Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

It has been claimed that in 1948 he was arrested by Stalin on suspicion of being a spy for the English, which, although in reality, was unlikely.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

In 1952, Voroshilov was appointed a member of the presidium.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

Stalin's death caused major changes in the Soviet leadership, and in March 1953 Voroshilov was appointed Speaker of the Presidium, a predominantly nominal post.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

Nikita Khrushchev was general secretary of NKP and Georgi Malenkov was Prime Minister.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

Voroshilov, Khrushchev and Malenkov orchestrated the 1953 arrest and execution of Lavrenti Berija.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

After Khrushchev's criticism of Stalin 1956, Voroshilov joined the Stalinist fraction with Lazar Kaganovich, Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgi Malenkov to oust Khrushchev from power.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

The intention was to replace Khrushchev, who turned against the armed forces, with Nikolai Bulganin in 1957, but Voroshilov soon switched sides and supported Khrushchev.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

Kliment Vorošilov made an official visit to Finland in August 1956.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

At the beginning of the Brezhnev period, a new ascent on May 7, 1960, the Supreme Soviet approved Vorošilov's “request to retire”.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

At the same time, the Supreme Council elected Leonid Brezhnev as President of the Council.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

The Central Committee also relieved Vorošilov of his responsibilities at the Presidium on 16 July.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

At the XXII Party Conference in October 1961, he was also exempt from the election of the Central Committee.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

After Khrushchev lost his power in 1964, Brezhnev again elevated Voroshilov to the role of figurehead.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

He was re-elected to the Central Committee in 1966 and received his second title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1968.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

Voroshilov died in Moscow in 1969.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

He is buried off the Kremlin Wall.


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

Other units named after Voroshilov were KV-series tanks in World War II and two cities: Voroshilovgrad in Ukraine (now Luhansk) and Voroshilov in the Russian Far East (now Ussuriysk).


Question: Why did Lavrenti Berija serve Josif Stalin?

Kliment Voroshilov

Sources Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union Class:Bolsheviks Category:Soviet Marshal Class:Heads of State of the USSR Category:Presidents of the Bureau of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Category:Soviet ministers Category:Socialist heroes of work Category:Those born in 1881 Class:Those who died in 1969 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Conifers are a group of plants belonging to bare-seeded seed plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Conifers are perennial woody and most often alwaysgreen plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[1] The leaves of coniferous trees are typically narrow needles, but scab-like and wider leaves are also found on conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Conifers do not have flowers; instead, inflorescences called pine cones are formed by mere fruit leaves settled around the ranga or emape leaves called pineal scales on their supporting leaves.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The mother trees, or actual pine cones, are often dry and numb when ripe on coniferous trees, but they can also be soft and juicy like the fruits of cop-seeded plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The wood material consists of special tube cells, which are ringporous and from which annual cartilages are formed.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Conifers are known depending on definitions between 600 and 650 species, typically divided into six tribes.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[2] [1] Conifers are an economically important group of plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

They make up a significant part of the raw materials of the world's sawmill industry and especially the paper industry.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] Description Conifers are perennial woody plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

They are often large sized trees, but can also be bush-like or sparrow-like, like some junipers growing downland.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[1] [4] [5] Among the ancient conifers known from fossils, there are also some species considered to be grass artifacts.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[6] In woody conifers, the trunk is often straight and erect, as well as the branches horizontally grating, giving many conifers a regular conical crown shape.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[1] [4] Conifers are typically alwayshaft, [1] but the group also includes seasonal representatives such as larches and favorypresses.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[4] Most conifers also crop their lateral shoots along with their old leaves.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] The wood material of coniferous trees consists mainly of hollow tube cells carrying water, namely tracheids [7] [8], unlike cop-seeded hardwoods, which have larger tubes formed from multiple coalesced cells in wood.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[9] There are ring pores between the tube cells.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] [10] The wood material may additionally contain transverse core beams and longitudinal strands consisting of a blunt lock, as well as often resin ducts.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] [11] In conifers, the reaction tree formed due to stress is compression wood, or lyly, formed by compressive stress on the side of the trunk or branch, as opposed to cop-seeded hardwoods which form pull-wood on the opposite side of the tensile stress.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[12] [13] [14] All conifers form fungal roots, or mycorrhizea, together with symbiotic fungi.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] Fungal roots of coniferous trees are often infungal roots, or endomycorrhizas, where fungal mycelium permeates the cell walls of the plant roots, but in the pine family, fungal roots are surface mushroom roots, or ectomycorrhizas.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] [11] Conifers often have an upward uniformly tapering conical canopy.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Most conifers are alwaysgreenish and overwinter with foliage.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The mammoth predator is one of the most large size of the tree species.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The wood material of coniferous trees consists largely of hollow tube cells.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Leaves The main connecting organs of conifers are leaves.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The leaves are typically narrow needles, but other leaf forms also occur, such as the scaly leaves common especially on cypress plants and podcarpus plants, and the larger flat leaves of some podocarp plants and araukaria plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

On many conifers, the early leaves of a young plant are needle-like, but the late leaves of the older plant are scaly.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[1] [4] [7] [15] Shade firs and blade trees serve as the primary communicating organs, rather than vestigial leaves, broadly flat leafy green shoots, or flat-leaf stems.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[4] [7] There is also one conifer species that does not need to connect; podori (Parasitaxus usta) is a parasitic plant unique among bare-seeded plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] A conifer leaf often has only one leaf vein called a medium vein, but wider leaves may also be silposuonic, resulting in several veins in parallel.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] [16] [17] The veins are formed by one or more conductor tendons surrounding the transfusion cell.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The conductor tendons consist mainly of a tree cell and an ankle cell formed by tube cells, while the surrounding transfusion cell consists of blunt cells and short tube cells.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] [11] [18] [19] The cord tendons and the transfusion cell are surrounded by the leaf-green part of the leaf, or mesophyll, consisting of predominantly branched flesh blunt cells in conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Many conifers in the mesophyll also have resin ducts.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The surface of the leaf is formed by a wax layer, or a cuticle protected by an epidermis, and a hypoderm that often contains reinforcing cells that stiffen the leaf.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The surface of the leaf is pierced by air gaps that allow gas exchange in the plant, and in some conifers also resin cysts secreting resin.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] [11] [18] Many always-hated conifers have features that reduce water evaporation typical of drying plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Narrow leaves have a relatively small surface area relative to their volume, the surface is often covered by a thick cuticle, or a layer of wax, and air gaps are often depressed deep into the surface structure.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[18] The leaves of pine plants are typically needle-like.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Cypress plants often have small lapping scaly leaves.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Araukaria plants often have larger flat leaves like the kauri in the picture.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Needle-like early leaves (left) and scaly late leaves (right) in Chinese juniper.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Inflorescences Conifers are bare-seeded plants whose inflorescences are cones in structure.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The inflorescences of coniferous trees are normally singular, [1] [3] in which case they can be divided into staminate cones [20] and mother cones, i.e. actual cones.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[21] [22] Coniferous cones or parts thereof are sometimes referred to as flowers, but in precise definition conifers as bare-seeded plants do not have flowers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[23] The coniferous staminate cone consists of fruit leaves settled around the inflorescence spine.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The pollen-producing dust trays located on the abaxial, or underside, of the fruit leaf.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] There are characteristic air cavities in pollen particles of pine plants and podocarus plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] [11] The coniferous mother cone, or cone, basically consists of the scale-like enamel leaves settled around the inflorescence spine and their bracts called quilt bracts.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Seed motifs develop directly on the surface of cone enamel leaves, as with other bare-seeded plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

However, there are considerable differences in the structure of cones between different coniferous groups.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

For example, on pine plants, numbed enamel and thin quilt bracts stand out as distinctly separate parts in the pine cone, whereas in cypress plants the pistil and quilt bracts are fully coalesced.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

On several conifers, the cone has atrophied to single-seeded.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

These types of cones on podocarus plants and yew plants usually develop as the seed ripens into fleshy structures resembling the fruits of cope-seeded plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] [4] The pine cone consists of numbed enamel and thin quilt bracts.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The cone of a cypress plant usually consists of pineal scales formed by coalescent parent and quilt veins.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The pine scales of the yew plant have atrophied, and the sole seed is surrounded by a fleshy seed sheath.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The fleshy part of the pine cone of a podocarpus plant can be formed by both coalescent blanket bracts and the sheath surrounding the seed.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Development History Conifers have evolved from early seed plants that lived in the Paleozoic World Period.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Known from these especially from the Early Coal Age, the order Cordaitales has often been suspected to contain stem forms of conifers, and sometimes the plants in the group have themselves been classified as conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] [6] The oldest known conifer is often considered to be the species Swillingtonia denticulata known from Late Coal Age fossils around 315 million years old.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Another very early conifer is Thucydia mahoningensis, which lived just over 300 million years ago.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

It has been interpreted as a small tree whose erect trunk grew horizontally branching branches covered by short needle-like leaves.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Different from contemporary conifers, the tree produced multiples of cones where the larger cone consisted of more small cones.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Swillington has been described from a more concise and poorly-preserved material, but has been suggested to have been similar.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

These late Coal Age trees are often considered representatives of the line of development that led to contemporary conifers, although they are traditionally classified within the separate order Voltziales.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[6] [24] [25] From the Coal Age to the Permian and Triassic, conifers became substantially sorted and diversified.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The diverse group of Triastric conifers included not only always-haired trees and shrubs living in a wide variety of habitats, but also cool-climate seasonal trees such as Telemachus, [26] as well as fast-growing grasses such as Aethophyllum.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[6] [27] The wood material, leaves and staminate cones of these ancient conifers were often very similar to those of the present ones, but their mother beds were still multiples.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Scientists have suggested the simpler pineal scales of existing conifers evolved from the multi-coloured structures of these types of cones.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[6] In the Mesozoic World Period, plants belonging to current coniferous tribes appear in fossil material.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The boundary draw between existing conifer groups and prehistoric groups is not unequivocal, and for example the Triassic genus Parasciadopitys has sometimes been considered the oldest known representative of a tribe of cypress plants, [6] but in other interpretations it is classified within the order Voltziales.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[28] By the Cretaceous at the latest, however, all six generally accepted current conifer tribes unquestionably existed and the cones serving as their main distinguishing signs had largely evolved into their present form.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] [6] With the increasing prevalence of coppic-seeded, or flowering plants, from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic period, conifers have become less common.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Flowering plants have been able to adapt, evolve and sort conifers more quickly.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

As a result, flowering plants have largely displaced conifers from many habitats, and completely replaced conifers as plants in steppe areas, for example.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Existing conifers often grow in marginal habitats, in conditions that are too cold or nutrient-poor for flowering plants of comparable size.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[29] Over 300 million years old, Dorycordaites sometimes belong to the order Cordaitales, considered the oldest conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Around 300 million years ago, Walchia belongs to the order Voltziales of early conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Fronds of the genus Brachyphyllum have been variously shown to belong to araucaria plants and the family Cheirolepidiaceae.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Around 160 million years old, Araucaria mirabilis belongs to the now-living genus of araucarias.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Classification Conifers are bare-seeded seed plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The exact position of the group depends on the classification used.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Coniferous trees have been treated, among others, as tribe Coniferae, order Coniferales, class Pinopsida and arc Pinophyta.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

In the current cladistic classification, the coniferous group might be referred to as Pinidae or Coniferales.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[1] [3] According to several genetic studies, tribes traditionally considered conifers are not actually a coherent group and thus do not form a scientific taxon at all.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

In many research results, the bare-seeded plant sect Gnetales, which has not traditionally been considered coniferous, ranks the coniferous pine plant tribe as a sister group between pine plants and other conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

In this case, conifers would not be a single-born, or monophyletic group according to the current classification, without plants of the order Gnetales.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] [11] [7] Some researchers have therefore defined plants in the Gnetales group as conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] Sects and tribes The conifers living today are divided into six tribes according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, which developed the classification of plants.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The following diagram shows their kinship relationships.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[2] Pine plants are distinctly different in lineage and appearance from all other conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The pine plant tribe is the most basal of the current coniferous tribes, which means it separated from the common line of development of conifers first.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[2] [11] There are several views among scholars regarding the division of conifers into sects.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

In the classification used by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, plant tribes traditionally included in conifers are divided into two sects; the order Pinales includes only the tribe of pine plants [11] and the large order Cupressales includes all other five coniferous tribes.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[7] In some classifications, the closely related araucaria plants and podocarp plants have been separated from the order Cupressales into a separate order Araucariales.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[1] In the second classifications, all coniferous tribes living today are included in the order Pinales.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[30] There are also differing views on the number of coniferous tribes.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

For example, a genus of grapes (Cephalotaxus) may be separated from yew plants into a separate family of Cephalotaxaceae, or a genus of blade trees (Phyllocladus) can be separated from podocladaceae from podocladaceae.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

In addition, genera in the current family of cypress plants were commonly divided into the family of cypress plants and the favorypress plant family (Taxodiaceae) until genetic studies proved the division to be unjustified.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[1] [31] Fossil conifer groups In addition to the tribes that live today, several prehistoric plants known from fossils have been classified within conifers that resembled the present conifers structurally and morphologically, but do not clearly belong to any current conifer tribe.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

For example, Cheirolepidiaceae is a family of plants that lived in the Mesozoic World Period and is considered quite unanimously among scientists to belong to conifers, as the plants in the family resemble a great deal in external characteristics and structure, especially araucaria plants and cypress plants of tribal conifers.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

However, representatives of the family Cheirolepidiaceae distinguish themselves as their own group from these existing coniferous tribes that existed already in the Mesozoic period due to their unique complex pollen structure as well as their exceptionally thick cuticula.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[6] Voltziales are a large group of bare-seeded plants of the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic period, traditionally classified as a separate order from contemporary conifers, but representing the stem forms of existing conifers in the opinion of several scientists.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Plants classified in the Voltziales group resemble contemporary conifers in many ways, but differ markedly in favor of the structure of the multiplier of the mother tree.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Many researchers believe the simpler pine scales of existing conifers evolved from the multiple-coloured structures of these cones.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[3] [6] [32] Cordaitales are another set of mainly bare-seeded plants of the Paleozoic period, which are also considered by some scientists to be stem forms of coniferous trees, while other researchers consider them to represent a distinct line of development from coniferous trees.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

The plants of the Cordaitales group resemble contemporary conifers structurally, but differ markedly in favor of the structure of both their staminate and mother cones.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[33] [34] Distribution Conifers occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Conifers are particularly dominant in the cool-temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, which is often referred to as the northern coniferous zone.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

However, only a small proportion of coniferous species grow in the cool-temperate climate region, as species abundance is highest in the highlands of subtropical and tropical zones.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

[29] Four species grow wild in Finland: pine pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies), juniper (Juniperus communis) and European yew (Taxus baccata), and among others Siberian larch (Larix sibirica), European larch (Larix decidua), sembra pine (Pinus harpsichord), Thuja occidentalis, Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica).


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Farjon, Aljos| title = A Handbook of the World's Conifers: Revised and Updated Edition| location = Leiden| publisher = Brill| year= 2017| id = ISBN 9789004324510| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for in File namespace.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 15—44}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sharp, Eija and Heather, Eira| title = Plant anatomy | location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2008| isbn = 978-951-37-5296-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Taylor, Thomas N.; Krings, Michael and Taylor, Edith L.| title= Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants| publisher = Academic Press| year = 2009| isbn=978-0-12-373972-8| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How many species belong to seed plants?

Conifers

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 788—871}} References * Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

Maa is power is the 6th studio album by Kauko Röökkä & Nartu.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

It was released in both LP and CD formats in 1985.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

The latter also includes the singles tracks “Shit City” and “Waste”.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

Due to the gig popularity of Lauralle album, Kauko Rökä & Narttu got to hear that they were a girls' band.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

In return, the band decided to make their next record rougher “meaning more surly rock and cynical lyrics.”


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

The band had finally reached the kind of status where they could boast their northern roots.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

For the album's cover art, Mattila and Rupple first look for a cheap, nature-themed painting “that would, in some suitably vague way, have brought to mind the old-time North.”


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

Mattila, however, saw a story in Ilta-Sanomat about two Oulu boys who had saved a disabled person from drowning in a flood ditch.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

The second boy in the photograph had looked like a crook and closed, and the jacket was like straight out of the 1960s.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

The back cover was the map of Pellon Orajärvi, because the writer Timo K. Mukka, who was inspired by the boyhood years of Rökökka, was from Orajärvi.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

[1] A remastered CD version of the album was released in 2000.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

Songs Compositions and lyrics Kauko Röökä, arrangements Kauko Ruukä & Narttu.


Question: Which band's song is Earth Is Power?

Earth is strength

B-side 1987 CD edition Composition Jarmo Heikkinen — guitar (with CD bonuses) Riku Mattila — guitar Jari Paulamäki — bass Kauko Röökä — vocals, guitar Heikki Tikka — drums, backing vocals and organ Production Juha Heininen — recording artist, mixer Mats Huldén — producer Jani — cover Harri Nurminen — photo Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Kauko Röökka's albums Category:1985 albums


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Movement (sometimes Lapuan movement) was a Finnish right-wing radical [1] anti-communist popular movement influenced between 1929 and 1932.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In its initial phase, the movement was pan-bourgeois in nature, but after achieving its primary objective, the prohibition of communist activities, the movement became radicalized and lost the support of the Agrarian and moderate right.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua movement ceased after the failed Mäntsälä Rebellion (27 February — 6 March 1932), after it had failed to overthrow the legitimate government.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The political programme of the movement was continued by the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) from 1932 to 1944.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Main features of the movement's background and development The movement said that the cornered party politicking had poisoned the state atmosphere and caused parties to forget about the interests of the Motherland and Finns.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In place of the “rampant” parliamentarianism, firm governmental powers had to be replaced by the Lapuan Lieuto Ry, among other things, proposed majority elections.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the opinion of Docent Jussi Niinistö, the Lapua Movement was the most powerful popular movement in Finnish political history, if not the most powerful in the history of Finland, since it got through all its original demands between 1929 and 1930.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the People's Movement was a “posture movement” in support of the government, but soon morphed into a protest movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement had several different means of influence.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Civic assemblies, civic embassies, delegations, demonstrations of mass power and various pleadings were peaceful modes of action of the popular movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Also influential were mounting clamping on Labour houses and “purges” of local councils, in which local councillors known as communists were pressured and intimidated into resigning from their positions of trust.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement did not curl force, which also led to the breaking of the laws.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous form of activity was the “pluses” (rides) of communists and other leftists, which were more or less violent.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those ridden ended up across the eastern border into the Soviet Union.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Under the “Lapuan Law”, in addition to illegal rides, the Lapuans committed numerous assaults and even a few murders.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[3] From the end of 1929 until the end of 1930, the Lapuan movement functioned as a spontaneous popular movement with Ostrobothnia as its staunch support area and Vihtori Kosola, a charismatic farmer, activist and peasant as its ideological leader.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Initially, the core organisation of the popular movement was Suomen Lukko, with Artturi Leinonen as its leader.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In general, the spelling lapuanmovement refers to precisely this stage of popular movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In its own time, however, the popular movement was commonly referred to as just the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In November 1930, the movement reorganized into an organisation under the name Lapua Liika Ry, which, however, still retained the proportions of a popular movement thanks to its 30000 active members.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

This organization was dissolved after the failed Mäntsälä Rebellion (27 February — 6 March 1932) on 24 March 1932.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The main difference between the Lapua Movement and the Lapua Movement was the latter's insistence on the prohibition of social democratic, that is, all remaining Marxist activities.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The original popular movement relied on so-called white labour, i.e. non-socialist laborers, especially the Cörty peasants, as well as the rest of the rural population, clergy, civil servants and other educated and civilized middle classes.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Lapuan Liika Ry, on the other hand, emerged with the gradual radicalization of the popular movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Its active adherence included the so-called upper middle class, namely senior civil servants, wealthier civilisation, more authoritative clergy, powerful military leaders, as well as industrialists and other representatives of the corporate world.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[4] The Lapuan movement took influences from various far-right parties in Europe, especially the Fascists in Italy.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Mussolini's rise to power and activities in Italy were openly admired among the Lapuans.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[5] Although the Lapuan movement was combined with the pan-European anti-communist, right-wing radical and bourgeois movement of its time, it does not always count as a right-wing radical.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Right-wing radicalism subsequently emerged from the tradition of post-activism and was represented by subsequent smaller organisations influenced from the mid-1930s onwards, which had generally emerged from the inner circle of the highly educated and many times Lapua movement in its time.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[4] At the party-political decision-level, a form of Finnish right-wing radicalism was mainly represented by the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL), which was established as an extension of the disbanded Lapua Liika Ry on 5 June 1932 in Hämeenlinna.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The ideological basis and historical background of the whole popular movement was the Finnish Civil War and other events of 1917—1918.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

After the war, it seemed that the extreme left had been wiped off the political map of Finland, and Finland's bourgeois democracy was not threatened.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Communist Party of Finland (SKP), founded in the Soviet Union, began to operate in Finland in the 1920s through the Finnish Socialist Workers' Party (SSTP) (1920-1923) and its successor Socialist Workers' and Small Farmers' Electoral Organisation (STPV) (1924—1930).


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists won 27 seats in the parliamentary elections in 1922, 18 seats in 1924, 20 seats in 1927 and 23 in 1929.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

As early as 1923, the Kallion I government had implemented the so-called “Kallio cut” and ceased operations of the SSTP, as well as arresting communist actives.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The activation of the far-left was evident in the fact that so-called white workmen, who had been icemen, tribal warriors or who had served in the war in the white forces, were forced to apologise in the labour papers for these “crimes”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The apology took place in public, usually in a communist-controlled workers' magazine.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Unless repented, had to pay fines or pressured to resign from the job.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

According to Docent Jussi Niinistö, work site terror also included violence described as an accident at work.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

He describes it this way: Similarly, Professor Juha Siltala has stated in his doctoral thesis in 1985 that the Communists, with their terror at the site, provided an effective propaganda weapon to bourgeois circles.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

For those who support white Finland in particular, humbling in the face of the “Moscow minions” was a bitter blow.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

During his graduate work in 1967, researcher Pekka Vanhala examined 482 apology cases, 40% of which were political.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In 93% of political cases, the apology was due to the worker's belonging to a patronage council.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

As many as 73% of all public apologies in Southern Ostrobothnia were from former patrons and Civil War veterans.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement later took as one of its objectives the eradication of this phenomenon known as site terror.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In addition, the communists organized strikes at factories and shipyards where commodities were produced for the needs of the state.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The defence industry, for example, was subject to strike action.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In particular, the ten-month strike of submarine manufacturer Crichton-Vulcan in Turku in 1927 heated emotions.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists received strike instructions from the Soviet Union along with monetary strike grants.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] For the emergence of the anti-communist popular movement, disputes between bourgeois parties also played a major role.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the eyes of the Lapua movement, the civil war and subsequent state, or White Finland, had been the ideal state of pan-bourgeois and national existence.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The burghers had collectively been on the verge of defeating the red danger from the east, which had been left halfway to tackling.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

White Finland, which mobilized Lapua, was an ideal state of aspiration, whereas for the centrist parties it was only a temporary transition.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the Civil War victory parade, Gustaf Mannerheim had called for firm rule and the preservation of national existence, namely White Finland, but in the view of supporters of a future popular movement, neither of these had materialised.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

After the government-style struggle, the ousting of Mannerheim from political life, the red-prisoner amnesties, minority governments of the centrist parties and various crises such as the patronage conflict, the Coalition, effectively excluded from governments entirely, was at odds with the centrist parties ( Agrarian League, National Progress Party) with.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The previously staunchly bourgeois Swedish People's Party again cooperated with the SDP and the SDP again supported centrist minority governments.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[6] This bourgeois dispersal, conflicts arising from front, class and group requests combined with the sense of danger created by the activation of communist activities and the spirit of war of liberation gave rise to the Lapua movement, when in fact, at the birth of the popular movement in 1929, the communist danger was at their very least, and the Social Democrats were already practically adapted and committed to bourgeois democracy.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[7] One of the foundations of the Lapua movement were the strike breaker organisations.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous of these was the Group Vientiraumaa led by Martti Pihkala.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

After the strike broke out, the workers of the Vientipeace quarter were brought in to do the work and the labor struggle was broken.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Ostrobothans played an active role in strike breaking activities, for example, during the hardest times of the Vient Peace during the nationwide port strike of 1928—1929, most of the strike breakers were Ostrobothians.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In Southern Ostrobothnia, Vihtori Kosola, a farmer who recruited the Civil War whites already served as a recruiter for picketers, tribal warriors and white people from the Civil War.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In addition to the Peace of Export, a well-known organization was the Finnish Patronage Association, founded by Gustaf Mannerheim and P. E. Svinhufvud, which distributed anti-communist bulletins to the press.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, anti-communist Enlightenment work was carried out by the Academic Karelia Society and the League of Independence, which broke away from it.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Perhaps the most significant organisation that contributed to the emergence of the Lapua movement was the League of Front Men of the War of Independence, whose aim was to eradicate communism and eliminate site terror.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Birth of the anti-communist popular movement Lapua Challenge party In November 1929, the Finnish Trade Union Organisation (SAJ) unsuccessfully declared a general strike in the country, with the result that the attitude atmosphere in the country quickly turned anti-communist.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[8] Members of the Communist Youth Union of Finland had begun to bully the burghers by rolling along villages in red sickle and hammer shirts, mocking independent Finland and Christian values.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] The Youth Movement was the most active and pure-learning part of the SKP, extending the spectacular activities recommended by the VI Congress of the Comintern to the core area of “white Finland”, Southern Ostrobothnia during 1929.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[9] For example, at a celebration in Kurika, Jesus was called a “hooker's penis" [8] and a large sign depicting the Soviet flag was erected at the Lapuan Workers' House, which read: “Let us strive under this flag”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[8] In Lapua, the communist Lapuan Young Workers' Study Association organized SKP on the mandate of the Vaasa headquarters from 23—24.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

November 1929, a challenge party in Lapua, whose repertoire mocked Mannerheim and independent Finland.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] As early as 23 November, local schoolboys had thrown odour bombs at the occasion and scrambled to grate red shirts off the performers.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Police interrupted the celebration before the situation was turning into an aerial brawl.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Communists who arrived on the evening train on 23 November were not allowed to land from the train and gunfire could be heard from the Workers' House.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[9] Finally the next day on November 24, about 1,000 people surrounded the Labor House.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuans marched inside the house under the leadership of Vihtori Kosola and said: “There have been enough mockery of God, treasonous activities and degraded the Motherland, now the play stops here once and for all!”


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Following the announcement, the Lapuans violently took off their communists' red shirts and, after a harsh confession by Emil Tabell, an MP who arrived, threw out Emil Tabell, who arrived.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] Eventually the incident turned into a mass brawl, calmed down by the newly arrived police officers.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In skirmish e.g.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

were torn from the walls of the Labour House with signs “God help the burghers” and “God has empowered capitalists to be robbers”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[8] Eventually the Communists were driven out of Lapua by schoolboy pranks and taunts.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Communist-held Lapua Workers' House was nailed shut.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

When it had to be opened again, following a change in circumstances in September 1931, a new domestic political crisis arose.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Citizens' meetings Gustav Tiitu, an agrarian farmer, contacted Artturi Leinonen, editor of newspaper Ilka, to call a citizens' assembly.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

A notice was published in Ilka and Vaasa magazine: “The Citizens' Assembly of Southern Ostrobothnia in Lapua Seuratalo next Sunday, 1 December, starting at 1 p.m.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting will be presented with the growing sedition activities of the Communists.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

A bunch of Lapuans”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the end, more than 2000 people came to the Citizens' Assembly and from other provinces, and the committee that organised it included the Coalition Rector Hilja Riipinen and the Vicar K. R. Kares of Lapua, in addition to Tiitu, Leinonen and Kosola.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting in Lapua lasted more than three hours and more than 80 speeches were used.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In his speech, Leinonen expressed that the common will of the people was to crush communism and asked if it could be accomplished by legitimate means.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Referring to the 1925 Supreme Court decision to abolish the communists' front organization, Kosola criticized that the Communists do not “respect the religion and common fatherland held sacred by the Finnish people, the laws of Finland, and nothing else that is held sacred by us from generation to generation”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

However, not all of the speeches were in line with Leinonen and Kosola to legality, for example Helsinki-based activist Ahto Sippola called on the participants of the meeting to take arms with them and march to Helsinki.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

One of the prominent speakers of the Citizens' Assembly was the High Awakening leader Vihtori Duke, who said: “Selfish requests are prevalent and they are not understood by the men of 1918.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

It wasn't parliament that saved us in 1918, there were only intrigues and babbles.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Whoever God wills to drown, that he beats with blindness”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting expressed disappointment with the volatile domestic political situation and the fact that parties, particularly the bourgeois parties, when competing with each other, did not care in which direction Finland was heading.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, the assembly unanimously decided that all forms of activity of the SKP had to be abolished or else civil war would break out.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In its closing statement, it did not understand “why freedom of expression can be used to slander and discredit everything that is the basis and foundation of the chaste and legal knowledge of the Finnish people.”


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Furthermore, it wondered how a treasonous party was allowed so freely to act to dismantle all its system, which allowed the whole of this treasonous party to exist.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

However, the meeting gave all its support to the state power to eradicate communism.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although the Lapuan meeting of 1 December 1929 was the most impressive, it was by no means the only one, nor the first.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently pursuing a pan-bourgeois front, the Karelian Civil Union organised its first citizens' assembly on 29 November 1929 at Sortavala Seuraroom.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Karelian Civil Union, founded in 1917 in the Vyborg region, had already planned anti-communist civic activities in autumn 1929 and had been tasked with organising civic assemblies.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting linked the incipient movement to the 1918 battle and expressed all support for the Ostrobothians: “Hopeless would be the future of our people, if Finnish blood would not fizzle when he saw the cataluses of the profane fatherland.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In January 1918, the hearts of the men of Ostrobothnia and Karelia beat with strong feelings.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

It still does.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The law of honor is the law of a man”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

On 1 December 1929, civic assemblies of hundreds of participants were held besides Lapua, led by activist, Master Antti Sarven and Councilman Eero Hämäläinen in Kuopio, under deputy judge K. A. Raevaara and Asessori Onni Heinonkoski in Mikkeli, farmer, MP Evert Nukar and Head of the Southern Häme Patron District under Ernesti Suolahti in Hämeenlinna, Director K. Brofeldt in Kotka and District Physician W. Vartiovaara in Savonlinna.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

All the meetings stated their support for any decision, whatever they would take in Lapua.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently, civic assemblies had already been planned much earlier, judging by their coincidence.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the order of business at the meetings was the same in all localities.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[10] Citizens Delegations The Lapuan assembly decided to send a 20-person delegation headed by Artturi Leinose to Helsinki to ask the government to act to stop the sedition work of the communists.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the morning, on Independence Day, 6 December 1929, 1,000 people were facing the legation at the Helsinki railway station and the Academic Karjala-Seura (AKS) led by Vice-President Vilho Helanen.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

On December 7, the delegation brought the decisions of the Lapuan assembly to the attention of the minority government in Kallio.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The embassy was received by all parliamentary groups except the Communists.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the embassy visited the President of the Republic Lauri Kristian Relander.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The president was moved to tears when Hilja Riipinen, who served as President, announced that the people were demanding more acts than speeches from the state power.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Relander gave all his support to the popular movement, writing that the popular movement “has been a blessing to this country and the people, of that I am sure”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

On the evening of the same day, the embassy was invited to the Fourth of July celebrations organised by AKS.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

AKS gave full support to the movement and Urho Kekkonen announced his support in the organisation's voice supporter Suomen Heimo.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Kekkonen indicated that improving workers' conditions was supported, but no sympathy for the Soviet Union.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Part of the embassy was still visited by an independence fighter, State Counsellor J. R. Danielson-Kalmar, who likewise expressed support for the movement's goals.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] After the Lapua legation, delegations from different provinces began arriving in Helsinki and new meetings were organized.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The situation developed really quickly in early December 1929.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

This first phase of the popular movement was very happy to be welcomed by the state and considered it to be a healthy and uniting state life while at the same time suspecting its power.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The social democrats, who were fairly socialist at the time, accepted the anti-communist movement, not seeing it as a disadvantage, but rather a benefit.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The demands of the embassies produced the first victory of the popular movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Just before Christmas 1929, a new Association Act was passed, forbidding the creation of a new association to replace the disbanded one.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

On this basis, the communist study associations could be abolished.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The second meeting of Lapua and the second major citizens' meeting at Lukko Lapua Seuratalo of Finland took place on 15 March 1930.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting was officially nationwide and more formal anyway, as the meeting was only allowed for delegates from other organizations and civic assemblies.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

For an admission fee, the public was able to enter the


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In addition to Artturi Leinonen, the co-chairperson is H. A. Koristo from Turku, bank manager Isak Kaitera from Oulu and agricultural advisor Aatos Schildt from Jyväskylä.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The secretaries were Deputy Judge Lauri Halme and Kauhajokelic Consulate M.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

E. Brush.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The atmosphere at the meeting was considerably more tense and radicalized by the end of November.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Although Artturi Leinonen and Vihtori Kosola, who became leaders of the movement, emphasised moderation in line, the field people at the meeting were fed up with politicians and other powers, gradually leaning more and more towards direct action in the foreign parliament.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The leading figures of the radical line were Rafael Haarla, vicar of Lapua, and Gunnar von Hertzen, vicar of Lapua, and Gunnar von Hertzen, Iceman Major.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The enlightenment director of Northern Uusimaa's patron municipal district, Freeman Lauri Yrjö-Koskinen, insisted on acts rather than enlightenment, but mainly meant enacting stricter anti-communist laws.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The atmosphere of the movement was radicalized because the activities of the communists, despite the promises of politicians, were not abolished.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Those in favour of the Direct Action line justified their opinion by the fact that “patriotic rebellion” was preferable to “patriotic legality”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

They also justified by historical considerations; at first, the icemen had acted against the then law, but still their importance had been of great importance to Finland.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

MPs known as Communists were on various committees, where they also had access to sensitive and secret national defence information.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting dealt mainly with the communist press, which was not suppressed because in parliament the Social Democrats, RKP and Communists opposed restrictions on the Freedom of Print Act.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Lapualla was particularly irritated by the communist Voice of Work (1924—1930) appearing in Vaasa, which proclaimed atheism and the world revolution.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although it appeared on the basis of the meeting that the popular movement was already splintering in two, the meeting reached a unanimous conclusion: It was decided to establish an anti-communist and site terror NGO, which was to assemble all anti-communist entities as an umbrella organisation.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

An association was born called Suomen Lukko, whose 32-member delegation was chosen as the convener of Vihtori Kosola.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Later, at Kosola's suggestion, Artturi Leinonen became chairman of Luko of Finland.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Martti Pihkala, acting as assistant student Mikko Jaskari, was responsible for financial affairs.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The seat of the organization was named Lapua, but the office was placed in Helsinki.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The members of the Finnish Luko were mainly agrarian and coalist in party affiliation, and there were only a few supporters of direct active action.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the anti-communist struggle, Lukko of Finland advocated the Enlightenment and legal methods of action.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the Agrarian League it was hoped and believed that the popular movement would only be channeled in support of the government, but supporters of direct action were not enthusiastic about the slow association activity of the Finnish Luko.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Action The Voice of Work fell silent The motion for amendment to the Freedom of Print Law Lapua was irritated by the opposition of the Left and the Swedish People's Party (RKP) to an amendment to the Law on Freedom of Printing, which was not adopted as desired by the Parliament in the early spring of 1930.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The movement's attempt was to transfer control of the Freedom of Printing Act to the Attorney General appointed by the President of the Republic from the Minister of Justice, allowing the latter to decide in the Council of State the matter without discussing the closure of printing presses deemed to have violated it in accordance with the Freedom of Printing Act.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Example case of Vaasa County The apparent unity of a popular movement lasted only 13 days from the founding meeting of the Finnish Lukko.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

At the head of the movement, it was decided to disrupt the activities of the communists, and a newspaper printed in Vaasa, near Lapua, Vaasa, was chosen as the target.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Gustav Tiitu had advocated minor daytime interference in printing, but he opposed the destruction of the printing presses.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Although it seemed to rest, Yrjö Nikula, the former titular of Lapua and head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia, continued to plan the attack.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

If the participants were caught in their act, Trade Advisor Rafael Haarla had promised to pay them potentially reprehensible damages.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Strike to the printing press On the night of March 28, 1930, direct action began.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the port area of Vaasa, farmer Pentti Alasaari fired a couple of shots into the air with his Mauser M1916 pistol to distract the police and give them an alibi.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

At the same time, Vaasa's internal telephone connections were disrupted, and 13 Lapuan men led by Yrjö Nikula, the head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia and former titular man of Lapua, and Gustav Vannas, a motorist from Yurasa, broke in and broke up the print of the Voice of Work.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The act was apparently carefully planned under Nikula's leadership.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The perpetrators soon came to light, as police found a scoop lamp knife on the floor of the printing press bearing the name of Kullervo Leskinen, an employee of the Lapua cartridge factory.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] On 3 April, the third citizens' meeting was held in Lapua in connection with the dissolution of the printing of the Voice of Work.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola's leadership, the meeting prepared a telegram that was sent to Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Telegram confirmed that the Lapua Popular Movement and Kosola were bent on illegal activities, but according to the text the movement had not settled against the government: the division of the Lapua Movement Suomen Lukko separates Parliament was surprised by the act and the Youth Republicans Kyösti Kallio and under the leadership of Helsingin Sanomat called for severe punishment of perpetrators.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates realised that the attack was a vote of no confidence by the Lapuans in the actions of Parliament.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The act also sparked controversy among the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those involved could not accept the illegalities.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

When Lukko of Finland, led by Artturi Leinonen and Gustav Tiitu, disassociated himself from the act and condemned it as a crime, the popular movement broke in two.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Vihtori Kosola, the leader of Vihtori Kosola, had not endorsed the plan at the stage of its drafting, but stood down to support the act, declaring that the one responsible for the act was in fact the parliament, which had not begun the process of eradicating communism.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Artturi Leinonen, who had denied carrying out the attack, and Gustav Tiitu and Lukko of Finland lost their central place in the popular movement and the movement that started direct action took Vihtori Kosola as its leader, who himself had not sought a prominent position.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

His household, Kosola, became the central headquarters of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Lapuans publicly declared themselves in large numbers as perpetrators of the attack and supporters of the act.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola, Yrjö Nikula, Vihtori Herkena and Ilmajokelainen bank manager Iivari Koivisto, 72 men signed up as authors and supporters of the work.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Lapuan farmer Jussi Muilu, trainee Yrjö Hissa, and peasants Simo Lahdensuo and Jussi Perämäki became the actual violators.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Rafael Haarla, the trade adviser, agreed to pay all the fines of those convicted.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the first issue of Activist n, the main voice supporter of the Lapua movement</i>, 650 people registered as supporters of the act.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The magazine became popular and was sold as many as 10,000 copies.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The journalistic line reported by the newspaper was strongly anti-communist.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Vaasa riot and the Asser Salon ride on 4 June 1930 at Vaasa Raastuvancourt began to be dealt with the issue of breaking the print print of the Voice of Work.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The predominance knew that the day would cause Lapuan movement, but the Popular Movement refused to cancel the demonstration.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Early in the morning 1800 Lapuans arrived in Vaasa in 200 cars decorated with Finnish flags.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Demonstratively, the procession of cars stopped first at the dispersed printer and in front of the landlord's official residence.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The men then made an honorary visit to the hero tombs of Vaasa, during which hymns and patriotic songs were sung, as well as speeches were given.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Vaasa District Riot While the trial was in progress, the Lapuans assaulted Eino Nieminen, who was acting as a witness, who was alleged by Detective Central Police (EK) to be a red officer and an organiser of SKP.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the courthouse's second-floor vestibule, Eino Nieminen had to kiss with the peasants who surrounded him.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

After Sanaharka, supporters of the Lapua movement carried Nieminen down the stairs outside the courthouse, tore off his clothes and assaulted Nieminen.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The mob followed the act from the sidelines and police did not intervene.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Press photographer Paavo Poutiainen instigated the perpetrators, and one of the most famous images in Finnish press history was taken.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Some ten other leftists were also assaulted by the Lapuans, among them Allan Asplund, editor of the Vaasan social democratic magazine Nya Folkbladet.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the Lapuans also fell victim to bourgeois minded citizens who tried to prevent beatings, citing the rule of law.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, police master Gunnar Tallroth eventually rescued the battered Nieminen and took him to the police station.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Nieminen was able to leave the police station just before supporters of the Lapuan movement penetrated the building and inspected it up to the cells without the force of the police officers or wanting to prevent this.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

When the cause of the Voice of Work, Communist MP Asser Salo stepped out of the courthouse, the riot worsened.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Despite the fact that Governor Bruno Sarlin tried to appeal for peace in the district, the supporters of the Lapuan movement took hold of Salo and paraphrased this.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement had already been planning to kidnap Salo when he had arrived to hear the injunction.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Detective Central Police (EK) followed the incident by without intervening.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, a B.C. detective who was present, later joined the radical wing of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Lapuans could not decide what to do with Salo.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Salo was threatened with shooting during the Revelation, but was eventually taken to Lapua's youth club house, where he was forced to swear that he would never enter Lapua again.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

After this, Salo was taken to Viitasaari, where he was let go.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The men of the Lapuanmovement left after informing the editorial staff of the Voice of Work that the magazine would not be published even after the end of the two-month discontinuation period.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

After the Lapuans disembarked, Vaasa remained in the possession of military patrols.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua Law Originally, Lapua law meant Lapua's 1843 Government Rule and Village Ordinance and its implementation.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Also among the Lapuan movement, the right of the Lapuans own hand began to be called Lapuan law.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

According to the idea, the justification of the acts was determined by how much they promoted anti-communist activity.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The legality of the act did not matter, as according to the movement's thought world, the “will of the people” interpreted by the Lapuan movement was above the law.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

On June 5, 1930, the Lapuan Movement declared the Lapuan Law into force in Southern Ostrobothnia.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[12] In the early morning hours of 8 June 1930, Yrjö Hissa and Jussi Perämäki, who took part in the disbanding of the print of the Voice of Work, committed double suicide.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The youths who were detained were counted as the first victims of the popular movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

They were buried with a hero's funeral in Lapua and Kosola laid a wreath on the tomb, which read the words of Kaarlo Kramsu's Ilkka poem: 'No justice in the land, who himself will not have'.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The phrase became one of the motto phrases of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Later in the summer, the second motto became “We do what we will”.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Summer 1930: period of pressure Bruno Sarlin of the Progress Party was removed from his duties as a landlord and Colonel Erik Heinrichs was appointed in his place, which it was hoped would improve the intervals between state power and locals.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In mid-June 1930, however, the Lapuan movement began large-scale rides, or pluses; 254 rides or rides were made during the summer.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Three rides ended in the victim's death and most of the rides were assaulted.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[13] The relapses were carried out both by local Lapuans and by the strike forces of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Kosola wanted to press the ride-hailing government to resign and get Pehr Evind Svinhufvud of the National Coalition as prime minister.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In their speeches, the Progress Party and the Agrarian League protested the movement's radicalisation and acts of violence, but did not withdraw their support from the Popular Movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In the summer of 1930, pressure from the Lapuans was at its peak.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The People's Movement also achieved its most important goal in succeeding in ending communist activities practically altogether.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

After the summer, most of the leading communists were serving time in prison, the labour magazines had been abolished and all labour houses closed.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Due to sympathy or pressure in many provinces, denominators and other officials issued orders to abolish the houses of labour.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In Pohjois-Savo, for example, all 59 workers' houses were closed at the behest of the titular and landlord.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[14] Some politicians felt that it was better to accept lawlessness so as not to break out another civil war.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Prime Minister Svinhufvud (Svinhufvud II government from 4 July 1930 to 21 March 1931) even staked his unqualified support for the uprising and movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

He had visited South Ostrobothnia and the People's Movement in mid-June and became convinced of the popular popularity of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

However, K. J. Ståhlberg, the first president of the Republic, agreed that illegality was indefensible, even if it was taken to suppress the crimes and treasonous activities of others.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] A march and delegation for the upcoming march of the Lapuan Movement took place from 20—21.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

June 1930 meeting in Lapua.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Organizing the march was a large and sizeable job.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

For the meeting, the Lapuan movement invited representatives from all patron districts and at the same time organized a popular movement nationwide.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement invited and named the persons who were to hold meetings in their respective localities, who would again designate them as their representatives by signing a power of attorney.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In practice, the credentials demanded by the Lapua movement were signed without any organized meetings.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

At this point, among others, Dr. Kai Donner officially joined the Lapua movement as a representative of Eastern Uusimaa.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates formed arrangements for the march to handle the delegation of the Lapuan Movement, which thus became the official Lapuan Movement Representative Council.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The delegation consisted of 16 representatives from Southern Ostrobothnia, one from all other provinces, and from Vyborg and Helsinki, two representatives from both.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In total, this national representative council consisted of 31 delegates.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

After the march, the delegation declined in importance, but still the name Lapua Movement Delegation served under various communiques and pressures as the representative of the Lapua movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[15] Eventually, the government of Kyösti Kallio IV (16 August 1929—4 July 1930) made an unfounded decision in law to abolish all communist magazines for fear of otherwise engaging in illegal activities by the Lapuans.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The decision was approved by Parliament on 1 July 1930, although no similar proposal had been approved earlier in the spring.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the government submitted a motion to the Parliament to abolish the activities of the Communists and began to bend to the demands of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander also took pressure on the government, which finally on 2 July submitted his resignation request due to the untenable domestic political situation, despite having just received a vote of confidence from parliament.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, in line with the goals of the Lapuan movement, a pan-bourgeois government led by P. E. Svinhufvud was formed, in which representatives of the Lapua movement were planned.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

K. R. Kare was envisioned as Minister of Education and Vihtori Dukeaa or Kosola as Minister of Social Affairs.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

However, Svinhufvud did not want “two dictators” (meaning Svinhufvud and Kosola) in government, and business did not want to get entangled in government politics either.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Compared to the government, the Lapuan movement was strong enough: It did not have to tie its hands.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The mutual antipathies (arising from theological differences) between the churchmen K. R. Kare and Paavo Virkkunen, who became Minister of Education, have also been thought to have played a role in the plan's tapering.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[16] Abduction of MPs from the Constitutional Committee To give impetus to their demands, the Lapuan movement decided to show its mass power with a peasant march to Helsinki.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

To intensify the show of force, Vihtori Kosola gave orders to paraphrase communist MPs.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Two days before the march, in the morning of 5 July 1930, a Lapuan force, led by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen and Artturi Vuorimaa, penetrated the Session of the Constitutional Committee to kidnap the communists' Helsinki MPs Eino Pekkala and Jalmari Rötkö.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Committee Chairman Väinö Voionmaa (SDP) and Ernst von Born (RKP) tried to prevent the hijacking, but Eerolainen wore his badge of the Detective Central Police (EK) in the situation and the Lapuans were allowed to take the MPs to the car for a ride, although they both tried to grab themselves when carrying to the door of the committee room.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The deputies were rushed to Kosola in Lapua, from where they were released after the government announced that the state would not receive the march if the delegates were not released.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, the newly appointed Svinhufvud government had already bent on ordering all communist MPs to be detained “on suspicion of treasonous activity”, but the arrest order was not issued until the afternoon of the following day.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Parliament afterwards approved the government measure despite doubts expressed by the Social Democrats and Swedes.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[17] [2] The Peasant March On Monday, 7 July 1930, the Peasant March was held, which was the largest display of force in the popular movement and a turning point in the history of the movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The peasant march was a well-planned massive operation in which 12000 supporters of the Lapua Movement marched by province and region into regiments, battalions and companies divided by patronage discipline and order.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The marchers were Finnish and Swedish-speaking, as the language issue was of little interest to the Lapuan movement.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the march was planned to be called “Patronage Marches”, but the commander of the Patron Municipalities, Lauri Malmberg, forbade the use of the Patron Uniform.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

The main idea of the movement was to hold a new event that would resemble the White Army Victory Parade on 16 May 1918.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

Although the movement was a parade of victory, similar events from abroad were also modelled on, notably the Swedish peasants' national defence march in 1914 and the march of the Italian black shirts to Rome in 1922.


Question: Which movement continued the political program of the Lapuan Movement in 1932—1944?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Before the peasant march, the domestic political situation was extremely tense.