Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Internal divisions within the Social Democrats added to the fragmentation of domestic politics.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Still, Kekkonen tenaciously sought to combine his own re-election, the formation of a majority government and his foreign policy ambitions, sending messages to the Soviet leadership that no one else in Finland knew about.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[38] In October 1961, Kekkonen travelled on a three-week state visit to the United States and Canada.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In the United States, the host of the visit was John F. Kennedy, who took office as president in early 1961.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

During the visit, Kekkonen gave a speech at the UN General Assembly in New York in which he characterized Finland's role in resolving international crises as a doctor rather than a judge.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The programme also included several meetings with Finns of America and finally Kekkonen travelled to Hawaii to relax.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[39] As early as April 1961, Kekkonen planned to dissolve the parliament and so influence the coalition, which threatened to go up against him in the presidential election as the candidate of former Attorney General Olavi Honka.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

At the end of October, the Soviet Union sent a note invoking the escalated international situation and demanding military consultations under the YYA treaty.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

When Noot came, Kekkonen was in Hawaii, but he did not interrupt his visit to the United States, instead sending Foreign Minister Ahti Karjalainen to Moscow to account for Noot's background and returned to the homeland himself according to the original schedule a few days later.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[40] For example, according to Tuure Junnila, Veikko Vennamo, Anatoly Golitsyn, Viktor Vladimirov and Hannu Rautkallio, the note was designed by Kekkonen together with the KGB [41].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Honka renounced the candidacy and Kekkonen received 111 electors in the Presidential Electoral Election held in January 1962.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He was re-elected in the 1962 election as president by 199 votes.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[17] 1962—1968: The second period as a result of the Nootti Crisis has been considered that there was no real opposition in Finland anymore and Kekkonen achieved a strong position as Finland's political leader, later acquiring even questionable traits.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[1] Kekkonen tried to put the support of the majority of the parties behind him, because without it the President could not have long exercised his power fully.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In order for the party to hold government responsibility, it had to show Kekkonen its foreign policy trustworthiness, that is, to accept Kekkonen and his foreign policy lines.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

For example, the Coalition got into the government of Johannes Estonia after the note crisis, having demonstrated its loyalty to Kekko.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[23] In the spring of 1964, Kekkonen signaled to his old party, the Agrarian League, that V. J. Sukselainen, who had led the party throughout the post-war period, was to be ousted, and in the summer 1964 party congress Johannes Virolainen defeated Sukselainen in the presidency with a narrow majority of votes.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In the autumn of the same year, in a speech at the Helsinki Workers' House, Kekkonen expressed his readiness to come halfway to the Social Democrats across Pitkänsilla and, if necessary, over.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Thus the SDP, whose presidency had been Rafael Paasio the previous year, began to look like a real alternative to becoming a governing party again.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[42] The SDP achieved a major victory in the 1966 parliamentary elections and, after an 18-year hiatus, a Popular Front government was formed under Rafael Paasio and with the support of Urho Kekkonen.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[43] Kekkonen exercised a lot of power also through personal relationships.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He kept in regular contact not only with his study-time comrades, but also with his hunting, fishing and skiing buddies.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

For young people, he held so-called children's invitations at his official residence in Tamminiemi.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He raised himself creditmen for state government, all major parties and business, especially state corporations.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He also had a lot of artist friends.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen was immediate by nature and knew how to socialise with different people and social circles long before networking became a fashion concept.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[1] According to Jukka Tarka's characterisation, Kekkonen was, to ordinary citizens, a father figure listening to their concerns with a sensitive ear, but also a rumbling manor who did not tolerate disarray with his accounts.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Public criticism weighed and indignant on the president, but his official position limited his ability to engage in open social debate.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[44] Kekkonen spent his free time preferably with non-politicians and political assistants.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The established fishing troupe, of which Kekkonen was the focus, was originally a genuine group of friends.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The troupe's lineup changed in the early years of the 1970s, when it was joined by business leaders who would publish long-distance tours and host presidential visits to Lapland's reel cabins.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

However, the paymen participated in the catching rituals only for the sake of form, because in reality, they sought, with the help of the president, to advance the interests of their companies and also their own career development.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[45] Neste Oy President Uolevi Raade directed the US company Lummus to organise fishing trips to Alaska and South America for the President.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[46] During Kekkonen's second term from German-speaking Central Europe, the concept of “Finnization” was also filtered into Finnish political speech.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Part of it was the perception that only Kekkonen had the exclusive right to interpret Soviet messages.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[47] [48] In March 1964, Kekkonen made a visit to Estonia, where the host was Estonian party leader Johannes Käbin.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen's entourage included his young friends Academician Gustav Vilkuna, Professor of Finnish Language at the University of Helsinki Lauri Hakulinen and Professor of Baltic Finnish Languages Lauri Posti, with whom he had prepared a greeting speech at the University of Tartu for Estonians.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The visit was recently criticised in Sweden and West Germany, as Kekkonen was thus considered to have recognised the Baltic countries belonging to the Soviet Union.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Finnish newspapers included Helsingin Sanomat and Kauppalehti, as well as outdoor Estonians.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Max Jakobson, it became apparent only much later that Kekkonen's visit had actually had a strong mental impact on the Estonians living in isolation.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The visit of the Finnish head of state showed that they had not been forgotten in Finland and gave them faith again in their own national future.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

A tangible result of the visit was the start of passenger ship services between Helsinki and Tallinn after a hiatus of more than a quarter of a century in May 1965.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[49] 1968—1978: Third term In addition to the 1968 elections, Kekkonen, in addition to his own party's Agrarian Union, was supported in advance by the Popular Front government formed in 1966, consisting of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP), SKDL and the Social Democratic Party of Working People and Small Farmers Federation (TPSL).


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

When an exemption bill introduced by parties that were part of the Popular Front government failed to win an adequate majority, they put Kekkonen up as their candidate.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He was elected in the first round of the election with the support of 201 electors.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[28] However, Kekkonta was indignant by the success of his opponent and his longtime political rival Veikko Vennamo (33 electors) and his openly campaign against Kekkonta.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[50] If Kekkonen was bound to cooperation in domestic policy, he may have acted sovereigntically in foreign policy.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He sometimes used no aides other than credit people of his own choosing, who most often came from the State Department.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In the 1960s, Kekkonen took foreign policy initiatives on the Nordic nuclear-free zone [51], the border peace with Norway, and the meeting on security and cooperation in Europe.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The aim was to avoid applying the YYA treaty so that Finland and the Soviet Union would have begun military cooperation, and thus to strengthen Finland's push for a policy of neutrality.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968, neutrality was even more troublesome.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen informed the Russians in 1970 that he would not continue as president and the YYA treaty would not be extended unless the Soviet Union continued to agree to recognize Finland's neutrality.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] The 1970 parliamentary elections marked the end of Popular Front cooperation.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen became active in domestic politics even as the de facto Prime Minister and participated in negotiations on revenue policy in the form of a so-called FAQ agreement.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[29] The background was the metal strike of 1971, which inspired Aleksei Beljakov, the active Soviet ambassador to Finland, to foment even the organisation of a revolution in the country.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

After the domestic political situation calmed, Belyakov returned to his homeland with few votes.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[52] Kekkonen's third presidential term was exceptionally extended.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The season was initially only scheduled to continue until 1974.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In January 1973, a waiver law was enacted, extending the term for four years.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

It was the third time in Finland that a head of state was elected to office without elections and opposing candidates.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Previously, Gustaf Mannerheim was elected state administrator of Finland in December 1918, following a desire to break away from the German trend, and president in August 1944 when there was a desire to break away from the Continuation War and ties with Germany.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

There are different understandings on the background of exceptional law in historical studies.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Martti Häikö's interpretation, Kekkonen first forced Ahti Karjalainen to propose an extension in January 1972.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He then appointed Rafael Paasio's minority government in February and called for an emergency law in April before the biggest parties, the Social Democrats and the Centre Party, would field their own candidates at party conferences in the summer.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In particular, Ahti Karjalainen, who had been considered Kekkonen's mantle heir, and Johannes Virolainen, who was popular in the field and chairman of the centre.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[53] It was not easy to push through the exceptional law, as it could only be enacted by a majority of 5/6 in Parliament.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In order to bring a majority behind the law, it was created in support of a political package with three parts: an emergency law, a free trade agreement with the EEC of the European Economic Community, and safeguard laws increasing the state's economic regulatory powers, which were advocated by the left.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Despite the package, Kalevi Sorsa's government failed to assemble the necessary qualified majority, so Kekkonen threatened in December that he would not be available for president.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Publicly, he claimed the so-called Zavidovo memo, which was leaked to the public in October, concerning discussions between him and the Soviet leadership, as the reason.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The exemption law was passed in January 1973 by a vote of 170—28 and Kekkonen's term was extended for four years until 1978.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] Urho Kekkonen's relations with Helsingin Sanomat, the kingdom's largest newspaper, remained cool for a long time after the wars, but warmed up in the early years of the 1970s.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen and HS's longtime power figure Eljas Erkko had each sat in the pre-war Cajander government, and both had been prominent opponents of the far-right movement.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

After the wars, Kekkonen and Erko's perceptions of the Motherland interest differed sharply; Kekkonen felt that Moscow's might had to be recognized as fact, while Erkko sought Finnish support from the West.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The cold intervals continued even in the period of Eljas Erko's son Aatos Erko.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

When the waiver law project surfaced in the spring of 1972, HS was initially staunchly opposed to it.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

However, attitudes changed when a free trade agreement with the EEC was linked to the extension of Kekkonen's term.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The agreement, which came into force at the beginning of 1974, pushed Finland strongly towards the West, as Erko wanted, and HS's attitude towards Kekkonta softened.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[54] The death of Sylvi Kekkonen in early December 1974 was a very heavy blow for Urho Kekkonen.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Johannes Virolainen, among others, Kekkonen's internal political grips became more drastic since then.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[18] In 1975, Kekkonen hosted the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in Helsinki.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The event is considered the culmination of Kekkonen's career.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In that year, Kekkonen was featured as one of the most viable candidates for the Nobel Peace Prize; Thorbjörn Fälldin, chairman of the Swedish Centre Party, had already proposed the prize to Kekkonen at the end of January before the OSCE.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

However, the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Grand Priorities awarded the prize to the Soviet nuclear physicist Andrei Sakharov.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[55] [56] 1978—1982: Season 4 When serious opponents and contenders offered a real alternative did not appear, Kekkonen's power expanded, according to some estimates, even in some respects too strong.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The culmination of this exercise of power can be considered 1975.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen had dissolved parliament and hosted the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in Helsinki.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Already at that point, he allowed himself to be chosen as the presidential candidate of the Social Democrats and the centrist for the 1978 elections.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The SDP had time to ask the head of state to run for the nomination even before the centrist party.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In the autumn, Kekkonen “rung” the leaders of the Popular Front parties present in front of television cameras into the emergency government led by Martti Miettunen.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[23] The 1978 presidential election was a triumph for the sitting president.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

When Kekkonen was also installed as its candidate by the National Coalition, he received 82% of the vote and 260 electors, supported by the four major parties.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

For the Kekkos coalition, only one Coalition defector left behind Raino Westerholm, the candidate of the Christian Union of Finland.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] In the summer of 1978, Kekkonen and General Lauri Sutela, commander of the defence forces, rejected a proposal by the Soviet Minister of Defence, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, who visited Finland, for joint Finnish and Soviet military exercises.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[57] In the summer of 1979, the so-called Midsummer Bomb arose when Urho Kekkonen reproached the President of the Parliament, Johannes Estonian, for having “given false testimony about Finland's foreign policy” in his interview to Kuvalehti in Finland.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Kekkonen, Estonia had again brought to full strength the debate on Finnishness, which Kekkonen felt that during his state visit to the Federal Republic of Germany a little earlier had succeeded in extinguishing.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[58] Throughout the 1970s, rumours began to circulate about the deteriorating health of the head of state and fluctuations in mental tune.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In televised New Year's speeches, for example, the deterioration in the president's condition was often clearly noticeable.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

However, publicity and media sought to silence these rumors as a rule because they wanted to respect the privacy of the head of state.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[59] In all silence, the Ministry of Justice began to prepare for the possibility that Kekkonen would have to leave office before 1984, and the Permanent Secretary Kai Korte deposited the documents relating to the resignations of Kyösti Kallio and Gustaf Mannerheim.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[60] The condition of Kekkonen was reported afterwards to have been particularly bad in the winter of 1980.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

During the winter and spring of 1981, the president's power had fluctuated sharply and in this case he had seriously considered suspending his tenure.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[61] The end of Kekkonen's sovereign power has been marked by April 1981, when Prime Minister Mauno Koivisto refused to resign, despite the fact that he had been quite explicitly urged to do so from Tamminiemi.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Koivisto broke the Kekkonen pattern by pointing out that, according to the Constitution, the government in Finland must enjoy the confidence of the Parliament and not the president in the first place.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] The event has also been considered to have marked the beginning of the final collapse of Kekkonen's mental and physical condition.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The president felt he had suffered such a severe public prestige defeat that he no longer recovered from the shock it caused.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[62] However, as recently as July 1981, Minister of the Interior Eino Uusitalo publicly expressed the wish that Urho Kekkonen would be available even after his tenure in 1984.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[63] The crash of Kekkonen at the airport in 1980 became a buzz in May 2011 when Yleisradio did not want to show the clip in its entirety on the Pressiklubi programme.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[64] According to different views, it was either censorship or respect for an old person.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Juha Engström, Kekkonen's adjutant, the crash was caused by glare and strong spectacles that caused the president not to see the lowest step of the plane's stairs.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Photos of the situation at the time of the incident were also not released.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[65] Kekkonen presided over the presentation of the President, the last remaining of his tenure, at the Council of State on Friday 4 September 1981.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

According to the ministers present, the president was in fairly refreshed condition at the time.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In this session, Kekkonen also completed his last appointment, which was the appointment of Chief Financial Officer Asko Saviaho to the post of Postal Director of Posts and Telecommunications since the beginning of October 1981.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[66] On the same day, Kekkonen also visited the Presidential Palace for the last time, where the new Colombian ambassador to Helsinki left his credentials.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[67] As of Monday, September 7, 1981, the president canceled all his appointments due to fever.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[68] Kekkonen's health was visibly betrayed during a fishing trip to Iceland in August 1981.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In September he went on sick leave and had to ask for resignation in October [69].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

After this, he no longer appeared in public.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] Years later, information has seeped into the public domain about how the president's faltering health was kept secret from the people while the scenes were playing hard on the successor issue.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[70] [71] [72] During Kekkonen's sick leave, a debate took place among legal scholars as to how to establish the President's permanent inhibition to the exercise of his office.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Professor of Administrative Law Veli Merikoski considered that the question of the President's permanent inhibition should be referred to Parliament by the Government, for which the provisions of the form of government did not provide a basis.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[73] Officially, Kekkonen resigned from the post of President of the Republic on 27 October 1981.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The President's Permanent Secretary, Juhani Perttunen, was able to persuade the reluctant Kekkonen to sign the resignation prepared in advance [74].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kai Korte, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Justice, presented Kekkonen's resignation to the Council of State by leaning both on the President's own announcement and on the testimony of his personal doctors Pentti Halonen and Erkki Kivalo.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

This avoided any reflection on whether the president, in issuing his resignation declaration, had been judicial.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The demonstration event attracted great attention and was televised across Europe.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[75] Kekkonen was the formal head of state until Mauno Koivisto, who was elected as his successor, took the oath of office as President of the Republic [76] [77] on 27 January 1982 Prime MinisterGovernment. -A.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Fagerholm1956—1957Fagerholm IIV.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

J. Sukselainen1957Ski Iriner von Fieandt1957—1958von FieandTreino Kuuskoski1958Kuuskik. -A.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Fagerholm1958—1959Fagerholm IIIV.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

J. Sukselainen1959—1961Sukselainen IIMartti Miettunen1961—1962Miettunen Iahti Karlainen1962—1963Karjalainen iReino R. Lehto1963—1964LehtoJohannes Virolainen1964—1966VirolainenRafael Paasio1966—1968Paasio Imauno Koivisto1968—1970Koivisto Vo Aura1970Aura Iahti Karalainen 1970—1971Karelian IITeuvo Aura1971—1972Aura Iirafael Paasio1972Paasio IikaLevi Sorsa1972—1975Sorsa Ikeijo Liinamaa1975Liinamaamartti Miettunen1975—1976Miettunen Iimartti Miettunen1976—1977Miettunen IiikaLevi Sorsa1977—1979Sorsa Iimauno Koivisto1979—1982Koivisto II Last years When Kekkonen had stayed out of office of president, the president's official residence in Tamminiemi was converted into his service home.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In his final years, Kekkonen kept away from politics and did not take a position on current affairs.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Due to his deteriorating health, he could no longer outdoors without assistants.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

To the letters he received, he couldn't answer.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen died on 31 August 1986 at his home in Tamminiemi, Helsinki, three days before his 86th birthday.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The cause of death was brain stem circulatory failure [69] Kekkonen was blessed with spectacular state expenditure in Helsinki Cathedral and buried on 7 September in Hietaniemi Cemetery [69].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The eulogy was delivered by the President of the Republic Mauno Koivisto and the blessing of the body was delivered by Archbishop John Vikström [69].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In his blessing speech, Vikström compared Kekko to a lonely skier who, down to a slowly expiring track, disappears into the horizon [69].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

A major exception to normal practice at the funeral was that no shots of honour were fired at the deceased with cannons when lowering into the grave as they did for predecessors; since Kekkonen was specifically a peace politician, his departure was honoured in another way: when the funeral cortege left the Cathedral towards the Cathedral In Hietaniemeä, the bells of all churches in Helsinki rang soul bells.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

No medical account of Kekkonen's illness has been released.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The statements made by the staff doctors Pentti Halonen and Erkki Kivalo on the state of the president were extremely diplomatic.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The medical record has been taken from the Meilahti Hospital Archives and its location is not known.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In light of the available data, it was apparently a case of vascular dementia associated with atherosclerosis.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

However, the effect of the disease on power management has not been established.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

After Kekkonen died, Tamminiemi was made the Urho Kekkonen Museum, which opened to the public in 1987.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[8] Private life Family Urho Kekkonen was married since 1926 to Sylvi (Sylvia Salome) Uino (1900—1974).


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In 1928 they were born twin sons Taneli (d. 1985) and Matti (d. 2013).


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Taneli Kekkonen served as ambassador and was married to K.-A.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

With Fagerholm's daughter Brita since 1952.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[18] Matti Kekkonen was an MP and an official in the state administration, as well as his father's assistant and an educator of that tradition.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] Of Kekkonen's grandchildren Brita and Taneli Kekkonen's son Timo Kekkonen is an influence in business life.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[78] Female relations Urho Kekkonen is known to have had a lively social life.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

One of Kekkonen's female friends was Ambassador Jaakko Hallama's spouse Anita Hallama, who has published her diaries and extracts from Kekkonen's letters.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[79] Kekkonen's relationships with Hallama and journalist Anne-Marie Snellman are described in Raija Oranen's novels.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[80] [81] According to Oranen, Kekkonen also had a love affair with Maarit Tyrkö, a journalist 47 years younger than himself.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[82] Tyrkkö himself has told us about this in his book Girl and the Recorder, published in 2014.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[83] Importance and Impact Aftermath and heritage Urho Kekkonen's greatest merit has been regarded as the meritorious management of Finland's relations with the east in a difficult era of world politics.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

As a politician, Kekkonen was not content to simply seek compromise, but snubbed many of his domestic political rivals, some of them harshly.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He exploited his personal Eastern relations in domestic politics in such a way that even many political opponents began to regard him as irreplaceable.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekko has been criticised for exploiting Finland's awkward position in pursuit of personal advantage.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In the strategic power play of politics, Kekkonen was an expert.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In an editorial on 25 September 1977, the Swedish tabloid Expressen considered Kekkonen's excessive influence in Finnish politics to be damaging.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[84] According to Professor Timo Vihainen, what was particularly bad was that “the independent head of state was reduced to using foreign aid in his own political machinations”, not that he managed relations with the Soviet Union through its secret service.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[85] [86] In Western democracies, Kekkonen's presidency was exceptionally long.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

This has been explained by charisma, ruthless tactics, popular popularity and Cold War-era political sensibility.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Finnish politics were overshadowed almost throughout Kekkonen's presidency by a power play by the great powers, with Finland's location as the only pro-Western Soviet frontier neighbour strategically sensitive.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Even under pressure from the great powers, Kekkonen maintained his status as a respected statesman both in the East and the West.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The greatest international recognition of his political career can be considered the OSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in 1975, where Kekkonen hosted a summit of major powers to alleviate the Cold War.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

After Urho Kekkonen died, the media began writing about him more freely.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Since then, several books on him and his diary from 1958—1981 have also been published.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[87] [88] Since Kekkonen, the powers of the President of Finland have been narrowed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Since the 1980s they have been delegated to parliament and government.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In the 2000 constitutional reform, the president's main task remained the management of foreign policy together with the State Council.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[89] Since the interruption of Kekkonen's last term, subsequent presidents have taken it upon themselves to publicize their health.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[90] [91] In the 2004 Great Finns vote, Urho Kekkonen finished third with 57456 votes ahead of Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim and Risto Ryti.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[92] Honours during his lifetime Kekkonen received a number of honours normally reserved only for late great men during his life.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

His birth home, Lepiko croft in Pielavesi, was converted into a museum already during his second term as president in 1966.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

To mark his 75th birthday, he got his picture on a five-hundred-mark note.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

This banknote was issued on Kekkonen's birthday on 3 September 1975 and was in use until 1986.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In 1980, when Kekkonen turned 80, the city of Helsinki changed the name of his longtime home street Kampinkatu to Urho Kekkonen Street.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

A street with the same name is also in Kajaani and in Hamina there is Kekkonenkatu.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

A section of road called Kekkonentie was opened to traffic in Tampere at the turn of the 1970s-1980s.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kecosenties are also in Saarijärvi, Kankaanpää, Salo and Nurmes.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] The title of Honorary Doctorate of Sport Science was conferred on him in 1969.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[93] In the 1970s, a fell peak was named Kekkonen-toppen in northern Sweden.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[94] The Soviet Union awarded Kekkonen in 1980 the Lenin Peace Prize (Lenin International Peace Prize) “for outstanding merits in action for the preservation and consolidation of peace”.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen received the award during his fifth and final state visit to the Soviet Union in November of that year.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[95] He had already received the Lenin Badge of Honour in 1964.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[96] The Paasikivi Society invited Urho Kekkonen as its honorary member.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In 1973, the club was reported to commission a large-format portrait of him, painted by renowned Russian painter Ilya Glazunov.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The work attracted attention already in progress and Glazunov began to be called the “Court Painter of Kekkonen”.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The Paasikivi Society handed over the work to Finlandia Hall, where it was moved to the club's own premises.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Today it is in the Urho Kekkonen Museum in Tamminiemi.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Afterwards, journalist Mauri Lintera has revealed the order and advance stir for the painting was part of a publicity campaign for a new women's magazine.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[97] In the spring of 1981, a 50 mark commemorative coin was issued in honour of Urho Kekkonen's 25 years as president.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The coin was designed by Nina Terno.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[98] In 1983, after Kekkonen left his presidential duties and retired, Finland's second largest national park, Urho Kekkonen National Park, was named after him.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

After Kekkonen died in 1986, his official residence Tamminiemi, where he had lived for thirty years, was converted into a home museum.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The Urho Kekkonen Museum, opened in 1987 in Tamminiemi, presents recent Finnish history in addition to Kekkonen's personal history.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[99] Statues and monuments of the statues and monuments erected in Kekkonen is the Urho Kekkonen monument designed by sculptor Pekka Jylä in Helsinki's Hakasalmi Park.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The monument was unveiled on Kekkonen's centenary on 3 September 2000.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen's youth's hometown of Kajaani has a monument to Kekkonen in the handwriting of sculptor Pekka Kauhasen, the Great Time, which was unveiled in 1990.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

So far, Kekkonen has received his only public appearance statue.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The statue of President Urho Kaleva Kekkonen sculpted by sculptor Matti Peltokankka was unveiled in 2008 and honours Kekkonen's role in establishing Rautaruuki's Raahen factory.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] In autumn 2009, the City of Tallinn announced that the square in front of Terminal A of the Tallinn Passenger Port will be renamed Helsinki Square and a statue of Urho Kaleva Kekkonen will be erected there [100].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In addition, the Finnish Parliament Hall has a bronze bust of Kekkonen sculpted by Aimo Tukiainen from 1966.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] Politics Although Kekkonta has often been criticised for “Finnishness”, excessive use of power and preference for the left, this was apparently part of his tactic to keep Finland neutral.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Although originally a member of the Agrarian League's right-wing, the most left-wing wing after 1944 in the 1950s, Kekkonen was practically attuned, although he was originally a member of the Agrarian League's right wing, the most left-wing wing after 1944 in the 1950s.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen's goal, in his own words, was to defragment the country politically from left to right, and he tried to do so, often without success, to create joint coalition governments of all parties (civil service governments were practically such).


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

As for the Coalition, this was not successful due to fierce opposition from the left-wing parties, and Kekkonen attempted in his last active months to overthrow the Koivisto II government and create a bourgeois government formed by Kesko and Coalition in its place.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He justified this as well as the admission of the SKP into government at one time: “one quarter of the people cannot be insulated from political decision-making”, and the vast majority of the Coalition were already in favour of Kekkonen for a good journey from the 1970s.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

However, with the collapse of his health, he could not carry this out [101].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen considered it very important to maintain good relations with the East and succeeded in concluding/contributing to many trade agreements that were very advantageous to Finland.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen can therefore be regarded as essentially a centre-left pragmatic in his views.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen was also aiming to get Karelia returned to Finland by agreement.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Research Kekkonen took care of storing his archives himself for the use of researchers.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Urho Kekkonen founded the Archives Foundation of the President of the Republic on 18 August 1970.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The place of the FAQ archive became Hovila Manor in Orimattila.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[102] However, due to the large amount of foreign policy material involved, its use was limited for a long time.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

From 1995 until 2000, access to the archive required a research permit.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Since 2001, almost all of the data has been freely available to researchers.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[103] The research on Kekko has focused on his exercise of power and foreign policy.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Juhani Suomi used the archive to help compile an eight-volume “official” biography of Kekkonen, which appeared 1986—2000.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In addition to domestic archives, Hannu Rautkallio had access to the archives of the Central Committee of the USSR.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kimmo Rientola also studied Kekkonen's eastern relations.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[104] [20] [105] Lasse Lehtinen and Timo J. Tuikka have studied Kekkonen's internal politics in their doctoral theses.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Several new research works and dissertations continue to appear on Urho Kekkonen every year.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[106] [105] In art and popular culture Finnish art and popular culture Kekkonta has been discussed abundantly.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

For example, Kekkonen has been the subject of novels, operas, vocal plays, television series, films, antics books, cartoons and caricatures.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The importance of Kekkonen to Jews and Roma people on 22 August 1938, while Kekkonen was serving as Minister of the Interior, Finland refused to allow the m/s Ariadne vessel carrying around 60 Austrian Jewish refugees into Finland.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

These Jewish refugees converted from Finland have been brought to know “Kekkonen as Jews”, as Kekkonen ultimately bore responsibility for what happened.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[108] On 10 February 1939, the far-right Patriotic People's Movement raised concerns in its parliamentary poll that it was unreasonable for Jewish refugee gangs to permanently enter Finland to enjoy the right to asylum while Finns are unemployed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Minister of the Interior Kekkonen replied that “the number of refugees referred to in the survey is relatively low in Finland, which is due to the fact that the Government has taken all necessary measures in time to prevent the influx of refugees from Central Europe heading to our country”.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Kekkonen, “The Government's intention is, of course, without violating international customs concerning the state right of asylum, to constantly prevent the mass displacement of refugees into our country, which does not mean that entry permits cannot be issued in individual cases.” [109] In autumn 1942, Kekkonen stated that “a concentration camp for the Gypsies (Roma) must be set up for the Gypsies (Gypsies), and they will not survive by the way.”


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[110] Around the same time, he wrote in the Finnish Kuvalehicle under the pseudonym Pekka Peitsi how the Roma are a group of work-wrenching, idly strolling gangs, which “forms a flagrant discord in the sound of work and effort that the country is flooding”.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[111] The Kekkonen camp proposal was put into action and in January 1943, Finland's first labour camp for Roma men began operation.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Roma women also found themselves in a similar camp.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[110] Many were assigned there on the basis of the Vagrancy Act 1936 [112].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Those engaged in forced labour were paid a small wage, minus accommodation, food and clothing expenses.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

At least 75 mots had to be made in forestry labour camps before getting out could be considered.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Neither camp operated for long.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The camps are not classified as concentration camps.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[110] Literary production A prolific writer Kekkonen was also notable as a literary influence.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

He wrote both under his own name and under pseudonyms, which included Esaijas Kohennuskeppi, Esaijas Ranstakka, K.Y.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Laaksonen, Kää, Lawyer, Lautamies, Liimatainen, Male Finnish, Olli Tampio, Pekka Peitsi, Urho Sorsimo and Nephew [113] [114].


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

In 1976, Kekkonen published a two-volume collection of his correspondence to some extent under the name Letters from My Mill.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The publication of the collection of letters prompted the term mill letter to become established for several years in political parlance.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

The title of my work was combined with the name of French Alphonse Daudet's short story collection Letters from My Mill.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[115] [116] However, Kekkonen denied that these Letters from My Mill were anything to do with Daudet's short stories published in 1869, as his mill is entirely different from Daudet's romantic poet's hideout, from which “pleadings anonymous to the recipient” are sent.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Instead, Kekkonen characterised his letter mill as “a roaring, knuckling, pounding and grinding mill from which letters from the mill fire to well-defined recipients.”


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[117] Kekkonen was planning a three-part series of memoirs, of which he could publish only the first volume, my Century 1, to 1936, before his health failed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen's publication in 1980 of Tamminieme, on which he compiled his domestic and foreign policy line pulls, has been considered his political will.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

[118] Works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Self-Defense of Democracy | publisher = WSOY| year = 1934}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Municipal Electoral Court under Finnish law (dissertation) | publisher = Otava| year = 1936}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peitsi, Pekka| title = The path of defragmentation of the Finnish people| publisher = Otava| year = 1942}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peitsi, Pekka| title = People fight for their life| publisher = Otava| year = 1943}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lance, Pekka| title = I found wrist| publisher = Otava| year = 1944}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lance, Pekka| title = Here we are| publisher = Oak | year = 1944}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Does our country have the composure to prosper| publisher = Otava| year = 1952}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = New municipal election law explained | publisher = Gummerus| year = 1953}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vilkuna, Gustav (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = For Earth| publisher = Otava| year = 1955}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vilkuna, Tuomas (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Speeches and writings 1 (1936−1956) | publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1967| isbn = 951-35-0353-4 sid.}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vilkuna, Tuomas (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Speeches and writings 2 (1956−1967) | publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1967| isbn = 951-35-0355-0 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Adhesive | title = Across — chart board | publisher = Otava| year = 1968}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Speeches and writings 3 (1916−1955) | publisher = Weilin+Gös| year = 1969| | isbn = 951-35- 0359-3 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Adhesive | title=Kekkonen, Urho| publisher = Otava| year = 1970}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Speeches and writings 4| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1972| isbn = 951-35-| 0862-5 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Decades of Change| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1975| isbn = 951-35-1409-9 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit & Keijo Korhonen (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Letters from my mill 1:1956-1967| publisher = Otava| year = 1976| isbn = 951-1-02390-X (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit & Korhonen, Keijo (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Letters from my mill 2:1968—1975| publisher = Otava| year = 1976| id = ISBN 951-1-04052-9 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Stormbom, N.-B.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

(ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Mina brev 1956−1975| publisher = Söderström| year = 1977| isbn = 951-52-0403-8 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = By name and name brand| publisher = otava| year = 1977| isbn = 951-1-04641-1 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = By name and pseudonym 2| publisher = Otava| year = 1977| isbn = 951-1-04643-8 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit (ed.)


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

& Saanio, M.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

(images) | title = Travel photos of Kainui and Lap| publisher = Otava| year = 1977| isbn = 951-1-09414-9 (sid.)}}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Tamminiemi| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1980| isbn = 951-35-2287-3 sid.}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = My Year 1| publisher = Otava| year = 1981| isbn = 951-1-06566-1 (part 1)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Publication| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1982| isbn = 951-35-2065-X sid.}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit & Suomi, Juhani (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Counter-current| publisher = otava| year = 1983| isbn = 951-1-07557-8 sid.}


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Source Ear, P. & Pekkarinen, J.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

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Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Letters to miller 1956—1981| publisher = Otava| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uino, Ari| title = Rills off and over the bar: Urho Kekkonen as sportsman| publisher = Otava| year = 1999| isbn = 951-16338-8}} Briefly Governments of Kekkonen I Government Kekkonen II Government Kekkonen III Government Kekkonen IV Government Kekkonen V Government Presidencies 1st term: 1 March 1956 — 1 March 1962 2nd term: 1 March 1962 — 1 March 1968 3rd term: 1 March 1968 — 1. 4 March 1978 (1973 Exemption Act extended by 4 years) 4th term: 1 March 1978 — 27 January 1982 (would have lasted until 1 March 1984, but Kekkonen abdicated by the President of the Republic on health grounds 26 October 1981) See also Paasikiven—Kekkonen Urho Kekkonen Museum List of President Kekkonen's state visits Kekkontien FAQ Institute Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haataja, Lauri & Friman, Paavo| title = Presidential Book| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2001| isbn = 951-566-071-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uino, Ari (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Young Urho: Urho Kekkonen Kajaanin years 1911—1921| publisher = Otava| year = 1999| isbn = 951-1-15992-5}} References Literature Juhani Finnish books Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = English, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1936—1944: Myrrys| publisher her = otava| year = 1986| isbn = 951-1-06567-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = English, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1944—1950: Vonkamies| publisher = Otava| year = 1988| isbn = 951-1-09770-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| k| author = English, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1950—1956: Kingtie| publisher = Otava| year = 1990| isbn = 951-1-10403-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1956-1962: Time of crises | publisher = Otava| year = 1992| isbn = 951-11588| 4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1962—1968: Presiden| publisher = Otava| year = 1994| isbn = 951-1-13065-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1968—1972: Battle for impartial| publisher year = Otava| = 1996| isbn = 951-1-13548-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = English, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1972—1976: In the chaff stream | publisher = Otava| year = 1998| isbn = 951-1-14799-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = English, Juhanian | title = Urho Kekkonen 1976—1981: Expired chart| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| isbn = 951-1-16257-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen Diaries 1:1958—1962| publisher = Otava| year = 2001| isbn = 951-1-15547-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen Diaries 2:1963—1968| publisher = Otava| year = 2002| isbn = 951-1-18174-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen Diaries 3:1969—1974| publisher = Otava| year = 2003| isbn = 951-1-18858-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen diaries 4:1975—1981| publisher = Otava| year = 2004| isbn = 951-1-19251-5}} Other books Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hakanen, Yrjö| title = Six photos of Kekon| publisher = Love books| year = 1985| isbn = 951-835-0935-09| 6-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Esa (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Who Kekkonen? | location = Helsinki| publisher = Art House| year = 2014| isbn = 978-951-884-527-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lilja, Pekka & Raig, Kulle| title = Urho Kekkonen and Estonia| publisher = Minerva Kustannus Oy| year = 2006| isbn = 952-95| 5591-80-8}} Citation error, replace with { {cite book| author = Linnankivi, Berry| title = Kekkonten daughter-in-law | location = Helsinki| publisher = Januar| year = 2010| isbn = 978-951-31-5366-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salmon, Tuomas| title = “Get used to it, why 'not parkuen ane”.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Finland's leading newspaper's attitude towards Urho Kekkonen 1944—1956| publisher = Oulu University| year = 2003| version = dissertation | isbn = 951-42-7157-2| format = [Online version of the work (PDF)] | accessdate = 6.1.2016}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Memories of Medical Work — Läkarminnen| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = SKS/duodecim| year = 2006| isbn = 951-746-781-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Montonen, Pia Maria| title = Realm's daughter-in-law: Brita Kekkonen| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2014| | isbn = 078-951-0-40241-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niiranen, Pekka| title = Kekkonen and Church: Relations between President of the Republic Urho Kekkonen and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 1956—1981| publisher = Bookshop | year = 2000| isbn = 951-625-653-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book | author = Repo, Eino S. & Repo, Ville| title = Principal: Portrait of Urho Kekkonen from his President| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1985| isbn = 951-35-3191-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Esa| title = Eastern Relations Triangle Brezhnev—Kosygin 1960—1980| publisher = Idea Books| year = 2007| isbn = 978-951-20-7492-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Esa| title = Fencer against volcano: Urho Kekkonen and Nikita Khrushchev 1955—1964| publisher = January| year = 2004| isbn = 951-31-2628-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Esa| title = FAQ Deep Imprint — Legacy or Ballast? | publisher = Idea Books| year = 2009| isbn = 978-951-20-7913-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyä, Kyösti| title = Unknown Kekkonen| publisher = Bookgroup| year = 1980| isbn = 951-26-1878-8}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| | author = Tuikka, Timo J.| title = “Kekkonen konstit”: Urho Kekkonen's concepts of history and politics from theory to practice 1933—1982| publisher = University of Jyväskylä | year = 2007| isbn = 978-951-39-2804-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tuikka, Timo J.| title = Kekkonen takapiru: Kaarlo Hillilä incredible life| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011| isbn = 978-951-1-25226-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Turpeinen-Saari, Pirkko| title = Great lonely: Urho Kekkonen and feeling| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2006| isbn = 95| 1-20-7011-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit| title = Girl and recorder| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2014| isbn = 978-951-040253-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Korhonen, Keijo (ed.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen — peace politician| publisher = Otava| year = 1975| isbn = 951-1-02053-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pelttari, Hannu| title = Kekkonen Kekkonen 789522889560}} Fiction Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Huovinen, Pentti & Finnish, Kari| title = Kekkonen Vision Man (comic) | publisher = WSOY| year = 1975| isbn = 951-3-51386-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kirstilä, Pentti| title = Farewell Presidents for publisher = WSOY| year = 1979| isbn = 951-0-09207-X}} Salo, Value: Men of Power (play, television opera), 1986.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Kassila, Matti: Farewell to the President, 1987.


Question: What year has the République game been released?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Inner, Vesa & Ala-Korpela, Anu — Metsämäki, Mikko | title = Operation Kekkonen| publisher = Tamm| year = 2000| isbn = 951-31-1791-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hagelberg, Matti| title = Kekkonen publisher = otava| year = 2004| version = Cartoon| isbn = 951-1-19098-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tervo, Jari| title = Mole | publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| isbn = 951-0-29394-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hämäläinen, Karo| title = Urho Kekkonen| publisher = Tamil| year = 2005| isbn = 951-31-3399-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Oranen, Raija| title = Named Kekkonen| publisher = Works| year= 2011| isbn = 978-951-851-365-3}} On topic elsewhere Check date values in: |date= (help) at Statistical workshop (registration required) Check date values in: |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) * Category:Born in 1900 Category:Deaths in 1986 Category:Key to screening articles


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The earliest roots of Slavic mythology and Slavic antiquity date back very far to the past of Indo-European peoples, even at a time before the differentiation of the Slavic language form.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Some parts have been dreamed to be inherited from the Neolithic or even Mesolithic period.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Slavic mythology shares a lot of common features with the mythology and religion of other Indo-European peoples, which is why they are thought to have evolved from a single Indo-European religion.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Slavic mythology has almost no written sources of information, so most myths have been reconstructed as a result of long research work only recently.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Traces of the beliefs of the ancient Slavs are found especially in the folklore of Slavic peoples, but comparisons with other Indo-European mythologies have also proved fruitful.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

However, almost all information has therefore been questioned, and there are very divisive views on the Slavic family of gods, for example.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

According to the most commonly accepted conception, the main deities of the Slavs were the god of thunder Peru and the god of the underworld Veles.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Furthermore, it is important to note that the ancient faith of the Slavs was by no means a unified system; beliefs and objects of worship varied greatly both geographically and temporally.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Sources of knowledge of Slavic mythology Unlike Greek or Egyptian mythology, the study of Slavic mythology has no written original sources at its disposal.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Slavs cannot be proven to have had any kind of writing system before the arrival of Christianity, although some controversial cases exist (for example, the Book of Veles).


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Therefore, all beliefs and traditions were passed down orally from generation to generation, many of them descended into oblivion in the centuries that followed the arrival of Christianity.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The literary language for Slavs was created in the 8th century by the brothers Kyrillos and Methodios, the fathers of the Glagolitic letter that preceded the Cyrillic alphabet, who were sent by the Byzantine emperor to teach Slavs.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

However, written Slavic remained the exclusive domain of a small spiritual folk section that lived in cities, and Slavic texts were heavily tied to Christianity.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The rural population continued to live as before, and their beliefs continued to be transmitted only by word of mouth.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Non-Slavic Christian missionaries wrote down some sparse entries about the religion of the Slavs, but they did not view the pagan beliefs with much objectivity or interest.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Archaeological remains of old images of worship and places of worship have been found, but not much additional illumination has been obtained.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Pieces of old mythical beliefs and pagan celebrations are inherited to this day in folk songs, customs and stories of all Slavic peoples.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Examining age-old myths about these remnants that have passed through folklore for thousands of years is a complex and difficult task that often leads scholars astray.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

This can lead to misinterpretations and confusion, and pure fakes further complicate the investigation.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Literary sources There are no written sources from Slavic mythology before the division of Slavs into West, East and South Slavs.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

A possible exception is a brief note in Herodotus's History, which mentions the Neuri tribe in the far north.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Members of the tribe, according to Herodotus, converted themselves into wolves for several days each year.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Some scholars have interpreted this as based on Slavic werewolf beliefs, while others believe Herodotus referred to an Old Slavic carnival celebration in which young men were carried in camouflage around the village.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

They have sometimes been referred to as vucari (wolfmen).


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

However, the association of “Neur” with pre-slabs is controversial.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The first definite written mention of the Slavs is in the work Bellum Gothicum of the 5th-century Byzantine historian Prokopios.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In it, he depicts a South Slavic tribe crossing the Danube, heading south.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

According to Prokopios, these Slavs worshipped only one god, the lord of everything, who ruled lightning and thunder.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The historian does not mention the name of this high god, but it is pretty clear from his description that it is Peruvian.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Prokopios mentions the Slavs as having believed in many devils and fairy tales as well.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Probably in the Chronicle of Nestor, written in the early 10th century, there are many valuable references to the pagan beliefs of the East Slavs.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The chronicle describes the history of the ancient East Slavic state.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Although the manuscript was compiled in the early 12th century, it contains copies and references to older documents and describes events before Prince Vladimir the Great baptized into Christianity all of Kievan Russia.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Two gods, Peruvian and Veles, are mentioned in a text describing a 9th-century peace treaty between the pagan rulers of the East Slavs and the Byzantine emperors.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Later, Nestor, the presumed author of the chronicle, describes a family of deities introduced in Kiev by the same prince Vladimir in 980 before his conversion to Christianity.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

This group included Peruvian, Hors, Dažbog, Stribog, Simargl and Mokoš.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Other chronicles also mention Svarog.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Also of interest are snippets from the East Slavic epic Song of Igor's War Expedition (), which refer to Veles, Dažbog and Hors.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The original epic is timed to the late 12th century, though there has been some debate over its authenticity.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The most numerous and richest written sources are in West Slavic paganism: the last tribes were not forced into Christianity until the end of the 12th century.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

German missionaries and priests who fought against pagan beliefs also recorded Slavic mythology.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

They deliberately portrayed the Slavs as bloodthirsty idol-worshippers and barbarians.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Since the priests did not know the language of the Slavs, their descriptions are a mixture of valuable knowledge, erroneous perceptions and harsh exaggeration.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The Thietmar von Merseburg chronicle from the beginning of the 10th century describes a temple on the island of Riedegost (Radagast) where a great god named Zuarasic (Svarogič) was worshipped.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

According to Thietmar, this was the holiest site of the pagan lavas, and Svarogič was their main god.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Another valuable documentary is the Chronica Slavorum written by the German Helmold in the late 12th century.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

He mentions the “black god” Zerneboh (Chernobog), the Porenut god, the Živa goddess, some nameless gods whose statues had multiple heads, and finally Svantovit (Svetovid), worshipped on the island of Rügen, who according to Helmold was the main god of the Western Slavs.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The third and most important source is the Gesta Danorum of the Danish chronicler Saxo Grammaticus, where he describes a war in 1168 between the Danes and the Slavs of the island of Rügen.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In the war, their city was overrun and the Great Temple of Svantovit, which was located there, was destroyed.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Saxo meticulously depicts the worship of Svantovit, the customs associated with it, and the tall four-headed statue of the god.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

He also mentions the multi-headed gods of other Slavic tribes: Rugievit, Porevit, and Porentius.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The fourth source is the writings of St. Otto, a German warrior bishop.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In the 12th century, Otto led several expeditions into the territory of Slavic tribes who lived near the Baltic Sea.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

According to the manuscript, the main god of the Slavs was Triglav.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In the towns of Wolgast and Havelberg, the god of war Gerovit was worshipped, possibly corresponding to Jarilo of the East Slavs.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Archaeological finds Statues of several Slavic gods have been found in archaeological studies.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In 1848 a tall four-faced stone statue was found along the Zbrucz River in Ukraine.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Because of its great resemblance to Saxo Grammaticus' description of the equivalent of a temple on the island of Rügen, the statue was immediately named Svantoviti, though this assumption too has since been questioned.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Other multi-faced statues were also found elsewhere.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

A small four-faced statue carved from bone from the 9th century was found in the ruins of Preslav, the capital of the medieval bulgar kingdom.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Near Neubrandenburg, Germany, on the island of Lake Tollensesee, a two-headed sculpture of human size and made of wood was found; during the Middle Ages, the area was inhabited by the Slavic Dolenain tribe, whose name is preserved in the name of the lake.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Further in Dalmatia, Croatia, a three-headed statue was found on a hill whose name Suvid resembles Svantovit (Svetovid).


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

A peak called Troglav of the Dinara mountain is also located nearby.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The remains of several altars have also been found.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Excavations carried out on the headland of Arkona on the island of Rügen revealed the remains of a large temple and city considered to be the same as what Saxo Grammaticus described.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The remains of an altar dedicated to Perun were found in Novgorod.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

On the central mound of the altar stood a statue of the god.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

It is surrounded by a trench and eight altar chambers containing the remains of sacrificial altars.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The remains of a fortress composed more or less in the same way were found near Břeclav in the Czech Republic at a place whose name Pohansko (pagan) is quite indicative.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Also notable are pottery fragments from the 3rd century of the Chernjahov culture, which influenced Ukraine and Belarus.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The symbols drawn on them were interpreted by Russian archaeologist Boris Rybakov as relating to the ancient Slavic calendar.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Folklore Several Slavic peoples were converted to Christianity between the 6th century and the 12th century.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Christianity flourished, however, mainly only in the cities and among the better people, and especially in rural areas the old myths remained vibrant.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Christian priests and monks fought in Slavic countries (especially Russia) for centuries against the so-called double faith: on the one hand, peasants allowed themselves to be baptized, attended worship services and celebrated new Christian feasts, but still stubbornly practiced old rites even when ancient gods and myths were completely forgotten.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

This was because from the perspective of the Slavic peasant, Christianity did not replace the old Slavic mythology, but introduced new ingredients into it.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Christianity perhaps offered a hope of salvation and life after death, but in this world it took old guardian gods, home spirits and fertility rites to survive, annual harvest and protect livestock.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

This is a problem the church was never able to truly solve, at most it could replace the heathen deity with a saint or martyr.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

However, the cult itself survived, as did the mythical conception of the world by which natural phenomena were explained.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The study of Slavic mythology thus found itself in a difficult situation.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The folk beliefs and traditions of the Slavs are undoubtedly the richest source for elucidating old pagan beliefs, but deciphering the source of information is not a simple task.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Folk songs, stories and celebrations lost their original mythical character and purpose long ago, becoming nothing but superstition or meaningless tradition, repeated and passed on to posterity without realizing its purpose.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

People had a vague impression that some parties came to be spent, stories to tell and songs to sing because that was always done.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The cults of the old gods were mixed with veneration of new Christian saints, the old rituals were mixed with Christian feasts, and over the centuries they merged perfectly with each other.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

This led scholars to analyze the structure of folklore itself and devise methods to draw out old mythology from it.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Folklore narratives can be roughly divided into two parts: Fairy tales of imaginative persons and critters, such as Alkonost, Baba Yaga, Koshchei, Firebird and Zmei Gorynych, songs and stories about legendary heroes like Russian bogatyrs, as well as various superstition against devils and spirits (domovoi, flesh, vilas, vampires, vodjanoi and so on).


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Many of these narratives and beliefs may be very old and contain at least some elements of old myths although they are not myths themselves.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

They lack a deeper religious purpose and vary widely among Slavic peoples.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The celebration of several Christian celebrations among the people, as well as common beliefs associated with saints.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

For example, it is pretty clear that the prophet Elijah, who according to the Bible ascended to heaven in a fiery chariot, was a suitable replacement for the thunder god Perun.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In many Slavic countries, the name of Elijah is Ilya Gromovik (, thunder).


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In the same way, traces of ancient gods can be attributed to many other saints.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

These include Saint Vitus, Saint George, Saint Blasius, the Virgin Mary, and Saint Nicholas.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

It is also evident that several folk festivities, such as Jare or Jurjevo in spring and Ivanje or Ivan Kupala in summer, are both only loosely related to Christian celebrations and contain a lot of pre-Christian material.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

These beliefs have considerable religious significance to the people who still practice them.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The problem, of course, is that the ingredients of pre-Christian religion are completely mixed with general Christianity.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Reconstructing old Slavic myths is therefore true detective work and requires skill in many disciplines such as semiotics, linguistics, philology and ethnology.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Folklore should be analyzed at the level of structure, not just as individual songs and stories.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Viewed by group, they find signs and symbols with some internal logic.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Mainly these characters are keywords that mean more than just names of persons, places or things.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Such permanent keywords, that is, epithets are very typical even in Russian narrative poetry, bylinas: nouns are accompanied by some standard phrase.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

For example, the word forest gets its epithet from the adjective dark, Russia is sacred and the flowers are blue.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Such keywords help scholars sift through traces of mythology from folklore, because even if the name of the protagonist of the story has been changed many times, the attribute that characterizes him remains.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In the study of mythology, these epithets are manifested, for example, as follows: the Slavic god of thunder Peru was mostly replaced by the prophet Elijah, Ilya Gromovik.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

However, Perun was sometimes also answered by Michael the Archangel and sometimes even God of Christianity, while in some Russian and Belarusian stories he was demoted to the level of a fairy-tale character.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Despite the changes in the name and character itself, in these stories there are always certain epithets that were used as symbols of Perun in old mythical texts and have survived in folklore.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Peruvian is always gore (overhead, top, high, mountain top or heaven), he is suh (dry, opposite to wet) he strikes (treska) and beats (razbija) with arrows (strela) or lightning (molnija).


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

These keywords will always remain in folklore even if the name of Perun itself has long since been forgotten.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Therefore, the symbols help to identify Perun from Christians corresponding to him or characters of later folklore.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Using such a method and comparing Slavic mythology with the structure of other Indo-European mythologies (especially Baltic mythology), as well as occasionally using historical references to Slavic paganism, some old myths have been excavated.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The study of Slavic mythology has progressed considerably over the past 30 years, mostly thanks to Russian philologists Vladimir Toporov and Vyacheslav Ivanov and Croat scholars Radoslav Katičić and Vitomir Belaj.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Also valuable are the studies of Russian Boris Uspenski, as well as those of Serbian philologist and ethnologist Veselin Čajkanović.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

However, uncritical examination of folklore can lead the scholar completely astray, as seen below.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

False interpretations and forgeries When examining Slavic mythology in a critical examination of the authenticity and reliability of sources, one cannot be too careful.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Interest in the beliefs of the ancient Slavs has been growing ever since Renaissance times, and thus the number of confusion, errors, misinterpretations and pure figments of imagination has also increased.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Before the mid-20th century, no scientific procedure for folklore interpretation existed, and in the absence of historical and archaeological sources, unjustified speculations were allowed to leisurely flourish.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

An example of an apparently complete misinterpretation is that of the goddess of love Lada (Lado), whose name was taken from the verses of a Slavic wedding song but apparently does not mean anything.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

It is quite certain that the god in question has never belonged to the Slavic family of gods.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Such gods as Koleda and Kupala are taken from the names of Slavic folk festivals: Koleda from Christmas, Kupala from Ivan Kupala (literally John the Baptist), whose feast day is celebrated around the summer solstice in many Slavic countries.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Certainly, parties have ingredients from the pre-Christian period, but making up gods out of party names is clearly not the correct method for deciphering old mythology.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

A misinterpretation of Thietmar von Merseburg's chronicle led to confusion between the god Svarogič and the city of Radegast, where the temple of Svarogič was located.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

The name Radegast can easily be understood as meaning “dear guest”, which led to an interpretation of the Slavic god of hospitality Radegast.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Similarly, the Chernobog (black god) mentioned by Helmold was invented to counter-pair Belobog, the white god.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

This name has not been found in any reliable historical source, but since there was a black god, there had to be a white god as well, and text was written on the supposed Belobog-Chernobog dualism.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Many books and scientific studies still assume that the ancient Slavs worshipped the gods in question.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Even worse than confusions and false interpretations are deliberate forgeries.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Romantic, nationalist, and neo-pagan movements led the general public to become interested in Slavic mythology, and forging the associated evidence became a kind of hobby.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Often its purpose was to support the group's own ideology.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Statues of Slavic gods were “discovered” and folk songs and tales were “recorded”, in which half of the Slavic family of gods were depicted picking flowers and dancing around a campfire.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

Published in the 19th century, Vedic Slovena is a collection of Bulgarian folk songs and legends, with many references to Slavic mythology but considered a forgery by most scholars.


Question: Is the Inca cosmology divided into three parts?

Slavic mythology

A more recent example is the controversial Book of Veles, which purports to be the original written source describing Slavic mythology from the 8th or 9th centuries.