Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Paul's concerts were widely reported and written about in newspapers of that time.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

His repertoire, along with folk music, consisted of parlor music and songs picked from popular operas of his time, which Paul adapted for the diatonic accordion he used as best he could.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Paul also published the first textbook on accordion playing in Finnish in 1885, containing varied material for single- and double-line accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

However, Paul's career fell short of attention after this death, which may also have been due to the wider public finding the music he played too artistic, according to Markku Lepistö.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Paul also did not compose his own music, and the sound disc had not yet been invented to record his performances for posterity.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[41] At the beginning of the next century, the accordion was almost entirely a musical instrument for dance and game music.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The instrument had a very “secular” and ravenous reputation and was not accepted into, say, churches.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Multi-row and larger-format accordions began to take over the industry in the early decades of the 20th century.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

However, interest in single- and double-row ones has revived since the 1970s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Some of the most prominent Finnish single- and double-line accordion players of the century were Iisakki Myllymäki, Aapeli Hautanen, Tauno Aho, Veikko Turja, Tauno Krossi, Teppo Välimäki, Veli-Matti Järvenpää and Jaana Rinta-Ruona.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] Jussi Homan and Leander Norrback were the first Finnish chromatic accordion players to rise to the wider consciousness, adding salon music, overtures and virtuoso pieces to their repertoire in the early 1920s, and they adopted influences from Frosin among others and from Deiro [1].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In Finland, one of the first music scholars to take a more positive view of the accordion was Heikki Klemetti, who, after hearing the playing of Leander Norrback in particular, began to regard the accordion as an instrument comparable to violin and piano.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[42] The “golden age” of the accordion was the 1930s-1950s, when the instrument played a key role in almost all Finnish dance and entertainment music.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

On the Continuation War-era entertainment tours of the front, the accordion was the main accompaniment instrument, as it was easy to carry along, and there was a large group of multi-level players on tour, from country-famous masters to village game manns.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[43] The most important names of the Golden Age were Viljo Vesterinen, Toivo Manninen, Onni Laihanen, Matti Viljanen, Paul Norrback and Lasse Pihlajamaa.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] The Finnish Accordion Association was founded 1952.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[44] In the 1950s Lasse Pihlajamaa, Paul Norrback and Veikko Ahvenainen began to develop accordion music in the direction of concert music — Ahvenainen later also church music — while Matti Viljanen in particular expanded its scale towards jazz.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[45] After the wars, Toivo Kärki, who reformed Finnish tango, who played the accordion himself, made the accordion tango a central accompaniment instrument by writing solos for the recitals and intersections of the songs, as well as accompanying contributions to the background of the vocal parts.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[46] Accordions began to be produced in Finland in the 1930s, after mainly German and Italian import instruments had been used until then.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Kouvola accordion factory operated from 1932 to 1995.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

An accordion factory owned by Nestori Kukkola started in Vyborg and operated from the early 1930s until 1939.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

After the wars, it continued to operate in Lahti until the mid-1950s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Kurika was home to a Kurika instrument hall owned by Sameli Elomaa from the 1930s until much of the 1960s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[47] Since the discontinuation of Kouvolan Harmonikka Oy, there has been no more industrial accordion manufacturing in Finland or in the Nordic countries as a whole since 1995.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[48] Handcrafted small-row accordions in Finland are still made by Jarkko Helin in Tampere, who specialises in Cajun accordions [49] and Aaro Luukinen, who continues the work of Matti Luukinen in Pori.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[50] [51] The Ikaalinen School of Arts and Crafts can take up to three years of artecan degree in accordion building.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[52] Throughout the 1960s the accordion became sidetracked in light music as new youth music grew in popularity.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Record producers — with the exception of PSO (Nordic Sähkö Oy) led by Martti Piha — directed the focus of their activities away from traditional dance music, which had been the strongest area of the accordion.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

At the same time, interest in the Finnish accordion competitions started by Martti Jäppilä during the war, which were discontinued in the 1970s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Their part in the phenomenon was the generalisation of television and the withering of dance stage culture.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The accordion was no longer needed mainly as an accompaniment player in diminishing dance music recordings and many accordion masters were forced to end their careers for lack of work.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[53] On the other hand, for example for Matti Viljanen, Taito Vainio and Kalevi Nyqvist, who were good general musicians and mastered the instrumentation for different musical ensembles, continued to work as arrangers.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[54] The accordion began to be profiled as an art instrument also in Finland starting in the 1960s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Astonishingly, just at the same time as public interest in accordion music declined, a number of young and very talented players emerged, in whose hands the accordion became a full-fledged concert instrument.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[55] Finland's first work specially composed for melody bass accordion was Matti Murro's Meditation (1975).


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[56] Finnish contemporary music for accordion has also been composed by artists such as Kalevi Aho, Pehr Henrik Nordgren, Jukka Tiensuu and Heikki Valpola [1].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Imatra Music Institute was the first to start training accordion players in Finland.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[57] Higher education in the accordion started first at the Jyväskylä Konservatory in 1974 under Alpo Pohja.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In 1977, teaching of the instrument was also started at the Sibelius Academy, when Matti Rantanen became the director of the accordion class [58].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Aaro Kurkela, Taito Vainio, Merja Ikkelä, Maria Kalaniemi, Mika Väyrynen, Heidi Velamo and Marjut Tynkkynen have been mentioned as the most important Finnish accordion artists of the end of the century.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Ikaalis is the site of the Sata-Häme Soi event held since 1972 — where Lasse Pihlajamaa, who has won the title of music advice, has been decisive — and the Golden Accordion Competition held since 1983 and later also the Children's Hopeinen Accordion Competition thanks to the formation of Finnish accordion music center.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[59] Taito Vainio's album Golden Accordion from 1981 was Finland's first accordion album to cross the gold label.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[60] Accordion playing in Finland has diversified further in the 2000s and Finland has also gained international recognition in the accordion world.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Kimmo Mattila was elected Secretary-General of the International Accordion Union in 2006 [61], and Ikaalis became the international headquarters of the federation after Vienna [62].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Prominent accordion artists in the early 2000s have included Johanna Juhola [63], who has created an international career [64], and Veli Kujala, who created an international career, and Veli Kujala, who developed an accordion tuned for foursome tunes and premiered the concerto for it in September 2008 [65].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In 2009, the Finnish Accordion Association consisted of about 4500 staff members.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[44] Accordion Manufacturing Parts The accordion consists of hundreds of parts made of wood, metal, plastic and other materials.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The frame of the player, supporting structures and tongue benches are usually made of light hardwood, for example, aspen.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Bellows are made of solid manilla cardboard.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Leather is used for the pivot points of the bellows, and their outer corners are reinforced with metal.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The cage that gives the musical instrument appearance can be made of metal or plastic.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The manufacturer's logo is usually attached to it and is perforated to maximize sound flow.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[6] The accordion is also equipped with an air valve, with which the bellows can be opened and closed silently if necessary.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The choice of materials for the case and support structures of the accordion has little, if any, impact on sound quality.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

When choosing the material for these parts, emphasis is placed on the stability, durability and lightness of the materials.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Strings are usually heat-treated steel and are attached to aluminum stringed slabs.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

To minimize air consumption, there are also leather or plastic flaps on the tongues.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The arms of the bass contacts and the control mechanisms of the registers are also metallic.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The accordion thongs, which the player threads over their shoulders, are usually strong leather, as is the thong on the left hand, which allows the bellows to move.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Leather or plastic seals and wax minimize air consumption even at the joints.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The keys and contact parts of the registers are usually plastic.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[6] Manufacturing process Due to the many different types of parts and materials required by accordion, its manufacturing process can never be fully automated.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Assembling any accordion always requires a large amount of craftsmanship.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The process consists of making individual parts, assembling larger subsets, assembling the whole accordion, and final decoration and packaging.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[6] Different manufacturers buy individual parts from manufacturers specializing in them or make them themselves.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The manufacture of wooden parts is highly machined, and the use of various woodworking machines allows precise dimensions and efficient production of parts.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Plastic parts are traditionally made of celluloid, which is one of the first plastic grades.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Celluloid is made from cellulose by nitration and is highly flammable.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Thick plates of celluloid are boiled in a water bath, causing them to sag leather-like and easily moldable into the intricate shapes of the instrument on top of the molds.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

It takes three months for celluloid to shrink and settle into the desired shape.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Celluloid is a very durable material, one hundred years old musical instruments may have an original coating.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In addition, its formability is of its own class, surface damage can be repaired by replacing the damaged area and provides a beautiful warp pattern typical of accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The manufacture of metal parts requires several stages.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Metal needs to be melted, and parts take shape in different molds as they cool.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Metal tongue free leaf parts are heat treated to make them more elastic and firm and do not break easily.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[6] [66] When assembling strings, the free leaves are screwed or waxed into tongue tiles with two openings.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The free leaf is fixed on both sides of the opening, and the opening is equipped with a leather or plastic valve.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The string tiles are further attached to wooden tongue benches, which are mounted on the instrument's treble and bass sides.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The key and register mechanisms by which air flow to the language benches and strings is controlled are attached to the supporting structures of the player.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[6] The production of bellows is normally outsourced to specialized manufacturers.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The bellows are bent out of strong cardboard and equipped with leather and metal parts from their corners.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The treble and bass sides are attached to the bellows and usually sealed with wax to prevent air leakage.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[6] The craftsmen assembling the instrument also act as quality supervisors at all times.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

They usually visually distinguish low-quality parts during the work.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Subcontractors producing parts normally have their own quality assurance methods.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[6] Increasingly light accordion models are expected in the future, in which the player is even more simply able to influence the pitch of each language.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The processing capabilities of the player are also constantly improving as parts and technology evolve.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[6] Accordion manufacturers Accordions are now manufactured in various parts of the world in various forms in several dozen accordion factories.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

More industrial accordion manufacturers operate at least in Italy, Germany, Russia, France and China.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In addition to these instruments are produced at least in the Netherlands, Belgium, Britain, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland and the Czech Republic.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] [50] Other countries, such as Finland, also have small numbers of hand-crafted and repairing handicrafts professionals of different types of accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[50] The increase in labor and material costs has eroded the profitability of many traditional accordion manufacturers and industrial accordion manufacturing has begun to focus in recent decades.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The most notable event may be cited as the sale of German Hohner to outside investors.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Weltmeister, based in Klingenthal in the area of the former GDR, was privatised and is now known as Harmona.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] The main country of accordion production is still Italy, especially the city of Castelfidardo, where dozens of large and smaller manufacturers of accordions and their parts are active, such as Borsini, Bugari, Castagnari, Excelsior, Menghini, Pigini, Scandalli, Victoria and Zero Sette.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Many manufacturers make accordions and accordion parts under different names for their own brands of importers from different countries.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Lasse Pihlajamaa accordions sold in Finland, for example, are manufactured by Pigini.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[67] Of US-owned current and former accordion brands, at least Bell, Castiglione, Colombo, Excelsior, Gabanelli, Giulietti, Imperial, Iorio, Kuchar, Lo Duca, Mervar, Modern, Monarch, Nobe, Pancordion, Petosa, Silvertone, Titano, Video and Wurlitzer have been manufactured in Italy.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Many American manufacturers, including Christy Hengel, use Italian language sets.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Pigini's Mythos and Super Bayan designs and Hohner's Gola and Morino characters have been cited as the most advanced Western key accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Of the latter, even instruments manufactured in the 1950s and 1960s have retained their value as popular with collectors and callers.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The most prestigious Russian Bajan accordion model and manufacturer is probably Jupiter, which has also recently collaborated with Pigin precisely to develop the Mythos model. [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Chinese and other East Asian accordion makers became famous towards the end of the 20th century for their cheap accordion designs aimed at students [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the early days of production in the 1950s, the quality of Chinese musical instruments was quite poor, but began to improve after the state took factories under their control.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

For example, the state-owned Tianjin accordion factory began manufacturing melody bass accordions from 1985 onwards.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Other accordion makers have been located at least in Chongqing and Shanghai.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] Accordion ensembles and clubs In addition to the accordion being a solo instrument, an accompanying instrument and one orchestral instrument among others ranging from dance music to chamber music, there are also special accordion ensembles or orchestras for which music has been composed.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

An accordion ensemble may refer to a composition consisting of accordions alone, or an ensemble with other instruments in addition to accordions to support harmony or rhythm.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[68] German accordion manufacturer Hohner sponsored the company's accordion orchestra as early as the 1920s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

It toured performing around Europe while marketing the company's instruments.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Hohner also released sheet music material for accordion ensembles, which contributed widely to the emergence of many enthusiast ensembles.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In Germany, the period of Nazi dominance held back the development of accordion ensembles, as the accordion was not considered an instrument suitable for the National Socialist cause.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

However, the accordion orchestra phenomenon continued to progress, especially in other parts of continental Europe and Britain.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[68] Accordion ensemble activities often focus on hobby nature accordion clubs whose members gather to play motivated by enthusiasm for accordion music as well as a love for the instrument.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Accordion clubs can play different types of music, from light classical to folk, and use different types of accordions too.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

What is common is that they do not bow to high culture standards defined by civilisation but organise their own musical community themselves, whose competitions, concerts, tours, news magazines, websites, international contacts, etc., are maintained by voluntary force.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[68] Along with hobbyist clubs, history also knows professional accordion ensembles, especially in 1930s and 1940s Britain, whose repertoire consisted mostly of dance music and evergreens.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Professional accordion orchestras already existed in Germany before the time of National Socialism.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[68] A particular form of accordion band that has evolved around political activity is a marching, up to 30-person accordion procession performed among Protestants in Northern Ireland.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Accordion processions marched through the streets performing nationalist songs and anthems to express political affiliation.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In Ireland, on the other hand, similar processions of folk music ensembles have been performed without a particular political message.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[68] Accordion ensembles have been used as a means of political communication elsewhere, for example in 1960s Communist China [9].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

As a disseminator of a religious message, one of the best known forms of accordion is the concertina ensemble used by the Salvation Army, especially in Britain since the 1930s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[69] The Finnish Accordion Association includes about one hundred regional accordion clubs and associations (2009).


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[44] Audio Sources On The Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV (Louis God-given,, nicknames the Sun King,, and earlier Louis the Great,; 5 September 1638 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye — 1 September 1715, Versailles) was King of France and Navarre from 1643 to 1715.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He was the third ruler of the Bourbon lineage and thus belonging to the Capetingian dynasty.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

At the age of four, Louis XIV, who ascended the throne, is the longest-reigning European head of state ever.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The monarchy based on absolutism, or absolute autocracy, reached its peak in his time, and the monarch became the centre of all activities.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV is perhaps best remembered as the builder of the flamboyant Palace of Versailles, an eliminator of the last vestiges of feudalism, and as a reinforcement of kingship who felt that the king had a divine right to his position.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

During his reign, France also fought numerous wars, the most notable being the Franco-Dutch War (1672—1678), the Nine Years' War (1688—1697), and the War of the Spanish Succession (1701—1714).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In Louis's reign, the military might of Royal France was at its peak, and the French army was considered almost invincible right up until the War of the Spanish Succession.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

With his wars, he significantly expanded French territories in Europe.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Moreover, during his reign the French colonies expanded greatly and by the end of his reign much of North America belonged to France.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV is one of the most famous and respected kings of France, but on the other hand his wars were very costly and the human and economic losses they caused were enormous.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In addition, Louis XIV persecuted the Protestants of France, or Huguenots, and caused the escape of over two hundred thousand citizens from France to Switzerland, the Netherlands and Germany, among others.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Childhood Louis — God-given On Sunday, 5 September 1638, at about 11 o'clock, the heir to the throne, the dauphin, was born at Château-Neuf de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

His birth was considered quite a miracle: after all, his parents Louis XIII and Anna the Austrian had been married for 23 years.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The child was given the name Louis Dieudonné, Louis God-given, as his birth was seen as a token of heavenly grace.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Some contemporaries thought that Louis XIII would not have been the biological father of the child, as he was widely rumored to be homosexual.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The little Louis was already given the rank of “First Son of France” (premier fils de France) at birth and the more traditional title of Dauphin of Vienne.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Two years after Louis's birth, he was born a younger brother Philip, who was made at first Duke of Anjou and later of Orléans.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Upon the death of his father Louis XIII, Louis XIV inherited the throne.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He was then only four years old, so his mother Anna the Austrian acted as regent, but handed over the exercise of power to Cardinal Mazarin.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The French high nobility was unhappy with the transfer of power, as it could not accept the transfer of power to Cardinal Richelieu's loyal deputy.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

King's upbringing In March 1646, Cardinal Mazarin, in addition to his ministerial duties and responsibilities, was also given responsibility for the upbringing of Louis XIV and his younger brother Philip.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He was appointed High Supervisor of the personal upbringing of the King and the Duke of Anjou.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV was not a very industrious or diligent pupil in Latin, history, mathematics, Italian or drawing, but he showed great aptitude in the art of painting, architecture and music.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Particularly close to Louis's heart was dance, which at that time was an essential part of a gentleman's upbringing.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It has been said that the young Louis XIV used to dance every day from the age of seven until the age of 27.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He was also an avid enthusiast of the jeu de paume, a precursor of tennis, as well as a hunter.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Colourful Childhood In his childhood Louis XIV was often in danger of life but narrowly avoided death.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

His mother and Mazarin gave him to be supervised by servants, but they did not look after him.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

When Louis was nine years old, the French nobles and the burghers of Paris turned against Mazarin, broke out a bourgeoisie war, the Fronde, which lasted six years.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis never forgave the fear, submission and embarrassment that the nobles did to him.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

This was likely to reinforce the belief of the God-given child and his special protection.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Aged five, he was rescued at the last minute from drowning in a pool of water in the Palais-Royale garden.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

At the age of ten, Louis contracted smallpox.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Still ten days after falling ill, doctors did not give any hope of saving the child, but the young king nevertheless survived the illness.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The third near-misses situation was on 30 June 1648, when the king contracted food poisoning during his conquest of the town of Bergues.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis was given the final anointing on 7 July, and preparations were already beginning to be made for the succession to power.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

However, Anna's anti-vomiting medicine administered by an Austrian spirit doctor caused the king to recover.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The trials of Fronde After reaching the confession and enjoying his first communion at the age of 12 in the church of Saint-Eustache on 25 December 1649, the young king became a member of the King's Council.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Just at the same time, the supreme aristocracy sided itself in the Fronde Rebellion against the prestige and authority of the king.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Already in 1648, the movement of the supreme aristocracy had begun, with Armand de Bourbon-Conti, Prince of Conti at the head.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

His brother Louis II Condé was instrumental in the rebellion; both princes were descended from the House of Bourbon.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Their aim was to oust Cardinal Mazarin, who was accused in particular of taxation that had gone too hard.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1650, the high-ranking princes were arrested, but counted fairly soon back to freedom.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

However, the Fronde Rebellion caused Cardinal Mazarin to flee twice from France to Spain.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The Queen Mother Anna and the young Louis sought to join the exiles on 8 February 1651, but the people occupied the Louvre Palace and prevented the royal family's departure.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The rebellion left indelible marks on Louis XIV.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He reacted to the event later by continuing the work of Cardinal Richelieu aimed at systematically reducing the power of the so-called sword-nobility, and obliged them to serve in various court positions.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In doing so, in reality, he shifted the administration in the direction of centralized power, operating on the nobility of the civil service.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The lit de justice, assembled at the Parliament of Paris, declared the king of age on 7 September 1651.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

All prominent aristocrats and princes of the kingdom went to swear their oaths of allegiance to the king, with the exception of the princes of Condé who were assembling an army in Guyenne to invade Paris.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV was anointed at Reims on 7 June 1651, but left all political activities to Cardinal Mazarin.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He himself focused on continuing his military training under Henri Turenne.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Domestic politics The defense of autocracy by Louis XIV was also known by the additional name the Great, as he strengthened the monarchy's position in society.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He himself became an autocrat with a divine right to his power.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

On April 13, 1655, the king promulgated 17 edicts intended to fill chronically empty state coffers.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It is claimed that in this context Louis would have said his immortal phrase “the state is me” (l'État, c'est moi).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The topic is moot, but apparently he really said that.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

[1] On his deathbed in 1715, Louis stated, “I exited, but the state will always be preserved”.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV perceived himself as the first servant of the state.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Elimination of Fouquet after the death of Cardinal Mazarin on 9 March 1661, Louis XIV's first action was to abolish the function of Minister of Money and take personal charge of running the entire government, but the king's close circle was not convinced of his abilities as a statesman.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV came to show his talents and thus prove his prestige.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Six months later, on 5 September 1661, having reached the age of 23, the king followed the opinions of his advisers and allowed the arrest of his influential minister, Nicolas Fouquet (1615—1680), who had been an all-powerful economy minister and the most powerful person in France under the monarch himself after.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The young king deposed his minister accused of wrongdoing to demonstrate the magnitude of his power.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Even if Fouquet had committed some wrongdoing, in no case had he acted worse than his predecessor, Mazarin, or his successor, Colbert.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He had even demonstrated a certain effectiveness during his eight-year ministry, as the French state economy had improved from the state it had fallen into as a result of the Thirty Years' War and the Fronde Rebellion in the regions of 1648.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

However, King had a need to show that he was in control himself and that he could eliminate anyone who had become overly ambitious.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

After a three-year legal process under the King's program, Fouquet was replaced by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1665.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In this case, it can be said that the real exercise of power of the Sun King


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The first major reforms The first half of the reign of Louis XIV the Great was a time of major administrative reforms.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It was, in particular, a time of increased tax burden.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He created in 1667 Louis's legal system, a form of civil law standard.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

A similar legal standard for the field of criminal law he created in 1670.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Forest use and shipping legislation he created in 1669 as well as trade legislation in 1673.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Over time, two separate clans formed around the king, competing with each other in almost everything.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The Colbert clan controlled almost everything that touched the economy, foreign policy, shipping and culture, while the clan of François Michel Louvois held in particular the territory of French defence.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The king therefore adopted his motto: “Divide so that you will rule better.”


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The king had two rival factions to command, and it was clear that they exercised effective control over each other.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In this way, possible coup plans of the ministers against the king were prevented.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

By 1671 the Colbert clan played a leading role, but as preparations for the war against Holland began and Colbert had great reservations about the increase in government expenditure required for the war, he fell out of favour in the eyes of the king.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

On top of this, the age difference between Colbert (52 years at that time) and King (33 years) caused the King to approach his peer Louvois, who was only 30 years old and had the same hobby as the king: war.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Until 1685, the Louvois clan was highly influential in relation to the king.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Foreign policy Since the birth of Louis XIV, France had been constantly at war with Spain, particularly to oppose the Habsburgs” rule in Europe.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

France participated in the final stages of the Thirty Years' War, which ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Moreover, the country had to deal with its internal conflicts related to the revolt led by Condé, principally Spanish-backed.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

As a soldier under Louis XIV on 23 June 1658, the French, who had recently made an alliance with the English, achieved a significant victory at Dunkirk over Condé, supported by the Spanish, at the Battle of Denes.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The English were led at that time by Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It was only about 20-year-old Louis XIV's first major victory.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Of the 54 years of his reign, Louis XIV devoted a total of 32 years to warfare.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The king allowed Colbert to rule, and with the assistance of Michel Le Tellier and subsequently that son Louvois, he reorganised the army: unified the expenditure of funds, established the Hôtel des Invalides (a pensioner and invalid home) in 1670, and reformed the system of calling for service.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

This new political action reduced the number of fugitives from the army, and the standard of living of soldiers rose significantly.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The king asked Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban to build a belt of defensive systems on the territory of the kingdom.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV had at his disposal a 300,000-man strong army and, in order to strengthen France's positions in the world political field, he led the country into numerous wars and conflicts.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV's First War was the Dévolution War, caused by the death of the King of Spain and lasted from 1667 until 1668.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The next larger conflict was the Dutch War, which lasted from 1672 until 1678, ending in the well-known Peace of Nijmegen.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The Nine Years' War, or War of the Augsburg League or War of the Palatinate Succession, was fought in 1688—1697, with the last major conflict being the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701—1714.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In this conflict, French interests were really great, as Louis XIV's grandson had been obtained as King of Spain and the Habsburgs were attempting to seize the throne for themselves.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

These wars greatly increased the territorial ensemble of France.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Under Louis XIV, Upper Alsace, Metz, Toul, Verun (Meuse), French-speaking Flanders, Franche-Comté, Depertement of Sarre, County of Haineut and Lower Alsace were annexed to France.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

This all significantly increased French hegemony in Europe.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

However, the state's continued existence in a state of war led it to the brink of bankruptcy and forced an increase in the tax burden of the people already pregnant, although the nobles were also subject to taxation.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The royal family also had to pay their taxes.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

During the reign of Louis XIV, the nobility became an enactment of courtesans, subjugated to the king's will.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

King gave political power to the bourgeoisie, of which Colbert exemplifies well.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He allowed only limited initiative to the nobility he despised.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

His successor Louis XV did not follow the same policy.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

At the beginning of Louis XIV's reign, the other great and powerful state was Spain, while at the end of the reign England emerged as the most dangerous adversary.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Economic policy Economy Louis XIV's economic policy was very simple: the king spent all the money that Colbert managed to fade into the state coffers in the war.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Extortionate taxation under Mazarin was the instigator of numerous uprisings, similar to that had been the nobility's revolt against the Fronde and the popular revolt of the Jacquerie: the revolt of the land labourers of the Sologne region, or wooden shoe wearers, from April to August 1658, and the Boulonnais revolt in May 1662 ( the event is sometimes called the Lustucrus Rebellion).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

After Mazarin, Colbert continued to make new economic inventions.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He developed his own version of mercantilism, which was subsequently called colbertism.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

This economic policy can be explained in a couple of words: you have to increase exports and reduce imports.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He established manufactures that may have been owned by the state, such as the Beuvais Weaving and the Gobelins Manufacture, or privately owned such as the Manufacture of Saint-Cobain.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

For the currency to flow into the country, Colbert favored exports and subsidized it through the state.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

His policies also included restricting imports and strong protectionism.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He urged and enticed Europe's best craftsmen to come to work in France, so that the country could have offered the best quality products that would also be easy to sell on behalf of their quality.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

To facilitate commerce, Colbert improved France's infrastructure, especially through the construction of new roads.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

With the assistance of his son Jan-Baptiste Colbert, or Marquess of Seignelay, he also developed a merchant navy to promote exports and the Royal Warship to secure voyage by convoys.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Increasing colonies and developing so-called merchant companies were also part of Colbert's program.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Although the interest of the zealous monarch and his minister was the whole then known world, only the French East Indies Trade Company, the French West Indies (American) Trade Company, the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire's trading partner were established in their time, and Senegal ( African) trading company, part of which became the organization of the tripartite trade of slaves.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Evolution of Colonial Western In 1654, Canada was colonized for its abundant natural resources, especially fur.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The territories were controlled by the New France Trade Company.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1659, a trading post named after King Louis the Saint was established and was located on Ndar Island off the coast of Senegal.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1673, the Senegalese trading company obtained the right to convey slaves to the islands of the Antilles.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1665, Louis XIV established the East India Trade Company, which was stationed on the island of Madagascar.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In the same year, Colbert purchased the Charfles Houel du Petit Pré of Guadeloupe, leader of the American Islands Trading Company, and the island of Martinique from Jecques Dryel Duparque.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

All these territories were ceded to the control of the Indian Trade Company, which experienced bankruptcy in 1674.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In this case, the territories were re-annexed to


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1677, Admiral Jean d'Estrées usurped French Guiana from the Dutch by order of the King.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Additionally, in 1682, René La Salle founded a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River, which was named Louisiane (Nouvelle-France) in honour of Louis XIV.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1697, in the Peace of Ryswick, France was assigned the western half of the island of Haiti, the present-day Republic of Haiti.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Despite all that, Colbert was more interested in the colonies than Louis XIV.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The king had a need to obtain cannon fodder to continue wars in Europe, and only a very small number of the inhabitants were sent to the colonies: committed and young orphan girls—les filles du roi, the king's girls—were sent to Canada.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Colbert saw the wide potential for the development of colonies, but stated in his correspondence with the intendent of the region of the American continent strictly that the role of the colonies is to serve the Kingdom and should not develop at the expense of the Kingdom's industry.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

However, in order to promote the natural development of the colonies, he established a penalty fee for unmarried men aged 20 and over and for unmarried women aged 16 and over.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

On the other hand, he started supporting families with children: a special allowance of 300 livres was allocated to families with more than ten children.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Black Legislation In March 1685, Louis XIV enacted the so-called “Black Legislation”, which allowed the complete exploitation of slaves in the colonies.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

This legislation, which opponents felt allowed the institutionalization of slavery, was intended to restrict trade and give slaves their own status, for prior to this they were merely the movable property of their owners in the same way as chairs or tables.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The law guaranteed ownership of slaves, naturally very limited.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

They were entitled to an old-age pension, they had to be treated well and had to get proper sustenance.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The legislation thus regulated the frameworks for the treatment of blacks.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Religion Politics The Wars of Religion in France took place 40 years of bloody wars of faith, the so-called Huguenot Wars (1562—1598) between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The wars ended momentarily in 1598 with the Edict of Nantes proclaimed by Henry IV of Navarre.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It guaranteed the Huguenots freedom of faith and they got their rights secured to some extent.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Under the Catholic Louis XIII (1601—1643), the Wars of Religion continued.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Richelieu and Louis XIV repealed the Edicts and began systematic persecutions of Protestants, which escalated in 1685, when some 250,000 Huguenots were forced by oppression and persecution to move out of France to countries including the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany and England.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Religious Reforms Louis XIV was a partisan of Gallikanism, aiming for papal control of an independent and united Christian France.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

On 13 December 1660, the king made it known to Parliament that he had decided to abolish Jansenism, a form of post-Reformed interpretation of Catholic religion by its roots.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

However, this did not prevent him from electing Simon Arnauld de Pompenne, a prominent Jansenist, as his Secretary of State in 1671 after peace in ecclesiastical affairs had been established.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

For the same reason, Louis XIV also acted against Protestantism and the Order of the Holy Sacrament.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

If, early in his reign, Louis XIV had disagreements with the Pope, and even the threat of war in 1662 against Pope Alexander VII, then from 1684 onwards the Sun King was considerably more religiously oriented.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Queen Marie-Thérèse and Colbert had both died in 1683, and Madame de Maintenon had become the king's secret consort.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It is reported that he was an ardent defender of the Nantes Declaration, but current research cannot confirm such a view.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The Cancellation of the Declaration of Nantes The Declaration of Nantes is a law signed in the city of Nantes on 13 April 1598 and issued by King Henry IV of France.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In it, the king allowed Protestants freedom of religion within some conditions, and at the same time they were allowed some military fortifications.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The guarantees given to Protestants by the Nantes Declaration to maintain military bases were already revoked under Louis XIII.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Its religious passages were revoked under Louis XIV in 1685 by the Fontainebleau Declaration, which, in addition to the king, had been signed by his chancellor, Michel Le Tellier (1603—1685).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Protestant religion was subsequently banned throughout the territory of the French state.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

As a result of this repeal, several Huguenots went on to become emigrants to Protestant countries: England, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands and its colonies.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

One can talk about 200,000 refugees, several of whom were artisans and members of urban bourgeoisie families.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Recently, historians Michel Morrineau and Jannine Garrisson have been creating a considerably more multi-strong picture of the economic consequences of this declaration of expulsion.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It can therefore be observed that the French economy was handsomely large in 1686.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The emergence of French settlements across Europe also allowed new export markets to be opened, but at the same time marked the rise of French-speaking culture in the coming century to dominate Europe.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The revocation of the Nantes Declaration also had indirect effects on Protestants revolts, such as the so-called Camisard War.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Converts to the Catholic faith also increased.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The Protestant creed was not like a small minority in France under Louis XIV.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It was never more than 10% higher, neither was it during the wars of faith.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

By domesticating the nobility, Louis XIV also tamed religion.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

If numerous members of the nobility professed Protestant religion in the 16th century, then the issue was more about politics than faith, though some of them are also associated with Jean Calvin's forces.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV created a court based on the balance between the various grouping of nobles.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The king succeeded in converting numerous Protestant nobles who, in pursuit of missions at court, converted to the religion of the most Catholic prince, Catholicism.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Some historians have interpreted this as saying that France was to be governed “on the basis of one king, one faith and one law”.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

After Mazarin's death, Louis and his ministers reduced, piece by piece, the privileges of Protestants that the monarchy had permitted since 1598.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The abolition of these rights was not a measure made in quick temper, but a slow and soft continuation, as Protestants lacked a competent and charismatic leader who might have competed with Catholic diverse and strong propaganda.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Cultural politics Louis as builder In King Louis XIV's ideas, the greatness of the Kingdom was measured by the awesomeness of its construction.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

As well as gradually expanding throughout his reign the grandiose Palace of Versailles, he also built the Marly Palace to which he could invite his most intimate guests.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In all his palaces, as in Saint Germain during the early period of his reign, he executed the gardens designed by André Le Nôtre.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In Paris, he built the Royal Bridge over the Seine (Pont Royal).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

It was financed from the king's personal funds, which were admittedly collected in taxes from the people.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Other building sites substantially related to the cityscape of Paris included the Champs-Élysées street, the Hôtel des Invalides, or home barracks for war valids and pensioners, and the Vendôme and Victoires squares.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

His interest in the sciences he expressed by building the Paris Observatory.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

These are all still part of the Paris cityscape.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV thoroughly reformed urban structures in Lille, Besançon, Belfort and Briançon, among others; he, you see, entrusted the creation of urban fortifications to Vauban.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Some cities such as Versailles and Neuf-Brisach he either founded or developed to great extent.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In order to improve the Royal Navy, Louis XIV developed the ports and arsenals of both Brest and Toulon.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He established the war port of Rochefort on the Atlantic shore, but also developed the trading ports of Lorient and Sète, and established a free port and galley fleet in Marseille.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV's works across France also include: the creation of the Comédie-Française, which began in 1680, and the opening of the Midi Canal to traffic in 1681.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

This canal connects the Atlantic and Mediterranean and passes through Toulouse.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In November 1682, the king laid the foundation stone of the Lycée Louis-le-Grand collège in Paris; the educational institution quickly became very popular and at the same time also prestigious.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1702, he divided Paris into 20 blocks, or arrondissement, and established public street lighting in the city as well as a police force tasked with being on call on the streets of the capital.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV — patron of the arts after Fouquet's arrest, the Sun King wanted to imitate the gloriously luxurious life of his minister.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV was extremely profligate, spending immense sums on the expenditure of the royal court.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He acted as a mesenate and patron of the arts, financially supporting the great cultural figures of his era, such as Molière (as a seal of friendship, he agreed to become the lap godparents of his first child), musician Jean-Baptiste Lully or decorator Charles Le Brun and gardener André Le Nôtre.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He placed the French Academy under his personal supervision, and became a “protecteur” of the academy.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV spent significant sums reforming the Louvre before he had definitively decided to choose Versailles as his royal residence.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He moved to Versailles in 1682 after twenty years of reform and expansion work.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV's lifestyle and cultural pursuits were imitated in almost every court in Europe.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The effects of the life form spread to the bourgeoisie, albeit with diluted and minor references to the original.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The Sun King era is generally considered to be the Baroque era, although in France there is an established denomination of the Louis XIV style and period.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV and women Louis XIV had numerous mistresses, among whom must be mentioned including: Anne de Rohan-Chabot, Princess of Soubise (1641—1709) Catherine-Charlotte de Gramont, Princess of Monaco (1639—1678) Louise Françoise de la Baume le Blanc, Demoiselle de de La Vallière, Duchess of Vaujours (1644—1710) Françoise Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquess of Montespan (1640—1707) Madame de Ludres (1687—1722) Claude de Vin des Œillets (1637—1687) Françoise d'Aubigné, Markigné of Maintenon Sess (1635—1719), to whom he married secretly after the death of his wife, apparently in the autumn of 1683 to Marie Angélique de Scoraille de Roussi, Duchess of Fontanges (1661—1681) As a teenager, Louis XIV encountered Mazarin's niece Marie Mancini, and a great passion arose between them.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

This was contrary to the cardinal's purposes, hence the interest of France, but also for his own interests, he wished to marry his niece to the heir to the Spanish throne.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1670, the novelist Jean Racine obtained the subject of the relationship between the king and Marie Mancini for writing the Bérénice—play.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Several stories claim that Catherine de Bauvais would have gained the privilege of taking away the king's boyhood, but historians sharply disagree with the stories.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In any case, this woman of low descent received immense honour when the king's mother, Anna the Austrian, gifted her the building stones intended for the Louvre site.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

De Bauvais built a private palace of stones in Paris, where it is still located at 68 Place des Vosgues.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The palace thus built is simply just the Bauvais Palace.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Later, as a great female hero, the king built a secret staircase to the Palace of Versailles so that she could join her numerous mistresses secretly and at any time.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

These relationships irritated the religious and bigoted secret society known as the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Jacques Bénigne Bossuet and Mrs. de Maintenon tried to lead the king towards greater virtue.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Marriage of Reason The Spanish accepted on 7 November 1659 the signing of the Pyrenees Peace Treaty.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The treaty carefully laid down the border between France and Spain in the Pyrenees.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV accepted, perhaps reluctantly, the observance of the articles of the treaty, even that he was expected to marry the infanta Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche (1638—1683).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Marie-Thérèse was the daughter of Philip IV, King of Spain, and Elisabeth, Princess of France.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The marriage took place in the Basque Country, in the town of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, on 9 June 1660.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV had been acquainted with his future spouse just three days earlier.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

This did not speak French at all, but gossip reports that Louis fulfilled his manly duties with fervor, in the presence of witnesses.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The question of succession The problems of succession to power and at the same time also the health of Louis XIV became relevant towards the end of the reign.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

In 1711, his son Louis (“Grand Dauphin”) died of smallpox at the age of 49.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The following year Louis XIV's grandson, Duke Louis of Burgundy (1682—1713), who had become a dauphin after his father's death, and his second son Duke Louis of Brittany both died of measles.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The eldest son of the Duke of Burgundy had died as early as 1705.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He was left with only one son, the Duke of Anjou, the future Louis XV.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The second son of the Grand dauphin, a Spanish lineage, was elected King of Spain in 1700, taking the title Philip V.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

At the same time, he renounced all his claims to the French crown in the so-called. In connection with the War of the Spanish Succession and the Peace of Utrecht that ended it.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Thus Louis XIV realized his dream of having a member of the Bourbon dynasty of his own lineage on the Spanish throne.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Despite several changes, the House of Bourbon has retained possession of the Spanish crown right up to our days, and King Felipe VI is thus a descendant of Louis XIV in a direct descending knee.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

French lineage As for the rest of the succession, Charles the Duke of Berry (born.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

1686) died in 1714.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Apart from the Spanish lineage, Louis XIV's only legitimate male heir was the Duke of Anjou, Louis's great-grandson.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He was a small boy born in 1710 and of poor health.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

When there were none left but a very small number of so-called blood princes belonging to the younger branches of the House of Bourbon, King Louis XIV decided to strengthen the royal family by regularising the succession as well as Louis August Burbon, Duke of Maine, and Louis, Count of Toulouse Alexandren, who were the king's illegitimate children from an affair with Mrs. de Montespan.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

However, a legitimate direct descendant of the king, Count of Anjou, became dauphin and eventually ruler under the name Louis XV.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The duties of regent for the sake of his underage had been entrusted to Philip of Orléans (1674—1723), who was Louis XIV's nephew and son-in-law.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Last stages As an old man, the Sun King had many diseases that doctors tried to cure according to the best knowledge of the time.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

However, they only worsened the patient's condition.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

One treatment involved pulling teeth out of the mouth and being offered ground squats and eating icy fruit as medicine.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The most recent ailment was gangrene, and it was being medicated with donkey milk.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

[2] When the monarch felt his end was near, he asked his great-grandson, the future Louis XV, to join him and gave him important advice.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

The advice read: 'Don't love, like me, building art and wars.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

On the contrary, try to live in peace with your neighbors...


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Listen to good advice and follow them, try to improve the living conditions of the people, which, unfortunately, I was never able to do...” You can see this as honest self-accounts of a dying monarch.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

[3] Louis XIV died at the age of 76 on 1 September 1715 from septicemia caused by necrosis in his leg.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He would have turned 77 in four days.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He is said to have declared on his deathbed, “I will leave, but the state will always be preserved”.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV's reign had lasted 72 years and one hundred days, and was indeed one of the longest reigns of all time.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He was buried with all possible ecclesiastical sacraments dedicated to the “most Christian king”, and his grave was located in the basilica of the Abbey of Saint-Denis.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

During the French Revolution, the tomb of Louis XIV was looted by rebels and the remains of the king were lost.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

According to one story, at a dinner in Britain, the host presented his guests with a rare valuable item: the embalmed heart of Louis XIV, France's sun king, which he told him he had bought from revolutionaries.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Also among the guests was William Buckland, a priest and pedagogue known for his peculiar eating habits.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

He could offer his own guests a field mouse, a crocodile, a penguin or even a puppy.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

On seeing Louis's heart, he stated: “I have eaten many strange things in my life, but never the heart of a king.” Then he snatched the organ in his fork and ate it.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Descendants Louis XIV had numerous descendants both conjugal and extramarital.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

With his spouse Maria-Teresa of Austria, the king had five children, two sons and three daughters, only one of whom lived beyond childhood: Louis (1661—1711) or “Grand Dauphin” Marie-Thérèse (1667—1672) Anne-Elisabeth (1662—1662) Louis de France (1667—1683) Marie-Anne (1664— 1664— 1664).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

With his mistresses, Louis XIV had 16 or 17 children, eight of whom gained official child status: From the union with Mlle de La Vallière, six children were born, two of whom reached adulthood and were formalized: Marie Anne de Bourbon, who was called “The First of Blois Mademoiselle” (2 October 1666 — 3 May 1739), legalised (13 April 1667), married (16 January 1680) Louis Armand I of Bourbon-Conti.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis de Bourbon, Count of Vermandois (3 October 1667 — 18 November 1683), legalized (February 1669).


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

With Françoise Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquisess of Montespan, the king had eight children, six of whom were legitimized and four lived until adulthood: Louis Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine (31 March 1670 — 14 May 1736), legalized (20 December 1673), and he married Anne-Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé on 19 March 1692.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Seven children were born from this marriage, all of whom died leaving no offspring.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louise Françoise de Bourbon, who was called “Mademoiselle de Nantes” (1 June 1673 — 16 June 1743), legitimized (20 December 1673), she married on 24 July 1685 to Louis III de Bourbon-Condé, Duke of Bourbon and 6th Prince of Condé.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Nine children were born from this marriage.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, who was called “The Second Mademoiselle of Blois” (4 May 1677 — 1 February 1749), legitimized (November 1681), she married (18 February 1692) Philippe, the future regent, Duke of Orléans.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse (6 June 1678 — 1 December 1737), legitimized (November 1681), he married on 22 February 1723 Marie Victoire de Noailles and from this marriage one son was born.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Literature in English Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Louis Bertrand| title = Louis XIV's Love Adventures: 1—2 part| publisher = Patria| year = 1926}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| author = Carl Grimberg| title = History of Peoples (Part 15-16) | publisher = WSOY| year = 1958}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vincent Cronin| title = Louis XIV: king and human| publisher = Otava| year = 1969}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nancy Mitford| title = Sun King| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1979| id = IS| BN 951-35-1968-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Claude Duneton| title = Sun King: Louis XIV's Childhood | publisher = Otava| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-1-08990-0}}} Films Roberto Rossellini: La Prise du pouvoir par Louis XIV, 1967 Bernard Broderini: Merveilleuse Angélique, 1965 Randal Wallace: The Man in the Iron Mask, 1998 Gérard Corbiau: Le Roi danse, 2000 Roland Joffé: Vatel.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

2000 George Blagden: “Versailles” (series), 2015— Sources Biographies Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Yves Marie Bercé| title = Louis XIV| publisher = Cavalier Bleu| year = 2005| id = ISBN 2-84670-122-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lucien Ben Bély| title = Louis XIV premier d'entre les roi| publisher = Gisserot| year = 2005| id = ISBN 2-87747-772-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = François Bluche| title = Louis XIV premier d'entre les roi| publisher = Hachette| year = 1999| id = ISBN 2-0271-89| 87-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jean-Christian Petitfils| title = Louis XIV| publisher = Perrin| year = 1995| id = ISBN 2-235-02314-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gérard Sabatier| title = Versailles ou la figure du roi| publisher = Albin Michel| year = 1999| | id = ISBN 2- 226-10472-0}} Syntheses written by Voltaire — 1751 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Olivier Chaline| title = Le régne de Louis XIV| publisher = Flammarion| year = 2005| id = 2082105180}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pierre Goubert| author = Pierre Goubert| title = Le Louis XIV| year = 1998| id = 2253905453)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Joel Cornette| title = Chronique du règne de Louis XIV| publisher = SEDES| year = 1997| id = 2718190116}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hubert Methivier| title = Le siècle de Louis XIV| publisher = PUF| year = 1995| id = ISBN 2-253-90545-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = André Corvisier| title = La France de Louis XIV Ordre intérieur et place en Europe| publisher = SEDES| year = 1994| id = ISBN 2-7181-3676-3676-6}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = François Bluche| title = Le temps de Louis XIV| publisher = Hachette| year = 1994| id = ISBN 2-01-235105-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ragnhild Hatton| title = L'Époque de Louis XIV| publisher = Flammarion| year = 1992| | id = ASIN 2080609904}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Robert Mandrou| title = Louis XIV en son temps| publisher = PUF| year = 1990| id = ISBN 2-13-035864-0}} Monographs Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Faruk Bilici| title = Louis XIV et son projet de conquête d'Istanbul| publisher = Turk Tarih Kurumu| year = 2004| id = ISBN 975-16-1701-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Daniel Dessert| title = 1661, Naissance d'un mythe?


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Louis XIV prend le pouvoir| publisher = Complexe| year = 2000| id = ISBN 2-87027-792-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peter Burke| title= Louis XIV: les stratégies de la gloire| publisher = Seuil| year = 1998| id = ISBN 2-02-02063| publisher = Seuil| year = 1998| id = ISBN 2-02-02063| publisher = Seuil| year = 1998| id = ISBN 2-02-02068-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pierre Goubert| title = Louis XIV et vingt millions de français| publisher = Hachette| year= 1998| id = ISBN 2-01-278870-X}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| author = Hervé Hasquin| title = Louis XIV à face l'Europe du Nord| publisher = Racin| publisher = Racin| title = Louis XIV à face l'Europe du Nord| publisher = Racin| = 1995| id = ISBN 2- 87386-390-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jean Meyer| title = 1638 la naissance de Louis XIV| publisher = Complexe| year = 1989| id = ISBN 2-87027-303-7}} Science Picture History, 5/2013, Bonnier Publications Ltd References on the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who ruled after Louis XIV?

Louis XIV

On the pages of the castle of Versailles (in French) Category:French rulers Category:Born in 1638 Class:Those who died in 1715 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition, or composition (lat.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

compositio) means the overall structure of a work of art, how, for example, shapes and colours are grouped in a particular work.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition with three-dimensional elements, for example in sculpture or architecture, the word plastic composition is used.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition is the organization of pictorial elements into a meaningful whole on a picture surface.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

You can compare it to dramatization in the performing arts.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The term composition also refers to good composition, that is to arrange, grouping or placing different parts of an image in such a way that the parts form a cohesive, interesting or appropriate whole.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

According to the general view, a work of art is aesthetically pleasing when its parts create a balanced effect.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Harmony is achieved if the composition seems stable, and there is no need to add or remove anything.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Different designs have been created to help with the composition at different times, such as, for example, kontraposto or golden trim.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Various composition doctrines have been prepared for teaching composition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

What is the composition needed for?


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition is required where pictorial expression is used.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

For making an image, the skill of composition is essential.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition is one of the basic blocks of photography, as well as the different angles of view in films are carefully thought out.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

A number of different professional groups require composition in their everyday work.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Initially developed for the purposes of the art of painting, the means of composition are applied in printmaking, sculpture, architecture, city plan design, graphic design, typography, photography, film shooting and video photography, among others.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

In addition to professional people, knowledge of the basics of composition helps enthusiasts of different art disciplines develop pictorial expressiveness.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Pictorial Fundamentals Point A harmonious composition can arise from a single point because it is equated to the surrounding space.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The point may be an independent part of the composition, but only then does the composition create the impression of space and movement when a voltage of at least two elements is obtained.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Different sizes, individual features give a depth impression.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Line Horizontal A line is an intersection pattern of two surfaces or a groove of a moving point.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The simplest straight line is a horizontal, that is, a horizontal line.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Its basic features are coldness, broadness and flatness, calmness and persistence.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The balance is also connected to the horizontal line.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Vertical For a horizontal line, the opposite is vertical, that is, a vertical line.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

It is perceived as high, rising and solemn, warm, as well as moving.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Diagonal The third basic type of straight lines is diagonal, that is, an oblique line parallel to the diagonal.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

It has a tendency to dramaticism, liveliness and action.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The opposite of straight lines is a curve line, which can be dynamic and variable.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Other features A line may also include different movements: ascending, descending, twisting, approaching, fleeing, decelerating, and accelerating.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The curved line is soft.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Means of line expression include: line direction, density, position, shape, darkness, thickness, quantity, breaks, rhythm, and momentum.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Surface Base surface refers to the flat surface on which the work is carried out.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The shape of the base surface, that is, the ratio of the sides, determines the nature


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

When the vertical sides are clearly longer than the horizontal, the basal surface is hot or active in nature and, accordingly, when the horizontal sides are longer, the basal surface is cold or calm in nature.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The most balanced and neutral basal surface is the square.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Different parts of the base surface have different attention value.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

If the base surface is divided into four parts, the top right has the highest attention value, the second largest on the top left, followed by the bottom right and the least on the bottom left.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Significant factors include basal surface diagonals, which have been found to have a certain force of motion.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

When composing, attention can be shifted away from corners by leaving them appropriately poorer, allowing, for example, lines to transport the gaze to the most important parts of the image surface.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The top of the surface is light, and the lower part is heavy.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The left edge is joined by lightness, the right is again heavy and active.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The middle ground is calm.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Mass Volume refers to volume, three-dimensionality, piece or mass.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

It has three dimensions: length, height, and depth.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Rhythm Visual rhythm is the regular repetition of similar things such as lines, shapes, colors and casts.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

It is a cohesive force that connects different parts of the composition to each other.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

When recurrence occurs regularly we are talking about a bound rhythm.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

In a free rhythm, recurrence occurs irregularly.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

A mechanical rhythm is a trace left by a machine or an exact imitation of one.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Static factors create order and balance, dynamic activity, excitement and variation.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Balance The balance of the composition is realized when it is perceived to be stable.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The equilibrium state can be either static, i.e. stationary or dynamic, i.e. energized.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Symmetry creates static equilibrium that stops and forces into place.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Bound rhythm, static equilibrium and symmetry are related to each other, as are free rhythm, dynamism, and tension.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The unbalanced composition is disharmonic.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

It feels unstable and a need to change something arises.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Voltage and Dynamics Opposites create tension.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

It's a way to make the image surface happen and life.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The voltage-free balance is easy and safe, but seems monotonous with time.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Voltage thus arises by equating opposites, and events arise from tensions.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The image surface begins to live only when there are contrasting resources between its parts.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Voltage arises from the assimilation and interaction of different contrasts of opposites.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

In the composition, contrasting pairs can be, for example: one-many, small-large, light-heavy, light-dark, rest-movement, open-closed.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The image surface can be dynamic with these opposites.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

When placement is done on the edge, it is more intense.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The solitary form is stronger than the group.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Pictorial transformers Size, shape, position position, direction The size of the shape is perceived relative to the surrounding patterns.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The shape can be sharp, angular or round and be noticeable by eye or touch by hand.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The shape can be represented on the surface as a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Shapes can be horizontal or vertical on the surface, in an oblique or inclined position.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Their location is relative to the surrounding shapes, e.g. above, below, adjacent and behind.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Shapes can also be crosswise, diagonally or parallel to each other.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

On the image surface, they can be in the center and at the edges.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The shape can be located on the surface so that it has a clear direction of movement.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The trajectory may be directed up, down, left, right, diagonally, or rotate in a circle or spiral.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The size of the shape.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The shape of the shape.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Placement of shapes.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Direction of shapes.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Number, spacing, density When there are only a few shapes, their placement on a surface or space is crucial for composition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

When forms are abundant, you have to group them in order to create a structured whole.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The shape can be grouped in either even or variable intervals.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Closely spaced are the parts forming holistic characters.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Density is determined by the number of parts in the image surface or space.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

In a weighty, stronger form, the parts are more dense than in light form.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Number of shapes.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The distance between shapes.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Density of shapes.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Colour and other composition factors In addition to the above elements, colors and casts affect the composition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Different colors have different properties and create different spatial impressions.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Red seems to be close and blue again far away.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

White and yellow gives space and black again constricts it.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Colour shades, casts, saturations and contrasts affect how the composition looks.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

If there is a person in the picture, their direction of travel or gaze is an important composition factor.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Examples of composition solutions Theo van Doesburg, Still Life (Composition V), 1916-1917.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Warm colours seem to converge and cold sparkle.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Harmonious color contrast.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Ansel Adams, 1943.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Powerful diagonals bring drama to the picture.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Berthe Morisot, in 1873.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The direction of the gaze affects the composition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The rule of third is a simple composition instruction used by visual artists such as photographers, painters and graphic artists.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The image is divided into nine equal parts vertically and horizontally.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Events important to the composition of the image can be set at the four intersections of the lines.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

This allows more voltage, strength and interest to the image than by placing the composition points in the middle of the picture.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The photograph on the right illustrates the rule of a third.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The horizon is on the line of the lower third of the image and the tree is located at the point of intersection, often called the point of attention.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The rule of a third is a visual, not a mechanical or geometric instruction.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

For example, in this picture, the boundary of heaven and earth is on the composition line, but the resistance beach as a whole is close enough to follow the rule of a third.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The rule of the third can also be followed even by composing the horizon above the lower line.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Many find that applying the one-third rule to photos makes them more aesthetically satisfying.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Many photographers believe that the rule of the third is rather just a summary guideline, because satisfactory photographs can also be obtained by not following it.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Golden cut Golden cut is an old composition rule that applies in all image expression.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Here are examples.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Luca Pacioli's Divina Proportione, published in Venice 1509.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

From applying a golden haircut to a human face.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Leonardo da Vinci, La Gioconda, 1507.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition of gold cut based on triangles.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Leonardo da Vinci, Saint Hieronymus, ca.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

in 1480.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition in art history In the art tradition, the traditional rules of composition have both been stressed and attempted to break.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

An icon is a painting that adheres to precise canons of composition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

In the visual arts of modernism, as well as poetry and composite art, the importance of composition was emphasized.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Pioneers of abstract art such as Hilma af Klint, Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Paul Klee and Piet Mondrian developed ideas for composition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Kandinsky states in his book On the Spiritual Content of Art: The word composition touched me spiritually and I took it as the goal of my life and painting.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

It affected me like prayer and filled me with deep respect.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The pioneers of modern art emphasized elements of composition by developing it more free-form abstract expressionistic (such as Abstract Expressionism or Informalism) and especially within the framework of geometric abstraction, such as suprematism, constructivism, neoplasticism or minimalism.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

In Finland, the rules of composition were developed by Unto Pusa, whose book Plastic Composition content became familiar to many.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Modern art also sought to violate the rules of composition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Impressionists by seeking to abandon the precise, solid composition of painting.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Many artists consciously break traditional rules of composition, thus wanting to challenge the viewer to reflect and see balance and harmony in a new way.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition examples Praksiteleen Hermes.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Kontraposto is the composition rule of ancient sculpture.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Christ the Pantokrator from the 5th century.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The icons emphasize the geometric design tradition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Kazimir Malevich, Suprematist Composition, 1916.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Theo van Doesburg, Composition XX, 1923.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

In modern art, color is often combined with composition.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

The composition of Wolfgang Hollegha's painting is instinctive.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

In architecture, composition is central.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Composition analyses of the Oath of Horatius by Jacques-Louis David, Oath of Horatiuses, 1784.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

See also Color Perspective Literature Kandinsky, Wassily, About the intellectual content of art (translated by Marjut Kumela), Art 1988 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Klee, Paul| title = Pedagogical sketchbook; Modern art | location = Helsinki| publisher = Academy of Fine Arts: Art| year = 1997| version = (Pädagogisches Skizzenbuch, 1925; Über die moderne Kunst, 1945.)


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Finnish translation: Bjarne Lindroos and Kimmo Pasanen| id = ISBN 951-608-027-8}} Kleemola, Irja, Vanhala, Liisa, Colourics and Composition, Association of Civic and Labour Colleges.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

KTOL IN 1984.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Piri, Sini, For self-motivated visual art making, Democratic Civilization Federation.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Huddersfield 1994.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

Pusa, Unto, Plastic composition, Otapublishing house 1974, 1995 On the topic elsewhere, Art Insight, Seinäjoki Kunsthalle.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

, Satakunta Center for Living Image, April 2003.


Question: Where is the composition needed?

Compose

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was Finland's first mass media instrument?

Mass Media

Mass media refers to a communication channel or device that can communicate to large numbers repeatedly.


Question: What was Finland's first mass media instrument?

Mass Media

The word refers not only to technical equipment and systems, but also organizations engaged in mass communication.