Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The troops assigned to the reception of areas, Coastal Artillery Regiment 1 (RT 1) for coastal artillery targets, received orders in November 1955 for revenue review and reception in the Porkkala area.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[14] The reception of the sites in Mäkiluoto became the responsibility of the Archipelago Reception Department (SAARVOS), part of the Finnish Defence Institute's Porkkala Reception Department.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The division's area of operation was divided into the sub-lanes of Mäkiluoto and Öbbnäs, both of which operated three reconnaissance teams and their own guard platoon.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

SaarVos began carrying out its mission after Porkkala's change of ownership took place.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The detachment's forces moved into their territories mainly by land, but targets in the Porkkala archipelago were also moved by icebreaker.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[14] It was hoped that the donor's representative would still be present in Mäkiluoto, among others, but the island was found to be empty at the time of reception.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[14] The donor representative who was attending the reception in Upinniemi stated when asked by the Finns about the situation in Mäkiluoto: “No radiators.” [17] Kustalla was able to visit Mäkiluoto and Rönnskär, the latter of which it became stuck in ice, forcing the rest of the reconnaissance expeditions to take place on a ski march.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The sentry ship was sawed off by the ice, then allowed for the return voyage.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

On the way, targets hit along it were visited, such as Mikonkar.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[14] Fortress Status At reception it was found that the tenant had cut off or improperly connected the fort's communications, [18] left much of the fort buildings in poor condition and had blown up cannon and fire lines in several places.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

One of the most bitter losses was the 12-inch turret of Mäkiluoto, which was once “the pride of Finnish coastal artillery”, [15] which had been blown up by Soviet troops on its exit.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[17] During their tenancy, the Soviets had constructed some new buildings which were assessed as worthy of repair upon restoration.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

In general, however, the prospects for repair of fort equipment looked quite slim, as fortifications placed in the most advantageous locations had been destroyed by blowing up and it would therefore be inconvenient to find advantageous locations for new stations, and repairing old blown up would be been difficult.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[15] At the reception, provision had also been made to guard military sites, but this was found to be unnecessary right up to the beginning of the open water season.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The security of the sites in Upinniemi was taken over by the Navy.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The reception activities effectively ended on 2 February 1956, when plans for areas to be redeemed for the defence forces had also been drawn up.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The forts were inspected during the spring and summer, and RT 1 sent to the Inspector General of Sea Defence its proposal for coastal defence arrangements for the Porkkala area.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[15] Territorial needs hit the former civil property to some extent, resulting in lengthy disputes between the authorities and civil bodies over their expropriations.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Admittedly, in Mäiluoto, the issue of ownership was simpler with respect to other restored areas; the island had been occupied by the defence forces for a long time.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[19] First stage clearance and restoration work Planning for the rebuilding of Mäkiluoto's defence arrangements was given to Major Esko Laaksonen.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Laaksonen spent most of the summer of 1956 exploring with Captain V. Lappalainen the possibilities of building cannon and near-defence positions at Mäkiluoto, Rönnskär, Stora Träskö, Porsö and Järvö.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[18] First stage restoration and clearance operations started in Mäkiluoto after the start of the 1956 open water season.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The area's relay connections redevelopment took about two weeks for the signalmen led by Chief Sergeant Tupala.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

At the beginning, Mäiluoto's communications to the mainland consisted of only one field telephone line, which was also used by pilots who moved to Rönnskär.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[18] There was also a cleaning and clearing detachment of 20 to 30 people working on the island around the same time, consisting of conscripts from Miessaari and Ministry of Defence personnel from Suomenlinna.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The department's duties included doing essential renovations: it boarded up broken windows, paved roads, and refurbished residential buildings to habitable condition.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Arrangements included stacking brick stones on top of the hellos to keep the heat longer.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Food preservation did not produce top problems on the island, as they were stored on top of layers of ice on the basement floors.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[18] The first maritime surveillance station was established on the island, on which a wooden tower was built in the central stages of the casemat.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The basic perimeter of the 12-inch gun turret was still standing, following Soviet destruction works, and had to be removed to make way for the new maritime surveillance tower.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[18] Restoration of the fort The rebuilding of Mäkiluoto was gradually started in the 1960s on the basis of plans drawn up by Major Laaksonen in the summer of 1956.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[18] Weapons Systems The first larger construction project was the construction of a new fire control tower as a replacement for a heavy turret blown up by the Soviets.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The new tower was placed in connection with the casemat, and its construction got under way on quite a fast schedule in September 1959.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The advancing autumn and incipient winter made construction conditions quite challenging, but the builder got the tower handed over to the subscriber in February 1960.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[20] Korsula was refurbished immediately in the late 1950s as a place for Mäkiluoto's radar equipment.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[21] Construction of the cannon stations began in 1960, [20] but the 152/50 T sea cannons to be installed on them had been delivered to the island as early as 1957, [22] and installed as open shields directly on the rock.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Old fortifications could be used as blanks for the four [23] new stations in places, but in many places new quarrying work had to be carried out.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[20] These became operational after the contract was drawn up in May 1960, and were completed in September of the same year.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Construction of the cannon stations got under way in October.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Casting work was completed by January 1961 and the main armament guns were allowed to be installed in their positions.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

In addition to the main fleet, various training guns were stationed on the island, such as the 90 K 77 guns in service between 1965 and 1969, replacing the 76 iTK Vickers guns used into the early 1970s.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[21] The casemate, barracks and residential building The more extensive renovation work of the barracks, casemat and, a little later, the dwelling house began in 1961.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The renovation of the barracks and the residential building were a prerequisite for turning Mäkiluoto into an educational fort.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Prior to the completion of the barracks and the necessary storage facilities, the regular staff and conscripts had lived together in a residential building known as Kihola, where storage facilities and leisure facilities on the island had also been located.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[21] The redevelopment of the barracks commenced in late October 1961, and some changes were made alongside repair work: the room allocation was adjusted and the balcony above the main door was demolished.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The renovation work involved, among other things, patching up cracks in the structures and remodeling windows.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The barracks were completed in July 1962, after which the renovation of the dwelling house was carried out.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The building was refurbished housing at a time, forcing residents to move between residences as the repair progressed.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Small-pane windows were replaced with larger panes and a balcony was removed above each staircase.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The exterior walls of the building were plated with minerite plates and the large sauna in the basement was divided into a sauna and dressing space.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The renovation career of the dwelling house was completed in 1963.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[24] In Kasemat, the dining facilities were refurbished and a whole new dining room was built in connection with it.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The food facilities were completed in April 1965.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[21] Infrastructure Electricity for the fort was generated in its early years on site by a power machine built from old debris.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The construction of the sea cable leading to the hill was high in the order of priority for projects, and was dragged into the sea almost day and night.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The sea cable leading to the island was ready for use in July 1959.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[21] The supply of fresh water produced difficulties in the first years that followed the restoration of the fort.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

It was transported from the mainland to the island, among other things, on barges and in ships' tanks.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[24] On the island, water resources were maintained, for example, in Helmijärvi and various tonks, which were filled as needed from larger barges.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[25] A solution to water deficiency was sought in a master's thesis on the water machine that purified seawater for drinking water.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The equipment filtered water through sand and activated carbon filters, as well as ioniselective membranes, capable of producing about 40 cubic meters of potable water per day.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The equipment was built for a year, and was completed in June 1964.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[25] However, the machine was challenging to operate and required constant supervision.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Its use became even more difficult as the supply of spare parts became more complicated after the original supplier went bankrupt.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Spare parts for the water machine were faded from many different countries after the bankruptcy and could no longer be kept in storage on the island.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The spare parts situation caused lengthy downtime in the use of the machine.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[25] A new solution to water problems was initiated in the early 1970s by building a water pipeline on the mainland.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The pipeline was originally scheduled to be laid in the fall of 1971, but was not received enough due to plant supply difficulties.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The landing project was finally completed in the fall of 1974.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The water machine had been taken out of service in the summer of the same year, and the summer was thus done with temporary solutions.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[25] Function as a training fort The fort was brought to operational condition in the early years of the 1960s, when Lieutenant T. Sario was appointed as its first chief.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Mäkiluoto became a training fort, [20] when some of the recruits of Suomenlinna Coastal Artillery Regiment II Patteristo began their conscript service in the fort's training battery [26] in June 1963.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[27] Beginner training continued at the fort for almost 13 years until 1976, when it was discontinued as a result of maintenance difficulties during the winter of 1975—1976.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The aqueduct leading to the island was frozen and the canteen was suffering from staff shortages.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[28] In the 1980s new 130 TK tower furnaces were installed in Mäkiluoto.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[29] [30] The island has also been home to a meteorological station from the Bureau of Meteorology since 1989.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[31] After the discontinuation of rookie training, Mäkiluoto was used for special training and for holding various courses.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The island also continued to operate one of the main control stations in the Gulf of Finland.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Beginner training began to be given again in the summer in 2000.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[11] Down as a guard stronghold, Mäkiluoto was designated, along with the forts Örö and Russarö, as a surgical site in the 2004 Defence Policy Report.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

Conscript training at the fort was discontinued within, [32] and the island was cleared of all transferable material by October 2005, leaving it as well.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The fort became a guard fort, sensual maritime surveillance was discontinued, and cameras were installed in place.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

From the premises on the island, the cannons, casemate, barracks and ammunition depot at the southern tip were left heated, but the ammunition depot was emptied of all ammunition.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[33] Senate properties were demolished in October 2015 to cut off ongoing maintenance expenses for the island's barracks, residential building and officers' club.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

The Defence Forces had no further use for the facilities and were not protected.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[34] The fort has not completely quieted down, despite the downsizing in the early 21st century.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

It continued to be actively used in the late 2010s, as a fire battery of the Suomenlinna Coastal Regiment [35], part of the Coastal Brigade, fired at a coastal artillery battery on the island [36] based on the Defence Force's noise bulletins for 2016—2018 varying annually.


Question: What is the outermost island off Helsinki?

Mäkiluoto

[37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Enqvist, Ove| title = Hill Draft: from fishing base to coastal fortress| location = Kirkkonummi| publisher = Kyrkslätts Hembygdsförening r.f.| year = 2017| is= 978-952-68287-3-2}} References On topic elsewhere War memorials — Tammenlehvä.fi Category:Kirkkonummi nature Category:Gulf of Finland Islands Category:Finnish maritime islands Category:Finnish Navy


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the internet protocol (TCP/IP) to connect more than one billion different IT devices to each other.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

It is a computer network of information networks of various sizes of millions of private, public, academic, business, and state governments that interconnect with each other by means of various technical hardware (e.g., wireless and optical network technologies).


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The Internet has a wide range of different data pools and services, such as web pages, email, telephone services, online games and peer-to-peer networks used for file sharing.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The “Internet” designation began to be used in the 1970s when the ARPANET data network, which was established in the 1960s, was also introduced on the university side.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The information networks of Finnish universities were connected to the Internet in 1988.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Private Internet connections began to be sold in homes starting in 1993 and by the entry into the 21st century, the Internet had supplanted most forms of communication used in the past, such as BBS (“jars”) and national information networks (TeleSampo and Infotel in Finland).


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

As the Internet entered homes, the World Wide Web (Web sites, or websites) gave a face to the Internet as a graphical user interface with not only text but also images.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In the second half of the 2000 decade, smartphones that became common brought the Internet to cellphones.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The development of the Internet emerges in the 1960s for the needs of the United States Department of Defense for the Internet base was created in the 1960s in the United States, with the Department of Defense launching funding for the construction of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

A widespread perception has been that the purpose of the project was to create a decentralized, nuclear-attack resistant communication system.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[1] If the data network had been centralised, it would have been degraded when the centre was destroyed.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

For example, the History of the Internet, compiled by the Internet Society, disputes this interpretation, saying that the purpose was simply to create a military information network that would be able to more efficiently distribute resources for use between different actors in the network.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[2] As one of the key solutions to the development of the Internet, the researcher community developed a packet switched information network based on nodes in which all nodes were equally matched and no entity needed to maintain a mainframe with high resources.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Each node received and forwarded messages independently.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

This solution was sought because the challenge of early cyber technology was that large packages could clog up other telecommunications for up to days.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Related to this, the messages were decrypted into smaller packets, which were only compiled into whole messages once they were there.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The route of passage of the parcels didn't matter.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

They just moved from one node to another until they reached their goal.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The solution allowed each packet to move in roughly the same size parts, and the larger packets would no longer clog the computer network for hours and likewise, even if a large number of nodes in the network went out of order, the packets would still be able to get there through something else.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The first users of the ARPANET data network were universities and research institutes, along with the Armed Forces.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In the 1970s and 1980s, in addition to ARPANET, numerous other computer networks were established and the Armed Forces Information Network erkani from the ARPANET data network into its own Milnet data network.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

As ARPANET became more widely spread into academic use, it first began to be referred to as the “Internet” to refer to the whole set of data networks connected together.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

By the late 1970s, the Internet consisted of approximately 60 server machines across the United States.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In addition to this, the country had smaller networks (most famously the University of Michigan network) that were used for the same things.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

It could still take more than a day to send the email through the US due to slow telecommunications technology.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Internet in the 1980s: Emails, newsgroups, file transfer, games, IRC Companies joined in after college and were particularly interested in email and file transfer services.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In addition to these activities, newsgroups were central to the Internet of the 1980s, where users exchanged their writings on different topics and already at that time multiplayer games that worked online were also played.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Real-time multi-person conversation channels began to become more common with the advent of the IRC protocol starting in 1988.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Since the Internet seemed too slow, the NSF (National Science Foundation) project began in 1985 to create a faster network (which was part of the Internet).


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The intention was to get more users to supercomputers, which would have become expensive to build at every university.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

NSFNet, meanwhile, was the first network connecting all universities conducting research in the United States.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Previous Internet-connected networks had been reserved for more borderline projects.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In the absence of enough public funding, which had slowed down the development of computer networks in the United States starting in the 1970s, the project turned to IBM and MCI, of which the former supplied the network's equipment and software in relation to routers and the latter took care of from the hardware of actual network users.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

NSFNet operated from 1988 until 1995, when the United States Congress decided that the Internet was commercial and did not need public support.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

However, the project had succeeded in overhauling the infrastructure of the Internet in the United States by that time.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In November 1988 Nordic NordUnet and at the same time Funet of Finnish higher education institutions were connected to the von Neumann Supercomputer Center at Princeton University (New Jersey), which in turn was involved in the Internet-connected NSFNET.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

This is how Finland joined the Internet along with the other Nordic countries.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In the 1980s, Funet remained the only way to access the Internet in Finland.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

This was also substantially related to the 1988 erection of Funet's own telecommunications network, using the Cisco company routers that came on the market in the same year.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

They enable a network of data based on many different communication protocols, with data moving in different directions along the same bus.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The old X.25 protocol thus went down in history.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

A similar transition was also carried out at NordUnet level in the same year.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[3] Fi. The domain terminal was registered in Finland as early as 1986, two years before the actual accession to the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Prior to actual home Internet connections, it was possible to access the Internet from home either by calling a modem to your university's line or by using a modem (or a separate Minitel terminal) using the national computer networks, TeleSammo and Internet services provided by Infotel.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

However, such use of the Internet remained quite a marginal phenomenon.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

However, via TeleSammo, it was possible, for example, to play multiplayer games such as Air Warrior over the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

1990s: The Internet enters homes, the genesis and breakthrough of the Web, internet hype and the IT bubble in the 1990s, the Internet was monetized and passed over to major carriers.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

After that, it began to spread for use by the mainstream population as well.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Fast communication connections, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces and new services began to attract private users to experiment with the possibilities offered by the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Before websites and browsers became widespread, the gopher protocol that arranged text pages in the early 1990s served as an intermediate step.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The Web's generalization was slowed, for example, by the slow loading of images by the web technology of that time.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The website's original purpose was to organize physicists' research databases for better use, but the potential of the WWW later proved decidedly wider.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (1993, later “Netscape”) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the MOSAIC browser (1993, later “Netscape”) was a program to popularize the use of the WWW.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In Finland, the wider spread of the Internet for domestic use began in 1993 when eUNet Finland started providing Internet access to businesses and households.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[4] In the same year, connections also began to be offered by Tele (now.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Telia) and HPY (now.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Elisa).


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

It wasn't until around the mid-1990s that most average citizens outside universities began to hear about the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The increasing prevalence of Internet use caused enthusiasm in the media, and beginning in the mid-1990s, there was lofty talk of issues such as “information highway”, “internet surfing” and “interactivity” (interactive services).


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Around this time, many primary schools were already brought online.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Internet hype was also linked as a phenomenon to the IT bubble of the late 1990s, when the Internet, along with mobile technology, generated unrealistic earnings expectations in investors.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Towards the end of the decade, modem traffic using dial-up switched to Internet services [4].


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The BBS culture that preceded the Internet age began at the latest with the increasing prevalence of high-speed broadband Internet connections around 2000.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Initially, the popularity of non-Internet national data networks (which, although later also offered Internet services to their users), collapsed even earlier, when, for example, the use of online banking switched to the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

2000s: social media, smartphones In the early 2000s, the IT bubble burst, but soon began to lay the ground for the next regionalization of the Internet, as more and more smartphones with Internet access began to enter the market, which eventually in the late years of the 00-decade began to enter the market. replace older cellphones.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Smartphones not only increased the use of the Internet as a means of communication especially its use for everyday things like map services.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In the early 2000s, blogs began to replace the “homepages” that surfaced in the early days of the web.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In the 2000 decade, social media began to be talked about as well, as “web 2.0" services such as Facebook and Twitter increased the amount of Internet communication performed by average citizens.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

With the advent of Facebook in the late years of the 21st century, the Internet really began to form as a place where ordinary citizens multilaterally kept in touch with their acquaintances and relatives, sharing their photos, videos and other material.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Technically this would have been possible before, but the ease and convenience of using Facebook and its ilk attracted hundreds of millions of new users.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Even earlier, the Internet had shaped social discourse, but with the advent of social media, the question of the influence of the Internet on politics, for example, re-emerged.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

2010s: leak sites, privacy, cyberwar, internet of things In 2010, the WikiLeaks website caused political storms with its data leaks revealing, for example, secret US diplomatic documents.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Questions of privacy and online espionage made real news headlines no later than 2013 with the Edward Snowden revelations.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In this case, it became apparent how widely the US authorities pry information about private citizens through online services.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Cyber attacks, which were already talked about before, have also gained increasing attention in the 21st century as different states have carried out attacks on each other's web servers, often seeking to export state secrets or cause other disruption.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Connecting various consumer electronics and industrial devices to the Internet gave rise to the concept of the Internet of Things.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In the public eye, for example, DDoS attacks, which had used objects as a means of attack, as well as internet-connected toys through which hackers could eavesdrop on children.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Technologies TCP/IP are based on the idea that communication over the entire network scope occurs using similar data sources, IP packets.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Connections between sender and recipient affect only terminals, similarly, interpretation of the contents of packets occurs solely on terminals.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The telecommunications network itself transfers only one type of packets.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The route used by each package may be different.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The packet network does not know or care whether the package contains a piece of speech, email, or a multimedia document.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The development of Internet technologies takes place mainly in various working groups within the IETF organization, which operate on the principles of openness and transparency.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

All Internet standards and policies are published as RFC (Request for Comments).


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Internet Uses Private Individuals The use of the internet for conversations has been popular since its inception.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The oldest ways are email, newsgroups, and mailing lists used by email.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

With the advent of Web pages, chats and discussion areas became more common, partly as replacements for IRC and newsgroups.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Today, the Internet is also used for instant messaging, Internet calls, and video conferencing connections.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In terms of information retrieval, the increasing prevalence of the Internet has meant a revolution.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Before, information had to be collected laboriously from various entities, such as archives, separate databases or specialised libraries.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Now search engines provide quick and easy access to the world's largest database.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

However, it is good to bear in mind that much of the information is still beyond the reach of computer networks.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The Internet is also used for file sharing, before commonly via Anonymous FTP.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Today filesharing is usually done via the Web and peer-to-peer networks.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

For example, the division includes a variety of writings, music, software and films.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

You can upload files to themselves or give files for others to download.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Much of the material circulating on peer-to-peer networks is illegally distributed, but they are also commonly used to distribute material that is freely distributed.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

File sharing traffic accounts for the vast majority of total internet traffic.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Companies Internet has also contributed significantly to the electrification of commerce, especially in consumer trade (e-commerce).


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Among Internet marketplaces, the biggest ones like Amazon and eBay dominate mass merchandise sales.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

On the other hand, small specialist areas have also been able to find customers via the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Online advertising grew rapidly in the 1990s and 2000s and in 2013, more money was spent on online advertising for the first time in the United States than on television advertising.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

€31 billion was spent on online advertising and 29 billion euros on television advertising.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[5] States and public entities Electronic services have enabled the real-time receipt and electronic processing of various permits and applications for public services in the States.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

This allows the automation of processes and the transfer of work from human handlers to computers.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In Finland, electronic services are available, for example, for filing a crime report, applying for income support or student aid and filing tax returns.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

On the other hand, the internet is also used for large-scale data collection and prying by state intelligence organizations.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

So far, the widest uncovered case is the decades-long prying of citizens and politicians by the US National Intelligence Service, revealed by the information leaker Edward Snowden who defected to Russia.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

As a result of prying, discussions began to take place in some countries affected by espionage to protect against prying.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In Germany, the chancellor proposed the European Union's “own internal internet” and Brazil began preparing its own email system.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Internet problems The collapse of the Internet has sometimes been predicted due to very serious security problems (for example, spam, viruses, malware and spyware, and security flaws in the software in use).


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[6] One improvement project is the US-based Internet2.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

On the other hand, it has been suggested that replacing the internet would be so burdensome that more likely is an increase in the use of business-to-business and closed services, as well as data protection methods and encryption.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[7] In order to prevent crashes, efforts have been made to distribute Internet root servers to a total of 22 locations around the world.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

According to computer security expert Mikko Hyppöne, theoretically, bomb attacks on these places could bring down the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

He thinks it would be tricky to find a motive for such a terrorist attack, as few would benefit from taking down the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[8] Many parents are very concerned about the internet use of children and young people.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The Internet chat room is a very common concept and gives parents a headache because you don't necessarily know who you're really chatting with online.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

A social addiction can arise to internet use, where real-world activities and real interpersonal relationships are replaced by virtual ones.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The denomination internet originated from the French Cyclades packet switching computer network [9] when they set their communication to other computer networks and consequently the term inter-net arose, consisting of two English words inter and net, which in direct translation would between networks, which is used when data networks are connected to each other.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

There is one common information network in the world, the Internet or the internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

The name was previously spelled with a capital initial, following the erisnaming rule.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

However, at its meeting in 2007, the Finnish Language Board decided that both options are acceptable in Finnish.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

One can see a difference in meaning between the two ways of writing: When the Internet is written with a capital letter, its meaning as the name of a global information network is emphasized.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

With a lowercase initial, it is more of a means of communication, such as television, radio or telephone network.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

[10] In the style of extreme documentation, for example in legislative text, the terms general information network [11] or international information network [12] or only information network are used from the Internet.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In its true meaning, internet as a word refers to the transfer of information between networks between different types of subnets or a network assembled from different types of subnets.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

In the word internet protocol (IP) “internet” is written with a lowercase initial, since IP is a common cross-network protocol that, along with the Internet, is used in other networks.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

See also Alexa Internet Internet Phenomenon Software Warfare TCP/IP Network Service Extranet Information Architecture Intranet Web Content Management Website Xanadu Project Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Carr, Nicholas| title = Superficial: What the internet is doing to our brain| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra cognita| year = 2010| version=( The shallows: What the internet is doing to our brains, 2010.)


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Translated by Antti Pietiläinen| id = ISBN 978-952-5697-38-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Goldsmith, Jack — Wu, Tim| title = Who Controls the Internet?


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Illusions of a Borderless Wodls| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2008| isbn = 978-0-19-534064-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haasio, Ari| title = Dark Side of the Net | location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Literature | year = 2013 | id = ISBN 978-952-222-391-3}} Matikainen, Janne — Laaksonen, Salla — Tikka, Minttu (ed.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

): Web and social media research methods.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Equipoise.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

in 2013.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarikoski, Petri etc.| title= Funet to Facebook: Internet cultural history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-952-495-123-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Internal, Seppo| title = Internet in your pocket: For mobile electronic society| publisher = Infor| year = 2004| id = ISBN 978-952-5123-57-9}} On topic elsewhere. Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. Youtube. Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

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Question: Who has invented the Internet?

Internet

entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons usually burn well and dissolve poorly in water.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are used as energy sources and in the chemical industry as raw materials.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Fossil fuels oil, gasoline and natural gas are composed primarily of hydrocarbons.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Burning them generates much of the carbon dioxide produced by humans, which has been shown to intensify the greenhouse effect.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

In chemistry, hydrocarbons are used as starting materials and solvents for reactions.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The raw material for many plastics is hydrocarbon.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

[1] For example, polyethylene is made by polymerization of ethylene.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Structures In hydrocarbon a carbon atom can form four bonds with other atoms.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

A hydrogen atom can form a single bond with a carbon atom.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Carbon atoms are able to bond with each other into long and branched chains.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

They form a “body” of organic compounds to which different functional groups attach.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

This body of carbon atoms is usually preserved unchanged in reactions.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

If a chain of carbon atoms forms a ring, the compound is called cyclic, for example, cycloalkanes.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Otherwise, it is open chain, that is, acyclic.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons can be classified based on their saturation.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

There are only simple covalent bonds in saturated hydrocarbons.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

[2] These compounds are called alkanes.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes).


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The simplest alkene is ethylene, and the simplest alkyn is ethylene.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Alkenes containing two double bonds can be said to be dienes; polyenes contain multiple double bonds.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Aromatic hydrocarbons, or arenes, have a benzene ring or some other aromatic group.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

PAHs have multiple benzene rings.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The simplest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4), which consists of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Ethane (C2H6) has two carbon atoms, in propane (C3H8) three.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons, which differ in the number of CH2 units, form a homologous series.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The first members of the series of alkanes are methane, ethane, propane, and butane.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The formulas for homologous compounds can be expressed in general form.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The general formula for open-chain alkanes is CNH2N+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Each ring or double bond reduces the number of hydrogen atoms by two.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Thus, the formula for ordinary alkenes and cycloalkanes is CnH2n.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Properties Because the electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen are close together, hydrocarbons tend to be nearly pool-free.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Thus, they are poorly soluble in water, but in most organic substances well.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Poollessness also affects the state of existence of hydrocarbons: for example, methane is a gas, but water, which is polar and approximately equal in molecular mass, is a liquid.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Of the unbranched alkanes, the lightest are gases, 5—16 carbon atoms contain liquids, and the heaviest are solid.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons usually burn into water and carbon dioxide.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

At the same time, plenty of heat is released


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

[3] If there is not enough oxygen, the combustion also produces carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, carbon and carbon compounds.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

In this case, heat is released less than in complete combustion.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Alkanes do not react sensitively.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

In addition to burning, alkanes can be digested by cracking, or their hydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated hydrocarbons clearly respond more easily.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Characteristic reactions for them are accession or addition reactions.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Aromatic hydrocarbons are formally unsaturated, but they react differently than alkenes or alkynes.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Normally, in reactions with aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogens are substituted.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Isomery Most hydrocarbons have isomers, that is, compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

In open-chain alkanes, isomers occur starting from butane.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Common butane is called n-butane; branched butane is called isobutane.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The boiling point of isobutane is −11.7°C, which is slightly lower than the −0.5°C of n-butane.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The difference is due to the fact that the outer surface of isobutane is smaller than n-butane and thus there are fewer weak van der Waals forces between the isobutane molecules.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The number of isomers increases as the number of carbon atoms increases.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Butane (C4H10) has two isomers, and the decane of ten carbon atoms (C10H22) has 75 isomers.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Twenty carbon atom eicosan (C20H42) have isomers computationally already 366319 pieces.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Isomers can belong to different compound types: cyclopropane is alkane, but its isomer propylene is an alkene.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Isomers can also differ from each other solely spatially.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

For example, cyclohexane has five different spatial forms, which are said to be conformations.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Many alkenes can have two different spatial isomers, cis- and trans forms.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Chlorinated hydrocarbons Chlorinated hydrocarbons are synthetic organic halogen compounds of which exist in thousands and some of which are highly toxic.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

They are carbon molecules whose hydrogen atoms have been replaced by chlorine atoms.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Chlorinated hydrocarbons enter the natural environment with industrial emissions, as well as through land and forestry farming.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

They form a significant group of environmental toxins.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The best known group of chlorinated hydrocarbons is DDTs, which is used in insecticides.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

In most industrialized countries, the use of the compound was banned by law as early as the 1970s, but it is still used in developing countries to control mosquitoes that spread malaria.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

From the soil, DDT can evaporate into the air and travel with it for long distances, reaching new areas.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

[4] [5] Also, PCBs, or multi-chlorinated biphenyls, are a well-known group of chlorinated hydrocarbons.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

They are used in electrical appliances as insulation due to their high heat tolerance and resistance to electricity.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

PCBs are also used in some lubricating oils as an additive.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

PCBs are highly persistent, they are not water-soluble, but fat soluble.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

There are 209 different types of PCB congerenes, or PCBs.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

When imperfectly burned, PCBs form dioxin and furan, which are supertoxins.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

These compounds are created, for example, by high-temperature industrial processes such as chlorine bleaching of pulp and thereby also enter the natural environment.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The import, sale, manufacture and release of products containing PCBs was banned in Finland in the 1990s.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Due to their chemical resistance, PCBs are difficult to dispose of after use.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

[6] Effects in nature Because many chlorinated hydrocarbons are toxic, they cause a number of problems when released into the wild.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

They are fat-soluble and get rich quickly in the food chain, causing problems at the top of the food chain.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

For example, DDT much used for pest control broke the chitin shell of insects but was not absorbed through their skin.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Because of this, it was believed to be quite harmless to use.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Because DDTs are not soluble in water, they accumulate dangerously in the body.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Especially when ingested, DDT quickly causes serious problems.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Especially for aquatic organisms, these compounds are dangerous.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

In mammals, DDTs cause disruptions in the endocrine system, miscarriages and liver and kidney disease.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

DDE, a degradation product of DDT, has been found to cause thinning of the shells of bird eggs, which may hinder their reproduction.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

PCBs are not acutely toxic, but when accumulated in the body over a long exposure time, they cause health harm.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

The compounds are stored in adipose tissues, for example, in the liver.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

Animals exposed to the compounds have experienced reproductive and developmental disorders and have also been found to cause cancer and affect hormone systems.


Question: What is hydrocarbon used for?

Hydrocarbons

[6] [4] Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The history of settlements in Finland is an interpretation of how people have spread across the territory of present-day Finland and what population changes have occurred in the region at different times.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Population history can be clarified by combining studies from archaeology, linguistics, history, paleoecology and population genetics.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Information is available only from the period after the last ice age, since the Ice Age has eradicated all archaeological remains older than that.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[1] Settlement history also wants to emphasise the national identity of Finns by demonstrating their long-term residence in Finnish territory.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[2] Theories about the origin of the Finns speak a Finno-Ugric language, and the language relates them to the Finno-Ugric peoples living in the south and east.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

From its old age, it was thought that the Finns have left the Volga bend region around 2500 BCE.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

mobilizing towards Finland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[3] Archaeology and genetics have not accepted the idea, but have since the 1960s emphasised the continuity of settlement, according to which Finland has been uninterruptedly inhabited since the end of the Ice Age.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Linguists have brought up evidence opposing continuity theory in recent years.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Some of them support the idea that there were Sami and Germans in Finland even before the coming of the Finns, which would have occurred at the beginning of the Iron Age.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The Finnish language may therefore have come from a bend in the Volga, although the Finnish population apparently does not originate there.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[4] A Finnish study published in 2008 revealed major differences in the lineage of Eastern and Western Finns.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

According to the study, East and West Finns differ more genetically than English from Germans.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The cause of large differences is considered isolation.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The genetic roots of Finns lie mainly in Central Europe, according to the study.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[5] However, Eastern Finns do not appear to be any closer to Russians than Western Finns, but quite the opposite: the genetic FST distance of Western Finns to both Russians and Swedes is about 30, Eastern Finns to both about 70.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Finns from different parts of the country may therefore be genetically farther apart at present levels than people from different parts of Europe.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The closest genetic relatives of Finns are Estonians and Swedes.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Indirectly from the same accounts, it can be concluded that Finns are genetically different from the Sami.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[4] Mesolithic and Neolithic period of the Stone Age The first humans arrived in Finland around the 8850s before the beginning of the period.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

When the first inhabitants arrived, Northern Finland was still covered with ice year-round, the forests were composed of hardwoods and the water level was so high that Central Finland and Savo-Karelia were the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In total, the early stage of settlement can be considered the period 8850-8000 BCE.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The settlement came to Finland from the Kundan-Butovon-Veretjen cultures as well as through the Norwegian coast.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Initially, the new areas did not freeze permanently, but after the warm season the hunters returned back to the areas they had left.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Because of the unpredictable winters, exploring the new area was safest in summer.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The conditions of the new area, and as its animals became familiar, small groups of families followed the fishing teams.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[6] The oldest signs of permanent settlement date back 10700 years in southern Karelia on the shores of Lake Ancylus, where today is the Kuurmanbottom of Joutseno.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Excavations have found ovals of seven metres long and three metres wide excavated to a depth of half a metre.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Digging into the ground suggests permanent settlement.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

From the excavation sites, the inhabitants of the older one, Kuurmanpohja Saareoja 2, are likely to have come from the east.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[7] The colonisation of the North began in the Stone Age about 20,000 years ago, when the ice age receded.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Ruijaan was born around 9000 BCE.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Early Mesolithic Komsa culture, the remains of which have also been found on the Finnish side.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[2] At the same time, the early Mesolithic Estonian Kunda culture spread to the Finnish side, as evidenced by the ancient settlement of Ristola in Lahti.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[8] As the culture from the south spread to Finland, the Suomusjärvi culture developed on the trail of axes, chisels, and red dirt graves along the shoreline of the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[2] In the traces of people from the Younger Stone Age (Neolithic period), earthenware is found that were not known to the Mesolithic culture.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Based on the styles of dishes, different cultures can be distinguished.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Comb ceramic culture (5000—3200 BC)


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

is the findrichest phase of the Stone Age.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Its remains are abundant in Lake Finland, so almost all of Finland was inhabited, but there were still quite a few people.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Residents who lived in the Younger Stone Age have left behind regional styles of asbestos pottery, Kierik pottery (3600—3100 BCE.)


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

as well as pottery of Pöljä and Jysmö (3100—1900 BCE).


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The artifact found includes skis, sleighs, chisels and fishing equipment, among other things.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

It has been speculated that the cultures of asbestos pottery in Inner Finland were Sami, but there is no definite information on this matter.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The Kierik culture of the Oulu region may have had links to the south.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[9] [10] The next wave of migration brought a tightrope culture, or hammeraxe people, to the coast of southwestern Finland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

It flourished around 3200/2900 BCE.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

— 2300/1800 BC.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

It is speculated that they were a people from the south who also engaged in farming.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Some scholars deny, for example, on the basis of coffin graves, that this is about a new people who came to the country.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Separately, there is still Åland pit pottery, whose livelihoods included seal hunting, fishing and birding.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

At the end of the Neolithic period, 1200 BCE.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The Kiukaisten culture spread to southwestern Finland, which is interpreted to have represented the Scandinavian seafarer people.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[10] The so-called Gökhem skeleton found in Sweden suggests that a people arrived in the Nordic region 5000 years ago from the Mediterranean culture who brought with them the art of farming.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

One discovery alone does not change the matter, but it strongly supports the notion that people who knew the principles of farming existed in the Nordic region as early as five thousand years ago.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[11] Bronze and Iron Ages The name early metal age is often used from the period beginning with the introduction of bronze in Finland in 1500 BCE.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

and ends at about 300 share., by which time the iron was already in use.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The transition to farming (cascading) took place no later than that.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In the coastal region, the Bronze Age caused quite distinct changes to everyday life.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Commerce busied and many professions (merchant, soldier, sailor) emerged.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

There are more object discoveries from this period than from the beginning of the Early Metal Age, suggesting an increase in population numbers.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[12] [13] Inland changes are less pronounced.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

For example, it was not until the 6th century that Kaski was cleared in the Gulf of Voud in Lake Saarijärvi.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

from.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

There was a shift to arable farming there, according to pollen analysis, in the 13th century.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[14] The transition from bronze to iron at the beginning of our time did not bring a rapid change to life in Finland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Language conditions were being outlined, for the year 1000 divide.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Around this time, the main dialects of the Finnish language were born.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

When the Baltic Finnish dialects of Ancient Karelian, Antiquity and Ancient Northern Estonian were mixed, two main dialects emerged: Ancient Savo on the basis of the first two and Ancient Finnish based on the last two.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[15] It is difficult to estimate the prehistoric population.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

After counting back in time from the known population of the 1560s, Finland's population at the end of the prehistoric period (13th century) has been estimated at 50000—80000 people.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[16] As there were few people, distant wilderness areas in Inner Finland could be considered wilderness holdings.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

This wilderness economy included the use of wilderness areas in the form of batch pleasure for catching big game and fur, fishing, and to a small extent for irrigation and animal husbandry.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Wilderness holdings were economically important to the houses and villages of the fronts.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In the summer, land was cultivated, in winter fishing trips were made to the wilds of the north.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The batch gradually began to attract the overpopulation of the South to move into the wilderness as regulars.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The movers were also fleeing taxes and military-taking.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[9] For example, in the late Middle Ages, the Jyväskylä region was a wilderness ownership of the houses of the present Hauho, [17] and the distance to its own wilderness was about 200 km.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

New settlement on the coasts and wilds The Swedish-speaking settlement of the coasts The Swedish population migrated to the side of present-day Finland from the 12th to 13th centuries.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Swedish settlement spread especially to archipelagos and coasts.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

By the end of the 14th century, the coastal areas were already almost completely inhabited by Swedes.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[18] From the Iron Age onwards, the Savonian settlement of the wilderness countryside was under pressure from the Finns to the north and east.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Permanent holdings began to form from wilderness holdings in the early 16th century.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The Finns and Lower Catakuns who settled in place did not participate in this, but other areas moved north and east down to the waterways.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The present Northern Savo was inhabited from 1542 onwards after Klemetti Henrikinpoika Krook, a scribe of Savonlinna, started organising settlement activities that had already occurred in the Middle Ages.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[19] [9] The colonisation of the wilderness took place at the will of King Gustav Vasa.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Attempts were made to increase tax revenues, to take wilderness into state ownership and to tie border areas into part of Sweden.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The settlers then headed from Southern Savo to Eastern Finland, Northern Ostrobothnia and Lapland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[20] The Savonian settlement activity spread in places to areas of the Hämälinen wilderness holdings.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The Hämäläs claimed the right to their lands, but from the 1550s the state favoured the Savonians, who gave rise to permanent settlement by cascading the lands by making huhtakasks.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

These former Hämäläinen areas were named Rautalamm keeper at the end of the 16th century.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Similar settlement activity also occurred further west in the areas of Upper Satakunta, Ruovesi Pirkkala and Kangasala, meant for settlers from the south: Savonians were forbidden from migrating to these areas.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

However, this happened both in Ruovesi and in the Lake Region of Southern Ostrobothnia, where Savonian features (Savonian wedge) came to the local dialect.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Migration of Savonians also occurred to North Karelia, Northern Ostrobothnia and Viena Karelia.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[19] Thus the strong genetic distribution of the Finnish population between Western and Eastern Finns was formed.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[20] After the Savonian settler movement, there were inhabitants throughout Finland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

There were 700 houses in North Karelia too.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Still, the focus of settlement was clearly in the south: about half of the inhabitants of Finland lived in the regions of Southwest Finland, Satakunta and Häme.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Savo and Karelian Isthmus were sparsely populated.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The total population of the kingdom is estimated at around one million people based on the silver tax list of 1571, of which in Finland around 300000.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Population growth was low, with infectious diseases, wars and years of disappearance taking people prematurely to the grave.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[19] Uniform population statistics began to be compiled in Sweden in the 1740s.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The kingdom had fewer people than thought: the population of Sweden was 1.8 million and Finland's population was just over 420,000 people.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[21] The population growth of the 19th century Finland's population grew very rapidly during the 19th century.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

There had been growth as early as the late 18th century, but about 40 years of rapid growth began from the 1830s.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

There were big regional differences.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The fastest growth was in rural areas of Central, Eastern and Northern Finland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

For example, the number of people in Vaasa County doubled between 1815 and 1865.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Growth was based on the development of agriculture, the establishment of new farms and a belief in the future.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The number of crofts also increased.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The fastest of all, however, was the increase in the rank-free population: the number of hilly smoked and parasitic populations doubled between 1815 and 1865.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Although agriculture developed, no grain was sufficient for the entire population as in good years.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[22] The livelihood of the unsubscribed population depended on the grain harvest.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In bad years, their survival was difficult.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The great hunger years of the 1860s forced hungry people to mobilize, “the way of miero and death.”


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

With hunger came infectious diseases, for example, typhoid fever, whooping cough and dysentery.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

During the Great Hunger Years, some 270,000 people died, but population growth soon recovered again.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The population of Finland was approximately 2.7million people in 1900.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[23] Leaving the way to Miero, on the other hand, increased migration to the factory localities.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The base for Finnish industrialization was laid during this period.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Industrialization required labor and began the first migration from the countryside to the cities.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The number of urban workers grew rapidly: in 1870 the urban workforce and their families numbered 150,000 people and in 1910 608000 people.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[24] The period of Russian rule brought to the country with the participation of Russian soldiers e.g.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Russians, Jews, Tatars, and East Asian immigrants.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Russian rule marked the growth of internationalization and foreign entrepreneurs emigrated to the country, among others.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Russia, Germany, England and Norway.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

There was also the emergence of immigration, especially to America.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[23] Many Savonians went to America by way of Kotka, but stayed to work, for example, in the sawmill and factories of the Norwegian company Hans Gutzeit.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Because of this, the Eagle is even more called the “America of the Savonians”.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Karelian settlers and migration to Sweden After the Winter War, Finland had to settle around 420,000 people who lived in the ceded territory, of whom 230000 had received their livelihood from agriculture.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The Quick Settlement Act aimed at establishing 35,000 farms.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The express settlement was not fully implemented until plans were messed up by the Continuation War.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Upon its completion, about 450,000 people had to be re-evacuated and populated.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[25] In 1944, 12% of the total land area had to be handed over to the Soviet Union.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Similar to the Express Settlement Act, efforts were now being made to form farms to be handed over to the colonists.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

This meant that the Karelians settled among the rest of the population, to which they adapted very quickly.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In addition, frontmen began to be colonised, some of whom were able to colonise the so-called cold space, which was an uncleared smallholding.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

16,000 of these were born mostly in Eastern and Northern Finland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[26] In the 1960s, a strong wave of migration to Sweden emerged in Finland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Its source areas were the eastern and northern parts of the country, where some farms were unproductive due to their small size (for example, former cold farms).


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

During 1969—1970 there were 80,000 migrants, including 40% from the counties of Oulu and Lapland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Around 350000 Swedish Finns currently live in Sweden.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Beginning in the Second World War by the 1980s, 700000 people migrated from Finland, although about half returned.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[27] Migrants and internal migration in the 1970s saw a surge in settlement in Finland with the reception of Chilean refugees and Vietnamese boat refugees in the 1980s.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

President Mauno Koivisto made a promise of return change for the Ingerians in the early 1990s.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

This has meant settling 30,000 Inger Finns living in the territory of the former Soviet Union and those of Finnish descent in Finland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Repatriation of former Finns does occur, but it is less pronounced than the exodus of Finns.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In late 2009, the Finnish government decided to limit the special treatment of Ingrian returnees.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[28] The 1990s also saw the beginning of the colonization of Somali and Kosovan refugees.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In the 2000s, refugees from war-waged countries have come to Finland e.g.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Afghanistan and Iraq.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Finland's internal migration was strong in the 1970s.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The issue is measured by the rate of inter-municipal migration, which in the early 1970s amounted to 51.5 migrations per 1,000 inhabitants per year.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In the early 1990s, migration was slightly lower, but in the 2010s it has accelerated again to 50.5 migrations per 1,000 inhabitants.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In practice, this is tantamount to emigration and a migration victory for university towns.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[29] Settlement history and Finnish disease heritage Finnish settlement history is an explanatory factor of Finnish disease heritage.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

A mixture of eastern, western and southern genes typical of the Finnish gene lineage was formed along with population changes.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In terms of hereditary diseases, the small number of Finnish population of the population was not significant in itself, but a more important part in the formation of the Finnish disease tradition has played by the spread of settlement in Eastern and Northern Finland, which was set at the end of the 16th century.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

In this case, individual or few family municipalities from the same village left the territory of the old settlement and established a new village, beginning with only a few houses in its new place of residence.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[30] Villages grew, and the genes of a few founding members were subjected to random variation ().


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The Finnish disease heritage was thus formed by the combined effect of two bottleneck phenomena.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

The first bottleneck about 2000 years ago [31] only selected a small part of the European gene lineage here.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

This is the reason that certain hereditary diseases common elsewhere in Europe do not occur here.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Another bottleneck at the end of the 16th century, with the beginning of house settlement in Eastern and Northern Finland, brought about the regional enrichment of some disease genes and thus caused the birth of the Finnish disease tradition.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

[32] See also population of Finland Sources on the topic elsewhere Jalanen, Kaarlo Jonathan:.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

PhD dissertation in 1865.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Tarkiainen, Kari: Swedish Oriental Country.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

From prehistory to Gustav Vasa.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Swedish History of Finland 1.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

(Finland Österland.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Från forntiden to Gustav Vasa.)


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

Svenska litteratursällskapet in Finland, 2010.


Question: Have the Sami people always colonized Northern Finland?

Settlements history of Finland

* Category:Demography


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Scarlett O'Hara (full name Katie Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler) is a fictional person in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 book Gone With the Wind.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

The character is also known from the film of the same name made from the novel.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Scarlett O'Hara is also a protagonist in the sequel Scarlett (1991) written by Alexandra Ripley to The Wind to the Sewer and the 1994 miniseries of the same name based on this.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Originally, Mitchell wrote the name of the protagonist of his book as Pansy, but decided at the publisher's urging to change the name at the last minute to Scarlett.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

The character Scarlett O'Hara is not described as beautiful in the traditional way, but she is considered very charming and feminine, due to her popularity among men.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Scarlett has inherited her pretty face from her French-born mother, Ellen, but by nature she bears more resemblance to her father from Ireland, Gerald.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

From her, Scarlett has inherited her easily searing nature, her selfishness, her cunning and her strong will.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

For her mother, who is a well-bred lady, Scarlett admires and aspires to be like her.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Often, however, the maternal doctrines are forgotten as Scarlett discovers how little joy the selfless people in her life get to experience.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Scarlett is a member of a wealthy weatherman family living in Clayton County, Georgia.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

The family's livelihood is based on the cultivation of cotton produced on the plantation.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

At the plantation, which her father has named Tara, Scarlett spends her adolescent years.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

As of April 1861, Scarlett is 16 years old and the eldest of three daughters in the family.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

He has two siblings, Susan Elinor, a year younger than Scarlett, who is called Suellen and Caroline Irene, who in turn is called Carreen.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Suellen is lazy, whiny and selfish, Carreen in turn quiet, dreamy and kind.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

In addition to them, Ellen has given birth to three infant boys, each named Gerald Jr.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

and who died even before they learned to walk.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

The direct behavior inherited from Scarlett's father seek to be shaped by both her mother and her black Mammy caregiver.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

At 16, Scarlett seems outwardly endearing, charming and thoughtless, but in reality she is selfish and vain.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

He knows the tricks that make men crush and which he uses very successfully.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

In addition to men, his true nature, he tries to hide from his mother and Mammy.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Almost every young man in the county and nearby area has fallen in love with the charming Scarlett.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Scarlett has fun with them, but in reality she believes she is in love with the son of another rich cotton plantation owner, Ashley Wilkes.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Ashley doesn't pursue Scarlett's popularity as taunchly as the other boys.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

She calm and pensive and, in Scarlett's opinion, a little strange.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Ashley and Scarlett differ to the greater extent.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Ashley enjoys reading, music and painting, which Scarlett does not understand at all.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Often speaking with Ashley, Scarlets feel as if they are speaking a different language.


Question: What year is Glenda Farrell born?

Scarlett O'Hara

Scarlett is straightforward, in that where Ashley is more complicated.