Question: When did the Winter War start?

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in the raven battles of December 1939.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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After the fighting in Suomussalmi, the 9th Division was transferred in January 1940 to the Kuhmon—Lieksa area where it tried to destroy the aforementioned Soviet division.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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However, the attempt failed, so a motto war that lasted until the end of the war ended in the area.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[54] During December 1939, Sections Roininen and Suoranta stopped Soviet 122 in Salla.


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(and 88.)


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Infantry Division attacks on the Kemijärvi area.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Similarly, at Petsamo, the Finnish detachment Pennanen stopped the advance of the Soviets 52nd Infantry Division and the 104th Mountain Division into the Nautsin-Featherjärvi area.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[55] The Red Army Grand Offensive in February Soviet preparations The Red Army's failure to take Finland in December 1939 led to a thorough re-evaluation of the situation at the turn of 1939—1940.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Combat activity subsided considerably for almost a month and a significant force group against Finland also began to be assembled in relation to the resources of the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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On 7 January 1940, the High Command of the Red Army, Stavka established the Northwest Front Staff to lead the war against the Finns and 1st Class Army Commander Semjon Timošenko was appointed at its head.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The Karelian Isthmus Front was divided into two parts and 7.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The army was assigned front responsibility for the western part of the area, where the focus of the major offensive was placed, and a new 13 was brought to the eastern part.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Army.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The total number of Soviet divisions on the Karelian Isthmus increased from ten to 21—26 and in addition, Timoshenko gained access to five new armoured brigades and 11 artillery regiments, as well as additional air force support.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The Red Army had 4000 cannons and 1000—1200 tanks at its disposal on the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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An additional high command reserve 28 was formed in the Leningrad region.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Army Corps.


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A 6 kilometer wide center of gravity was created in the area of the sum, where 50 attacked


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The army corps, three divisions supported by 500—1000 guns and 200 tanks, on the flanks attacked the 10th and 19th.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Army Corps.


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Artillery density peaked at around 50—100 guns per front kilometre.


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On the Finnish side, the main attack was taken up by one, the 3rd Division formed in Satakunta and Häme, with the 4th and 2nd divisions on their sites (in early January 1940, the numbering of some Finnish divisions was changed: 6 D.


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→ 3.


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D., 10 D.


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→ 7 D., 11 D.


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→ 2 D.).


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[56] Major Offensive to break through the Isthmus of the Mannerheim Line, on 1 February 1940, the Red Army began a vigorous and sustained artillery action that initialised the offenders, particularly on the Summa block.


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It was also accompanied by round-the-clock attacks by infantry and armoured forces.


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The end result was damage to Finnish positions and fatigue of troops with minimal reserves even before the main attack began.


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Due to constant combat contact, troops could not be exchanged.


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The actual general attack began at 8:40am on the morning of 11 February with artillery fire accelerating into intense drum fire.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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By the afternoon, the Soviets achieved a decisive breakthrough in Summa with the Source block.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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In the Red Army, cooperation between artillery, tank units and infantry had improved significantly, and the Finns, in turn, suffered from a severe shortage of artillery ammunition and anti-tank guns.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Firebottles and pile charges were no longer sufficient, as Soviet infantry effectively shielded tanks with their fire.


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On 15 February, the Finnish counterattacks failed and finally Commander-in-Chief Mannerheim issued the Isthmus 2.


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The Army Corps gave orders to withdraw to an intermediate position to Samolanlahti—Vääkkijärvi—Muolaanjärvi, Muolaanjärvi—Äyräpää lake.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The army corps remained in place in the Mannerheim Line until the end of the war.


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[57] However, the effective belting that the Red Army had underway broke the intermediate position and the corps was ordered to withdraw to the rear position to the line Vyborg—Tali—Coskuanback—Copper Island—Vyborg on 27 February 1940.


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On 26 February, Timošenko, commander of the Northwestern Front Staff, gave orders to his troops to recapture the city of Vyborg.


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The mission became 7.


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Performed by the Army as a two-sided encirclement maneuver and a direct front attack.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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10th and 28.


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The army corps had to advance to the west of Vyborg over the frozen Gulf of Vyborg and 19.


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The army corps was to advance to the east of the city.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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34th and 50.


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The army corps attacked directly towards Vyborg.


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In addition, 13.


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The army was tasked with crossing Vuoksi from Äyräpää to Vuosalmi and blockade Finland 3, which fought on the Mannerheim Line on the eastern isthmus.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Army Corps.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[58] Battles of Vyborg and Vyborg Gulf In terms of the defence of the rear position, the westward extension of the front line to the Gulf of Vyborg was a serious blow to the Finnish army of the Isthmus.


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The surroundings of Vyborg were a more advantageous area for the defender than the southern and central Isthmus, but part of the advantage was lost due to the Gulf of Vyborg, which was in thick ice.


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The strength of the Finnish defence force has steadily dwindled resources in terms of both crew and material, and the physical fatigue of the troops brought the Finns' fighting ability to the limit for the final two weeks of the Winter War.


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A new 23rd Division and 21st Division for the Eastern Isthmus had been received in support of the Vyborg area, but were supplement forces weaker than other divisions in combat value.


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A successful strategic breakthrough by the Soviets in the Gulf of Vyborg would have threatened the entire defences of southern Finland with Finnish troops still deep east of the area.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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In the Gulf of Vyborg, Finnish 4th Division troops were unable to prevent the Soviets' invasion of Härännäniemi and Vilaniemi on the western bank of the bay, where the Red Army cut the Vyborg—Helsinki highway on 9 March.


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The Finnish defenders held up and prevented the breakthrough from expanding.


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However, when peace came on 13 March, the situation was critical: 7.


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The Army relocated 3.


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The Cavalry Corps on 11 March already at Koivisto, aiming to establish a decisive superiority on the west bank of the Vyborg Gulf, but peace interrupted the action.


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In Vyborg, the 3rd and 5th Divisions lost their suburban areas and the front line moved to Patterinmäki on 12 March.


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The threat of encirclement to the east of the town formed severe after the Red Army penetrated the Oak Swamp and breached the support line of the defences of the Isthmus of Tali on 7—9.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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March 1940, but the attack was still successful in stopping Portinslender.


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In Tal, severe drum fire and tank fire from Soviet artillery caused even the threat of escape among the overburdened Finns.


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[59] Since the beginning of March, the 13th Army of the Red Army attacked with at least six divisions in Äyräpää, defended by the under-numbered 2nd and 21st Divisions.


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The central part of Äyräheadharju and Kirkonmäki west of Vuoksi were lost on 4 March and Vasikkasaari of Vuoksen on 5 March.


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Soviet forces eventually managed to cross Vuos on 8—11.


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March and to create a bridgehead about 500 meters deep on the east bank of the river, but the coming of peace resolved the critical situation.


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At Taipaleenjoki, the Finnish 7th Division withstood fierce attacks by the Red Army from 11—20.


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February and largely retained their original positions until the end of the war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[59] Peace in Moscow The unexpected turn in the war by Finnish army soldiers during December 1939, the defeat of the Red Army, brought a partial solution to the conflict.


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The Soviet Union was forced to reassess the objectives of the war and the overall effects of a conflict that stretched longer than planned.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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It began planning a better-prepared new major offensive for January—February 1940.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[60] The positive international attention caused by the successful struggle of the Finns seriously disturbed Stalin since early December.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Information on British and French plans to support Finland in the Winter War, both in military and material, put the NL in front of a whole new situation.


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The interference of Western superpowers in the war threatened to extend the conflict in a direction disadvantageous to the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[61] Stalin had calculated that World War I would expand over the course of 1940 to include between Germany and the Western Allies, which would have provided new avenues for action for the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[62] The stretching of the war over the turn of the year and the information about the Western Powers' mission project to Finland, the Arctic Ocean and the Caucasus led the Soviet leadership to abandon the goal of occupying Finland and installing a Soviet-minded Terijoki government in Finland.


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It opened up the possibility of a compromise peace, and the Soviet leadership, via Sweden, informed Finland on 29 January 1940, contrary to its previous line, that Stalin was ready for armistice negotiations with the government of Risto Ryti.


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The announcement was preceded by secret confessions between writer Hella Wuolijoki and Soviet envoy to Stockholm Alexandra Kollontai on 10—21.


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on January 1940.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[63] However, the Soviet Union required — because “blood had flowed” — that Finland be prepared for greater concessions than what the NL had demanded in the autumn of 1939.


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[64] The Finnish government responded to the Soviet offer on 30 January, declaring that Finland would be willing in principle for peace, but only for some minor border revisions on the Karelian Isthmus and possibly also the demilitarization of the Gulf of Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The good situation on the fronts reduced Finns' appetite for further concessions.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[65] With the weakening of the Finnish position and bending to peace terms, Finland's position changed as the Red Army began fire preparations for a major offensive on 1 February and the actual general offensive on 11 February 1940 and the Finns' defences began to falter.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Soviet leadership's offer of peace and a major offensive was apparently part of an overall plan that, on the one hand, still attempted at least a limited military solution on the fronts, but on the other hand aimed at preventing further escalation of the conflict.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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In early February 1940, the Finns ended up in a balancing act that had continued until peace, in which consideration was made between making peace and continuing the war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The pressure of the Red Army's offensive, as well as the physical fatigue and losses of its own army and the lack of reserves, advocated a peace treaty.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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On the other hand, the offer of aid from Britain and France was tempted to continue the war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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According to the official French announcement, Western powers would have been prepared to send 50,000 men, which would have arrived in Finland at the end of March.


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[66] Aid was considered to have been militarily inadequate and coming too late for the Soviet invasion to be repelled.


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[67] Furthermore, the problem was that it could not be sure whether Sweden would allow the passage of these soldiers through its territory.


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[68] Heikki Ylikangas, for his part, has argued that Finland rejected military aid from Western powers and agreed to peace because key government ministers believed Germany would win the ongoing major war.


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The government's solution was also influenced by Marshal Hermann Göring's verbal call to T. M. Kivimäki, Finland's envoy to Germany on 22 February, to agree to peace on any conditions (see.


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Hermann Goering: Winter War Advice).


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According to Ylikanka, Finland was acting on this advice because the political leadership believed that they would recover the territories lost in peace negotiations with interest after Germany would invade the Soviet Union.


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[69] On 23 February, as Red Army tanks and artillery drum fire belted Finnish defensive positions in Karelia, the Soviet leadership issued minimum conditions for Finland to start peace negotiations.


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They called for Finland to cede to the Soviet Union at least Karelian Isthmus and Vyborg and the northeastern half of Ladoga, including Sortavala.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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With the constant deterioration of the front situation and, among other things, Sweden's continued refusal of Finnish requests for assistance, the government decided to open negotiations for peace on 29 February [70] and agreed to Soviet terms 5.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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on March.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[71] Sweden's motivations for neutrality must have been the preservation of the country outside the Great War, the export of iron ore, and German relations which would have been threatened by the intervention of Western powers in Scandinavia.


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Britain and France had decided on military intervention in the Winter War on 5 February and they expected Finland's official request for assistance by 5 March 1940.


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However, the Finnish military command judged that the West's assistance would have been insufficient and would not have reached it in time.


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It was also feared that accepting aid would have shifted the entire focus of World War II to Northern Europe, which would have been extremely heavy on civilians (cf.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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the Polish situation where fought throughout the war).


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[72] The Soviet Union pressed Finland hard for peace, despite the fact that the fighting was already turning decisively in its favour in the early days of March.


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The reason was that Stalin considered it too great a risk to continue the fight, which was leading the Soviet Union against the Western powers in the overall fixture of the Great War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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He calculated that the immediate occupation of Finland was not worth the risk, and the territory of Finland could be taken over sometime later at the opportunity.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Peace would be a prestige defeat for the Soviet Union, but even that would be a lesser annoyance than going to war with France and Britain.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[73] The Germans' main motive for calming the situation must have been the aid plans of the Western Allies, which threatened the supply of iron ore from northern Sweden.


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Hitler's main goal was to defeat Bolshevism and acquire living space in the east.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[74] Thus, the Winter War shook the great war still lifes.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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However, by the beginning of March 1940, the Finnish army had come to a point where its fighting capability threatened to collapse and therefore a delegation led by Prime Minister Risto Ryti was subjected to dictating money in Moscow from 8 to 10.


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on March 1940.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[75] Peace The Finnish government and the Committee on Foreign Affairs approved the Soviet-drafted peace treaty on 11 March and the Moscow Peace Treaty was signed on the evening of 12 March 1940.


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Combat action on the fronts ended progressively the next day, beginning at 11am.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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At 10:45 a.m., artillery and mortars of Soviet troops unexpectedly opened fire on the Finns positions.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The concentrations had no direct military goal and were pure retaliation.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Hundreds of Finns were killed or wounded by the shelling.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[76] At the Salla front, the artillery concentration was severe and at 12 o'clock Soviet aircraft bombarded the Finnish positions.


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Of the unit of Swedish volunteers responsible for the front, ten were downed and 30 men wounded.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[77] According to the peace treaty, Finland ceded to the Soviet Union part of Salla and Kuusamo, the Fisheryasaarenno Petsamo, the outer islands of the Gulf of Finland and a large part of Karelia including Vyborg, the second largest city in the country, practically following the border line of the 1721 Uusikaupunki Peace.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Finland was also forced to lease Hanko to the Soviet Union as a base for 30 years and build a railway between Kantalahti and Salla.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[78] Furthermore, the situation created a significant demographic problem when a total of 430000 Finns left the territories ceded to the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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[65] Weaknesses and strengths of the parties The Finnish army had knowledge of the terrain as well as the skill to move, accommodate and fight in rough frost and snowy terrain.


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Particularly notable the aforementioned skills were north of Ladoga, a wilderness area about 1,000 kilometres long with sparse roads and little settlement.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Skis, crate, tent, stove and Suomi submachine gun are assisted.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

This equipment and the tactics associated with their use had been developed in the 1920s and 1930s.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Finnish Army developed a strategy based on encirclement e.g.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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on the basis of foreign fighting as early as 1932, as the underpowered army was not thought to be capable of defeating the large army of the Soviets with direct frontal attacks [79].


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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This caused the development of a way of warfare moving in the forest [80] even before the war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In the war, the Finns were able to make surprise attacks of guerrilla attacks on the forest, e.g.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

on a campfire to the warm-up Soviets.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The tactic involved burning villages and separate buildings to be left to the enemy so that the enemy could not accommodate them.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Finnish military tactics were based on acting according to the situation.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Attacked blockadedly wherever you could, defended in front when we had to.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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A major strength of the Finns was also radio reconnaissance, namely interception, locating enemy radio traffic, and opening cipher messages.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Using radio reconnaissance, among other things, when launching mots, the Finns were able to concentrate force at the breakout points and leave other areas around the mot almost without occupation.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The mobility of the Finns also caused patrols to have to travel sometimes long distances on the brink of hunger.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The main problem for the Finns in the Winter War was the lack of anti-tank equipment [81].


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Telamines were effective, but were insufficiently protected by anti-personnel mines or lacked altogether.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Anti-tank guns accounted for only a third of the planned number.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The planned procurement of anti-tank rifles did not materialise before the start of the war as the parties deciding on the procurement quarreled over its calibre selection.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Temporary anti-tank equipment such as firebottle, birch splitter and pile charge were not always useful in unprotected terrain.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Weaknesses in the anti-tank led to a reduction in the infantry's will to fight.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Occasionally there was outright escapism.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Finnish army was not effective against a planned, gigantic attack on the Isthmus at the end of the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

As the Finns had few troops, even worn-out, the Finns front was broken as the Soviets increased pressure.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Soviets had learned from their mistakes and used tanks in groups to break the trenches.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Field artillery fire was accurate, but there was far too little ammunition.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

For comparison, one can mention that the ammunition consumption of Finnish artillery throughout the war was equivalent to that of the two days of the Red Army.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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On the Karelian Isthmus, the firepower of the Soviet artillery was seven times stronger than the Finns.


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Winter War

[82] In general, the maintenance situation in Finland was critical.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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In the early stages of hostilities, Finnish military equipment was assessed as: [83] Cartridges of rifles and light machinery guns for 60 daysThe ammunition of flat field cannons21 for 120mm howitzer ammunition24 During the dayheavy and coastal gunness19 dayfuel of ground troop vehicles60 days of aircraft fuel30 days Red Army strengths and weaknesses Red Army had overwhelming equipment and male superiority on its side.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Artillery in particular was an effective weapon against the Finns, with tanks and aircraft.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

On the other hand, the Red Army's tactics originated in the central regions of the Soviet Union, or steppes, where it used an open attack against the enemy.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Thus, the mechanized army was forced to rely on openings and roads.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Soviets attacked in large numbers over the openings “uraata”, shouting the Finns to fire.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

This junnatic, formulaic human wave tactic was still applied at the end of the war, although it had been corrected to be more effective based on experience.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

There was a general understanding of the specialised conditions of forest warfare, but there was no time to train troops before war broke out.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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The officers were too tied to the bylaws.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Red Army's mechanised equipment was partially unsuitable for forest warfare, operated only on openings and roads and often could not withstand severe frosts.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

On the other hand, safety measures in accordance with the guidelines were not taken, for example, on a forest road, it was not possible to clear lanes from the forest without trees.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The brigade's command center may have been caught off guard.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Trusted in their own power, the Finns were not thought to be capable of significant retaliation and were not able to inquire, be cautious and vigilant.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

There was also sometimes friction in cooperation between different units and commanders.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The cooperation between different types of weapons was not seamless and effective.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In the beginning, for example, the armoured gun and infantry did not support each other.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The basic idea of the Red Army was an invasion that was thought to be successful in a short period of time.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Red Army had no winter equipment when invading Finland, army units had been moved from the Polish Front.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Maintenance didn't always play as hoped.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Skis were usually not known to be used, accommodation equipment often did not exist.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Soviets had very few off-road snowsuits.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The men had to cabin in ground pits and warm up under open skies by a campfire.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Surprise attacks of the type of guerrilla strikes carried out by the Finns on campfires often had a passivating effect, since the Soviets often did not see snow-clad soldiers firing from the dark with submachine guns.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

A major factor influencing the course of the Winter War was the Stalin purges of 1937—1938, in which an officer corps trained in the Soviet Union's new mechanised warfare was almost entirely killed or imprisoned.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Red Army had secretly developed mechanized warfare along with Germany in the 1920s and early 1930s.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

However, no new strategy was employed in the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In the Winter War, as well as in the Continuation War, the anti-landing operations developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s were also used behind the lines of the defender, although the Soviet Union was an international pioneer in development.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

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Mott battles The Finns used their own tactics and enemy mistakes to effective advantage.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The attacker's columns were motivated to forest roads.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

On the road to Raattee, an entire motorised division was destroyed and a large war booty was made.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The mots of the Soviets tenaciously defended themselves and bound the Finns, which would have been needed elsewhere.


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Winter War

The High Command of the Red Army War Action Groups was held accountable for the disaster.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Generals and politruks were executed.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[84] Lev Mehlis, the supreme commissioner of the 163rd Division fighting at Suomussalmi, temporarily lost his position, but was allowed to retain his life.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

He was recalled in 1941 as High Commissioner of the Red Army after Germany invaded the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

After the war, among other things, he served as Director General of the State Inspectorate of the Soviet Union


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

He died in 1953.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

At the end of the 1930s, Finland's preparation for wartime conditions in Finland was still very incomplete or unfinished.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The main shortcomings were in material preparation.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Certainly, some legislative and administrative measures had been taken, but decisions and practical measures were unhelpfully overdue.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[85] The readiness of Finnish society for war was therefore poor, for which responsibility was borne by both politicians and soldiers.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Political conflicts over the use of state resources led, on the one hand, to the neglect of defence expenditure, but most obviously also led to the integration of different social classes into Finnish society, which, on the other hand, enabled the spirit of the so-called Winter War to form.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The contribution hampering the development of the military's national defence consists, among other things, of mutual wrangling and a desire for secrecy.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

For example, the controversy over the caliber of the pst rifle, which was not agreed upon until the spring of 1939 and by the Winter War, only a prototype of the weapon had time to be developed.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[86] During the Winter War, plans were drawn up on the basis of which Finnish economic life and industry were mobilised to support the warfare of the kingdom.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

At the same time, significant omissions in defence capability were identified, which were quickly sought to address.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Stocks of important raw materials were almost negligible, planning and execution of transportation required far more resources than were allocated to them, etc., etc. In order to adapt Finnish society to wartime conditions, various plans began to be drawn up, which were practically implemented during the so-called intermediate peace.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[86] Parties losses Finnish losses in the Winter War amounted to 26662 killed in the war effort and about 1,000 civilians.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[87] After the war, the Soviet Union reported a loss of 48745 fallen and 15,8863 wounded, [88] but these numbers are now known to be far too small.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

A research team led by Lieutenant Colonel Grigory Fedotovich Krivosheyev in the 1990s examined all records in Soviet archives on losses suffered by the Soviet Union in wars (the study has been published in English as Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century).


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The group said that exact losses cannot be said with certainty because of discrepancies in the information, but nevertheless gives two different figures for the fallen: The loss reports of units include 95348 fallen, missing and dead of their wounds.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Red Army loss record, collected from 1949 to 1951, contains 126875 names.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[89] According to the group, the latter is likely to be closer to the right.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

As a figure for wounded red soldiers, the group reports 265,000 men.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Higher numbers, such as 200,000 to 300,000 fallen, have been presented in Russian and Soviet literature, as the top of the million-man losses cited by Nikita Khrushchev.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

However, these figures are not based on archival sources.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In his memoirs, Mannerheim estimated, among other things, the number of Soviet soldiers who fell on the basis of destroyed divisions at 200,000.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[90] Several times the number of men of some Finnish keepers fell in the Winter War compared to others, which is explained by the area system in use in the defence forces at the time.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In the Continuation War, detachments were already formed differently, partly based on the experience of the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[91] At the beginning of the Winter War, due to the rapid attack of the Red Army, all civilians were not able to be evacuated.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

They were destined to remain in territory conquered by the Soviets.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Starting from Petsamo, they were up to the border to Suojärvi.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The total number of those transferred as prisoners of war across the border was about 2500.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

They were usually transferred to a labor camp.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Some of them fell ill and died under difficult circumstances.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Those who survived were returned at the beginning of the summer of 1940 back to their homeland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

A very small number remained in Russia, but most of them too later returned to Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[92] War and sleep deprivation caused thousands of men to have psychological problems.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

According to Ville Kivimäki's Broken Minds book, people with mind disorders were almost not treated at all during the war and were not normally awarded war validity compensation.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

When war wounded were treated as heroes, the mentally ill were often perceived as cowards.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

War traumas were thought to be caused by soldiers themselves, not from experiences caused by war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

This, on the other hand, was understandable, because if the mental fracturing of normal men had been accepted as the same principle of liberation from the front as being wounded, it would have been difficult to continue the war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

On the other hand, there were almost no resources to diagnose mental illness either.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The traumas of the Winter War were often evident with delay: the nervous breakdowns during the Continuation War, as well as the alcoholism of veterans in the postwar period or the nightmares they had.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[93] Territorial pledges and population resettlement As a result of the war, Finland lost the eastern parts of Salla and Kuusamo, a large part of Karelia, the outer islands of the Gulf of Finland and the western part of Kalastajasaarenno.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Overall, the ceded territories accounted for 12% of Finland's area.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Finland was also forced to lease Hanko to the Soviet Union as a military base.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

About 430000 Finns lost their homes, or about 12% of the total population.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Efforts were made to find new places to live elsewhere in Finland for those who lost their homes by enacting the Express Settlement Act.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Karelian Federation, founded after the war, sought to defend the interests of Karelian evars.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[94] [95] The roles and assistance of foreign countries Finland received much sympathy around the world even in October before the Winter War, and the beginning of the war created great anti-Soviet sentiment.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In particular, the South American states and France condemned the Soviet invasion in hostile words.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Important help Finland received from the international press, which monitored the war closely and, apart from the communist magazines, sided with Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The League of Nations was convened in early December at the suggestion of Finland to deal with the Soviet invasion.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Soviet Union was expelled from the League of Nations and member countries were urged to help Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The decision was of considerable importance, especially among Western European countries, which gave them a clear political mandate and a call to help Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[96] France and the United Kingdom decided on 5 February to send an expedition to help Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Under the first plans made in December, an Allied naval detachment and possibly even troops would have been sent to Petsamo waters to retake the Soviet-occupied Petsamo continental region.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

However, the importance of Petsamo was soon understood to be minor to Finland and, moreover, would not have given the Western powers the opportunity to halt the vital German iron ore imports from the Kirunan-Jällivaara region.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Therefore, the operation decided on 5 February consisted of a landing on the Norwegian coast, advancing into the ore regions of northern Sweden, and, situation permitting, the extension of a smaller contingent to Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The final stage could have been prevented by strong German countermeasures in Sweden.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[97] The basic problem of the operation was that the Swedish and Norwegian attitude towards the use of their territories was negative.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Britain, in particular, was timid about launching an operation without guarantees from Sweden and Norway for free passage.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Furthermore, Finland was not unequivocally willing to publicly call on the expedition to help either, as it would not have been a decisive military aid, but might have enveloped Finland into a major war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

France and Britain also made separate bids and provided conflicting information about the amount and time of aid, making the Finns reserved.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[98] According to schedule, the Allied detachments, about the strength of three divisions, had mobilized from their ports on 15 March and began the landings in Norway five days later.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

As Finland's peace negotiations lasted, France already had time to order an operation for its forces to be launched on 12 March, and the British were also preparing to launch in those days.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

However, the peace made by Finland interrupted the activities of both 13.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

on March.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[99] Flygflottilj 19 (F19), an air squadron assembled from Swedish volunteers, was responsible for the defence of the airspace of Northern Finland with just under two dozen planes since January 1940.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Thanks to a self-sufficient Swedish squadron flying under Finnish insignia, population centres were provided with protection from bombing and the Finnish Air Force's own planes could concentrate on the defence of southern Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

After the war, the aircraft were returned to Sweden.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The unit brought significant experience in combat operations to the Swedish Air Force.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[100] Foreign Volunteers of the Winter War At the end of the Winter War, about 11660 foreigners had enrolled in the Finnish army (according to official statistics).


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In total, they were from 28 countries [101].


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Military significance of foreign volunteers was practically only by volunteers who arrived from Sweden.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In addition to them, only a small number of American Finns participated in the actual fighting.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[102] [103] As to the consequences and significance of the Winter War, the Winter War was a heavy ordeal for the peoples of both Finland and the Soviet Union: personal and material losses were high in both countries.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Moreover, relations between the two countries were in their worst state until then, and neither sought betterment, but sought solutions to conflicts the other way.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Since Germany had occupied Denmark and Norway, Finland's chances of gaining support from the Western Allies disappeared, so Finland was forced to rely on Germany, sparking a continuation war between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

World War II continued, and its development also had a decisive impact on the situation between the Soviet Union and Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Despite heavy losses, the Soviets did not abandon plans to conquer Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Marshal Kliment Voroshilov, who served as commander of Soviet forces in the Winter War, later admitted that he himself, the General Staff no more than the head of the Leningrad Military District in autumn 1939 had no idea what kind of war they had gone to.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Since then serving as President of the Soviet Union, Voroshilov gave credit to the opposing side: “The Finnish army, which was well organised, armed and trained with local conditions in mind, proved to be highly mobile, defensively capable and disciplined.” [104] Finland Foreign Minister Eljas Erkko had reassured his subordinates before the Winter War broke out by assuring him that “the Russians will not attack against the winter.”


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

For his part, Stalin wanted to work out his relationship with Finland as quickly as possible in order to secure the benefits reserved for the Soviet Union in the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact, as rumours had been borne in his ears that Germany was preparing peace with the Western powers and would soon turn its weapons to the east, against the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[105] Stalin was also in a hurry for another reason, since the issue of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in trade with Germany, which was still waiting for its turn, was strategically more important than the Finnish issue.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[106] In April 1940, at a criticism meeting under Stalin, the commanders of the Finnish Front praised the Finnish Army, but Stalin silenced them by stating that the Finnish Army could not be considered a “fully modern army” because it was trained for defence rather than invasion.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[107] During and after the Winter War, a myth arose, the “miracle of the Winter War”.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

According to it, small Finland's valiant struggle and success against great superiority was a superhuman performance in which religious elements also played a part.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

However, in the results of studies of both war and political history, rational reasons for the outcome of the war can be found.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Winter War brought to light the importance of the nation's intellectual resources in warfare.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

After the war, the Finnish people were internally more united than at any time in the country's history.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

There was also an effort on the political front to support and promote actions that unify the people.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Among other things, disputes in the 1930s over funding and maintenance of the Finnish army gave way to a vigorous equipping effort.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

However, the Finnish leadership made every effort to avoid the situation experienced in the Winter War, where the country had gone to war on its own against a superpower.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

For the Finns, the Winter War was essentially a defensive war, but the loss of territory and personnel lifted the offensive mood.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Distrusts of the Soviet Union already prevalent in Finland escalated into a hatred in which all actions of the NL were interpreted negatively.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The history of the Winter War provides a good example of great power political policies.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The ideological motives presented by both Germany and the Soviet Union in the 1930s and their mutual confrontations proved to be propaganda to disguise the real aspirations of power of the great powers.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The emblems of Bolshevism and National Socialism were pushed aside when the great power's interest so demanded.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Realizing this fact was a key factor in creating the spirit of the Winter War among the Finns.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[108] As regards political opinion formation in society, the Winter War and the Finnish Civil War of 1918 are an interesting benchmark.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

During 1917, domestic and superpower political currents drew Finns apart and strengthened the extremes of the political field on both the right and left.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In 1939, the development was reversed: integration took place in internal politics and the actions of the great powers broke the position of extremist groups that supported them in Finland on the right and left, and the current took the majority of Finns behind common foreign policy and national defence objectives and ultimately to the fight against actions perceived to be unjust.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The monotism between Finns (so-called brother in arms) has been reflected in the post-World War II period, despite internal conflicts.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Winter War may have had a significant impact on World War II because Hitler assessed the Soviet Union as a “giant standing on clay feet”, which contributed to strengthening the Germans' decision to invade the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

On the other hand, the Soviets learned lessons from the losses caused by rigid tactics and weak command ratios, as well as the shortcomings of infantry training.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The success of the strike forces equipped with Suomi submachine guns also led to a reassessment of the importance of the submachine gun and skis in the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Along with automatic rifles, the Soviets also began to equip their infantry with their self-made PPŠ-41 submachine guns, which enabled them to increase their firepower.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

During the war in the Soviet Union it was called the “Finnish War” or the “Finnish Campaign”.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

During the YYA period after World War II, the terminology was softened and talked about “the Soviet-Finnish local armed conflict of 1939—1940”.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

It should be noted that already in the Soviet encyclopedias of 1963, the Soviet Union was named as the aggressor.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In volume 24.I (p. 41) of Bolšaja sovetskaja entsiklopedija published in 1976, there is a three-column article about the Soviet-Finnish war 1939—40 as well as one page of maps related to the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The article highlights the security aspect of Leningrad against a possible attack by “hostile forces” as the cause of war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

As a state acting against Soviet interests, Germany is also mentioned.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[109] With the advent of Perestroika in the early 1980s, the Winter War again became a war and the name “zimnjaja voina” (, winter war) came into fashion.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[110] Decorations for those who participated in the Winter War were presented with the Winter War Memorial Medal.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[111] Other medals associated with the time include e.g.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

arms crosses such as Kainuu Cross, Central Isthmus Cross, Koivisto Cross, Kolla Cross, Ladoga Medal, Lapland Cross, Western Isthmus Cross, Muolaan Cross, Pitkäranta Cross, Summa Cross, Taipalee Cross and Tolvajärvi Cross.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[111] Winter War in art and entertainment Immediately after the end of the war, Otava organized a Winter War-themed writing contest.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

It was won by Viljo Sarajan's Redeemed Country, second placed under Eino Hosian Tulivault and third by Pentti Haanpää's Korpisota.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Haarpää had participated in the war in the ranks of JR 40 on Pelkosenniemi and in the final stages of the war on the Isthmus.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The Corp War is therefore a realistic description of the stages of war from a private's point of view.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

In poetry, the Winter War was described by Yrjö Jylhä, a company manager in Taipaleenjoki, in the collection Purgatory.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Antti Tuuri wrote the novel Talvisota, based on which Pekka Parikka directed the 1989 film of the same name.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

US-based Chuck Pfaffer announced in late summer 2010 his intention to make a film based on the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

On the album The Art of War, released in 2008 by Swedish power metal band Sabaton, there was a song titled Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Among the wartime propaganda songs, one of the best known is a song written by Reino Palmroth (Palle), written by Palle immediately after the end of the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

[112] See also Winter War Diplomacy The Spirit of the Winter War Winter War Bombing Winter War Naval Warfare Winter War Air Warfare Finn's Winter War Catch War Iron Ring Continuation War Sources History of Winter War 2, Military action on the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Ed.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science, Porvoo: WSOY, 1978.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 951-0-08147-7.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Tyyne Martikainen: Winter War Evails and Civil War Prisoners.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Espoo.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

TM Books, 2008 ISBN 951-862 135-7 Ari Raunio, Yuri Kolin, Winter War Battles, 3rd Cord.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

p. Map Centre, 2010.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 978-951-593-415-4 (Rev.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

previously in Defenders of Independence under the name Battles of War 1.)


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Hietanen, Silvo (ed.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

): Nation at War 1.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

From war to war.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Helsinki: State Printing Centre, 1989.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 951-861-384-2.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Jakobson, Max: The Diplomats Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Huddersfield: WSOY 2002.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 9789510356739.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Järvinen, Y. A., Finnish and Russian tactics in the Winter War, WSOY Porvoo Helsinki 1948 Kivimäki, Ville, Broken Minds: Battle for Finnish soldiers' nerves 1939—1945.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Huddersfield: WSOY, 2013.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Laaksonen, Lasse: Reality and biases: The battles of the Isthmus and the state of Finnish troops at the end of the Winter War 1940.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Helsinki: Thought, 2005.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 951-20-6911-3.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Manninen, Ohto: Winter War Encrypted Backgrounds.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Helsinki: Book Counselor, 1994.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 952-90-5251-0.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Meinander, Henry: History of Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Lines, structures, turning points.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Huddersfield: WSOY, 2006.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 978-951-0-30809-7.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Palolampi, Erkki: The collar lasts.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Attached military historical review of the Kollaa Front — a thumbnail of the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Written by K. J. Mikola.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Porvoo: WSOY, 1989.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 951-0-16034-2 Ruin, Ari: Military action: Finnish wars 1939—45 in maps.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Vantaa: Genimap, 2004.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 951-593-914-3.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Ries, Tomas: Cold Will — The Defense of Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

London: Brassey's Defence Publishers, 1988.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 0-08-033592-6 Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.. Siilasvuo, Ensio (ed.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

): Chronicle of the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Gummerus: Gummerus, 1989.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 951-20-3446-8.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Tala, Henry: French solvers of the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

French aid to Finland 1939—1940.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Minerva: Helsinki 2014.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 978-952-312-020-4.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Ylikangas, Heikki: Finland and Germany from winter war to intermediate peace.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

WSOY, Helsinki, 2001.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 951-0-26052-5.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Ylikangas, Heikki: My interpretation of the Winter War.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Huddersfield: WSOY, 2001.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

ISBN 951-0-26052-5.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jari Eilola, Matti Rautiainen and Heikki Roiko-Jokela| title = Traveling in time| number = Winter War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2002| isbn = 951-0-27058-x}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Käkönen U. | title = Military Agent Moscow 1939| publisher = Otava| year = 1966}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Little Giant of Finnish History | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2003| isbn = 951-0-27365-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (eds.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| isbn = 951-0-28690-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mannerheim, C.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

G.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

E.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

& Virkkunen, Sakari| title = Memoirs of a Marshal of Finland| publisher = The Great Finnish Book Club| year = 1995| id = ISBN 951-643-469-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sander, Gordon F.| title = Battle for Finland 1939—1940| others = Translated by ArtoHäilä) | publisher = WSOHÄILÄ) | publisher = WSOHÄILÄ Y | year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-951-0-35299-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tanner, Väinö| title = I was foreign minister during the winter war| number = Negotiation phase| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 1979| isbn = 951-30-4813-6}}, replace with {{cite book| author = Trotter, William R.| title= Frozen hell — The Russo-Finnish winter war of 1939—1940| location = Chapel Hill| publisher = Algonquin Books| year = 2000| isbn=1-56512-249-6| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uitto, Antero and Geust, Carl-Fredrik| title = Mannerheim Line — Winter War legend| location = Helsinki| publisher = Idea Books| year = 2006| isbn = 951-20-7042-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Krivoška Eyev, G. F.| title = Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century| location = London| publisher = Greenhill Books| year = 1997| isbn = 1-85367-280-7| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

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Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003| isbn = 951-35-6630-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = Pilot's Perspective II| location = Kerava| publisher = own publication: Jukka Ruunio| title = Pilot's Perspective II| location = Kerava| publisher = self-published: Jukka Ruunio| year = 1999| 3| id = ISBN 951- 96866-0-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haataja, Lauri| title = When the people gathered themselves| publisher = Oak | year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-30-9170-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Käkelä, Erkki| title = Marsk Armor Destroyers: Finland evolution of anti-tank and the history of anti-tank units of the tank group| publisher = WSOY| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-0-24638-7}}.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

References Literature Winter War as an experience.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Historical Society of Northern Finland.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Rovaniemi, 2011.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Blücher, Wipert von| title = Fate of Finland — Recollections from 1935—1944.| publisher = WSOY| year = 1950}} Citation error, with {{cite book| author = Edwards, Robert (English) Porio, Jouni) | title = Winter War with European Eye| publisher = Minerva| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-952-492-072-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Holmila, Antero| title = Winter War with others| publisher = Atena| year = 2009}} Citation with error, replace {{cite book| author = Irincheev, Bair| title = Winter War with Russian eyes.| publisher = Minerva| year = 2012}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Krohn, Aarni| title = 30.11.1939 — First Hours of Winter War | publisher = January| year = 1979| id = ISBN 951-30-9276-3}}, replace with {{cite book| author = Langdon-Davies, John| title = Attack in the snow: Winter War in the eyes of a British correspondent | location = Helsinki| publisher = Paasilinna| year = 2014| version = (Finland — the First Total War, 1940.)


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Translated by Simo Liikanen.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Foreword by Debbie Langdon-Davis| isbn = 978-952-299-024-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mononen, Väinö| title = War Road of a Battalion.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

2016| publisher = Books on Demand, Helsinki| year = | id = ISBN 978-952-339-478-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mononen, Väinö| title = Death Alley | publisher = Alfamer Oy, Helsinki| year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-472-043-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mononen, Väinö| title = Fireflames of Tuonela. | publisher = Edico Oy, Helsinki| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-5708-44-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niukkanen, Juho| title = Winter War Defence Minister tells.| publisher = WSOO Y| year = 1951}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

) | title = The Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-0-32917-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasikivi, J. K.| = My Activities in Moscow and Finland 1939—1941| publisher = WSOY (4th edition 1986) .| year = 1958| id = ISBN 951-0-13576-3.}}


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Winter War Battles| publisher = Map Center| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-593-068-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Richly, Gábor| title = Brother for Brother: Winter War and Hungary| publisher = Docendo| year = 2015| isbn = 978-952-291-168-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Richly, Gábor| title = Hungary and Finnish Winter Wars.| location = Helsinki| publisher = Military Historical Journal| year = | pages = 134-196}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Sander, Gordon F.| title= The Hundred Day Winter War: Finland's Gallant Stand Against the Soviet Army| location = Lawrence| publisher = University Press of Kansas| year = 2013| version=Modern War Studies| isbn = 978-0-7006-1910-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hedgehog, Ensio, et al.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

(ed.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

) | title = Winter War Chronicle| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1997| id = ISBN 951-20-3446-8.}


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Stepakov, Viktor & Orehov, Dmitri| title = Parade March to Finland: Winter War with the eyes of Russians | publisher = WSOY| year = 1992| version = Translated by Matti Hyvärinen| id = ISBN 951-0-18304-0}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| id = ISBN 951-0-18304-0}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| k| author = English , Juhani| title = Myrrysman — Urho Kekkonen 1936—1944.| publisher = Otava| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-1-06567-X.}


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani| title = Winter War background — Soviet Union in Finnish foreign policy 1937—1939.| publisher = Otava| year = 1973| id = ISBN 951-1-00251-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tanner, Väinö| title = I was Foreign Minister during the winter war| publisher = Oak | year = 1950}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tepora, Tuas| title = Spirit of War: Beautiful and Ugly Winter War| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2015| id = ISBN 978-951-0-40166-8}} Citation with error, replace with error, replace {{cite book| author = Tuomikoski, Pekka| title = Winter War — Population Transfers.| publisher = AtlaSart| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Importing, Value | title = Storm| publisher = January| year = 1970}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uitto, Antero| title = Winter War with the eyes of the Red Army| publisher = Karisto| year = 1999| id = ISBN 978-951-233-939-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vihavainen, Timo & Sakharov, Andrei (ed.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

) | title = Unknown Winter War: Soviet secret police folders| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2009| version=Translations by Maija Dahlgren en m| id = ISBN 978-951-37-5598-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vladimirov, Viktor| title = Towards winter war | publisher = Otava, 1995| year = 1995}} On topic elsewhere (135 pcs) Archives Institute.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

{{country data {{{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size= | name= | altlink =national rugby union team | altvar =rugby union}} (Archives Department) Broadcasting #sota39 updates the stages of the war day by day on Twitter.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

The events of 75 years ago are recounted through actual conversations and decisions held by the country's martial government, condensed into tweets.


Question: When did the Winter War start?

Winter War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

Proxima Centauri or Alpha Centauri C (ΑCen C) is a red dwarf star located in the direction of the constellation of Centauri.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

Proxima Centauri cannot be seen from Earth with the naked eye, despite being the guest star closest to the Solar System.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

The distance is approximately 4.24 light years (1.29 pc).


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

[1] [2] Proxima Centauri may be gravitationally bound to orbit the twin star Alpha Centauri, and is sometimes referred to as Alpha Centauri C.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

[2] The star is located approximately 1892 billion km from Alpha Centauri, and if it orbits the pair, its rotation period would be approximately 500,000 years.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

[1] The Hubble Space Telescope has taken the most accurate image yet of Proxima Centauri.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

[3] Proxima Centauria orbits the earth-like exoplanet Proxima b, first observed in 2016, which estimates are located in the star's habitable zone.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

The planet was discovered by Finnish astronomer Mikko Tuomi.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

[4] The Breakthrough Starshot project, which was announced in 2016, envisages the development of a solar sail-powered probe of a gram mass grade that would be accelerated using a laser.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

[5] The goal is to reach the rate of 0.2 c at which the probe would reach Proxima Centauri in about 20 years.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

[5] Initial funding for the project is $100 million.


Question: What is Proxima Centauri?

Proxima Centauri

See also List of nearest stars Sources On topic elsewhere Category:Flare variables Category:Closest stars Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, DBE (o.s. Miller,) was an English novelist, best known for her detectives written under Agatha Christie.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

His production includes such classics of detective literature as And None Saved, The Riddle of the Express of the East, and Death on the Nile.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Of the detective characters created by Christie, the most famous are Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Dubbed the “Queen of Crimes,” Christie is the best-selling author of all time after William Shakespeare.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

His books have sold about two billion copies and have been translated.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[1] Only the Bible, the production of Jules Verne and the Harry Potter books have been translated into more languages than his books.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie's play The Mousetrap has been performed in London's West End since 1952; it is the longest-running continuously performed play in the world and has had millions of viewers.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[2] Life Childhood and Adolescence Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born as the third child of Englishman Clara (o.s. Boehmer) and American Frederick Miller [3].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Unlike her siblings she received no formal education at all; instead, the mother took care of teaching her daughter.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie's childhood was well protected in Ashfield, owned by the Millers.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[4] The Millers' financial difficulties began in 1896, when Frederick Miller's New York real estate investments began to suffer both due to the dishonesty of the trustees and the elevated maintenance costs.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The family moved to France for a year to live in hotels, which at the time was cheaper than maintaining a large English country house.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Money worries, however, worsened Christie's father's health and he died of a heart attack in 1901.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[5] The impoverished Millers remained to live in Ashfield, though the time for great service and dinner parties was over.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

After Christie's sister Madge married in 1902, mother and daughter lived alone in Ashfield.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Also dating back to 1901 are Christie's earliest literary output: a poem written in a notebook and a tramway carriage-themed poem published in an Ealingian newspaper.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[6] With the death of his father, Christie's reclusive childhood also came to an end and his social contacts increased.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

She attended dance classes outside the home and two days a week at school.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[7] The years 1905—1907 Christie spent in Paris, where he studied piano playing and singing.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie was pursuing a career as an opera singer at the time, but Christie's voice was not suited to opera and he was forced to give it up.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[8] After burying a singing career, Christie increasingly focused on writing [9].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The first marriage Christie's entry into the high society took place in 1908 in Cairo, where mother and daughter spent the winter due to money difficulties and the mother's poor health.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The Cairo stay also gave the subject matter to the first, as-yet-unpublished novel Snow Upon the Desert, written by Christie.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[10] With the advent of socialite, Christie also began to receive marriage offers.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie actually had time to accept one proposal already before meeting Archibald Christie in 1912.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

However, as Archibald Christie had little wealth and Christie's mother opposed the marriage, it took two years before 24-year-old Agatha Miller married Archibald “Archie” Christie, a Royal Air Force officer, on Christmas Eve 1914.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[11] After World War I broke out in 1914, Agatha Christie took up work as a nurse.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

For Christie, who lived a sheltered life, the early days at the hospital were a shocking experience — both in the operating room and in the washing up of male bed patients.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[12] Christie moved to work at the hospital as a pharmacy in 1916, as there the working hours were shorter and the pay better.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

From the pharmacist, Christie also learned a lot about poisons, which would come to play a significant part in many of his novels.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Professionally, however, his knowledge was only medium: in a test conducted in 1917, he scored only 50 out of 100.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[13] Christie's normal married life did not begin until the autumn of 1918, when Archie Christie received a transfer to London [14].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Their daughter and Christie's only child Rosalind was born in 1919.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie focused on being a wife and mother and did not think seriously about a career as a writer, although a publisher had finally been found for Styles' case.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[15] The Christies of 1922 spent touring the British colonies, as Archie had landed a job on a promotional tour for the 1924 British Empire Exhibition.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The trip took Christies around the world: first to Africa and then to Asia, Australia and finally North America.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

At a later age, Christie often told me he was tortuously shy.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

On this tour, there was nothing noticeable about it: she was the perfect Representative Lady, even giving speeches.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[16] The return to everyday life after a world trip was bleak: Archie had lost his London job and his health had suffered during the trip.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The Rosalind daughter, left home for the duration of the trip, did not recognise her parents and the family was having money difficulties.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

However, the situation gradually improved as Christie's writing began to produce and Archie found work.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[16] By 1926, both Christie's were earning so well that they were able to buy their first house of their own, named after Styles Christie's first novel [17].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The disappearance The year 1926 was in many ways significant in Christie's life.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Early in the year, the Christies had bought a house of their own.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The death of Christie's mother in April was a hard blow, as they had been very close.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Roger Ackroyd's murder surfaced in May.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

However, the hardest blow came in August when Archie Christie asked for a divorce, as he wanted to marry Nancy Neele, with whom he had fallen in love.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[18] There are no reliable records of Archie Christie's relationship with Nancy Neele prior to August 1926 [18].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Laura Thompson, who wrote Christie's biographer, speculates the relationship began sometime in 1925, but that it had only developed serious sometime in 1926 — possibly after the death of Christie's mother.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

As a justification Thompson uses Christie's house purchase: The Christies had been looking for a house for more than a year and if Archie had been planning a divorce already at this point, he would easily have been able to move the purchase of the house.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Sources close to Thompson said it was not a sexual relationship because “such a thing was not customary to do at the time.”


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[19] Agatha Christie disappeared from her home on 3 December 1926 and was found on 14 December in a Harrogate hotel where she had been staying all along under the name Teresa Neele [20].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Thompson said it had been a last-ditch attempt by a desperate woman to win back her husband.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie had left three letters (to Archie, his brother-in-law and his handmaid) telling him he was in a hotel in Yorkshire.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

However, the police who led the investigation did not believe the letters, who were convinced that Christie had died — and possibly even murdered by her husband.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Newspapers—and especially the yellow press—seized on this interpretation and the case began to flush the press.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The private marital problem formed into the number one news in the kingdom.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[21] The search culminated in a search on 12 December for Christie's body, involving between 2000 and 15000 people, according to various newspaper estimates [22].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie was found on a tip on 14 December in Harrogate.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Mr Christie had already been identified by hotel staff and guests as well as local residents several days earlier, but no one reported it to police.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[23] According to the explanation given by the family, Christie had suffered from amnesia and had no memory of the events.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

This was initially swallowed by the press, but very soon public opinion began to turn against Christie, as the official explanation was riddled with gaps and contradictions, and Christie was accused of being a promotional stunt.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[24] The year 1926 left Christie's deep marks.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Thereafter, he protected his private life with an almost manic frenzy.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[25] Only the novelists got into the public eye: Agatha Christie, who composed artful detective novels, and Mary Westmacott, who explores the mysteries of love [26].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The Christies obtained a divorce in 1928, after which Archie Christie married Nancy Neele.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The interval between Agatha and Archie was complete: after 1927 they never met again, daughter Rosalind never met her new stepmother and half-brother she did not meet until her father's funeral in 1962 and Rosalind's son never had time to see her grandfather.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[27] The second marriage of Agatha Christie traveled to the Middle East for the first time in 1928.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

There he took part in Leonard Woolley's excavations at Ur.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[28] Christie returned to the excavations at Uri in February 1930, when she first met her future husband Max Mallowan (1904—1978).


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Mallowan was younger than Christie, though by marriage certificate the age gap had shrunk to six years.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie and Mallowan were ordained in September 1930.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The marriage lasted until Christie's death.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[29] Before World War II, Christie regularly visited her husband during the winter on excavations in Iraq and Syria.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

For Christie, these visits probably have also been a way of escaping the pressures of domestic publicity — with archaeological digs, she was not Agatha Christie but a mere Mrs. Mallowan.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[30] In the 1930s Christie's bought two new houses: Winterbrook House in Wallingford and Greenway House in Devon, which remained the Christie family home until 2000 [31].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

During the Second World War, Christie lived in London, as Greenway had been put into naval use.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Mallowan's excavations in the Middle East were naturally interrupted and in 1943 he left for army service in North Africa.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie and Mallowan did not meet the next time until 1945.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[32] After World War I, Mallowan began excavations at Nimrud, Iraq in 1949 and they continued until the 1958 Revolution.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie followed her husband at the beginning of each year for excavations.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Most of the production in the 1950s Christie wrote with excavations at Nimrud and Baghdad.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie also took part in the excavation work himself.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

He photographed objects and catalogued them and additionally restored ivory and wood objects.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

As even before the war, Middle East trips were Christie's means to break free of domestic pressures.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[33] Beginning in the 1950s, Christie's fame had begun to grow to unprecedented proportions.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

At the same time, however, Christie was increasingly and more protective of his private life.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

He rarely appeared in public and gave even fewer interviews.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[34] In the last years of the early 1960s, Agatha Christie's health began to deteriorate.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

By 1967, the 77-year-old Christie's travels around the world were at their end.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

After World War II, in addition to the Middle East, he had travelled diligently, including to the United States, where his father was from.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The last trip to the Middle East was a visit to Iran in 1967.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[35] In the words of Laura Thompson, Agatha Christie became an “elderly man” in 1971, when she was 81 years old.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

In the same year, Queen Elisabeth II honored Christie as Dame at Buckingham Palace [36].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie wrote one more play (Fiddler's Five) and two novels.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

In 1972, he was hospitalized for a broken hip and his health was poor anyway.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

In 1974, Christie was present at the premiere of the Riddle of the East Express, where he arrived in a wheelchair but greeted the Queen while standing.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Towards the end of the same year, Christie made his final public appearance at the Mousetrap's annual celebration.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie was already very ill, he had suffered a heart attack in October and injured after falling over his head severely in November 1974.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Agatha Christie died at her home on 12 January 1976.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[37] Career A desk box writer Christie's earliest known literary output dates from 1901: a poem dated April, written in a notebook, and a tramway carriage themed poem published in an Ealingian newspaper later that year.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Although Christie did have other poems published, her sister had even greater success at this point, as her short stories were published in Vanity Fair.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[6] Agatha and Madge were not the only authors in the family: Clara's mother and Monty brother wrote in a desk drawer and a few Frederick Dad stories were published [38].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Madge's greatest literary achievement remained The Claimant [39], presented in London in 1924.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie wrote his first published short story, “The House of Beauty”, around 1908, though it was not published until 1926 [40].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

With his first, as yet unpublished novel, Snow Upon the Desert (Snow in the Wilderness), Christie wrote around 1909.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The impetus for the novel was given by the just-concluded winter season in Cairo.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

According to Christie's biographer Laura Thompson, the novel is structurally hopelessly confusing because it folks forcibly try to squeeze together two basically incompatible ideas.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

In Thompson's view, however, what is already apparent in the novel is the smooth dialogue and precise human knowledge that characterised Christie.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Additionally, the novel features a woman thirsting for male worship — a theme that recurs in Christie's production several times, for example in Arlene Marshall's Shadow Under the Sun novel.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[41] First Novels Christie's first published novel The Styles case (1920) was heavily based on Christie's experiences in a hospital pharmacy, as the idea for the novel sprouted precisely from the specific properties of the substances used in the murder.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Styles's case also already demonstrated Christie's talents in confusing the reader.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The novel also first appears in the novel by Belgian detective Hercule Poirot.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[42] Christie had written the Styles case as early as 1916, [43] but a publisher was not found until 1919, when Christie entered into an agreement with Bodley Head for the Styles case and five other books [44].


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie, at this point, was not yet seriously considering a career as a writer.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie, her second novel The Secret Opponent, wrote at the suggestion of her husband to ease the family's financial difficulties.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Christie, however, still continued to write novels and short stories in his spare time.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[45] As a profession writer, Christie has later written that the beginning of his career would have been the appearance of the Styles case in 1920.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

In fact, however, at this stage he did not think of such a thing.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

She was primarily a wife and mother who wrote for amusement at leisure.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[46] Christie didn't really realise the monetary value of his own writing really until 1924, when the Evening News offered a staggering £500 for the follow-up novel rights to The Man in the Brown Suit.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

The money also changed Christie's attitude to his writing.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

With money, writing had become a profession and after this Christie was a hard negotiator who knew exactly the value of his own work and wrote almost nothing without proper compensation.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

An internal BBC memo from 1948 berates Christie's attitude as “throughly commercial” as, as a state corporation, the BBC had expected to receive a discount.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[47] Christie acquired a young Edmund Cork as his agent in 1924, who managed Christie's business for the remainder of his life.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

With Cork's help, Christie got out of an unfavourable deal with Bodley Head and struck a better deal for three books with Collins.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

Collaborations with Collins also continued throughout Christie's career.


Question: What year was Agatha Christie born?

Agatha Christie

[47] Fame Agatha Christie's first novel for Collins was the murder of Roger Ackroyd, which appeared in 1926.