Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Well-known current scientists include Robert A. Foley, whose research topics have included the impact of climate change on the extinctions of human species, the evolution of stone tools and the study of modern behavior.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

The study of culture The study of the symbols and meanings of culture, combining psychology, linguistics and sociology, is called cultural anthropology.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Cultural anthropologists have often produced ethnographies, studies describing from firsthand experience, and based on interviews, a culture or subculture as a whole.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Cultural anthropology has used very few if any experimental methods, but, as in history, ethnography is only one interpretation of the subject of study.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Bernardino de Sahagún, who studied the Aztec culture in the 1520s after the destruction of their capital Tenochtitlán, has been considered the first cultural anthropologist.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Early Evolutionism Period Evolutionism should not be confused with human research based on biological evolutionary theory such as evolutionary psychology and anthropological theories, but refers to cultural anthropological theories that thought about culture evolving through human history from primitive to more advanced.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Evolutionism, or developmental doctrine, can be divided into three distinct periods: Early (1725—1840), Second Early (1840—1890), and Neo-Evolutionism (1890 onward).


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

It was typical of early evolutionism that foreign outer European cultures were seen as primitive and undeveloped.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

It was thought that only the white European race had acquired sufficient mental abilities for high intellect and culture.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Another period of early evolutionism Another period of early evolutionism gained new perspectives on Darwinism.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

It was thought that culture had an initial cradle of birth, where the coming of order, that is, the development of culture, originated.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Culture was thought to inevitably move towards a European culture considered the highest form.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

During the second period of early evolutionism, theories of the genesis and development of religion and the birth theories of forms of social order such as family and marriage were introduced.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Neo-Evolutionism Neo-evolutionism has evolved since the 1950s.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

It explores the transformation of man and culture, disconnecting itself from the ballast of the 18th and 19th centuries.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Neo-evolutionism thinks that development is necessary in all societies and the empirically demonstrated fact that prevails at all times.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Medical Anthropology Medical anthropology is quite a new field of anthropological research.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Research fields of medical anthropology include the effects of lifestyle on health and the collection and research of medical folk knowledge (ethnomedisiina).


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

One subspecies of medical anthropology is psychiatric anthropology, which specializes in the study of mental disorders, mental illness, drug problems, etc.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

relationship with culture.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Religion Anthropology Religious anthropology studies man as a member of the religious world, religious behavior.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

It seeks to elucidate factors related to the experience and manifestation and formation of religion.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Representatives of this research branch include Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1857—1939), Paul Radin (1883—1959) and Mircea Eliade (1907—1986).


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Lévy-Bruhl was a Parisian anthropologist whose major work Les fonctions mentales dans les sociétés inférieures was published in 1910.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

The work considers the differences between “Western cultures” and “primitive cultures”.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

The main theme is that low-developed cultures do not know how to distinguish between reality and superstition, but cultures in developed countries use logic and rational reflection instead.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Lévy-Bruhl's theory included an understanding of the evolution of all cultures gradually from primitive to western.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

The work represents an ethnocentrism that puts one's own perception of culture and reality first.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Linguistic anthropology Linguistic anthropology, or ethnolinguistics, studies speech and language, their structures, characteristics, and social meanings.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

A broader area of language study than ethnolinguistics is semiotics.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Psychological anthropology Psychological anthropology (ethnopsychology) is an area of research that also commonly includes educational anthropology.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Psychological anthropology studies human psychic characteristics, sensations, and human informational qualities.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Psychological anthropology has also mapped precisely the universal psychic characteristics typical of the human species.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

This branch of research is represented by, among others, A.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

I. Hallowell, Margaret Mead, Francis Hsu, Geoffrey Gorer, Ruth Benedict, and Erik H. Erikson.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

The study of social structures Social anthropology Social anthropology studies social networks, in other words, those anthropologists who have stressed in their studies such as hierarchies, kinship relationships, etc.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

is categorized by appending an appendix in front of the “social” discipline.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Representatives of the research branch include, for example, A.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881—1965), W. H. R. Rivers (1864—1922), Raymond Firth and E.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

E. Evans-Pritchard.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Evans-Pritchard studied power structures and conflicts between tribes living in the former British colonies in Africa with the intention of figuring out to the colonial mistress how best to govern the land.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Research he conducted in 1926—1930 on Azandes and in the 1930s on Nuers.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

One of his observations was that tribes in strife with each other often joined together over a greater outside threat.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Evans-Pritchard was theoretically influenced by another English anthropologist, Radcliffe-Brown, whose major works The Andaman Islanders (1922) and The Social Organization of Australian Tribes deal with social structures in the Andaman Islands and Australia.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Radcliffe-Browin and Evans-Pritchard are considered the most central developers of functional-structuralism theory.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Political Anthropology Political anthropology is interested in power structures and manifestations of power in culture and socio-political settings.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Political anthropology also involves a branch of forensic ethnology that studies law, as well as a branch of anthropology that studies war.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Political anthropology is represented by artists such as Ronald Cohen, E. Adamson Hoebel, P. J. Bohannan (1920—2007).


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Bohannan researched people called TIV in Nigeria.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

He conjectured in his book Tiv Economy (1968) that there were possibly more than one sphere of exchange in the community containing interchangeable objects.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

For example, one perimeter might contain food, another agricultural animal and slaves, and a third married women.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Within the perimeters it would have been morally permissible to exchange objects, but switching from one ring to another was potentially forbidden.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Economic anthropology Economic anthropology specializes in the study of economic systems.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

It examines, for example, the relationship between economic systems and nature, the distribution of production and well-being within the Community, as well as technology and the impact of technical progress on the economy.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Representatives of this research branch include George Dalton, Karl Polanyi (1886—1964) and M. Herskowits (1895—1963).


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Herkovits' book Economic Life of Primitive People was published in 1940.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Famous anthropologists Franz Boas Mary Douglas E.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

E. Evans-Pritchard Clifford Geertz E. Evans-Pritchard


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

T. Hall Claude Lévi-Strauss Bronisław Malinowski A.


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

R. Radcliffe-Brown Marshall Sahlins Finns Martti Grönfors Matti Sarmela Marja-Liisa Swantz Edvard Westermarck Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Eriksen, Thomas Hylland| title = Another country?


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Introduction to anthropology| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2004| version = (Small places, large issues: An introduction to social and cultural anthropology, 2001.)


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Translated by Maarit Forde and Anna-Maria Tapaninen| id = ISBN 951-662-916-4}} On the topic elsewhere (site for information on anthropology as a discipline with a separate section on the benefits of anthropology in labour).


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Anthropology Open Access Periodicals (website in English, one of the publications also in Finnish).


Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

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Question: Where in Finland is anthropology studied?

Anthropology

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [online version] (PDF)}} CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Metastasis, metastasis, or metastasis, is a colony of cancer cells spread outside the body of the main tumour of cancer.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Metastases can occur in almost all organs, but the most common places are the liver, lungs and brain.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Metastases are formed when cancer cells penetrate from the primary tumor into the lymphatic or bloodstream and through it pass to other organs where disturbed cell growth can continue.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Cancers may have a tendency to send metastases to a specific location: prostate cancer, for example, often sends metastases to bones, and colon cancer to the liver.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Cancer can spread to lymph nodes located near the primary tumor, but this phenomenon is not usually called metastasis.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Locations of metastases The brain is most typically spread by lung cancer.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

The next most commonly spread cancers to the brain are breast, skin (melanoma), kidney and bowel cancers.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[1] Brain metastases are more common than primary brain tumors.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[2] Skin metastasis is most often caused by breast cancer (69%) in women.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

In men, 24% of skin metastases are associated with lung cancer and 19% are associated with colon cancer.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

As a rule, skin metastasis develops at a late stage of the disease.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[3] Because skin metastases negated widespread disease, they are associated with poor prognosis.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[4] Skin cancer can also spread to other parts of the skin.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[3] The lung is a common location of metastasis.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Several cancers, for example kidney, breast and bone cancers and choriocarcinoma, can spread to the lungs.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

20-54% of patients dying of cancer have metastases in the lungs.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

The prognosis of cancer that has spread to the lungs depends, among other things, on the location of the primary tumor.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[5] In addition to the cancers mentioned, liver cancer, among other things, tends to spread to the lungs.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[6] Testicular metastases are extremely rare.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

In 32% of cases described in the literature, testicular cancer has been prostate adenocarcinoma.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[7] Certain common cancers, such as breast and prostate cancers, are often spread to the bones.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Metastases to bones are a common cause of pain in cancer patients.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[8] The liver is the second most common target after lymph nodes to which cancer spreads.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

In half of patients with metastases in the liver, signs of hepatomegaly or ascites are observed.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Depending on the location of the primary tumour, liver metastases occur in 30-70% of patients dying of cancer.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[9] Most cancers can spread to the liver.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

The most typical cancers that spread to the liver are eye, bowel, stomach, pancreatic, breast and lung cancers.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Malignant brain tumors do not spread to the liver.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

Metastases of pancreatic and breast cancers in the liver cause fibrosis.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[10] Most often, cancer that has spread to the liver is not curable.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[11] In the final stages of the disease, signs of hepatic metastasis include progressive icterus and hepatic encephalopathy.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Meta stasis

[12] Kidney cancer can spread, for example, from another kidney.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

[13] The kidney is not a typical target of metastasis.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

[14] The esophagus is a very rare target of metastasis.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

Gastric, breast, laryngeal, lower pharynx, pancreatic, testicular, eye, tongue, bronchial, prostate, tibia, liver and pleural cancers have been reported to have spread to the esophagus.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

[15] There are metastases in the gallbladder in six percent of patients dying of carcinoma.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

The most typical disease is lung cancer or melanoma.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

[16] Sperm is an extremely rare target of metastasis.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

Literature knows about three hundred cases where cancer that started elsewhere has spread to the penis.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

Most often, cancers that have spread to the penile have been bladder (33% of cases) or prostate cancers (30%).


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

There have been 17% of cases of colon cancers and 7% of kidney cancers.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

[17] The prognosis for cancer that has spread to the penile is poor.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

[18] Cancers that spread to the heart are at least one hundred times more common than primary heart tumors.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

Almost all cancers can spread to the heart.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

However, tumors of the central nervous system do not do this.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

The most commonly found cancer that spreads to the heart is melanoma.


Question: How does cancer spread?

Memetastasis

[19] Sources Category:Cancer Diseases Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (commonly Caligula) (31 August 12 — 24 January 41) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 18 March [1] 37 to 24 January 41.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Along with Nero, Caligula is the most notorious of the Roman emperors and is remembered as a mad despot.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Almost all ancient sources dealing with Caligula are hostile to him and focus on trivia and anecdotes about the Emperor's life.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Although Caligula's reign lasted only four years, it nevertheless had an impact on Roman history.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Among other things, Caligula planned the conquest of Britain, which was put into practice by his successor Claudius.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula was also the first emperor to be granted all emperor privileges by the Senate immediately upon his ascension to emperor.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

This practice was also continued during Caligula's successors.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[2] Life Early stages Caligula was born in Antium (present-day Anzio) on August 31 in the year 12.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

His father was the popular warlord Germanicus, who was the nephew and adopted son of the future emperor Tiberius.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula's mother was Vipsania Agrippina, whose father was of low descent, but with his talents and merits the advanced Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, a good friend and closest assistant of Emperor Augustus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The Caligula family followed Germanicus after his work.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In military camps, Caligula was a kind of mascot for soldiers, dressed in military attire down to small military shoes.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He got his calledname from these military shoes (caligae): caligula means “little military boot”.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

By the time Caligula was born, Augustus, the first Roman emperor, had ruled the kingdom for over 40 years.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula was directly descended from Augustus; his grandmother was Augustus' daughter Julia.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[3] Caligula's father died in murky circumstances in Syria in 19 when Caligula was seven years old.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Widowed, Agrippina moved with her children to Rome.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He fell into the disfavour of Emperor Tiberius, and was exiled to the island of Pandatarian, where he died of starvation.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula's brothers Nero and Drusus also fell into the emperor's disfavour and died.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula is cared for by her grandmother, Antonia, as well as Livia.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Tiberius' successor In 27, Caligula was invited to live with Emperor Tiberius on the island of Capri.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula had reached the age of 19 at the time and was given the toga virilis used by adults.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Tiberius asked the Senate that no early tributes be given to Caligula.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Tiberius appointed Caligula as Auguri and, upon appointment, praised his good character and sense of responsibility.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

This was taken as a sign that Tiberius wanted Caligula to succeed him.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

This knowledge was received with glee in Rome, where the memory of Germanicus lived still strong.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Thanks to Tiberius, Caligula also received an excellent education.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In 31, Tiberius deposed the pretorian prefect Sejanus and appointed Naevius Sutorius Macron in his place, who became one of the most important Caligula supporters.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[4] In 33, Tiberius nominated Caligula as a candidate for the post of Quaestor.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He also promised to propose Caligula in future to post five years earlier when he might have been seeking his age.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula's mother Agrippina and her brother Drusus died the same year; Agrippina of hunger suicide and Drusus on Tiberius' orders.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In the same year, Caligula married for the first time.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The father of Caligula's wife Junia Claudilla was consul of year 15 and Tiberius' favourite Marcus Junius Silanus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Two of Caligula's sisters also became engaged in the same year; Julia Livilla with Marcus Vinicius and Julia Drusilla with Lucius Cassius Longinus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The third sister Agrippina had even earlier married Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[5] Caligula and Junia travelled with Tiberius to Capri.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Junia soon became pregnant, but died in childbirth.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

According to Tacitus, Macro persuaded his wife Ennia Thrasylla to start an affair with Caligula.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

According to Suetonius, Caligula even promised to marry Ennia if he became emperor.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

At Capri, Caligula became acquainted with Julius Agrippa, better known as Herod Agrippa, who became one of Caligula's best and most trusted friends.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Agrippa was the grandson of Herod, King of Judea.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[6] Tiberius basically had two options as his successor: Caligula or Gemellus, son of his son Drusus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

According to Suetonius, Tiberius would have wanted Gemellus as his successor.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Tacitus, on the other hand, tells us that in Tiberius's opinion, Caligula had all the bad qualities of the cruel dictator Sulla, but none of his good qualities.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

On the other hand, Tiberius did not clearly state which one he wanted as his successor.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Even if Tiberius had wanted Gemellus to succeed him, it was not a realistic option due to his youth.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In addition, Caligula was very popular among the people and the military.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Probably Tiberius feared the fate of his grandson after his own death.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[7] At the beginning of March in 37 Tiberius fell ill while in Campania.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

As Tiberius's condition worsened day by day, his doctor told Macro the emperor would die soon.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Macro immediately began preparations for Caligula's rise to power.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Tiberius died on 16 March.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Tiberius had believed that he would live another ten years, because this is what an astrologer had predicted to him.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[8] Suetonius tells us that many stories circulated about Tiberius' death that Caligula either poisoned him, starved him or strangled him to death.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

According to Dion, Caligula killed Tiberius with Macro's assistance.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

According to Tacitus, Tiberius appeared to have already died, but began to show signs of life before Macro killed him.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

According to Seneca, Tiberius' death was entirely natural.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[9] Rise to power Two days after Tiberius' death, the Senate convened and declared Caligula emperor.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula hurried to Rome, where he attended the Senate session on 28 March.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The Senate session was attended not only by senators, but also representatives of the knighthood and the people.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Tiberius' will was opened and read to the Senate.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In his will, Tiberius appointed Caligula and Gemellus as his heirs.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

This was standard practice in wills, but the economy of the emperor, or domus Caesaris, was not customary and splitting it into two parts would have caused major problems.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

On the other hand, Gemellus was still a child and he could not hold public offices.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Eventually, the Senate decided to nullify Tiberius' will and declared Caligula as Tiberius' sole heir.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[8] The Senate gave Caligula privileges, which certainly included at least the tribunicia potestas and the proconsul's imperium, or authority of command.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The same privileges that Augustus had received one by one over several years were given to Caligula, now 25 years old, on a one-time basis.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula also received the title Augustus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula was also appointed pontifex maximus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The Senate would also have given him the title pater patriae, but Caligula refused this, at least initially.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[10] An important role behind Caligula's rise to power was played by the pretorian prefect Naevius Sutorius Macrolla, who negotiated with the Senate even before Tiberius' death.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula is reported to have asked the Senate to give Tiberius the same honours as had been given to Augustus earlier.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

These included, among other things, proclamation to be a god, but this was unacceptable to the Senate.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[11] The officials of the kingdom soon swore their loyalty to Caligula and his domus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In his funeral oration for Tiberius, Caligula stressed that he was the son of Germanicus and proclaimed the return of the style of Augustus's administration.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula promised to adopt Gemellus and made this into princeps iuventutis.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

These actions weighed on the fact that Gemellus was too young to be a threat to Caligula.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The first task for the new emperor was to gain the endorsement of all Roman social classes.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Tiberius' will had promised the soldiers of the Praetorian Guard 500 sestertius, but Caligula increased this to 1,000.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In a sense, the money paid for the loyalty of the Guard, instead of being the former emperor's salary for the loyal service of soldiers.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula also distributed 75 sestertius to all citizens who lived in the city of Rome.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Unlike Tiberius, Caligula spared no money in arranging circus shuttles for the people.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He also embarked on a major building program.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[12] A good start Caligula's reign has sometimes been attempted to divide into a “good” early period, followed by a reign of terror.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Attempts have been made to date the date of these periods to Antonia's death, Caligula's illness in fall 37, or the death of her sister Drusilla in the summer of 38.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

According to ancient sources, Drusilla was so dear to Caligula that they were accused of incest.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Drusilla is presumed to have had a moderating influence on her brother.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Drusilla was married to a certain Lucius Cassius Longinus, but Caligula gave her as wife to Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, whom Caligula trusted perfectly.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

During his illness Caligula gave Lepidus his signet ring as a sign that if he were to die, Lepidus' husband of Drusilla should take care of Caligula's inheritance.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

After Drusilla's death, Caligula allowed to declare him a god.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula also probably wanted him to be worshipped as a god in the style of Hellenistic kings.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[13] The illness Caligula became seriously ill in the fall of the year 37.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The exact time of the illness is not known.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula's illness was mourned throughout the kingdom.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

A member of the knighthood, Atanius Secundus, promised to fight as a gladiator if Caligula was healed.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

A certain Publius Afranius Potitus, on the other hand, promised to give his own life, as long as only Caligula could survive.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

It is unclear whether the men really had to carry out their promises once Caligula was cured.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

There is also no information about the exact cause of the disease.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

According to contemporary researchers' estimates, Caligula may have contracted encephalitis, hyperthyroidism or some virus.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

It is also difficult to assess whether the illness had an impact on Caligula's mental health.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[14] Caligulan improved at the end of year 37.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Shortly after this, Gemellus and Caligula's father-in-law Silanus were forced to commit suicide.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Gemellus was accused of having intended to exploit Caligula's illness and seize power for himself.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The exact reason why Silanus was forced to commit suicide is not known.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Silanus had been already in the time of Tiberius one of the most powerful men in the kingdom and perhaps Caligula feared he would seize power for himself or be involved in a conspiracy to elevate Gemellus to the throne.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[15] Caligula remarried in 37.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The wife's name was either Livia Orestin (according to Suetonius) or Cornelia Oresti (according to Dion).


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

She was already engaged to a certain Gaius Calpurnius Piso, who belonged to a prominent and formidable lineage.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula joked that he had taken his new wife in the same way as Augustus and Romulus, who had adopted a woman who was already married.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula soon grew tired of his new wife and in a couple of years he expelled Orestilla when she returned to Piso.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[16] At the beginning of 38, Macro and his wife Ennia were also forced to commit suicide.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Macro had been one of Caligula's main supporters and it is unclear why Caligula wanted to get rid of it.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Maybe Macro had participated in Silanus and Gemellus's secret plot, or Caligula was just tired of an older man trying to control him.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[17] It is likely that Caligula appointed two different persons as prefects of the Praetorian Guard.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

At least there were two prefects at the end of Caligula's reign.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In 38, Herod Agrippa travelled from Rome to Judea.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[18] In his rise to power, Caligula had neither administrative nor military experience.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Gradually, he became drunk from power — even so badly that he set about demanding treatment for himself the same as the gods.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He turned flabbergasted, belittled others and stressed his right to do anything to anyone.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula set up a temple in Rome where he was to be sacrificed, and the Temple in Jerusalem he wanted to completely transform into his own place of worship.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He beat the heads off all the famous god pictures he could get his hands on, and replaced them with his own facial features.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He conversed naturally with other gods.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

At the Capitolium, for example, he often held one-on-one and mysterious negotiations with Juppiter, and finally threatened that Juppiter's domination would soon be at an end.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula had the need to ensure his admission as a god even before his death, but he could only be declared a god by the Senate.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

It was not amenable, however, primarily because Caligula was still alive.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In Rome, only the dead were declared to be gods.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula therefore began to emphasize his divinity by wearing bracelets, silky women's costumes, military shoes and cloaks decorated with precious stones.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Sometimes he also wore the chest armour of Alexander the Great, which had been raised from his tomb.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

As the Senate was still unwilling to grant Caligula divinity, he reduced the power of the Senate and humiliated the senators by forcing them to run long distances beside the emperor's chariots or ordering them to waiter duties.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Although the Senate disliked Caligula, he still enjoyed great popular popularity.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula organized many amusements for the nation: gladiatorial fights and theatrical performances.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He also built new public buildings.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He set up amusements for himself as well.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula's perhaps most famous whim was to build a pontoon bridge over the Bay of Baiae nearly five and a half miles long from merchant ships.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[19] In the time of Tiberius, the Emperor's court astrologer had prophesied that Caligula could as little become emperor as ride across the Gulf of Naples.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

After the bridge was completed, Caligula rode proudly wearing the chest armour of Alexander the Great across the bridge.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Coming back, he stopped in the middle of the bridge and set about extolling his feats.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

After this, he held a huge party in honor of himself.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

When people started getting drunk enough, Caligula told me to throw them all into the sea.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula was famous for his ability to come up with new ways to waste money — he ate gilded bread, bathed in oil, built 70-foot-long ships covered in jewels and had entire fruit gardens on their deck.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He thus wasted the three billion sesterius collected by Tiberius long before there had been a year as emperor.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Strapped for cash, he began to raise money through various auctions, legacies and litigation.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He also raised taxes and put a tax on prostitution, food imported to Rome, and transportation commissions.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

As a warlord, Caligula fared very poorly despite having grown up in a military camp.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Ignoring this, he wanted to go to war and thereafter spend the finest triumph of his time.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula assembled a troop of soldiers and set out.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

However, he himself did not ride, but was carried in a carrying chair.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The people of Gaul had to sweep the road and water it with water lest dust fly from it.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

When Caligula and his army reached the Germanian border, they encountered no one they would have fought with.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In this case, he dressed the Germans in his bodyguard as enemies and took them as prisoners.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He also commanded his army to the battlefront to the English Channel coast and ordered his troops to run into the water to collect seashells.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

After that, he built a lighthouse to commemorate this “victory”.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

After this farce, we set off back to Rome to plan the triumph.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

It was, admittedly, never allowed to keep, for on 24 January in 41 Caligula died at the age of 28 from dagger blows by the conspirators.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

While Caligula was alone in a corridor, he was attacked by Cassius Chaerea, who had previously been in Germanicus' army and had personal reasons for hating Caligula.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In the process, Caligula's wife Caesonia and their daughter Julia Drusilla, whose head was smashed into a wall, were also killed.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The murderers included three soldiers of the Praetorian Guard, but the commissioners were probably a few members of the Senate.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Caligula had time to be in power for three years and ten months.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Aftermath Caligula is said to have been an insane and brutal despot.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Numerous stories are told about him, including that he named his horse Incitatus Senator, he was rumoured to have had an incestuous relationship with his sister Drusilla and two other sisters, and that he organised orgies in his palace.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The veracity of the stories is hard to ascertain.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Much thought has been given to the reasons for Caligula's behaviour.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The two most common explanations are that he was either insane or has been misrepresented by historians.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

For example, appointing a horse as a senator may have been a way of showing contempt for the Senate, and pro-Senate historiography traditionally did not look well upon those who ridiculed the Senate position.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The family Caligula was married four times.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

He, along with his fourth wife, Milonia Caesonia, had a daughter, Julia Drusilla.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[20] Junia Claudilla Livia Orestilla (Cornelia Orestilla) Lollia Paulina Milonia Caesonia Ancient sources The main sources on Caligula's life are the biography of Caligula written by Suetonius and the Book of Roman History by Dion Kassios 59, which deals with the reign of Caligula .


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Suetonius's biography is problematic because he does not recount events in chronological order and because Suetonius is not very interested in political events to the extent that they are not related to Caligula's person.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In his biographies, Suetonius uncritically repeats even the worst gossip and most colourful anecdotes.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Dion, who lived in the 200th century, dealt with Roman history from the time of kingship until Severus Alexander.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Dion's work catalogues events but does not contain any kind of deeper analysis and, like Suetonius's work, it also contains implausible events.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The end of the 59th book of Dion's work and the beginning of the 60th book are lost.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In these books, Dion dealt with the events of the year 40 and of these only abbreviations of John Xifilinos (10th century) and Johannes Zonaras (11th century) have survived to the present day.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[21] An important contemporaneous source on Caligula's life is Seneca, who was an eyewitness and who knew Caligula personally.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Seneca was more of a philosopher than a historian, but he often uses current events as examples in his works.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Seneca, however, was a well-known flatterer, praising the surviving emperors but berating their dead predecessors.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Seneca had reason to hate Caligula for personal and political reasons alike, as Caligula drove him into exile, berating his writing style, among other things.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[22] Another source of contemporaries was Philo's Alexandrian, who led a Jewish delegation to Rome in 39/40.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Filon wrote two works preserved to the present day, dealing with the Caligula era.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In Flaccum and commonly referred to as Legation, the work deals primarily with events important to Jews, but they also sometimes deal with events in Rome.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Filon always tries to present the Jews in the best possible light and he does not hide the hatred he feels against Caligula.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[23] Caligula's reign is also addressed by Josephus Book of the Jewish Ancients 19.1—211.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

The part of Tacitus's work on Caligula has been lost, but he refers to Caligula several times in his works.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

All sources that survive to the present day are hostile to Caligula.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

In addition to literary sources, there are also numismatic and epigraphic sources from Caligula's reign.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

[24] Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Henrikson, Alf| title = Ancient stories| others = Translated by Maija Westerlund| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| version = (Antikens historier, 1959) | id = ISBN 951-0-18515-9}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kivimäki, Arto & Tuomisto, Pekka| title = Roman Emperors| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = Karisto| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-23-4546-3}} Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alan K. Bowman et al.| The title = Cambridge Ancient History Volume X, The Augustan Empire, 43 BC—AD 69| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2005| id = ISBN 0-521-30199-8}} Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Anthony A. Barrett| title= Caligula: The Corruption of Power| publisher = Routledge| year = 2002| id=ISBN 9780203137765| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Anthony A. Barrett| title= Caligula: The Corruption of Power| publisher = Yale University Press| year = 1990| id=ISBN 978030007429-1| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula


Question: Why do Roman period emperors have long names?

Caligula

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) References Caligula Caligula Category:Roman emperors Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Rugby () is a generic term for certain types of ball sports that have developed from the pre-form of football played at Rugby School Rugby in Warwickshire, England.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Rugby has split into two major separate forms of rugby union and rugby league, both of which rules have also developed their own versions to be played with teams of seven players.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Features common to all rugby sports are an oval-shaped ball and a rule that forbids the ball from being fed forward, in which case the ball must be carried by range, backwards feeding or kicking it.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Scoring is done by passing the ball across the opponent's goal line in such a way that it touches the ground in the end zone (try), and by kicking the ball through the goal fork (conversion) from the goal kick the team receives after the try, dropping the mid-game ball to the ground and kicking from it (drop goal i.e., dropgoal) or from penalty kicks.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Points given for different goalscoring methods vary by species.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

The biggest difference between rugby union and league is the number of players and tackling situations.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

In the league, there are 13 players per team, compared to fifteen in the Union [1].


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

When in rugby union a player is tackled the game continues with ruck or maul situations, while in league rules the game is broken and a standard starting situation ensues.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

History Before the creation of official uniform rules, many preforms of football were permitted to carry the ball by hand, and the ban on the use of hands in the sport is rather late to be lifted.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Various football games resembling current rugby were played in different parts of England, both in Wales under the name cnapan and criapan and in Ireland under the name caid, which differed from the current form of hurling in that no rackets were used to handle the playing instrument.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

However, at Rugby School, the first official rules were created for a sport called rugby.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

In football played by Rugby School rules between 1750 and 1823, the ball was allowed to be touched with hands, but running towards an opponent's end with ball in hand was prohibited.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

The number of players was not exactly capped and hundreds of players could take part in the games.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Carrying the ball by hand was allowed between 1820 and 1830 when, according to an unproven story, in 1823, in the middle of a football game, a player named William Webb Ellis took the ball in his hand and went running towards the opponent's goal [2].


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

The first official rules were drawn up in 1845.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

In the second half of the 19th century there were several different forms of rule for football at different schools.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

A significant stage in the development of the sport and rugby known today in Finland as football took place when the English Football Association The Football Association was established and a uniform code was created.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

A total of six meetings were held on the agreement of the rules in the autumn of 1863.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

The Football Association's new uniform code was largely based on the format played at Cambridge University.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

At the last meeting, Blacheath Football Club, a representative who complied with rugby rules, opted out of the agreed rules.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

The reason was a disagreement over carrying the ball with hands and kicking to the shins.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

As a result, other clubs that played by rugby rules also opted out of the Football Union, establishing the Rugby Football Union in 1871 [2], thus definitively separating the sport.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

The split into rugby union and rugby league The International Rugby Football Board, an international umbrella organisation for rugby, was established in 1886, but major disagreements began to emerge within the sport as players began to take up the sport as their profession.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

In the 1890s, the Rugby Football Union banned the use of professional players in England, causing major disagreements between clubs in the north and south of England.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Many northern English players were working people, with neither the time nor money to play, play and recover from injury, for which the clubs paid pain allowances to these.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Eventually the controversy drifted to the point where in 1895 a group of northern English clubs formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in Huddersfield, creating more precise rules for player pay.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Since then, players were allowed to be paid to play, but they also had to have an actual job alongside playing rugby.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Over time, the rules used by northern clubs began to differ significantly from those of the RFU, which was subsequently renamed rugby union.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

In total, about 200 clubs had resigned from the RFU to the NRFU in the Northern Rules.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

Separate Lancashire and Yorkshire leagues were played on the Northern Rules.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

The kits merged in 1901 and the Northern Rugby League was born, with which the name rugby league began to be used.


Question: Where does rugby come from?

Rugby

See also Rugby SM-series Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

Seinäjoki City Council is the municipal council and supreme deciding body of the city of Seinäjoki.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The city council consists of 51 members elected for four-year terms by popular election.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

In the 2017-2021 period, the three largest parties in the council are the Finnish Centre Party (19), the Coalition Party (15), the SDP (8).


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The council is chaired by Kimmo Heinonen (kok), who is only the third in its history to have led both the council and the board.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The vice-chairmen are Kati Ojaniemi (mid) and Aarne Heikkilä (sd), chairman of the previous term.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

In the 2013-2017 term, the three largest parties in the council were the Finnish Centre Party (18), the Coalition Party (16), the SDP (8).


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The council was chaired by Kati Ojaniemi (middle), the second woman in history, with the then former MP Pertti Mäki-Hakola (ok) and provincial counsellor Aarne Heikkilä (sd) as vice-chairmen.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The new council had 22 new councillors.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

In the 2009—2012 term, the three largest parties in the council were the Coalition Party (17 seats), the Centre of Finland (17) and the SDP (10).


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

Of the members, there were 12 females and 39 men.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The council was chaired by Raimo Ristilä (Cok), Vice-Presidents Jukka Vihriälä (Kesk) and Aarne Heikkilä (SD).


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

Seinäjoki City Council used to meet in Kauppalantalo, but after the completion of the Aaltokeskus designed by Alvar Aalto in the 60s, the council moved to the new town hall.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

Today, the council hall in the town hall threatens to remain small.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The administration of the city of Seinäjoki has been joined over the years by the rural municipality of Seinäjoki and the municipalities of Nurmo, Peräseinjoki and Ylistaro.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

Institutions City Council elects a city board for a 2-year-old term at a time.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The city government for the longest time has been headed by Kimmo Heinonen.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The Board of Directors consists of 13 members.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The city government manages the administration of the city of Seinäjoki and prepares the matters handled by the council, implements them and is responsible for the administration and finances of the city.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The city government controls the interest of the municipality, the legality of decisions, represents the municipality and exercises its power of speech.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The Board elects a Town Planning Division and a Staff Division from among its members.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

The Board meets in the old district hall designed by Alvar Aalto, which has been converted to use by the city government, when the old meeting room becomes small.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

In addition, the Board of Governors elects the various boards of Seinäjoki: Elevatoralboard, Board of Education, Welfare Board, Social and Health Board, Urban Environment Board, Audit Board, Central Election Commission and Permit Affairs Board.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

Distribution of seats by election Election placeOk.sdpKesk.kdvas.lkpvihr.ps/SMPMOVUK.19681111435135197214144454119761413414713443198417127123143198815121121122143199214319961512213319961521331996122133123121231212312319961221313312319961521313133121231231996122131331231996152131432000141418311512004151313192115120081710172112151201216818211551201715819213351 Presidents of the Council M.L Kantele 1936 — 1953 , 1957 — 1958, 1960 — 1968 Viljo Vuorinen 1954 — 1956, 1959 Jussi Jouppi 1969 — 1976, 1981 — 1988 Raimo Yli-Uotila 1977 — 1980, 1989 — 1992 Eino Rajamäki 1992 — 1996 Mikko Pukkinen 1997 — 1999 Rauha Maijala 1999 — 2000 Timo Paavola 2001 — 2008 Raimo Ristilä 2009 — 2012 Kati Ojaniemi 2013 — 2017 Kimmo Heinonen 2017 — Chairs of the Board Tapani Siirilä 1977 — 1982 Tuomas Marttila 1983 — 1985 Raimo Yli-Uotila 1986 — 1988 Reijo Aaltonen 1989 — 1990 Eino Rajamäki 1991 — 1992 Kirsti Potka 1993 — 1996 Harry Wallin 1997 — 2000 Raimo Ristilä 2001 — 2004 Riitta Lehtola 2005 — 2008 Irene Turenius 2009 — 2012 Kimmo Heinonen 2013 — 2017 Pasi Kivisaari 2017 — Merchant Managers/Mayors Lauri Jouppi 1931 — 1933 Ilmari Talvitie 1934 — 1935 Herman Tammilehto 1935 — 1954 Olavi Piha 1955 — 1974 Matti Nuolivirta 1974 — 1992 Raimo Yli-Uotila 1992 — 1999 Mikko Pukkinen 1999 — 2005 Jorma Rasinmäki 2005 — Jukka Vihriälä V Paula Risikko V Pertti Mäki-Hakola H and V Markus Aaltonen V Harry Wallin V Kari Hokkanen H Raimo Ristilä H Other well-known councillors Oskari Duke Jarmo Korhonen Kirsti Ala-Harja Kari Hokkanen Ilmari Upper Autio Reino Ala-Kulju Kaarlo Salmi Olli-Pekka Karjalainen Kalle Keskinen Paula Sihto Paula Risikko Reima Kuisla Season 2017—2021 Turnout 59.6% Council seats 51 Votes cast 29 120 Centre Piia Kattelus was expelled from the group and he formed the Civic Party council group.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

Accordingly, the number of seats in the centre fell to 18 delegates Season 2013—2017 Turnout 58.2% Council seats 51 Votes cast 27 139 After Antero Maunula passed, Matti Kuvaja rose to replace him Season 2009—2012 Turnout 64.2% Council seats 51 Votes cast 27 937 After the resignation of Mikko Alalalahti, Erkki Honkala rose to replace him after Tiina Perä stood down Väinö Kuoppala after Markku Tuppurainen resigned Paavo Eloniemi in Season 2005—2008 Turnout 63.4% Council seats 51 Votes cast 17,638 After Alice Talvitien stood out, Yrjana Elonheimo rose to replace her.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

Seppo Katila of the Coalition was separated from the group and he founded the “Katila neo-seinäjokinen group”.


Question: When was Väinö Raikilä born?

Seinäjoki City Council

However, he returned back to the Coalition Party in Season 2001—2004 Turnout 58.1% Council seats 51 Votes cast 13,839 Following the resignation of Jorma Metsä-Ketelä, he was replaced by Paavo Eloniemi Season 1997—2000 Turnout 62.7% Council seats 43 Votes cast 14,261 Season 1993—96 Turnout 70.8% Council seats 43 Votes cast 15,025 Season 1989—1992 Turnout 70.9% Council seats 43 Votes cast 14,828 Season 1985—1988 Turnout 73.9% Council seats 43 Votes cast 14,025 Season 1981—1984 Turnout 79.2% Council seats 43 Votes cast 13,695 Season 1977—1980 Turnout 78.6% Council seats 43 Votes cast 12,403 Season 1973—1976 Turnout 76% Council seats 41 Votes cast 10,855 Category:Finnish local councils Category:Seinäjoki


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (,; obsolete transliteration Khrushchev) (15 April (J: 3 April) 1894 Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire — 11 September 1971 Moscow, Russian SFNT, Soviet Union) was a Soviet politician, general and member of the Communist Party Secretary-General, or de facto leader of the Soviet Union 1953—1964.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He achieved leadership of the Soviet Union in a power struggle within the party following the death of Josif Stalin.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He was also President of the Council of Ministers 1958—1964.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev was ethnically Russian, but had a warm relationship with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

[1] Youth and family Nikita Khrushchev was born on April 15, 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate Oblast (present-day Kursk Oblast).


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In 1908 his parents moved to Jusovka which is on the territory of present-day Ukraine.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

For three years Khrushchev was in the Bosse factory as a fitter pupil and worked in mines.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

By 1914, he was a successful and well-paid metalworker, had married from a relatively wealthy family.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

During World War I he became acquainted with the trade union movement and after the Bolshevik Revolution he joined the Red Army, taking part in the battles of the Civil War.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He joined the Communist Party in 1918 and held its various positions in Donbass and Kiev.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The people of young Soviet Russia, confused by war, lived for years in famine, and Khrushchev's first wife Galina also died of starvation.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Children Leonid and Julina remained sole dependents of the father until he 1924 married Nina Petrovna.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In Ukraine, at the head of the Communist Party was Lazar Kaganovich, who was a supporter of Josif Stalin.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He took the young Khrushchev to his attention, after which his career took off.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In 1929 Khrushchev left to study at an industrial academy named after Stalin in Moscow.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He became head of the school's party section, 1931 head of two Moscow City Councils and 1932 Second Secretary of the Moscow Party and 1934 General Secretary of the Moscow City Committee (gorkom) of the party.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

As party leader in Moscow, Khrushchev, as part of Stalin's purges, sent 8500 “traitors” to be shot and 33,000 to prison camps.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In 1934 he became a deputy to the Central Committee of the Communist Party and as a member of the Politburo he rose in 1939.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In 1938, he became General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He asked Moscow for permission to capture 30,000.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

From 1938 to 1941, Khrushchev served as Stalin's “viceroy” in Ukraine, and gained considerably his own operating powers due to his obedience.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He spent plenty of time in Ukraine and looked and aspired to look Ukrainian.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

This role may have been helpful to him in his rise up the hierarchy at a time when many were touched by Stalin's purges.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

According to his custom, Stalin humiliated him, like his other commanders, including by making him dance Ukrainian folk dances for guests.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev's son Leonid disappeared and likely died in 1943.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

This daughter Julia was left in Khrushchev's care and was adopted by Khrushchev.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Julia Khrushcheva, aged 77, was hit by a train in June 2017 and died.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

[2] World War II In 1939, the eastern parts of Poland divided by Stalin and Hitler were annexed to Ukraine and unified with the rest of Ukraine.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev served as a political officer with the rank of lieutenant-general.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In this role, he forged relationships with Soviet army generals such as his successor Leonid Brezhnev, who served as a political officer of equal rank.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In the summer of 1941, Khrushchev coordinated, at his own level, as a local party leader, the defense of Ukraine.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

After the catastrophic Kiev and Kharkov capitulations, he was summoned to Moscow.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He returned to the front at the Battle of Stalingrad and afterwards he served as the leading political officer of the Southern Front.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

After the takeover of Kiev, he participated in the liquidation of the Ukrainians who had acted on the side of the Germans.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev worked in Ukraine right up until 1949, at the head of the rebuilding of the country.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He tried to obtain aid from Moscow for the post-war famine of 1946, which again tormented Ukraine.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Rise to power In 1949, Stalin invited Khrushchev to Moscow as a counterweight to Georgi Malenkov and Lavrenti Berija.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

For years, Khrushchev seemed the least likely to succeed the aging Stalin.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

When Stalin died on 5 March 1953, the redistribution of power in the Soviet Union began.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev served as first secretary of the party, Georgi Malenkov served as President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) and Marshal Kliment Voroshilov was elected Chairman (President) of the Supreme Soviet.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Malenkov gave up his seat in the party secretariat to share power.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Vyacheslav Molotov was still foreign minister and Berija interior minister and chief of the secret police.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

However, a power struggle soon began in the Presidium.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Berija was captured in June and soon executed.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Soon other heads of the intelligence services were captured.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The power of the state police was reduced and it was demoted from ministry to committee (KGB).


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Malenkov stepped down in February 1955 on charges of misconduct.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He was cast as Minister of Electrical Utilities.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Marshal Nikolai Bulganin became Prime Minister.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev supported the party membership and the XX party convention was convened in February 1956.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Half of the party's Central Committee member base was changed.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

At the end of the party conference, Khrushchev strongly criticized Stalin in his four-hour speech about “the cult of person and its consequences”.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The speech introduced the term “cult of person”.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The speech was not published by the press, but it was read to leading members of the party and soon spread to the attention of the people.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The renunciation of Stalinism marked a turning point in Soviet history.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

There are a wide variety of interpretations of the motives of speech.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

It has been hailed as a bold attempt to reform the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

At the same time, Khrushchev propped up his own power and attacked his rivals.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The speech led to a wide range of reactions.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The effect of the speech is reported that more meeting representatives have fainted and two committed suicide.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Riots broke out in Stalingrad and Grosia after the disgrace of Stalin.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Sino-Soviet relations drifted into an intermediate break and within 1956 other reactions followed, such as the Hungarian uprising.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

According to Molotov, the Soviet Union never again had as many friends as before.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Stalin's admission of crimes is estimated to have set in motion a process that eventually led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

After Khrushchev and Bulganin returned from Finland in June 1957, attempts were made to depose them.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The presidium called for the replacement of its first party secretary, Khrushchev.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He quickly convened the entire Central Committee and made the attempt a blank.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Malenkov, Kaganovich and Šepilov lost their ministerial seats.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In their place, Leonid Brezhnev and candidate member Alexei Kosygin rose to the Central Committee.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

By the time of Stalin's death, General Žukov had risen to Deputy Minister of Defense (1953) and then Minister of Defense (1955).


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He supported Khrushchev against the invasion of the “anti-party group”.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In June 1957 Žukov became a full member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In October 1957, however, Khrushchev relieved him of his ministerial duties and dismissed from the Central Committee.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

After Khrushchev was transferred, Žukov returned to the public eye in 1964.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev also assumed the presidency of the Council of Ministers from Bulgani in March 1958, thus enjoying the same dominance as Stalin at the head of both the party and the state.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Economy The peasant Khrushchev considered himself an agricultural expert.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He launched the so-called virgin land programme, under which a huge amount of acreage was cleared in Kazakhstan and Siberia.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Within a few years, 42 million hectares of arable land were cleared.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Giant coloses with an average size of 100000 ha were established in Kazakhstan.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Production rose, but even after the 1963 disappearance, we had to resort to imports of grain, and the problems of agriculture could not be eliminated.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Again efforts were made to centralise the economy anyway and a nationwide Supreme Planning Council was established for industry.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Admittedly, increased bureaucracy cut into economic growth.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In particular, resources were used to build housing.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Mass-like housing produced huge numbers of five-storey apartment buildings throughout the Soviet Union, with houses referred to as Khrushchevka.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

(At that time in the Soviet Union, an elevator was usually required for six-storey houses.)


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

They say Khrushchev got the idea after seeing similar housing during his visit to Paris.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The flats had a shower in a small kitchen and were of a lighter structure than the apartments of the Stalin period, where the wall thickness is very large.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In the Armenian earthquake of December 1988, the houses of the Stalin period remained better standing than Khrushchevk because of this.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In 1961, the party convention declared the then Soviet generation to come to live in communism since 1980, when, according to the program, the material and technical foundations of communism had to be achieved.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

To describe the social development of the Soviet Union, the term “advanced socialism” was introduced.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Culture Khrushchev's speech was followed by the so-called shelter weather.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Cultural policy has been characterized as: “two steps forward and one backward.” The day of Aleksandr Solženitsyn's Ivan Denisovich received a license for publication and Dostoevsky again became allowed.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Ivan Denisovich's day was followed by an avalanche of similar camp descriptions, which, however, were left unpublished.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Science again allowed fields of study banned under Stalin and scientists were given the opportunity for international relations.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In 1953, the Soviets had detonated the first hydrogen bomb.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The space age began in 1957 with the flight of Sputnik 1, followed by the flight of the Laika dog, the flight of Gagarin, and the filming of the “dark side” of the Moon by a space probe.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Foreign Policy The struggle between capitalism and socialism moved to the Third World, that is, developing countries.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev advocated “peaceful coexistence”, which entailed abandoning world revolution by military means if necessary.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The rivalry with the West continued to be ideological and economic.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

A major change was the disconnect between China, which did not accept cooperation with bourgeois states and accused the Soviet Union of revisionism.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Eastern Europe remained unhappy.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Already in the summer of 1953, the Panzers defeated the East German uprising and 1956 civil unrest arose in Poznań, Poland.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Ousted by Stalin, Władysław Gomułka rose to head the country again.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In Hungary, Imre Nagy, whose reforms threatened the exclusivity of the Communist Party and withdraw the country from the Warsaw Pact, took the lead.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Warsaw Pact forces took over the country and Imre Nagy was captured and executed.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The Suez crisis, thankfully, took Khrushchev's attention away from Eastern Europe.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In the summer of 1955, Bulganin and Khrushchev met with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in Geneva in a spirit of slathering.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Only a couple of months earlier, the Allies had ended the Austrian occupation.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In 1955, the Soviet Union also agreed with Josip Broz Tito's Yugoslavia.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The Soviets proffered abandonment of foreign military bases and, as a gesture of goodwill, gave up Porkkala in Finland.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In the autumn of 1958, however, Finland-Soviet relations were disrupted by a crisis designated by Khrushchev as night frosts, in which the Soviet Union failed to give its approval to the new Finnish government In 1959, Khrushchev visited the first Soviet leader to the United States.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

However, the de-escalation was decided by the down-firing of a U-2 spy plane piloted by Gary Powers on 1 May 1960 over the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

During the Paris meeting on May 16, 1960, Khrushchev demanded an apology from Eisenhower for U-2 spy flights over the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The case ended the conference.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In August 1961, after an inconclusive meeting between Khrushchev and U.S. President John F. Kennedy, the Berlin Wall was erected.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In 1962 Khrushchev sought to put missiles in Cuba, which led the United States to lead the world to the brink of nuclear war.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Ousting Khrushchev's rivals in the party ousted him at a Central Committee meeting on October 14, 1964.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

His reasons included failures in agriculture, the escalation of relations with China, the humiliation of the Cuban missile crisis, and autocratic and capricious leadership.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev died in Moscow on 11 September 1971 after seven years of house arrest and was buried in the Novodevich Cemetery in Moscow without any honours due to the head of state.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

NKP's main voice supporter, Pravda, posted a small announcement of the death without a picture.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Character traits Khrushchev was known as a humorous, down-to-earth and unchoreographed man.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He often spoke with turns of words that were foreign to the established use of language in politics and diplomacy.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Already a rank-and-file member of the Politburo, he made fun of the crowd at one diplomatic reception by introducing himself and Malenkov: “I'm heavy industry, bam, bam!


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

And Georgi here again is light industry, beep, beep!” [3] Khrushchev's ronskis statements also caused misunderstandings and even conflicts.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

In November 1956, he announced to the West's envoys gathered at the Polish embassy in Moscow: “We will bury you” [4].


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The expression did not so much threaten nuclear war, as it was understood in the West, but merely expressed the position that socialism would defeat capitalism.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

He later elaborated on his message while on a visit to Yugoslavia: “We will not bury you with a shovel, but your own working class will bury you.” [5].


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Berlin's position he described: “Berlin is a reed in Europe's throat” and “Berlin is the testicles of the West: if you squeeze out of them, make the West screech” [6].


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

At the UN, he threatened that “Soviet weapons factories spew intercontinental missiles like sausage machines wieners.”


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

At the first U.S. export exhibition in Sokolniki in Moscow in 1959, Khrushchev bragged to Richard Nixon that the Soviet Union would reach and overtake the United States.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

On the return of the message, he chimed by ending: “We'll show you the eggs of the Närhen!” [7] Khrushchev was seen by political opponents as an uncivilised mouthpiece who had a habit of interrupting speakers in order to mock them.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The most famous incident occurred at a UN meeting on 12 October 1960, when the Filipino representative Lorenzo Sumulong asked Khrushchev how he could protest against Western capitalist imperialism while the Soviet Union held Eastern European states at the same time.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev became enraged and berated the meeting representative as a “minion and spit-licker of imperialists”, took the shoe off his foot, intending to knock it on the table [8].


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

There is apparently no original photograph of the incident, only manipulations made afterwards.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Sources Literature Adzubei, Alexei: The Price of Fear.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Translated by Eero Balk.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Helsinki: SN-Books OY, 1988.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

ISBN 951-615-691-6 Crankshaw, Edward: Khrushchev.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Translated by Seppo J. Loponen.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Huddersfield: Otava, 1967.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Seppänen, Esa: Fencer against the volcano: Urho Kekkonen and Nikita Khrushchev 1955-1964.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Helsinki: January, 2004.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

ISBN 951-31-2628-5 Talbott, Strobe: Khrushchev recalls.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Translated by Antti Nuuttila.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Huddersfield: WSOY, 1971.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

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Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Man and his era| location = Helsinki| publisher = Art house| year = 2007| version = (Khrushchev.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

The Man and His Era, 2003.)


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Translated by Matti Rosvall| id = ISBN 978-951-884-429-0}} On the topic elsewhere. CNN.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

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Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

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Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

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Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

People's News Weekly.


Question: When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

Nikita Khrushchev

Category:Soviet ministers Category:Soviet leaders Category:Heroes of socialist work Class:Born in 1894 Class:Dead in 1971 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Amazon.com, Inc.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

is a United States, Seattle-based online store.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Amazon was originally founded by Jeff Bezos as a bookstore, as Bezos thought online shopping was best suited for selling a product with a huge variety of different pieces.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Bezos outlined that books have the most generous product category.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Amazon's product range has subsequently expanded to include more, such as CDs and DVDs and computer programs.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

CDs and DVDs were also good for a large number of copies.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Books and CDs and DVDs were also light enough to successfully post them.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Amazon's sales range spans 40 product categories, from books to jewelry.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

The company also owns the film database IMDb.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[1] It was one of the first ecommerce companies.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Its database and service features have been frequent pioneers, with the “others who bought this product have also bought these products” feature originating from Amazon.com.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[2] History Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos, a Princeton alumnus formerly in New York City.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

He moved in 1994 to Seattle on the West Coast and started an online bookstore, with an office initially in his own garage.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

After developing the software, the company opened its website on July 16, 1995.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[3] Bezos had first given the company the name Cadabra.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

The name was soon abandoned, as it bore too much resemblance to the English word cadaver meaning 'squid'.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[4] Bezos moved the company from its garage to an industrial area in Seattle, where it had 140 square feet of premises on two floors.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

The book storage room could only fit a few hundred books at a time.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Amazon started by giving discounts of between 10% and 30% on books, initially receiving half a dozen orders a day.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Sales began to grow strongly already after three days when the deal was linked to the What's Cool page on the Yahoo search site.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

In the first week, book orders came in at $12,000 and $15,000 in the second week.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

By October 1995, book orders were already coming in at a hundred copies per day, and in less than a year, one hundred per hour.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[4] One of Bezos's many inventions was to let customers write book reviews on the site, including negative ones.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

He also introduced one-click subscriptions.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Bezos built his company decentralized, as he believed small teams could get better ideas than big ones.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[4] Bezos was named Person of the Year in 1999 by US magazine Time magazine in recognition of the company's achievements in the increasing prevalence of online commerce.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[5] Amazon's business strategy was anomalous at the time of its founding, not assuming it would make a profit for the first four or five years.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

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The company grew its business at a steady pace, and profit didn't start coming until the IT bubble burst.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

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In 2009, the company's entire business was $172 million at a loss.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

The corresponding figure for 2006 was $1.8 billion, and it is expected that after 2010 returns the figure will be positive.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

The company unveiled the Kindle Reader for eBooks in 2007 and the Kindle tablet in 2011.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[6] The company started a book publishing business in the United States in 2012, with Laurence Kirshbaum, the head of the unit for a long time in the industry.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Amazon is said to attract success writers from other publishing houses in quite an outspoken way.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Publishing is also starting in Britain, with a particular focus on the e-book.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[7] In June 2017, Amazon announced the acquisition of food chain Whole Foods Market for US$13.4 billion.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

[8] Amazon has also opened grocery stores called Amazon Go with no cashiers and checkout lines [9] Operations The company has offices in addition to its native US, but also in Britain, Canada, China, Japan, France and Germany.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Anyone who signed up for a single country service once can shop with the same ID on Amazon of any country.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

This is also how to compete with Amazon stores.


Question: How old is Lake Baikal?

Amazon.com

Amazon's service has the option to “browse” some books and search them.