.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

However, Queenie and Jacob rescue them and the foursome grab the last of the escaped creatures after receiving clues about them from a land hisgangaster named Murjoo.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Valio finds a magic wand under his adopted sister Vieno's bed.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Mary Lou is about to punish Valio for owning the rod until the obskuuri breaks free and kills everyone except Vieno and Valio.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Vaka arrives on the scene, helps Valio and they go looking for Vieno, whom Vaka thinks is an obskuuri carrier.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

They arrive at the home of Vieno's biological family, where Vaka claims to Valo this is a surki (a descendant of sorcerers who does not taio), but then Valio reveals the obskuuri coming from him himself and unleashes its powers to destroy the city.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

In the Metro Tunnel, Lizard and Tina, who knows Valio, try to talk to him, but Vaka tries to gain Valio's trust himself.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Then Picquery and the Aurors arrive to destroy Valio and the Obskur magic in order to guard against the existence.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Fantastic Balls and Their Whereabouts (film)

Vaka admits to contributing to the appearance of obscure and accused AYT of protecting non-batters instead of wizards.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

The lizard and one of his critters hold him back and they find out Vaka is in reality a disguised Grindelwald, who is ultimately arrested by the Aurors.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

But the no-batters had already seen the obscure, and AYT can't unsleep an entire city.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

The lizard releases its thunderbird Frank to create the rain and spread it into the mix of magic potions, resulting in the rain created by Frank wiping all recent events in New York from the non-batters' memory as AYT wizards repair the devastation caused by the obscure.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Jacob says goodbye to his friend and kisses Queenie before the rain erases his memories too.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

The lizard leaves back to Europe, but promises to return to Tina as long as she finishes her book The Wonderings and their whereabouts.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

He also anonymously leaves Jacob okami eggshells made up of soft silver so Jacob could realise his dream of making his own bakery.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

He unknowingly draws inspiration for his bakery from the Lizard creatures and also gets Queenie as a guest at his bakery, who upon seeing a smile spreads across Jacob's face.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Actors Production Fantastic Beasts and their whereabouts are first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, as part of the school books Harry had to buy for his first year at Hogwarts.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

In 2001, Rowling wrote the correct version of this schoolbook for the charity.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

In 2013, Warner Bros.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

announced that they would be making three new Harry Potter spin-off films based on this book, which would be scripted by Rowling, directed by David Yates and produced by David Heyman.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Initially, the studio wanted a third film, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, with director Alfonso Cuarón directing the Miracle Things films, but he knocked down the offer.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Later, the studio also announced that James Newton Howard would be composing the music for the film.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Eddie Redmayne was chosen to play the film's protagonist Lizard Scamander in June 2015.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

[1] The Lizard for the role of Scamander was also played by Matt Smith and Nicholas Hoult.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Two weeks later, Katherine Waterston was chosen to play Porpentina “Tina” Goldstein [2] and Alison Sudol was cast to play the role of Porpentina's sister, Queenie Goldstein.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Johnny Depp plays a small part in the film.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

[3] Michael Gambon, who starred as Albus Dumbledore in six Harry Potter films, also wanted to appear in the film.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

Awards and Nominations for Sequels In October 2016, J. K. Rowling reported that the film will receive four sequels.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

[5] Johnny Depp, [3] Eddie Redmayne, Ezra Miller and Zoë Kravitz are attached to the next film.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

The next film will be titled Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald and has a release date of November 16, 2018.


Question: When was the first wonderbeings movie released?

[6] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rowling, J. K.| title = Wonders and their whereabouts: Original film screen| location = Helsinki| publisher = Tambi| year= 2017| version = Translated by Jaana Kapari-Jatta| isbn = 978-951-9367 -6}} On topic elsewhere Category:Films of 2016 Category:American films of 2016 Category:Harry Potter films Category:Films based on books Category:Films happening in New York Category:Films directed by David Yates Category:Best Academy Award-winning films in costume Category:BAFTA Film Award winning films Category:3D Films Category:IMAX Films


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Winter War was a war fought from 30 November 1939 — 13 March 1940 between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Soviets began the Winter War by attacking without a declaration of war, and the war ended 105 days later with the Moscow Peace Treaty.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The League of Nations condemned the attack and separated the Soviet Union from its membership on 14 December 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

World War II had begun three months earlier after Germany and the Soviet Union occupied Poland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Because a low-event fake war was underway on the Western Front, the Winter War was closely monitored by the Western press.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The terms sisu and Molotov cocktail became internationally known.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The designation Winter War only came into use during the Continuation War, including in the Mannerheim Day Order No 1 in June 1941, but did not stabilise immediately.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Earlier and partly parallel designations included the Finnish War 1939—40 and the Finnish—Russian War 1939—40.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[1] The war is known for particularly difficult winter conditions (the winter of 1939—1940 was the coldest of the century), the immense male losses of the Red Army, the motto tactics of the Finns, and the “spirit of the Winter War”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

As a result of the war, Finland lost 11% of its land holdings to the Soviet Union and its second largest city, Vyborg.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The revancy spirit created by the Winter War was instrumental in bringing Finland into the Continuation War.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Background Great Powers Germany and the Soviet Union World War I meant a loss of great power status for Germany and Soviet Russia.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Both countries recovered in the 1930s by coming back as dictatorships to the great powers, and began to seek back territories they had lost.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Europe's democratic superpowers France and Britain were politically weak.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[2] With the independence of Finland and Estonia, Russia had lost all of the coastal fortifications in the Gulf of Finland, with the exception of Kronstadt, thus weakening Leningrad's defensive position.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Similarly, the border between Finland and the Soviet Union ran on the Rajajoki from the city at a distance of only about 32 km.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Taking Finland would offer the Soviet Union several advantages: it could threaten Germany to import vital iron ore from northern Sweden, control the Baltic Sea, and gain industry and ore reserves from Finland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[3] Immediately after his rise to power, German leader Adolf Hitler began systematic efforts to dismantle the world order created by the Versailles Peace Treaty.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In March 1935, Germany broke away from the provisions of the treaty restricting its armed forces and declared general conscription and in March 1936 occupied the Rhineland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

This led, in part, to the Politburo member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and secretary of the Leningrad District of the NKP, Colonel General Andrei Ždanov, in a menacingly tinged speech in November 1936 likening Leningrad to a window opening westward, from behind which could be heard increasingly loud' pedo-howling and teeth bite of fascism”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Ždanov's speech was a warning to the Soviet Union's western neighbours that an eastern superpower preparing for war would not allow Finland and the Baltic states such luxury as neutrality.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[4] Finland-Soviet relations Finland had been part of the Russian Empire between 1809 and 1917.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Relations between the Grand Duchy of Finland and Russia had been stable and peaceful until the Russification periods and the First World War.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Great War broke up the Russian Empire in 1917, and in the event of upheaval Finland gained independence, but was followed by a civil war in which Soviet-Russia supported the Red Guards and Germany a division of Brandenstein and the German Baltic Division supported the Whites.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

After the Civil War, Finnish volunteer troops penetrated Russian territory in connection with the so-called tribal wars.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

After the war, relations between Finland and the Soviet Union were marked by suspicion and resentment, exacerbated by right-wing radicalism in Finland in the 1920s—1930s and Soviet meddling in Finland's internal affairs by supporting communist activities.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

As the Soviet Union grew stronger, it began to take an interest in restoring its former periphery.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Formally, relations between the two countries improved, among other things, with the Non-Aggression Treaty of 1932, but in practice intervals were quite cool before World War II.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[5] In the September situation of 1939, Finns mainly sought to rely on the international community, the League of Nations and Nordic cooperation.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[6] In the Soviet Union, communist persecution, German-friendly and Greater Suomi dreaming were closely monitored by the Lapua Movement, Patriotic People's Movement and the Academic Kareliala Society.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Dreams of a Greater Finland took on a serious tone when, according to the Russians, Germany was envisaged as the background force for their implementation.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In the spring of 1938, Vladimir Derevyanski, the Soviet ambassador to Helsinki, drew attention in a report sent to Moscow to the fact that at the 20th anniversary of the liberation of Helsinki on 16 May 1938, General Rüdiger von der Goltz, who had served as commander of German auxiliary forces in 1918, had taken with Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim to receive a celebratory parade with the ringing of the Guard playing the German “Alte Kameraden” (Old Comrades) march.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[7] Rudolf Holsti, who became Foreign Minister in the Kallio government, sought to improve relations between Finland and the Soviet Union by visiting Moscow, which came to fruition in February 1937.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Holst's trip was supported domestically by the political left and centre, against it were the right and military circles.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

It was the first visit by a Finnish foreign minister to the Soviet Union in 20 years.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

During the visit, the Soviet Minister of Defense, Marshal Kliment Vorošilov asked Holst what Finland would do if any third state used Finnish territory to attack the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Holsti replied as a personal position that Finland would fight against every invader.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Holst's position was formally confirmed by President Kyösti Kallio in his inaugural address to parliament in early March 1937.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The election of Kallio as president and the appointment of Cajander's cabinet put individuals in the Finnish leadership who were not so pro-German in Moscow's eyes as their predecessors.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

However, the period of enlargement fell short as the Soviet Union wanted tangible security policy outcomes in addition to diplomatic rapprochement.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[8] Soviet propaganda sought to make the most of the supposed plans of the Finns to invade East Karelia, ignoring the fact that this kind of thing was dreamed of only by a small far-right minority.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Soviet Union's own action in the autumn of 1939 showed that it could not expect the Finns to be able to attack when it did not believe the Finns could even defend their own country.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Instead, the Soviets feared a flank attack by the Germans through Finland against Leningrad just as Imperial Russia had during World War I feared a German invasion of Saint Petersburg via southern Finland, leaving Finland presumed defenseless to be helpless to take independent position on issues.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[9] Finnish-German relations Germany was, along with Sweden, the main source of influences in Finland during the 1930s.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

However, support for the National Socialists was marginal in Finland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[10] For the Cajander Red Mud Government, appointed in March 1937, it was not at all incompatible with the regime in Germany and how the powers there conducted themselves.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The German envoy to Helsinki, Wipert von Blücher, reported to Berlin on the Finnish attitude towards Germany and, in particular, the propaganda hostile to Germany by social-democratic magazines among the working people.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In March 1938, the Finnish Social Democrat, the main SDP supporter, condemned the Anschluss, namely the annexation of Austria to Germany, even though this had taken place under an apparent “referendum”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[11] The conquest of Czechoslovakia in the spring of 1939 was seen in Finland as an even worse demonstration of the great power's ruthlessness towards smaller states.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

It shocked even Finnish right-wing circles because this measure could not be justified by a nationality idea.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Subsequently, in a report sent to Berlin, von Blücher stated that the renowned draw towards the Third Reich had hit its lowest in Finland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Max Jakobson has stated that “if the reports of von Blücher, the German envoy to Helsinki from 1937 to 1939, had accidentally strayed into Moscow, there would hardly have been any more nightmare dreams about the Finnish-German conspiracy”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[12] German propaganda took a nice view of Finnish assistance from Western powers, even against it.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Most obviously, the secret Additional Protocol to the Non-Aggression Treaty has been affected.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

When President P. E. Svinhufvud planned in October 1939 to travel to Germany to obtain support for Finland, Envoy Wipert von Blücher received a call from his superiors in Berlin to block it: “Please point out to him that Germany is not interested in the problems between Finland and the Soviet Union.” On the contrary, Germany urged Finland to make sensible concessions, as too much stubbornness would lead to war, as a result of which Finland would soon be left with “nothing but a poignant heroine”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[13] Italy, belonging to the Axis powers, did not see Germany's actions favourably, but tried to help Finland with greater aid without success.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Nordic orientation and Åland fortress plans In 1921, Finland concluded a treaty in Warsaw that annexed Finland to the Eastern European group of states led by Poland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

This group of states formed a buffer zone between France and the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

However, Finland did not ratify the treaty, which it felt contained hazards rather than safety, and as the 1930s entered this so-called Baltic trend faded in Finland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On the other hand, no formal agreements were needed as a basis for Nordic cooperation.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Finland joined in 1933 the so-called. Oslo States, which included not only the Nordic countries but also the Benelux countries.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The following year Finland participated for the first time in a meeting of Nordic foreign ministers.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Nordic cooperation developed into the so-called Nordic trend, which emphasized neutrality.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In December 1935, the Nordic trend was chosen as Finland's official foreign policy line.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[14] Finland's acceptance into the Nordic countries was not self-evident, as doubts arose especially during the Kivimäki government (1932—1936) about the authenticity of Finnish democracy, relations with Germany and the status of the Swedish language.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Especially during the Cajander government (1937—1939), these doubts were successfully dispelled and cooperation with the Nordic countries deepened.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[15] The development of Nordic cooperation was reflected, for example, in the increased meetings of foreign ministers, the removal of barriers to commercial cooperation, a common plan to safeguard the maintenance of times of crisis, a harmonised appearance in the League of Nations and a common attitude for example, into the Spanish Civil War.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In 1938, common rules of neutrality were adopted through which the world hoped to recognise the Nordic countries as “a pacified region where it would not be worth hunting”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[16] However, Nordic cooperation did not lead to a defence alliance, as there were no political conditions for it.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Finland feared the Soviet Union, Sweden feared the Soviet Union and Germany, Denmark was afraid of Germany, and Norway imagined that no one had to fear for its location.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[17] However, Norway, in Germany's view, was associated with controlling the North Sea in an essential way and to the Danish straits, so it did not adopt Norway's policy of neutrality that understood England.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Links with Sweden and the purchase of iron ore from there were essential to Germany's equipping.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Although the defence alliance did not arise in the absence of a common enemy, the Nordic countries were united by an effort to avoid going to war.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Therefore, in 1938, talk began to be made of “defensive readiness extended up to military measures.”


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[18] In the end, all that remained of the Nordic Defence League was Sweden's and Finland's quest for military cooperation in the Åland archipelago.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[19] JARTSEV negotiations in Finland on 14 April 1938, Boris Jartsev, Second Secretary of the Soviet Legation in Helsinki, arrived to meet Foreign Minister Rudolf Holst.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[20] According to Jartsev, the Soviet government was confident that Germany was planning an attack on the Soviet Union and that plans included a flank strike through Finland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Thus, Finland's attitude towards the invasion of the Germans was important to the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Red Army would not wait for the Raja River if Finland allowed the invasion.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On the other hand, if Finland were to oppose the invasion of the Germans, the Soviet Union would provide military and economic assistance, since Finland's ability to repel the German invasion by its own forces was not trusted.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[21] The start of the JARTSEV negotiations was led by the Anschluss, namely Austria's annexation of Hitler's Germany in March 1938, which from Moscow's perspective marked the first rift in the Soviet Union's western buffer zone.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[22] Over the next five months, Jartsev held talks several times with, among others, Prime Minister A.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

With K. Cajander and Finance Minister Väinö Tanner.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Finland's assurance that Finland would not allow its integrity to be violated or attacked by the Soviet Union was not sufficient for the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[23] The Soviet Union demanded a secret treaty that would allow it to participate in the defence of Finland — and above all its maritime borders — in the German offensive and in the fortification of Åland; moreover, it would also have wanted to have a fortified air and sea defence base in Suurissaari.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Finland rebuffed Jartsev's proposal in late August 1938.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In March 1939, the Soviet Union announced that it wanted to lease Suursaari, Lavansaari, Daughter Islands and Seiskar for 30 years.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Later, land from East Karelia was offered in exchange for the islands.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[24] Mannerheim was prepared to cede islands that would effectively not have been able to defend, as well as border revisions on the Isthmus.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[25] The break off of these negotiations on 6 April 1939 led to the Moscow negotiations in the fall of 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Moscow's negotiations on Finnish territory after the Molotovin—Ribbentropin Pact, signed on 23 August, initially felt relief in Finland that the German-Soviet conflict, and with it, Finland's entry into the Great War, seemed to have been averted.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Quite soon, however, doubts began to be expressed as to the price Hitler had paid for safeguarding his back.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The price was hidden in a secret additional protocol to the treaty, which proved fatal for Finland and the Baltic states: together with the eastern part of Poland, they were read as belonging to the Soviet sphere of interest.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Stalin, on the other hand, bought additional time to equip himself with the treaty, as he — as well as Hitler — knew the treaty would only postpone the German-Soviet confrontation more imported.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In early September 1939, Germany invaded Poland and World War II began after France and the United Kingdom, in accordance with their promise to Poland, declared war on Germany.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The declaration of war was joined by India, Australia and New Zealand, who were members of the British Commonwealth.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[26] The Soviet Union invited Finnish representatives to negotiate in Moscow on “concrete political issues” on October 5, 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Negotiations took place in three sections, 12—14.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

October, 3—4 a.m.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

November and 9 November 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Finland's negotiators for the first time were the envoy, State Counsellor J. K. Paasikivi, Finland's envoy to Moscow, Aarno Yrjö-Koskinen, Head of Division at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Johan Nykopp, and Colonel Aladár Paasonen as military expert.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On the second and third trips, the Finnish delegation had as the second chief negotiator alongside Paasikivi, Finance Minister Väinö Tanner.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Rafael Hakkarainen, the State Counsellor, was on the third trip.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[27] The Soviet Union proposed that Finland should cede parts of the Karelian Isthmus and the outer islands of the Gulf of Finland to the Soviet Union, as well as the port of Hanko and Lappohh.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Similarly, the Soviet Union offered a territorial exchange in which Finland would have received wider territories from Repola and Porajärvi in East Karelia.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Repola and Porajärvi were territories that had sought independence from 1918—1920 Russia, but which, by the Peace Treaty of Tartu, remained in Soviet Russia.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Finnish Council of State did not agree to the barter to the extent shown, as both public opinion and parliament opposed it, but offered only the areas closest to Leningrad, Kuokkala Bend and Terijoki to the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Negotiations broke off 9.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

on Nov.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[28] Finnish negotiators returned to Helsinki with the ominous words uttered by Vyacheslav Molotov, the Soviet Foreign Minister, during the last round of negotiations: “Now the civil authorities have dealt with the matter, and when no agreement has been reached, the matter must be given to the soldiers.” [ 29] According to current Russian historiography, a negotiated outcome would have been possible until the end of October, when the plan for the war against Finland was finally approved.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[30] The Soviet Union had previously made similar demands to the Baltic States, which agreed to hand over to the Red Army bases in their territories.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Finns chose otherwise: from 10 October 1939, Finland invited the soldiers of its reserve for an additional refresher exercise, which effectively amounted to mobilization.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[31] Negotiations ended fruitless on Nov.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Eventually, on 26 November 1939, the Soviets staged the Mainila shots, with which the Soviets justified the war as a defensive measure.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[32] On 28 November, the Soviet Union exited the non-aggression pact and severed diplomatic relations between the two countries on 29 November.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Preparations for the invasion of the Soviet Union Already after the end of the negotiations in the spring of 1939 were inconclusive, the possibilities of military conflict were considered under the leadership of the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In June 1939, Stalin drew the attention of General Kirill Meretskov, commander of the Leningrad Military District, to the danger posed by Finland's “Soviet hostility”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

When Stalin stressed that he expected serious action on the part of Germany still that summer, he tasked Meretskov with drawing up a plan for border protection and counterattack against the Finnish defences in the event of a military provocation.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[33] At the start of the Second World War in early September 1939, the Soviet Union declared mobilisation, in connection with which troops on the borders with Finland were also reinforced.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Apparently, the actual concentrations aimed at war began only after the Soviet leadership had become clear of Finland's inclination.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

This is supported by the fact that the Soviet concrete war effort against Finland began two weeks after negotiations between the Finns and the Soviets had broken off.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

As the Polish expedition proved to be shorter than expected and when the Baltic bases were quickly occupied, troops originally intended for these directions could be moved to the eastern border of Finland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[34] A public secret circulated in Moscow's diplomatic circles in mid-November that 18 Red Army divisions had already been concentrated on the Finnish border.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[35] During the Winter War, Soviet prisoners of war reported that the Red Army corps detachments concentrated at the Finnish borders were certain since mid-November that war would break out.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[36] According to the preconception of the Soviet leadership, the war against Finland was not to be difficult or long-term.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Germany would certainly remain loyal to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and would not intervene, and Sweden would not help Finland either.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[37] Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov ordered the Soviet envoy to Stockholm, Aleksandra Kollontai, specifically to ensure that Sweden, Norway and Denmark would not get involved in the conflict between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[38] No miracle was expected of Finland's own defenses other than the Finns themselves.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In particular, Leningrad's party secretary, Colonel General Andrei Ždanov, convinced Stalin that Finland could be managed “neatly” by the forces of the Leningrad Military District.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The working population of Finland was supposed to rise in revolt against the bourgeois government and take on the Red Army as a “liberator”, which would have freed the Soviet Union from the embarrassing ballast of appearing as an aggressor.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

A couple of months earlier, the Red Army had unopposed occupied eastern Poland, whose population was predominantly Ukrainians and Belarusians.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

There it had appeared as a liberator of the tribal brethren after they were exposed to “all kinds of dangers” as a result of the dissolution of the Polish state, so it might as well march to Finland to free the “proletarians”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[39] Propaganda attack on the eve of the war, following the breakdown of negotiations between the Finns and the Soviet leadership, the Soviet newspaper press began a vigorous campaign of criticism and vilification against Finland in mid-November 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The journals published deliberately and deliberately coloured news that seemed incomprehensible from Finland's point of view.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The campaign was largely aimed at shaping the mood of the Soviet population to support an invasion of Finland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The inscriptions included the desertions of Finnish soldiers from their garrisons and mutinies against their officers, skirmishes between reservists and patrons who had claimed casualties, and an extreme example of 1500 atheists supposedly carried out in Tampere liquidation.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Finnish public opinion was said to be opposed to the attitude of the Finnish delegation at the Moscow talks and the British government's inciting the Finnish government to engage in warlike adventures.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In an inscription published in Pravda, the main voice supporter of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, on 26 November 1939, Prime Minister A.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

K. Cajander was insulted as a “stumping cock”, a “writhing snake”, a “greedy little beast”, a “puppet of imperialists” and a “circus clown standing on top”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Finnish envoy to Moscow, Aarno Yrjö-Koskinen, who had been summoned to Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov on the evening of the same day, intended to express his objections to Pravda's writing, but before Yrjö-Koskinen could speak, Molotov read to him the Soviet government of Finland a sharp note to the government in response to the shots in Mainila.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[40] When Molotov on 28 November informed Yrjö-Koskinen, who was once again invited to the Kremlin, that the Soviet Union was unilaterally terminating its non-aggression pact with Finland “due to Finland's hostile attitude”, Yrjö-Koskinen pointed out that it was not possible to terminate the agreement before for the year 1945.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

To this, Molotov did not respond anything.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[41] The Finns, who felt violated, did not keep up with this chain of events, but considered legal considerations that had nothing more to do with reality.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

However, Hitler's Germany had done exactly the same way three months earlier before the invasion of Poland, and the Red Army had delayed its march to eastern Poland until it could be noted that the Polish government had fallen short of the user and the Ukrainians and Belarusians were “longing” protection”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Against this background, it was insignificant whether or not there had been a shooting in Mainila.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[42] The military and political invasion of the Red Army invasion of Finland began on 30 November 1939.


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Winter War

The Red Artillery opened fire on the Karelian Isthmus at 6:50 a.m.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[43] However, on the shores of the Arctic Ocean and in Salla, the attack can be considered to have begun a few days earlier.


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Winter War

[44] At 9 o'clock, the first air alert was issued in Vyborg.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

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During the first day, the Soviet Air Force bombed 16 localities in Finland, including Helsinki twice.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov gave a late evening radio speech and reported that the Soviet government had instructed the Red Army to ensure the external security of the Soviet state.


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Winter War

In Finland, President Kyösti Kallio read the parliament's decision on the state of war on the radio at 1:30 p.m.


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The League of Nations condemned the attack and separated the Soviet Union from the organization [45] on 14 December 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On 1 December, the Soviet leadership formed the government of the Finnish People's Republic of Terijoki, led by Otto Wille Kuusinen, out of the Reds who fled to Soviet Russia after the 1918 civil war.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Soviet Union announced its recognition of the Government of the People's Republic of Finland as the only official government in Finland, that it was waging war against the White-Finnish rebellious forces, and refused to negotiate with the new government formed by Risto Ryti on 1 December.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[46] The imposition of the Terijoki government revealed that the Soviet objective was to take over all of Finland.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Terijoki's government was also supposed to act as a political offensive wedge that would open the way to Helsinki for the Red Army.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

It was otherwise and the outside threat united the Finns, regardless of class boundaries, to defend themselves against the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[47] On 7 December 1939, the staff of the Finnish Embassy received permission, with the Winter War already raging, to travel from Moscow by train via Latvia to Germany.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

There, military attachés belonging to the Finnish embassy staff heard alarming news.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Dining with military agents was a German acquaintance of Major Kaarlo Somerro, a lieutenant colonel working in the foreign section of the German General Staff.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

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He told me that at the General Staff meeting Adolf Hitler would have wanted to declare war on Finland alongside the Soviet Union.


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However, the declaration of war tapered to the absolutely negative opposition of Marshal Herman Göring.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

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The Finns speculated this was the German idea of occupying demilitarized Åland and thus securing ore shipments from northern Sweden.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[48] Troops Finnish Army Army of the Isthmus II Army Corps (II AK, 3 divisions and Cavalry Brigade) III Army Corps (III AK, 2 divisions) In addition, one division IV army corps (IV AK, 2 divisions) Northern Finland Group Lapland Group during the war a further I Army Corps was formed, which belonged to the Army of the Isthmian.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Red Army 7th Army 8th Army 9th Army 14th Army to Finnish Front was sent during the war still 13th Army and 15th Army.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The two phases Winter War can be divided into two different phases: the failure of the Red Army attacks and the successful interceptor battle of the Finnish Defence Forces in December 1939 on all fronts.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

the gradual breaching of Finnish defences in the western part of the Karelian Isthmus and the Gulf of Vyborg in February—March 1940 caused by the pressure of a major offensive by the Soviet Army.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Due to limited crew and material resources, the combat capability of the Finnish Defence Forces peaked at the end of December and, in the absence of adequate replenishment, it was reduced towards the end of the war.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The opposite was true for the Red Army; a serious underestimation of enemy combat capability observed at the beginning of the war and overestimation of its own capabilities could be corrected by significant resource increases in January—February 1940.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Objectives Finland had concentrated the first defence protection forces on the eastern border already during the Moscow negotiations and, under the guise of YH, a significant part of the field army was in defensive positions at the start of the war.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Soviet strategy was to invade Finland from six points along the eastern border: Karjalan Kannas, Ladoga Karelia, Kuhmo (and Lieksa), Suomussalmi, Salla and Petsamo.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The main objective was the Karelian Isthmus, which was to advance to Vyborg and on to Helsinki.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Another important direction was Ladoga Karelia, from which Karelian stock and southern Finland could be threatened.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The third key objective was to cut off Finland's “waist” at its narrowest point and advance to Oulu.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In Lapland, the goal was to take Salla via Rovaniemi and reach the Swedish border.


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Winter War

Petsamo was pursued mostly because of ore resources in the area and the port.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Red Army was capable of deploying stronger troop divisions than the Finnish warfare command had expected: entire, partly motorised divisions, in the area between the northern side of Ladoga and Petsamo.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In terms of the Finnish army's fighting capability, the first week of war was marked by unaccustomed to war and, among other things, tank horrors, that is, panic situations caused by enemy tank forces, which led to a faster than planned withdrawal from the Reich frontier.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Finns' good improvisational ability (dismembering tactics of motti and troop divisions) and rapid development of interceptor equipment (including firebottles) [49], as well as the almost complete commitment of Red Army troops to road work, made the situation more advantageous for the Finns and raised the confidence of Finnish soldiers.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The pressure of the war also caused personnel changes in the Red Army.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Finland's combat victories in December and January on the Karelian Isthmus, the Red Army offensive stopped on 5 December at the end of the fighting on the Mannerheim Line, where the advanced tactics of Finnish artillery and its cooperation with the infantry came to light — as long as there was sufficient artillery ammunition.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Karelian stock was defended by the Army of the Isthmian divided into II Army Corps in the Western Column and III Army Corps in the Eastern Isthmus.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The former included the 4th, 5th, and 11th divisions, and to the latter the 8th and 10th divisions.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Army of the Isthmian and Headquarters reserve were the 1st and 6th Divisions.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Groups of the Soviet 7th Army began the first breakthrough attempt at the Taipaleen River on the Eastern Isthmus on 6 December, but the offensive ended in failure on 8 December 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The 7th Army comprised nine infantry divisions, a Panzer Army Corps and three armoured brigades.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The new attempt was scored 15—17.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

December ending with the defeat of the Finns.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Fighting in the Red Army's center of gravity in the village of Summa in the western column began on 17 December and lasted until 22 December.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The struggle ended with heavy losses for the Red Army.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

It was typical of the fighting for Soviet panzers to easily penetrate the positions of the Finns, under the cover of artillery concentrations, but the Finns were capable, with artillery fire and effective infantry fire, to keep the Red Army infantry and tank forces separate from each other.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

After the infantry had been destroyed to barbed wire barriers, the tanks were destroyed by anti-tank tanks and pile charges.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[50] After the Red Army offensive had been halted on the Karelian Isthmus in December, Marshal Mannerheim authorised the launch of a counterattack towards Soviet positions.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The II Army Corps of the Isthmian Army reinforced with two reserve divisions conducted a counterattack on 23 December 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

However, it failed and II Army Corps suffered heavy losses.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The event was named “fool's cans”.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[51] The 8th Army, six divisions and one armoured brigade, attacked towards Finland in Ladoga Karelia.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

They advanced up to the northern shore of Lake Ladoga and a slightly more northerly route, through the strategically important area of Suojärvi towards Sortavala.


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Winter War

The Finns resisted the attack with the 12th and 13th Divisions of the IV Army Corps.


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Winter War

Suojärvi was quickly recaptured, and after unsuccessful counterattacks, the Finnish defences stabilized on the Kollaanjoki from 7 December.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On the shores of Ladoga, the Finnish army initially withdrew via Salmin—Pitkäranta, but the Red Army was stopped in the Kitilän—Koirinoja area on 11—15.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

on Dec.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In December, the Finns began counterattacks, which eventually led to the emergence of the Kitilän—Koirinojan—Lemet mots in early January 1940.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In them, fighting continued until the end of the Winter War.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[52] In addition to the fighting victories in the Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia, the Finnish army achieved the first offensive and strategically significant victory.


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Winter War

December at Lake Tolvajärvi in Raja-Karelia.


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Winter War

In the fighting, Group Talvela, led by Colonel Paavo Talvela, with Lieutenant Colonel Aaro Pajari as the front commander, struck the 139th Infantry Division of the Red Army, thus preventing the Red Army's attack on the back of the Finnish troops fighting in Ladoga Karelia.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Northern Finland Major victories based on the war of aggression and attracted significant international attention by the Finns in the Battle of Suomussalmi on 27—29.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

December 1939 and the ensuing Battle of Raatteentie 1—7.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

on January 1940.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On the Finnish side, the 9th Division under Colonel Hjalmar Siilasvuo was responsible for the combat action.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In the battle, the Soviet 163rd and 44th Infantry Divisions were destroyed with relatively few Finnish troops, as well as a considerable war booty.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The battles in the area between Ladoga Karelia and Suomussalmi are good examples of effective exploitation of terrain and conditions in war and motto tactics.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

As a result of heavy losses, the Soviet Union abandoned its goal of cutting Finland off the level of Oulu.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[53] In the Kuhmon—Lieksa area, Finnish brigade Vuokko prevented the penetration of the Red Army's 54th Infantry Division in the directions of Kajaani and Pielisjärvi from 8 to 28.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

in the raven battles of December 1939.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

After the fighting in Suomussalmi, the 9th Division was transferred in January 1940 to the Kuhmon—Lieksa area where it tried to destroy the aforementioned Soviet division.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

However, the attempt failed, so a motto war that lasted until the end of the war ended in the area.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[54] During December 1939, Sections Roininen and Suoranta stopped Soviet 122 in Salla.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

(and 88.)


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Infantry Division attacks on the Kemijärvi area.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Similarly, at Petsamo, the Finnish detachment Pennanen stopped the advance of the Soviets 52nd Infantry Division and the 104th Mountain Division into the Nautsin-Featherjärvi area.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[55] The Red Army Grand Offensive in February Soviet preparations The Red Army's failure to take Finland in December 1939 led to a thorough re-evaluation of the situation at the turn of 1939—1940.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Combat activity subsided considerably for almost a month and a significant force group against Finland also began to be assembled in relation to Soviet resources.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On 7 January 1940, the High Command of the Red Army, Stavka established the Northwest Front Staff to lead the war against the Finns and 1st Class Army Commander Semjon Timošenko was appointed at its head.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Karelian Isthmus Front was divided into two parts and 7.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The army was assigned front responsibility for the western part of the area, where the focus of the major offensive was placed, and a new 13 was brought to the eastern part.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Army.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The total number of Soviet divisions on the Karelian Isthmus increased from ten to 21—26 and in addition, Timoshenko gained access to five new armoured brigades and 11 artillery regiments, as well as additional air force support.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Red Army had 4000 cannons and 1000—1200 tanks at its disposal on the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

An additional high command reserve 28 was formed in the Leningrad region.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Army Corps.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

A 6 kilometer wide center of gravity was created in the area of the sum, where 50 attacked


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The army corps, three divisions supported by 500—1000 guns and 200 tanks, on the flanks attacked the 10th and 19th.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Army Corps.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Artillery density peaked at around 50—100 guns per front kilometre.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On the Finnish side, the main attack was taken up by one, the 3rd Division formed in Satakunta and Häme, with the 4th and 2nd divisions on their sites (in early January 1940, the numbering of some Finnish divisions was changed: 6 D.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

→ 3.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

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D., 10 D.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

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→ 7 D., 11 D.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

→ 2 D.).


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[56] Major Offensive to break through the Isthmus of the Mannerheim Line, on 1 February 1940, the Red Army began a vigorous and sustained artillery action that initialised the offenders, particularly on the Summa block.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

It was also accompanied by round-the-clock attacks by infantry and armoured forces.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The end result was damage to Finnish positions and fatigue of troops with minimal reserves even before the main attack began.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Due to constant combat contact, troops could not be replaced.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The actual general attack began at 8:40am on the morning of 11 February with artillery fire accelerating into intense drum fire.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

By the afternoon, the Soviets achieved a decisive breakthrough in Summa with the Source block.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In the Red Army, cooperation between artillery, tank units and infantry had improved significantly, and the Finns, in turn, suffered from a severe shortage of artillery ammunition and anti-tank guns.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Firebottles and pile charges were no longer sufficient, as Soviet infantry effectively shielded tanks with their fire.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On 15 February, the Finnish counterattacks failed and finally Commander-in-Chief Mannerheim issued the Isthmus 2.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Army Corps gave orders to withdraw to an intermediate position to Samolanlahti—Väkäkkijärvi—Muolaanjärvi—Äyräpäjärvi—Väyräpäjärvi—Vuoki.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The army corps remained in place in the Mannerheim Line until the end of the war.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[57] However, the effective belting that the Red Army had underway broke the intermediate position and the corps was ordered to withdraw to the rear position to the line Vyborg—Tali—Coskuanback—Copper Island—Vyborg on 27 February 1940.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

On 26 February, Timošenko, commander of the Northwestern Front Staff, gave orders to his troops to recapture the city of Vyborg.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The mission became 7.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Performed by the Army as a two-sided encirclement maneuver and a direct front attack.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

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10th and 28.


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Winter War

The army corps had to advance to the west of Vyborg over the frozen Gulf of Vyborg and 19.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The army corps was to advance to the east of the city.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

34th and 50.


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Winter War

The army corps attacked directly towards Vyborg.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In addition, 13.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The army was tasked with crossing Veuksi from Äyrähead—Vuosalmi and blockade Finland 3, which fought on the Mannerheim Line on the eastern isthmus.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Army Corps.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[58] Battles of Vyborg and Vyborg Gulf In terms of the defence of the rear position, the westward extension of the front line to the Gulf of Vyborg was a serious blow to the Finnish army of the Isthmus.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The surroundings of Vyborg were a more advantageous area for the defender than the southern and central Isthmus, but part of the advantage was lost due to the Gulf of Vyborg, which was in thick ice.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The strength of the Finnish defence force has steadily dwindled resources in terms of both crew and material, and the physical fatigue of the troops brought the Finns' fighting ability to the limit for the final two weeks of the Winter War.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

A new 23rd Division and 21st Division for the Eastern Isthmus had been received in support of the Vyborg area, but were supplement forces weaker than other divisions in combat value.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

A successful strategic breakthrough by the Soviets in the Gulf of Vyborg would have threatened the entire defences of southern Finland with Finnish troops still deep east of the area.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In the Gulf of Vyborg, Finnish troops of the 4th Division were unable to prevent the Soviets' invasion of Häränkäniemi and Vilaniemi on the western bank of the bay, where the Red Army cut the Vyborg—Helsinki highway on 9 March.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Finnish defenders held up and prevented the breakthrough from expanding.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

However, when peace came on 13 March, the situation was critical: 7.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Army relocated 3.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Cavalry Corps on 11 March already at Koivisto, aiming to establish a decisive superiority on the west bank of the Vyborg Gulf, but peace interrupted the action.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In Vyborg, the 3rd and 5th Divisions lost their suburban areas and the front line moved to Patterinmäki on 12 March.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The threat of encirclement to the east of the town formed severe after the Red Army penetrated the Oak Swamp and breached the support line of the defences of the Isthmus of Tali on 7—9.


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Winter War

March 1940, but the attack was still successful in stopping Portinslender.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

In Tal, severe drum fire and tank fire from Soviet artillery caused even the threat of escape among the overburdened Finns.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

[59] Since the beginning of March, the 13th Army of the Red Army attacked with at least six divisions in Äyräpää, defended by the under-numbered 2nd and 21st Divisions.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The central part of Äyräpää harju and Kirkonmäki west of Vuoksi were lost on 4 March and Vasikkasaari of Vuoksen on 5 March.


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Winter War

Soviet forces eventually managed to cross Vuos on 8—11.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

March and to create a bridgehead about 500 meters deep on the east bank of the river, but the coming of peace resolved the critical situation.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

At Taipaleenjoki, the Finnish 7th Division withstood fierce attacks by the Red Army from 11—20.


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February and largely retained their original positions until the end of the war.


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[59] Peace in Moscow The unexpected turn in the war by Finnish army soldiers during December 1939, the defeat of the Red Army, brought a partial solution to the conflict.


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The Soviet Union was forced to reassess the objectives of the war and the overall effects of a conflict that stretched longer than planned.


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It began planning a better-prepared new major offensive for January—February 1940.


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[60] The positive international attention caused by the successful struggle of the Finns seriously disturbed Stalin since early December.


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Information on British and French plans to support Finland in the Winter War, both in military and material, put the NL in front of a whole new situation.


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The interference of Western superpowers in the war threatened to extend the conflict in a direction disadvantageous to the Soviet Union.


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Winter War

[61] Stalin had calculated that World War I would expand over the course of 1940 to include between Germany and the Western Allies, which would have provided new avenues for action for the Soviet Union.


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[62] The stretching of the war over the turn of the year and the information about the Western Powers' mission project to Finland, the Arctic Ocean and the Caucasus led the Soviet leadership to abandon the goal of occupying Finland and installing a Soviet-minded Terijoki government in Finland.


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Winter War

It opened up the possibility of a compromise peace, and the Soviet leadership, via Sweden, informed Finland on 29 January 1940, contrary to its previous line, that Stalin was ready for armistice negotiations with the government of Risto Ryti.


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The announcement was preceded by secret confessions between writer Hella Wuolijoki and Soviet envoy to Stockholm Alexandra Kollontai on 10—21.


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on January 1940.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

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[63] However, the Soviet Union required — because “blood had flowed” — that Finland be prepared for greater concessions than what the NL had demanded in the autumn of 1939.


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[64] The Finnish government responded to the Soviet offer on 30 January, declaring that Finland would be willing in principle for peace, but only for some minor border revisions on the Karelian Isthmus and possibly also the demilitarization of the Gulf of Finland.


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The good situation on the fronts reduced Finns' appetite for further concessions.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

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[65] With the weakening of the Finnish position and bending to peace terms, Finland's position changed as the Red Army began fire preparations for a major offensive on 1 February and the actual general offensive on 11 February 1940 and the Finns' defences began to falter.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

The Soviet leadership's offer of peace and a major offensive was apparently part of an overall plan that, on the one hand, still attempted at least a limited military solution on the fronts, but on the other hand aimed at preventing further escalation of the conflict.


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Winter War

In early February 1940, the Finns ended up in a balancing act that had continued until peace, in which consideration was made between making peace and continuing the war.


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Winter War

The pressure of the Red Army's offensive, as well as the physical fatigue and losses of its own army and the lack of reserves, advocated a peace treaty.


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Winter War

On the other hand, the offer of aid from Britain and France was tempted to continue the war.


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According to the official French announcement, Western powers would have been prepared to send 50,000 men, which would have arrived in Finland at the end of March.


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[66] Aid was considered to have been militarily inadequate and coming too late for the Soviet invasion to be repelled.


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[67] Furthermore, the problem was that it could not be sure whether Sweden would allow the passage of these soldiers through its territory.


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[68] Heikki Ylikangas, for his part, has argued that Finland rejected military aid from Western powers and agreed to peace because key government ministers believed Germany would win the ongoing major war.


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The government's solution was also influenced by Marshal Hermann Göring's verbal call to T. M. Kivimäki, Finland's envoy to Germany on 22 February, to agree to peace on any conditions (see.


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Hermann Goering: Winter War Advice).


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According to Ylikanka, Finland was acting on this advice because the political leadership believed that they would recover the territories lost in peace negotiations with interest after Germany would invade the Soviet Union.


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[69] On 23 February, as Red Army tanks and artillery drum fire straddled Finnish defensive positions in Karelia, the Soviet leadership issued minimum conditions for Finland to start peace negotiations.


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They called for Finland to cede to the Soviet Union at least Karelian Isthmus and Vyborg, as well as the northeastern half of Ladoga, including Sortavala.


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With the constant deterioration of the front situation and, among other things, Sweden's continued refusal of Finnish requests for assistance, the government decided to open negotiations for peace on 29 February [70] and agreed to Soviet terms 5.


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on March.


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[71] Sweden's motivations for neutrality must have been the preservation of the country outside the Great War, the export of iron ore, and German relations which would have been threatened by the intervention of Western powers in Scandinavia.


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Britain and France had decided on military intervention in the Winter War on 5 February and they expected Finland's official request for assistance by 5 March 1940.


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However, the Finnish military command judged that the West's assistance would have been insufficient and would not have reached it in time.


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It was also feared that accepting aid would have shifted the entire focus of World War II to Northern Europe, which would have been extremely heavy on civilians (cf.


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the Polish situation where fought throughout the war).


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[72] The Soviet Union pressed Finland hard for peace, despite the fact that the fighting was already turning decisively in its favour in the early days of March.


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The reason was that Stalin considered it too great a risk to continue the fight, which was leading the Soviet Union against the Western powers in the overall fixture of the Great War.


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He calculated that the immediate occupation of Finland was not worth the risk, and Finnish territory could be taken over sometime later at the opportunity.


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Peace would be a prestige defeat for the Soviet Union, but even that would be a lesser annoyance than going to war with France and Britain.


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[73] The Germans' main motive for calming the situation must have been the aid plans of the Western Allies, which threatened the supply of iron ore from northern Sweden.


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Hitler's main goal was to defeat Bolshevism and acquire living space in the east.


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[74] Thus, the Winter War shook the great war still lifes.


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However, by the beginning of March 1940, the Finnish army had come to a point where its fighting capability threatened to collapse and therefore a delegation led by Prime Minister Risto Ryti was subjected to dictating money in Moscow from 8 to 10.


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on March 1940.


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[75] Peace The Finnish government and the Committee on Foreign Affairs approved the Soviet-drafted peace treaty on 11 March and the Moscow Peace Treaty was signed on the evening of 12 March 1940.


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Combat action on the fronts ended progressively the next day, beginning at 11am.


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At 10:45 a.m., artillery and mortars of Soviet troops unexpectedly opened fire on the Finns positions.


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The concentrations did not have any direct military goal and were pure retaliation.


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Hundreds of Finns were killed or wounded by the shelling.


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[76] At the Salla front, the artillery concentration was severe and at 12 o'clock Soviet aircraft bombarded the Finnish positions.


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Of the unit of Swedish volunteers responsible for the front, ten were downed and 30 men wounded.


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[77] According to the peace treaty, Finland ceded to the Soviet Union part of Salla and Kuusamo, the Fisheryasaarenno Petsamo, the outer islands of the Gulf of Finland and a large part of Karelia including Vyborg, the second largest city in the country, practically following the border line of the 1721 Uusikaupunki Peace.


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Finland was also forced to lease Hanko to the Soviet Union as a base for 30 years and build a railway between Kantalahti and Salla.


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[78] Furthermore, the situation created a significant demographic problem when a total of 430000 Finns left the territories ceded to the Soviet Union.


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[65] Weaknesses and strengths of the parties The Finnish army had knowledge of the terrain as well as the skill to move, accommodate and fight in rough frost and snowy terrain.


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Particularly notable the aforementioned skills were north of Ladoga, a wilderness area about 1,000 kilometres long with sparse roads and little settlement.


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Skis, crate, tent, stove and Suomi submachine gun are assisted.


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This equipment and the tactics associated with their use had been developed in the 1920s and 1930s.


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The Finnish Army developed a strategy based on blockade e.g.


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on the basis of foreign fighting as early as 1932, as the underpowered army was not thought to be capable of defeating the large army of the Soviets with direct frontal attacks [79].


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This caused the development of a way of warfare moving in the forest [80] even before the war.


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In the war, the Finns were able to make surprise attacks of the type of guerrilla attacks on the forest, e.g.


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on a campfire to the warm-up Soviets.


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The tactic involved burning villages and separate buildings to be left to the enemy so that the enemy could not accommodate them.


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Finnish military tactics were based on acting according to the situation.


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Attacked blockadedly wherever you could, defended in front when we had to.


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A major strength of the Finns was also radio reconnaissance, namely interception, locating enemy radio traffic, and opening cipher messages.


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Using radio reconnaissance, among other things, when launching mots, the Finns were able to concentrate force at the breakout points and leave other areas around the mot almost without occupation.


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The mobility of the Finns also caused patrols to have to travel sometimes long distances on the brink of hunger.


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The main problem for the Finns in the Winter War was the lack of anti-tank equipment [81].


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Telamines were effective, but were insufficiently protected by anti-personnel mines or lacked altogether.


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Anti-tank guns accounted for only a third of the planned number.


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The planned procurement of anti-tank rifles did not materialise before the start of the war as the parties deciding on the procurement quarreled over its calibre selection.


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Temporary anti-tank equipment such as firebottle, birch splitter and pile charge were not always useful in unprotected terrain.


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Weaknesses in the anti-tank led to a reduction in the infantry's will to fight.


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Occasionally there was outright escapism.


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The Finnish army was not effective against a planned, gigantic attack on the Isthmus at the end of the Winter War.


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As the Finns had few troops, even worn-out, the Finns front was broken as the Soviets increased pressure.


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The Soviets had learned from their mistakes and used tanks in groups to break the trenches.


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Field artillery fire was accurate, but there was far too little ammunition.


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For comparison, one can mention that the ammunition consumption of Finnish artillery throughout the war was equivalent to that of the two days of the Red Army.


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On the Karelian Isthmus, the firepower of the Soviet artillery was seven times stronger than the Finns.


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[82] In general, the maintenance situation in Finland was critical.


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In the early stages of hostilities, Finnish military equipment was assessed as: [83] Cartridges of rifles and light machinery guns for 60 daysThe ammunition of flat field cannons21 for 120mm howitzer ammunition24 During the dayheavy and coastal gunness19 dayfuel of ground troop vehicles60 days of aircraft fuel30 days Red Army strengths and weaknesses Red Army had overwhelming equipment and male superiority on its side.


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Artillery in particular was an effective weapon against the Finns, with tanks and aircraft.


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On the other hand, the Red Army's tactics originated in the central regions of the Soviet Union, or steppes, where it used an open attack against the enemy.


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So the mechanized army was forced to rely on openings and roads.


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The Soviets attacked in large numbers over the openings “uraata”, shouting the Finns to fire.


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This junnatic, formulaic human wave tactic was still applied at the end of the war, although it had been corrected to be more effective based on experience.


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There was an overcommand understanding of the special conditions of forest warfare, but there was no time to train troops before war broke out.


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The officers were too tied to the bylaws.


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The Red Army's mechanised equipment was partially unsuitable for forest warfare, operated only on openings and roads and often could not withstand severe frosts.


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On the other hand, safety measures in accordance with the guidelines were not taken, for example, on a forest road, it was not possible to clear lanes from the forest without trees.


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The brigade's command center may have been caught off guard.


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Trusted in their own power, the Finns were not thought to be capable of significant retaliation and were not able to inquire, be cautious and vigilant.


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There was also sometimes friction in cooperation between different units and commanders.


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Winter War

The cooperation between different types of weapons was not seamless and effective.


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In the beginning, for example, the armoured gun and infantry did not support each other.


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The basic idea of the Red Army was an invasion that was thought to be successful in a short period of time.


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The Red Army had no winter equipment when invading Finland, army units had been moved from the Polish Front.


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Maintenance didn't always play out as hoped.


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As a rule, skis were not known to be used, accommodation equipment often did not exist.


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The Soviets had very few off-road snowsuits.


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The men had to cabin in ground pits and warm up under open skies by a campfire.


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Surprise attacks of the type of guerrilla strikes carried out by the Finns on campfires often had a passivating effect, since the Soviets often did not see snow-clad soldiers firing from the dark with submachine guns.


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A major factor influencing the course of the Winter War was the Stalin purges of 1937—1938, in which an officer corps trained in the Soviet Union's new mechanised warfare was almost entirely killed or imprisoned.


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The Red Army had secretly developed mechanized warfare along with Germany in the 1920s and early 1930s.


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Winter War

However, no new strategy was employed in the Winter War.


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Winter War

In the Winter War, as well as in the Continuation War, the anti-landing operations developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s were also used behind the lines of the defender, although the Soviet Union was an international pioneer in development.


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Mott battles The Finns used their own tactics and enemy mistakes to effective advantage.


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The attacker's columns were motivated to forest roads.


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On the road to Raattee, an entire motorised division was destroyed and a large war booty was made.


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Winter War

The mots of the Soviets tenaciously defended themselves and bound the Finns, which would have been needed elsewhere.


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The High Command of the Red Army War Action Groups was held accountable for the disaster.


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Generals and politruks were executed.


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[84] Lev Mehlis, the supreme commissioner of the 163rd Division fighting at Suomussalmi, temporarily lost his position, but was allowed to retain his life.


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He was recalled in 1941 as High Commissioner of the Red Army after Germany invaded the Soviet Union.


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After the war, among other things, he served as Director General of the State Inspectorate of the Soviet Union


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He died in 1953.


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At the end of the 1930s, Finland's preparation for wartime conditions in Finland was still very incomplete or unfinished.


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The main shortcomings were in material preparation.


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Certainly, some legislative and administrative measures had been taken, but decisions and practical measures were unhelpfully overdue.


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[85] The readiness of Finnish society for war was therefore poor, for which both politicians and soldiers were responsible.


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Political conflicts over the use of state resources led, on the one hand, to the neglect of defence expenditure, but most obviously also led to the integration of different social classes into Finnish society, which, on the other hand, enabled the spirit of the so-called Winter War to form.


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The contribution hampering the development of the military's national defence consists, among other things, of mutual wrangling and a desire for secrecy.


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For example, the controversy over the caliber of the pst rifle, which was not agreed upon until the spring of 1939 and by the Winter War, only a prototype of the weapon had time to be developed.


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[86] During the Winter War, plans were drawn up on the basis of which Finnish economic life and industry were mobilised to support the warfare of the kingdom.


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At the same time, significant omissions in defence capability were identified, which were quickly sought to address.


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Stocks of important raw materials were almost negligible, planning and execution of transportation required far more resources than were allocated to them, etc., etc. In order to adapt Finnish society to wartime conditions, various plans began to be drawn up, which were practically implemented during the so-called intermediate peace.


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[86] Parties losses Finnish losses in the Winter War amounted to 26662 killed in the war effort and about 1,000 civilians.


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[87] After the war, the Soviet Union reported a loss of 48745 fallen and 15,8863 wounded, [88] but these numbers are now known to be far too small.


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A research team led by Lieutenant Colonel Grigory Fedotovich Krivosheyev in the 1990s examined all records in Soviet archives on losses suffered by the Soviet Union in wars (the study has been published in English as Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century).


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The group said that exact losses cannot be said with certainty because of discrepancies in the information, but nevertheless gives two different figures for the fallen: The loss reports of units include 95348 fallen, missing and dead of their wounds.


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The Red Army loss record, collected from 1949 to 1951, contains 126875 names.


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[89] According to the group, the latter is likely to be closer to the right.


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As a figure for wounded red soldiers, the group reports 265,000 men.


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Higher numbers, such as 200,000 to 300,000 fallen, have been presented in Russian and Soviet literature, as the top of the million-man losses cited by Nikita Khrushchev.


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However, these figures are not based on archival sources.


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In his memoirs, Mannerheim estimated, among other things, the number of Soviet soldiers who fell on the basis of destroyed divisions at 200,000.


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[90] Several times the number of men of some Finnish keepers fell in the Winter War compared to others, which is explained by the area system in use in the defence forces at the time.


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In the Continuation War, detachments were already formed differently, partly based on the experience of the Winter War.


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[91] At the beginning of the Winter War, due to the rapid attack of the Red Army, all civilians were not able to be evacuated.


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They were destined to remain in territory conquered by the Soviets.


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Starting from Petsamo, they were up to the border to Suojärvi.


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The total number of those transferred as prisoners of war across the border was about 2500.


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They were usually transferred to a labor camp.


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Winter War

Some of them fell ill and died under difficult circumstances.


Question: How long did the Winter War last?

Winter War

Those who survived were returned at the beginning of the summer of 1940 back to their homeland.


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A very small number remained in Russia, but most of them too later returned to Finland.


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[92] War and sleep deprivation caused thousands of men to have psychological problems.


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According to Ville Kivimäki's Broken Minds book, people with mind disorders were almost not treated at all during the war and were not normally awarded war validity compensation.


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When the wounded in war were treated as heroes, the mentally ill were often perceived as cowards.


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Winter War

War traumas were thought to be caused by soldiers themselves, not from experiences caused by war.


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This, on the other hand, was understandable, because if the mental fracturing of normal men had been accepted as the same principle of liberation from the front as being wounded, it would have been difficult to continue the war.


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On the other hand, there were almost no resources to diagnose mental illness either.


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The traumas of the Winter War were often evident with delay: the nervous breakdowns during the Continuation War, as well as the alcoholism of veterans in the postwar period or the nightmares they had.


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[93] Territorial pledges and population resettlement As a result of the war, Finland lost the eastern parts of Salla and Kuusamo, a large part of Karelia, the outer islands of the Gulf of Finland and the western part of Kalastajasaarenno.


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Overall, the ceded territories accounted for 12% of Finland's area.


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Finland was also forced to lease Hanko to the Soviet Union as a military base.


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About 430000 Finns lost their homes, or about 12% of the total population.


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Efforts were made to find new places to live elsewhere in Finland for those who lost their homes by enacting the Express Settlement Act.


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The Karelian Federation, founded after the war, sought to defend the interests of Karelian evars.


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[94] [95] The roles and assistance of foreign countries Finland received much sympathy around the world even in October before the Winter War, and the beginning of the war created great anti-Soviet sentiment.


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In particular, the South American states and France condemned the Soviet invasion in hostile words.


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Important help Finland received from the international press, which followed the war closely and, apart from the communist magazines, sided with Finland.


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Winter War

The League of Nations was convened in early December at the suggestion of Finland to deal with the Soviet invasion.


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Winter War

The Soviet Union was expelled from the League of Nations and member countries were urged to help Finland.


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Winter War

The decision was of considerable importance, especially among Western European countries, which gave them a clear political mandate and a call to help Finland.


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[96] France and the United Kingdom decided on 5 February to send an expedition to help Finland.


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Under the first plans made in December, an Allied naval detachment and possibly even troops would have been sent to Petsamo waters to retake the Soviet-occupied Petsamo continental region.