Question: What decade did Finland have the so-called great hunger years?

Finland in the 1960s

The liquor was still on the card, for good liquor cards were abandoned at the end of 1970.


Question: What decade did Finland have the so-called great hunger years?

Finland in the 1960s

[69] Even in the 1960s, women were often not allowed into restaurants without male company.


Question: What decade did Finland have the so-called great hunger years?

Finland in the 1960s

[62] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Miettunen, Katja-Maria| title = Past and History Picture.


Question: What decade did Finland have the so-called great hunger years?

Finland in the 1960s

Finnish Sixties in the period built by reminiscents| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2009| version = Dissertation: University of Tampere| id = ISBN 978-952-222-155-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peltonen, Matti & Kurkela, Vesa & Heinonen, Visa (eds.


Question: What decade did Finland have the so-called great hunger years?

Finland in the 1960s

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Question: What decade did Finland have the so-called great hunger years?

Finland in the 1960s

Second image of Finnish 60s | location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish literature| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-746-479-7}}


Question: What decade did Finland have the so-called great hunger years?

Finland in the 1960s

Yle's living archive.


Question: What decade did Finland have the so-called great hunger years?

Finland in the 1960s

Category:1960s Category:History of independent Finland


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (commonly Caligula) (31 August 12 — 24 January 41) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 18 March [1] 37 to 24 January 41.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Along with Nero, Caligula is the most notorious of the Roman emperors and is remembered as a mad despot.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Almost all ancient sources dealing with Caligula are hostile to him and focus on trivia and anecdotes about the Emperor's life.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Although Caligula's reign lasted only four years, it nevertheless had an impact on Roman history.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Among other things, Caligula planned the conquest of Britain, which his successor Claudius put into practice.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula was also the first emperor to be granted all emperor privileges by the Senate immediately upon his ascension to emperor.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

This practice was also continued during Caligula's successors.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[2] Life Early stages Caligula was born in Antium (present-day Anzio) on August 31 in the year 12.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

His father was the popular warlord Germanicus, who was the nephew and adopted son of the future emperor Tiberius.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula's mother was Vipsania Agrippina, whose father was of low descent, but with his talents and merits the advanced Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, a good friend and closest assistant of Emperor Augustus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The Caligula family followed Germanicus after his work.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In military camps, Caligula was a kind of mascot for soldiers, dressed in military attire down to small military shoes.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He got his calledname from these military shoes (caligae): caligula means “little military boot”.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

By the time Caligula was born, Augustus, the first Roman emperor, had ruled the kingdom for over 40 years.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula was directly descended from Augustus; his grandmother was Augustus' daughter Julia.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[3] Caligula's father died in murky circumstances in Syria in 19 when Caligula was seven years old.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Widowed, Agrippina moved with her children to Rome.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He fell into the disfavour of Emperor Tiberius, and was exiled to the island of Pandatarian, where he died of starvation.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula's brothers Nero and Drusus also fell into the emperor's disfavour and died.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula is cared for by her grandmother, Antonia, as well as Livia.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Tiberius' successor In 27, Caligula was invited to live with Emperor Tiberius on the island of Capri.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula had reached the age of 19 at the time and was given the toga virilis used by adults.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Tiberius asked the Senate that no early tributes be given to Caligula.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Tiberius appointed Caligula as Auguri and, upon appointment, praised his good character and sense of responsibility.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

This was taken as a sign that Tiberius wanted Caligula to succeed him.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

This knowledge was received with glee in Rome, where the memory of Germanicus lived still strong.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Thanks to Tiberius, Caligula also received an excellent education.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In 31, Tiberius deposed the pretorian prefect Sejanus and appointed Naevius Sutorius Macron in his place, who became one of the most important Caligula supporters.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[4] In 33, Tiberius nominated Caligula as a candidate for the post of Quaestor.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He also promised to propose Caligula in future to post five years earlier when he might have been seeking his age.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula's mother Agrippina and her brother Drusus died the same year; Agrippina of hunger suicide and Drusus on Tiberius' orders.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In the same year, Caligula married for the first time.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The father of Caligula's wife Junia Claudilla was consul of year 15 and Tiberius' favourite Marcus Junius Silanus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Two of Caligula's sisters also became engaged in the same year; Julia Livilla with Marcus Vinicius and Julia Drusilla with Lucius Cassius Longinus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The third sister Agrippina had even earlier married Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[5] Caligula and Junia travelled with Tiberius to Capri.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Junia soon became pregnant, but died in childbirth.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

According to Tacitus, Macro persuaded his wife Ennia Thrasylla to start an affair with Caligula.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

According to Suetonius, Caligula even promised to marry Ennia if he became emperor.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

At Capri, Caligula became acquainted with Julius Agrippa, better known as Herod Agrippa, who became one of Caligula's best and most trusted friends.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Agrippa was the grandson of Herod, King of Judea.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[6] Tiberius basically had two options as his successor: Caligula or Gemellus, son of his son Drusus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

According to Suetonius, Tiberius would have wanted Gemellus as his successor.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Tacitus, on the other hand, tells us that in Tiberius's opinion, Caligula had all the bad qualities of the cruel dictator Sulla, but none of his good qualities.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

On the other hand, Tiberius did not clearly state which one he wanted as his successor.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Even if Tiberius had wanted Gemellus to succeed him, it was not a realistic option due to his youth.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In addition, Caligula was very popular among the people and the military.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Probably Tiberius feared the fate of his grandson after his own death.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[7] At the beginning of March in 37 Tiberius fell ill while in Campania.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

As Tiberius's condition worsened day by day, his doctor told Macro the emperor would die soon.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Macro immediately began preparations for Caligula's rise to power.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Tiberius died on 16 March.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Tiberius had believed that he would live another ten years, because this is what an astrologer had predicted to him.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[8] Suetonius tells us that many stories circulated about Tiberius' death that Caligula either poisoned him, starved him or strangled him to death.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

According to Dion, Caligula killed Tiberius with Macro's assistance.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

According to Tacitus, Tiberius appeared to have already died, but began to show signs of life before Macro killed him.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

According to Seneca, Tiberius' death was entirely natural.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[9] Rise to power Two days after Tiberius' death, the Senate convened and declared Caligula emperor.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula hurried to Rome, where he attended the Senate session on 28 March.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The Senate session was attended not only by senators, but also representatives of the knighthood and the people.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Tiberius' will was opened and read to the Senate.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In his will, Tiberius appointed Caligula and Gemellus as his heirs.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

This was standard practice in wills, but the economy of the emperor, or domus Caesaris, was not customary and splitting it into two parts would have caused major problems.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

On the other hand, Gemellus was still a child and he could not hold public offices.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Eventually, the Senate decided to nullify Tiberius' will and declared Caligula as Tiberius' sole heir.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[8] The Senate gave Caligula privileges, which certainly included at least the tribunicia potestas and the proconsul's imperium, or authority of command.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The same privileges that Augustus had received one by one over several years were given to Caligula, now 25 years old, on a one-time basis.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula also received the title Augustus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula was also appointed pontifex maximus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The Senate would also have given him the title pater patriae, but Caligula refused this, at least initially.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[10] An important role behind Caligula's rise to power was played by the pretorian prefect Naevius Sutorius Macrolla, who negotiated with the Senate even before Tiberius' death.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula is reported to have asked the Senate to give Tiberius the same honours as had been given to Augustus earlier.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

These included, among other things, proclamation to be a god, but this was unacceptable to the Senate.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[11] The officials of the kingdom soon swore their loyalty to Caligula and his domus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In his funeral oration for Tiberius, Caligula stressed that he was the son of Germanicus and proclaimed the return of the style of Augustus's administration.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula promised to adopt Gemellus and made this into princeps iuventutis.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

These actions weighed on the fact that Gemellus was too young to be a threat to Caligula.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The first task for the new emperor was to gain the endorsement of all Roman social classes.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Tiberius' will had promised the soldiers of the Praetorian Guard 500 sestertius, but Caligula increased this to 1,000.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In a sense, the money paid for the loyalty of the Guard, instead of being the former emperor's salary for the loyal service of soldiers.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula also distributed 75 sestertius to all citizens who lived in the city of Rome.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Unlike Tiberius, Caligula spared no money in arranging circus shuttles for the people.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He also embarked on a major building program.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[12] A good start Caligula's reign has sometimes been attempted to divide into a “good” early period, followed by a reign of terror.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Attempts have been made to date the date of these periods to Antonia's death, Caligula's illness in fall 37, or the death of her sister Drusilla in the summer of 38.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

According to ancient sources, Drusilla was so dear to Caligula that they were accused of incest.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Drusilla is presumed to have had a moderating influence on her brother.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Drusilla was married to a certain Lucius Cassius Longinus, but Caligula gave her as wife to Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, whom Caligula trusted perfectly.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

During his illness Caligula gave Lepidus his signet ring as a sign that if he were to die, Lepidus' husband of Drusilla should take care of Caligula's inheritance.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

After Drusilla's death, Caligula allowed to declare him a god.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula also probably wanted him to be worshipped as a god in the style of Hellenistic kings.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[13] The illness Caligula became seriously ill in the fall of the year 37.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The exact time of the illness is not known.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula's illness was mourned throughout the kingdom.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

A member of the knighthood, Atanius Secundus, promised to fight as a gladiator if Caligula was healed.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

A certain Publius Afranius Potitus, on the other hand, promised to give his own life, as long as only Caligula could survive.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

It is unclear whether the men really had to carry out their promises once Caligula was cured.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

There is also no information about the exact cause of the disease.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

According to contemporary researchers' estimates, Caligula may have contracted encephalitis, hyperthyroidism or some virus.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

It is also difficult to assess whether the illness had an impact on Caligula's mental health.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[14] Caligulan improved at the end of year 37.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Shortly after this, Gemellus and Caligula's father-in-law Silanus were forced to commit suicide.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Gemellus was accused of having intended to exploit Caligula's illness and seize power for himself.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The exact reason why Silanus was forced to commit suicide is not known.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Silanus had been already in the time of Tiberius one of the most powerful men in the kingdom and perhaps Caligula feared he would seize power for himself or be involved in a conspiracy to elevate Gemellus to the throne.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[15] Caligula remarried in 37.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The wife's name was either Livia Orestilla (according to Suetonius) or Cornelia Oresti (according to Dion).


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

She was already engaged to a certain Gaius Calpurnius Piso, who belonged to a prominent and formidable lineage.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula joked that he had taken his new wife in the same way as Augustus and Romulus, who had adopted a woman who was already married.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula soon grew tired of his new wife and in a couple of years he expelled Orestilla when she returned to Piso.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[16] At the beginning of 38, Macro and his wife Ennia were also forced to commit suicide.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Macro had been one of Caligula's main supporters and it is unclear why Caligula wanted to get rid of it.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Maybe Macro had participated in Silanus and Gemellus's secret plot, or Caligula was just tired of an older man trying to control him.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[17] It is likely that Caligula appointed two different persons as prefects of the Praetorian Guard.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

At least there were two prefects at the end of Caligula's reign.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In 38, Herod Agrippa travelled from Rome to Judea.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[18] In his rise to power, Caligula had neither administrative nor military experience.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Gradually, he became drunk from power — even so badly that he set about demanding treatment for himself the same as the gods.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He turned flabbergasted, belittled others and stressed his right to do anything to anyone.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula set up a temple in Rome where he was to be sacrificed, and the Temple in Jerusalem he wanted to completely transform into his own place of worship.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He beat the heads off all the famous god pictures he could get his hands on, and replaced them with his own facial features.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He conversed naturally with other gods.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

At the Capitolium, for example, he often held one-on-one and mysterious negotiations with Juppiter, and finally threatened that Juppiter's domination would soon be at an end.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula had the need to ensure his admission as a god even before his death, but he could only be declared a god by the Senate.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

It was not amenable, however, primarily because Caligula was still alive.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In Rome, only the dead were declared to be gods.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula therefore began to emphasize his divinity by wearing bracelets, silky women's costumes, military shoes and cloaks decorated with precious stones.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Sometimes he also wore the chest armour of Alexander the Great, which had been raised from his tomb.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

As the Senate was still unwilling to grant Caligula divinity, he reduced the power of the Senate and humiliated the senators by forcing them to run long distances beside the emperor's chariots or ordering them to waiter duties.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Although the Senate disliked Caligula, he still enjoyed great popular popularity.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula organized many amusements for the nation: gladiatorial fights and theatrical performances.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He also built new public buildings.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He set up amusements for himself as well.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula's perhaps most famous whim was to build a pontoon bridge over the Bay of Baiae nearly five and a half miles long from merchant ships.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[19] In the time of Tiberius, the Emperor's court astrologer had prophesied that Caligula could as little become emperor as ride across the Gulf of Naples.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

After the bridge was completed, Caligula rode proudly wearing the chest armour of Alexander the Great across the bridge.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Coming back, he stopped in the middle of the bridge and set about extolling his feats.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

After this, he held a huge party in honor of himself.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

When people started getting drunk enough, Caligula told me to throw them all into the sea.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula was famous for his ability to come up with new ways to waste money — he ate gilded bread, bathed in oil, built 70-foot-long ships covered in jewels and had entire fruit gardens on their deck.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He thus wasted the three billion sesterius collected by Tiberius long before there had been a year as emperor.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Strapped for cash, he began to raise money through various auctions, legacies and litigation.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He also raised taxes and put a tax on prostitution, food imported to Rome, and transportation commissions.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

As a warlord, Caligula fared very poorly despite having grown up in a military camp.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Ignoring this, he wanted to go to war and thereafter spend the finest triumph of his time.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula assembled a troop and set out.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

However, he himself did not ride, but was carried in a carrying chair.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The people of Gaul had to sweep the road and water it with water lest dust fly from it.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

When Caligula and his army reached the Germanian border, they encountered no one they would have fought with.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In this case, he dressed the Germans in his bodyguard as enemies and took them as prisoners.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He also commanded his army to the battlefront to the English Channel coast and ordered his troops to run into the water to collect seashells.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

After that, he built a lighthouse to commemorate this “victory”.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

After this farce, we set off back to Rome to plan the triumph.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

It was, admittedly, never allowed to keep, for on 24 January in 41 Caligula died at the age of 28 from dagger blows by the conspirators.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

While Caligula was alone in a corridor, he was attacked by Cassius Chaerea, who had previously been in Germanicus' army and had personal reasons for hating Caligula.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In the process, Caligula's wife Caesonia and their daughter Julia Drusilla, whose head was smashed into a wall, were also killed.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The murderers included three soldiers of the Praetorian Guard, but the commissioners were probably a few members of the Senate.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Caligula had time to be in power for three years and ten months.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Aftermath Caligula is said to have been an insane and brutal despot.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Numerous stories are told about him, including that he named his horse Incitatus Senator, he was rumoured to have had an incestuous relationship with his sister Drusilla and two other sisters, and that he organised orgies in his palace.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The veracity of the stories is hard to ascertain.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Much consideration has been given to the reasons for Caligula's behaviour.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The two most common explanations are that he was either insane or has been misrepresented by historians.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

For example, appointing a horse as a senator may have been a way of showing contempt for the Senate, and pro-Senate historiography traditionally did not look well upon those who ridiculed the Senate position.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The family Caligula was married four times.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

He, along with his fourth wife, Milonia Caesonia, had a daughter, Julia Drusilla.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[20] Junia Claudilla Livia Orestilla (Cornelia Orestilla) Lollia Paulina Milonia Caesonia Ancient sources The main sources on Caligula's life are the biography of Caligula written by Suetonius and the Book of Roman History by Dion Kassios 59, which deals with the reign of Caligula .


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Suetonius's biography is problematic because he does not recount events in chronological order and because Suetonius is not very interested in political events to the extent that they are not related to Caligula's person.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In his biographies, Suetonius uncritically repeats even the worst gossip and most colourful anecdotes.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Dion, who lived in the 200th century, dealt with Roman history from the time of kingship until Severus Alexander.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Dion's work catalogues events but contains no deeper analysis of any kind and, like Suetonius's work, it also contains implausible events.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The end of the 59th book of Dion's work and the beginning of the 60th book are lost.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In these books, Dion dealt with the events of the year 40 and of these only abbreviations of John Xifilinos (10th century) and Johannes Zonaras (11th century) have survived to the present day.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[21] An important contemporaneous source on Caligula's life is Seneca, who was an eyewitness and who knew Caligula personally.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Seneca was more of a philosopher than a historian, but he often uses current events as examples in his works.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Seneca, however, was a well-known flatterer, praising the surviving emperors but berating their dead predecessors.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Seneca had reason to hate Caligula for personal and political reasons alike, as Caligula drove him into exile, berating his writing style, among other things.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[22] Another source of contemporaries was Philo's Alexandrian, who led a Jewish delegation to Rome in 39/40.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Filon wrote two works preserved to the present day, dealing with the Caligula era.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In Flaccum and commonly referred to as Legation, the work deals primarily with events important to Jews, but they also sometimes deal with events in Rome.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Filon always tries to present the Jews in the best possible light and he does not hide the hatred he feels against Caligula.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[23] Caligula's reign is also addressed by Josephus Book of the Jewish Ancients 19.1—211.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

The part of Tacitus's work on Caligula has been lost, but he refers to Caligula several times in his works.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

All sources that survive to the present day are hostile to Caligula.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

In addition to literary sources, there are also numismatic and epigraphic sources from Caligula's reign.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

[24] Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Henrikson, Alf| title = Ancient stories| others = Translated by Maija Westerlund| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| version = (Antikens historier, 1959) | id = ISBN 951-0-18515-9}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kivimäki, Arto & Tuomisto, Pekka| title = Roman Emperors| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = Karisto| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-23-4546-3}} Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alan K. Bowman et al.| The title = Cambridge Ancient History Volume X, The Augustan Empire, 43 BC—AD 69| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2005| id = ISBN 0-521-30199-8}} Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

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Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Anthony A. Barrett| title= Caligula: The Corruption of Power| publisher = Yale University Press| year = 1990| id=ISBN 978030007429-1| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula


Question: Who ruled after Caligula?

Caligula

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) References Caligula Caligula Category:Roman emperors Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

Fresh water refers to water that has no salt dissolved in it and is generally drinkable.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

The term is used to distinguish lake, river, rain and groundwater, and glacier-bound water from seawater, which is clearly the largest proportion of Earth's water, about 97per cent.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

Physical properties When the temperature of water fluctuates, its specific gravity also varies.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

Fresh water is heaviest at +4 degrees.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

For example, fish and other organisms benefit in winter from this so that the waters do not freeze to the bottom.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

Ecological and social significance Fresh water is a very scarce resource in many places.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

The United Nations estimates that freshwater consumption increased sixfold over the course of the 20th century, more than twice the increase in population over that period.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

Approximately 18% of the world's population, or 1.2 billion people, do not have access to clean drinking water.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

[1] Furthermore, it has been speculated that with climate change, dry regions and periods of drought will increase.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

At worst, this might lead to conflict.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

Already so far, the controversy over fresh water reserves has seriously aggravated the Arab-Israeli conflict, for example.


Question: Why is lake water sweet?

Fresh water

See also Tap water Sources Category:Water


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Child labour and child labour refers to work performed by underage children which is physically, psychologically, morally or socially harmful, or interferes with or impedes their schooling (International Labour Organisation ILO definition).


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[1] Children are used as labour in the most diverse workplaces, both in factories, on crops and in homes.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Not all child work is child labour.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Whether any work is harmful must be proportionate to the child's age, working hours and working conditions.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[1] Intermittent work of a few hours that allows for full-fledged schooling and does not jeopardize child development, such as summer work, is different from work from morning to night in adverse conditions.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

The use of child labour is common in developing countries, but the phenomenon is also familiar in industrialized countries.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Especially in the early days of industrialisation in the 19th century, many European countries also had plenty of children in factory work, sometimes in mines.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Today, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child prohibits the exploitation of child labor.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

At worst, working is slave labor.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

The use of child labour also involves child trafficking.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Prevalence According to ILO estimates, there were 168 million child workers aged 5 to 17 worldwide in 2012.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[2] Of these, about 140 million do full-time work.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

According to a 2009 report by the U.S. Department of Labor, child labor is used in 58 states.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[1] The 2012 Child Labor Index assessed the prevalence and severity of occurring child labor cases in 197 states.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

States with the worst child labor problem were authoritarian and conflict-ravaged.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Worst on the index fared 1.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Myanmar, 2.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

North Korea, 3.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Somalia, 4.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Sudan, 5.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Congo dkr.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

equality, 6.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Zimbabwe, 7.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Afghanistan, 8.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Burundi, 9.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Pakistan and 10.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Ethiopia.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[3] Legislation and Commitments International agreements The ILO agreement prohibits employment to all persons under 13 years of age.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

13- to 15-year-olds are allowed to do light work that does not hinder their schooling or other development and is short-term.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

A 15—18 year old must not perform work classified as dangerous.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Finnish legislation in Finland is a 1993 law on young workers.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Under it, a person who has not reached the age of 15 or has not yet completed their compulsory education must not be taken into the job.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

However, in the year when a person reaches the age of 14, they may be admitted for no more than half of the school holiday period or temporarily during the school year for light work which does not harm his health or development and does not hinder his schooling.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

In addition, there are special provisions on working hours and safety at work for workers under the age of 18.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[4] Other commitments The OECD issued policy guidelines to multinationals stating that companies should “participate in effectively eradicating the use of child labour and immediately take effective action to ensure the prohibition of the worst forms of child labour and elimination urgently.” The guidance is a recommendation, but the 42 states that created it are committed to promoting it.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[5] Forms of child labour Most child labour is used in agriculture, factory production and quarry and mining.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Child labour is most commonly used to produce bricks, clothing, carpets and shoes.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

The most common agricultural products produced by child labour are cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, coffee, rice and cocoa.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[6] The porn industry is abusing children in Russia, Ukraine, the Philippines and Thailand.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[6] Sweatshops Many branded products are produced in so-called sweatshops where workers may include children.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

According to Report, an Italian investigative journalism television programme, exploitation of illegal and unorganized labour is widespread in the consumer goods sector.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

To maximise profits, the manufacture of the product has been shifted to a chain of subcontractors whose last link is cheap, illegal child labour.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[7] Waste treatment Western countries export their electronic waste, such as computers, monitors and analog television receivers, to developing countries where they are sorted by children.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Environmental organisation Greenpeace is calling for electronics manufacturers to remove toxic material from their products, as young children sorting waste in recipient countries can get poisonings.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[8] Reasons for the use of child labour The reasons for the use of child labour are many and are closely related.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

The use of children as a labour force is influenced by poverty, population growth, women's status, schooling opportunities and economic development.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Many families in developing countries have no options other than to put the child to work, allowing the child to bring money home.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

From an employer's point of view, child labor is attractive.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Even though children are prohibited by law in most countries, they are still desirable workers.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Kids are cheap and adaptable.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

There is usually no employment contract whatsoever with children, so they can be fired at any time.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

In addition, when enforcement of labor protection laws is incomplete in several countries and penalties for violations non-existent, it is no wonder that child labour is used.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Children's physical or other special characteristics, such as small size or dexterity of fingers, also contribute to them being hired for certain tasks.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Problems with child labor Working causes physical and mental harm to children.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

An immature body can not withstand as much strain as that of adults, so the child is more easily exposed to serious damage.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Intellectual disabilities are also common.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Work that looks light can be very heavy.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

In agriculture, children sometimes work from morning to dusk in the burning sun or pouring rain.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

In addition, workers suffer health harms brought by pesticides, among other things.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Work that prevents a child from going to school is a detriment to his entire future.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Not only will he lose his own childhood, it is likely that, without education, he will not get a decent job as an adult either.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

The use of child labour is detrimental to individual countries in the long run as well.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Many child workers become unfit and unskilled adult workers, which is not conducive to the country's economic competitiveness.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Education is the main means of reducing and preventing children's work.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

In addition, school and school supplies should be free.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Problems of child labour restrictions Starvation and street occupations If employment opportunities in sweatshops are limited, starvation may result.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

When the Child Labour Deterrence Act was introduced in the United States, an estimated 50,000 children were fired from their jobs in the clothing industry, and many of them had to resort to jobs such as “stone crushing, street occupations and prostitution”.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

A UNICEF study by the State of the World's Children in 1997 found these alternative jobs “more dangerous and depriving than those of the clothing industry”.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[9] The rise of child prostitution in the 1990s has documented cases of inadvertently increasing child prostitution by activists opposed to sweatshops in poor countries: [10] Many German company sweatshops were closed in Bangladesh, resulting in thousands of Bangladeshi children lost their jobs and drifted into prostitutes, crime or hunger deaths.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

In Pakistan, sweatshops at Nike, Reebok and other companies were shut down, and these Pakistani children drifted into prostitution.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

In Nepal, a carpet factory closed many sweatshops, leaving thousands of Nepalese girls drifted into prostitution.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Child labor is the smallest evil?


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Before the Industrial Revolution, almost all children worked in agriculture.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Then a lot of people went from these jobs to factory jobs.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Thanks to the gradually resulting increase in pay rates, parents could later afford to send their children to school instead of work.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

This reduced child labor both before and after the enactment of anti-child labor laws.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[11] According to economist Murray Rothbard, both before and after the Industrial Revolution, British and American children, for whom there were no factory jobs available, were in much worse conditions than those for whom there were.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[12] According to Lawrence Reed, the worst working conditions at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution were those “apprentices” who were forced into work and even sold like slaves by state-owned poorhouses, making their status different from that of those in wage employment in the developing world today children's.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Although the status of children in paid employment at the time was far from ideal, descriptions of the worst conditions such as the influential “Sadler's Report” are considerably exaggerated, something even the socialist Friedrich Engels acknowledged in his book.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[13] Opposition to child labour Indian Kailash Satyarthi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 after active work to eradicate the use of child labour all the way back to the 1990s.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

The Bachpan Bachao Andolan organization he founded has freed more than 80,000 children from various, often even comparable conditions to slavery.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

The BBA organization also helps child laborers get back to school and normal life.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

Satyarthi says the Nobel Prize means that the organisation's work has finally been noticed.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

According to him, millions of children are still suffering, even though we live in a modern age.


Question: Is child labor allowed in China?

Child labor

[14] [15] See also Street children Child trafficking Young worker Slavery On the use of child labor in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution Child labor in Russia and the Soviet Union in the 18th—20th century Sources * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Salatut livings (colloquially often Salkkarit) is a Finnish drama and soap series produced by FremantleMedia Finland Ltd and aired by the MTV3 channel.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Filming for the series began on Monday, November 16, 1998 [1] and its first part was seen on MTV3 on Monday, January 25, 1999.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[2] Originally, the series was planned to run 540 episodes until early 2002 [3], but the contract has been extended several times since then.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

In June 2017, the information was made public that Concealed Lives will continue until at least the end of spring 2023.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[4] Still life Most of the events in the series are set in the fictional Pihlaikadu, located in Ullanlinna, Helsinki.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Characteristic of encrypted lives are landscape images of Helsinki in between scenes and a cliffhanger turning blue at the end (yellow in the 2001—2003 seasons), which is often left in an exciting situation.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Starting of the series at the beginning of the series, caretaker Seppo Taalasmaa (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Jarmo Koski) and his wife Ullan (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

At the request of Maija-Liisa Peuhu), the police have come to investigate why Tyyne Puustinen does not open the door.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

He is found dead in his apartment and police begin to determine the cause of death.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Aki Nikkinen (ed.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Sami Uotila) and Markus Ekholm (ed.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Andrei Sandberg) have been looking for a long time for a suitable commercial space for their cafe and finally find a suitable one.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Katja Vainio (ed.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Anu Koskinen) promises to be an interior designer.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Katja's sister and roommate Jenni (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Anu Palevaara) has brought home a gentleman Toni Veijalainen (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Kristo Salminen).


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Jenni receives a letter informing her that she has been suspended from school for continued absences.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

At the same time, the subsidies also run out, so Jenni asks Toni to be their sublet.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Jukka Sal (ed.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Jouko Keskinen) and his new wife Hanna (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Tarja Omenainen) returning home from the Canary Islands.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

At home, they are received by Aleksi, just out of the army (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Tuomas Kytömäki), the middle child of the family Saku (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Jasper Pyökkönen), as well as the family kuopus Silja (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Jonna Keskinen).


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Hanna and Jukka reveal to the children that they married during the trip.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Saku and Aleksi are happy about Hanna's move in with them, but Silja doesn't take the news well, and it's not helped by Silja finding out Aleks knew about her marriage intentions.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[5] Next door to the Salinis lives Ismo Laitela (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Esko Kovero), widowed by two teenage children, Miia (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Venla Saartamo) and Kallen (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Pete Lattu), a single parent.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Ismo works as a merchant at a kiosk-like shop called Ismo's Choice.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Jurist Laura Kiviranta (ed.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Piitu Uski) to live alone as a sworn single.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Role Characters The actors who appeared in the series have been announced in connection with the details of each cast character.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Almost 20 actors had been hired for the series at the start of the Concealed Lives, of which now there are only five remaining.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Of them, only Esko Kovero, who plays Ismo Laitaula, has been in the series without leaving once.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Kalle Laitela, played by Pete Latu, returned to the series in the final episode of spring 2012, after being off the series for ten years.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Ulla Taalasmaa, played by Maija-Liisa Peuhun, who holds the longest-running female lead role in the series, returned to the series for a repeat in autumn 2013.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[6] Aki Nikkinen, played by Sami Uotila, returned to the series after a 12-year hiatus in autumn 2014.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[7] In addition, in the first season, the character Kari Taalasmaa (es.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Tommi Taurula) returned to the series in spring 2015.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[8] Anu Palevaara, a long-time participant in the series, left the series in March 2013 when Jenni Vainio, played by her, was shot and died from a gunshot wound.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[9] Jarmo Koski, who played the role of Seppo Taalasmaa for a long time, also left the series in the episode aired in October 2013, [10] but he visited the series in autumn 2017.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[11] [12] Venues In addition to Pihlaikadu, there have been other venues such as restaurants and bars in the series.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Themes of the series Concealed Lives has garnered a lot of attention for openly dealing with many difficult problems such as kidnapping, death, staging death, disease, drugs, alcoholism, sexual relations within a new family, rape, slashing, domestic violence, stealing, racism, incest, teen pregnancies, abortion, infertility, gambling addiction, cancer, epilepsy, mental retardation, psychopathy, eating disorders, narcissistic personality disorder, school bullying, HIV, psychoticism, and suicide.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Similar to soap series, Cryptic Lives has also dealt with betrayal and triangle dramas.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Production Creation After the Miracle Workers series aired on the MTV3 channel between 1996 and 1998, the channel wanted a new series broadcast every weekday.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[13] The concept of the series was developed from the very beginning of Crypted Lives by Sarita Harma, who worked as its executive producer and MTV's drama manager.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[13] The series is one of MTV3's most expensive projects alongside sports programs.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[14] The series has often been claimed to be based on the program format of the Australian soap series Neighbours, but according to the producer of the series this information is incorrect.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

[15] At the start of the series in January 1999, MTV3 promoted the program with the phrase “How well do you know your neighbor?


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

What does your neighbor know about you?


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Crypted Lives

Everyone has some secret.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Dream.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Fear.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Love.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Romance.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Tragedy.” [16] Description Interior scenes of encrypted lives are filmed in a studio built in Konala, Helsinki.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[17] Until the end of 2014, the outdoor scenes were mainly filmed at Ullanlinna Huvilakadu, who plays Pihlaikatua in the series.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

In early 2015, FremantleMedia terminated a lease agreement with the Housing Company of Villa Street and outdoor filming of the series has moved mainly closer to Konala's studio, including Munkkiniemi.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[18] [19] The reason for this change was, inter alia, increased traffic volumes in Helsinki.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

The production also is able to do the scenes better when most of the time is not going to the set for driving.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

However, in 2018 the film crew has returned to shoot a few scenes in Ullanlinna.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

These scenes are seen, for example, in the episode aired in 2018, in which Onni “The Tale” Taalasmaa leaves the series, as well as in the series' 20th anniversary episode, which will be aired in January 2019.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Outdoor shoots have also been done elsewhere in Helsinki, including in Karkkila, Kirkkonummi, Tampere, Turku, Nurmes, Lapland, Canary Islands, Tallinn, Spain, Lapland and Las Vegas.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[3] In autumn 2009, the film crew visited Vilnius.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

In autumn 2012, the series went on filming in London.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[20] One set of five episodes is filmed for seven days.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Episodes are filmed for an average of four months before they are aired.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[21] Monday is practice day.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Between 1998 and 2009, studio scenes in the series were shot using multi-camera technology with three cameras.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

With the refurbishment of camera technology in the fall of 2009, studio scenes were switched to being shot mainly with a single camera.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[22] The scenes outside the studio are shot from the start with a single camera.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

In the fall of 2009, the series began to be shot with new cameras, changing the old 4:3 aspect ratio (interlaced) to the new 16:9 aspect ratio (progressive).


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

In addition, the new cameras will shoot all the footage in HD, that is, high definition.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

The first 16:9 format episode aired on January 25, 2010.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[23] Production of the series employed approximately 110 people full-time in 2014.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[24] Nearly 6000 contributors have visited the series.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[25] Music and Emblem The composition of Sarja's music was responsible between 1999 and 2014 by composer Vesa Mäkinen.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

As of episodes aired from November 2014, the series switched to using catalogue music from Swedish band Epidemic Sound.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[26] [27] Vesa Mäkinen's composition recordings were included once more individually in December 2014 and spring 2015.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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As of the January 2017 episodes, the music was expanded to be used by Universal Publishing Production Music as well.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The same type of catalogue music is also used in other programs on domestic TV channels.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The theme music of the series has been “Jag vill”, composed by Åsa Schmalenbach and written by Jörgen Ringqvist, and translated by Jiri Nikkinen for Anna Hanski for her album “I will you” released in 1999 under the name “Feelings”.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[28] [29] The initial emblem has been completely instrumental since the beginning of the series.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The original theme music was in use from 1999 to 2001.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the fall of 2001, the emblem was changed to a new version.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the fall of 2004, the emblem previously played on guitar was switched to an electronic version.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the autumn of 2007, the theme music was again slightly reworked, although it remained mostly the same.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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To mark the series' 15th anniversary in spring 2014, the series' original theme music returned as the series' theme song, replacing the music that had already been on the emblem for nearly 10 years.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[30] In the spring of 2019, a completely new version of the theme music was introduced to celebrate the series' 20-year anniversary.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The original emblem, sung by Anna Hansk, was in use between 1999 and 2001.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Two different versions of the music were used; in the second version, the ending music started with the first (I'm one of the others...) and in the second version the second (I'm standing on the bridge...) stanza.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The background of the ending tag was brown and before the end credits the episode ended with a blue cliffhanger.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[31] From autumn 2001 to the spring of 2004, the emblem was presented by Jore Marjaranta.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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From fall 2001 to the end of spring 2003, the background and cliffhanger of the final emblem were both yellow.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[32] In the fall of 2003, both the cliffhanger and the background color of the emblem were both changed to blue.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the fall of 2004, the end tag was changed, like the initial emblem, to an electronic music version.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[33] In the autumn of 2005, the ending tag was slightly shortened, and one or more snippets of the next episode have been shown in the closing credits since then.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The visuals for the end emblem remained virtually unchanged from fall 2003 until January 2009, when the wall of the stair aisle shown in the series replaced the old blue theme and a peek into the next episode was no longer in the box, but on the inside of the keychain.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the fall of 2009, the music was shortened by a few more seconds.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

For the first time since autumn 2004, the ending theme music was reworked in the spring of 2011 when the whispered “to emotion” sung in the previous emblem and “yeah and so” were replaced by the sound of the trumpet.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Yet the ending theme music remained the same length as it had previously been abbreviated.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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To mark the series' 15th anniversary in January 2014, the ending emblem was changed along the lines of the initial emblem.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The ending emblem features new red-coloured graphics and the ending theme music is an excerpt of the original original theme music of the series approximately 17 seconds.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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A snippet of the following episode was shown from January to May in a quadrangle forming in the upper right corner.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In May 2014, the ending tag changed to have the end credits in the middle of the screen and a five-second snippet of the next episode being displayed after the end credits in a box with the reading “In the Next Episode” underneath.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In April 2015, the colour tones of the credits changed slightly.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Two years later in April 2017, the music was extended, showing the social media user accounts of the series after the end credits.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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For the next time after 2011, a completely new version of the final emblem was introduced in spring 2019.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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As a graphic theme, the new end emblem features a stairboard background with white text.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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After the transition, a snippet from the next episode is shown in a familiar way.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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This leaves a diagonally cut part of this stairboard-themed background on the right side, including “In the next section...”.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Season Closing and Special Episodes There has always been something more exciting than the usual episode in season ending episodes.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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On the 18th anniversary of the series, a short compilation of all the closing episodes seen up to the release date was released on Crypted Lives's own YouTube channel.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[34] Crypted Lives have also been made into special episodes that have been visited behind the scenes, had their own story (detached from the series' own plot), or had an episode focusing on a particular character or event.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Also occasionally, there are exceptions in the end ID of conventional episodes; for example, a snippet of the next episode is not shown or the music deviates from the norm.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Showtime and reruns of Encrypted Lives have aired on the MTV3 channel in prime time airtime, which is 7:30 p.m. to 8 p.m. since its inception.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The start period of the 2001—02 season Laura faces the threat to her motherhood began exceptionally as early as 7:15 p.m., and was an hour-long duration.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[35] Autumn 2003 aired the first and second episodes of the 2003—04 season, meaning Elina is afraid of herself and Aleksi does a man act on the same day straight.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The series airs Monday through Friday, though from the beginning of the spring season 2006 until the end of the spring season 2007 episodes aired only four days a week from Monday to Thursday.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Beginning on April 29, 2013, the series aired Monday through Thursday until the end of the season.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[36] Also in spring 2014 episodes aired on May 12, starting Monday through Thursday only.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The first rerun of the episodes originally came on the following weekday mornings.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Later reruns were moved to the weekend so that the first three episodes aired during the week aired on Saturday and the next two on Sunday.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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During the four-episode weekly pace, Saturdays and Sundays became two episodes per day.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Reruns were also aired on Fridays at one point.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Starting in the fall of 2014, all episodes of the week have been renewed on Saturday mornings.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Beginning in spring 2015, in addition to the Saturday rerun, the previous evening's episode will be renewed on weekday afternoons.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Reruns have also aired on the Ava channel, where the previous day's episode of the series aired as a rerun at seven o'clock, that is, just before airing the new episode began on MTV3.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[37] In January 2013, the airtime for AVA's replays was brought forward to 5 p.m.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Summer reruns of the series began on May 19, 2003, and episodes 1—150 were seen during the summer of 2003.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[38] The following summer, episodes 151—300 were renewed.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[39] Episodes 301—450 aired in the summer of 2005.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[40] After earlier summers had aired in the evenings, reruns moved to weekday mornings in summer 2006, when three episodes per day were aired.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Episodes 451 to 600 were aired during the summer, which first aired from August 31, 2001 to April 15, 2002.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[41] Also in the summer of 2007, reruns aired in the mornings.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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During the summer of 2008, the airtime was changed so that episodes aired three episodes per day in the afternoons as well as in the final rerun week also on the weekend.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The episodes aired in the summer of 2008 were from the 2003—04 production season.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Reruns ended with the final episode of that season A Message from the Past knocks out Sepo.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The reround continued on June 1, 2009 and ended on August 21, 2009.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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As in the previous summer, the presentation time was in the afternoon.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[42] During the summer of 2009, the 2004—05 production season aired in its entirety and the rerun ended with episode 1097 of the 2005—06 season: Laura fights to be equal.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The summer of 2010 aired until the end of the 2005—06 season.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The replay concluded with episode 1259 of the 2006—07 season.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The summer of 2011 aired as a rerun of episodes originally aired in the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 seasons 1260—1423.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Episodes aired in afternoons for 2—3 episodes each weekday.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In addition, a rerun special episode of Seppo Goes Shakespeare was aired in the summer.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the summer of 2012, a rerun of episodes 1424—1588 was aired, which first aired in 2007—2008.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[43] In the summer of 2013, a rerun of episodes 1589—1753 was aired, originally from 2008—2009.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[44] Episodes were also available for viewing on MTV3 Grandstand.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the summer of 2014, reruns aired starting with episode 1766, when episodes 1754—1765 were left unrenewed on television.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the first week of airing of reruns, episodes were broadcast with one episode Monday through Friday.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Starting in the second week, reruns aired three episodes on weekdays and two episodes on Saturdays.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The last episode to be renewed in the summer was ordinal number 1905.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In summer 2015, three episodes were broadcast on weekdays as well as two episodes on Saturdays.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The first episode to be renewed was in order number 1945, when episodes 1906—1944 were left unrenewed on television, but before summer reruns began, those episodes were available to watch on MTV Grandstand.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[45] The last episode to be renewed in summer 2015 was atomic number 2131, which first aired on television in the fall of 2011.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the summer of 2016, a rerun of episodes 2132—2313 was aired, which first aired in 2011—12.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Reruns aired three episodes on weekdays and two episodes on weekends.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the summer of 2017, the first episode to be renewed was atomic number 2314.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Reruns aired Monday through Saturday with three episodes per day.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Summer reruns premieres were seen on television in 2012—13.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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From February 2018 to August 2018, a rerun of episodes 2472—2804 was aired, which first aired between 2013 and 2015.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the spring, episodes were shown on weekdays mid-morning.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

In summer, episodes were shown on weekdays in the afternoon, but also on weekends in the morning.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

Reception Series ratings early 2000s early 2000s Concealed Lives was actually in great popularity.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The series immediately rose to be among the most-watched programmes in its early days.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

The most-watched episode of the series ever (part 390) Kalle makes a decision regarding the military aired on February 26, 2001, when the series had 136000000viewers.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[46] In 2002, Concealed Lives reached number 9 on the TOP10 list of the most watched programmes of the year.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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That year, the most-watched episode of the series garnered 1308000 viewers.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[47] Moving to the digital age The viewership of Encrypted Lives decreased slightly, as the number of channels increased and at the same time the programme offering increased.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

The series set its digital season viewership record on February 18, 2008, when the series had 1027001 viewers.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

[48] The episode aired in February 2008 (part 1501) Eero's tormentor gets a face was the tenth most watched programme of the whole year.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[49] Even after more than ten years of airing, Salatut lives is one of the most popular television series in Finland and often ranks number one in viewership statistics with its most-watched episode of the week.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Current Situation During the 2008—09 production season, the ratings of Encrypted Lives peaked at 1043000 viewers [50] and the lowest of 484000 viewers [51].


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

In the fall of 2008, the series averaged 793200 viewers and for the entire 2008—09 season averaged 820000 viewers.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

In August 2009, the series again set its new digital season viewership record [52] when the opening episode of the fall season aired on 24 August 2009 Everybody's Life Does Not Continue garnered an average of 1063000 viewers.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[53] Similarly, in autumn 2009, viewers have peaked at 647000.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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For the fall season of 2009, the series averaged just over 870,000 viewers per episode.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

In the spring season, the series' ratings were 900,000 viewers on both sides.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The figures peaked in January 2010, when figures of one million viewers were surpassed.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[54] However, the numbers decreased towards the end of the season, as the closing episode in spring was followed by a further 681000 viewers.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[55] The opening episode of the 2010—11 season garnered an average of 819,000 viewers [56], significantly less than the opening episode of the previous season.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

During the 2014—15 season, the average viewership of episodes of the Skealed Lives series was 840,000 (180 episodes, incl. premieres, reruns, 7 days of recording and MTV Grandstand).


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

The series was watched by over 4.2 million Finns (81%) on the MTV3 channel during 2015.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[25] However, the combined viewership of episodes (premieres, time-shifted viewing, reruns, MTV Grandstand) still reach over 1,000000 viewers per single episode.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[57] Most watched episodes by season Awards and nominations Won awards Telvis — Special Honorary Book, 1999 [74] Venla — Audience Venla, 2001 [75] Support Federation for Developmental Disabilities — Tulip of the Year recognition, 2003 [76] Nominations Golden TV — Best TV Show, 2008 Golden Venla — Best TV Show, 2010 Golden Venla — Best TV Show, 2011 [77] Golden Venla — Best TV Show, 2012 Golden Venla — Best TV Show, 2013 Golden Venla — Drama Program, 2013 [78] Golden Venla — Screenwriter of the Year, 2013 [78] (Series Screenplay Team) Golden Venla — Best TV Show, 2017 [79] Kohu around the series According to Marko Äijö, producer of Concealed Lives, the episode that caused the biggest stir ever in the series was seen in the early 2000s when Kalle Laitela, played by Pete Latu, kissed another man.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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According to Äijö, more than 40 metres of feedback was faxed from the episode.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[80] A particularly big stir was also caused by the season ending episode aired on June 1, 2009, which saw Paula being buried alive as well as the explosion of the Centaur.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

Considered Lives

More than a hundred feedback came to the channel about the episode and heated discussion on the message boards.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[81] In the days after the episode aired, there was a lot of stories in the tabloids about the events of the closing period, and in addition, tomb candles were reported to have appeared on St. Petersburg Street in front of the fictional Centauri restaurant in St. Petersburg Street in Helsinki.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[82] Furthermore, for example, Suvi Lindén, the then Minister of Communications, said that she was shocked by the content of the episode, even though the episode had not been seen.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[83] The media was particularly critical of whether the episode was suitable for children to watch.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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There was a rebuttal from the show channel by saying watching children's TV was the responsibility of parents.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[84] In July 2009, the Communications Agency sent out a bulletin mentioning that during the episode's airtime, there were no violations of the regulations governing the broadcast of programs harmful to children's development.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[85] In the media, the opening episode of the autumn season aired on 29 August 2011, Pihlakadu's Stork Has Evils in Mind, in which a mystical person exchanged Isabella Holm and Cindy Rintala's newborn babies with each other.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the media, the episode was described as a “real shock episode” [86] and “unprecedentedly drastic”.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[87] In Autumn 2011, the headline hit again when two weeks of episodes were pre-leaked online.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Episodes uploaded to foreign file-sharing services were removed shortly after the incident, and MTV3 announced it was taking heavy measures to hold crackers accountable for their actions.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[88] MTV3 considered filing a crime report on the matter, but later found out that the episodes ended up being leaked due to an error made by the channel itself.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[89] [90] On 28 February 2012, Iltalehti news on its website the episode aired the same day shocked viewers, as at the end of the episode Isabella was subjected to an attempted rape.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[91] Later, Ilta-Sanomat also reported news on the same topic on its website.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[92] On 29 May 2012, Ilta-Sanomat reported that a 14-year-old boy had found the scripts for five upcoming episodes of the Crypted Lives in a Helsinki park.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[93] A 250-page script of about 100 scenes revealed to its discoverer, among other things, an old actor who has already left the series, to return to the series.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[94] [93] [95] Eventalehti reported on its website the episode aired on 23 November 2012, Kalle's sea of love stains black after how the fate of Kalle, who was raped by Valtteri at the end of the episode, shocked viewers of the series.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[96] According to series producer Marko Äijö, the subject matter was important because often violence against men is silent.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[97] On 24 February 2016, Venla Saartamo, who had died in the series, was reported to be returning to the series.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The case was considered tasteless until it was discovered that it was a person who looked like Miia.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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The issue garnered considerable commentary, for example on the pages of Ilta-Sanomat.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[98] On March 27, 2017, the series saw a scene that caused a stir among viewers.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In the scene, Marianna Kurki (Oona Kare), who suffered from mental health problems, and her mother, Raakel Kurki (Miia Räikkönen), drove together to the seaside and committed a double suicide while holding hands.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[99] [100] In November 2018, Ilta-Sanomat reported that viewers contacted the editorial staff about an episode in which Monica Mustavaara (Irina Vartia) has sex with an underage Severi Sievinen (Scrooge Puhakka).


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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Mustavaara was married to Sever's cousin Jiri Viitamäki (Mikko Parikka).


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[101] Peripheral materials & spin-offs of Encrypted Lives have been published with many different peripheral materials.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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In addition to the products and spin-off series and films listed in the main article about them, the series has included an annual calendar, a jewellery, a ring, a magnetic set, a cloth bag and various textile products.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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[102] [103] Sources On the topic elsewhere is Instagram Please use a more specific IMDb template.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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See the documentation for available templates.


Question: What year was Sedu Koskinen born?

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on Twitter is Facebook on YouTube * Category:Screening Key Articles


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

John Sidney McCain III (August 29, 1936, Coco Solo Naval Base, Panama Canal Zone — August 25, 2018, Arizona [1]) was an American politician.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

He served as Senator of Arizona from 1987 until his death.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

He was re-elected in 1992, 1998, 2004, 2010 and 2016.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

He stood for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2008 United States presidential election but lost to Democrat Barack Obama.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[2] Military career McCain was born on August 29, 1936, at Coco Solo Naval Base in the then U.S.-administered Panama Canal Zone.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

The McCain family had a long history in the United States Navy.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

John McCain's father John S. McCain, Jr.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

and grandfather John S. McCain, Sr.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

were both four-star admirals.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

The family moved frequently, and McCain attended several different schools until he eventually joined the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

During his time as a student, McCain became known for his leadership abilities and the contempt he felt for authority figures on the other.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

At graduation in 1958, McCain was among the poorest performers in his class.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Since then, he moved to Pensacola, Florida, and completed pilot training in the Navy Air Force.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Even as a pilot, he was not described as the finest of all, but was said to be constantly experimenting with boundaries.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

During his training, McCain made a forced landing in the sea, and he later flew a Skyraider aircraft into power lines in Spain, causing a widespread blackout.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain married, in 1965, his first wife, Carol.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[3] In 1967, McCain was assigned to duty aboard the USS Forrestal aircraft carrier, from which departing planes participated in aerial bombardment of North Vietnam during Operation Rolling Thunder.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain was wounded during a fire aboard the USS Forrestal, from which, after being healed, he served aboard the USS Oriskany aircraft carrier.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

On October 26, 1967, McCain was conducting a mission above Hanoi in North Vietnam when his plane was shot down.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain broke his arm and one of his legs after jumping out of his plane.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

On the ground, McCain, who fell into a lake, was captured by the Vietnamese.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain was interrogated and tortured, but the maltreatment was stopped when the Vietnamese learned he was the son of a well-known admiral.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

For propaganda purposes, the Vietnamese offered to release McCain, but he declined the offer unless the Vietnamese released their other captives first.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Violent maltreatment began after refusing again.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

In addition to torture, McCain, who was ill with dysentery, tried in vain to commit suicide during his captivity.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain was finally released after five and a half years of imprisonment [3] in 1973.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[4] He suffered the injuries he sustained during his imprisonment for the rest of his life.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

In the United States, McCain was being welcomed by President Richard Nixon and, during his years in prison, a maimed wife in a car accident.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

In 1977, McCain began dating Cindy Lou Hensley, whom he married after divorcing his first wife in 1980.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[3] Political career As a Congressman, McCain concluded his career in the Navy in 1981, and was elected to the United States Congress from the city of Phoenix, Arizona.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain was one of President Ronald Reagan's backers, and he supported Reagan's tough line against the Soviet Union.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain also advocated arming the Contra movement of Nicaraguan counter-revolutionaries.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[3] However, he opposed U.S. involvement in the peacekeeping mission in Lebanon because he did not consider achieving the objectives possible.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

He was nominated to the Senate in 1986 upon the retirement of Barry Goldwater, and was elected to the vacant seat.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

He gave a speech at the Republican's 1988 party convention, when the press mentioned him as a potential vice presidential candidate for George H. W. Bush.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

In the late 1980s, McCain was linked to a corruption scandal.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Charles Keating, a Phoenix-based businessman, had supported the election campaigns of McCain and several other politicians.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

In the late 1980s, there was a financial crisis that brought down many companies in the sector.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Keating's Lincoln Savings and Loan was in danger of falling into the crosshairs of regulators, and Keating asked politicians he supported to let his company go easy.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

The request was also received by McCain, who attended meetings with senators and regulators.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Later, Lincoln Savings and Loan crashed, and Keating was convicted of fraud with taxpayers losing $2 billion worth of deposit collateral.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

The Senate Ethics Commission investigated the conduct of McCain and four other members of the Senate but nevertheless ultimately cleared McCain of any suspicions.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[5] In September 1999, McCain announced that he would enter the Republican Party presidential nomination race.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

His main opponent was George W., considered to be the party's favorite candidate.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Bush.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[3] McCain initially scored a significant victory in the New Hampshire primary [5] but opted out of the race after suffering a substantial defeat during the so-called Super Tuesday of the primary in March 2000.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Bush subsequently won the 2000 presidential election as well.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain voted after the election against tax cuts pushed for by the president, for example, but initially supported the war in Afghanistan and Iraq in response to the 9/11 terrorist acts.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

However, as the war dragged on, he also began to criticize the war policies of President Bush and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[3] As a candidate for the 2008 United States presidential election, McCain officially announced his presidential candidacy on April 25, 2007.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Although he was considered a preseason favourite in 2007, he lost in fundraising to Mitt Romney and former New York mayor Rudolph Giuliani [6].


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

In December, the primary candidates in the Republican primary were even, and they all had some weaknesses that diminished their popularity among the party's core supporters.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain's campaign embarked on a new surge after he gained the endorsement of The Boston Globe, The Des Moines Register and several other newspapers, as well as Senator Joe Lieberman.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[7] He defeated Romney in the New Hampshire primary on January 8 and re-emerged as the top candidate.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain was reported to have selected Alaska Governor Sarah Palin as his vice presidential nominee on August 29, 2008.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Palin was the first woman to run for the Republican vice presidential nomination.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[8] On September 24, McCain announced that he was suspending his election campaign, recommended Barack Obama do the same, and suggested moving the election debates so that he could act on sorting out the financial crisis.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[9] On October 1, he voted for a $700 billion stimulus plan [10].


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

In the final primary candidates' debate on October 15, he sought to distance himself from the sitting President Bush, likening Obama's tax rates to socialism and raising the “River of Plumbers” as a metaphor for American small business owners sceptical of Obama's economic policies.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain denied using Jeremiah Wright's statements in ads directed against Obama, but Bill Ayers was regularly brought up.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[11] In the 2008 United States presidential election, McCain lost to Democrat Barack Obama in Electors 365—173.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Votes McCain received 58319442 and Obama 66862039.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[12] As a graduate congressman, McCain was re-elected to the Senate of the United States Congress in 2010.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

Despite an unsuccessful presidential campaign, he was still regarded as one of the country's best-known policies.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

In the 2016 United States presidential election, McCain questioned the suitability of Donald Trump, who had lined up in the Republican presidential race, and Trump, in turn, questioned McCain's reputation as a war hero.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

McCain withdrew his support from Trump in October 2016.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[3] On the 2017 side, McCain voted against the Republican-pushed health care reform overthrow of Obamacare.


Question: What did John McCain die of?

John McCain

[5] McCain was also among some Democrats in calling for the creation of a committee to investigate possible Trump presidential campaign Russia links and Russian election meddling.