Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

With Germany backed, there was an opportunity to do so.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On the other hand, there were economic motives in the form of exploitation of forest reserves in East Karelia.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

However, the territories were not legally annexed to Finland; only the territories lost in the Winter War were declared by Parliament as belonging to Finland.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The management of the territories was provided by the Military Administration of East Karelia, which made preparatory measures to annex the conquered territories to Finland.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Internment camps were established in the conquered territory, which in their own time were referred to at first as “concentration camps” and later as “displacement camps”.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[30] They were excluded: [31] (a) “unnational population from those areas where their stay in view of military action could not be permitted”; (b) “politically unreliable persons belonging to the national and non-national population of the military administrative territory”; (c) “in exceptional cases other persons belonging to the population of the Military Administrative Region whose vacancy was deemed undesirable”.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

When defined as the national population, the Finnish population was perceived as a native population.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[32] [33] The population of Väisniemi, Syyrinlaakso and Maanselänänänänänisthus, who traditionally happen to speak Russian, were moved from the front line to camps not only to prevent attacks by Soviet partisans, but also to protect civilians themselves.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In addition to this, refugees of non-Finnish descent were packed in Vänisniemi from all over the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic; while waiting in vain for transport across Sänisjärvi, they remained in the hands of the Finnish Defence Forces.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Based on the research literature, it can be estimated that evacuees or refugees from near the fronts may have numbered up to 16600 of the people placed in camps in East Karelia.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

This would mean more than 69% of the camps” highest population, which was 23984 people, on April 1, 1942.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[34] Mortality in the concentration camps of occupied East Karelia was up to 3.75%, significantly higher than among the free population of the same region (2.6%), in Finland (1.31%).


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The main reason for the high mortality rate among East Karelian campers appears to have been poor nutritional status and, to some extent, their age structure: a high relative proportion of women aged 20—30 years and minor children (almost 50%).


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[35] During the Continuation War, about 62000 Inger Finns migrated to Finland from the German-occupied Inger region.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The war of positions Mannerheim and Ryti had a negative view of the conquest of Leningrad and its direct support, as well as the severing of the Muurmann line in order to hold the argument for a separate war and to keep Finland better prospects for peace negotiations even after Germany's eventual defeat context [36].


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The advance of the Finns stalled on Mannerheim's orders in December 1941, when the so-called positional warfare phase began.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

It lasted two and a half years.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On 6 December, the territories lost in the Winter War were annexed back to Finland by the Parliament in restoring the borders of the Peace of Tartu.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, production and foreign trade declined, creating problems for the country's food supply.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The most difficult food situation was during the winter between 1942—1943.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In this case, for example, frontmen experienced deficiency diseases, and especially in some younger men general weakness due to lack of food.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The situation was saved by imports of food supplies, mostly from Germany and the countries under its influence.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In addition, the situation of the frontmen was facilitated by German troops in northern Finland who victualled 50,000 Finnish soldiers in their area of responsibility.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Despite the practical problems brought with them by long transport journeys, monotonous food and limited portions the victualling of the frontmen was satisfactorily successful.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

There were a total of 300 cases of deficiency disease that required hospitalisation among frontmen during the Continuation War, which can be considered quite a small number.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[37] In 1942, fighting continued fragmented at Syvär and Kiesting.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Finns' only offensive war during the entire war of positions remained the capture of Suursaari in March.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[38] On June 4, Mannerheim reached the age of 75 and was promoted to Marshal of Finland.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The day was designated by defensive force as a flag feast day.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In Helsinki, a street was announced to be named in his honour.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Adolf Hitler unexpectedly visited Mannerheim's birthday party in Immola and complained that he had not been able to ensure Romanian oil for Germany to do anything for Finland before or during the Winter War.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

A recording of Hitler's “soliloquy” by the Finns also clarified the level of Soviet arms race that had surprised Hitler.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On his return visit to Germany, Mannerheim had apparently received further information about the German “expedition to the East” because, after his return, assessed to Defence Minister Walden the German “expedition to the east” as ending in disaster.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviets sent a military detachment behind the Finns front line around Rukajärvi.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

However, the Finns defeated the attempt in a short chase.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

After Germany suffered defeat at Stalingrad, efforts began to be made in Finland to distance themselves from Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The parliament began to show dissatisfaction towards Ryti, which was manifested by Secretary of State R.J.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On Witting's criticism of Ryti's signing of an anticomintern contract.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Parliament refused to extend the power law granted to Ryti.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

However, this did not prevent his re-election to an additional two-year term in February 1943.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

However, Prime Minister Rangell's government was switched to a less pro-German one led by Edwin Linkommies.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The government held together mainly thanks to the Social Democrat finance minister Väinö Tanner.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Initial peace talks on Peace were held through the year, but no agreement was reached.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

As early as 8 February, the Soviet Union declared its willingness for peace.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The United States insisted on maintaining Finland's independence, and the Soviet ambassador to Washington, A. Litvinov, stated that the Soviet Union did not intend to occupy Finland as a whole.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Finns received the same insurance from Aleksandra Kollonta in Stockholm.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Finland insisted on the 1939 borders as the basis for peace negotiations, but the Soviet Union was informed that Finland's representative is welcome to negotiate in Moscow, but Finland's proposal should not include territories not belonging to it before the war.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Peace terms were locked up among the Allies at a Tehran conference in December.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the takeover of Berlin.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy landings, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring more than 300 lives.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government informed Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

When Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is a distance of about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Of particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, Äyräpäsä—Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The more than two-division-strong force that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasosi that the Soviet Union was aiming not at occupying Finland but at peace.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377 according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to the official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

On 2 September, Parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Finland had to reduce the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial losses for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outdoor, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The British government in principle did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomants' defeat 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Offensive phase Continuation War Resistance solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of front men in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology | year = 2006| version = Dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyksi, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

E.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

(ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Drabkin, Artem & Irincheev, Bair (ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with the eyes of the Red Army| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kolin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, a film about JR 61 on the Syvärs and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, a film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: Did Russia start the Winter War?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Helsinki-Malmi Airport (often briefly Malmi Airport,;) is an airport in the Malmi district of northeastern Helsinki about ten kilometres northeast of Helsinki city centre.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Completed in 1936, until 1952, the airport was Helsinki's main airport except for the years 1944—1946 when the field was under control of the Control Commission.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

During that time Hyvinkää Airport served as the main airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Until 1946, the area of Helsinki-Malmi Airport belonged to the rural municipality of Helsinki and then to the city of Helsinki.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Today, operations at the airport consist of flight training, general aviation and government flights.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

As measured by the number of landings, Helsinki-Malmi Airport is the second busiest in Finland after Helsinki Airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[1] According to Finavia, more than 38,000 takeoffs and landings were made at Helsinki-Malmi Airport in 2012.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Ore Airport Area covers an area of 138 hectares and as a whole is listed as a Built Cultural Environment of National Importance [2].


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In 2014, the Finnish Government adopted a decision in principle to withdraw from the Malmi field “to improve the conditions for residential construction in the Helsinki region”.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The government set a condition for this change to a replacement field for the transfer of Border Guard and Civil Aviation.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The city of Helsinki bought the land property from Finavia in November of the same year, and the state is due to withdraw from the field by the end of 2016.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The City Planning Agency has prepared a draft plan plan that will place housing for around 25,000 residents in the area.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Those in favor of preserving the airport have objected to the construction plans.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Finavia withdrew from field maintenance responsibility on December 31, 2016.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The last landing, controlled by air traffic control, occurred at exactly 5 p.m.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The last plane to land was BF-Flight Ltd's Cessna 152 OH-CRA.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Operations operated by Finavia ended at 22:00 and operations were taken over by Malmi airport association ry at 00:00 on 1 January 2017.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

At the same time, the airport transferred as a whole to the maintenance responsibility of the City of Helsinki.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

History Construction work on Helsinki's first airport, Helsinki Airport, began in 1935 and was completed in working order for Tatttarsuo in the Malmi district of Helsinki rural municipality in 1936.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The field area was very watery and shaping it into an airfield was difficult.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

For temporary use the field was put into service on 16 December 1936.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

First landed VL Tuisku, piloted by Airmaster Urho Heiskala, the second was the De Havilland Moth “Pilvetär” (OH-ILD) of the Finnish Air Defence Association (OH-ILD) with Lieutenant Colonel Ahonius at his controls.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The actual air service was opened by a third plane, the Junkers Ju 52 “Södermanland” of Swedish Aerotransport flown by Ernst Roll.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[3] Aero O/Y, now Finnair, aircraft were converted from floats to wheels without delay and moved with general aviation aircraft to the new field.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In 1937, the field surface was treated with oil absorption by injecting two kilograms of oil onto it per square meter [4], among other things, to reduce dusting.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In the same year, instrument approach equipment manufactured by the Telefunken company was installed in the field.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Designed by Dag Englund and Vera Rosendahl, the terminal building representing a functionalist style was completed in 1938, [5] [6] and the solemn opening of the airport was held on 15 May 1938.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The opening of the field was part of an international aviation exhibition just underway.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Kaisa Kallio, Marshal Mannerheim and Prime Minister A.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

K.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Cajander.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[7] In the summer of 1939, runways and field buildings were permanently paved with concrete slabs cast at the site.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Ore Airport was designed as a whole from its inception as an international airport as one of the first in the world.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Through it, it was possible to travel to and from Helsinki much faster than before.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

By the end of the 1930s, domestic routes already covered the largest cities, and in 1940 by flying got all the way to Petsamo.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In the pre-war and interwar period, Malm operated daily machinery from Berlin, Amsterdam, Tallinn and Warsaw.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

There were flights from Sweden twice a day.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[8] The Winter War interrupted civil aviation at Ore, and the field was switched to Air Force use.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Civilian air operations were handled from other fields.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In the Continuation War, both civilian and military flights were flown from Malmi.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

When the Continuation War ended in September 1944, the airport passed into the possession of the Allied Control Commission and was not returned back to the control of the Finns until the end of 1946.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

During this time, civilian flights were transferred to Hyvinkää Airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[9] During the war, aircraft had evolved to be larger and heavier, and after the war the passenger aircraft industry and aircraft operations began to flourish.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

This also put Malmi Airport in front of a new situation.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

It was noted that runways originally built on swampy soil in deep clay would require considerable financial contributions to withstand the strain of even larger machinery.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Cost calculations indicated that lengthening runways, pile foundation and other strengthening works would become too expensive, so the plans were abandoned.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

A new field of international dimensions was received in Finland in 1952 when the current Helsinki Airport was completed.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

All regular air services progressively moved from Malmi to the new field.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The Ore field operated for several more years in the service of the new regionalisation of commercial aviation, club tours.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Subsequently, Malmi developed into Finland's largest pilot training centre and general aviation field in the metropolitan area.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The Finnish Aviation Association organised motor flying courses in Malmi already in the summer of 1953.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[10] However, Malmi served Finnair's scheduled domestic air services for several weeks during the civil service strike in 1986, when Helsinki Airport was closed.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[11] Malmi Airport gained international attention in May 1987 when Mathias Rust took off from there on his famous flight to Red Square.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[12] Nowadays Helsinki-Malmi Airport is in general aviation use.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Several commercial aviation companies operate at the station, including public telegraph, taxi flying, aircraft hire, helicopter rentals, skydiving, hot air balloon flying and flight training companies, as well as several aviation clubs including the Finnish Aviation Association.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Malmi Airport is focused on professional pilot training and professional flight operations.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Training flights are 75% to 80% of all traffic, [13] and in 2002, half of all Finnish pilots and two thirds of professional pilots were trained at Helsinki Airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[14] Hobby aviation accounts for about 20% of the field's activities.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

There are approximately 700 hobbyist pilots in Malmi, in addition to several thousand members in associations and flight clubs supporting air activities.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The Malmi Aviation Club has about 400 members, Espoo Mänililtäjjija about 100 members and about 30 members in Poutahaukot.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Aviation clubs, among other things, provide flight training for their members.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Malmi also operates the Rairone Club RAKU ry and Skydive Finland ry.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

There were 13,500 skydiving operations in 2013.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

From a traffic point of view, Malmi Airport is the only lighter traffic international airport serving a free schedule within 150 km of the capital.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

(Helsinki-Vantaa Airport is the only so-called coordinated airport in Finland that does not serve unscheduled traffic without an appointment made hours before departure [15]).


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Approximately 7500 landings were registered between Malmi and other aerodromes in 2013 alone, making Malmi the second busiest airport in Finland in terms of travel operations.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[17] Malmi Airport has served in exceptional situations, such as during the 1986 civil service strike, as a reserve airport for lighter equipment at Helsinki Airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[18] The base of the Border Guard Guard Squadron Helsinki was located in Malmi until the end of 2016, when it relocated along with other government functions (about 14% of landings in the field [19]).


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Approximately 30 private commercial companies operate at the airport [20], about 20 associations [21] and the Helsinki Rescue Institute [22].


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

As an international border crossing point, the services of Border Guard and Customs are also available in the field.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In 2005, Helsinki-Malmi Airport enterprises employed 473 people, 348 of them permanent and 125 sidelines.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The turnover of the airport's enterprises totalled EUR 33 million.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[23] Funkis-style Malmi Airport is one of the tourist attractions of the city of Helsinki.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[24] New and old aircraft can be seen at the station, and aircraft takeoffs and landings can be seen from the observation restaurant.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Sightseeing telegraphs can be ordered from the field.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[25] Aviation shows and other public events on the ground are popular.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[26] [27] [28] In late 2015, Finavia was replaced by private operator Aviastar.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

According to its business plan, it would be possible for the field to get along on its own.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[29] Founded in 2015, Go!


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Aviation also expressed a willingness to move its Helsinki operations to the field, but the company's flight operations never got to begin.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[30] Finavia relinquished the maintenance of Malmi Airport on 31 December 2016.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Since 1 January 2017, the airport is operated by Malmi Airport Association under a lease agreement with the City of Helsinki until 2019.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The aviation associations and flight clubs of the Ore Field, as well as almost all private flying schools and other aerospace companies, continue to operate there.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Controversy over continued operations Since 2000, numerous studies have been carried out on replacement solutions for Malmi Airport and the possibilities of general aviation.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[31] In June 2005, the Ministry of Transport and Communications gave the Aviation Department a new mandate to explore the continuation of Malmi Airport and/or the construction of a new replacement airport in the metropolitan area as the main options.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In February 2008, the Ministry decided to launch an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for location options for a general aviation field.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In the preparatory phase, the problem was that neither the Ministry nor any other entity had a project to build a new airport at that stage.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In early 2011, the Ministry made a motion to various parties to organise joint activities to implement the EIA.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Based on the responses received, the Ministry considered that the EIA process would not be continued without the involvement of land use planning authorities in the project, and the location issue had to be transferred to the provincial formula.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[32] In September 2013, an independent civic group submitted its proposal, which would see the starting point for field site design being a combination of aviation, business, hobby use and housing.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[33] On 25 March 2014, the Finnish Government decided on a principle solution to withdraw from Helsinki-Malmi Airport so that the area would be available to the City of Helsinki by the beginning of the 2020s at the latest.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[34] Helsinki purchased the properties in the field from Finavia in November 2014, [35] and in September 2015 the City Planning Agency completed a draft of the area's design body.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Housing for around 25000 people and 2000 jobs are planned for the area.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[36] A complaint was lodged with the Attorney General alleging that the framing decision would have been made without relevant information and on false grounds.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In September 2015, the Attorney General's Office stated that no explicit legislation was violated in the state's decision to withdraw.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Accordingly, in accordance with the decisions taken, the State intends to withdraw from the field by the end of 2016, and if this happens, the land at Helsinki Airport will be managed by the City of Helsinki alone from the beginning of 2017.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Regional and general plan cases permitting residential development in the area are pending.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[31] The Friends of Malmi Airport is particularly supported by the Friends of Malmi Airport Association.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[37] The aim of the association is to develop, promote and support the operation of the airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[38] The association commissioned an opinion survey on the future of the airport at TNS Gallup in August 2014.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

When asked residents in Uusimaa whether Malmi Airport should be kept in its current use as an airport or converted to residential construction use, 59% of respondents wanted to keep the field in its current use.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

67% of respondents were in this position, provided that the objectives of residential construction could be met in other ways.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[39] The Friends of Malmi Airport in October submitted a motion to the Uusimaa ely Centre for the protection of Malmi Airport and its buildings under the Law on the Protection of Building Heritage.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[35] The adress it maintained in favour of maintaining the airport had around 70000 signatures in September 2015.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[36] In the field's aviation use, a municipal initiative was also drafted in favour of preservation, signed by 13197 townspeople.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

In March 2016, following a motion by the City Board, the City Council decided that the initiative would not give grounds for any measures.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[37] The Finnish Air Traffic Controllers Association considers Malmi Airport to be an integral part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area's air traffic network.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

According to the association, most training and helicopter flights from Malmi are not suitable for transport aircraft to Helsinki Airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The association considers abolishing the field and moving flight training away from its controlled environment as a safety risk.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[40] The Finnish Pilot Association, the umbrella organisation of transport pilots associations, has characterised the abolition project as a mistake and considered it to undermine the conditions for growth.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[41] The Citizens Bill “Lex Ore" [42] was handed over to Parliament on 8 February 2017.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The initiative envisages preserving Malmi Airport for aviation use through legislation.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The aim of the initiative is to ensure the accessibility of the Helsinki region and Finland as air traffic grows and the preservation of a nationally and internationally recognised heritage environment.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The city of Helsinki cleared the field's hangars after taking ownership of the properties.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Heated hangars for 60 aircraft have been kept mainly empty while the planes are stored outside.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The City of Helsinki has instructed Wholesale Market, which rents halls, that the premises can only be rented for event use.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

However, the emergency services say the facilities are not suitable for that.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

According to calculations by the Evening newspaper, by November 2018, the city will have lost a quarter of a million in rental income in one and a half years.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[43] On 21 December 2016, the unsupervised aerodrome City of Helsinki and Malmi Airport Association signed a lease agreement, which expires at the latest at the end of 2019, giving the association access to an area of approximately 39 hectares for operations [44].


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The rental area includes runway 18/36 with surroundings [45].


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The area has an annual rent of EUR 92000 [44] and the rental option list for the resumption of operations at Malmi, the field will operate as an AGA M1-1 aerodrome in accordance with aviation regulations [45].


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

There are no air traffic control services in the field after 2016 [44].


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Importance Cultural Heritage Values The National Board of Museums has listed Malmi Airport as a built cultural environment of national importance [2] and advocates the preservation of the airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[46] Ore Airport's exceptionally well-preserved pre-war aviation milieu [5] [6] has also gained international recognition: It was placed on the list of the world's 100 most endangered cultural sites published by the World Monuments Fund in 2004 and 2006.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[47] Malmi Airport as a whole is also included in the Finnish target list of the international DocoMomo Working Group, which surveys and preserves major sites in modern architecture.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[48] Ore Airport was selected by heritage organisation Europa Nostra as one of the seven most endangered heritage sites in Europe in March 2016.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[49] Traffic significance When Finland's main airport, or Helsinki Airport, is Finland's only so-called slot-coordinated airport that serves unscheduled traffic only from a separate request made hours in advance, [50]) is Malmi Airport within 150 km Helsinki is the only international airport that serves business flights and other unscheduled traffic.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[51] In 2015, the expert working group of the Ministry of Transport and Communications was unable to demonstrate a replacement field for Malmi Airport operations.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

It would not be possible to implement a privately funded field without public support, according to the group.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[31] Natural values Malmi Airport is a major regional bird paradise due to its openness and the security fence surrounding the area.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

The grassland area of the field is one of the most important autumn resting places for the extremely endangered grassland in Finland and is home to a number of species listed in Annex I to the EU Birds Directive whose protection should be given particular attention.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[52] Preliminary field surveys carried out by independent experts in summer and autumn 2015 identified the Ore airport area as also the habitat of several species of mammals identified by Annex IV (a) to the European Union Habitats Directive [53] and species-rich butterfly meadow.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[54] The facility in the field area is circumvented by a 5.7 km fitness track and outdoor track.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[55] Bramberry, cuckoo blossom and red ailak grow on the northeastern forest section of the Outdoor Trail.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[56] Statistics Note


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

As of 2010, Finavia has not statistics on passengers at Helsinki-Malmi Airport.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Freight traffic has not been statistical by Finavia for Helsinki-Malmi Airport, and separate statistics of commercial air traffic have not been the practice.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Change English musician Ed Sheeran will perform a concert at Malmi Airport on 24 July 2019 as part of his Divide tour.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[59] All 60000 tickets for the concert were sold out in 20 minutes.


Question: When was the Ore Field completed?

Helsinki-Malmi Airport

[60] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sipilä, Haikarainen, Wahl etc.| title = Malmi— Helsinki Airport| publisher = Minerva Kustannus Oy| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-952-492-145-9}} On topic elsewhere, Malmi Airport Friends ry site (pdf) Airport Malmi Airport Malmi Airport Malmi Airport Category:Finnish Airports Category:Modernist Architecture Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

Secret Files () is an American science fiction drama series created by Chris Carter.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

Originally, the series aired from 1993 to 2002 for a total of nine production seasons and 202 episodes.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

The series tells the story of two FBI special agents, Fox Mulder (es.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson), who investigate cases related to paranormal phenomena known as secret files.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

Mulder believes in paranormal phenomena, and a skeptical Scully is assigned to produce scientific analyses of Mulder's discoveries that could ultimately be used to blackpaint this.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

Over the course of the series, the duo become close friends.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

The secret files contained a plot that lasted throughout the series, which involved a government conspiracy to keep the existence of extraterrestrial life secret.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

Not nearly all of the episodes took the plot forward, instead focusing on the so-called “monsters of the week.”


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

The idea for the series was originally coined by Chris Carter, who served as its executive producer.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

R. W. Goodwin, Frank Spotnitz, Howard Gordon, Vince Gilligan, John Shiban, Kim Manners, Glen Morgan, and James Wong were also producers of the series.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

The first five seasons of production were filmed in Vancouver and the rest in Los Angeles.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[1] [2] Episodes were approximately 45 minutes in length and were broadcast as a standard draw.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[3] Since then, they have been edited into high definition.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[4] Two full-length films have been made on the basis of the television series: The X-Files — Battle for the Future (1998) and The X-Files: The Test of Faith (2008).


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[5] [6] In 2016, the series aired a six-part tenth production season, [7] and in January 2018 will begin airing a ten-part eleventh production season.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[8] Many episodes dealing with the mythology of the series have been released in compilations on DVD.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

Since 2000, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment has distributed all seasons on DVD.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[9] In addition, the episodes are available for download on the iTunes Store [10] and Amazon Instant Video.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[3] Episodes have also been available to stream on Netflix.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[4] The series has received many awards, including the Golden Globe for Best Drama Series, [11] and the Satellite Award.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[12] Its actors, particularly Duchovny and Anderson, have also been praised.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[1] [13] Summary Episodes The episodes marked with the Double Cross (‡) are among the mythology episodes of the series, dealing with a government conspiracy to keep the existence of extraterrestrial life secret.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

[14] [15] [16] [17] First Production Season (1993—94) |} Second Production Season (1994—95) |} Season Three (1995—96) |} Season Four (1996—97) |} Season Five (1997—1998) |} X-Files — Battle of the future (1998) |} Sixth production season (1998—99) |} Seventh production season (1999—2000) |} Eighth production season (2000—2001) |} Ninth production season (2001—2002) |} X-Files: Faith by Test (2008) |} Tenth Production Season (2016) Secret Folders (10th Production Season) DVD Releases Seasons Individual Episode Collections Sources Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who created the television series Secret Files?

List of Secret Files episodes

References elsewhere in Category:Secret folders Secret folders


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena Gilbert is a fictional character in the television series The Vampire Diaries.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

She is an 18-year-old girl living in Mystic Falls, Virginia with her aunt Jenna Sommers and brother Jeremy.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

[1] Elena in the series' first production seasons is in love with vampire Stefan Salvatore, whom she is dating, but also shares a unique bond with Stefan's older brother Damon.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Later, Elena and Stefan break up.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Damon and Elena start dating, but Elena still has feelings for Stefan.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena attends Mystic Falls High School, where before her parents' death, she was a cheerleader, but dropped out due to difficulties.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan rescues Elena from a car accident in which her adoptive parents died after her car derailed from a bridge.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan found Elena to be just like the voiced Katherine, with whom both brothers were in love in the 19th century.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

After rescuing Elena, Stefan followed her life for months only to be sure that Elena isn't Katherine.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

After Elena discovers the Salvatore brothers' secret, her life begins to include more and more murders, lies and supernatural events.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena is described as smart, kind, caring by nature and Elena tries to be positive for her even in difficult times.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

[2] Biography Adolescence Elena was born in 1992 to John Gilbert, who she thinks is her uncle, and 17-year-old Isobel Flemming, who escaped after giving birth.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

However, the baby got decent parents from John's brother Grayson and his wife Miranda: the Gilberts tried hard to have a baby, but nothing happened so everything went uncomplicated.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Later, Elena learned that she was distantly related to Katherine Pierce, the vampire who once caused a feud between Stefan and Damon.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

On May 23, 2009, while driving home with her parents, the Gilbertie's car derailed near the Wickery Bridge into the river, after which Elena miraculously ended up in the hospital.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

It is later revealed that Stefan arrived at the scene of the accident and saved Elena Grayson so requested, after which he also tried to save her parents, who nevertheless sadly perished.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Since the accident, Stefan had kept an eye on Elena to protect her, to keep his promise to her parents.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

It was only revealed to Elena when she was 17 that Grayson and Miranda aren't her parents, but John, whom she considered her uncle to be her biological father.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Season One Elena and Jeremy live with their aunt Jenna after their parents die in a car accident.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

After the death of her parents, Elena split from her childhood friend, first love as well as boyfriend Matt Donovan to start it all over again.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

As the school year begins, Elena meets Stefan Salvatore [3], to whom she feels great attraction.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Meeting Stefan will bring things back to normal order for Elena.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena's best friends include Bonnie Bennett as well as Caroline Forbes.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

For a reason unbeknownst to Elena, she reminds Katherine Pierce, a person from Stefan's past.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Shortly after meeting Stefan Salvatore, Elena began to fall in love with this and vice versa.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Later, Elena asks Stefan to be her date at the Founders Banquet, but becomes angry with Stefan for her hiding things.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Eventually, Elena finds out Stefan and Damon are vampires.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

When Elena's friend Vicki Donovan is turned into a vampire, Elena tries to convince both Vicki and Jeremy to stay away from each other only to be threatened by Vicki.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

At the school's Halloween celebration, Stefan is forced to kill Vicki after he lost his control, trying to hurt both Elena and Jeremy.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

[4] Because of the incident, Elena asks Damon to erase Jeremy's memory of the issues surrounding Vicki's death, making him believe Vicki “left town and that this is not going to come back.”


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena and Jenna discover that as a result of this, Jeremy stops taking drugs.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena is also forced to witness Lex's death at Damon's hands, as well as the destruction of Bonnie's talisman, lest Damon be released from the tomb vampires.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena gets into a car accident after running into a vampire while fleeing Stefan after discovering a photograph of Katherine.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena is nearly attacked by an unknown vampire, but Damon shows up just in time to save her life.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

[5] A pizza man named Noah carries Jeremy one night with pizzas and is invited inside to await payment.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Noah also shows up at the school party and threatens to kill Jeremy unless Elena leaves the prom.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena runs into the hallway as the vampire follows and manages to stab him with pens until Stefan and Damon arrive to his aid and kill him.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Before he dies, Noah is revealed to be Anna and Ben's friend, as well as Katherine's acquaintance.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

After opening the tomb, after the vampires break free, Elena helps Damon save Stefan from a vampire named Frederick and the other vampires who tortured him.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

However, Frederick manages to knock the stem of the tree into Stefan, causing Elena to give him his blood for him to survive.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan, however, begins to thirst for human blood and steals.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

From the hospital's blood bank, blood secrets from Elena.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

When Damon tells Elena about Stefan's addiction, they argue and Stefan attacks Amber, who participated in the Miss Mystic Falls pageant, drinking her blood and nearly killing her.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena and Damon lock Stefan in the basement in an attempt to get this back to normal.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

When Bonnie's grandmother dies, Bonnie leaves town and when she returns begins blaming Stefan and Damon for her death and is in her feud with Elena as well.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

[6] Elena tries to fix things, but Bonnie says she can't do anything about it. Elena needs to leave her alone.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

When Elena's biological mother arrives in town, the pals repair between them and Bonnie “removes” the curse from the vampire-destroying device.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

The device is activated at the Founders Feast and it is revealed that Bonnie didn't remove the curse after all.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

In the season ending episode, Damon bumps into Elena (actually Katherine) and the pair share a passionate kiss, however getting interrupted by Jenna.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

At the end of the episode Elena arrives home, after someone has stolen her belongings.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Upon entering, he hears voices from the kitchen and leaves to investigate, oblivious to Katherine's stationary status.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

[7] Season Two Elena goes into the kitchen and is shocked to see John bleeding to death on the floor.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena runs to call 911, at which point John gesticulates that something is behind her.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena takes the knife Katherine used on John and begins searching for her attacker.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

However, Katherine leaves the house within seconds.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena also remembers Jeremy being home and runs upstairs and finds an unconscious Jeremy who has taken a can of painkillers as well as blood from a vampire named Anna.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena shakes Jeremy, causing him to wake up.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

At the hospital after Caroline has an accident, Damon offers her blood to Caroline.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena doesn't want vampire blood to be given to Caroline, but Bonnie makes Damon drink blood to Caroline so she doesn't die.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

While Elena is alone, Damon approaches this kiss shared by the pair regarding, after which Elena and Jenna have a confusing conversation, causing Damon to realize he kissed Katherine and not Elena.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

While Stefan is watching over Jeremy Katherine shows up playing Elena, however Stefan soon realises the person is Katherine and throws this aside.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Upon Damon and Elena's arrival, Katherine escapes and Stefan tells the duo Katherine has returned.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan is also not happy with Damon revealing he kissed Katherine who he thought was Elena.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Later, when Damon asks Elena about the kiss, Elena replies that she was surprised that Damon thought she would respond to the kiss and willy-nilly hurt Damon with her response.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Later, a vampire named Rose kidnaps Elena, to get herself and her friend Trevor free, swapping Elena for freedom.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena only learns of her own death breaking the curse of the moonstone.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elijah, a powerful vampire and one of the Originals, who is trying to get his hands on the moonstone overhears Elena discussing it.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elijah tries to control Elena's mind, but due to the vernacular necklace is unsuccessful, causing her to rip the chain off and control Elena to tell her the location of the stone, causing Damon and Stefan to arrive to save this.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Damon takes home the survivor Elena with this necklace back, but before returning Damon tells Elena that he loves this but controls her mind to make her forget what has been said.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

After Rose appears to the Salvators and after telling them her knowledge of the original vampires, Elena goes to meet Katherine at the tomb.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Katherine tells her information because Elena brought blood with her and Katherine couldn't refuse because she was almost already mummified.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Relationships Stefan Salvatore Elena met Stefan this first day of school, although Stefan knew Elena even before their fateful meeting.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena finds Stefan charming, handsome and mysterious and eventually the pair start dating.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Later, Stefan reveals his vampirism to Elena's pressure, bringing the pair's relationship momentarily to an end.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Soon, however, Elena warms to the idea that Stefan is a vampire, after realizing this good and decent nature.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

The couple continues their courtship, professing their love for each other.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Recently, however, the couple divorced due to Katherine's actions towards Elena, e.g.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Manipulating Jenna into suicide.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

And even though Katherine was out of the game, the pair stayed apart.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

They later got back together.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Damon Salvatore Elena initially viewed Damon as self-loving and self-centered, a sadistic monster; the complete opposite of his brother.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

The brothers' hostile tension rattles after Elena spent the day with Damon in Georgia.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena begins to sympathize with Damon when she fails to find Katherine in the cursed grave, realizing Damon is just lonely and desperately looking for love.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

A rather close friendship is later formed between Elena and Damon.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

After Elena refuses to kiss Damon, he kills Jeremy who, thanks to his ring, does not die, after which Elena tells Damon that he has lost him forever.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

In several episodes, it is also revealed that Damon is in love with Elena, but the issue becomes properly clear in the episode “Rose”, where Damon tells his feelings directly to Elena, then controlling her mind to forget his confession.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Later in season three, as Elena and Damon look for Stefan, more than just friendship is noticed between them.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

When Elena turns into a vampire, a strong bond develops between her and Damon due to Elena's strong feelings before becoming a vampire.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Stefan and Caroline try to get Elena to her senses that she's not really in love with Damon but it's all because of the bond.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

However, when they find themselves captured at school by the original vampire Rebecca, Rebecca uses mind control over Elena and asks why she actually slept with Damon, and Elena replies that she is in love with Damon.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

They also learn from an old witch that a rare bond of vampires does not affect emotions, only actions.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Damon and Elena start dating after many difficulties and love each other more than anything.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Bonnie Bennett Elena and Bonnie have been friends since their childhood.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

They are extremely close and would do anything for each other.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena loves Bonnie like her own sister and the duo have an unbreakable friendship.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena was the first person Bonnie told her she was a witch.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Bonnie's grandmother guides Bonnie in the process of becoming a witch.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Jeremy Gilbert Elena has always tried to protect Jeremy and even asks Damon to erase Jeremy's memories lest he remember Vicki's death.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

In the second production season, Jeremy helps the Salvatore brothers try to get rid of Katherine.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Jeremy and Elena's relationship disappears during the series when Jeremy secretly reads Elena's diary saying Damon erased Jeremy's memory when Jeremy's ex-girlfriend Vicki turned into a vampire and was a danger to Jeremy.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Katherine Pierce Elena doesn't know much about her pre-mother Katherine.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

In the episode “Bloodlines” Elena finds out she looks just like this and at the end of the first season she comes face-to-face with him.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena and Katherine meet with Stefan tortured Katherine to get information from her.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

In the same episode, it is revealed that Katherine did not return to town due to the love she felt for Stefan.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Elena knew almost nothing about Katherine until she went to the grave where Katherine had been cooped up and exchanged human blood for information about Katherine's past.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

Caroline Forbes Caroline is a friend of Elena and Bonnie, who is somewhat tormented and jealous of Elena.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

At the end of the first season, Caroline begins dating Elena's ex-boyfriend, Matt but is jealous of Elena and Matt's past.


Question: What age is the vampire Damon Salvatore in The Vampire Diaries?

Elena Gilbert

However, Caroline begins to transform into a more accepting, kinder person and begins to realize Matt cares about her rather than Elena.