Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the recapture of Berlin.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy landings, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring over 300 lives.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government informed Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

When Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, Äyräpäsä—Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The more than two-division-strong force that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasonen, according to which the Soviets aimed not at occupying Finland, but at peace, took place at the headquarters.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377 according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to the official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

On 2 September, Parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Finland had to reduce the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial losses for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outside, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The British government, in principle, did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomants' defeat 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Offensive phase Continuation War Resistance solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel Diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of front men in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology | year = 2006| version = Dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyksi, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

E.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

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Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

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Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with Red Army Eye| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kolin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, a film about JR 61 on the Syvärs and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, a film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: During Finland's military history, were more wars fought in southern Finland than in Eastern Finland?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Empiricism, or experience thinking, is the information theoretical notion that knowledge is based on experience (,).


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

According to empiricism, knowledge is based on sensory perception and empiricism, that is, experiential research.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

It is possible to obtain information by inductive, that is, generalizing reasoning.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

According to experience thinking, knowledge is not based on mere concepts of reason, intuition, that is, inner vision or faith.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

By purely deductive (i.e., calculative) reasoning, actual experience knowledge is not possible to achieve, according to empiricism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The opposing position of empiricism in philosophy has traditionally been rationalism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

According to rationalism, philosophy should be practiced through internal reflection and a priori deductive reasoning.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

However, most theories of knowledge are some combination of empiricism and rationalism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

As a quality word, empiricism is commonly associated with science, that is, reality research.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This is true in both natural science and social sciences, where it means an experience based on observation or experiment that is corroborable or refutable.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Empiricism is generally considered to be at the heart of the modern scientific method.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Philosophical use The representatives of classical empiricism were Aristotle and Thomas Aquinese.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Aristotle held that all forms of knowing come from inductive reasoning.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Modern, traditional empiricism refers above all to the British empiricism that emerged in the 17th century, represented by Francis Bacon, John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume, as well as Thomas Hobbes (naturalism).


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

They rejected the idea of inborn ideas that rationalists considered to be in our minds without sensory experience.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Initially, the term empiricist was used by Sekstos Empeirikos, who belonged to the skeptical school, when referring to those ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected the dogmatic doctrines of the time, preferring to rely on observations of reality and the experience thereby gained .


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[1] The doctrines of traditional empiricism were first formulated by John Locke in the 17th century.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

He held that the human mind is, at birth, a tabula rasa, or 'empty whiteboard, 'on which experiences leave their mark.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Such empiricism denied that humans had inner-born ideas (thoughts, perceptions), or that anything was knowable without reference to experience.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Experience came to be used as a basis for forming claims about concepts, existence, knowledge, meaning, reality, truth, and general concepts.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Experience can either mean all the content of consciousness or it can be limited to the senses alone.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[2] Historically, philosophical empiricism is often contrasted with continental rationalism, which, when broadly expressed, holds that much of knowledge is based on reason regardless of the senses.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Today, this juxtaposition is considered to be an overgeneralization, since the most prominent continental rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were also advocates of the empirical “scientific method” of their own time.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Similarly, Locke held that some knowledge (such as knowledge of the existence of a god) could be gained alone through intuition and reasoning.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Scientific Use The central concept of science and the scientific method is that all evidence must be based on experience or based on experience-based observation, that is, it must depend solely on sensory observable evidence.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In another sense, “experience” or “empirical” can be used as a synonym for “experimental”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

These differ from the philosophical use of the term empiricist in that empiricism is used as an adjective.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The term empiricist is used in both the natural and social sciences, and refers to the use of testable working hypotheses by observations and experiments.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Scientific claims are therefore based on observations and experience rather than dogmatic statements.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Empirical methods have dominated science until these days.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Empiricism underpinned the scientific method that represents the traditional view of reality research and its progress.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The concept of semi-empiricism is sometimes used to describe theoretical methods that utilize fundamental axioms, namely basic theorems, established scientific laws and previous experimental research results in the formation of scientific models and theoretical research.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In historiography, empiricism refers to empiristic historiography, a school of documentary interpretation and so-called historical teleology that originated in the work of Leopold von Ranke.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Forms of empiricism Strident advocates of experience-thinking hold that all human knowledge is purely based on experience.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Moderate empirists hold that all human knowledge regarding factual claims is purely experiential.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This was David Hume's view.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

According to naive empiricism, all ideas and theories should be testable in reality and should not be influenced by preconceived ideas.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Constructive empiricism requires only that theories correctly describe observable parts of reality.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Such theories are considered “empirically adequate” or “appropriate”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

If a theory becomes established, it is considered “accepted”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In this case, the theory is considered to be empirically accurate, solve future problems, and be available to expand and develop the theory.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The term was coined by Bas C. van Fraassen (The Scientific Image, 1980).


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

History Early forms of empiricism Early empiricism can be read, among others, the theoretical work of Aristotle, Thomas Aquinese and Roger Bacon.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The first empirists in Western philosophy were probably the 4th-century BCE.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

sophists who rejected the rational world explanations typical of pre-socratic philosophers such as Parmenide, Heracleitus and Pythagoras and instead focused on such more tangible objects as people and society.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[3] However, one must note that, for example, Plato (427—347 BCE.)


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

wrote in his dialog Protagoras that the sophists were rather unempiristic, viewing them to prefer semantics and pseudoscience over unbiased exploration and content.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Skeptics, however, made use of skeptical semantic arguments, using claims of pure reason to reject examples that listeners could immediately see and understand.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

About a hundred years later, Aristotle (384—322 BCE.)


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

put a great weight on things received by the senses, i.e., a posteriori type of observations.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Aristotle's view was partly a reaction against Plato's deeply rationalist and highly theoretical approach.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Aristotle applied the term natural philosophy to the quest to get clear about the natural world.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

He used a method that began to be known later as inductive reasoning, to arrive at the categorizations and principles he presented in natural science by sensory observations.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This was directly opposed to Plato's doctrine of ideas, which was very much based on a priori type of assumptions.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In his later period, Aristotle's disbelief of Plato's views only grew and he began to demand increasingly clear empirical confirmation from all inductive reasoning (Second Analytics).


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Aristotle also defined the basic idea of empiricism, that human knowledge of reality is based on sensory experience.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[4] A generation after Aristotle, both the Stoics and the Epicuroans formulated even more clearly empiristic explanations for the formation of ideas and concepts.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

As early as two thousand years before Locke, the Stoics suggested that the human mind is a pure writing board filled with ideas through sensory perceptions.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

However, they also held that there are some “general thoughts” in the human mind that are in the minds of all people a priori.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The Epicuroans held an even stronger empirical a posteriori type view.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

For them, the concepts of the mind were images or experiences in memory that originated from previous sensory experience, and sensations, in turn, invariably good testimony to the causes that triggered the sensations.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

They produced complex explanations for how creatures produce sensations and explained the errors by dispersions in causal vortices.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[5] In medieval scholastics, Thomas Aquinas adopted from Aristotle his so-called peripatetic axiom, [6] which he formulated: “nihil est in intellectu quod non prius in sensu” (“there is nothing in the mind that was not first in the senses”).


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Thomas held that the existence of God can be proved by reasoning from sensory observations.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

He applied a variation on Aristotelian “active understanding”, interpreting it as the ability to abstract general meanings from individual empirical knowledge, in a way now known as inductive reasoning.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

British Empiricism Early notions of “inner-born ideas” provoked much debate among continental rationalists and British empirists from the 17th century to the 18th century.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Among the most prominent advocates of empiricism were John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

John Locke (1632-1704) responded specifically to the continental rationalism advocated by René Descartes, a philosophical approach not to be confused with general rationalism, and proposed in his book An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) a new and ultimately very influential a view in which all human knowledge is of a posteriori type, that is, based on experience.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Locke is particularly known for his view that the human mind is a tabula rasa, or 'blank whiteboard, 'or, in Locke's words, 'white paper', on which experiences from sensory perception are written as a measure of human life.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Our ideas have two sources: sensing and thinking.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In either case, a distinction is made between simple and complex ideas.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Simple ideas are not analyzable, and can be divided into primary and secondary characteristics.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Complex ideas combine simple ideas and are divided into substances, modes (modes) and relationships.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

For Locke, our knowledge of things is observations of ideas, and these observations are either consistent or contradictory with each other, a far cry from the search for certainty pursued by Descartes.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

A generation later, Irish Bishop George Berkeley (1685-1753) felt that Locke's views opened the door that would eventually lead to atheism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

He published, in response to Locke, his work Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710), which introduced a different, very extreme form of empiricism in which things existed solely as a result of being observed, or on the basis of being a self-perceiving entity .


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Berkeley held that God performs detection instead of humans when humans are not percepting.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In his book Alciphron Berkeley said that all the order that humans see in nature was God's language or handwriting.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[7] Berkeley's view later began to be referred to as subjective idealism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[8] The Scots philosopher David Hume (1711-1776) added extreme suspicion to empirism, which he used against the notions put forward by others such as Descartes, Locke and Berkeley.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Hume had adopted the empiristic view that all knowledge is derived from sensory perception.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Specifically, he divided all human knowledge into two categories: relationships of ideas and factual issues (facts).


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Mathematical and logical claims such as “the sum of the squares of the cathetes of a rectangular triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse” belong to the former, while contingent (random) observations following claims about the world, such as “the sun will rise tomorrow morning”, belong to to the latter.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

All ideas of people are, in turn, derived from “impressions”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

For Hume, “impression” corresponded to what we call sensation.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Remembering or imagining sensations was the equivalent of a person having an “idea”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The ideas were thus subdued copies of sensations.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[9] Based on his skeptical evidence, Hume held that no knowledge, not even the most fundamental knowledge of reality, can be based on arguments made with reason.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

He considered instead that our perceptions are more of a product of an accumulation of habits as a result of the accumulation of sensory experiences.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Hume's evidence on the scientific method also included the problem of induction.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

He held that arriving at the initial conditions underlying inductive reasoning requires inductive reasoning, with consequent circumference.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Hume's conclusion from this was that there is no certainty that the future will resemble the past.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

He used the sunrise as his example: we cannot know with certainty through inductive reasoning that the sun will always rise from the east — we can only expect it based on the fact that the sun has repeatedly risen from the east in the past.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Hume drew the conclusion that such things as the perception of the existence of external reality and the perception of the existence of the self were not rationally justifiable.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

According to Hume, however, these concepts could be accepted because they had a thorough basis with the advent of instincts and manners.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Hume's most far-reaching legacy, however, has been skeptical evidence directed against the legitimacy of inductive reasoning, which has allowed later skeptics to voice similar doubts.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Phenomenalism The majority of Hume's followers have disagreed with his conclusion that the perception of the existence of external reality is unjustified to reason, holding that Hume's own principles contained an undeclarably rational justification for such for perception, rather than based only on human instincts, habits, and habits.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[10] As phenomenalism, or an extremely empirical theory of reality based on observable phenomena, anticipated by both Hume and Berkeley's proofs, physical entities, or songs, are a kind of constructions, interpreted constructions, of sensory experiences.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[11] According to phenomenalism, physical things, properties, events, and everything that is physical can be reduced to creatures, properties, and events of the mind.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In the end, only the creatures, properties and events of the mind exist — hence the closely related term subjective idealism (denial of external reality).


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

According to the mindset of phenomenalists, the visual experience of an existing physical body corresponded to an experience belonging to a certain set of experiences.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Such a set of certain types of experiences is unchanging and consistent in contrast to the set of experiences to which, for example, hallucinations belong.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

As John Stuart Mill put it in the middle of the 19th century, substance is a “permanent possibility to be sensed.”


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[12] Mill's empiricism stepped a significant step forward from Hume in another respect: He held that induction is necessary for all meaningful knowledge, including mathematics.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

As D. W. Hamlin writes: “[Mill] argued that mathematical truths were merely well-established generalizations of experience; mathematical inferences, generally considered deductive [and a priority] in nature, Mill considered to be based on induction.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Thus, there was no place in Mill's philosophy for knowledge based on relationships between ideas.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In his view, logical and mathematical necessity is psychological; we are merely incapable of conceiving any possibilities other than those presented by logical and mathematical claims.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This is possibly the most extreme known form of empiricism, but it has not found many defenders”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[13] Mill's empiricism therefore held that no knowledge comes from direct experience but from inductive conclusions drawn from direct experience.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[14] The problems of other philosophers Mill's view relations focus on the following points.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Firstly, Mill's design causes difficulties when describing what direct experience is, distinguishing between only actual and possible sensation.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This omits the consideration in which situations such “groups of persistent sensing possibilities” exist in general.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Berkeley placed God in this gap; phenomenalists, including Mill, left the question unanswered.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

After all, such a view that lacks agreement on “realness” other than “the possibility of sensing” leads to subjective idealism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Questions such as how the supporting beams of buildings support the floor even when no one is looking, and how trees grow even when no one notices it or touches them, remain unanswered and perhaps cannot be answered.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[15] Second, Mill's formulation leaves open the possibility that “the creatures filling the gaps are purely possible and not at all actual”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[16] Thirdly, Mill's view which calls mathematics merely a kind of inductive inference misunderstands mathematicians.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

It does not take into account the structure or methods of mathematical science, and the results of mathematics which are inferred by a set of internally non-contradictory deductive steps which, according to the definition of current or any definition of time, do not impose an agreed meaning for inductive reasoning under.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[17] The phenomenalist period of post-Hume empiricism ended in the 1940s, because by that time it had become clear that statements about physical songs cannot be translated into assertions of actual and possible sense knowledge.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[18] If statements concerning physical objects were to be translatable into sensory information, the former must be at least deducible from the latter.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

However, it became apparent that there is no finite set of actual and possible sensory information claims from which even a single physical object claim could be deducted.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

One must remember that the translation or reformulation of claims must be expressed by the concepts used by the normal observer under normal conditions.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

However, there is no finite set of claims expressed purely by concepts based on sensory perceptions and can express the state of normal observer presence satisfactorily.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

According to phenomenalism, when it is said that a normal observer is present, a hypothetical claim is made that the observer would appear normal to another observer by sensory perception.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In this case, however, the second observer should be a normal observer.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

If this normality is to be defined by sensory perception, however, a third observer is needed, etc. [19] [20] Logical empiricism Logical empiricism (coherent experience knowledge) was an early 20th-century effort to form a combination of the essentials of British empiricism on the one hand between ideas (such as the strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis of knowledge) and, on the other hand, certain insights developed into mathematical logic by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Some of the central figures in this movement were Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick and the rest of the Vienna circuit, as well as A. J. Ayer, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[21] Logical empirists embraced the notion of philosophy as a conceptual clarification of the methods, insights, and discoveries of science.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

They saw in the logical symbolism developed by Frege (d. 1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) a powerful tool by which all scientific representations could be constructed rationally into an ideal, logically perfect language that would be free of natural language of vagueness and formlessness which, according to them, brought about metaphysical pseudo-problems and other conceptual confusions.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Combining Frege's claim of the logicality of all mathematical truths and Wittgenstein's idea of the tautologity of all logical truths, the neo-positivists came to an ambivalent classification of all claims: analytic (a priori) and synthetic (a posteriori).


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[22] Based on this, they formulated the principle of strong boundary drawing, the so-called verification principle, which distinguishes between sentences with mind and sentences without.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

All sentences that were not purely logical or could not be verified were to be considered devoid of meaning.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other inherent philosophical problems became pseudo-problems.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[21] The stark experience thinking of logical empirists came to prominence, especially before the 1930s, in the idea that any genuinely synthetic claim was to be recoverable as a fundamental claim (or set of fundamental claims) expressing direct observations or sensations.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Later, Carnap and Neurath rejected such phenomenalism, preferring to favor rational reconstructions of knowledge to the language of objective time-space physics.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This means that instead of translating theorems about physical objects into sensory information, such sentences had to be translated into so-called protocol phrases, for example “X in place Y at the moment of time T observes it and that" [23] The central claims of logical positivism ( verification, the distinction between analytic and synthetic, reductionism, etc.) came under attacks by such thinkers as Nelson Goodman, W. V. Quine, Hilary Putnam, Karl Popper, and Richard Rorty after World War II.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

By the late 1960s, most philosophers no longer referred to themselves as logical empirists, although the influence of the movement was significant in modern analytic philosophy, such as Michael Dummett and other anti-realists.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The theory of experience knowledge and logic has recently been developed by Jaakko Hintikka, among others.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The interplay of empiricism and rationalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the development of various forms of pragmatism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The ideas of pragmatism developed mainly from the debates that took place in the 1870s when Charles Sanders Peirce and William James were influential at Harvard.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

James made famous the term “pragmatism”, giving Peirce credit for coining it.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

However, Peirce broke away from the subsequent development costs of pragmatism and renamed the original idea “Pragmatism”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This perspective combines, together with pragmatic truth theory, empirical (experiential) and rational (ideal) thinking.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Charles S. Peirce (1839—1914) was of great importance in establishing the foundations of the modern empirical scientific method.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

However, while Peirce criticized many of Descartes' characteristics of rationalism strongly, he did not reject rationalism out of hand.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Instead, his thinking was consistent with many rationalist ideas, particularly with regard to the fact that ideas that are rational about him can be meaningful and go beyond the knowledge produced by empirical observations.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In later years he even championed ideas in the debates between strict empiricism and strict rationalism, in part to balance the excesses of some in defending knowledge-based empiricism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

One of Peirce's most significant contributions was to define inductive and deductive reasoning as complementary rather than competing, which had been common since David Hume.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Peirce added abductive reasoning to these.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

These three forms of reasoning together form the basis of the current scientific method based on empiricism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Peirce's approach “assumes that (1) objects of knowledge are real, (2) the character traits (properties) of real entities do not depend on our observations about them, and (3) anyone with sufficient experience with real entities agrees with the facts about them.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

According to Peirce's doctrine of fallibilism, science's conclusions are always tentative.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The rationality of the scientific method depends not on the certainty of its conclusions, but on its self-correcting nature: by constant use of the method, science can detect and correct its own errors, thus leading to the discovery of truth”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[24] In his early lectures on pragmatism at Harvard (Lectures on Pragmatism, 1903), Peirce defined the three “hardclaims” of pragmatism (“three cotary propositions of pragmatism”, Latin cos, cotis 'kovas, tahko, pumice'), saying they put 'a sharp edge to the pragmatic maxim”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The first of these was the peripatetic-tomistic observation mentioned earlier (“there is nothing in the mind that did not exist first in the senses”), but he considered this link between sensory perception and the content of the mind to be two-way — according to him, what we have in our minds is also at its origin. in the senses.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Thus also sensations are based on theories and sensing itself can be seen as a kind of abduction, with the only difference that it is not controllable and thus not criticisable.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This he did not consider to be in any way incompatible with the falsifiability and correctability of scientific concepts, since only individual sensations in their individuality and “thisness” (haecceitas of the scholastics) are beyond control and correctability.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

However, scientific concepts are generic in nature and instantaneous sensations are corrected in other sense with respect to them.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

This idea of sensing as an abduction has been resurrected with the advent of artificial intelligence research and cognitive science research, for example in the idea of indirect detection by Irvin Rock [25].


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

William James (1842-1910) coined the term “radical empiricism” in the early part of the 20th century.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

He used it to describe a branch born of his own pragmatism, which he said could be treated as separate, even though it was in reality intertwined with his perceptions in his published lectures.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

James held that the empirically observed “directly conceived universe requires no outside over-empirical unifying support”, [26] whereby he wanted to delineate away the notion that any additional benefit could be obtained by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

James's “radical empiricism” is therefore not radical in the context of empiricism but very consistent with the current use of the term “empiricism”.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The argument with which he arrived at this view has instead provoked debate in modern philosophy.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

John Dewey (1859-1952) shaped James' pragmatism into instrumentalism.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In Dewey's theory, the role of sensory perception is crucial, as he saw experience as a cohesive entity of matter through which everything else is placed in its contexts, contrasting James's view of experience as more collective than individual.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The basic idea consistent with Dewey's empiricism was that reality was defined through past experiences.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Therefore, people adapt their previous experience with things to conduct experiments and test the pragmatic value of such experiences.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The value of experiences is measured by scientific instruments and the results of the measurements produce new ideas that serve as tools for future experiments.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

[27] Thus ideas retain in Dewey's system its empirical feature that they are not known until a posteriori.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

See also Behaviorism Empirical formula Empirical method Empirical relationship Empirical knowledge Empirical research Empirical validation Falsification Phenomenalism Instrumentalism Quasi-empirical method Logical empiricism Continental Rationalism (Modern) Rationalism Naturalism Objectivism Pragmatic Maximum Scientific Method Philosophy of Science Sources Frequently Cited Works Abbreviations: EB n = Encylopedia Brittanica (1985), vol.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

's MEP n = Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1969), vol.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

n SEP = Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2005) by Achinstein, Peter, and Barker, Stephen F.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

(1969), The Legacy of Logical Positivism: Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Aristotle, On the Soul (De Anima), W.S.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Hett (translation), pp.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

1—203 in Aristotle, Volume8, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1936.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Aristotle, Posterior Analytics.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Barone, Francesco (1986), Il neopositivismo logico, Laterza, Roma Bari.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Berlin, Isaiah (2004), The Refutation of Phenomenalism, Isaiah Berlin Virtual Library.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Bolender, John (1998), “Factual Phenomenalism: A Supervenience Theory"', SORITES, no.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

9, pp.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Chisolm, R.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

(1948), “The Problem of Empiricism”, Journal of Philosophy 45, 512—517.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Dewey, John (1906), Studies in Logical Theory.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Encyclopedia Britannica, “Empiricism”, vol.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

4, p. 480.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Hume, D., A Treatise of Human Nature, L.A.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Selby-Bigge (ed.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), Oxford University Press, London, UK, 1975.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Hume, D.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

“An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding”, in Enquiries Concerning the Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals, 2nd edition, L.A.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Selby-Bigge (ed.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1902.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

James, William (1911), The Meaning of Truth.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Keeton, Morris T. (1962), “Empiricism”, pp.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

89—90 in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Leftow, Brian (ed., 2006), Aquinas: Summa Theologiae, Questions on God, pp.


Question: Does philosophy know how to answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

vii et seq.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

The Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1969), “The Development of Aristotle's Thought”, vol.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

1, p. 153ff; “George Berkeley”, vol.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

1, p. 297; “Empiricism”, vol.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

2, p. 503; “Mathematics, Foundations of”, vol.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

5, p, 188—189; “The Axiomatic Method”, vol.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

5, p. 192ff; “Epistemological Discussion”, in sections of “Apriori Knowledge” and “Axioms”; “Phenomenalism”, vol.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

6, p. 131; “Thomas Aquinas” in the section “Theory of Knowledge”, vol.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

8, pp.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Marconi, D (2004), “Phenomenismo"', in Gianni Vattimo and Gaetano Chiurazzi (eds.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), L'Enciclopedia Garzanti di Filosofia, 3rd edition, Garzanti, Milan, Italy.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Markie, P. (2004), “Rationalism vs.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Empiricism”, in Edward D. Zalta (ed.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Mill, J.S., in “An Examination of Sir William Rowan Hamilton's Philosophy”, in A.J.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Ayer and Ramond Winch (eds.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), British Empirical Philosophers, Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, 1968.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Morick, H. (1980), Challenges to Empiricism, Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, IN.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Peirce, C.S., “Lectures on Pragmatism”, Cambridge, MA, March 26 — May 17, 1903.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Partially reprinted Collected Papers, CP 5.14—212.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Reprinted with introduction and commentary, Patricia Ann Turisi (ed.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), Pragmatism as a Principle and a Method of Right Thinking: The 1903 Harvard “Lectures on Pragmatism”, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 1997.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

In reprint, pp.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

133—241, Peirce Edition Project (eds.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), The Essential Peirce, Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 2 (1893—1913), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1998.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Rescher, Nicholas (1985), The Heritage of Logical Positivism, University Press of America, Lanham, MD.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Rock, Irvin (1983), The Logic of Perception, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Rock, Irvin (1997), Indirect Perception, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Runes, D.D.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

(ed., 1962), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Sini, Carlo (2004), “Empirismo”, in Gianni Vattimo et al.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

(eds.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), Enciclopedia Garzanti della Philosophy.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Solomon, Robert C., and Higgins, Kathleen M.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

(1996), A Short History of Philosophy, pp.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Sorabji, R.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

(1972), Aristotle on Memory.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Thornton, Stephen (1987), Berkeley's Theory of Reality, Ward, Teddy (n.d.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), “Empiricism”,.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

Wilson, Fred (2005), “John Stuart Mill”, in Edward N. Zalta (ed.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

), the Stanford Encylopedia of Philosophy,.


Question: Can philosophy answer the meaning of life question?

Empiricism

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Adorno, Theodor W., Max Horkheimer & Herbert Marcuse| title = Critique of Reason | publisher = Tampere: Equipois| year = 1991| version = Translated and edited by Jussi Kotkavira| id = ISBN 951-9066-41-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Selin, Risto| title= | publisher = Helsinki: Astronomical Association Ursa| year = 2001| version = Ursa publications 81| id = ISBN 952-5329-19-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tuomela, Raimo| title = Science, Action and reality: Philosophical foundations of scientific worldview | publisher = Helsinki: Gaudeamus| year = 1983| version = Library of Philosophy 11| id = ISBN 951-662-334-4}} On topic elsewhere entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

The Rumble in the Jungle () was a boxing world heavyweight bout that took place on 30 October 1974 at the Stade du 20 mai Stadium in the then Zaire capital Kinshasa between world champion George Foreman and challenger Muhammad Ali.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

The bout is widely regarded as one of the best in boxing history, [1] although its events have been characterized as minor.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

[2] The title of the match was coined by promoter Don King, who promised both fighters a record match fee of $5 million.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

King was a new name at the time as a major match fixer and could not afford to guarantee match fees himself.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

Zaire's president Mobutu Sese Seko agreed to invest his money for the match on the condition that the struggle would be waged in his country.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

[3] The match lasted eight rounds, during which former world champion Muhammad Ali, who went into battle as an underdog, tired his opponent by putting himself on the ropes and letting him beat himself to exhaustion.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

In the last remaining round of the struggle, Ali knocked Foreman down the canvas with a series of punches to the face and won the world title by knockout.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

Ali became the second heavyweight boxer with the victory to be able to win back the title he lost once.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

Background Prior to the fight, Muhammad Ali had lost his fight license and world heavyweight championship in 1967 after refusing to complete his military service.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

In 1970, he made a return to the ring, defeating Jerry Quarry as well as Oscar Bonavena, after which he qualified to challenge world champion Joe Frazier in a world title fight known as Fight of the Century.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

In a struggle, Ali experienced the first defeat of his career, losing a 15-round match to Frazier on points.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

Even after this, he continued his career and managed to emerge as the NABF national champion.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

He lost his title once to Ken Norton, but after regaining it in a rematch he got to face Frazier again.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

However, this had already lost his world title to a young George Foreman.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

Ali defeated Frazier by points and challenged Foreman to a match for the world title.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

George Foreman had won a gold medal at the 1968 Olympics and elevated to professional.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

He could make great use of his large size (190 cm and 100 kg [3]), his impact power and the psychic superiority brought by size.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

He was considered the most feared world champion since Sonny Liston.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

[4] World Champion Joe Frazier had defended his title after winning Ali only twice and went on a scramble known as the Sunshine Showdown against Foreman as a 3:1 preseason favourite.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

[5] His coaches had judged Foreman to be so slow that Frazier would be able to dodge his punches.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

However, that did not happen; Frazier lost his title to a young rookie after falling down the canvas six times over two rounds before the bout had been suspended by the umpire.


Question: Who won the Rumble in the Jungle title?

Rumble in the Jungle

After his bout with Frazier, Foreman defended his title twice: first against José Roman, who came knocked out in the first round; and against Ken Norton, who lost by knockout in the second round.