Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[6] After the revelation, he began to receive fan mail, although he considered his first fan letters a prank.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[7] In 1966, Barks retired.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The post-comics period, Barks did not finish work on Disney characters, despite retiring.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

He did screenplays until 1974 and drew cover art until 1969.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Most of these screenplays were Wolf-Puppy-themed stories illustrated by Kay Wright or Tony Strobl.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Later, these Wolf Puppy adventures were redrawn by Daan Jippes.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Jippes' versions are considered considerably more spiritual than Barks.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks' final manuscripts were “Horsing Through History”, drawn by William Van Horn, chosen by Barks for the work, and “The Postman of the Arctic Circle”, which was completed by Byron Erickson and John Lustig and drawn by Daan Jippes.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[8] In 1971, at the suggestion of his admirer Glenn Bray, Carl Barks set about painting oil colourwork based on his own duck stories.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[9] Initially he sold his paintings for about $150 a piece, but today the most valuable have been paid up to $150,000.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Most of these paintings were direct copies of the cover illustrations he drew, although later he also painted paintings loosely related to his stories.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

However, the copyrights to them and the characters featured in them belonged to the Disney company, but surprisingly, the company granted Barks permission to make paintings of them, though the company has never granted similar permission to anyone else.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

However, when unauthorized print copies of the paintings began to be made as well, in 1976 the company banned Barks from painting any more Disney-themed paintings.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

By then, he had completed more than 120 paintings.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[7] Thereafter he painted fantasy and western motifs [2].


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

In the early 1980s, permission for paintings rattled again, and Barks continued to make them.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

At the same time, the value of the paintings also soared, and Another Rainbow, which owns the licence, began publishing lithographs of these paintings.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

All of the printing tiles have been destroyed except for the first five, which have been scratched unusable and preserved as mementos in the Disney company's archives.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[4] [2] Only a fraction of the original pages drawn by Barks remain, as much of its original drawings were burned and disposed of by the Disney company due to lack of space.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Last years In 1991, Barks received the Disney Legends Award, which is given for distinguished work for the benefit of the Disney company.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Three years later, Barks made his first trip abroad.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

En route, she visited eleven European countries: Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Poland, Germany, Italy, France, the Netherlands and Britain.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[4] As his last Disney-themed work, he wrote the praise poem “Ode to Disney Ducks”.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The writing in question has been published in issue 26/1999 of Donald Duck magazine, among others.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[2] Barks died at his home in Grants Pass, Oregon, of leukemia [10] at the age of 99 in 2000.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[4] Barks as an artist Barks' influence on Donald Duck Barks' influence on Donald Duck comics is very large.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Almost every cartoonist considers him his paragon.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The most famous of them is Don Rosa, few of whose stories contradict Barks' stories.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Many other Disney cartoonists, including Romano Scarpa and Daan Jippes, have also said Barks was their biggest influencer.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks invented Aku, ducklings and female friend Iines alongside the characters of several additional personalities.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Of particular significance was Aku's uncle Scrooge the Duck.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[11] According to Barks, Scrooge is specifically the brother of Aku's mother, but Ankkalinna's uncles have been traditionally translated into uncles in Finland.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Initially, Roope was only intended to be a minor character only in the story “Christmas on Mount Bear”.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[12] Roope's enemies Bear Kopla, Milla Magia and Golden-Into Pii are also characters created by Barks, as are the inventor Pelle the Fearless and the good-fated Hansel the Goose.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Of Roope's enemies, Kroisos Pennonen is also a character created by Barks, although Barks himself only used the character once in the story “Wonder Benzine”.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks also developed the characters of the ducklings Tupu, Hood, and Lupu.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The Wolf Puppies Organization and their information pack The Wolf Puppies Handbook was Barks' invention.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[13] [14] [11] All readers of Donald Duck are familiar with the following situations: Donald tries to succeed in various professions, but attempts usually end in disaster.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The battery gets into a quarrel with his neighbour Teppo Tulpu, and the consequence is a fight between the neighbors.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Aku, along with Tupu, Hupu, and Lupu hunt for lost treasures with Roope.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Milla Magia tries to rob Roope's Duck First Sant.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Scrooge fights with either Gold-Into Pi or Kroisos Pennonen for the position of richest man in the world.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

All these basic formulas of Donald Duck comic book stories are from Barks' pen.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks was the first notable artist to draw long Donald Duck stories.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Before him, Donald Duck's adventures were mainly strips of Al Taliaferro and before that small side parts in other Disney comics and cartoon films.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

In these minor parts, Donald most often adventured with Mickey Mouse and Goofy Hopo until, thanks to Barks, the Duck and Mouse worlds became almost completely separated from each other.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks created Donald Duck as a character more popular than Mickey Mouse.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks drew only one Mickey story during his life, “The Riddle of the Red Hat”.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[15] Donald Duck and Uncle Scrooge's work and life experiences have been influenced by Barks' own life.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks stated that Aku's repeated misfortune and drift from job to job reminds him of himself before his career as a draftsman.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[16] Barks looked back on his own gauntlet jobs as dreary toil, and during his comic career he reportedly never once took a vacation.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Still, he often stressed the importance of hard work in his sets.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[4] Barks was himself right-wing in political terms, close to Republicans.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[17] Censorship in the United States of comic book censorship was very specific in the 1950s.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Finnish Donald Duck delivery has always been more permissive when it comes to Carl Barks comics.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Among other things, Back to Klondike received its first release half a page short of its original outfit in Finland.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Finland was the first country to publish that famous story whole, with the exception of the missing half of the page that Barks drew from outer memory.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

In another case, the story “Maitomies”, which premiered in its original costume in the 40th anniversary issue of Finland's Donald Duck magazine, was found in the Disney archives.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Listed here are some of the most famous censors: “Liekkimies” (1945) was not published in Finland until the 1990s because Donald Duck's editorial considered it too fire-sensitive a subject.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

In the story, Donald works his havoc on Duck Castle as a pyromaniac and finally goes to prison.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

It had already been censored at the time of its first release: the last two frames in the series were removed and a new payoff was drawn in its place, giving the understanding that the whole story was Aku's nightmare dream.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

However, the original ending was restored in Carl Barks' Assembled series.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

In the joke story “Aprillia!” (1950) In the first pane of the second page, Barks drew Tuppu, Hood and Lupu on the dump, whose garbage pile shows Adolf Hitler's book My Battles.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

It was a satirical joke intended for readers who grew up Barks, identifying the notorious book as waste.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

However, this reference has been removed from editions of the story in many countries including Germany.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

“Candies and Pranks” (1952) was subject to censorship.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

More than 10 pages were removed from it and the start screen was redrawn.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The censored portion was mainly overly drastic Halloween gags.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The cemetery, bathed in moonlight, with its crosses, seen on the starting screen was deemed too creepy and macabre for children.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks had adapted the story from the Donald Duck animation of the same name [18].


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

In the story “Donald Duck Saves Empty Christmas” (1952), Western thought it was too drastic a starting screen, so Barks had to change it.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The picture shows ducklings walking through a decadent village with grief-looking children in shabby clothes [19].


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

“Back to the Klondike” (1953) was also deemed too drastic by the publisher, and five pages were scissored out of it.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Among other things, the scene in which a seductive Kultu Glitter cheats gold from Scrooge, who pokes up a large tack fight in Kultu's saloon, was the subject of censoring.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The story “The Treasure of Marco Polo” (1966) was not censored at the time of its publication, but subsequent editions were censored in the United States because public perception of the Vietnam War had taken on negative overtones.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

In the story, Scrooge and his relatives travel to Horjustan in Southeast Asia, which is in the throes of a violent civil war.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The story sees, among others, soldiers armed in belligerent situations who, in one plot twist, almost succeed in executing Roope and Aku, who are declared spies.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Such was not considered appropriate, especially in children's comics, as events in Vietnam rose to international attention and the My Lai massacre, for example, sparked widespread outrage around the world.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Along with the deleted panes, the censored version also changed the text; as an example, Barks' anti-communist slander of invalid wristwatches made in “Workers” Paradise” was altered so that in the censored edition the manufacturer of the watches was announced as “Scrooge Duck's clock factories”.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks has also had to self-censor his own stories.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

One example of that is “Donald Duck and Zombie”, where Barks, among other things, removed sharpened teeth deemed racist from a zombie and drew pupils for the zombie (mere whites were considered too scary) and only half-open eyes.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Later, Don Rosa has drawn the same character in his own story The World's Richest Duck, but in this narrative Zombie has original, entirely open and white eyes.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Characters and locations Barks developed the Duck Castle milieu and much of its central characters.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The persons mentioned in the following list, as well as the building and criminal group, are invented by him and first appeared in the stories mentioned below: Teppo Tulppu — “Day of Good Deeds” (1943) Scrooge the Duck — “Christmas on the Bear Mountain” (1947) Hansel Goose — “It best laughs...” ( 1948) Money Tank — “Uncle Roope's New Money Tank” (1951) Bear kopla — “Duck Castle Bang” (1951) Pelle Fearless — “The Fearful of Happiness” (1952) Peikontooth Mountain — “Trolltooth” (1953) Little Helper — “Cat Strip” (1956) Gold-Into Silicon — “Roope-Tooth” (1953) Uncle E in Trouble” (1956) Milla Magia — “Touch of Mida” (1961) Kroisos Pennonen — “Miracle Benzine” (1961) Miss Näpsä — “Midaa's Touch” (1961) Best known stories “Pirates' Gold” (1942) “The Mummy's Ring” (1943) “Christmas on the Bear Mountain” (1947) “The Secret of the Old Castle” (1949) “The Ring of the Mummy” (1943) “Christmas on the Bear Mountain” (1947) “The Secret of the Old Castle” (1949) “Bullet Valley” Sheriff” (1949) “Angled Eggs” (1949) “Empty-Christmas” (1952) “Crafty Uncle Scrooge” (1952) “The Golden Helmet” (1952) “Back to the Klondike” (1953) “The Cunning or the Clave” (1953) (The story involves the concept of Hapsism) “Happy Valley” (1954) “The Philosopher's Stone” (1954))” Golden fleece” (1955) “Money Source” (1958) “Kultajoki” (1958) “Saari in Space” (1960) “Gold and Fish Debts” (1965) Continuation of Barks' work Many subsequent Duck cartoonists have been influenced by Barks.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks himself held the highest regard among his followers Vicar, Daan Jippes and William Van Horn [4] [20].


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Jippes was chosen to redraw the series scripted by Barks.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Don Rosa did a lot of stories related to Barks's stories, “sequels”, for example “Back to Xanadu” where Scrooge, Donald and the ducklings return to the fairy-tale Tralla La'ha.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[21] Meaning in a 1999 list of “The 100 Best of the English Comics Comics Comics of the Century” by the editorial staff of the comics industry news magazine, Carl Barks' Donald Duck was ranked seventh.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Of the entertainment comics, only Charles Schulz's Peanuts were put before it.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[6] [4] According to writer Neil Gaiman, Carl Barks was one of the great children's writers alongside authors such as Tove Jansson and Kenneth Grahame.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[22] According to comic book critic Ville Hänninen, Carl Barks' comics fulfil the hallmarks of the classic.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The stories have stood the test of time because Barks didn't underestimate the reader.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[16] According to journalist Yuri Nummelin, the overriding emotional states in the Disney cartoon are anger and envy between people.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

At Barks, they don't seem obnoxious, as he tackles these subjects with the means of classical tragedy.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks manages to combine children's comic as well as adult literature that truely portrays the relationships of individuals.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The characters created by Barks are, according to Nummelin, instantly recognizable in the reader itself.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

[23] Reissues All Disney series drawn by Barks have been published in a collection called The Carl Barks Library.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Later, Fantagraphics has published Barks' collections in English.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

In Finnish, several book series containing Barks' stories have been published.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Donald Duck's best included short stories from Barks' golden age.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Donald Duck's banquet kits and the Duck Library were ten-part hardcover sets.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Barks' stories have also been published in several separate works and in dialect versions.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Released as a limited edition, Carl Barks' compiles included all of Barks' Disney series.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

The latest series of releases is Carl Barks's Best Series, which began in 2014.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ault, Donald| title= Carl Barks: Conversations| location = Jackson| publisher = University Press of Mississippi| year = 2003| isbn = 1-57806-500-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Barrier, J. Michael| title= Carl Barks and the Art of the Comic Book| location = New York| publisher = M. Lilien| year = 1981| isbn = 0-9607652-0-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ronkainen, Timo| title = Carl Barks: Secret of the Duck Master.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Perspectives on Carl Barks production| location = Turku| publisher = Zum Teufel| year = 2018| isbn = 978-952-5754-70-4}} On the topic elsewhere in Yle Living Archives.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Ronkainen, Timo: Duck castle bang.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

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Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

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Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

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Santikko, S.: Kvaak.fi 14.12.2008.


Question: When did Carl Barks start drawing comics?

Carl Barks

Category:People born in 1901 Class:Those who died in 2000 Class:Key articles in screening


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The Centre of Finland (in common parlance centrum, [1] abbreviation Kesk., [2]) is a Finnish party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The party, founded in 1906, was called the Agrarian League (lyh.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

ML) until 1964 and then the Centre Party until 1988, when the current name was introduced.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The ideology of the party is characterized by belonging to the political center, embryism and social liberalism.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Centre is a member of Liberal International, an international organisation of liberal parties, and the Party of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

In the European Parliament, centrists belong to the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and the Middle Group in the Nordic Council.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Finland has had three presidents and eleven prime ministers representing the centre and its predecessors.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The centre has 49 MPs in Parliament, three MEPs in the European Parliament and 3077 councillors in local councils.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[3] In the 2015 parliamentary election, the party was the winner of the election and became the Prime Minister Party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

According to 2013 data, the party has 150000 members.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[4] Juha Sipilä has been the president of the centre since June 2012.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[5] History Time of Autonomy and the First Republic The party can be considered to have been born in 1906, when the Finnish Association of Agrarian Populations was founded and the Young Finnish Agrarian League of Southern Ostrobothnia, which merged in 1908 into the Agrarian League [6] (lr.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

ML [7]).


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

In 1965, the name was changed to the Centre Party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[7] The current name Finland Centre was introduced in 1988.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

As a nickname, the party has the word “Centre Party” shortened to Kepu.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Santeri Alkio, who was displaced from the Young Finns, is considered the ideological father of the Agrarian League, and in its early days the party operated on a constitutional front with the Young Finns.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

After the Finnish Civil War, the Agrarian League sought to drive balance and national reconciliation, accepting amnesties for the Reds, for example.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The party also led the fight against right-wing radicalism that threatened democracy in the 1930s.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Cooperation with the Social Democrats began to increase, and the first so-called red dirt government was formed in 1937.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's support was based on a broad agrarian and rural population, as the Agrarian League sought to improve rural economic and social welfare.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's earliest areas of support were in Ostrobothnia, Lapland, Kainuu and the eastern parts of Vyborg County.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

After World War II, the colonizers inhabited western Finland raised the Agrarian League to be the largest party even in rural areas of more western Finland.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Support for the party in the cities was initially very small, but even that began to grow.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

In the 1970s, support for the party declined, at which point many began to view the party with a rural background as a fading sunset party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The drop in support has since proved temporary.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Lauri Kristian Relander was the first President of the Republic elected from the party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

As the Winter War broke out, the president was country ally Kyösti Kallio, who appointed the first red dirt government formed by the SDP and the Agrarian League in 1937.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

For health reasons, Kallio's presidency remained unfinished as early as 1940.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Kekkonen's time after World War II began a phase of new foreign policy orientation.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Urho Kekkonen, an Agrarian MP, was Prime Minister several times after the war.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

In the 1956 presidential election, Kekkonen, who as Prime Minister had among other things extradited a member of the Estonian resistance who had fled to Finland to the Soviet Union, was persuaded by the KGB to support him.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Five days before the assembly of the electors, the Finnish Communists were ordered to vote on Kekko.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

With votes from the communists, Kekkonen unexpectedly won the election by the smallest possible margin.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Kekkonen's power was increased in the note crisis and, at the insistence of the KGB, the Protection Police was filled with agrarian allies.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[8] Kekkonen emerged as a leading figure in the line that emphasised Soviet friendship.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The President's power was strengthened mainly to safeguard Eastern policy (YYA and OSCE) and Western integration (associate membership of EFTA and EEC Free Trade Agreement), as at the same time there was no desire to lose bilateral trade between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

This, along with the party splintering of the SDP, led to the President's strong involvement beginning to be regarded mainly within his social democratic opponents as whip parliamentarianism.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Critical voices also emerged from the right wing, such as Tuure Junnila, Georg C. Ehrnrooth and Kullervo Rainio, forming the Constitutional People's Party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Another prominent opponent was former country ally Veikko Vennamo.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Within the party, Eastern politics, left-wing cooperation and Kekko were formed to support almost the party opposition the so-called K-line.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The content of the line was to “go so left as to hideous”.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Those skeptical of the K-line representatives began to be called the Black Dozen.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

This allowed to understand that there is a right-wing faction within the party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

In 1948−1958, the Agrarian League used a well known election poster depicting a peasant's hand leaning on the Bible and the law book and the text “On these leans Agrarian”.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Change of name Veikko Vennamo, head of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry responsible for the settlement activities of the surrendered Karelian colonists, entered into a dispute with Kekkonen in the 1950s and founded the Finnish Small Peasants' Party, which moved to the Agrarian League due to urbanisation in the 1960s I like the Finnish Rural Party, on which Timo Soini, Kari Bärlund, Raimo Vistbacka and Urpo Leppänen decided to establish the PerusFinns.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[9] On October 17, 1965, the Agrarian League changed its name to the Centre Party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[10] The change portrayed the secession from agrarian politics as a nationwide general party.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

With the name change, support for the party dropped sharply.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

[6] At the time of the first name change, there was also the so-called Great Migration from land to cities and Sweden, leaving the party concerned about the decline of its supporter base.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

The new name sought wider support from cities as well.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Support for the Centre Party in parliamentary elections at its lowest was between 35 and 36 MPs at the end of Johannes Estonian's presidency.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 1960s and 70s, the centre was a reformist, pro-parliamentary democracy party that softened the confrontation between far-left and right-wing forces.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Supporters also diversified as the share of staff members and the working population increased.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's name was changed to Centre Finland in 1988.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[6] In 1980, Paavo Väyrynen was elected President of the Centre Party, Paavo Väyrynen was elected President of the Centre Party, who with Party Secretary Seppo Käräinen began to pursue the so-called will policy, which mainly meant challenging the SDP led by Kalevi Sorsa in many in questions.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The relative weakening of the Centre Party in relation to the SDP had contributed to Urho Kekkonen's illness and the change of President of the Republic.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Before the 1987 parliamentary elections, the Centre Party, the Coalition and the RKP entered into a so-called safe agreement whereby none of the parties involved in the agreement would negotiate to form a government without other parties.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

This would reject attempts by President Mauno Koivisto to get his own party, the SDP, into government.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

However, the plan came to Koivisto's attention and he appointed Harri Holker instead of President of the Coalition, Ilkka Suominen.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Instead of a bourgeois government, the result was Holker's blue-red government, which was in power from 1987 to 1991.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the autumn of 1990, the government requested the support of a centrist who had been in opposition for austerity decisions ahead of the 1991 parliamentary elections, which the party refused.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Bourgeois Government and Opposition In the 1991 parliamentary elections, the Centre won the so-called Bloodstaking election victory and for a long time emerged as the largest parliamentary party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Based on the election result, a bourgeois government of the Centre, Coalition, RKP and Christian Union was formed, with the centrist Esko Aho becoming Prime Minister.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Coalition wanted Finland to join the European Union, then called the European Community.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

While the centre viewed integration with Western Europe with scepticism, Esko Aho, the more pro-Western chairman of his own party, sought to win the support of his party for the membership project.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The EU split centrist supporters into two camps and, in particular, many of the party's rural voters opposed membership in the autumn 1994 referendum.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Paavo Väyrynen, a top figure in the party's western integration wing, worked to delay the membership vote.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

He was also the party's presidential candidate in the 1988 and 1994 presidential elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The centrist's responsibility for government was timed in a difficult period of recession, and in the 1995 parliamentary elections, the Centre lost the seat of the largest party to the Social Democrats.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Following the election, a broad-based rainbow government of the Social Democrats, Coalition, Left Alliance and Greens was formed under Paavo Lipponen.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In early spring 1996, Esko Aho introduced a work reform of the centre, which was published for the 1999 parliamentary elections under the leadership of Matti Vanhanen and Maria-Kaisa Aula.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

However, the work reform received a negative reception.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 1999 parliamentary elections, the Centre still remained the second largest party despite the losses suffered by the Social Democrats, and the party's period of opposition continued.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The centre wanted to keep the mark as currency and not switch to the use of the euro.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

2000s In the 2000 presidential election, Esko Aho emphasized the conventional nuclear family and living in a private house in a safe environment as a safe Finnish life form in his campaign.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Aho suffered a meagre defeat to Tarja Halonen of the Social Democrats in the second round of the election and later gave up politics.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Under the leadership of Anneli Jäätteenmäki, the Centre achieved victory first in the 2000 municipal elections and later in the 2003 parliamentary elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Jäätteenmäki became the first female Prime Minister of Finland and the Red Multa government she led also included the SDP and the RKP.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Soon after the election, however, Jäätteenmäki was forced to resign due to the so-called Irakgate scandal.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Matti Vanhanen, Minister of Defence in the Jäätteenmäki government, became the new Prime Minister.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 2006 presidential election, the sitting Prime Minister Vanhanen, who was the party's presidential candidate, lost in the first round to Sauli Niinistö, and the party failed to qualify for the second round of the elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the second round, Niinistö lost to sitting President Halonen, gaining almost exactly the same endorsement as Aho six years earlier.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 2007 parliamentary elections, the Centre lost some seats but still maintained its status as the largest party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Not once before in history had a centrist achieved the status of largest party twice in a row.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The coalition rose past the Social Democrats to become the second largest party, which now gained more MPs than the Social Democrats for the first time.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The government of Matti Vanhanen II was formed on the centre, the Coalition, the Greens and the RKP.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Vanhanen resigned from the positions of Prime Minister and Party Chairman in the summer of 2010. At that time, the government of Mari Kiviniemi, the new chairman of the centre, was formed, which apart from the portfolio of Minister of Municipality and Administration held by Kiviniemi who took over as Prime Minister, was identical to the Vanhanen II government.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

After the 2007 parliamentary elections, the electoral finance bust that rocked Finnish politics was seen as having deprived the centre of credibility.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[11] Many centrist politicians faced pre-trial investigations in relation to bribery offences or recusal in the office.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[12] [13] [14] Central Criminal Police raided the central party office in May 2010.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[15] [16] In 2007, Party Secretary Jarmo Korhonen reported on the dire state of the party's finances, which he said would turn out for the better by 2009.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[17] Today, the centrist economy is cramped, according to the party leadership.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[18] [19] [20] In addition, the centre-owned Apollo company received tax hikes of half a million euros in autumn 2010.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[21] 2010s Finland had a centrist prime minister between 2003 and 2011, when Jäätteenmäki, Vanhanen I and II and the Kiviniemi government served.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Centre was also the largest party in parliament during this period after gaining 55 seats in the 2003 elections and 51 in the 2007 elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Based on polls conducted prior to the 2011 parliamentary elections, the Centre had, like the SDP and the Coalition, lost popularity compared to the previous parliamentary elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

According to one nationwide poll, the center and the Coalition were in nearly the same support readings.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[22] However, in the election, the Centre remained only the fourth largest party, losing 16 MPs compared to the previous election.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Kiviniemi did not stand for re-election at the summer 2012 party conference.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In this way, he stated that he bore responsibility for the fact that the party had not been able to emerge sufficiently rowdy.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[23] According to some estimates, there may also be disappointment that Väyrynen and Pekkarinen challenged him after a brief presidency.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[24] At the Summer 2012 party conference, Juha Sipilä was elected President of the Centre Centre.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the parliamentary election of 2015, the Centre again returned to largest party status, gaining 49 MPs in parliament, 14 more than in the previous election.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Name and emblems The downtown logo is based on a four-leaf clover.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The party's emblem has been taken from the Polish People's Party PSL.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Swedish Centre Party, on the other hand, took a model from Finland when it chose a four-clover as its emblem in 1942.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[26] The logo used by the Centre of Finland in the early 2000s.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Downtown emblem in 2012-2015.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Downtown emblem from 2015 onwards.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Structure and Organization Party Institutions Party Conference Party Conference exercises the party's supreme decision-making power and deals with major issues of principle.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

It elects for two years at a time a party chairman, three vice-presidents, a party secretary and a party councillor.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[27] Party Council The party council exercises the power vested in the party caucus during the period between party conferences.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The party council elects the party board and decides on the party's separate programs.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The party council consists of 135 members and a further 130 deputies.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The term of office is two-year.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[27] All 21 district organisations in the centre are represented on the party council.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In addition to them, the Central Women, Central Youth, Central Students, Central Newspapers and the Parliamentary Group of the Party have their own representatives.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Party Government The party government runs the overall activities of the party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

It is composed of the party president, three vice-presidents, a party secretary and 31 other members and deputies.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The party government elects a bureau from among its midst.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[27] The party government presents matters to the party council.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

It also responds to party conference initiatives by making closing motions.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

At the same time, the chairman of the party board is the chairman of


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Bureau of the Party Government The bureau of the party government consists of the party president, vice-presidents, party secretary, member elected from the party's parliamentary group to the party board, a member of the party board elected from the Centre Delegation of the European Parliament and three others a member elected from among its members by the party government.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Bureau prepares proposals for the party government and monitors the implementation of the decisions of the party bodies in Parliament, the Government and within the Party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[27] Karina Jutila of the University of Tampere has done a dissertation with one rules, two cards?


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Empirical study of internal decision-making in the Centre of Finland, dealing with the practical decision-making of the Bureau.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

According to the thesis: Party Office Centre Party Office is an office run by the party secretary responsible for general administration, such as relations at regional and local level and policy coordination.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The office was previously located in Pursimiehenkatu in Helsinki, from where it moved to Apollonkatu in Etu-Töölö.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Parliamentary Group The Centre of Finland is represented by the Centre Parliament Group.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Parliamentary Group acts as a cooperative body of MPs from the Centre of Finland.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The importance of the parliamentary group in parliamentary work is central: the meetings discuss current political issues and form positions on the matter before Parliament.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The centrist parliamentary group in the Riksdag 2015—2019 constitutes 49 MPs.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The group is chaired by MP Antti Kaikkonen.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[28] District organisations The centre has the following 20 district associations: [29] Helsinki District Uusimaa District Varsinais-Finland District Satakunta District South Häme district Päijät-Häme district Pirkanmaa district Kymenlaakso District Karelia District South Savo District East Savo District North Karelia District North Savonia District Central Finland District Southern Ostrobothnia District Central Ostrobothnia District North Ostrobothnia District Kainuu District Lapland District Peräpohjola District Previously, Upper Savo District was also active, from the merger of which North- The Savo district was decided in 2011.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[30] In addition to regional districts, there is a country-wide Centerns svenskspråkiga distrikt, or Downtown Swedish-speaking district.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Of the district's 16 local wards, 10 operate in Swedish-speaking Ostrobothnia.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[31] In many constituencies, the centre has more than one district organisation; these place parliamentary election candidates according to quotas they have agreed.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The centre is represented in the Häme constituency by South Häme district and Päijät-Häme district, Karelia district and Kymenlaakso district in the Kyme constituency, South Savo district and Eastern Savo district, Vaasa constituency South Ostrobothnia district and Central Ostrobothnia district, Oulu constituency North- Ostrobothnia District and Kainuu District and Lapland District and Peräpohjola District in Lapland constituency.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Local Communities of the Party Alkio-College, Korpilahti Huolahti Helsinki Archive for the Centre and Rural Archives, Agrarian Centre Party-Finland Centre Party's history archive Central Youth, Youth Organisation Rural Flower Fund Foundation, youth organisation Fund for Rural Education, Youth Foundation, Social Housing Services Organisation Finland Central Women, Women's Organisation Vesainen, Early Youth Organisation [32] Media Current Maahenki Oy, Rural Education Association Publishing house Suomenmaa, the main voice supporter of the Centre of Finland, appears in print and online magazine Earlier Karjalmaa, the Agrarian Union in Joensuu from 1917 to 2011 and then the Finnish Voice Supporter Liitto, the Agrarian League in Oulu from 1906 to 1993 and subsequently Lalli, a supporter of the Agrarian Union in Satakunta between 1917 and 2009 and then Turunmaa, who appeared in Satakunta between 1917 and 2009. as a membership organization, but resigned from the party again in 1986.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

As the two parties merged, the Centre inherited Liberal International membership and the Liberals' financial responsibilities.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Centre is also a member of the Party of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the European Parliament, centrists are members of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ELDR) group together with representatives of the RKP.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Ideology and values The Centre declares its values of responsibility and freedom, community and caring, equality and justice, civility, overgenerational and reasonableness, a sustainable relationship with nature and localism.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[33] The aim of the centre is a decentralised society based on a market economy, social security that encourages work and equality of opportunity.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The center strives to keep the whole country populated.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the most recent party programme, the centrist aims to be a party of faith and a civilisation movement, an ecological pioneer and a builder of peace and cooperation.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Through the power of civilisation and culture, the party strives for humanity and responsible freedom, as well as an entrepreneurial society.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The center sees itself as a movement for cooperation and reconciliation.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[34] Santeri Alkio co-founded the Agrarian League and is among the most prominent chairmen of the party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The embryonic inheritance, or embryonism, is referred to in the latest 2006 Principles Programme.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Embryism emerged as an alternative to socialism and capitalism to emphasize humanity, a popular social order, and equality.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Centre is, according to its own view, a generalist party reforming society and a popular civilisation movement.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Political Agencies and Objectives The Centre and its predecessors have carried out 24 general or principle programmes over the years.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[35] From 1906 are the programme requirements of the Young Finnish Agrarian Association of Southern Ostrobothnia and the general programmes called the Finnish Association of Agrarian Populations Programme.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

A 1908 version of the latter also exists.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The first Agrarian General Programme dates from 1914.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Subsequently, the Agrarian League drafted a further seven party programmes.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

There are eight programs made as a centrist party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Under its current name, the Centre of Finland has drawn up five party programmes, the most recent being from 2006.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

One of the most significant liberal projects in centrist history was the Labor Reform introduced in the 1999 parliamentary elections, which the trade union movement suspected would severely undermine the collective bargaining system and workers' rights.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the party's view, the Reform sought to reform the labour market and basic security in such a way that giving and doing work would have been easier.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The majority of supporters of the Centre Centre think labour market organisations are interfering in too many issues.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[36] The party did not support same-sex marriage, but does not intend to leave to cancel it.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[37] [38] In 2014, at the time of the vote on the issue, six centrist MPs supported gender-neutral marriages.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[39] The centre advocates compulsory Swedish language teaching in schools.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[37] [40] Party Secretary Jarmo Korhonen proposed in 2007 to merge the basic Finns and the centre, which was knocked out by the leadership of the Peru Finns.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[41] [42] The Centre also advocates desentralisation, i.e. spread investment.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

As part of this, it supports the dispersal investment of government jobs from the metropolitan area to other parts of Finland.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[43] The Centre has a negative view of the decline in the number of municipalities.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[44] and advocates strengthening the position of the provinces.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[45] Supporters Member States In 2011, the centre had about 163000 members according to the party's own declaration, [46] making it the largest party in Finland by far in terms of membership.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Like the SDP, the Left Alliance and the Christian Democrats, the Centre has also lost members in recent years.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[47] In 2010, it emerged that some members had been attached to the party without their knowledge.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

After media coverage of the issue, the centre estimated its membership register to have nearly 50,000 members attached to the party without the person concerned's own signature.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Hundreds of complaints have been made since “fake memberships” came to light.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[48] Political Four-Field In a survey published by the Municipal Development Foundation in 2015, 47% of centrist supporters placed themselves on the right, 40% in the centre and 10% on the left.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the value liberality−value conservatism dimension, there were 36 per cent value conservatives, 18 per cent of value liberals and 43 per cent for those in the middle.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

According to the study, as a crystallisation of the positions of the party's supporters, it can be said that the centre is a centre-right party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[49] Demography In 2008, the largest occupational groups in party conference delegates were farmers (40%), clerks (28%) and pensioners (15%).


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Two triplets of party conference delegates were male and the age distribution of participants weighted towards middle-aged and middle-aged.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[50] Attitudes towards politics Finland joined the European Union by the Aho government led by the Centre Centre.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

According to a survey by the Business Delegation, in 2008, a quarter of centrist supporters had a positive view of the European Union and half were anti-EU.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[51] In 2007, a third of centrists thought it was good that the mark was replaced by the euro.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[52] According to political scientist Ville Pernaa, the centre had (in 2011) been referred to as the 'sunset party' for almost 50 years.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[53] The party's support in recent decades was thought to decline while the number of farms would continue to decline.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

However, the centre is considered to have transformed itself from a peasant party that promoted rural and agricultural issues to a general party pushing regional politics and the cause of the Finnish provinces.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[54] In his dissertation, Seppo Kääriäinen estimated that the party's support remained thanks to the fieldpeople and skilled leaders.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[55] Support areas The support for the centre remains below 10% in the metropolitan area, Turku, Tampere and Pori, as well as in Swedish-speaking rural areas.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the provincial centres of Central Finland, Ostrobothnia, Eastern Finland and Northern Finland, the centre has been either the largest party or close to the largest party status in recent elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The highest support for the party is in rural Finnish-speaking municipalities, especially in the Ostrobothnia region.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 1983—2011 parliamentary elections, the party's support was divided by constituency as shown in the following table.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Constituencies are in the table with their current names, but their names have varied over the years.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The affiliation of municipalities to different constituencies has also varied, so data for different years may not be comparable.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The results of the constituencies correspond to the regional division according to each election year.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Åland constituency is not included because mainland Finnish parties are not active in Åland.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In Åland, the Centre of Finland did not field any candidates.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Instead, the province operates its own centre of Åland (reeds. Åländsk Center).


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Based on the results, support for the centre is highest in the Oulu and Lapland constituencies in Northern Finland.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the constituencies of Vaasa, Central Finland, Northern Savonia, South Savo and North Karelia in the central parts of Finland from the coast of Ostrobothnia to the eastern border, support for the centre exceeded 30% in the 2007 elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In addition to the national support, the centrist support was in Satakunta and Kymi constituencies.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Support was lower than this in the constituencies of Varsinais-Suomi and Pirkanmaa containing Turku and Tampere.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The lowest level of support for the centre has been in the Uusimaa and Helsinki constituencies.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Before the regional donations, support for the centre's predecessor Agrarian League was very high in the eastern constituency of Vyborg County.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The colonisation of settlers caused changes in the political power relations of many municipalities in the more western Finland.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Electoral history Parliamentary elections Centre participated in the 1983 parliamentary election together with the Liberal People's Party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

[59] The Centre has been the largest party in Parliament in the parliamentary elections of 1929, 1948, 1962, 1991, 2003, 2007 and 2015.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the first parliamentary elections in 1907, the predecessors of the current party gained nine MPs.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the subsequent parliamentary elections, support grew in election after election at first slowly, but in 1912 and 1917 the party increased its support by several percentage points.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Prior to World War II, support for the party peaked in the late 1920s, followed by a drop in support in the 1930s.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

From the post-World War II period until the early 1960s, support was again higher.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Between 1970 and 1987, the party's vote share remained below 18%.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

This was the last time popular support had been in the 1910s.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

At its lowest, support was only 16.41% in the 1972 election.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 1991 parliamentary elections, the Centre gained what is known as a bloodstacking election victory and became the largest party in the country.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

However, in the subsequent parliamentary elections in 1995, the party's support dropped, leaving it as the second largest party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 1999 parliamentary elections, centrist support rose again, but it failed to emerge past the SDP as the largest party.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the early 2000s, the Centre managed in two consecutive parliamentary elections (2003 and 2007) to be the largest party in parliament.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

This was the first time the Centre Party was the largest party in parliament in two consecutive elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

However, rising to become the largest party in parliament and remaining you was followed by an extremely drastic electoral defeat when in the 2011 elections its seat count fell to 16 seats and support to 15.77%, which has been the party's smallest since the 1917 election.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Centre has gained 35 MPs since the last time it was in the 1972 election.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 2015 parliamentary election, the Centre gained a large electoral victory and 49 MPs entered parliament.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The Centre is the best-performing party in the 21st century so far in elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Local elections In municipal elections Centre was the largest party in 2000.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The proportion of local councillors received by the centre is higher than that of the party, especially in small municipalities.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Small municipalities have fewer suffragettes per one municipal councillor from which this mismatch is formed.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Downtown has lost three consecutive local elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

However, the result of municipal elections 2012 of 18.7% is clearly better than centrist support in the previous parliamentary elections, 2011.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

European Parliament elections The parliament elected Finnish representatives to the European Parliament for the years 1995—96, when the Centre won five seats.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Since then, representatives have been elected.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the 1996, 1999 and 2004 elections, the Centre won four representative seats and three seats in the 2009 and 2014 elections.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Centrists are members of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ELDR) group in Parliament.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Presidential elections The centrist presidents have been Lauri Kristian Relander, Kyösti Kallio and Urho Kekkonen.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Among them, Relander was chosen on the first attempt and Kallio on the second.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Kekkonen was also elected by a second attempt for president; he was then nominated three more times after being elected at all times.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

After Kekkonen's long term as president, Johannes Virolainen, Paavo Väyrynen (three times), Esko Aho and Matti Vanhanen (twice) have run for president.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

However, they have been defeated in elections by SDP and Coalition candidates.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

In the presidential elections held during the direct popular election, Aho has been the only candidate for President of the Centre Centre to reach the second round.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Notable Politicians Chairmen and Party Secretaries Chairmen The following lists the Chairmen of the Centre of Finland and its predecessors with terms of office.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The current chairman, Juha Sipilä, is the 14th chairman in order.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

The following lists the secretaries of the Agrarian League, Centre Party and the Centre Party of Finland with terms of office starting with Väinö Kaasalainen.


Question: When was the Agrarian League founded

Centre of Finland

Kaasalainen was the Executive Director of the Agrarian League; the others have been party secretaries.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Presidents Lauri Kristian Relander, youngest president in Finnish history from 1925 to 1931 Kyösti Kallio, President during the Winter War 1937—1940 Urho Kekkonen, longest-serving president in 1956—1982 Prime Ministers Kyösti Kallio (4 times: 1922—1924, 1925—1926, 1929—1930 and 1936 —1937) Juho Sunila (2 times: 1927—1928 and 1931—1932) Urho Kekkonen (5 times: 1950—1951, 1951, 1951—1953, 1953 and 1954—1956) Vieno Johannes Sukselainen (2 times: 1957 and 1959—1961) Martti Miettunen (3 times: 1961—1962, 1975—1976 and 1976—1977) Ahti Karjalainen (2 times: 1962 and 1970—1971) Johannes Virolainen (1 time: 1964—1966) Esko Aho (1 time: 1991—1995) Anneli Jäätteenmäki (1 time: 2003) Matti Vanhanen (2 times: 2003—2007 and 2007—2010) Mari Kiviniemi (1 time: 2010—2011) Juha Sipilä (1 time: 2015—) Kristian Relander, 1919—1920 Kyösti Kallio, 1920—1921, 1922, 1924—1925, 1927—1928, 1929 and 1930—1936 J. E. Sunila, 1930 Urho Kekkonen, 1948—1950 V. J. Sukselainen, 1956—1957, 1958, 1968—1970 and 1972—1976 Kauno Kleemola, 1962—1965 Johannes Virolainen, 1966—1968 and 1979—1983 Ahti Pekkala, 1978—1979 Esko Aho, 1991 Anneli Jäätteenmäki, 2003 Timo Kalli, 2007 Juha Sipilä, 2015 State Counsellors E. Y. Pehkonen, 1948 Martti Miettunen, 1977 Johannes Virolainen, 1989 European Parliamentarians Sirkka-Liisa Anttila (1996—1999) Timo Järvilahti (1995— 1996) Anneli Jäätteenmäki (2004—) Elsi Katainen (2018—) Riikka Pakarinen (2009—2014) Seppo Pelttari (1995—96) Samuli Pohjamo (1999—2004, 2007—2009) Olli Rehn (1995—96, 2014—2015) Mirja Ryynänen (1995—1999) Hannu Takkula (2004—2014, 2015—2018) Mirja Vehkaperä (2018— ) Kyösti Virrankoski (1996—2009) Paavo Väyrynen (1995—2007, 2014—2018) Samuli Pohjamo rose to the European Parliament from deputy office twice: in spring 1999 to replace Sirkka-Liisa Anttila, who was elected MP, and Paavo Väyrysen, who was elected minister in spring 2007.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Olli Rehn served as EU Commissioner for Industry and Enterprise in 2004, Enlargement Commissioner from 2004 to 2010, and Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner from 2010 to 2014.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

See also Centre Parliamentary Group List of MPs: Agrarian League, Centre Party and Centre Party of Finland Category:Finnish Central Politicians Other centrist, social liberal or agrarian parties in the Nordic and Baltic countries:: Centre of Åland () : Union Party (): Atassut (): Progress Party (): Latvian Farmers' Union (): Liberal and centrist alliance (): Centre Party (): Centre Party (): Venstre (): Estonian Centre Party () Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aho, Esko| title = Waking World: The 90th Anniversary Book| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book group| year = 1996| id = ISBN 951-26-4169-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Antila, Jaakko Olavi| title = “Politics is in the Church”: The formation of the church political objectives of the Centre Party in 1966—1978| location = Helsinki| publisher = Church Historical Society of Finland| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-952-5031-57-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kalliokoski, Matti ja Allonen, Pekka| title = Hundred image from center| location = Helsinki| publisher = Country spirit| year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-5328-83-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kärriäinen, Seppo| title = What you sow: Strategic choices in the centre 1964—2001| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| = 2002| id = ISBN 951-20-6372-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salokangas, Raimo| title = Arms of the Party: Birth of the Agrarian newspaper press and its position in the party and newspaper market 1906-1916| location = Vammala| publisher = Historical Society of Finland | year = 1982| id = ISBN 951-9254-34-X}} Agraria-Centre History Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hakalehto, Ilkka| title = Agraria-Centre Party History 1.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Agrarian Autonomy during 1906—1917| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book Consortium| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-26-2910-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Milly, Juhani| title = History of the Agrarian Centre Party 2.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Agrarian League 1918—1939| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book group| year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-26-3035-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hokkanen, Kari| title = History of Agrarian Centre 3.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Agrarian War and Danger in 1939—1950| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1996| id = ISBN 951-1-14523-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hokkanen, Kari| title = Agrarian Center History 4.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Kekkonen Agrarian Association 1950—1962| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-1-18339-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Isohookana-Asunmaa, Tytti| title = Agrarian Town History 5.


Question: When was Agrarian founded?

Centre of Finland

Agrarian League Centre Party 1963—1981| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-0-32695-X}} On topic elsewhere * Category:Liberal Democratic Party of Europe Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was Claudette Colbert's last film?

Claudette Colbert filmography

During her career spanning 55 years (1923—1965; 1974—1987), Claudette Colbert (1903—1996) starred in over 80 film and television productions.


Question: What was Claudette Colbert's last film?

Claudette Colbert filmography

The following list includes all of his film, television and theatre appearances.


Question: What was Claudette Colbert's last film?

Claudette Colbert filmography

In addition, the article includes Colbert's awards and award nominations.


Question: What was Claudette Colbert's last film?

Claudette Colbert filmography

Movies Television Theatre Awards and Award Nominations Footnotes Sources Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Claudette Colbert's last film?

Claudette Colbert filmography

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was Claudette Colbert's last film?

Claudette Colbert filmography

Colbert


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968 was the result of an attempt to liberate itself from Stalinism and find a more independent role in the Soviet-led communist bloc during the Cold War.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Similar companies also existed in other countries in the bloc.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The experiment in “human-faced” socialism respecting human rights (Prague Spring) was broken in Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact forces on 21 August.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia was “normalised”, meaning the reforms were cancelled and the country's Communist Party was firmly restored to a Moscow-led line.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev justified the Warsaw Pact occupation by the fact that when socialism is threatened in one socialist country, the issue is not only for this country to decide, but for all socialist countries.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Brezhnev's pronouncement became a well-known foreign policy doctrine, the Brežnev Doctrine.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Background: Stalinism and nationality problems The events leading up to the Czechoslovak crisis began in the 1960s from a belated reckoning with the terror of Josif Stalin's time and the issue was also linked to nationality disagreements between the President of Czechoslovakia and the President of the Communist Party (TKP) Antonín Novotný's centralized power more tightly into his own hands in Prague.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[1] Starting in 1963, Slovak political leaders, press and cultural circles attacked with astonishing courage against Stalinism, raising nasty questions for the political leadership of the country about the methods used in the recent past.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[2] The leader of the reform movement, Slovak party leader Alexander Dubček, wanted to right the “terrible wrongs” which had been inflicted by the “heavy repressive machinery that had been burdened by the country since the Communist Party's rise to power”.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

According to him, the whole earth sighed as if under a heavy rock.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[3] Novotný tried several times over the next few years to move aside his critic, but Dubček's position in Slovakia was strong and Novotný was not successful in his intentions.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[4] Debate on the need for reforms also gradually spread to the Czech writer and journalist circles as well as the party.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The Assembly of the Writers' Union was held in Prague in 1967, where later novelist Milan Kundera, who achieved world fame, rose to prominence as an ardent opponent of Stalinism.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

A clash between reformists and Stalinists inside the TKP was now inevitable.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

In the autumn, there was a heated debate in the Central Committee of the TKP over all the main points of the dispute between the two sides, which according to Dubček were the economy, cultural climate and relations between Czechs and Slovaks.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[5] At the end of 1967, party leader and president Novotný quickly lost his position.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

In January 1968, the TKP elected Dubček as its new Secretary-General.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[6] Economic reformer Ota Šik was named deputy prime minister.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

In March, the reformist Ludvík Svoboda became president.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Began the period of implementation of “human-faced socialism” proclaimed by Dubček, also known as the Prague Spring.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[7] Prague Spring: crisis arises The aim of planning and implementing reforms was to maintain the leading role of the Communist Party in them all the time.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

It is therefore doubtful whether the cultural-climate release that was originally the Dubčekinka plan.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

After all, he already assured Leonid Brezhnev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (NKP), that no sudden changes were coming.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[8] On the other hand, according to Dubček, Brežnev did not even understand the social, economic and political factors at the heart of the matter.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

He looked at the issues purely as a personal sleight of hand by senior party officials.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[9] As the spring of 1968, Dubček was faced with the facts that had happened many times.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

A free civil society quickly emerged in the country.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

In practice, censorship and various associations based on people's own initiative activities, as well as party organisations, began to emerge without obtaining or acquiring authorisation from the Communist Party.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The new Speaker of the National Assembly, Oldřich Černík, also announced that he would make Czechoslovakia a real parliament, which was already a contradictory goal in a one-party system from its starting point.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[10] One of the key demands of the reform movement was the restoration of honour for victims of the Stalinist purges enforced after 1948.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[11] In the Soviet Union, as well as other Eastern Bloc countries, the development of Czechoslovakia was viewed with concern.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The Prague Spring was also feared to resonate among citizens of other Eastern European countries and bring difficulties for their leaders.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[12] In addition to the Soviet leadership, the leaders of Poland and East Germany in particular viewed the reform movement with scepticism.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

In Poland, too, there was more small-scale movement over the summer.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

At the same time, the communication between the communist leaders of the Eastern Bloc began to deteriorate.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[13] When the manifesto “Two Thousand Words” by prominent cultural influencer and journalist Ludvík Vaculík was published in Prague on 27 June, in which he declared the people's self-esteem and character lost under the communist regime, it was considered that in the Soviet Union the situation had already slipped away from the government out of control.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[14] In July, the Soviet Union and its satellites Bulgaria, the German Democratic Republic, Poland and Hungary sent a warning known as the Warsaw Letter to Czechoslovak leaders.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The main idea of the letter was to recall the Warsaw Pact, its military power existed and to warn against democracy, that is, above all, to call after the survival of the one-party system [13].


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

On 29 July, four days of negotiations between TKP and NKP began in Čierna nad Tissou, Czechoslovakia, in which the TKP leadership was pressured to bridle the “counter-revolutionary” forces, which meant, from Moscow's point of view, all free civic action by Czechoslovaks.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

For example, the Social Democratic Party was required to be banned and censorship restored.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[15] A few days later the meeting was held in Bratislava with the forces of the Warsaw Pact, but conflicts still remained.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[16] In July and August, massive maneuvers in the Soviet Union, Poland and the German Democratic Republic were held in July and August.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[17] The final decision to initiate the occupation emerged during a secret three-day meeting of the NKP Politburo in mid-August.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[18] Autumn of Prague A huge war force of five Warsaw Pact countries crossed the border with Czechoslovakia late in the evening of August 20th.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Along with the Soviet Union, Polish, East German, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops participated in the action.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Rather loosely in Moscow's grip, Romania was not involved.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Even in the early stages, an army of as much as 25 divisions strong was involved in the offensive.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

In total, 350000—500,000 men participated in the operation, with 5000 battle tanks and 250 transport aircraft as their equipment.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[19] [20] Soviet oznaz and spetsnaz commandos are operating for the first time in Europe.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

KGB special forces agents had already infiltrated the country in early August.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The actual troops had been flown as tourists to Czechoslovakia just prior to the invasion and were acting in support of the landing force, securing Prague Airport.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[21] After the occupation began, the Czechoslovak government issued orders not to engage in resistance and also called on the people to calm.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Thus, Warsaw Pact forces took control over the next day strategic sites in the country without encountering any mentionable military resistance.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Admittedly dozens of people died in the skirmishes that arose in different parts.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[22] [20] During the morning, KGB agents saw to it that the main Reform Line men were captured and isolated.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[23] In the official voice supporter of the NKP, Pravda, a “petition of the Czechoslovaks” for help legitimising the occupation was published.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

However, things did not quite go according to the occupiers” plans.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Following the start of the occupation, Czech co-operatives failed to formally oust Dubček and legally establish a junta.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

In Prague and elsewhere, the population settled into well-organised passive resistance.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

It seemed that disciplinary recovery, carried out on hard grips, would self-evidently not succeed.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Because of this, the Soviet leadership was mired in an impromptu operation in which TKP's reform leaders still had a stake.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[24] The isolated Dubček and the rest of the leadership were transported to Moscow for the so-called Moscow talks, where President Svoboda came on his own initiative.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

During the “negotiations” that took place, TKP leaders were practically imprisoned.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The NKP leadership pressured them into a declaration that would have recognised the counter-revolution and stated that Warsaw Pact troops had entered the country at the request of the Czechoslovaks.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

This, despite the difficult situation, was not agreed to.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[25] A statement passing under the name of the Moscow Agreement, Dubček and other leaders of the party were forced to sign as a sample that divisions within the socialist camp were not insurmountable.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

A complete Moscow-imposed junta in Czechoslovakia was presented as an alternative.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[26] According to the Treaty of Moscow, Warsaw Pact troops remained in the country until further notice and the country's leadership returned to Prague.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The occupation led to a gradual “normalization” of Czechoslovakia, that is, the cancellation of reforms.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Almost the only reform during the Prague Spring that remained permanent was the division of the country into two states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The leadership of TKP was progressively ousted.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Dubček was expelled from the party leadership in 1969 and from the party in 1970.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The party fell firmly on the line derived from Moscow.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

The leader of the party became Gustáv Husák, who, like Dubček, was Slovak.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[27] Reactions to the occupation Western European communist parties, which later came to be referred to as Eurocommunist, openly condemned Soviet action.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Chairman of the Communist Party of Sweden C.-H. Hermansson even called for his country's government to sever diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[28] Nor did Romanian President Nicolae Ceaușescu accept the occupation of Czechoslovakia and Albania, led by Enver Hoxha, even resigned in protest from the Warsaw Pact.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Of the communist parties in Western European countries, only the Communist parties of Luxembourg, West Germany and Greece lent their support to the occupation.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[29] The Portuguese Communist Party in exile also supported the occupation.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

French Defence Minister Michel Debré characterised the occupation as “a road accident on the road of slimming.”


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[30] Reactions in Finland towards events in Prague sealed a divide in the People's Democratic Movement, and in particular the Communist Party of Finland (SKP), which split between the majority that condemned Soviet action and the pro-Soviet opposition, i.e. the Taisists, who supported the occupation.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[31] SKP Chairman Aarne Saarinen and Secretary-General Ville Pessi received an invitation to the Soviet Embassy on the evening of 20 August.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

There, Saarinen and Pess were informed that the Soviet Union, together with its allies East Germany, Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria, would take military measures in Czechoslovakia “in defence of socialism”.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Saarinen said in her memoirs that she stayed up all the next night.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[32] After the occupation took place, the party leadership of the SKP cancelled the party's 50th anniversary celebrations, which had been scheduled for 25 August, and issued a statement that the actions of the Warsaw Pact countries were “damaging the international labour movement”.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

A tougher statement from the SKDL leadership condemned the use of violence as a vessel for policy.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[33] Other prominent Finnish parties, for foreign policy reasons, did not openly condemn the occupation, or at least not a statement.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Nor did the Koivisto government take a position on the events.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[34] For President Urho Kekkonen, the occupation itself was a shock.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Even more, however, he was shocked when Andrei Kovaljov, the then Soviet ambassador to Helsinki, claimed to Kekkonen that Warsaw Pact forces had marched into Czechoslovakia at the request of the country's government.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Kekkonen felt that he had such good relations with the Soviet leadership that he should not have been lied to.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Aleksei Kosygin, the Soviet Premier who arrived in Finland in October, said to Kekkonen the occupation of Czechoslovakia was primarily security political in nature.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

On the other hand, US diplomat George F. Kennan, who was on a presentation trip in Helsinki just when the occupation took place, predicted in his meeting with Kekkonen the events in Czechoslovakia would mark the beginning of the end of the international communist movement.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[35] In a one-on-one meeting, Ambassador Andrei Kovaljov raised his objections to Aarne Saarinen that SKP Vice-President Erkki Salomaa had publicly said that the Soviet Union had occupied Czechoslovakia.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Kovalyov tried to mitigate the nature of the occupation, saying that Soviet troops had not been accommodated in Czechoslovakia's own garrisons, but in their own tents.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

Saarinen replied to Kovaljov that “if your tanks were to slip from beyond that border into Finland and settled, for example, in the Guards barracks yard or Kasarmintori without the official invitation of our country, it would be a military occupation.”


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[36] The Swedish Minister of Education and subsequent Prime Minister, Olof Palme, who sharply criticized the Vietnam War, also condemned in strong words the occupation of Czechoslovakia.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

For this, the then Finnish ambassador to Stockholm, Ralph Enckell, who became known for his sarcastic comments, had the subject of stating in an oval tone that “Finland tends to manage its relations with both East and West equally, Sweden equally badly”.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

[37] Large anti-occupation demonstrations soon arose in Helsinki in front of the Soviet embassy.


Question: Did the Congo crisis involve wars?

1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia

See also Hungarian uprising East German uprising Polish martial law Sources Category:Cold War Category:Soviet politics Class:History of Czechoslovakia Category:1968 Category:Key articles of screening Category:Bulgarian politics Category:Hungarian politics Category:Politics


Question: When was Finland's first motorway completed?

Motorway

A motorway is a road for rapid movement solely for motor vehicle traffic.