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He said he would get annoyed whenever someone thought the series was aimed at children.


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She was annoyed even that the first Peanut animation, Jaska Somebody's Christmas won the Primetime Emmy Award for Best Children's Program Series because she didn't think it was a children's program.


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[118] However, the content of peanuts was reputedly always kind and harmless.


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[119] According to Robert Harvey, the Peanuts formula, starting with the first strips, was that children either respond to everyday situations by using adult language — making psychological, sociological or philosophical considerations, for example — or responding to problems in the adult world with childish reactions.


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The characters address readers as they deal with issues and emotions that belong to adulthood, but at the same time retain the innocence of children.


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Schulz felt he had brought something completely new to the comic when he took “minor coincidences”, as the starting point for jokes, as mundane occurrences as possible.


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Although similar humour had already existed earlier in other series, Schulz developed his characters to the point where humour was born more from the characters' personalities than the situations themselves.


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[84] In previous joke series, humour had tended to be more space-driven.


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[64] The content of peanuts is also based on generous repetition, with the amusing problems of the characters recurring over and over again.


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[120] In the 1950s, Peanuts were considered by many to be ahead of its time as a newspaper comic.


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According to David Michaelis, it was a transformative comic because it dealt with such psychological phenomena as alienation, uncertainty, and a sense of inferiority, which were not typical themes in 1950s American newspaper comics.


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In the 1950s, Jaska Joku, who suffers from uncertainty, was considered a new kind of cartoon character with a more authentic and talkative personality than anyone seen before.


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Peanuts were able to express characters' emotions effectively through very minimalist means, with a few words and a punch line.


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The series also dealt, in Michaelis' words, with “proper pain and loss” with “heartfelt gentleness.”


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One of the first themes of the series in its early stages was the mutual cruelty of children.


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[120] According to cartoonist Stephan Pastis, Schulz broke away from the formulas of Peanuts and other strip comics in 1954 when he began making “in a bold way non-funny” strips out of Jaska Jokusen's pathetic underbelly, which gave Peanuts a new level of depth.


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[22] According to Michaelis, Tenav has a therapeutic effect on his readers: identifying with the characters of the series and laughing at them helps to deal with their own problems.


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Especially Jaska Somebody is considered the kind of character everyone can relate to.


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[120] According to Michaelis, American students and young intellectuals of the 1950s became interested in the lines of Jaska Jokus's inner anxiety and uncertainty, which were interpreted as existential statements about the human part of the world.


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Both Jaska Jokusta and Schulz himself were called “the youngest existentialist”.


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Some also linked Peanuts to the spiritual world of the beat generation.


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[120] Since then, the series became mainstream.


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As the US national community fragmented as a result of the controversies surrounding the Vietnam War and cultural shift, beginning in the late 1960s, Peanuts formed a common denominator and, for many, a spiritual getaway.


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[121] [122] One of the most famous analyses of the content of Peanuts is the essay “Jaska Jokus's World” published in 1963 by Italian semioticist Umberto Eco.


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According to Eco, Children of Peanuts portray the mental problems of adults in modern society.


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“These children cringe at us suck because they are monsters in a sense: they are monstrous, infantile minuscules of all the neuroses of a modern citizen of real civilization”.


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The childlike sincerity of the characters makes the reader feel despair at times, between optimism.


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According to Eco, Peanuts pleases cultured adults and children alike, where consciously civilized comics like Pogo only appeal to a narrower audience.


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[123] Rating of the level of decline according to Finnish journalist Jussi Karjalainen “A rather indivisible view is that Peanuts was not only the most popular newspaper comic in the world in its most intrigued years from the late 1950s to the mid-1970s”.


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[124] Many felt that Peanuts became more lackluster and childish over the years in an effort to please an ever wider audience.


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[125] Schulz himself admitted in interviews in his old days that Tenavi had become decidedly softer than before.


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He explained this by the fact that as age grew, the perspective on things became different.


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[126] At the same time, the psychological “real world” of Jaska Jokusen and his friends, as well as the silly imagination world of Rappy, began to intermingle clearly, resulting in an increase in the amount of absurd humour in the series.


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[127] Bill Watterson, a draughtsman for Lass and Levi, stated in the 1980s that Peanuts had not in itself deteriorated, but it had lost its previous pioneer status when all other cartoonists had learned to emulate the same ideas.


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[128] A more critical interpretation was put forward in 2000 by journalist Christopher Caldwell, who stated that Peanuts regressed from a brilliant comic strip after the early 1970s to an entirely uninteresting “third-rate strip” due to the Goofy gaining too much space in the series and supplanting the more talkative human characters.


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Kaustinen and Rimppu were, in Caldwell's view, even more pointless characters from Ressuak, suitable only for completely vacuous jokes.


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[129] Schulz sometimes wondered himself that he had possibly used Sneaky too much and Jaska Somebody too little in the later years of the series.


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[130] The influence on other comics Peanuts and a few other comics that started at the same time, such as Masi, brought joke series back into popularity in the United States.


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By the time of the early 1950s, continuous-plotted adventure series had dominated the comic pages of the American press for a quarter of a century.


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However, with the new trend, they were quickly marginalized.


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[131] Peanuts have been said by some to have also been involved in starting a new trend of “intellectual” sets in the 1950s, in which a reduced style of cartooning merged with more or less philosophical content.


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[64] Peanuts prospered at a time when newspapers were constantly shrinking the space reserved for comics.


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Although Peanuts had been a smaller than normal “space saving strip” when they started, the original size of Peanuts had become the normal size for strip comics in the 1980s.


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[132] The formula of success for Peanuts proved to be easily copied in its simplicity, so the series received a lot of imitators.


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It was as a result that the influence of Peanuts on the development of newspaper comics became greater than that of many other ingenious and prestigious series, as the path Peanuts signposted was easy for other comic writers to follow.


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[133] In particular, the reduced drawing style of Peanuts and Mas and the reduction in the size of strips inspired many cartoonists to experiment with an increasingly simple and simple style and focus solely on refining jokes.


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As a result, the line between well and mediocre cartoons became more fading, which many believe led to a decline in the artistic level of newspaper comics.


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[132] Schulz himself was sorry that continuous-plotted narrative comics were dying out of the way of joke comics, and that the publication size of comics continually shrank.


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[134] However, Peanuts also inspired many later comics that have been recognised as high-quality classics.


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According to Doonesbury draughtsman Garry Trudeau, his entire career was thanks to Peanuts.


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[135] Bill Watterson, the cartoonist of Lass and Levi, named Peanuts as one of his main inspirations.


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[136] Johnny Hart's Pulter is thought to have been a key inspiration for his style from Tenavi.


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[137] Jim Davis's Garfield, Gary Larson's Far Away, Berkeley Breathed's Bloom County and Patrick McDonnell's Kamut have also been cited as comics that probably wouldn't exist without Peanav.


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[135] [138] Art Spiegelman, known for his serious comics, stated that because of Peanuts” commercial image, it was long difficult for him to acknowledge the series' impact on his own work, “because one might as well have said he took influences from breakfast cereal”, but he eventually realised its significance and high quality.


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[139] Animated series such as The Simpsons and South Park have also been attached to the list of claimants of the Schulz legacy.


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[135] In addition, many comics emerged from the immediate inspiration of Peanuts in the 1950s and 1960s starring caricature-like large-headed children.


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These included Mell Lazarus's Miss Mikka (Miss Peach) and Bud Blake's Tiger.


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[140] Commercial use of the series Following the rise of Peanuts to success, Schulz began to receive ample offers in the mid-1950s from companies willing to use characters from the series in their advertising or manufacture ancillary products.


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According to his own account, Schulz was willing to take up the offers because he had a growing family to support and he could not initially know how long the success would continue.


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Schulz first drew his characters for advertising use in 1955 for Kodak's Brownie camera promotional brochure Brownie Book of Picture-Taking.


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[141] The first dolls featuring characters from the series went on sale in 1958.


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Kansas City-based Hallmark began printing Peanvat greeting cards in 1960.


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[142] [37] The number of different ancillary products began to grow, especially from the early 1960s, as Schulz readily agreed to the ideas offered to him.


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[143] In November 1959, Schulz entered into an advertising agreement with Ford Motor Company that guaranteed Ford for a fixed period the exclusive right to use the Tenavat characters in advertising the new Ford Falcon car model in all media, including television commercials.


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Schulz drew the newspaper ads himself.


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According to Schulz, the Ford deal was the first time he had access to truly “big money” (“a lot of money”).


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Under the agreement, Ford paid $75,000 for the use of the characters dating back to 1959 and a yearly increasing amount thereafter, which would reach $100,000 in 1963.


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When the money was split between Schulz and the syndicate, Schulz received a total of $216,750 for the five years of his contract.


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In conjunction with the advertising campaign, Peanuts characters were also first animated for TV commercials, and Bill Melendez was hired as the animation director.


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The Ford ad campaign first drew wider criticism of the commercialisation of Peanuts.


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Some cartoonist colleagues accused Schulz of greed.


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At the same time, some intellectuals enamored with Tenavi complained that using the series' characters in commercial advertising eroded any credibility based on their innocence.


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Schulz didn't see a problem, as he felt Ford was a respectable and respected brand.


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[144] Schulz felt that it was pointless to blame newspaper comics for commercialisation, since they already served a commercial purpose, namely to increase the sale of magazines.


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[145] He also said he was responsible for the jobs created by the Peanuts peripheral products industry.


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On the other hand, he did not want to intervene in cases where companies that used the Tenavat license were accused of selling dangerous products or trampling on workers' rights.


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[146] Schulz followed the principle in the licensing agreements that profits were divided equally in three parts between himself, the comic book syndicate and the acquirer of the license.


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If a fourth party was involved, the winnings were divided equally into four parts.


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[147] Ancillary products for peanuts were sold in 1967 for a total of $20 million, in 1969 for a total of $50 million and in 1971 already $150 million.


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[148] In 1989 the sum was already $1 billion.


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Peanuts remained in the ancillary product business eventually second only to Disney.


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[149] In 2010, total sales of ancillary products were reported to be over $2 billion per year.


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[150] Around the time of Schulz's death, a variety of Tenavat products were on sale for about 20,000.


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[76] By 2009, more than two billion copies of Peanvat-themed postcards printed by Hallmark had been sold.


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In Finland alone, about 16.5 million of them had been sold.


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[151] Outside the United States, the largest market for Peanuts peripherals has traditionally been Japan.


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The unauthorized commercial and non-commercial use of characters in the series has also always been remarkably widespread.


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[152] In the United States, the most prominent company that used Tenavia in its advertising has been the MetLife insurance company, which, among other things, had three advertising zeppelins with the image of Ressu.


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[37] In 2016, the company announced that it would abandon the Tenavat license after more than 30 years.


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[153] MetLife paid $12 million annually for access to the characters, according to estimates, and was the licensees's most lucrative customer.


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Hallmark, which prints postcards, still pays about five million dollars a year for its license and the television channel ABC for the animation rights the same amount.


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[154] In addition to Ford cars and Metlife's insurance policies, Peanuts characters have advertised on US television including Dolly Madison and Weber's Bread, Chex Mix breakfast cereals, Knott's Berry Farm amusement park, Friendly's Family restaurant chain, and Regina vacuum cleaners.


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Bill Meléndez said he had directed a total of 372 commercials featuring Peanvat animations by 2001.


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[81] After sixty years, United Features Syndicate and E.W.


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The Scripps Co.


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sold the publishing rights to Peanuts in June 2010 for $175 million to Iconix Brand Group, which specializes in fashion brands, and Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates, controlled by the Schulz heiress, forming Peanuts Worldwide LLC, a joint venture controlling Peanuts rights.


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Iconix owned 80% of it and the inheritance 20%.


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[154] [155] The new owners transferred the distribution of Peanuts from United Features to the rival Universal Uclick syndicate in February 2011.


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[47] In May 2017, Iconix sold its majority stake (along with the rights to the Strawberry Shortcake character for a total of $345 million) to Canadian media company DHX Media.


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[156] In May 2018, DHX announced in turn that it would sell a 49% stake in its ownership to Sony Music Entertainment Japan for $185 million, followed by DHX owning 41% and Sony 39% respectively.


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[157] Either Sneaky or Jaska Jokunen has been represented among the giant balloons of New York's renowned Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade almost every year since 1968.


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[158] Animations List General Peanut television animations have been made by 2015 in total 45.


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[37] The most popular are the so-called holiday specials formed in the United States, which are aired on television regularly every year on certain holidays and which always garner large numbers of viewers.


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CBS owned their show rights until 2001, when they moved to rival ABC channel.


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[159] The first television animation, Jaska Jokusen Christmas, completed in 1965, is the longest-running annual cartoon programme ever aired in the United States.


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[81] Along with television specials, Tenavi has been made into five feature-length animated films for theatrical distribution.


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Graduates during Schulz's lifetime live, Jaska Jokunen!


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(A Boy Named Charlie Brown, 1969), Snoopy Goes Out to the World (Snoopy, Come Home, 1972), The Race Is Tough, Jaska Somebody (Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown, 1977) and Happy Journey Jaska Somebody (Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!


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), 1980).


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[37] In 2012, Blue Sky Studios and 20th Century Fox teamed up to produce a fifth feature-length animated feature film, which was executed in a different way from previous Peanvat animations as a computer animation.


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Behind the project were Charles M. Schulz's son Craig Schulz with his own son.


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[160] The Peanuts Movie (The Peanuts Movie) premiered in November 2015.


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[161] Between 1983 and 1985, a television series The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show was also made for two seasons, with episodes formed from short skits based on comic strips.


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[37] No more was made of the series because, according to Schulz, it produced too much extra work for him.


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[162] In addition, an education-oriented eight-part miniseries This Is America, about American history, was made in 1988 by Charlie Brown.


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[37] In 2014, the French animation studio Normal made a 500-part series of 90-second long Peanvat short animations, all based on Schulz strips.


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[163] History First time Peanuts characters were animated beginning in January 1960 for the Ford Falcon TV commercials and the initial emblem of the Ford sponsored Tennessee Ernie Ford Show talkshow starting in 1959.


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[164] [37] In late 1963, producer Lee Mendelson made a documentary about Charles M. Schulz under the working title A Boy Named Charlie Brown and wanted to attach a short clip of animation to it.


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Bill Meléndez, who was responsible for previous Ford commercials, was invited to be the executor of the animation, and jazz composer Vince Guaraldi composed the background music.


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Collaboration on the documentary led to Mendelson offering to produce a Christmas television show, A Charlie Brown Christmas (Jaska Jokusen Christmas) sponsored by the Coca-Cola Company, which was scripted by Schulz, directed by Meléndez and composed by Guaraldi.


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At Schulz's insistence, the show did not use a background laugh and was accompanied by a religious scene in which Eppu quotes the Gospel of Luke.


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CBS management was unhappy with the program, but still decided to air it.


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However, Jaska Jokusen Christmas was already a spectator and review success at the time of its premiere.


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It won a Peabody Award and a Primetime Emmy Award for Best Children's Program.


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[165] After Jaska Jokusen Christmas, Lee Mendelson began producing more Peanvat animation almost from the conveyor belt.


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Mendelson produced all Peanvat animations right up to He's a Bully, Charlie Brown, completed in 2006.


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They were also made at Bill Meléndez's animation studio, and he directed the lead of the animations.


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Additionally, Meléndez starred in the vocalizations of Ressu and Kaustinen in all animated films until his death in 2008.


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[37] Meléndez directed the animations himself for a long time, but with the addition of productions in his studio, he transferred the directing of television specials from the 1970s onwards mainly to his subordinates.


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Following this, Phil Roman, Sam Jaimes and Larry Leichliter served as directors.


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The main animator, along with Meléndez, was Bill Littlejohn, who worked especially on the Ressu scenes.


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[166] Schulz has been credited on his own as the screenwriter of almost every Tenavat animation made in his lifetime.


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[167] Schulz and Meléndez usually designed the plots of the animated films together and others sometimes made additions to them, but the scripts have still been said to have been predominantly Schulz's handwriting.


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Some of the plot was based almost directly on stories that appeared in the comic itself, some were entirely new.


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[168] The last Peanvat animations made during Schulz's lifetime were made for direct-to-video distribution in the 1990s.


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[81] One of the hallmarks of Peanvat animations starting with Ford commercials was the use of child voice actors instead of adults, which at the top was exceptional in the industry.


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Because children grew out of voices suitable for the characters in a few years, the actors were changed more than twenty times over the course of the years.


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Due to the popularity of Jaska Jokusen's Christmas, later animation efforts were made to find children whose voices would sound similar to those used in it.


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[169] Awards and accolades Five Peanuts animated films have won an Emmy Award: A Charlie Brown Christmas (Best Children's Program 1966), A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving (Screenplay made by Schulz was awarded in the Children's Programmes Series 1974), You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown (Best Screenplay) children's special 1976), Happy Anniversary, Charlie Brown (best children's factual programme 1976) and Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown (best animation 1981).


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Twenty-three other Peanvat animated films were also Emmy nominations.


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In addition, the movie Long Live Jaska Jokunen!


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received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Musical Composition.


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[81] In November 2015, Sunny received a star of his own on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, next to a star previously awarded to Schulz.


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[170] Music With the advent of animations, Vince Guaraldi's jazz music began to be commonly associated with Tenavi.


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Notably, the piano piece known as “Linus and Lucy” is commonly known as the theme music of Peanuts.


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Charles M. Schulz himself did not like jazz at all, but was more appreciative of classical music.


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[171] Guaraldi composed the music for a total of 15 Tenavat animations before his death in 1976.


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Thereafter, animation composers were mainly Ed Bogas and Judy Munsen, until Guaraldi's music began to be used again starting in 1992 in the most recent animated films.


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[37] Guaraldi's music has also been used in some places in the 2015 film Tenavat, although the main part of its music has been composed by Christophe Beck.


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[172] Sneaky Leaves the World has music composed by the Sherman brothers and This Is America, the Charlie Brown series used a different composer in each episode.


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[173] So far the most recent television animation is the 2011 completed Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, by Charlie Brown, whose music was composed by Mark Mothersbaugh.


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[37] Unrealized Live-Action Film In 1992 Warner Bros.


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studio acquired from Schulz the rights to the film “Tenavat” with real actors, for which John Hughes, who was successful with his family comedies, was hired as screenwriter.


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[174] The project was reportedly buried in a film written by Hughes, Ville Vallato, after a poor reception the following year.


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[175] Other works inspired by Peanuts were composed and lyrics by Clark Gesner based on Peanuts in 1966 for the popular musical You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown (performed in Finland as Peanuts).


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It premiered Off-Broadway in 1967 and eventually also on actual Broadway in 1971.


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Schulz himself liked the musical greatly and encouraged Gesner in making it.


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[176] There was a new Broadway version of it in 1999.


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[177] You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown has been a decade after decade in the United States especially in the popularity of enthusiast theatres.


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It is said to be one of the most aired musicals in the United States or even the most aired.


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[37] [178] There is also another lesser-known Peanut musical Snoopy!


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The Musical.


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[37] It received its off-Broadway premiere in 1982.


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[179] Both musicals were adapted in the 1980s as animated films.


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[81] A Floridian rock band called The Royal Guardsmen recorded the humorous song “Snoopy vs.


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the Red Baron”, which told of Ressu's fictional aerial battles as a World War I pilot hero against the Red Baron.


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[180] [181] Mauri “Moog” Konttinen later translated the same song into Finnish and recorded it as “Ressu ja Punainen Paroni”.


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[182] American composer Ellen Taaffe Zwilich composed a six-part chamber orchestra series for Peanuts® gallery in 1996, which premiered the following year at New York's Carnegie Hall.


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[183] Painter Tom Everhart has made paintings of Peanuts since the 1980s, based on Schulz's drawings.


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As for Schulz's wish, he is the only one with official permission for this.


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[184] Due to its popularity, Peanov has been parodied countless times.


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Among other things, the comic book magazine MAD excelled by publishing dozens of Peanivat parodies.


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[185] Schulz said himself that he appreciated the skills of MAD's cartoonists.


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[186] He also drew one Peanut strip in 1973, which featured the head of MAD's mascot Alfred E. Neuman.


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[185] Charles M. Schulz's former hometown of Saint Paul erected a series of large bronze statues in Landmark Plaza Park in 2003 showing Peanuts figurines.


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[187] Peanuts in Finland First, Tenavia published a Christian children's magazine called Lasten Kuvalehti by Kuva ja Sana publishing house in 1956, where in 1956 a few strips from Jaska Joku and Tellu appeared anonymously and in 1958 under the name Pirkko and Pekka.


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[188] [189] However, the series was actually imported to Finland by the Sanoma company.


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The initiator was Aatos Erkko, who was editor-in-chief of Weekly Messages in the late 1950s and was looking abroad for suitable comics for the company's magazines.


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According to Erko, the Finnish names of Peanavie and its characters were invented by himself and Juhana Perkki, Simopekka Nortamo and Mary Wuorio.


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The name Jaska Jokunen is mentioned as having been invented by Erko himself, but most of the names were invented by Perkki, [190] who was the finance manager of Sanoma Oy at the time.


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[189] The first Tenavat strips appeared in Finnish on 30 October 1959 simultaneously in Ilta-Sanomat and Viikkosanom.


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[191] Tenavia is still published by Ilta-Sanomat.


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Tenav has had several Finns.


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Juhani Tolvanen has been producing the series since 1979.


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According to her own account, she has not wanted to spread to Finland such American phenomena that are not already known in Finland, so for years she turned all Valentine's Day cards into birthday cards in dialogue.


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[192] [193] On the other hand, however, it has been claimed that Peanavie contributed to the fact that Valentine's Day celebrations and Valentine's Day cards also spread to Finland in the 1980s.


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[194] Sanoma Oy started publishing Tenavat books in Finnish in 1968.


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The series has since been continued by Helsinki Media and Egmont.


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By 1999, more than one million copies had already been sold in Finland.


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[195] Sanoma also published a comics magazine called Ressu, which appeared once a month between 1990 and 1992.


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[98] Marketed to children, the magazine featured Peanuts and Ulla strips.


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[196] Bibliography The first collection featuring Peanuts strips (Peanuts) was published by the Rinehart publishing house in 1952.


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[14] Various Tenavat books have since been published in great numbers.


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By 1999, more than 300 million copies had been sold in various countries [191].


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In the United States, between 2004 and 2016, the Fantagraphics comic book publishing company published a book series, The Complete Peanuts, containing all of the Tenavat newspaper strips in the order of original appearance.


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[197] It also includes more than 2000 strips that have not been republished before that time since their original newspaper appearance.


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[67] Only the first two volumes of the book series appeared in Finnish as Perfect Peanuts, covering the years 1950—1954.


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[98] [198] Fantagraphics additionally publishes a series called Peanuts Every Sunday, which will include all Sunday strips in colour.


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[199] It has not been published in Finnish at all.


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In Finland, Sanoma Oy published a total of 38 Tenavat strip paperback collections between 1968 and 1993.


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Helsinki Media continued the series from 1994 to 1997 and Egmont starting in 1998.


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Sixty-one parts have appeared so far.


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In addition, eight other paperbacks, six albums, 13 hardcover comic books and 59 picture books or other works illustrated with Tenavat cartoons have been published by various publishers in Finnish.


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[98] The Complete Peanuts Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Complete Peanuts: 1950—1952| location = Tampere| publisher = Egmont| year = 2007| version = (The Complete Peanuts: 1950 to 1952, 2004.)


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English. Juhani Tolvanen| id = ISBN 978-952-469-737-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Complete Peanuts: 1953-1954| location = Tampere| publisher = Egmont| year = 2008| version = (The Complete Peanuts: 1953 to 1954, 2004.)


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English. Juhani Tolvanen| id = ISBN 978-952-469-912-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1955 to 1956| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2005| id = ISBN 1-56097-647-0}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1957 to 1958| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2005| id = ISBN 1-56097-670-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1959 to 1960| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2006| id = ISBN 1-56097-671-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= The Complete Peanuts: 1961 to 1962| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2006| id = ISBN 1-56097-672-1}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1963 to 1964| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year 200= 7| id = ISBN 1-56097-723-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= The Complete Peanuts: 1965 to 1966| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2007| id = ISBN 1-56097-724-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1967 to 1968, | location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2008| id = ISBN 1-56097-826-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1969 to 1970| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2008| id = ISBN 1-56097-827-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1971 to 1972| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2009| id = ISBN 1-60699-145-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1973 to 1974| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2009| id = ISBN 1-606969| 286-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1975 to 1976| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2010| id = ISBN 1-60699-345-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1977 to 1978| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2010| id = ISBN 1-60699-375-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1979 to 1980| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2011| id = ISBN 1-60699-438-7}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| = The Complete Peanuts : 1981 to 1982| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2011| id = ISBN 1-60699-471-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1983 to 1984| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2012| id = ISBN 1-60699-523-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1985 to 1986| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2012| id = ISBN 1-60699-572-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1987 to 1988| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| 2012| id = ISBN 1-60699-634-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1989 to 1990| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2013| id = ISBN 1-60699-680-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Peanuuts TS: 1991 to 1992| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2013| id = ISBN 1-60699-726-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1993 to 1994| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2014| id = ISBN 1-60699-773-4}} Citation with error, replace {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1995 to 1996| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: 1997 to 1998| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= The Complete Peanuts: 1999 to 2000| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2016}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = The Complete Peanuts: Comics and Stories| location = Seattle| publisher = Fantagraphics| year = 2016}} Egmont Series 1.


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Don't be thrilled, Jaska Jokunen (1968) 2.


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Day shines, Jaska Jokunen (1969) 3.


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Snoopy and the Red Baron (1969), picture book 4.


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You're cute, Jaska Jokunen (1969) 5.


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Jaska Jokusen Christmas (1969), picture book adaptation of animation 6.


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Sloppy to Parliament (1970) 7.


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It's Love, Jaska Jokunen (1970), a picture book adaptation from animation 8.


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Long live Jaska Jokunen (1970), a picture book adaptation from the animated film 9.


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Games stop, Jaska Jokunen (1970) 10.


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You'll be fine, Jaska Jokunen (1971) 11.


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Beware of the lakaball, Jaska Jokunen (1971) 12.


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Snopy and His Biplane (1971), Picture Book 13.


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Summer is gone, Jaska Jokunen (1971), a picture book adaptation of animation 14.


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Attempted not to put, Jaska Jokunen (1971) 15.


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Dear Ordinary, Jaska Jokunen (1972) 16.


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There we are, Jaska Jokunen (1973) 17.


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Ressu writes the book “It Was a Dark and Stormy Night” (1973), picture book 18.


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Experience, Jaska Jokunen (1974) 19.


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The top winds, Jaska Jokunen (1974) 20.


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Luck favors the brave, Jaska Jokunen (1976) 21.


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Beware of the Dog, Jaska Jokunen (1976) 22.


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Fear Away, Jaska Jokunen (1977) 23.


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All on time, Jaska Jokunen (1978) 24.


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Hitting from the Flight, Sneaky (1979) 25.


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Life is Wonderful, Snippy (1980) 26.


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Suu suppuun, Kaustinen (1981) 27.


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Rima high, Boozy (1982) 28.


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The genus is the dearest, Boozy (1983) 29.


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Pouted into a field, Tellu (1984) 30.


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Peanuts in a Party Mood (1985) 31.


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Pace Up (1986) 32.


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Gotta Tell (1986) 33.


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Yes that's it (1988) 34.


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With the Ball (1989) 35.


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To its honor (1990) 36.


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Take and Rut (1991) 37.


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The fastest rag in the West (1992), Classic Peanuts 38.


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Who's Afraid of Rain (1993) 39.


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The Bunny Gets Away (1994) 40.


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The World Is Yours (1995) 41.


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Than Then Before (1996), Classic Peanuts 42.


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Rest day track (1996), Klassikko-Peanuts 43.


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The ball is round too (1997), Klassikko-Peanuts 44.


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Summer Short, Winter Long (1997) 45.


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There are many Jaskas (1997), Klassikko-Peanuts 46.


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Creative Work (1997) 47.


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Say Birdseed (1998) 48.


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Soft Landing (1998) 49.


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All in the game!


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(1999) 50.


Question: What year was the Peanut comic published?

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Festive Peanuts (1999) 51.


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Heroes of All (2000) 52.


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Decades of Happiness 1950-2000 (2000) 53.


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Flags to flame (2001) 54.


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Winter comes, Jaska Jokunen (2001) 55.


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Rappy's Treat Moment (2002) 56.


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Break spot, Peppermint-Pipsa (2002) 57.


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Poker Holds, Snippy (2003) 58.


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Undeceiving Game Eye (2003) 59.


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Blocks in place, Playback (2004) 60.


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A Smile in the Sensitive (2004) 61.


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Rousy — Valid Philosopher (2010) Other albums Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Rousy and Red Baron| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2003| version = Finland. Juhani Tolvanen| id = ISBN 951-1-18658-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Peanuts: Among friends: Celebrating Peanuts 60 years| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2010| version = Finland. Juhani Tolvanen| id = ISBN 978-951-1-24557-5}} Sources Literature Robert C. Harvey: The Art of the Funnies: An Aesthetic History.


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from the University Press of Mississippi in 1994.


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ISBN 0-87805-674-2 M. Thomas Inge (ed.


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): Charles M. Schulz: Conversations.


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University Press of Mississippi, 2000.


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ISBN 9781578063055 Rheta Grimsley Johnson: The Good Grief: The Story of Charles M. Schulz.


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Ravette Books, Sussex in 1989.


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ISBN 1 85304 255 2 Chip Kidd (ed.


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): Peanuts: The Art of Charles M. Schulz.


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Pantheon Books, New York 2001.


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ISBN 0-375-71463-4 David Michaelis: Schulz and Peanuts: A Biography, paperback institution.


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Harper Perennial, New York 2008 (original hardcover facility 2007).


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ISBN 978-0-06-093799-7 Charles Solomon: The Art and Making of Peanuts Animation.


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Chronicle Books, San Francisco 2012.


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ISBN 978-1-4521-1091-2 Complete Peanuts 1950—1952, Finnish. Juhani Tolvanen and Veikko Malmberg.


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Egmont in 2007.


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ISBN 978-952-469-737-8 (initial work The Complete Peanuts 1950—1952) David Michaelis: The Life and Deeds of Charles M. Schulz, emt.


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p. 291—303.


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Rick Marschall & Gary Groth: An Interview with Charles M. Schulz (done 1987, first published in 1992), emt.


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p. 304—337.


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Juhani Tolvanen: Interview with Charles M. Schulz (done 1999), emt.


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p. IX—XI.


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Celebrating Peanuts 60 years (ed.


Question: What year was the Peanut comic published?

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Paige Braddock & Alexis E. Fajardo, foreword by Jean Schulz).


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Andrews McMeel Publishing, Kansas City 2009.


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ISBN 0-7407-8548-6 One feast, Peanuts! , Special Appendix of Ilta-Messages 4.11.1999 References on the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Timely-Atlas-Comics Blog (2012) * Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

A meteor, colloquially, shooting star is a light phenomenon created when a small rock, or meteoroid, “burns” in the atmosphere.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Normally, this light phenomenon lasts a few tithes of a second, if that, a few seconds at most.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

A meteor visible by eye is created when a body more than 0.1 millimeter in diameter is destroyed in the atmosphere, but the ionisation pivots of even smaller bodies (so-called micrometeors) are detected by radar.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

The meteoroid will become a meteorite if it survives all the way to Earth's surface.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

The fireball is a bright (brighter than —4 magnitudes) meteor.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

A bright explosive or drooping meteor is called a bolide.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

A fireball is spawned by a piece about more than two centimeters in diameter.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Some large bodies that decay or explode in the atmosphere have a diameter of meters, even tens of meters.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Most of the brightest observed fireballs do not belong to meteor swarms.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Of the observed fireballs, practically everyone remains meteors, ground falls of space debris are very rarely verified.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Meteors originate from comets and asteroids in perihelization, or the disintegration of the parent comet, from which slowly forms into the parent body's orbit a particle belt orbiting the Sun.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

If Earth in its orbit intersects the orbit of this particles, they are detected on the ground surface as meteors.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

If they appear to come from one point in the sky at all times at the same time, the phenomenon is called a shooting star, or meteor swarm.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Meteors are divided into two castes depending on whether or not they belong to meteorite swarms.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Meteors not belonging to meteors swarms are said to be sporadic meteors.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

The difference between sporadic and swarm meteor is abundant (as well as what meteor swarms are listed in the swarm list), since there are basically an almost unrecorded number of meteor swarms that each meteor would belong to a swarm.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

The IAU meteor swarm list has 276 shoals, of which 56 pieces are counted as more established.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

The most famous meteorite swarms are the quadrantids of early January, the Perseids of August, the leonids, which are occasionally abundant in November, and the December Geminids.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Most of the meteor particle volume orbiting the Sun is on a track with an inclination level (inclination) of less than 30 degrees to the planetary trajectory level.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Therefore, the most active areas of radiation points of some meteoric swarms, especially sporadic meteors, are located at track level.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Earth's own rotational motion around the Sun causes radiant regions of sporadic meteors to be concentrated in the direction of the morning side of Earth.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

The ellipticity of meteoroid orbits causes a range of activity in the direction of the Sun and its opposite direction.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Meteors arriving from these two directions are called helionic and antihelionic, which are thus distinguished from other sporadic meteors.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

However, helionic meteors are hardly detectable without radar equipment, as they can be seen in the luminous sky during the daytime, while antihelionic ones are observed in the night sky.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

The Earth's atmosphere hits about 10 to 100 tonnes of meteorite materials per day.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

75% of it is less than 1 mm in diameter.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

[1] 1 micrometre diameter piece hits every 30 microseconds, 1 mm diameter every 30 seconds, and 1 meter diameter every year.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

[2] The discipline studying the meteor phenomenon, meteorological astronomy, originated in the last decades of the 19th century with the activation of periodic meteorite swarms (for example, leonids).


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Meteor observations were carried out until the 1930s mostly with the naked eye, followed by photography, from the 1940s onwards by VHF radars, and in recent decades by light-sensitive video imaging equipment, infrared spectrometers and high-powered UHF radars, as well as planetary probes accompanied by with flying dust particle detectors.


Question: Where does shooting star come from?

meteor

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Astronomical Association Ursa ry| title= Stars 2006| year = 2006}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lagerstedt, Ely| title = Ghost rockets and other sky phenomena | location = Helsinki| publisher = Books on Demand| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-498-649-6}} On topic elsewhere Category:Meteoroids Category:Light phenomena Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Sicily (Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea in Italy.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The size of the island is 25,700 square kilometers and is home to a good five million people.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

At its narrowest, the Messinan Strait, just 3.3 kilometres wide, separates Sicily from the Apennine Peninsula.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

[1] The island, with its neighboring islands, forms the administrative region of Sicily, divided into nine county-level regions.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The geography of Sicily is somewhat of a triangle, the shortest “side” of which is oriented towards the east.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The northeastern corner is closest to mainland Italy, namely the Apennine Peninsula, from which Sicily is separated by the Strait of Messinans.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Sicily is volcanic.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

To its north lie the smaller similarly volcanic Lipari Islands.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The southern and western part of Sicily are relatively wide.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The northern and eastern parts are mountainous.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The eastern part of the island is dominated by the volcano Etna (3340 m mpy.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

), located near the city of Catania.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The circumference of the volcano is about 200 kilometers.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Sicily is a fertile island.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Olives and wine are the main agricultural products of the island.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Oranges, lemons and almonds are also grown on the island.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Cities major cities in Sicily include the capital Palermo and the provincial and metropolitan capitals of Catania, Messina, Syracuse, Trapani, Enna, Caltanissetta, Agrigento and Ragusa.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Other well-known Sicilian cities include Cefalù, Taormina, Bronte, Marsala, Corleone, Castellammare del Golfo and Tripi.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions Etna volcanic eruptions and earthquakes have caused great loss of life and economic damage throughout the time.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The eruption of Etna in 1669 partially obliterated the town of Catania.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The 1693 earthquake caused great devastation in the eastern part of the island.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In 1783, half of the city of Messina was destroyed by an earthquake.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

75,000 people were killed in the 1908 earthquake.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In 1968, hundreds of people died in an earthquake in the west of the island.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

History Prehistory Sicily has been inhabited as early as the Paleolithic period when the island has been home to a gathering and hunter culture left by cave drawings.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The Neolithic culture arrived in Sicily around 5000 BCE, and brought with it farming and pottery from the Near East.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In the 21st century BC.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Sicily became part of copper-age metals trade routes.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The Bronze Age began around 1800 BCE.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Around 1400—1200 BCE.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

the island was within the sphere of influence of the Greek Mycenaean culture, and there were Mycenaean trading posts.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

[2] The oldest known inhabitants of Sicily were the chicans.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Late Bronze Age circa 1200—900 BCE.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Chiculs from mainland Italy, as well as elyms, arrived on the island.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The Phoenicians established trading posts on the coast of the island around 1100—1000 BCE.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

[2] Antique miniature|Volcano Etna as seen from Taormina Theatre.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The Greeks established settlements in Sicily from the Geometric Period from the 7th century BCE.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

since.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

[2] Thus the coastal areas of the island gradually became Hellenic.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

At the same time, the Greeks colonized the southern part of mainland Italy, or so-called Greater Greece (Magna Graecia).


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In Greek terms, Sicily was known as Sikelia.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Due to favourable farming conditions and lively trade, Sicily became a prosperous and thriving region, and in this many ways overtook the mother country of Greece.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The most prominent polis, or city-states, in Sicily were Syracuse, Akgaras, Gela, Selinus, Katane, Naksos, Himera and Zankle, or later Messene.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

As time passed, the original tribes of the island also Hellenized.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The Greek cities of Sicily often warred not only with each other but also against Carthage.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Carthaginians began settling on the island from the 6th century BCE.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Since, [2] and conquered part of the island.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Carthage, however, lost its territory to the Romans in the First Punic War.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Once and for all, Rome confirmed the island for itself in the Second Punic War.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In the Roman period, Sicily became the first province of Rome.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

[2] At the start of the Roman period, the whole of Sicily must have been predominantly Hellenic and Greek-speaking.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In the early days of Roman rule, Sicily served as the granary of the empire before the annexation of Egypt into the kingdom.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

However, the island suffered considerably from Rome's numerous civil wars, and regressed relative to the Greek period.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Later history During the Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages, the location of Sicily protected it somewhat from the worst barbarian waves that devastated Western Rome.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Alarik failed to recapture the island for the Visigoths in the 3rd century Jaa., but Geiserik gained control of it by the Vandals in the following century.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In the end, however, it ended up being goths.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Belisarius recaptured the island for the Byzantine Empire in 535, and it remained part of the empire until the 8th century.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In the 8th century, Sicily was invaded by Saracens.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

These first settled in Agrigentum (Agrigento) in 827, then took Messena (Messina) in 831 and Panormus (Palermo) in 835.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Syracuse did not fall last until 878.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Byzantium regained part of the island in the 10th century with the help of the Normans.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In 1061, however, Robert Guiscard of the Normans invaded the island in his own name and, after a long struggle, gained control of it.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In 1130, the Norman Roger II united Naples and Sicily into one kingdom, the Kingdom of Sicily.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In 1282, Sicily fell to Aragon, whose king in 1442 also gained possession of the Kingdom of Naples.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In 1504—1713, Sicily belonged to the Spanish Empire.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Sicily fell to the Savoy in 1713 and was reannexed in 1720 to Naples.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

In 1815, Sicily and Naples received the name Kingdom of Both Sicily, which was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1861 to form a united Italy.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

During World War II, German-Italian troops had a base on the island during African actions.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The Allies came ashore in Sicily in 1943.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Culture Language The Sicilian language is a language inherited from Latin that differs somewhat from the Italian language.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

It has a lot of words derived from the Arabic language and also many borrowings from Catalan, French and Spanish.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Attractions Near the small mountain town of Piazza Armerina in the central part of the island lies the remains of Villa Romana del Casale, the villa of Emperor Maximianus.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The urban centre of Taormina and the ruins of the theatre where major classical music festivals are held in mid-August.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Etna Volcano can be reached by cable car to admire the scenery overlooking the entire island.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Cathedrals of Palermo, Cefalù and Monreale, especially their Norman period mosaics.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

The Mafia (Cosa Nostra), a criminal organisation spread to the United States with migrants, is from Sicily.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

It originated in the 19th century, not the Middle Ages as some myths claim.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Benito Mussolini received a weakened Mafia position, but after the war, the Mafia re-emerged as a factor influencing the whole of Italian politics.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Beginning in the 1980s, several mafiosos have broken the omertà, or law of silence, during interrogations and several mafia leaders have been arrested.


Question: What was the population of Sicily in 2018?

Sicily

Sources On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Pyhäjärvi [1] [2] is a lake located in Pirkanmaa in Vesilahti, Nokia, Tampere, Pirkkala, Lempäälä and Aka, belonging to the Pyhäjärvi region of the Vanajaved-Pyhäjärvi region in the Kokemäenjoki River basin.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Pyhäjärvi belongs to the surrounding area of Pyhäjärvi and is the 39th largest Finnish lake.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[2] [1] [3] Geographical information The intersection of water routes Pyhäjärvi belongs to the Kokemäenjoki River basin and is the central lake of the watershed.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The catchment area of Pyhäjärvi is 17073 km² [4].


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The water descends to Pyhäjärvi by two routes.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

To the northern back, the waters enter through Tammerkoski from Näsijärvi (Näsijärvi route), with a catchment area of 7642 km² [4].


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Further south to Pyhäjärvi falls from Vanajavedki (Vanajavesi route) with a catchment area of 8641 km² [4].


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

From the east, the Längelmävesi route and the Hauho route also descend to the latter.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Pyhäjärvi goes through Nokianvirta, or Emäkoski, to Kulovete and from there further through Kokemäjoki to the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[2] Overview Tampere, the largest city in the Järvi region, has fewer shores in the northern part of Pyhäjärvi than Nokia on its western side, which has expanded to the southwest as far as Tottijärvi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

It shares roughly half the western shores of Pyhäjärvi with Vesilahti.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Located south of Tampere, Pirkkala shares the eastern shores of Pyhäjärvi with Lempäälä.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Only a small portion of the beach remains from the southernmost parts of Pyhäjärvi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[1] [5] The shape of Pyhäjärvi is a long and curved lake divided by long headlands and islands into different sizes.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The length of the lake is with its curved shape following just under 50 kilometres.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The northern part of the lake is divided in two by the large island Luoto, which has a strait less than 50 metres wide at the northern end of the Sotka agglomeration.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

At the southern end of the island runs another strait over 50 metres wide Trench.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Between Tampere and Pirkkala and cut off by Highway 3, a wide back of ten kilometres long and three kilometres wide opens to Pyhäjärvi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Through Tampere, Näsijärvi waters fall into the lake through Tammerkoski.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Next to Tammerkoski falls the Wine Chickens and, a little further south, Vihioja his water.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Härmälänoja serves as the border ditch between the cities of Tampere and Pirkkala.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

All beaches in this water area, with minor exceptions, are built.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The southwestern side of Highway 3 remains a seven-kilometre long and up to three kilometres wide section of the lake, the southern part of which is called Saviselkä.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Located opposite Nokia and Pirkkalankylä is the Nokianvirta skeleton of Pyhäjärvi's lower river, and opposite it the lake counts the Savijoki River.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

From the north to the lake falls through Vihnusjärvi Myllypuro and Leppioja.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Lajanoja from the north falls directly into the Nokianstream.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The northern shores of this part of the lake are almost all built up.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[1] [5] Between Luoto and Avesaari and Palho peninsula further south, there is a broken part of the lake, broken by headlands and deep bays.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

It is located behind Luoto a small Taivannonselkä and further south the large Sorvanselkä.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

North of Luo, beaches circle the Sotka conurbation.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

West of Sorvanselä is distinguished by a section pushing deep inland, which remains behind Vapala Island.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

To the south of Sorvanniemi lies the small agglomeration of Sorva.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Behind Vapala, Huhtaanselkä protrudes to the west, ending in Lamminlahti in the northwest and Maivaselkä in the southwest, which has a long Jänijärvi bay.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The shores of this part of the lake are arable.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The smaller Ruonanselkä remains south of Vapala.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[1] [5] In front of Avesaari and Salon Island both remain straits about a kilometre wide and between which the large Säijänselkä opens.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

It is six miles long and just as wide.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

West of it protrudes Vakkalanselkä, where the river Vassinjoki descends.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The beaches of this region, as a rule, are arable land, which, however, are violated by small hilly forest islets.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[1] [5] Beyond Salon Island continue the Kierimo Straits opening to Toutose, which is located in the middle of farming areas.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

It has an eight-kilometer long back that is up to two kilometers wide between.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

A large bay is left between two long headlands on the northeast side of Toutose.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

To the south-west, a strait is protruded, behind which the Sakaselkä opens and on the banks of which lies the church village of Vesilahti.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

From here you can continue southeast to Kirkkolahti or northwest via Hintsasalmi to Laukonselä.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

From Laukonselä you can reach Alhonselä south, where the Narva agglomeration is located and where the Narvanjoki river descends.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[1] [5] At the southeastern end of Toutose, just under 100 metres wide, a seven kilometre long bay with several smaller backs and narrow straits remain between them.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The bay pushes south and when going in that direction comes first against Lake Hulaus, which is three kilometres long and less than a kilometre wide.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

At Himaussaari, a strait is less than 100 metres wide to Lake Mannannenjärvi to the west, where the Koskenjoki falls.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

A small Sauvonselkä remains south of Himaussaari, where you can continue to travel south through the narrow Rikalanjärvi and Sarkkilan river (strait) to wider Heinälahti.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

It forms the southern stern of Pyhäjärvi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

All beaches south of Toutose are fringed by arable land.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[1] [5] East of Toutonen remains between the island and the mainland to Hahkalanvou, behind which opens Kirkkojärvi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The northern and eastern shores of Kirkkojärvi revolve around the residential areas of the central area of Lempäälä.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The Kuokkalankoski river of Vanajavesi falls to the northeastern end of Kirkkojärvi and the Lempäälä Canal from Hiidenvuoltee falls to the southern end of Kirkkojärvi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[1] [5] History Natural history Towards the end of the Ice Age, after the continental glacier's edge receded to the north of the region, the water of the Baltic Sea covered the Pyhäjärvi basin and its surroundings.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The water extended about 80 meters above the present surface of Pyhäjärvi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

As a result of land uplift, the surface forms of the environment rose higher and the highest points rose above the water level.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Eventually, the present lake basin, where was deeper than elsewhere, differentiated into a sea bay that was strung apart from the Baltic Sea about 9000 years ago.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

From the moment of breakage, the landing threshold of the lake has been located in its current location in the Nokianvirta marsh.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

After constriction, due to the unevenness of the land uplift, the earth's crust has been tilted towards the southeast, due to which the water level has increased in almost the entire area of the lake.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The strongest water rise has been at the southern end of the lake, where water levels have risen several metres.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

At the same time as the water level rose, the lake basin expanded southwards and in this slow flood the low backs of Vesilahti and Lempäälä were created.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[6] During the time of the strangulation, the waters of Längelmävesi, Roine and Mallasvesi fell to the northeastern part of Pyhäjärvi through Kaukajärvi to Viinikanlahti.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

This stream drainage dried up early and a new stream seam opened in Valkeakoski 7500 years ago.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

At first, Näsijärvi did not fall into Pyhäjärvi but fell into the Gulf of Bothnia down to the northern Lapuanjoki.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

Due to the tilt of the land, the southern end of Näsijärvi flooded over the edge of Pispalanharju, puncturing the Tammerkoski ridge at its shallowest point.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The outbreak has been drastic because the water level in Näsijärvi decreased by a couple of metres and the water level of Pyhäjärvi rose by a couple of metres accordingly.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The flood inundated shallow beaches and swamps.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The traces found in them have been able to date the date of the outbreak to about 7500 years ago.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[6] Pyhäjärvi has thus been the lake coast during the heat period 6000 years ago, when a large number of noble deciduous trees were found in southern Finland.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

An example is the now-endangered pen elm, especially found in Valkeakoski, Vanajavesi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[7] In recent history in the 18th century, the northern shores of Pyhäjärvi were mainly forest, which is clearly reflected in the 1758 big-dividing map.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The situation changed when the city of Tampere was founded in 1779 and the beaches were taken up for housing and industrial use.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

There were a few houses in the area before the town was founded, of which the Hatanpää Manor, founded in 1690, was the most substantial and the house in Pyyniki was the second.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

The arable lands of these were located on the banks of Tammerkoski and Hatannäniemi.


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

[8] The Lake District has been served by, among other things, the Silver Line water bus route [9].


Question: How big is Pyhäjärvi?

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere)

See also List of the 100 largest lakes in Finland M/S Silver Sky Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tom Frisk, Ämer Bilaletdin, Heikki Kaipainen, Arto Paananen and Anu Peltonen| title = Pyhäjärvi remediation | location = Tampere| publisher = Pirkanmaa Environment Center| year = 2007| version = Pirkanmaa Environment Agency reports 3/2007| id = ISBN 978-952-11-2747-2 (printed) ISBN 978-952-11-2752-6 (pdf) | format = [Online version of publication] | accessdate = 20.6.2009}} References on the topic elsewhere *


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastic waste is commonly any waste containing plastic.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

In organized waste management, plastic waste can be a collectable waste fraction containing only certain suitable plastic grades.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastic that ended up in nature counts as pollution.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Of the roughly 90 billion pounds of plastic produced a year, about 10 percent ends up in the oceans.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[1] In addition, it exists in breathing air.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

There is a lot of plastic waste created because plastic is low-cost to manufacture and multifunctional.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

In addition, it is comparatively well preserved in the environment compared to many of the materials used in previous similar products, such as wood, leather or paper.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Since consumer behaviour and waste management have not kept pace with plastics consumption in many countries, plastic waste dumped into nature is a major environmental problem.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastic waste is generated in a decentralized way in consumer use because plastic is used a lot in packaging and also in the products themselves.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Packaging immediately becomes waste, in addition to which many plastic products are short-lived.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastic waste as pollution There are many types of plastics, but mostly plastic degrades very poorly in nature and ends up as pollution.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Even if a piece of plastic breaks down into small fragments invisible to the eye, its components are preserved and what is known as microplastic is formed, the components of which are micrometer-class.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

In addition, some products such as cosmetics may contain microplastic already ready.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[2] According to Greenpeace, 10% of the plastic used (100 million tonnes per year) ends up in the ocean and most of it sinks to the bottom of the ocean.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

One fifth of the plastic that gets into the sea comes from ships and the rest from land, especially with the wind from landfills.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[3] More than 500 tonnes of plastic waste enters the world's seas per hour.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[4] Major marine litter operators include China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[1] These five countries come with 60% of the plastic trash in the oceans.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[1] The main culprits for marine plasticisation are landfills near seas and rivers, industry, wastewater and tourists, and inadequate waste management [1].


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Microplastic Microplastic is plastic broken into microscopically small pieces or already finished such, for example, in cosmetics.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Microplastic enters water bodies from multiple sources.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[5] It occurs when plastic waste decomposes.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Microplastic is also shed during use from items such as clothing and house paints.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[5] According to a study carried out in watersheds off Oslo, car traffic would be the single largest source of microplastics.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[5] Tyres grind plastic from surfaces and it ends up in waterways through rainwater pits.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[5] A sufficiently small microplastic can also pass, for example, drinking water purification.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[5] How small the plastic eventually breaks down over a longer period of time is open to research.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[5] Microplastic has also been found in inhaled air.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

There is no precise information yet on the health effects of this.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[6] Plastic waste problems Many plastic rubbish causes serious environmental harm when exposed to nature.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

An estimated one million seabirds and a hundred thousand marine mammals die from the impact of plastic waste.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[1] For example, loose drifting plastic fishing nets and other debris cause high rates of marine animal deaths.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastic rubbish is also blocking drains and thus causing flooding in Bangladesh, among other places.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[7] For these reasons, many countries have, for example, sought to restrict the use of plastic bags.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Microplastics bind environmental toxins.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[2] For example, when fish eat microplastics, some of the poison may migrate to their tissues.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[2] The Pacific Waste Vortex in the North Pacific was discovered at the end of the 1990s a vast concentration of waste piled up by ocean currents.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

It contains an estimated 100 million tonnes of waste, 90% of which is plastic.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastic has grinded into very small hits, and removing it from the area is considered almost impossible.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Similar waste vortices are found in all oceans, with major seas in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean southern and northern and southern in the Indian Ocean.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[8] [1] The UN has already had an agreement on maritime rights since 1982, one part of which is the problem of marine waste.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[1] Techniques are developed for removing mostly macroscopic plastic waste still floating on the surface.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

[1] Plastic recycling Plastic waste generated in industrial production is recycled a lot.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastic waste generated by consumers is difficult to recycle as raw material for new plastic because there are so many types of plastics that different grades of plastics should be sorted.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastic grade says the recycling mark.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Where applicable, plastic waste is also used as fuel, most organized in special incinerators.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Plastics can also be chemically recycled.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

In chemical recycling, plastics are broken down into basic chemical biscuits by heat or chemical treatment.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Processing generates monomers or other products that can be combined into polymers or used for other applications.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Chemical recycling is usually divided into thermolysis and solvolysis.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Thermolysis is also called thermochemical recycling.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Thermolysis is based on three main processes: pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrogenation.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Solvolysis uses solvents and more moderate temperatures than thermolysis.


Question: How does China recycle garbage?

Plastic waste

Sources Category:Waste Category:Pollution


Question: When was the Crimean War?

Crimean War

The Crimean War, or Oriental War [1], was fought between Russia and an alliance formed by the Ottoman Empire, Britain, France and Sardinia between 1853 and 1856.


Question: When was the Crimean War?

Crimean War

[2] The Crimean War was one of the greatest European wars of the colonial era.


Question: When was the Crimean War?

Crimean War

At the end of the war, Britain and its allies achieved the war objectives they had set, but as a whole, it is difficult to find a clear winner from the Crimean War.


Question: When was the Crimean War?

Crimean War

The war was run carelessly and was characterised by logistical problems as well as indifference to soldiers' conditions of service.


Question: When was the Crimean War?

Crimean War

The Crimean War was also the first major war in which political processes were influenced by the mass media, particularly in Britain.


Question: When was the Crimean War?

Crimean War

[3] This was made possible by the introduction of the telegraph, which enabled faster communication of information to newspapers and magazines than previously thought, as well as photographs taken from the war domain and drawings made.