Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Match Match Composition A match is a game in tennis that lasts from the first ball to victory, forfeit or disqualification of the match ball by the second player.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The match is won by the player who first has won a pre-agreed number, two or three rounds.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In the former case, the often practical term 'best of three' is used for the manner of winning a match, and in the latter 'best of five' terms to indicate the maximum number of rounds needed to win a match.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Items consist of games.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The game score is calculated so that whoever wins one ball has 15 points, the winner of two balls has 30 points, and the winner of three balls has 40 points.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

However, if the game progresses to 40—40, it is said the game is tied.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In this case, the player who wins the next ball gains an advantage for himself, after which must win the next ball to win the game.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

If a player loses the ball, he loses the advantage, and the score is again tied at 40—40.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

If a pitching player loses advantage to a pass recipient in a 40—40 situation, a break ball is involved.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A batch is won by the player who first wins six games with a difference of at least two games.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

However, if both players have won five games in a round, not only the sixth but also the seventh won game is required to win the round.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

If both players have time to win six games, solve the round using the tie-breaker method.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In a tie-break, the balls won are counted.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Whichever wins seven balls first with a difference of at least two balls wins the tie-break and at the same time the round.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

If one receives a seventh ball, or a point, and the other has six points, the tie-break will continue until the necessary two won balls, i.e. two points, has arisen.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In the tie-breaker, both pitch alternately twice except for the first pitch inning, allowing whoever starts the tie-break to pitch only once.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The tie-breaker method was developed by Jim Van Allens.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

He created it to shorten the match.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In Grand Slam tournaments, the decisive final round of the match is played however without a tie-break rule so long until one has won two more games, meaning it is a so-called long set.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

As an exception to this, even the final round at the United States Open Tennis Championships (New York) is settled by the tie-break rule, as US television has so demanded.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The other three major tournaments are the Wimbledon Tennis Tournament (Wimbledon), French Open (Paris) and Australian Open (Melbourne) Tennis Championships.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Beats Punching is in tennis the contact of the bat with the ball.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There are many punches to be struck in different ways and with different threads.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A pass is a punch in tennis that starts a playable ball.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In a pass, the ball is thrown into the air and struck in a cross into the opponent's feed box.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

It is permissible to enter two passes, which allows for a harder attempt at the first time.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

When two passes fail, the question has a double foul, giving the opponent a point.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There are many types of feedings.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Losing your own pitch shift brings the opponent a breach and holding a pass is easier overall than breaking.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Because of this, losing even one pass can solve the whole lot.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

An ace refers to a pass entered in such a way that the opponent does not manage to hit the ball at all, but goes straight as a through pass.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A good pass is important on the platform than on the platform, though on turf the most important, as hard passes are harder to return than slow passes.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Most commonly, a player's first pitch is hard and the second pitch quieter, but very threaded, as it is not very easy to return a threaded ball either.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There are several terms associated with the pitch, which include: Ace, which refers to a successful pass that goes to the corner or center in general and from there through the opponent without touching the ball.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A big pass is a powerful pass that's hard to recover.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Breach, on the other hand, is a game where a pitcher loses a game.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Breaking ball refers to when the person receiving the pass wins the game if he wins the last, deciding ball.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A foul means hitting the ball into the net or outside the feed box, or punching past.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In a double error, the pitcher pitches twice into the net or outside the pitch screen or punches past two times and the receiver wins the point.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A foot foul means stepping into the boundary line or playing area before hitting the ball on a pass.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A pass hold is a game won by a pitcher.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A new pass comes if on the pass the ball hits the net tape, but goes to the receiver's feed box.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In this case, the pitcher receives a new pitch, whether it's the first or second pitch.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Palm batting is a punch in right-handed players that they hit from the right side of their body and left-handers from their left.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The palm beat can be struck straight, bottom threaded, top threaded, or side-threaded, depending on the location.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Pancho Segura, who played later in the 1940s, is probably even more famous for his legendary two-handed palm beat.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Of modern players, the palm of two hands is struck by Fabrice Santoro, for example.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Former top palm hitters included Swede Bjorn Borg and US Jim Courier.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

These days, the best palm hitters are, for example, Swiss Roger Federer and Spaniard Rafael Nadal.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The backhand is the opposite of a palm punch.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

It is a punch hit by a right-hander from his left side and a left-hander from his right side.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The knuckle can be struck with either one or two hands, but the two-handed knuckle is a little more common in men especially.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Women, on the other hand, most commonly have a one-handed backhand.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The knuckle can be struck with multiple threads, which are side twist, bottom thread, top thread, or threadless, straight beat.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

With two hands, their backhand beats such as Rafael Nadal and Andy Roddick and, with one hand, Roger Federer and Fernando Gonzalez, for example.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Of the former players, for example, Michael Chang slammed his backhand with two hands.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A flyer game is a game that includes fly strokes, a strike punch, a stop punch, and a pitch-flight punch game.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Those beats are most commonly struck from the net, although for example the bounce stroke and stopgap punch (stopper) are also often struck from elsewhere in the field.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Flight beats are struck with a sub-thread like a stop beat.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Flight strokes are struck from the palm or knuckle.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

An override refers to an event when a player gets on the net and the opponent manages to knock a player on the net from the left or right side past this so that the player in the net cannot get his racket between them.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

A punch punch is a punch from above the head after a high but too short punch by an opponent that can occur directly or through a bounce.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The punch punch is struck somewhat in the same style as the pitch.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Assist-flight batting is a game in which a player pitches and runs after his pass into the net to play a fly game.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The hot shot name is used for strokes not normally used in the game.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Such are situations when a player is in the net and gets overrun.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

He runs after the ball and knocks it backwards from between his legs.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

You can do the same thing going forward.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Also an event when, for example, a right-handed player puts his bat behind his back and puts it there on the left side and punches.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Also, hitting over the shoulders to beat backwards is kind of a hot shot.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Rules of Tennis involves a number of different rules relating to things such as field, points count, standard equipment, and various errors such as foot error and wrong pass.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The field must be in the shape of a rectangle, and the center with a mesh divided in half.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The network must be stretched so that it completely fills the space between the grid posts.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Nor should the ball fit into going through the net.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

At the top of the mesh must be a mesh tape covering the metal wire.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The network tensioner, as well as the mesh tape, must be completely white.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The diameter of the rope or wire must not exceed 0.8 cm, and the width of the tensioner should not exceed 5.0 cm.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The mesh tape must extend between 5 and 6.35 centimeters on both sides of the mesh.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In a two-player game, a singles network must be used, in which case the middle of the net posts must be 0.914 metres outside the singles limits.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Similarly, in a doubles network, the grid must be supported by two singles sticks with a height of 1.07 metres and the centre must be 0.914 metres outside the singles limits on both sides.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The names of the boundaries at the ends of the field are the rear borders and the sidelines on the sides.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The maximum width on the side of the singles stick is 7.5 centimeters.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The width or diameter of the net post shall not exceed 15 centimeters, and the net posts and singles sticks in question shall receive a maximum of 2.5 centimeters over the top edge of the net.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The pass should be cross and the foot should not go to the wrong side of the center mark when feeding.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

When feeding, the middle and middle border should be no more than five centimeters wide.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The feed limit is a limit of 6.4 meters from the grid, of which there is one on both sides.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The pass should take place in such a way that the player entering before the pitch must be positioned so that both his legs are behind the back line between the side line and the extensions of the center mark.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

When a pitcher throws the ball into the air, it is up to him to hit the ball before it touches the ground for the pitch to be accepted.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

If he punches past the ball, you still count the point.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

You're allowed to throw the ball in any direction.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

If the player is only able to use one hand, he can feed the ball into the air with the bat.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

If a pitcher throws a bad throw has the right to take the ball in his hand and throw again without losing that pass.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There are also several standard equipment associated with tennis, which are side and back walls or fences, as well as, for example, grandstands, the crowd and their seats, as well as various referees, which include the head judge, net judge and line judges, as well as ball boys giving balls to players.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Other standard features include mesh balusters, singles cues, as well as the off-grid part of the singles cues.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Balls are a significant part of tennis and must meet the requirements of the Tennis Federation.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The tennis federation either approves or rejects balls.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In competitive match, six balls are most often used, but two, three or four balls may also be used.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Most often, there is also the practice of changing balls, which occurs first after seven games played and onwards all the way after nine games played.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The ITF accepts or rejects balls used in competitions created by STLN.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The International Tennis Federation also decides whether rackets are acceptable or discarded.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

By the way, the same rules apply to the evaluation as when choosing balls.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The batting surface of the bat must contain only one set of tendons.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

You can put vibration dampers on the bat, which are supposed to be put on the outside of the intersecting tendons.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

If, for example, a tendon breaks on the bat, the point will still be played out unless it is specifically banned in the tournament.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

After the point played, the player has the right to change a new racket.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[2] History Tennis can be compared to a game called “sphairistike” played in ancient Greece.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Major Walter Wingfield borrowed this Greek name after creating the modern equivalent of the Greek game, which he patented in 1874.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The game eventually came to be referred to as “lawn tennis”, or “turf tennis”, which was another name patented by Wingfield.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The genesis of the current sports format can be traced back to two sources.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In 1856, lawyer Alex Ryden and his friend, Portuguese Batista Pereira were playing a game in Birmingham, England, which they named after the Spanish game pelota.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In 1872, the men moved to the town of Leamington Spa and played a game with one of the hospital's doctors.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Pereira and doctors Frederick Haynes and A. Wellesley Tomkins founded the first turf tennis club.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In 1874 they founded the Leamington Tennis Club, which laid down the first rules of the game.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

On 23 July 1884, a paper reported on one of the first tennis tournaments on the Shrubland Hall court.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In December 1873, Major Walter Clopton Wingfield created a similar game in Nantclwyd, Wales, to the delight of his guests and as a circuit for garden parties.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[1] His game was based on an older game of indoor tennis, jeu de paumen, which had been invented in 12th century France and had been played by French aristocrats.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

According to most tennis historians, much of modern tennis terminology is inherited from this period, because Wingfield borrowed not only the game but also much of the vocabulary of the French game.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

For example, the word “tennis” derives from the French word tenez, an imperative form of the verb tenir, to hold.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The game's commercial potential was obvious, so Wingfield patented it in 1874.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

However, the patent was of little benefit to Wingfield.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Tennis spread rapidly among the upper classes in Britain and the United States.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Reportedly the first match in the United States was played on Staten Island in 1874.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In 1881, a desire for a more competitive playing of tennis had sprung up, so tennis clubs were established.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The first championships were held at Wimbledon, London, 9—19.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

July 1877.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

That Wimbledon final was won by Spencer William Gore, who defeated Marshall in the final by scores of 6—1, 6—2 and 6—4.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

At the time, there were about 800 spectators.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Today, spectators can accommodate around 15000 in the central field.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The women's first singles at Wimbledon was played in 1884, when the first men's doubles were also played.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The first women's doubles and mixed doubles were played in 1913.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In the same year the International Tennis Federation was also founded.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In 1881, the United States Tennis Federation was created to standardize the rules of the game and hold competitions.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The first US Open was held that year in Newport, Rhode Island.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In 1887, the first U.S. Women's Championships were held.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The Davis Cup had its start in 1900.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The detailed so-called, published in 1924. The ILTF rules proved to be long-lived.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The most notable change to them over the next 80 years was James Van Alen's tie-breaker system.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[3] Tennis was originally an Anglo-American game and was dominated by Australia in addition to the United States and Britain.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In France, too, it was popular.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The French Open was first held in 1891.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The Australian Open got its start in 1905.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Those two tournaments, with Wimbledon and the US Open, emerged as tennis's most valuable tournaments, making up the so-called Grand Slam.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Winning these four tournaments is highly valued among tennis players.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[1] The first tennis player to have won all four Grand Slams in the same year was Donald Budge in 1938.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Of the men after him, only Rod Laver, who achieved that series of victories in 1962 and 1969.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

At all times, only one tennis player has achieved the so-called golden Grand Slam, namely winning all four Grand Slams and winning the Olympic title in the same year.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The player in question was Steffi Graf.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

This was in 1988.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In tennis, especially among female players, there have been players in each period who have dominated competitions.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In the early 20th century, the men dominated, for example, the Frenchman Max Décugis, whose achievements included eight wins in total in the French Open between 1903 and 1914, as well as an Olympic victory in Antwerp in 1920.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Subsequently, the 1920s were dominated anyway by the French, such as the “bouncy beret” Jean Borotra, an Olympic bronze medalist and multiple winner of Grand Slam tournaments.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Others included world number one Henri Cochet and “the crocodile” René Lacoste, also number one on the world list.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Since then, France has been no longer superior.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The biggest name in the next decade was US Don Budge and 1940s Jack Kramer.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The 1960s were dominated by 12-time Grand Slam winner Roy Emerson and Rod Laver.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Five-time Wimbledon winner Bjorn Borg, John McEnroe as well as Jimmy Connors dominated their turn in the second half of the 1970s as well as the early years of the 1980s, after which the number one player spot was held until the end of the decade mostly by Czech Ivan Lendl.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

During the 1990s, Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi dominated several times in the finals at different tournaments.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Sampras won a record 14 Grand Slam competitions; in the number of GS wins, he is only Roger Federer ahead of him.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The 2000s were dominated by Federer, and the 2010s were tided by Rafael Nadal as well as Novak Đoković.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Women's tennis in the 21st century has been dominated by Williams siblings Venus and Serena, Justine Henin, and Marija Šarapova.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Henin ended her career in May 2008, becoming the first tennis player to leave the playing field as number one on the world list.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Previously, in the 1970s and 1980s, the fields were dominated by Martina Navrátilová and Chris Evert, who both won as many as 18 Grand Slam tournaments.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Evert has the best win-loss statistic ever, with 1309 wins and 146 losses.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Navrátilová, on the other hand, still won the mixed doubles title in 2006 at Wimbledon, aged 49.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

He has won the Wimbledon singles title nine times.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Before them, female tennis was dominated by Australian Margaret Smith Court — doubles including 24-time Grand Slam winner — as well as USA's Billie Jean King.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

King also became famous as a promoter of women's tennis and a demand for the equal prize-money principle.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The 1990s were dominated by Steffi Graf, a 22-time Grand Slam winner.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

However, perhaps the most superior female tennis player of her time was Dorothea Lambert Chambers, who won Olympic gold at the 1908 Olympics in London and seven Grand Slam tournaments, all at Wimbledon.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In the 1911 final, she defeated Dora Boothby by as many as 6—0, 6—0.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Chambers finally found her winner when, in the 1920s, rose to the estrad, Frenchstar Suzanne Lenglen, who won 12 Grand Slam tournaments in her career.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In the 1930s, tennis in turn was dominated by Helen Wills Moody, who won as many as 19 Grand Slam tournaments.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Competitive activities Professional tennis Men's professional tennis is coordinated by the ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals), the women's equivalent of the WTA (Women's Tennis Association).


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Grand Slam tournaments Australian Open tennis tournament — Australian Open French Open — French Open (Roland Garros) Wimbledon Tennis Tournament — Wimbledon Championships United States Open — US Open National Team Championships Annually held for men Davis Cup and for women Fed Cup.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Both are very popular.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There is also competition in tennis at the Olympics, where the most recent singles Olympic champions are Andy Murray and Mónica Puig at the Rio Olympics.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Other tournaments Hopman Cup Hopman Cup differs from Davis Cup Fed Cup by having one man and one woman on that team.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In addition, the Hopman Cup is not as popular.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Tennis is also played on a wheelchair level.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

There, the most famous competition is the World Team Cup, which has always been played since 1985 every year.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The most wins are by the United States, which has won that tennis tournament nine times, in 1985—1991, 1995 and 1997.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The United States is considered the homeland of wheelchair tennis; it was not until the 1990s that the sport arrived in Finland.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[4] The records for the most Grand Slam tournaments in women's singles have been won by Margaret Smith Court (24, from 1960 to 1973) [5] and in men's singles by Roger Federer (20, between 2003 and 2018).


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[6] The most singles tournaments have been won by Martina Navrátilová, who has won 167 WTA tournaments.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In doubles tournament wins he has 178 apiece.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[7] Roger Federer has been to the semi-finals of a Grand Slam tournament 23 times in a row, from 2004 Wimbledon to the 2010 Australian Open.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The most Grand Slam wins total (59) by Martina Navrátilová (18 women's singles, 31 women's doubles, 10 mixed doubles).


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Rod Laver is the only tennis player to have won an entire Grand Slam (all Grand Slam tournaments in the same calendar year) twice.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Steffi Graf is the only tennis player to win the “Golden Grand Slam” (Golden Grand Slam = victory of all Grand Slam tournaments and Olympic Games in the same calendar year).


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

Rafael Nadal has won the most matches played by mass in a row (81, between 2005 and 2007).


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The longest-serving top spot on the men's world list has continuously thrived Roger Federer (237 weeks) and Roger Federer in total (308 weeks).


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

At the age of 36, Federer emerged as the oldest male player in history to number one on the world list on 19 February 2018.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The toughest pass in professional tennis ever has been entered by Australian Samuel Groth (263 km/h).


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

[8] The most Davis Cup victories are for the United States, which has won the Davis Cup men's national team championship 31 times between 1900 and 1995.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The most consecutive Davis Cup victories are also held by the United States, there are seven, between 1920 and 1926.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

In 1927 the winner was six years from now on successively won France.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

This is the second longest series.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

This series was again truncated by Great Britain in 1933.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The longest tennis match on the professional tour has lasted 11 hours and five minutes.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

It was played at Wimbledon in 2010.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The match faced John Isner and Nicolas Mahut.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The match ended in Isner's favour with Erin 6—4, 3—6, 6—7, 7—6 and 70—68.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

The final and decisive installment lasted more than eight hours on its own.


Question: How tall is Andy Murray?

Tennis

See also Tennis (journal) Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aitio Tommi| title = On tour - professional tennis backgrounds| publisher = Key| year = 2006| isbn = 9525524272}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Antoun Rob| title = Play better tennis | publisher = readme.fi| year = 2013| isbn = 9789522206848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Carlson Anna-Riikka| title = Key to tennis | publisher = Key| year = 2003| id = ISBN 952-5524-00-0}} Citation error, replace with {citation ite book| author = Gallwey Timothy| title = Beat your opponent, beat yourself! | publisher = Key| year = 2005| version = Initial work: The Inner Game of Tennis| id = ISBN 952-5524-08-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Douglas Paul| title = Tennis ABC| year = 1991| id = ISBN 951-35-5176-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Douglas Paul| title = Great tennis book| publisher = WSOY| year = 1983| id = ISBN 951-0-11677-7}} On the topic elsewhere, Finnish Tennis Federation, International Tennis Federation, Men's Professional Tour, Women's Professional Tour, Tennis Live Tracking includes a wide range of information hobbyist too * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Saab was a Swedish automobile brand whose manufacture was started in 1947 by Svenska Aeroplan AB.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The current name National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS) manufactures one Saab model Saab 9-3.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[1] In 2000, Saab was acquired by General Motors, a major US car manufacturer, but went bankrupt in 2009.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Subsequently, the car brand was briefly owned by Dutch car manufacturer Spyker, until in 2012 the Saab brand was acquired by Chinese-Swedish company NEVS.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[2] Saab has become known for its safety solutions and turbocharged engines.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

History From aircraft to first passenger car Saab was founded in Sweden in 1937 under the name Svenska Aeroplan Aktiebolaget (SAAB) to manufacture military aircraft.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Production started in Trollhättan in the same premises where Bristol aircraft engines were produced.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

During 1940, the Saab factories assembled Brewster and Fiat fighters for the Finnish Air Force.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[3] After World War II, the company's production focused on military machinery was forced to expand.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Rolf Mellde, Sixten Andersson (Sixten Sason) and Gunnar Ljungström were tasked with designing the production of a small passenger car.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Mellde was responsible for engine development and Saso's styling.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Around this time, the second domestic Volvo had only large cars in its collection, so the trio responsible for the design decided to use the small passenger car of the DKW (Dampf-Kraft Wagen) popular in Sweden as one of their previews.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In marketing, when talking about the production model, the word small car was used instead of a folk car, with which Saab sought to emphasize the image of quality.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[4] The pre-production models were produced for different levels of testing and Sixten Andersson was the designer of the future production model.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

A prototype (Saab 92001) which took shape from the wing of the aircraft was presented to the press as early as summer 1947.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

There were several problems with the launch of production.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Wealthy, standing on the sidelines from World War I battles, Rutitin suffered a shortage of raw materials.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

This also affected the production of a future model, the Saab 92.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The assembly of the car plant was rudimentary.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Not all the necessary machinery, roof conveyors and presses could be obtained.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Car bodies were moved on handcarts until they got the tires under.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Later, as part of the installation of production lines, it was necessary to raise the roof of the old hall for conveyor lines.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[4] After the wars, DKW's patents became vacant and Saab sought to utilize a simple two-stroke engine in its model, which nevertheless produced its own problems.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

DKW affiliations extended to another Swedish automaker, Philipsons Automobil AB, which was also designing its own passenger car based on DKW's car model.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Fortunately for Saab, Philipsons' plans, as well as production, lagged behind.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In 1947, the manufacturers entered into a cooperative agreement in which Saab agreed to sell between 8000 and 10000 Saab 92s to Philipsons, with Philipsons as the sole acquisition of the merchandising rights until 1951.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

A quarter of the production in the first years was exported abroad, mainly because the state craved foreign currency.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Finally, in January 1950, production was launched for the first production model.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[4] Saab 92 was well received by press and customers alike.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Thanks in part to this, and with further persistent production difficulties, the car could not be manufactured in line with demand.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Eventually only 500 cars in 1950.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

After three decades with the forms of the Saab 92, the fresh Saab 92 model was updated in accordance with customers' wishes and with the generous changes in 1953, the model was renamed the Saab 92B.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

All Saab 92 models were better equipped (Deluxe), although the basic model was still offered in marketing.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The colour of the cars was green, which is reported to have had surpluses from the wartime ending.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The model also enjoyed success in the rally (the Monte Carlo rally, among others), although the engine was quite low-powered.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Rolf Mellde, who was responsible for engine design, drove the first races at Rikspokalen in 1950.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

A larger overhaul occurred in December 1955 when the Saab 93, largely based on the Saab 92, was brought along with the current design.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

With the rally success, Saab sought hard to also build the sports car Saab Sonnet, the production of which nonetheless tapered off.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The 93 model was produced in the late days as the Saab 93B with the two-piece windscreen changing to one and the privateer doors becoming standard doors as the Saab 93F.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

With a 1957 Saab 93, Erik Carlson won the Rally Sweden and Rally Finland.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

After the turn of the decade, manufacturing of the Saab 96 began, which became the company's first real product of success.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Security played a significant part in the character's image from early days.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Perhaps the most significant step was taken in 1962 with the launch of the sports car Saab Sport as standard equipment with seat belts and rubber safety bumpers in the 1970s.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

At the turn of the decade, the 500000th Saab was completed.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

A smaller Saab similar to the 96 model had been manufactured in principle from the early days of the brand.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Classic shapes were perceived as old-fashioned and had to be replaced by a new, fresh small car.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[5] 1974 saw the completion of the Saab 98 (working title X14) based on the platform of Saab 95 designed by Björn Envall.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The model saw combi coupé shapes for the first time, later realised in the Saab 99 and Saab 900.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

However, the Saab 98 remained a harharhare trip in the history of the brand and the 98 was not produced more than a few pre-models.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In January 1980, the last Saab 96s were completed from the Uusikaupunki car plant.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Overall, Saab 96 was completed in Sweden and Finland with a total of 547,221 cars.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Saab steps into the middle class: The new Saab 99 Even in the 1950s, the competitive market for small cars was crowded.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

At the same time, prosperous Swedish customers began to demand more size, equipment and power from their cars.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Production plans for the larger Saab began soon after passenger car production began as early as 1955.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Designer Sixten Sason, then still Sixten Anderson, borrowed shapes from French company Citroën for a car model named Saab 99.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Personal forms soon received the additional name Le Canard (duck) as well.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

On 2 April 1964 permission was obtained from the Swedish government to proceed based on Sason's plans and the secret working title became name-day hero Gudmund.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The government also interfered with the design of the future car and generic 2- and 4-door models qualified as production models instead of the combi coupé.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The station wagon model was also one option along the lines of the Saab 95, but it never got into production.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[6] Testing of test models took place cautiously and some of the cars were disguised as Saab 96 or Daihatsu badges.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

A bigger model could be expected all the way to 1967, when the Saab 99 was finally released.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Sixten Sason, the car's chief designer, passed away the same year before the model's release at the age of just 55.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The new model was marketed as a “broad-shouldered Swede” due to the broad gauge.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The model was developed along its production.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In 1971, the Saab 99 received headlight washers.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Engine power was increased and in the early 1970s the Saab 99 EMS, Saab's sporty family car, went on sale.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Development of its own engine began around this time.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The B engine had a cylinder volume of 2.0 litres.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Production of the Saab 99 continued for a long time right up to 1984.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Saab and Scania merge in 1968 Turbo-Saabit In one way, a new era began after the 1977 Frankfurt Car Fair, when the brand had introduced the Saab 99 Turbo.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Saab 99 Turbo was not the first car model equipped with a turbocharger, as BMW and Porsche, among others, had produced turbo-driven sports cars.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

However, Saab engineers managed to take advantage precisely in civilian transport.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Almost immediately after the stern, a new car model was obtained from a small automaker.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Saab 900 proved to be a success and manufacturing continued all the way to 1998.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In the mid-1980s, the first open-plan Saab, the Saab 900 Cabriolet, was completed.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The designers of the Uusikaupunki car factory were heavily involved in the design of the open model.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Around the same time, Saab participated in the Tipo-4 project, in which, in collaboration with three car brands (Saab, Fiat, Lancia), a base plate was produced on top of which manufacturers were allowed to build their car models.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Following the withdrawal of Saab and the entry of a third Italian car brand, Alfa Romeo, Saab developed the representative class model Saab 9000 in 1985.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

With General Motors as the new owner, Saab ran into financial trouble in the 1980s and the Wallenbergs industrial family was forced to sell a 50% stake in the company to US company General Motors in 1990.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[7] At the same time, passenger car production was unbundled into Saab Automobile AB.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[8] Overproduction of cars and the company's other difficulties led to the closure of the Arlöv plant in Sweden and a couple of years later the same thing happened to the Malmö plant.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Manufacturing of the Saab 9000 ceased in 1998 and the Saab 9-5 went on sale in the same year.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Wallenbergs' investment company Investor sold the remainder of its ownership in 2000 to General Motors.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[9] Saab's collection remained exceptionally small to continue (medium 9-3 and representative class 9-5).


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

On the 2000s side, efforts were made to expand the range with the advent of relations with General Motors by bringing an almost fully based Saab 9-2X to the Subaru Impreza.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

A car belonging to the smaller middle class was sold only in the United States.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

With poor success, it exited the range as early as two model years in 2006.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Poor sales have also been hit by the Saab 9-7X city SUV based on the bottom of the Chevrolet Trailblazer, sold only in the US market.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The 9-7X was planned to be replaced with Subaru collaboration with Subaru Tribeca by a 9-6X SUV built on the same platform.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In the second half of the first decade of the 21st century, Saab introduced a concept car from the 9-4X city SUV.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The tightening world economy and the financial troubles of parent General Motors definitively cut the way for such plans after General Motors filed for bankruptcy in 2009.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In 2007, Saab actually introduced the all-wheel-drive Saab for the first time, the Saab 9-3 XWD; the earlier four-wheel drive models 9-2X and 9-7X were direct derivatives (so called. “badge engineering”) from other car models.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In 2009, an elevated 9-3X using the same all-wheel drive technology came into the range to compete alongside Volvo's XC70 and Audi Allroad.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Saab manufacturing in Finland also ended in the 2000s.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Uusikaupunki car factory in Uusikaupunki manufactured Saabes from 1969 until 2003 when the manufacturing of the Saab 9-3 Cabriolet moved to Graz, Austria.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

During the years, all Saab 90s were produced in Uusikaupunki as well as extended special models for Saab 99s and Saab 900s.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

During those 34 years, more than 700,000 Saab passenger cars were manufactured in Finland.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In addition, Saab was produced for a short time in 2007 and 2008 in Germany, at the Rüsselsheim plant.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

With the 2009 crisis, the 2010 Spyker merger and new owner NEVS Saab parent General Motors drifted to the brink of bankruptcy in late 2008, it had considered as one of the emergency measures to completely abolish its heavy loss-making Saab car brand.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[10] On February 18, 2009, General Motors presented its new business plan to the administration of new U.S. President Barack Obama with the intention of justifying its viability to the federal government of the United States and the plan includes an exit from Saab.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Proving viability is a prerequisite for receiving emergency funding from the federal government, as General Motors, due to the financial crisis and the ensuing decline in new car sales, is in great trouble and without emergency US federal assistance would be driven into bankruptcy.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

On February 19, 2009, Saab was reported to stop paying its bills and seeking corporate restructuring.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[11] In June 2009, the US State became the principal owner of the new General Motors (60%) with Canada owning 12% and the automotive workers pension fund owning 18%.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[12] Following the end of the corporate restructuring period, an investment group led by Swedish sports car manufacturer Koenigsegg entered into a letter of intent to acquire Saab Automobile from General Motors in June.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

General Motors, as well as Chinese investors, were becoming small part-owners.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[13] Koenigsegg had put forward long-time plans to change the Saab label from the current to a more expensive luxury brand.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Saab introduced the new Saab 9-5 at the Fall 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[14] On November 24, 2009, news channel CNBC reported that General Motors had cancelled plans to sell Saab to Koenigsegg.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[15] Following the cancellation of the Swedish sports car manufacturer, the deal as candidates to buy Saab changed from Renco Group to Dutch sports car manufacturer Spyker Cars.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[16] Around the same time, General Motors struck a deal to sell production lines of Saab's old sedan models (9-5 and 9-3) to Chinese company BAINC.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[16] In January, Spyker made a new takeover offer for General Motors for Saab.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Similarly, US investment company Merbanco left Spyker after a fresh bid for Saab.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[17] Formula One mogul Bernie Ecclestone announced his interest in Saab in January 2010.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Around the same time, the company's management was replaced and the consultants responsible for the shutdown plan to terminate Saab's sales and distribution division, dealership and subcontracting agreements.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[18] In the same year, Volvo, another traditional Swedish passenger car manufacturer, was in a similar situation in many respects, with Ford of the United States selling to, among other things, Chinese investors.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[19] On January 26, 2010, Spyker Cars was reported to have reached an agreement to acquire Saab from General Motors.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[20] The deal was signed on February 23, 2010.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[21] Spyker paid $74 million, or EUR 54 million, for Saab shares.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Still, General Motors still retained for itself Saab shares worth $326 million.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[22] The agreement involves the new car manufacturer being renamed Saab Spyker Automobiles.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[23] [24] In September 2010, Saab entered into a cooperation agreement with BMW, mostly related to engine technology.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Since 2010, Saab has entered into a cooperation agreement with German company BMW in relation to engine technology.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In March 2011, production of new cars was interrupted in Trollhättan due to payment difficulties to the company's subcontractors.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[25] Saab's letter of intent with Chinese companies Youngma and Pangda threatened to be cancelled in October 2011 when the Chinese would have preferred the entire stock of the company, which Saab subsequently agreed to.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[26] [27] On December 19, 2011, Saab filed for bankruptcy after the money supply was exhausted.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[28] Car production restarted with the old 9-3 model in December 2013 when new owner National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS) launched operations at the Trollhättan plant.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[1] NEVS' owners include NME Holdings, registered in the Virgin Islands, with a majority stake, and the City of Qindao (Qingdao Qingbo Investment Co Ltd).


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[29] However, Saab production stopped in May 2014, and in August of the same year NEVS went into liquidation, from which it was cleared in April 2015 by order of the Vänersborg court.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[30] [31] In May 2015, NEVS announced that it had received two strategic partners from China.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

They are Tianjin Binhai Hi-tech Industrial Development Area (THT) and Beijing State Research Information Technology Co.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Ltd.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

(SRIT).


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

At the same time, NEVS announced its intentions to open a new factory in the city of Tianjin, China.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[32] Saab in Finland Saab's first representative in Finland was Importer Oy from Helsinki, which imported around 900 Saab passenger cars from 1950 to 1963.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In 1963 Saab representation passed to Oy Scan-Auto AB, which had been importing Scania-Vabis brand trucks and bus chassis since 1949.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[33] In 1959, only about 500 Saab passenger cars were registered in Finland.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Import rationing of passenger cars ended in 1962, but Saab remained a fairly rare brand of cars due to its relatively expensive price.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[34] In 1965, for example, the Ford Taunus and Cortina cost the same as the Saab 96 (8900 marks), although they were part of the larger size range.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[35] At the same time, however, Saab gained fame as a rally car, especially thanks to Carl-Otto Bremer and Simo Lampinen.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[34] A few pieces of Saab Sonett sports car were imported on special order.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[36] In 1968, Saab-Valmet Oy, a Finnish-Swedish joint venture, was established in which the Finnish state was part owner through Valmet.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Automobile assembly at the Uusikaupunki automobile factory began in November 1969.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The choice of Uusikaupunki as the location for the plant was partly due to the fact that the Uusikaupunki region, Vakka-Suomi, enjoyed tax concessions granted to the so-called development regions at that time.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

During the 1970s, Saab's share of Finland's passenger car fleet rose appreciably from one per cent to around eight per cent.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

With just under 6300 Saabs on the register at the end of 1969, the corresponding figure ten years later was around 95,000, more than 13 times higher.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[37] Saab 95 models were registered as vans as so-called hidden farmers between 1967 and 1971 for a total of 2638 copies.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[38] As a rally car, the Saab 96 offered tough resistance to newer car models even in the 1970s, and Scan-Auto was driven by others such as Simo Lampinen, Tapio Rainio and Jari Vilkas.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[37] Saab models designed at the Uusikaupunki car factory and only manufactured there were the extended Saab 99 Finlandia presented in 1977 and 99 Petro, which went on sale in 1979.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In Saab 99 Finlandia, the standard model had been extended from the middle with an extra 20 centimeters, and most of them went to government institutions and companies.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Saab 99 Petro used kerosene or turpentine as fuel, along with petrol, the former when started and at peak load, and the latter when driving at partial power.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The state played its part by enacting a law that made vehicles using wood-derived fuel free from vehicle tax; though, the law applied only to domestically manufactured vehicles.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

However, Saab Petro remained short-lived as a model, as oil companies were not eager to invest in kerosene distribution channels due to lower demand, fuel price trends became disadvantageous for kerosene and, moreover, technical dilemmas arose in cars.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[37] Car models Picture modelmanufacturing informationAAB 921949—1956The first production model was a small two-stroke car.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Model shapes originated in the company's aircraft history and survived until the end of manufacturing of the Saab 96 in 1980 in the smallest Saab models.The Saab 931955—1960Saab 93 was Saab's second mass-produced passenger car model.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Was largely based on the 92 model.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Saab Sonett1956, 1967—1974Saab light-built sports car model.The Saab 951959—1978Saab 95 was a station wagon version of the Saab 93 introduced in 1959.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

When the Saab 96 entered the market a year later, the 95 model changed and began using the same basic parts and technology as the 96.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[39] 150pxSaab 961960—1980Saab 96 is one of Saab's most distinctive models.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

It is a 2-door coupé that was based on the Saab 93 and 95.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The first models were two-stroke, but in 1967 the four-stroke V4 was changed to the engine.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The same change was made to Saab 95.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[39] The Saab 991968—1984The bigger middle class Saab 99 saw the launch of seat belts and a turbocharger.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The new body model Combi coupé expanded the model range in the early 1970s. The Saab 9001979—1998900 is a bigger model and sort of a sister model of the 90.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The earlier model was received as a sedan and a hatchback Combi coupé.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The next model was only hatchback 3- as well as 5-door.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The successor of the second generation is the Saab 9-3.Saab 901984—198799 model extender manufactured in Uusimacity with the bow of its predecessor and the stern of the 900 model.The Saab 90001984—1998Saab 9000 was the output of the Tipo4 project with Saab.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Saab had financial difficulties and so was born a large Saab into a much-needed class.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The 9000 featured two body models sedan and hatchback.The 150pxSaab 9-51997—9-5 is Saab's larger model.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

It is available as a sedan and station wagon. The Saab 9-31998—Saab 9-3 is based on the further developed Saab 900 (1993-1998).


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Saab 9-3 Sport Sedan starting in 2003 and Saab 9-3 SportCombi starting in 2005.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Today it is also available as an open roof sportcabrion.Saab 9-2X2004 to 2006Lower middle class model, which was essentially a Subaru Impreza modified to Saab with its external essence.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The car was manufactured at Subaru's factories in Japan.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The car was mainly aimed at the U.S. market.Saab 9-7X2005—Manufactured for GM's GM SUV chassis in the manner of the Chevrolet Trailblazer.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The 9-7X Aero is the most powerful and fastest model in Saab's history (0-60mph) [40].


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

For sale only in the United States and Canada, as well as Sweden.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Special and concept models Ursaab (1946) Saab's first passenger car prototype (Swedish: UrSaab) was completed in June 1947.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The car had a transverse two-stroke engine and its aerodynamic shape resembled an aircraft wing.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The body structure was solid.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Saab Monster (1959) Saab Quantum (1962-1963) Saab Cather (1964) Saab MFI13 (1965) Saab Toad (1966) Saab 98 (1974) Saab 99 Finland (1976-1978) With the help of the 99 GLE luxury model that came to the Model Year 1976, Saab 99 received an extended representation model in Finland. became Finlandia (99 GLE-L) according to its country of manufacture.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The model model of Finlandia comes from neighbouring Sweden, where President Urho Kekkonen had bought an extended Saab 99 made with a small body version (Heiners, Malmö).


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Finlandia model, made in Uusikaupunki alone, featured a 25cm extension of the 4/5-door rear door between the front and rear doors, with its own narrow screen called the “sauna battery”.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The 1976 model year was made a few pre-series Finlandia.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In the first year of production 1977, only 15 pieces of Finlandia were produced in Uusikaupunki.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

In 1978, 11 more pieces of Finlandia, 20cm longer than the standard model, were completed, where the extra length was divided equally between the front and rear doors.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Two of these had turbo technology.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[41] Saab 900 Finlandia/CD (1979-1986) Finlandia lore continued in the 900 model.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

20cm extended representative cars were initially made as 5-door (900 Finlandia), and later as 4-door (900 CD).


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

A total of 580 copies of these were made in Uusikaupunki.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The last six 900 CDs were produced in 1986.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Saab EV-1 (1985) Saab EV-1 (Experimental Vehicle Number One) was one of Saab's prototypes, a futuristic sport coupé that, with a two-litre turbo engine, reaches a speed of 270 kilometers per hour and accelerates from zero to 100 in 5.9 seconds Saab 9-X (2003) Saab 9-5 BioPower (2006) Saab Aero-X (2006) Main article: The Saab Aero-X Aero-X is a two-seat sports car that is a combination of Saab's aircraft history as well as trends for future models.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The car has a 400-horsepower bioethanol-powered 2.8-liter V6 engine powered by two turbos.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The distinctive features of the concept model include the missing a-pillars and the uniform opening of the doors and ceiling. [42].


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

The Saab 9-5 BioPower 100 Consept (2007) Concept car was presented at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2007.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

With 100% ethanol, 224kW (300 hp) is obtained from the engine.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[43] [44] Saab 9-1 Possibly a future compact passenger car.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Its chassis design is suspected to be based on General Motors' Delta platform, which produces Opel Astros.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

[45] Saab 9-2 Retro model planned with body design as a two-door coupé.


Question: What was Saab's last car model?

Saab (car brand)

Gallery (production models) Saab 92 Saab Sonett III Saab 96 Saab 900 Cabriolet Saab 9000 Saab 9-5 Saab 9-3 Gallery (special concept models) Saab 92001 (UrSaab, first Saab) Saab 99 (Saab “Daihatsu”, prototype) Saab 900 cabriolet (prototype) Saab 9000 cabriolet (prototype) Saab EV-1 (concept) Saab 9X1 (concept) Saab Aero-X (concept) Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Jukka| title = Pilot's Perspective II| publisher = Kerava: Jukka Ruunio| year = 1993| id = ISBN 951-9686| 6-0-6}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Swedish Automotive Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule in Finland is a period in Finnish history when Finland was part of the Kingdom of Sweden.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule was not a continuous era and its inception was a long-term process involving ambiguity.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule ended as a result of the Finnish War on 17 September 1809.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule began with the crusades to Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the new powers, the Finnish Grand Peasants of Moisioi were forced to give up their positions and their estates fell into the ownership of the Swedish Crown and the Catholic Church.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[1] In connection with the crusades, as a result of the colonization of the Finnish coast by the Swedes, its Finnish inhabitants essentially lost their fishing rights in the area.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Conflicts between newcomers and Finns also arose over farming rights.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[2] The Swedish language became the language of the nobility and the upper bourgeoisie, and priests and scholars were forced to use it as their official language.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During Swedish rule, the Finnish language was in danger of being lost, because it could not be used with the authorities, and newspapers were not written or produced enough non-fiction.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Throughout the countries' connection, Finns were considered a separate people and, due to the language issue, did not have the same rights as the Swedes.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Swedish kings visited Finland rarely and Finns were considered more primitive than Swedes or Germans and their language inferior.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] During Swedish rule, Finland became part of Western Christendom and the cultural, social and economic order of Western Europe, on the basis of which, among other things, a market economy, constitutional statesmanship and legalistic principles tied to legalistic principles of law emerged. administration.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Finnish language and some features of Finnish antiquity and culture remained despite conscious Swedishisation during Swedish rule, although they changed when adapting to new circumstances.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] [4] Finland's location as the frontier country of the kingdom brought numerous wars and raiding expeditions to the region.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Swedish Crown Prince Adolf Fredrik stated in 1746 that Finland was Sweden's warehouse and protective wall.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] During this period the Swedish Empire has also been referred to as Swedish-Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The term was coined retrospectively to describe the kingdom which included the main parts of present-day Sweden and Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Historian Peter Englund has stated that Finland during Swedish rule was not part or province of confederation but “... the eastern half of that kingdom which was practically destroyed in 1809, after which both parts went their separate ways.” In particular, Englund considers the Swedish Great Power period to be the common “property” of present-day Sweden and Finland, since the rise to superpower would have been impossible for a parched state without the resources of the eastern part of the empire.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[5] Early stages of Swedish rule The beginning of the period of Swedish rule was a long-standing process involving different regions of Finland at varying degrees at different times.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Finland, or Sweden, cannot be spoken of at this stage as a unified administrative entity.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Kingdom of Sweden spread to Finland in the midst of its own process of birth and consolidation.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As recently as the beginning of the 13th century, the law of West Götaland constantly referred to the East Götans and the Uplantians as foreigners.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Sweden's first written output, the Eerikinkronika, written in the 1320s, also speaks not of the Swedes but, for example, the Sveans, the Gothenites and the Uplantians.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[7] The Kingdom of Sweden can be said to have arisen around the year 1350.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] The early stages of the period of Swedish rule are fundamentally related to the missionary work of the Catholic Church in Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The northern Baltic region was a pagan area from the point of view of the Catholic Church and its goal was the conversion of the region to Catholicism.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In practice, the aim of the church was driven by the kings who professed the Catholic faith in the region, as well as by the crusaders, who were allowed in the name of Christianity to conquer new territories under their control.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Crusades to Finland were made at least by Swedes and Danes, possibly including Germans and Norwegians.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[8] [9] [10] Orthodox Novgorod also fought a typical war against the Finnish tribes.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Since at least 1042, the Hämäläs, or more commonly the Western Finns, had been waging almost constant war against Novgorod and the Baltic-Finnish peoples of the Karelian region, such as the Vatyans and the Ingra.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

These conflicts contributed to the Swedes” chances of conquering territories from Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A contemporaneous description of the Baltic conversion, Henry's Livonian Chronicle, gives a bloody picture of the conversion work of late 12th-century and early 13th century German Knights and Danes.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Christianity was well established in Sweden by the 12th century and its nascent kingdom sought to compete with Germany and Denmark for influence in the Baltics and around the Gulf of Finland by fighting the pagans and conquering lands from these.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the Baltic war expedition ended for the Swedes in 1220 with the destruction of the Swedish forces, including the earl and bishop, by the Islanders, and the fortress they had established at Lihula.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[11] [12] The first historical reference to the rule of Swedes in Finland is the earliest legend of St. Eerik, dating from the 1270s, according to which King Eerik the Saint and the English bishop Henry made the so-called First Crusade to Finland in the 1150s.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Legend tells that the king returned after an expedition to Sweden with the bishop remaining to arrange the ecclesiastical conditions in Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the war expedition is not considered a real event today.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[13] The following reference in historical sources to Swedish influence in Finland is the statement in the Lübeck chronicle of 1266: “Duke Birger forced Finland to belong to Sweden”.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[14] Possibly the same event is dealt with by the Eerikinchronicle, written in the 1320s, which describes the Uplantians' expedition against the Hazy people.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war expedition in question has been considered to have possibly been the Second Crusade to Finland made between 1249 and 1250.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

According to the Eerikinchronika, as a result of the crusade, construction of a castle was started in Häme.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedes also began colonization of the Finnish coast in stages around the time of the Crusades, starting in Åland and Southwest Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The colonization of the Finnish coast by Christian people was a key means of spreading the faith.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Of these emigrants, Finnish-Swedes emerged over time.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[15] The Bishop of Turku is first mentioned in connection with the bishops of Sweden on 11 February 1253 in connection with the exchange of land between the Earl of Birger and Gudheim Abbey.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[16] The Swedish Church spread to Finland practically only in the 14th century.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[17] Since about the 12th century, the Catholic Church had operated independently in Southwest Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The influence of Western and Eastern Christianity had spread to Finland even earlier in the prehistoric period, with indications such as tomb finds made in archaeological excavations.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Eerikinchronicle recounts the destruction of Sigtuna by the Karelians in 1187, the largest and most important city in Sweden at that time.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Karelians made a war expedition to Sweden also in 1257.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[18] In 1259 Pope Alexander IV approved the marriage of King Valdemar of Sweden and Sophia, granddaughter of King Christopher of Denmark, so that Sweden would be better and more effectively able to counter the constant attacks on the kingdom's villages and churches by pagans living nearby.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[19] In spite of this, even in 1275 the Christians of the Swedish Empire were tormented by the heathens of Karelia and Lapland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[20] The first chronicle of Novgorod states that Dmitry Alexandrovich conquered Karelia in 1278.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The pagan Karelians had been, up to that point, trading partners for Gotland, among others.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[21] Regardless of trade links, according to Eerikinkronika, the Uplantians made the so-called Third Crusade into Finland in 1293, conquering Karelia with 14 engagements.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[22] Birger Maununpoika's letter of authorisation of 4 March 1295 to Lübeck and other Baltic trading cities mentions as the motive for the conversion of Karelians the long long practice of banditry and looting by the Karelians and the taking captive of Swedes and other visitors to the Baltic Sea and torturing.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[23] The first historical reference of the Catholic Church to Swedish rule outside Finland dates back to about 1284.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this act of Maunu Ladonluko on the general peace of land, Pentti Birgerinpallo is referred to as the Duke of Finland, that is, present-day Southwest Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[24] However, he may have never visited Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Despite the expansion of Swedish power, the conflict between Hämäläs and Novgorod lasted for hundreds of years.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The First Chronicle of Novgorod states that Novgorod made a war expedition against the Hazorites still in 1292.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Conflicts between Finns and Swedes after the Crusades, the Swedish colonization in their wake also led to conflicts between Finns and Swedes.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Ostrobothian stories tell of the need to help the colonists, while other stories describe Sweden as mainly criminals and evildoers who came to the country to wage war against the Finns.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[25] In the 16th century, Mikael Agricola wrote that pagan Finns had harassed Swedish colonists, for which reason they had received help from their relatives in Sweden.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[25] The original Finnish settlement of Kimitoon Island completely disappeared from the site after the Swedes entered the area, which may contribute to the conflict between the groups.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[26] Conflicts between Finns and colonists also arose regarding the rights to use the territories.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In principle, the King of Sweden always gave fishing rights to the colonists in which case the Finns lost their rights to them.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[27] Several letters concerning these disputes are known.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For example, on 1 June 1303, Swedish colonists from Satakunta had quarreled with the Finns in the area as their holdings were located in the old casque lands of the Finns.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1347, in turn, an order was issued for the transfer of fishing rights in the Helsinki region from the Finns to the coastal Swedes.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[28] From 1348, a letter of protection from Bishop Hemming and the Head of the Castle of Turku is known, designed to protect the colonists of the Gulf of Bothnia coast against the Finns.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[26] Traces of conflict also remained until later times.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The mayor of Helsinki, Anders Larsson Ehredt, wrote to Peter Brahe in 1639 that Helsinki's name was not allowed to be changed at the time of the transfer of the city because the name was “a reminder of the victorious arms of our ancestors.”


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[29] After the Crusader period Around 1300, parts of the Swedish Empire and the Archdiocese of Uppsala, which were governed from the castles of Turku, Häme and Vyborg, had begun to enter the territory of present-day Western and Southern Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Castles built to consolidate the rule of the King of Sweden were centres of Crown administration in the Middle Ages and important tools for retaining power.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The administrative unit that surrounded the castle was referred to as the Castle Sounds.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Meanwhile, the Christian population was being phased from Sweden to the Finnish coast.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Käkisalmi region and Ladoga Karelia, meanwhile, maintained ties with Orthodox northwestern Russia and Novgorod.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The clash between Catholic and Orthodox cultural circles therefore took place off Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Peace of Nut Island, concluded in 1323, was the first peace treaty between Sweden and Novgorod.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It also defined the eastern border between the Swedish Empire and Finland, at least for Karelia.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Ownership of Northern Finland remained vague.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, within the 14th century, Sweden annexed a Finnish settlement on the northern Ostrobothnia coast.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedes still in the 14th century did not commonly refer to Finland or Finland as Finland, although these designations had been in use for a long time.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For example, the first chronicle of Novgor speaks of Finns (sum) and runestones speak of Vikings who died in Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The name Finland had meant, and for a long time, meant the present province of Southwest Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For this reason, the Swedes used the wider area of southern Finland from about 1350 to 1470 to the name Österland, or “Italia”.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Prior to this, the regions were spoken in plural eastern countries.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Finland, as part of the Kingdom of Sweden in the Middle Ages, Finland was part of the historical provinces of Finland, Southwest Finland and Satakunta belonged to the central region of the Swedish Empire and they retained their connections with Scandinavia that had already arisen in prehistoric times.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In southwestern Finland, Häme, the Karelian Isthmus and Southern Savo there were permanent settlements based on farming, which gradually became denser and spread over a wider area.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The spread and consolidation of settlements in central and northern Ostrobothnia was one of the most significant settlement-historical phenomena in medieval Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition, there were fresh Swedish-speaking settlements in Åland, the Turunmaa archipelago and the coastal regions of Ostrobothnia and Uusimaa.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Middle Ages, rural peasants were by far the largest population group in Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Much of the area of present-day Finland was still wilderness in the Middle Ages, where Satakunese, Hälite and Karelian wildernesses were camping, inhabited by a population called the Lappans, at least part of the Sámi speaking population.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Wilderness areas were not among the territories of any realm except in theory at most.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the early stages of Swedish rule, administrative documents were often written in Latin, emphasizing the role of clergy in secular governance as well.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The use of Swedish increased as a written administrative language as the 14th century wore on.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In urban local government, especially with regard to international relations, German was also widely used.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, it is impossible to provide precise estimates of the language ratios of the population of medieval cities.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sweden was an electoral kingdom in the Middle Ages and the royal election was conducted with Mora stones.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The territory of Finland also gained the right to send its representatives to the royal election of 1362, reflecting the status of Southwest Finland as part of the Swedish Empire.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The land law enacted during the 1319—1364 reign of King Maunu Eerikinpoja was of great importance to the development of administration and legal order.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As a difference to Central Europe, peasants were free, and no central European-like feudalism developed in the Swedish Empire.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Local government was based on keepers and parishes in rural areas.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Middle Ages, an urban institution also emerged in Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the bourgeoisie, or merchants and craftsmen, who lived in the cities, accounted for a small


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The most important medieval cities in Finland were Turku and Vyborg.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Other towns included Naantali, Rauma, Ulvila and Porvoo.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During the Middle Ages, Nordic and Finnish long-distance trade was largely held by German Hanseatic merchants, and because of this, a significant part of the bourgeoisie in Turku and Vyborg in particular was German.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the towns, local government was the responsibility of a mayor-led panel.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

By the 1280 Alsnö rule of King Maunu Birgerinpoika, adopted in the reign of King Maunu Birgerinpoika, a small secular rails, or nobility, emerged in Sweden and Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Spiritual rails, on the other hand, referred to the spiritual enactment exempt from taxes paid to the secular power (e.g. priests, nuns and beggar brothers).


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The parishes that operated within the Catholic Church on the territory of Finland belonged to the Diocese of Turku.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition to ecclesiastical authority, the Bishop of Turku, who was at the head of the diocese, also had plenty of secular power and was, for example, a member of the King's Council of Power.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

One of the most prominent medieval bishops of Turku was Maunu Tavast, who held office between 1412 and 1450.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Spiritual rails formed a literacy and literacy civilisation in medieval Finland.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Its members had often attended Turku Cathedral School and some had also studied at foreign universities.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Kalmar Union Time (1397—1523) Birth of the Union The Nordic Kalmar Union was founded under Queen Margaret of Denmark in 1397.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In practice, there were conflicts in the Union, as the Swedish surplus was interested in the east, in the direction of Russia, in the direction of Russia, while the Danish interests were more towards the south — per German territories.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Nor, within the various countries, the overreach was unanimous among themselves.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The struggle for power was by no means caused solely by modern concepts of “foreign policy” disagreements.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, at the beginning of the Union period, the country's status as part of the kingdom changed


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Over the course of four decades, the monarch's grip on Finland was firmer than in the past.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Queen Margaret was a background influence on the regime right up until her death in 1412.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Throughout, he delegated further responsibilities to his successor King Eerik XIII of Pomerania (as king 1396—1439), who had responsibility especially for Norwegian and Finnish affairs.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

He visited Finland two times, in 1403 and 1407.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

All the king's decisions concerning Finland were issued in his name.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[30] With the Union, the leading administrators of the country changed, as the king placed his own creditmen in charge of the castles.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Abraham Broderinpoika rose to be head of the castle in Turku, and the Danish Klaus Fleming was also appointed as Lamann.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Later, Klaus Lydekenpoika Djäkn and Krister Nilsson Vaasa rose to prominent positions.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Bishop Maunu Tavast was a supporter of unionism.


Question: Has Stockholm been bombed at the time of the wars?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Even during the Union period, Finland did not form a single administrative entity; the region was divided into two different administrative districts.