Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

For companions who have been together for a long time, the death or relocation of another can be a tough experience and lead to changes in behavior recognizable as depression.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

It is important for a horse to interact regularly with other horses, and even mere sight and hearing contact with another horse is better than nothing.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

If the company of another horse cannot be arranged, the next best option for the horse is, for example, the company of a donkey or a mule.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Other social animals living in herds, such as cattle and sheep, are suitable for horse companionship — it is known that horses are even attached to dogs, stable cats and rabbits.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Also, abundant social interaction with a person can satisfy the horse's need for sociability.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

However, the best option is always another horse.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Character and temperament Horses often have clearly distinctive personalities.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The character and temperament of an equine individual varies not only by individual but also by breed and horse type.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Ponies descended from semi-wild stumps, for example, are often witty and quick to learn, and English thoroughbreds bred into fast gallop horses are, in turn, feisty and sensitive.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Hugely powerful cold-blood horses must already be calm and generous in nature to obey.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Mares are often considered somewhat capricious, which is largely influenced by the endocrine system associated with the estrus cycle.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The effect of the horny cycle on the behaviour, usefulness and well-being of the mare is sometimes so strong that it is considered best to sterilize the mare as a “rune mare”; compared to castration of a stallion, the procedure is large and rare, but sterilization makes life easier for the mare in extreme cases and processing considerably.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Stallions, on the other hand, tend to be brave and tenacious but require an experienced handler and careful training.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Runes are usually flat natured, especially if they are runed already as a foal or at most a few years of age.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

However, individuals runed at a later age may continue to habit stallion-like behaviour and, for example, fight with other horses and seek to enter mares in estrus.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

An aggressive horse is usually sore or mistreated, and the horse is rarely completely hostile.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

In human breeding activities at all, developing the nature of the horse easier to handle has been an important goal and hostile and vicarious specimens have been removed from breeding.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

On the other hand, exceptions have been made to this rule for particularly successful sport horses: a famous example of a ferocious but successful horse at racetracks and breeding is the crayfish stallion Nevele Pride, who left hundreds of offspring.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Communication Although horses have numerous clear-meaning vocalizations, their communication is largely voiceless.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The horse has a complex gesture system by which it communicates instinctively using, among other things, its tail, body position and position with respect to other horses, and head and ear positions.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The basics of equine gesture language are the same on all horses, and foals use gestures as soon as they give birth, though foals of mares who are high in the pack apparently learn from their maternal model to use the confident and dominant communication of a high-ranking equine individual.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

However, there are differences between individuals, and through learning, the gestural language of an individual horse may change greatly.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

For example, a horse that has been punished for lifting its legs (a cautionary gesture) might kick straight without warning when ricocheted.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Various horse gestures and postures may express things such as indifference, interest, frightening, aggression, playfulness, submission, agitation, contentment, and harmlessness (the taste gesture of foals).


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Combinations of different gestures and postures allow highly complex combinations of mental states to be expressed and interpreted.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

To a certain extent, the horse is capable of communicating with a person as well.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

So-called natural equestrian skills are utilized, for example, in training horses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Vocalisations The most famous of the horse's vocalizations are probably hirnums and slurs.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A scrum is usually an invitation or greeting to another horse and a buzzing friendly greeting.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Other common sounds include a sharp whiff or dugout (something interesting or surprising happens), a long heavy gust or sigh (satisfaction and relaxation), and whining (irritation, agitation).


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Loud squealing is often an aggressive, threatening objection, but stallions and mares squeal at each other even during pre-stepping courting.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Whining or screaming can also be part of play.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The quality and tone of vocalizations, and especially the deer nuns, varies from individual to individual and situation.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

On one horse, you can sound high and bright, rough and almost roar on the other.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A genuine roaring scream can be heard as horses, usually stallions, fight in earnest.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Reproduction Stallions enter puberty at an average age of 14 (10-24) months, although full sexual maturity acquires about 4 years of age [17].


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Mares become sexually mature at around 2.5 to 3.5 years of age.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[18] Mare fertility declines clearly after 12 years of age, In order to prevent damage, stallion foals are usually separated from mare foals and mares at all by about one and a half years of age or at the latest when they begin to behave orderly and show sexual interest signs for mares.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

It is also common for colts to rune at 1—2 years of age, so that they can continue outdoors with mares without problems.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

They may still have stallion-like features after the rune.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

As a rule, both stallions and mares are deliberately used for breeding no earlier than 3 years of age.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Horse is seasonal adjustments [19] The season typically begins at the turn of a hurling moon.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

An average season lasts 101 days for foal mares and 95 days for other mares.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The length of the estrus cycle averages 18-23, with individual variation considerable.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[17] [18] Normal gestation lasts from 320 to 365 days and on average it is approximately 335 days.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[20] Warning is a quick event.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The mare can be conceived either naturally by stepping or by artificial insemination.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Stepping can occur either when horses are free in pasture or under controlled and regulated conditions, for example in a horse breeder's breeding farm.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Stepping always comes with risks because horses can injure each other by kicking, for example.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Valuable breeding stallions can be protected from the kicks of a non-favoured mare, for example by attaching the mare to a special stepping stall or rack, or by using artificial insemination.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

There are also sexually transmitted diseases in horses, the spread of which is difficult to control in natural steppings.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

For these reasons, the use of artificial insemination has become widespread.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Artificial insemination also has the advantage that a stallion from a single sperm dose is usually sufficient for the semen of several mares.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Sperm is collected by jumping the oritta on top of a Santa built for this purpose.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

However, some stallions do not agree to step on the Santa, so they have to use what is known as a buck oak, which usually has their ovaries removed and is induced into a rut with a hormone preparation.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Use Horses have long played a very significant part in human culture: for example, horses appear in Lascaux cave paintings that are tens of thousands of years old.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

First, horses, most likely bred for food, became useful animals necessary for humans.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Horses have been breeding by man for at least thousands of years:.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The horse, according to contemporary knowledge, was domesticated by man in the period 4500−2500 BCE.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Eurasian steppes.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Around the year 1000 BC.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

by the domesticated horse had spread to the regions of Asia, Europe and North Africa.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[21] Equidae belonging to the native fauna from the continents of North and South America became extinct around 8000 BCE.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

By, and the horse arrived on these continents again only as a domesticated horse accompanied by European conquerors in the 16th century.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

There are hundreds of horse breeds and types today with breeding, and there are many different uses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Probably the oldest breed of horses preserved with similar similarity is the Arabian horse, which is known to have been bred for at least five thousand years.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Warm-blood crayfish are used for trotting, warm-blooded mounted breeds, namely Thoroughbred and Half-Bred horses, mainly in the various species of riding and harness driving, and heavy-made cold-blood breeds as workhorses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The Finnish horse, considered to be a common breed, is extremely versatile: one horse and the same horse can compete in both trotters and in the different sport of riding, and also do field or forest work.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Some horse breeds are now bred mainly for human eye pleasure as show animals as well as pets.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

As human nutrition, Horse's original use under human control may have been meat production.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Horses have also been milked since prehistoric times.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Today, the status of eating horse meat varies a lot from culture to culture.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

In some countries such as Britain, the horse has an established status as a human pet and working partner, and eating its meat is almost taboo.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Elsewhere, for example, horses unfit for breeding or injured are willingly slaughtered for sustenance, and horses and other equines may also be bred directly for slaughter.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

One million kilograms of horse meat are imported from abroad to Finland per year.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[22] In Finland, meat from horses killed due to poor competitive success or injury is processed for food, and horsemeat is hardly eaten as such, but is further processed, for example, into meetvurst.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Horse milk is today used as human nutrition in some Central Asian countries.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Rubber is made from it.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

As a steed and traction party, Horse has been of great importance in times past as a traction and load party and a steed.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Neckstrap and burgers are considered to be the oldest horse vehicles.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

After the invention of the wheel and saddle, major advances in horse gear included westerns and chest strap harnesses, as well as stirrups.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Before railways in the 19th century and later automobiles became common, horse vehicles, along with oxen, were practically the only land vehicles in much of the world, although locally, for example, donkey, mule and camel have also been used as traction and carrying feasts.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Along with wagons and carts, horse-drawn sleighs were also used in the northern areas during the winter.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

In addition, the horse also played a major role in agriculture as a labour party, but even from this work the tractor has largely supplanted it in industrially developed countries today.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

However, in many mainly Asian and African countries, the horse is still an important working animal and vehicle, especially in remote areas.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Horse in War Horse at various times has also been of great military importance.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Its domestication has been speculated to have made it possible for peoples speaking Indo-European languages at one time to spread from Ukraine to almost all parts of Europe.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[23] Likewise, it made it possible for the Hyksos to conquer Egypt at the beginning of the first intermediate period around 1700 BCE, for the Egyptians had no horses before that time.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[23] Partly for the same reason, much later the Spanish conquistadors were also able to easily defeat the Aztec and Inca kingdoms.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Cavalry was of key military importance until the 20th century, and it was not until World War I that lorries and tanks supplanted it as the main offensive weapon.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[23] The last small-scale cavalry attacks in modern warfare were seen in World War II.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Best remembered of these is the uneven encounter of Polish cavalry units with the German motorised war force of 1939.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The last cavalry division of the Finnish Defence Forces, Nurmo's eskadroona participated in the Winter War.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[24] However, the horse was still important in the army in transport duties.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

In the Finnish Winter War, for example, troop mobility and maintenance was mostly dependent on horses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Due to the small transporting ability of horses, they were needed in very large numbers.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A horse could pull a load weighing 300 to 400 kilograms for 30 to 35 kilometres per day.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[25] In the Winter War there were about 72,000 horses employed by the army; in the Continuation War there were about 62,000 horses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

More than 20,000 horses perished or disappeared in the wars.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Warhorses were like friends to soldiers, and their loss was heavy.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The monument to Finnish war horses is located in Seinäjoki and the monument to fallen war horses is located in Myllykoski.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[26] Horse Racing There are numerous equestrian sports, the most important of them worldwide being gallop races with light and fast thoroughbred horses, locally also other breeds.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The other main sports are trotting and pickling races on ridden horses, school, hurdle and field riding, and harness driving.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

In the Americas, various breed-specific competitions for specialty stepping and other types of steed pleasantries are popular.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The various species of Western riding are very popular in the United States, but they are also practiced elsewhere.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

In addition to these species, international competitions take place at least in travel riding and strolling, there are also horse polo and various species measuring the strength and skills of workhorses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Other species such as gymkhana in Great Britain and Central Europe, power and speed rides of ban'non-bred horses in Japan, and goat carcass control competition as teams in the kokpar game in Central Asia are also found as local specialties.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Horse as a hobby Riding and caring for horses is currently a popular pastime especially for girls, which in recent years has become heavily prevalent as a hobby for young and older women.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Boys and men who do horseback riding tend to be less interested in horse care and focus on developing as a rider, as well as competing, particularly in show jumping.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

There are about 150000 horse riding enthusiasts in Finland.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[27] Activities take place in riding schools as a rule, and along with riding, horses and ponies are cared for in the stables.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Teaching horses may each have their own volunteer carer or several carers who take care of cleaning their grooming horses and preparing for teaching classes, for example on certain days of the week.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Holding your own horse is not uncommon among riding enthusiasts.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

However, caring for a horse is responsible and takes plenty of time every day, and it becomes quite expensive to maintain a horse especially if you do not live in the countryside and are unable to keep your horse in your stable.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Horse hobby might also focus on racing.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The trotting world is more manly than riding, but even young girls might work as horse attendants and coaching assistants and also end up working on racehorses as caregivers, instructors or trainers.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Following the trotting competitions and the associated betting is also a popular pastime.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[28] Young horse enthusiasts often create horse-themed websites, participate in discussions on equine forums, and may also engage in virtual horse grooming.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

It is also quite common to photograph horses, as well as collecting horsetail tickets, for example.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Before Internet use became widespread, for example, family records of horses were collected.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Horse Quitting When an aging or sick horse is euthanized, it is taken to the vet to be euthanized or slaughtered.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[29] [30] [31] Appointments and colours of horses Appointments by gender The mare is a female horse.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The stallion is an unneutered male horse.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A gelding (also a whale) is a castrated or runed male horse.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The rune mare is a sterilized mare.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Pietturi is a cryptorchidal stallion.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The nature of the piettur can be difficult and castrating it is a larger measure than usual.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The foal is a mare colt or stud by gender.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

By age, Milk Foal lived as an unweaned foal, that is, a foal that sucks milk from his mother.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The colt is a horse under four years old.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Folk names for foals of weaning age include, for example, mullet colt (as in cattle “mulli”), as well as shaggy colt and buckthorn referring to colt's shaggy winter hair.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Sälkö is a par—three year old foal that is already being taught; the sleigh pull is a foal approaching juvenile age that has been taught to pull a sleigh (but not yet a cart).


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The young horse is a horse of 4—6 years old.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Renovation is a horse being trained as a steed.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

It is usually young (around 3—5 years old) but may be an older horse that is being retrained, for example, from a rotter to a steed.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Mainly due to equestrian regulations, the age year of the horse officially changes on 1 January (1 August in the Southern Hemisphere).


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

By type, Ponies are small in stature (height at the withers less than 148 cm) and “big horses” proportionally more short-legged and stocky horses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Cold-blooded are heavy and strong horse breeds used as workhorses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Warm-blooded are light, lively and fast horse breeds used in gallop and trotting competitions, as steeds and driving horses.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Half-breeds are warm-blooded horse breeds born from cold- and thoroughbreds.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Thoroughbreds are particularly long-breeded, light-bodied warm-blood breeds.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Miniature horses are very compact horses of the pony or horse type (height at the withers less than 90 cm, even less than 50 cm).


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Hunter is a type of horse developed for driving hunting, mainly for fox hunting, which may also be used as a barrier steed.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[32] Cob is a fairly compact robust type of horse intended mainly as good-natured general and hunting steeds.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[32] A hack is a type of horse intended to be an elegant and pleasant general steed.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[32] Polo pony is an agile and fairly compact type of horse developed specifically for the needs of horse polo.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[32] Mounted pony is a lightweight pony type specially developed as a racing horse for children.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

[32] According to usage, the Mounted Horse (Mounted Horse) is used for riding.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Esteratlla is competed in show jumping.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Field Mounted participates in field competitions.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

School steed is competed in dressage.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

West Riding is trained in Western Riding.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Travel Ratsu participates in travel riding competitions.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The hour horse (teaching horse) is used for instruction given at the riding school.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A driving horse (carriage horse) is used for harness driving to pull some type of horse vehicle.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The workhorse (drag horse) is used to pull heavy loads, for example, in agricultural and forestry work.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Ravur (racehorse) is raced at trots.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A galloping horse is ridden racing in gallop races.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The Monté horse is ridden racing in special montéravik races.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A polo pony is a steed (horse or pony) used in horse polo.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A bun horse or pony may be referred to mainly as a pet horse in light hobby use or merely as a “pasture ornament”.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Colours The original coloring of the horse must have been hallacko: for example, horses appearing in paintings from Lascaux Cave tens of thousands of years old are recognisable as hallacos.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Even today, the last truly wild horse species of przewalski horse is always gelding, and the tarpan extinct at the end of the 19th century was the mouse, or black-bottomed hallacko.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Developed by crossing different breeds, the “new tarpan” is almost always a mouse.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Domesticated horses appear in several dozen different colors.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The most common of them are the so-called basic colors, namely rautias, rune or black.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Each equine individual is genetically any of these three.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The base colour may be altered by one or more of the numerous alleles of the genes affecting the colour, for example, partially or completely fading (dilution dyes), remaining unformed in individual hairs (headaches, headscarps and mixed hairs), remains unformed by certain uniform areas (variegated, tiger-mottled) or become gray with the age of the horse, and eventually white throughout (kimos).


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The white horse is most often a kimo, which with age has had time to become completely white.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Already at birth, a white horse is white butter or very white-won mottled or tiger-mottled.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Albinos are not present in equidae at all; the gene that causes albino has not been found in equidae.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Albinistic but partially pigmented colourings include creamy-blond and blue-eyed white butter and champagne colourings.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

In full white, homozygotes frame overo variegated foals are also born, but these individuals die due to a deformed body within a couple of days of birth.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Not all horse colours have established Finnish denominations so far.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

This is especially true for colours that are rare in Finland (champagne colours, different forms of tiger literature), but also for different types of relatively ordinary (cow) literature, English terminology is used for the time being.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Signs Characters are called specific distinguishing marks of a horse individual, which are mainly white areas on the horse's head and legs.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Such signs include a star, muzzle spot, drawing and flap, as well as socks on the feet.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

However, there are also dark and other types of signs.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

From the area of white marks, the skin of the horse is always pink.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Smaller white marks are common and are not usually perceived as literature, although they may be caused by some literature gene.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

If whitish is present on the trunk, the horse is called variegated.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Species Crossings A horse can interbreed with other equines.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Such species crosses inherit characteristics of both species and are almost always sterile.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

The mule is a descendant of an Asiatic stallion and a horse mare.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

As good use animals, mules have long been very popular and sought-after and are still grown in abundance around the world The mule donkey is a descendant of the donkey trap and horse stallion.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

A sebroid is a cross between a horse and a zebra (sometimes also more accurately referred to as a zorse).


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

See also Horse evolution List of horse breeds Wild horse Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kidd, Jane| title = Horses of the World: breeds and breeding| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| id = ISBN 951-0-15117-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nieminen, Virpi (ed.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

) | title = Horse Handling and Behavior| publisher = Art House| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-884-374-0}} References Literature Manninen, Kirsti (ed.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

): Horsepower.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Maahenki Ltd., 2011.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

On topic elsewhere (pdf) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How do you tame a horse?

Horse

* Category:Milk Farming Animals Category:Meat Farming Animals Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The concept of Marxism-Leninism emerged in the Soviet Union of the late 1920s to mean the official ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) (NKP [b]), which was seen to be based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Through the Communist International (Cominter 1919—1943), Marxism-Leninism spread internationally and the meanings attached to it diversified.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxist-Leninists have seen their theory as an ideological justification for socialism and communism, among others.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The Communist parties, following the example of the NKP, have often claimed for themselves the only correct interpretation of these concepts.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In Marxism-Leninist countries, there is a Communist Party, which is the blocking cadre party of the bourgeoisie counter-revolution.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The party organizes itself in accordance with democratic centralism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In Western countries, the Communist Party and its organization have been referred to as a one-party system.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism seeks to achieve economic equality between people.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In Marxism-Leninism, state capitalism and a planned economy are implemented.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The state owns the capital and for individuals owning capital and real estate, as well as obtaining capital and rental income and speculating on asset values, has been made impossible.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Entrepreneurship is forbidden in Marxism-Leninism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Wage labor is valued in Marxism-Leninism and the only way to prosperity.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The administration is working to keep wage gaps small and achieve high employment rates.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In Marxism-Leninism, several things are justified by the transition in the future to communism, which is the goal of the Communist Party.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism invests in industrial, scientific and technological developments in order to make the transition to communism possible through economic growth.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism also invests in public health and education services.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Both men and women participate in working life and day care is provided for children to maximize production and productivity.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism thinks that what is good for the state is good for society as a whole.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The ideology includes an endorsement of equality between people and a penseful attitude towards believers.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The concept of Genesis The concept of Leninism was born in the Soviet Union of the 1920s V.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

During the infighting and subsequent death of I. Lenin (1870-1924) to mean the various interpretations that Lenin's successors at the head of the NKP put forth about the ideas that left open questions of their former leader.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

There was a perceived need for a coherent performance, though Lenin himself never sought to write anything like this.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

As early as 1924, several interpretations of Lenin by leading Bolsheviks appeared in written form.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

For example, Lev Trotski (1879-1940), Grigory Zinovyev (1883-1936), Lev Kamenev (1883-1936), Nikolai Buharin (1888-1938) and Josif Stalin (1878-1953) built their own, partly competing, Lenin.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The winner was eventually Stalin, who got rid of his opponents one by one.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The cause was named Marxism-Leninism, which became (almost) the cause and theory of the entire international communist movement.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

As Stalin gained control of more and more power within the NKP, the content of Marxism-Leninism became largely Stalin's version of Marxism and Leninism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The main starting points of the doctrine were first formulated systematically by Stalin as early as 1924 in his book The Basics of Leninism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Usage After the genesis of the concept of Marxism-Leninism, it began to be used all the time in new meanings and it is not possible to present any “correct” interpretation.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Soviet politics renewed and competing Marxism-Leninisms began to emerge internationally.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

When the Soviet Union was no longer the only state administered by Marxist-Leninists, the concept began to extend to the varying practices of several states that had defined themselves as socialist.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

It is problematic to call Stalinism synonymous with Marxism-Leninism, because Stalinism refers not only to ideology, but also to an oppressive system of government implemented in the name of labour power, the dictatorship of the proletariat.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

On the other hand, especially under Stalin, there were Marxist-Leninists who proudly declared themselves Stalinists.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

After Stalinism fell into disrepute, many communists wanted to get rid of the Marxism-Leninism attached to it as well.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

For example, there has been talk of Marxism and Leninism alone.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The theory Marxist-Leninist theory is naturally based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

However, Lenin reformulated the conceptions of Marx and the Marxists of his time in some respects, admittedly always claiming only to defend the principles of his doctrinal fathers.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Lenin's followers, in turn, saw a unified doctrine formed from the writings of Marx, Engels, and Lenin, whose principles were possible to consistently defend.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism, following the Marxist tradition, was considered the only scientific worldview.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Lenin's special merit was the development of Marxism to a new degree, suitable for the era of imperialism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In the context of Marxism-Leninism, as with other ideologies, one cannot speak of a coherent whole, but of a concept that is changing all the time.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxist-Leninists themselves speak of a creative application of a theory that, though, has had its limits.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Furthermore, it should be noted that Marxist-Leninist discourse makes no distinction between politics and ideology.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

One can still distinguish some characteristics that are uniform for the vast majority of Marxist-Leninists: Communism Communism, or classless society, is the goal of the Marxist-Leninists and, in accordance with the Marxist concept of history, the whole direction of social development.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Ultimately, any Marxist-Leninist policy must be justified by the goal of communism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

A communist society is a future order for Marxist-Leninists, which no Marxist-Leninist-dominated state has been considered to have achieved.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The Soviet Union, on the other hand, interpreted as early as the 1930s as having achieved socialism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The transition to communism requires dictatorship of the proletariat and guidance from the orthodox Marxist-Leninist party.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Perceptions vary as to the ways in which the transition to communism and socialism should take place.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Some have stressed the importance of armed revolution as others settle for more peaceful means.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Party Central to Marxism-Leninism is Leninist party theory, or democratic centralism, in which the Communist Party is understood as the vanguard leading towards its historical goal of the working class.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The Marxist-Leninist Party is an indispensable condition for a successful revolution, which adherents have considered true, especially the experience of the Russians (October Revolution 1917).


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Bound to a certain time and place, the Bolshevik experience was generalized, with certain reservations, to suit others and communist parties were established around the world on the model proposed by the Comintern.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The party model presented by the NKP to other parties was a strictly centralised and disciplined cadre organisation.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In the Soviet Union of the 1930s, the creation of a new type of party began to be emphasized by Lenin, as a manifestation of which the NKP (b) was seen.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

After World War II and the death of Stalin raised Lenin What is to be done? book to the centre of party theory, although Lenin himself did not mention his work after 1907 and had spoken of a new type of party only to accuse his critics of such.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The State When it became apparent that the socialist revolution was not about to win anywhere but Russia, the Soviet Union began to build socialism in one country, which, for example, was strongly criticized by the Trotskyites.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Stalin developed the theory in the fall of 1924 and soon the concept began to mean independence of the fate of the Soviet Union from the World Revolution.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Building socialism and communism became primarily a state-bound project.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Socializing meant statehood and planning centralized 5-year plans.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

For example, the Soviet Union was consecrated to communists of other countries, although national specifics were always emphasized.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Following the NKP line was made quite successfully the only demonstration of true communism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

During World War II, Russian nationalism known as Soviet patriotism merged with Stalin's policies and Cold War-era Marxism-Leninism was marked by a commitment to the state interests of the Soviet Union and other socialist countries.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Trotskyists labeled the Soviet Union as a state-capitalist or degenerate labour state.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

With China and Albania criticizing the Soviet Union, they presented themselves as heirs to the original Soviet Union.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Leninite anti-imperialism has also often been reduced to pursuing governmental interests.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The eradication of the state is one of the central objectives of Marxist-Leninist doctrine, as the state is, according to Marxist theory, a particular instrument of class domination born out of inequality.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Admittedly, the state will die out only after the destruction of social classes by changing the basic structure of the state so that it is no longer possible for classes to emerge.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The transfer of the means of production into joint ownership is at the heart of this process, which is then thought to be reflected in the so-called superstructure.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Imperialism Karl Marx did not develop a theory of imperialism, despite speaking of colonialism as part of the history of capitalism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The Marxist-Leninists have considered Lenin's most important addition to Marxism precisely the theory of imperialism, which has also been appreciated by many non-Leninist Marxists.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Lenin spoke of imperialism especially as the highest stage of monopoly capitalism that emerged in the early 20th century.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The theory places emphasis on economic dependencies, the deprivation exerted by one region or group over another.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Lenin saw capitalists in developed countries buying the workers of their own countries quiet with moderate reforms capable of implementing the great profits they deprived of the poor.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The overthrow of imperialism in developing countries became a very important part of the revolutionary struggle in developed countries, even a necessary condition for it.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxist-Leninists have always considered Lenin's analysis of imperialism topical and for many anti-imperialism has been at the centre of the cause.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In this case, there is an alliance primarily with all forces considered anti-imperialist.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Interpretations of these have also led to alliances with Marxist-Leninist adherents to other ends.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Personification Since birth is Marxism-Leninism (already since the name itself) has been strongly personified.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The personification has been promoted by both the communists themselves and by the opponents, although according to the Marxist-Leninist conception of history, persons have only a relative role in events and leaders as if rising to their position thanks to the revolutionary situation.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The interests of the NKP (b) in the 1920s and 1930s were to make the party a self-entitled continuation of Lenin's work, and on that sideline the only true interpreter of Marx.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Among other things, the Lenin cult was emphasized by embalming a dead leader.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

At the same time, Stalin began to be presented in propaganda as Lenin's heir.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Stalin was made a leader whose worship acquired traits reminiscent of religious ritualism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Stalin was by no means the last target of Marxist-Leninist “adoration.”


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Similar charismatic cases such as Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro, Kim Il-Sung, Ho Chi Minh, Enver Hoxha or Abimael Guzmán rose in many countries.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Interpretations Soviet Marxism-Leninism remained the official ideology of the NKP right up until the abolition of the Soviet Union (1991).


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The party's acts were justified by invoking texts by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Convincing the reader of the Marxist-Leninism of the text formed a central part of the communist texts and this was done, among other things, by quoting those who were certainly known as Marxist-Leninists.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism, in rhetoric, had enabled the gains achieved and had to remain absolutely faithful to it.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

NKP's decisions were seen to be evidence of an accurate application of the mathematical application of this science.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The correct outcome was not seen to be interpreter-dependent but “objectively true”.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Interpreted in this sense, the history of Marxism-Leninism therefore follows the state history of the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Stalin Stalin developed a theory of socialism in one country in the fall of 1924 and soon the concept began to mean independence of the fate of the Soviet Union from the World Revolution.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The role of the state began to become increasingly pronounced in the late 1920s and the 1936 Constitution declared socialism attained, leaving this issue out of the order of day.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Stalin saw communism as a distant goal, although before his death thought in development I would clearly move forward, to a new phase.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Stalin generally thought development would proceed through many different stages.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In this sense, Stalin's interpretation differs sharply from Marx and Engels's interpretation that the state begins to die and must begin to die out while state power is transferred to the working class.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Stalin's Marxism also nearly forgot the concepts of alienation and denial of denial central to Marx.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The administrative arrangements of the Stalin period had a profound influence on the shaping of the organizational practices of Marxism-Leninism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

It was due to the unbefore-seen rapid social change under Stalin.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In the 25th year (despite the enormous human and material losses of World War II), the military, arts, science and economic superpower, the Soviet Union, was formed from the underdeveloped agra states.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Under Stalin, the use of the concept of Marxism-Leninism gradually expanded to describe almost all activities that were seen to be influenced by the Communist Party and the same development continued in the Soviet Union into later years.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Khrushchev 1956 with Stalin criticism, Nikita Khrushchev severed the intellectual spine of the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The consequence was society-wide credibility and production problems and indefensible promises.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The hypocritical emphasis on Marxism-Leninism, the peaceful coexistence between socialist and capitalist countries created the ground for the dissolution of the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The idea of the Soviet Union as a state of the whole people developed, although in the texts of Marx, Engels and Lenin, for example, a state without classes was an impossible idea.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In 1958-1959, new foundational works on Marxism-Leninism were published, with Otto Wille Kuusinen as the main architect.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

A theory of state monopolistic capitalism was born.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The new party program, adopted in 1961, became known for the unsubstantiated claim of a transition to communism in the Soviet Union by 1981.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Brezhnev Leonid Brezhnev's Soviet Union was as certain of the country's Marxist-Leninist orthodoxy as had previously been in the times of Stalin and Khrushchevink.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The victories fought by the Communists, great achievements and a fine history proved all criticism to be futile.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The NKP handed out verdicts of heresy to those who dared to doubt the level of Lenin's party analysis.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

For Mao Tse Tung's China, understanding was not bestowed by Soviet comrades, as Maoism was seen as an Adventurist left-wing anomaly.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

However, there was also concern, especially from right-wing visionists in Western Europe, who were also referred to as Eurocommunists.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Every few years, international negotiating meetings of the Communist and Workers' parties were convened, where representatives of the International Communist Movement loyal to the Soviet Union were denied their activities.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Under Brezhnev, references to achieving communism in the near future were dropped.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

From the early 1970s, talk began to be made of the then stage as advanced socialism, the foundations of which had been laid in the 1930s and secured by the end of the 1950s.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Developed socialism was a separate intermediate stage with its own laws and features.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Konstantinov's official Soviet definition of Marxism-Leninism dates from 1975: Marxism-Leninism is an integral and coherent doctrine that includes three basic components: philosophy, national economics, and scientific theory of communism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

These basic parts are internally, inseparably connected to each other.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The philosophy of Marxism-Leninism - dialectical and historical materialism - is the general theoretical basis of the entire Marxist-Leninist doctrine.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

[...] The philosophy of Marxism-Leninism is the result and the highest degree of development of philosophical thought in the world.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

It includes all the best and most progressive that mankind has created during the many centuries of development of philosophy.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev criticized the excerpts of his predecessors and spoke of stagnation, stagnation that had to be bypassed.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

For this, reforms and reform policies (perestroika), as well as transparency (glasnost) were needed.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Gorbachev's attempt to reform Marxism-Leninism led to the abolition of the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

It can be judged that the official class analysis of the Soviet Union in their own country was flawed in light of the original Marx definition of social classes.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The Comintern opposition to the direction taken by the Communist International, founded in 1919, rose up in the 1920s to opposition from Lev Trotski and Amadeo Bordiga, among others, who felt they represented true Leninism as the opposite of Stalin's traitorousness.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Lenin himself, of course, had never called himself a Leninist, but felt that he was an interpreter of Marx's ideas.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In an effort to avoid associations with the Marxism-Leninism they called Stalinism, Trotskyists called themselves Bolshevik-Leninists.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

1938 Trotsky and his supporters founded the 4th International, which later split into numerous trends.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Few Trotskyites have ever called themselves Marxist-Leninist.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Anti-Revisionists After Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet Union fell into the throes of upheaval and after a couple of years of infighting, Khrushchev “publicized” numerous wrongs committed under Stalin.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

NKP's line began to be changed, but the concept of Marxism-Leninism was not abandoned.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

At the end of the 1950s, opposition emerged to the direction of the Soviet Union, including the ruling Marxist-Leninist parties in China (CCP) and Albania (ATP), who felt that power in the NKP had been gained by revisionists.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In the 1960s, Chinese leader Mao Zedong emerged as a figurehead for the international anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist movement.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Rival Maoist communist parties were established in numerous countries, often declaring their commitment to Marxism-Leninism already in their names.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The Maoists praised Stalin, even if they didn't quite agree on everything.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Mao began to be seen by his theoretical achievements as having elevated Marxism to yet another stage, Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong's thinking.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In the 1980s, some of the Maoists themselves began to call themselves Maoists, and talk of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism began.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

For example, perhaps the most influential Maoist party of the moment is the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

After Mao's death (1976), Albania led by Enver Hoxha found itself on a collision course with the new leadership of its closest ally, China, and felt that it was now the only representative of true Marxism-Leninism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The anti-revisionist parties split into Maoists and Hoxhans.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Eurocommunism Especially after the time of Stalin, the Western European communist parties began to include demands for a more independent position in relation to the NKP.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In the 1970s, this critical trend, which had influenced the parties of Italy (CBI), France (RKP), Spain (ECB) and Finland (SKP), among others, began to be called Eurocommunism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Thus, the superiority seen as automatic by the Soviet Communist leadership received a serious challenge.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Few, however, identify themselves as Eurocommunist, as the concept was often accompanied by a rather negative tone due to the judgmental attitude of the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Guerrilla movements in the 1960s and 1970s Marxism-Leninism felt represented by numerous liberation and guerrilla movements of the so-called Third World, but also of the West.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Some of these were also able to implement their visions, allowing Marxism-Leninism to mean very different practices.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Neo-Left from the 1960s neo-left circle emerged in many countries towards the end of the decade as youth movements embracing Marxist-Leninist ideology.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Maoism was popular, but armed Marxist-Leninist factions also emerged in the Western world, most famously the Red Brigades in Italy and the Red Army Corps in Germany.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism in Finland The Communist Party of Finland (SKP) was one of the communist (3rd)


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

of the founding parties of the International (Comintern) and the main flag bearer of Marxism-Leninism in Finland from the 1920s to the 1980s.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In international affairs, up until the 1960s, the SKP followed the line of the NKP quite closely, but with the reform of the party leadership in the middle of the decade, a slightly more independent stance was taken.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The reforms rose to be criticized by the party opposition, which received fuel, not least from the Warsaw Pact's 1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia, which the SKP condemned.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The opposition defended the measures taken under the leadership of the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The SKP party strife continued well into the 1980s and rival Marxism-Leninisms existed among party members.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In the 1970s, orthodox Marxism-Leninism felt represented in Finland, in addition to the majority led by the SKP's Aarne Saarinen, the aforementioned opposition (see.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Taisists), as well as Maoists whose organisation also called Marxist-Leninist groups (MLR).


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

In addition, there were different views within the above groups.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism also gained a foothold in the SDP in the 1970s.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The old SKP omitted mentions of Marxism-Leninism in its 21st Assembly in 1987 and the Left Alliance, founded on the ruins of it and the SKDL in 1990, does not even speak of socialism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Today, a minority of Finnish communists also call themselves Marxist-Leninist.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The predecessor of the current SKP led by Juha-Pekka Vääänen, SKPy abandoned the use of the concept when the Soviet Union fell and relies solely on the development of Marxism and Leninism.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Founded in 1988 for Peace and Socialism - Communist Workers' Party (KTP) is the only registered Marxist-Leninist party.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

The League of Communists, founded by those expelled from the KTP in 2002, though, acts like a party and feels that it is even more Marxist-Leninist.


Question: What is the main goal of Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism

Finnish Marxist-Leninist organisations: Communist Party of Finland (1918-1990) Marxist-Leninist groups (1973-1979) Communist Party of Finland (Unity) (1986-1994) For peace and socialism - Communist Workers' Party (1988-) League of Communists (2002-) Marxist-Leninist Society for Social Science (2005-2008) Category:Communism Category:Political ideology Category:Marxism Category:Vladimir Lenin Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

A treema (¨) is a diacritic sign, or tarke, two points marked above a letter.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Most often, the treema is used over a vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The meaning of the treema depends on the language.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

It may be labelled dieresis (hiatus), umlaut, or may have other meaning.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Finnish, treema is used in the letters Ä and Ö.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

When the letter below the treema is lowercase i or j, the treema replaces the point otherwise present on these letters.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[1] Uses and meanings Treema is used in a number of different meanings.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Dieresis.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In some Western and Southern European languages, among them French, the treema indicates that two consecutive vowels do not belong to the same syllable.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In this case, they do not form a diphthong, nor do they form a combination of letters, that is, a digraph, of a kind often pronounced quite unlike the letters in question as distinct.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[2] Umlaut.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Points on top of a vowel indicate a front vowel as a distinction from the corresponding back vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

This is the case in German and its influence in several other mainly Central and Northern European languages, including Finnish (Ä and Ö).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In a few languages, treema still has other meanings.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, in Albanian and filipino, ë denotes the šva vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Historically, dieresis and umlaut have quite different origins.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Dieresis is clearly older than these.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

However, when they are exactly the same appearance, in modern computer technology they are usually considered the same character, and so, for example, the Unicode character U+00E4 denotes the letter A with both umlaut and dierees (i.e., Ä).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In some languages such as Finnish and Swedish, Ä and Ö are added to the end of the alphabet and are treated as different letters.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In contrast, in German, the letters Ä, Ö and Ü with umlaut are understood to be alphabetically equivalent to A, O and U. The designation treema () is in old use, especially in French grammar and in the study of classical languages.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

It derives from the Greek word τρμα (trema), which signifies “hole” or “point”, as well as also “eye”, for example in a raffle cube.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[3] [4] Thus, it refers only to the shape of the sign, not its meaning.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Most commonly, however, the designation is used in cases where it serves as a diere example.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[3] The designation dieresis () derives from the Greek word διαίρεσις (diaíresis), signifying “division”, “separation”, or “difference”.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[5] The designation umlaut is a German linguistic name for the phenomenon that in German the back vowel is often replaced by the corresponding front vowel when forming the plural of a word.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

When these front vowels are marked in writing with two dots over a vowel sign, the same term has come to mean this exact sign as well.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Diereesis History in Greek Two points called treema were used in polytonic orthography developed in the Hellenistic period only on the iota and ypsilon.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The treema marked dieresis, that is, that the letter in these cases did not belong to the same syllable with the preceding vowel, that is, formed a diphthong, but alone formed its own syllable, as in words and.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The treema was also used at the beginning of a word, for example in words, and, to distinguish these from the end vowel of the previous word.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

This was considered necessary because at that time the writing was still of the scriptio continua type, that is, words were not separated by leaving an empty space between them.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[6] [7] In languages using the Latin alphabet, Diereese has been adopted from Greek into many Western and European languages written with the Latin alphabet.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

It is used in Occitan, Catalan, French, Dutch and Finnish, as well as some English.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Greek, the accented vowel does not assimilate with the preceding vowel but forms its own syllable.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Such vowels were marked with accent marks such as acute, a practice also adopted in Spanish and Portuguese, among others.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, the Portuguese word saia (['saj], “blouse”) differs from the verb form saía ([sa'i.], “I left”) in that the diphthong /ai/ appears in the former, in the latter instead hiatus (dieresis), that is, two vowels belonging to different syllables.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Current use as a mark of Hiatus in the monotone orthography used in Modern Greece, the treema is, along with acute, the only precision.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

It is used to indicate that the vowels of a diphthong are pronounced distinct.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

This is necessary because in Modern Greek several diphthongs are pronounced as a single vowel sound (itasism).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, the word παδάκια (païdákia, “mutton chops”) is pronounced [pai'ðakia], while the word παιδάκια (paidákia, “toddlers”) is pronounced [pe'ðakia].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

As in Ancient Greek, treema occurs only with iota and ypsilon.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The treema can either be the only vowel-related precision, for example in the word ακαδημακός (akadimaïkós, “academic”), or it may occur together with acute as in the word πρωτενη (proteni, “protein”).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Catalan, the letter combinations ai, no, oi, au, eu and iu are usually read as diphthongs.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Occasionally, however, the same vowels can also occur sequentially as belonging to different syllables, i.e. there is a hiatus between them.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In this case, a treema, or dieresis, is marked over the latter vowel, indicating that, for example, the words raïm (“grape”) and diürn (“day-lasting”) should be read as [rə'im] and [di'urn] (rather than * ['rajm] and * ['diwrn]).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Occitan, dieresis is used as much as in Catalan: ai, ei, oi, au, eu and ou are diphthongs belonging to one syllable, while aï, eï, oï, aü, eü and oü are divided into two syllables.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Welsh, dieresis is used predominantly over an emphatic vowel, and is most often the first of two consecutive vowels.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

A typical example is the word copïo ([kə .ˈpi.], “to copy”, “to reproduce”), where vowels belong to different syllables, as opposed to in the word mopio ([ˈmə .pj], “to erase”).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

It also occasionally occurs from three consecutive vowels over the first, which it then distinguishes from the diphthong formed by the latter two, for example in the word crëwud, which is pronounced [ˈkreː.id] (w is understood as a vowel in Welsh).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Dutch, the treema is necessary in words such as, for example, coëfficiënt, because the digraphs oe and ie as such are usually read as simple vowels (the former [u], the latter [i].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

However, the hyphen is now preferred to use instead of treema, and thus, for example, zee-eend (“sea duck”) and no longer zeeëend”.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[8] In Germany, dieresis occurs in a few isoles such as Ferdinand Piëch and Bernhard Hoëcker.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

As a not-mute vowel marker, the use of Treema expanded in a few languages to the point that it began to be used in general to indicate that the vowel must be pronounced separately.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

This also applied to vowels that would otherwise form digraphs with consonants, or which would otherwise not be pronounced at all.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Spanish, Catalan, French, Galician and Occitan, the letter combinations gu and qu are pronounced above e and i only as one consonant, [g] and [k], and so is the case of qu in French ahead of other vowels.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In exceptional cases, however, when u is pronounced, a treema is marked above it or (in French) the vowel that follows it.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Before the Portuguese spelling was revised in 1990, treema was used, especially in Brazil, in the same way in words such as sangüíneo (s? ~'gwiniu (“sangvinic”), but in the 1990 reform it was removed from the Portuguese language altogether.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Examples: in Spain: pingüino piŋ'gwino “penguin” in Catalan: aigües 'ajwəs “waters”, qüestió kwəsti'o “subject”, “question” in Occitan: lingüista liŋ'gwist?


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

“linguistic”, aqüatic a'kwatik “aquatic” in France: aiguë or aigüe egy “sharp” (feminine form); here e is not pronounced, and without treema both u and e would be unpronounceable, or “mute” in Galicia: mingüei miŋ'gwei “(I) withdrew” Luxembourg in: chance 'Ãːs “chance “, chancë ('ːãːsə, above the consonant, 'possibilities') in England: Brontë '.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The practice has also been adopted into the Gandan language, where ny is the sign of one phoneme (, the same as Spanish ñ), but the combination nis read j.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

This distinguishes between the words anya aand anÿa (aja.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In French France, some diphthongs written in their old form with two vowel letters and were once pronounced so are now pronounced as simple vowels.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, the digraph ai is currently pronounced [e].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

However, in France, there are also words in which the vowel sounds a and i occur immediately sequentially but belong to different syllables.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Such are the words maïs [ma.is], “corn”) and naïf ([na.iv], “naive”).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In such cases, a treema is marked over the latter vowel to indicate that the letter combination aï is not to be read like the digraph ai.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Similarly, the treema also appears on top of e, for example, in the word Noël ([nə .ə], “Christmas”), so that the combination oe can be distinguished as clearly as possible from the ligature, which is pronounced or ø.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Sometimes the treema also appears on top of u or y, for example in the biblical male name Ésaü (esa.y], Esau), as well as in the Paris suburb name L'Haÿ-les-Roses [la.i le oz].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The treema is also used on top of the unvoiced e behind the group gu to indicate that this is pronounced as [gy] rather than just g as otherwise in the groups gue and gui.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, the adjective aigu ([egy], “sharp”) is aiguë ([egy] in its feminine form; this word is therefore pronounced similarly in both its masculine and feminine forms.)


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Similarly, the word ciguë [sigy], “poison hemlock”) is pronounced [sigy].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Since 1990, a spelling reform has been pending in which the treema in such cases is going to be moved over the u (aigüe, cigüe), but the old spelling is still in common use.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

However, the reform would not affect, for example, the word canoë [kanhei], “canoe), because it is pronounced e.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In a few names, the treema indicates at which points the hiatus between two vowels has once existed, though today the latter vowel is no longer voiced.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Such names include Saint-Saëns [sə sɑs] and de Staël [də stal].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In English, Treema, or dieresis, is the only precise, which is sometimes found in English words, as well as acute, sedilji and tilde.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

However, both treema and gravista are now often considered to be old and are falling out of use.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[9] [10] The treema occurs in English in some first and last names as a sign that two consecutive vowels must be pronounced separate from each other, not as diphthongs, and that both are pronounced.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, the names Chloë and Zoë, where e without treema could be left completely unpronounceable.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Also in the surname Brontë ('), the treema indicates that the end-e is to be pronounced.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[11] Some words may alternatively be written either with or without treema, for example naïve (naïve”) as well as the names Boötes or Bootes and Noël and Noel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In words where oo is pronounced as two distinct vowels, the treema may also be used over the latter o, for example in the word coöperate (“act together”, “contribute”), where, among others, The New Yorker still uses it.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[12] [13] The letter is sometimes used in English text as the equivalent of Greek ypsilon in Greek names when it forms a hiatus with a (alpha).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, the Persian name Artayktes mentioned by Herodotus (often spelled Artaÿctes in English, and the name of Mount Taygetos in the Peloponnese () coincides with Mount Taÿgetus.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Umlaut Umlaut is a phenomenon typical of the German language in which back vowels change in certain forms of inflection of words to corresponding front vowels.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

It occurs in some verb forms and derivations, and especially in the plural forms of nouns.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In this case, the vowels /a/, /o/ and /u/ are replaced by the vowels /e/, /ø/ and /y/, which in German today are denoted by the letters ä, ö and ü.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In these, the letters a, o and u are added exactly like the diere example.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Germany and its influence in some other languages, this exact is also referred to as umlaut.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

History In German pronunciation, the umlaut appeared as early as Ancient High German and continued to develop in the Middle High German period.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Alu perin combinations ae and oe, which also appeared in Latin, were used as a marker for the ä- and ö phonemes.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Later it became customary to write these letters together: Æ and, the former of which is still in use in Danish and Norwegian, or e could be written above a in miniature.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Gradually, this e simplified in shape into some sort of tilde-like line (~), of the kind still used in Finnish cursive instead of dots, or eventually two dots.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[14] However, the original way of writing is still preserved in some names such as Goethe, Goebbels and Staedtler.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Where Gothic letter types were used in late medieval German manuscripts and later printed, the letter above the letter <e> was still clearly identifiable as an e, but was occasionally replaced in manuscripts as early as the late medieval period by two with a point.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

At the beginning of the New Age, styles of cursive writing developed in Germany, of which Sütterlin is the late and most famous.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In them, <e>the letter of was formed by two close to each other vertical lines, and above the second letter marked as accurate <e>looked like two small lines.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In accordance with this practice in hand-written text, even in printed text in the late 16th century, it became customary to mark the umlaut with two dots above the vowel to which it relates.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In handwritten texts today, the umlaut mark varies in shape and may resemble, for example, a tilde, a quotation mark, a dash mark, or a miniature letter “u”.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Unusual designs are also sometimes used in graphic design to fit a character into a narrow space or for other stylistic reasons.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[15] The character may be reversed vertically or placed inside the letter.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[16] [17] [18] Practices in Germany If umlaut letters are not available, it is now common in German text to replace the umlaut sign with the letter e marked after the vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[19] Thus, for example, Schröder is written Schroeder.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Since ö is pronounced quite unlike o, simply omitting the umlaut character entirely is unacceptable.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Sometimes only umlaut distinguishes between different words like schon (“jo”) and schön (“beautiful”) or inflection forms like Mutter (“mother”) and Mütter (“mothers”).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

However, unlike in Finnish and Swedish, letters with umlaut are not considered different letters in German alphabetically.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

When alphabetizing German words that only the umlaut distinguishes, the umlaut is usually placed as the latter in the following way: Schon Schön Schonen Sometimes, however, especially when alphabetizing names, the way that ä, ö and ü are considered equal to the combinations ae, ie and oe: Schön Schon Schonen in Austria telephone directories ö comes after the combination oz: Schon Schonen Schön in Switzerland the umlaut letters Ä, Ö and Ü when appearing in capital letters are still occasionally replaced by the digraphs Ae, Oe and Ue.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The custom has come into use because on Swiss typewriters, French accent characters are typed with the same key as the umlaut, in which case only the shift key must be used in addition to it.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

However, umlaut letters used as capital letters can be achieved by first pressing the key (“) in the quotation mark, then the return key, and then keying the letter over which the umlaut character is desired.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Ä, Ö and Ü in other languages from Germany the letters Ä, Ö and Ü, or at least some of them, are borrowed from several other languages, including Azeri, Karelian, Swedish, Sami, Slovak, Finnish, Turkish, Hungarian and Estonian.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Of these, all three are found in Estonia: Ä, Ö and Ü, in Finnish and Swedish instead only Ä and Ö, in Hungarian only Ü and Ö [20], in Slovakia and in Inari and Skoltan Sami only Ä.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[21] [22] Since long vowels in Hungarian are marked with acute, a precise has also arisen into the language which looks like two acute and denotes a long front vowel thus corresponding to both acute and umlaut in meaning.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Thus ö denotes a short and ő long vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[20] In the languages in which these precise letters are used, they mean phonemes similar to those in German.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Scandinavian languages, a sound adaptation similar to the German umlaut phenomenon, omljud, also appears in the plural forms of many words.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Finland, there is no such body vowel variation, but either a or ä or o or ö occurs in the same inflection ending according to the rules of vowel chord. In Estonian and Sami languages ä and ö denote the same phonemes as in Finnish ([æ] and [ø].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Sweden, ä can also be a sign of a long e phonogram.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Slovakia, it is now usually pronounced [], sometimes still sufferingly [æ]; the sign on top of it is referred to as dve bodky (“two dots”) and the letter 'ä' is hence referred to as a s dvomi bodkami ('two-point a').


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

As in German, in Hungarian ü and ö are sometimes replaced, especially in telex and telex, by the combinations ue and oe.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The same combinations can also replace the ő and letters resembling them.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Luxembourgish language (Lëtzebuergesch), the letters ä and ë with treema denote an emphatic šva-like vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Since the mark therefore also indicates weight, it cannot be used with the head of u; instead of ü, the combination ue is used in the language.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

With the transition from Arabic to Latin in 1928 in Turkish, many precise letters appeared in different languages were also introduced, among them ü and ö. [23] In Turkey these are pronounced the same as in German.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

When this exact borrowed from German in other languages is not related to the umlaut change typical of German, they have come to be different letters and cannot be replaced by the combinations ae, oe and ue.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Finnish and Estonian, for example, the latter are pronounced quite differently.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In some Germanic languages such as Swedish, they are conceptualized as different letters, although in Swedish there is a sound phenomenon similar to German umlaut, omljud (for example, man/än, “man” /"men” and fot/fötter, “foot” /"feet”).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, in Finnish, Swedish and Estonian, these letters with treema have been added to the end of the alphabetical order, which is why even the same names are alphabetized in these languages as opposed to German.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For technical reasons, in some contexts, for example in the machine-readable part of the Swedish passport, the letters ä and ö are replaced by the combinations ae and oe (and the letter å with a combination of aa).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In the Danish and Norwegian languages, the letters Æ and Ø are used instead of Äs and Ö. In Volapük, front vowels were initially marked by fracture versions of the letters a, o, and u, but later they were replaced by the same treema vowels used in German as well.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Vowels with treema, especially ü, are also used when transliterating some languages that are not written with Latin letters.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, the Mandarin Chinese word (“female”) is transliterated in the Pinyin system as n, although sometimes for convenience it may also be written nv, as v is not otherwise used in pinyin.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Tibetan pinyin transliteration, the vowels ä, ö and ü have roughly the same sound values as in German.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Treema has been introduced as a marker for front vowels also in a few languages written with Cyrillic letters, such as Mari and Khanty.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In these languages, and are pronounced roughly the same as similar-looking letters in Finnish and as in Finnish y. In a few other minority languages spoken in Russia, the letters, and are also found.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Other uses In some languages, two dots on top of a letter are used as an accurate one, although the question is no more about dieresis or umlaut.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, it denotes the middle vowels in some cases, which usage is closer to umlaut than to dieresis.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In some languages, a treema may also indicate a long vowel, nasalization, pitch, or other vocal character.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In the context of vowels in Aimara language, a treema in the letters ä, ï and ü' is the sign of a long vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Albanian and Kasubi languages, ë denotes the šva vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In the Soule dialect of the Basque language, ü denotes a vowel similar to Finnish y.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Handwritten and sometimes printed texts in Dutch may appear with a letter that looks like a letter, but this is not an additional 'Y' but the form of the letter 'IJ' in Dutch as a ligature.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Komi language, appears as a sign of the [ə] vowel.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Since such a letter does not occur in other languages written in the Cyrillic alphabet, it may cause technical difficulties, although it does have its own code value in Unicode.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In the official spelling of the Liguuri language, ö denotes the long vowel [o:] In the Māori language, treema (for example in the word Mäori) used to be often used as a sign of a long vowel in computer-written text instead of macron, since treema was available in many systems, macron, on the other hand, does not.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

[24] [25] In Pahawh Hmong, treema is one of the signs of toons.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Seneca, ë and ö are nasal vowels, contrary to which ä is pronounced [] as well as in German.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In the Vurës language spoken in Vanuatu, ë is read as [] and ö [ø].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The treema was also originally used in connection with Cyrillic letters when writing ancient church lava.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Even today, Russian and Belarusian letters include the letter hei, pronounced [o] or [already], although in Russian the dots on top of it are often omitted unless this can lead to misunderstanding.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Ukraine, was introduced in the 1870s as a sign of the [ji] phoneme, while mere і is soundered as [i].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The consonants jacaltec and Malagassi, belonging to the Mayan languages, are among the few languages in which the treema occurs over the letter n.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In each, ndenotes the velar nasal, or “äng sound” [].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Udmurt, two dots also often occur on top of consonants: [d], [d], and [t]).


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

and denote the phonemes [] and [] in the Kurdish language letterpress.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

These are phonemes borrowed from the Arabic language.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

is usually a vowel, but is used as a sign of a consonant (semi-vowel) [] in the Tlingite language.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

It is a sound similar to [w], which is nonetheless pronounced without using the lips.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The same sound also occurs in the Tsimš language, where it is written.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In some languages spoken in Vanuatu, two dots are used over consonants to indicate lingvolabial consonants.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, in arak, bilabial p [p] must be distinguished from lingvolabial p[ t], bilabial m [m] from lingvolabial m̈n [n], and bilabial v [β] from lingvolabial v̈n [ð].


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The ä (ä¨) with treema does not belong to the literal of any language, but is sometimes used as the equivalent of tāə marbūṭa (ة) in transliteration of the Arabic language.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In the Syrian language, a precision called siyame is used as a sign of the plural of a word, formed by two points marked above the letter.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, (bayta) denotes “house”, while (bayta) denotes “houses”.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Siyame is especially used when there is no vowel in the word that would otherwise distinguish the plural from the singular.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Siyame has historically different origins from dieresis and umlaut sign, but in current computer science it is matched by the same Unicode character.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

However, this may lead to a misinterpretation of the Syrian language.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Use to attract attention Treema over vowels is sometimes used in English-speaking countries, even in advertising and trademark names to attract attention, or when the name is desired to appear alien.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

A typical example is the US ice cream brand Häagen-Dazs.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Also, in the names of some heavy metal bands, the treema is used without being meant to affect the pronunciation in any way.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In this case, it is referred to as “Heavy metal umlaut”.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Usage in mathematics The physical high derivative over time is still sometimes noted in the manner introduced by Isaac Newton, where a derivate means a point above a large symbol.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Similarly, two points denote another derivate: a = d a d t {\ displaystyle {\ dot {a}} = {\ mathrm {d} a\ over\ mathrm {d} t}} a ¨ = d 2 a d t 2 {\ displaystyle {\ ddot {a}} = {\ mathrm {d} ^ {2} a\ over\ mathrm {d} t^ {2}}} This must be distinguished from the more general way of denoting the derivative by the indexing comma used by in physics is used especially in the case of a derivative with respect to position: f′ (x) = d d x f (x) {\ displaystyle f' (x) = {\ mathrm {d}\ over\ mathrm {d} x} f (x)} f ″ (x) = d 2 d x 2 f (x) {\ displaystyle f "(x) = {\ mathrm {d} ^ {2}\ over\ mathrm {d} x^ {2}} f (x)} Treema in Information Technology umlaut and dieresis, despite its different origins, is usually treated as the same exact.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

On the keyboard Finnish keyboard, the letters Ä and Ö have their own keys, just like Å, Ü, on the other hand, usually does not.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

On keyboards used in English-speaking countries, these do not exist, but these letters can be achieved in more ways than one.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In the Windows version of Microsoft Word, letters with two dots on top are achieved by pressing Crtl-Shift followed by pressing the key on that letter.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Linux, letters with two dots on top are achieved by pressing Altgr-Shift: and then the key for that letter.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Mac OS and OS X, letters with two dots on top are achieved by keying and then using the key for that letter.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

This works on English and other keyboards and is explained in more detail in the instruction manuals for these systems.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In X Window System-based systems that include the Compose key, letters with two dots are achieved by keying, (i.e. “)


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

followed by the key of that letter.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

and the key in that letter, depending on the system settings, may also work and produce the same character.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Most current systems such as UNIX can also be keyed followed by the Unicode value of the desired character.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Thus, for example, a keystroke, 00F6, followed by pressing the spacebar or, results in a small ö because its Unicode value is U+00F6.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In some operating systems, letters with treema can be written with alt codes.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

For example, in Microsoft Windows, they are achieved in the keyboard settings, they are obtained by pressing the Alt key, followed by the numeric keypad the position of the desired character as a ten-system number on the Windows code page, provided that the system code page is correct.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The number values on code page 850 with no leading zeros can also be used.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

These are, though, less relevant on the Finnish keyboard, where å, ä and ö are pre-included as are the characters ¨, '`^ and ~, which can be combined with any vowel letter.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

On touchscreens in the early 2000s, a number of user interfaces have appeared in which the keyboard appears on the display screen, resulting in characters by touching the right spot from it with a finger or some object.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Modified characters on these touchscreens are sometimes achieved in the same way as on separate (hardware) keyboards, but some have other means of selecting a function after pressing the base key.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Soft keyboards can also have several functions, one of which corresponds to letters, another to numbers, and the third to other characters.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In Windows 8 versions 8.1... 8.10, the letters ä ë ï ö ü and are achieved by holding the finger at the corresponding dotless letter and pressing 'or also holding down ~ or ^.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

The corresponding capitals are obtained by pressing the Shift key at the same time.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

In iOS iOS, most precise letters in European languages are obtained by holding down a key at the same time as the other is pressed.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Character code values In ISO 8859-1, the letters ä, ë, ï, ö and ü are included in both upper and lower case alphabets, only in lowercase alphabets.


Question: What is Treema?

Treema

Large was included in later versions of the standard ISO 8859-15 and Windows-1252.