Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Accordingly, an addition to the rules was made in 1970 that if two or more countries share the number one status after scoring points, these countries perform their songs again and then the juries of different countries, except for the countries in the event of a tie, vote on their favourites.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

[38] [39] The rule was in force until the 1989 competition, when it was superseded by the practice of the highest number of points decided by the winner in the event of a tie.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

[40] [41] In 1991 Sweden and France received the same score and the same number of times the full 12 points, but as Sweden had scored the second highest points (10) more often than France, Sweden was declared the winner.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

[42] Since 2004, this practice has also been changed so that in the event of a tie, the higher ranking is awarded by a song that has received points from more countries.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

In 2016, the vote changed to have each country give scores of 1-8, 10 and 12 twice.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

In the first round, scores given by each country's expert panel are published and the second round publishes the scores determined by the public vote of all countries combined.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

[43] Eurovision will publish the results of the public vote by country after broadcast.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

In this way, the aim is to maintain the tension until the last, because in the previous years the votes had been very focused on the winner and the winner had already survived in the middle of scoring points so that many countries still shared their points after the declaration of the winner.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Due to the new scoring system, points records have been broken, with twice as many votes cast as before.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

In 2017, Portugal would have broken the points record with the old system as well.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

[44] Score records The score records in the singing competition have been broken every couple of years in the 2000s.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

In the old point-counting fashion, where votes from each country's expert and telephone polling are added together, the biggest ever point haul was collected by the 2009 winner, Norway's Alexander Rybak with his song “Fairytale.”


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Since 2016, the scores have been allocated differently, meaning judges give scores of 1-8, 10 and 12, and then audience votes are given in aggregate.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Thus, the points were doubled, and the new point-counting system is not comparable with the old system.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

The current points record is held by the 2017 winner, Portugal's Salvador Sobral.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Semifinals Since 2008, nine entries from each of the two semifinals will be selected for the final competition via telephone votes.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

The tenth participant is selected from the votes of the “vicarades”, so that the seat receives the most votes from the songs which are not among the nine who received the highest number of votes in the telephone vote.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

In 2010, the rule changed and the so-called town venue is no longer used, instead the 50/50 voting that had been in the final will also be introduced for the semi-final.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

The participating country must hold a vote in the semifinal in which it itself participates.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

The BIG5 and the organizing country are divided by lot into two groups voting in different semifinals.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

As of 2016, the host country and the five largest contributing countries perform in the semifinals, where voting.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

However, these countries automatically qualify for the finals.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Official supervisors of Eurovisas Since 1964, voting at the competition venue has been supervised by the official EBU supervisor.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

[45] [46] Eurovisa winners By 2018, the most successful country has been Ireland, which has won the Games seven times.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

The second most successful country is Sweden, which has six victories.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Luxembourg has five victories, as do Great Britain and France, one of whose victories have been shared between four countries.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

The highest number of second places, 15 pieces, is in Great Britain.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Top ranking of non-profit countries Countries' previous participation times 42 countries participate in the 2019 Eurovisa.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

The following list shows the most recent entries of inactive member nations: Countries' previous times in the finals There were 26 countries competing in the 2018 final.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

The following list shows other countries' last times in the final: See also European Broadcasting Union Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest Languages in the Eurovision Song Contest Children's Eurovision Song Contest Eurovision Dance Contest Asiavision Song Contest Turkvision singing contest Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pajala, Mari| title = Differences in order!


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Eurovision Song Contest, Nationality and Television History| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = University of Jyväskylä | year = 2006| version = Dissertation, University of Turku.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Studies of the Centre for Contemporary Culture 88| id = ISBN 951-39-2583-8}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kaivanto, Petri & Leskelä, Ari| title = Finnish Eurovision through times| location = Helsinki| publisher = F-cost| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-952-461-122-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kennedy O'Connor, John| title = Eurovision: Official history| location = Helsing| publisher = Thought | year = 2007| version = (The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History, 2005.)


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Translated by Maria Lyytinen| id = ISBN 978-951-20-7007-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Loivamaa, Ismo & Seitajärvi, Juha| title = Eurovisutrivia year by year| location = Helsinki| publisher = Helsinki| publisher = Helsinki| year = 2007| id = ISBN 951-556-119-119 1}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Murtomäki, Asko| title = Finland 12 points! | location = Helsinki| publisher = Works| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-851-106-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pajala, Mari| title = Differences in order!


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

Eurovision Song Contest, Nationality and Television History| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = University of Jyväskylä, Contemporary Culture| year = 2006| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Turku | id = ISBN 951-39-2583-8| format = [online version] (PDF)}} Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

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Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

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Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

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Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest


Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

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Question: What country did Baccara represent at Eurovision?

Eurovision Song Contest

(in French) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Power Rangers is a long-running American children's superhero television series based on the Super Sentai series of the Japanese tokusatsuformat.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The Power Rangers series was created by Haim Saban, who got the idea for creating the series while visiting Japan.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

His idea was to combine Japanese footage with shoots done with English-language actors.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Japanese footage is used as Power Rangers fight with their Zords and also most often when they fight monsters in Ranger outfits.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The plot of the series has also been edited to be more suitable for Western viewers and a plot completely different from the Japanese series has also been created in between.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Saban tried to sell his idea for about nine years until, in 1992, Margaret Loesch, the then-chairman of Fox Kids, agreed to air the series on his channel.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[1] Since then, the Haim Saban Entertainment company owned by Haim Saban made related television series between 1993 and 2001.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers was the first Power Rangers series of them.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

It was based on 16.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Super sentai series Kyoryū sentai Zyuranger.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

From 2002 to 2009, the production of the series was handled by the Disney company, which purchased FOX's family package and as a result, the Fox Family channel became ABC Family.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[2] In the same purchase, Haim Saban's company, Saban Entertainment, which was owned by Fox, also passed into Disney ownership and the name was changed to BVS Entertainment, which continued to produce Power Rangers series.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[2] It began making series in 2002 with the series Power Rangers Wild Force.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Like previous series, it is based on the Japanese tokusatsu format Super Sentai, and is closely linked to Japanese ancillary products such as toys and games.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The 2009 Power Rangers RPM television series, was to remain Power Rangers' final production season after the series' then production manager, Sally Campbell, announced in a newspaper interview that Power Rangers would not be coming to film the new season.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[3] On May 12, 2010, however, Haim Saban's new company Saban Brands bought the rights to Power Rangers back for themselves and began producing a new series for Nickelodeon.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[4] The series Power Rangers Samurai began in February 2011 and was produced for two production seasons with a total of 44 episodes.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The collaboration with Nickelodeon was decided to extend for at least two years and in early 2013 a new series called Power Rangers Megaforce began, which is at the same time the series' 20th production season.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

In Finland, series have been aired variously by PTV4 and MTV3, as well as paid Jetix.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Power Rangers Power Ranger is a fictional character capable of transforming into a powerful superhero.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

In the first seasons of production, it took place with the help of power sources given by Zordon, but since the Power Rangers Lost Galaxy series, the Rangers' powerhouses have ranged ranging from mystical swords to crystals in the magic world.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Power Rangers wear brightly coloured combat outfits, usually made of spandex.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

In addition, the characters wear helmets with opaque visors on their heads.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[5] It allows their identity to remain secret and it also protects them in battles.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The transformed Power Ranger most often possesses superhuman powers, endurance and fighting abilities.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The unconverted Ranger can possess the ability for telekinetics, super speed, and invisibility.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

However, these abilities are not directly related to the character's ranger powers.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Rangers usually work as a group of five, of which most often the person wearing the red outfit is the leader.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The most common rangers' colours are red, yellow, blue, pink, green, black and white.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Also, the rangers' hero names are determined by the colours of the outfits they wear.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The outfits resemble each other and usually only their coloring, helmet shape and visor differ.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Sets Movies In 1995, the first Power Rangers film was completed, based on the first Power Rangers series.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The film was quite lucrative against its $15 million budget.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

It collected more than $66 million worldwide, of which the share received in the United States was just over $38 million.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[6] The film was also nominated for a Young Artist Award winner while Steve Cardenas was nominated for Best Young Actor in a Supporting Role.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The second film was completed in 1997.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The film was called Power Rangers with turbo gear, which didn't do very well.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

In particular, the almost complete absence of action characteristic of the series came under criticism.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The film grossed over $9 million worldwide [7], which was significantly less than the previous film's return.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

However, like the previous film, the film received a Young Artist nomination when Blake Foster was nominated for Best Young Lead Performer.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Both films were released by 20th Century Fox in association with Saban Entertainment.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

In 2015, Lionsgate announced a new Power Rangers film was planned for 2017.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[8] It's going to be a reboot of the series, rather than a sequel to the earlier films.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Naomi Scott was cast for the role of Kimberly Hart.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

[9] Power Morphicon Power Morphicon was the first Power Rangers event held in Los Angeles in 2007.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The event celebrated the 15th anniversary of the Power Rangers series, with guests including Austin St. John, Steve Cardenas, Jason Narvy, Walter Jones, Johnny Yong Bosch, and James Maclurcan and Rhoda Montemayor, who starred in Operation Overdrive.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The following Power Morphicon events took place in 2010 and 2012.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

At the third event, in August 2012, the cast guard of the 2013 Power Rangers Megaforce was released.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

In addition, the event featured a large number of individuals throughout the series' history.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

The next Power Morphicon will probably take place in the summer of 2014.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

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Question: What was the ultimate Power Rangers movie?

Power Rangers

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead., (in French),, (in Polish) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Early high cultures were human communities, into which a more complex social system than others developed early on, [1] at the beginning of the Neolithic period.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

They are shared by the emergence of urban settlement, but seven other common features can be identified: organised administration, complex religion, differentiated professions, social classes, art and architecture, public institutions, and the writing system.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[2] The prerequisite for the emergence of high culture is the emergence of a complex, stratified society in the state.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The genesis of the society is thought to be related to the tribal chieftain's ability to control the food supply to which people give away the grain they produce as a tax.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The chieftain's power grows in intense wars with surrounding tribes.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

These are thought to be linked to a struggle for living space, including farmed land, and a desire to plunder neighbouring tribes.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The temple and religion also play a key role in the genesis of early societies.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The emergence of high culture High culture refers to a culture where one can write and read and involves a society stratified in social classes with professionals from many different fields.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Earliest High Cultures The earliest high culture emerged in southern Mesopotamia in Sumer, present-day southern Iraq around 3500 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

where started to use pictorial writing.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[3] Around the same time, population centers grew into cities of tens of thousands of inhabitants.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Pre-high culture development had taken a couple of thousand years in Sumer.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Its prerequisite was farming carried out using irrigation canals.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Other known early high cultures include the Egypt of the pharaohs, the Indus culture, China, and the Indian cultures of Peru and Mesoamerica on the American continent.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

These early high cultures have also been referred to as early states.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

High culture is characterized by centralized state governance, cities, segregation into occupational groups, calendar and inscription, as well as a developed war facility and official crew and large structures.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Early high cultures were characterized by the great might of religion, temple and clergy.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

This is thought to be due to the temple storing food items for example for frequent famines.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Since then, high culture is considered to have migrated from Mesopotamia to the rest of Eurasia around 2000—1500 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The nascent areas of early high cultures were all river valleys surrounded by arid or semi-arid areas, in which irrigation cultivation plays a significant part.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Although ancient Peru could not write, its culture has many features of civilization.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

In Peru, a major source of food was fishing around the time of the emergence of high culture, farming became involved later.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Early cultural areas of Sumer's early high culture emerged around 3500 BCE, Egypt around 3100 BCE, in the Indus River valley around 2500 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

and Chinese around 2200—1600 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

This would seem to support the idea that foundational ideas of high culture have spread from Sumer in their beginnings.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

After all, farming spread over a large area in the Neolithic period from the Near East.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

For example, Indus writing has evolved from Sumerian pictorial writing.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The rise of Mesopotamian city-states drew the Indus River Valley region to its suction, and spread its influence as far as the river valleys on Iran's north side.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Thus, culture is spread through diffusion, impersonation or, among other things, with the participation of religious missionary work.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

In South America, monuments began to be built on the coast of Peru around 2800 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

In the river valleys of the Atacama Desert.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Trading or conquest expeditions conducted by sea are believed to have spread the seeds of high culture around 1800 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

To the coast of Guatemala.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

This is hinted by the fact that both the Olmeecs of Central America and the leaders of early South American city-states built plain-like truncated pyramids.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Isolationism and Diffusionism Because different cultural domains are far apart, so-called isolationists have argued that the development of early high cultures was largely independent.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

This claim is supported, for example, by the fact that inscription invented in Mesoamerica did not spread to ancient Peru, where some kind of tree markers and a rudimentary knot writing, the quipua, were used.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

So-called hyperdiffusionists have said that all high culture originated in Mesopotamia, and that at some point the seeds of culture have been exported by sailing to the Americas.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

It is known that people from Europe and the Middle East sailed quite long distances early on, but there is no evidence of ships capable of crossing the ocean before the Middle Ages.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Factors that contributed to the emergence of high culture There is no precise idea of what factors triggered the genesis of high culture.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

However, it is known that the emergence of early high cultures followed farming and required settled settlement in isolated river valleys.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The emergence of high culture was accompanied by the genesis of the state.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The state has a certain area and population.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

In all areas of high culture birth, irrigation farming has been practiced, where water and silt from the river are diverted into fields.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Farming has then been intensified to the extreme.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Irrigation cultivation requires a large amount of work but produces a lot.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Irrigation farming requires some form of centralized guidance and keeping the settlement in place.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

On the other hand, there are areas where large irrigation systems are managed without governmental guidance, for example in the Philippines.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Grain storage The genesis of high culture requires the storage of grain.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Centralized storage makes people dependent on the state, for example, if the crop fails.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

This often happened, for example, in Egypt: if due to drought, the floods of the Nile were left unreceived, the fields did not receive water and silt, and famine came.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The temple stored the grain and the state thus brought the people under their control, the people had to obey their rulers so as not to starve to death.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Famine was an ordinary stranger in ancient states.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Population The genesis of high culture is considered to be due, among other things, to strong population growth and wars between different regions requiring centralized leadership.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Population growth increases shortages of farmland, and is the cause of wars.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Continuing wars increase the power of the chiefs.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The settlement must also be quite isolated, for example surrounded by deserts and hostile tribes.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

If a village is overrun in war, it will be difficult for its inhabitants to escape anywhere.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Instead, they would rather start paying tax to the chief of the overrun village.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Chiefdoms Pre-high culture units were chiefdoms which may have included thousands of people.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

These chiefdoms warred with each other.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

One of the prerequisites for the birth of high culture seems to be the genesis of chiefdom


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Chiefdoms are villages run by powerful chiefs.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

In a tortuous chiefdom, one village presides over many villages.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The chiefdoms most often have a certain chieftain lineage leading a larger force.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The chiefs are assisted by clergy.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The chiefs are often treated with great respect and can decide the lives and death of even ordinary tribesmen.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Powerful, non-state chiefdoms included the Muisco society of Colombia, where the power of the local chiefs was powerful, but the power of the commander-chiefs rather weak and manifested most frequently in the case of wars, etc.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Fortified villages and linko ammunition depots have been found in early Mesopotamia.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Early chiefdoms included, for example, Egyptian nomoses, tribes, later provinces, and predecessors of Sumer city-states, for example Tell as-Sawwan.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The chiefs sometimes built large monuments.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Megaliths are associated with some sort of centralized management, but not a state.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Irrigation farming The population growth that began thanks to irrigation cultivation created expansion pressures and the need for wars for the villages that grew large.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

This again increased the control exercised by management.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

High culture always requires the production of grain surplus by irrigation cultivation in order to feed a large number of the population released into various occupational groups.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

A temple controlling grain surplus can maneuver people.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

In early cultural centers, priests played a significant role because they could predict, for example, river flooding.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The nascent stages of great high cultures were often accompanied by wars such as the unification of Egypt.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The combined impact of factors that contributed to the emergence of high culture The earliest documents written are tax receipts.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

In early Mesopotamia, among other things, organized religion was a great might.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Population growth just before the emergence of high culture was due to lucrative irrigation farming in the river valley.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

On the other hand, famines were commonplace in the early states.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The early states were fairly stagnant societies, with inequality prevailing for centuries.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

There was also an outright railing against the people.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The change was brought for a short time by an invasion by some foreign tribe, who usually conquered the country and began to hold power, continuing the traditions of the previous elite.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

increase in importance of tribal chieftain and clergy Irrigation-based farming (artificial irrigation) Storage of grain in case of bad years increased the dependence of subordinates on the warehouse keeper, master or king Stationary settlement, need for control The isolation of the settlement (mountains and/or areas around deserts or hostile tribes) Created population growth, which increased the need for control The wars were caused by population growth, and from the expansion pressure created to combat famine The city's defense required centralized management Trade control was many times by clergy or political leadership New inventions (population growth increases the number of people inventing) Professional specialization Made part of the population dependent on the state.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Distinctive features of early high culture Urban housing Cities with more than 10000—20,000 inhabitants The city centre of commerce and power [4].


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Temple, palace and grain warehouse (religious, political and economic concentration) Social stratification Social classes in the style of king, clergy, soldiers, civil servants, peasants, slaves [4] Writing skills in communication [4] Picture writing, syllable etc.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Development of art State administration A ruler considered a god Tax collection Organized unified religion [4] (temple) Calendar, mathematics Sacrifice and others worship expenditure Organized defense, war institution Major construction projects Professional segregation, division of labour according to tasks [4] Full-time professionals, some of whom do not produce food: for example farmers, nomads, artisans of various fields, traders Not all produce food Mass production of goods New inventions Weaving Perhaps powerful metallurgy development Early high cultures Near Eastern Mesopotamia, the area of present-day southern Iraq had a Sumerian culture ca.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

3500—2000 BC.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

It was preceded by the Ubaid culture and the Hassuna, Halaf and Samarra culture.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Sumer culture was also followed by Elam's (Iran ca.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

3000-570 BC.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

), Akkad (Central Iraq ca.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

2500-2200 BC.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

), Assyrian (ca.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

2000-700 BCE.)


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

and Babylonian cultures (ca.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

1800-500 BC).


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[5] Egypt first had a Naqada culture around 3600-3000 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

and later ancient Egypt with its dynasties around 3100-539 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

India, Pakistan India first had pre-Harappan cultures around 3500 BCE.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[6] and later in the Indus River valley was home to the Indus culture, namely the Harappan culture ca.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

2500—1800 BCE.. [7] China in China was an early Erlitou culture, which included the Xia dynasty c.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

2200-1700 BC.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

and Shang Dynasty ca.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

1700-1050 BC.. Erlitou's successors included the Zhou dynasty c.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

1040-221 BC.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

and the Han dynasty c.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

206 BC.-220 share.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[8] Peruvian region, Central Andes The earliest high echelons of the Central Andes were pre-Inca cultures, which included the Caral culture (ca.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

3000-2800 BC.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

), [9] Moche culture and Nazca culture.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[10] Mexico and Guatemala region, Mesoamerica The earliest major high cultures of Mesoamerica, or Central America, were the Olmeek, Zapotec and Mayan cultures.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[11] Stages of the genesis of high culture The genesis of the early states took off from small farming communities with natural industrious leader types.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Products from horticulture or farming might be collected in some place from which it was being distributed back.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

They call this redistribution.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Oceania For example, in the communities of Melanesia and New Guinea, among others, the Siuaite tribe of the Solomon Islands had “great men” who worked more diligently than others and dragged their relatives and neighbours to work in agriculture and others by promising to hold large feasts with the food obtained.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[12] If the celebration was successful, support for the great man grew.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The work of those received increased, but if the great man managed to make a living at this party, his support was solid.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Yet the great man was equal to the rest.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The great men competed with each other, and the great men themselves did not benefit from the celebrations they organised and the products they collected.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The might of the great men, the mums, was greater at the time of the wars before the Europeans came.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The warlords had slaves.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

At the time of the wars, the great men had possession of territories, and some command over their subordinates, unlike today.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The Trobriands, on the other hand, were warlike tribes led by hereditary grandees who were revered as mighty signifiers.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Yet the chief's power was based on him on his ability to distribute gifts to the people he controlled, not the police etc. There was a chief who controlled more than ten villages.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The largest and most prosperous tribes held hereditary chiefdom.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The Grand Chief had many wives, sisters of chiefs of smaller tribes and received gifts of yams from his brothers.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The population density was about 25 as. /km², smaller than in the early states.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The Grand Chief's power was based on rotting yams in 3—4 months, which could not be stored and distributed in the event of hunger, which would have increased the power of the Grand Chief.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Some of the people were not farmers, but, for example, canoe builders, poppers, craftsmen, etc. [13].


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Cherokee Indians The Cherokee also had a system consisting of a main village and sub-villages.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The affairs of the villages were decided by a council of chiefs with a supreme chief, mico.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The council met in a circular, wooden negotiating lodge.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

During the harvest, a large basket called a “micon granary” was erected in the fields, in which they were allowed to put crop produce, maize, bean and pumpkin at will.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Mico's fences received food for strangers, war expeditions, and assistance in the event of a loss.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

However, Grand Chief Mico was not king, but socialized with others like anyone.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Uganda Uganda's territory was inhabited by a people of Bunyoras who grew millet and bananas.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The leader was the king, to whom about 10 sub-chiefs and the people paid taxes, and the monarch distributed products back to the people.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

It was expected of the king that he would throw parties and distribute gifts to people.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The king kept a grain warehouse and a palace guard, and had clerks, priests and popsmen, as well as many professional men.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The ruler traveled in his kingdom frequently.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

The kingdom of Bunyoras resembled the states of feudal Europe of the Middle Ages for about 1000 jas..


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

For example, William the Conqueror distributed gifts to his subordinates at his feasts.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

[14] Secondary states Secondary states arise when the idea of the state spreads to areas where no states would naturally arise.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Secondary states were established to control trade routes or as protection against other states.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

some secondary states were created by nomads and from these states they plundered civilized states.


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

See also Fertile Crescent Ancient Near East Neolithic Revolution Irrigation Cultivation Master of Mesolithic Neolithic Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marvin Harris| title = Birth of cultures| chapter = Birth| publisher = Book| year = 1982| id = ISBN 951-26-2183-5| page = 87}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jared Diamond| title = Cannons, Diseases and Steel| others = Translated by Kimmo Pietian | location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra cognita| year = 2003| id = ISBN 952-5202-56-9 (nid.)}}


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Brian Fagan| title = Long summer| location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought books| year = 2008| id = 978-951-20-7595-9 (sid.)}}


Question: Are African tribes chiefdoms?

Early High Cultures

References Category:Highcultures Category:Cultural Anthropology Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

List of Concealed Lives of the television series

This is a list of current personalities of the Finnish television series Salatut livings.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Persons Starring Haukkala, Vinberg Janne Haukkala Pietari Haukkala Pietari Haukkala (es.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Miikka Wallin, 2016—) is Janne's older brother.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Peter runs a strip club called Currant, whose owner is his ex-fiancee, Lola.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

And on top of that, he works as an ambulance paramedic.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In addition to unknown persons, Iida Mustonen worked at her strip club.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Tale Taalasmaa worked at the club as a stripper but was fired.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Peter was Eva's male friend, but their relationship was hit hard by Eva's secrecy as well as Peter's company.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the spring of 2018, they finally parted ways.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Shortly before the closing episode of spring 2017, it was discovered that Peter had a fiancée who is in a coma.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Peter visited him in the hospital several times.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Jiri Viitamäki found out that Peter and his fiancée, whose name was revealed to be Lola Vinberg, had had an accident, but Peter lied to him that Lola was dead.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Previously, Lola had also bought the Currant strip club for one euro, but as a result of the accident, Peter ended up running it and thus could not sell anything of his non-existent stake to Jiri.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, in December 2017, however, Lola came out of a coma after Peter had been told Eva, who was planning an engagement, about Lola lying in a coma and a car accident.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Eva wanted to see Lola before she'd let it go.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Coincidentally, just when Peter and Eva went to see Lola, she had come out of a coma.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Peter ended up kissing Pippi Puolaka in the ambulance, whom he and Eva had helped move in.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

As a result, their friendship was put on ice.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Peter and Pippi were in Pori for training days.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

They drank and ended up in bed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Peter, weeks later, told Eva that he was cheating on her, but failed to tell him that Pep was who he cheated on Eva with.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Peter and Pippi have ended up in bed again.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Since then, Eva and Peter divorced and Peter moved in with his brother Janne to live.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Peter later began dating Pep, and lives with him.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Peter is also on good terms with Pep's daughter, Taiga, although at first Taiga disliked Peter.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Lola Vinberg Lola Vinberg (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Sofia Arasola, 2017—) is the owner of Currant strip club and ex-fiancee of Peter Haukkala, who was involved in a car accident on the day of the couple's engagement and was subsequently in a coma for about three years.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Lola's official debut was seen in the episode aired on December 1, 2017, when she woke up in hospital and her face was revealed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

[1] Nonetheless, Lola's hands have been shown as early as spring 2017.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Before the accident, Lola bought strip club Heruka for one euro.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Lola moved in with Eva and Peter to temporarily rehabilitate.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nonetheless, she is very much looking forward to moving into her own home.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

This came to fruition when Lola finally got to move to Amanda.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Since then, Lola moved to Alissa Nikkinen as a roommate in Pihlaikadu.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

She also lost Heruka because the minor youth of Pihlakadu held a party there, and in addition to that, Lola had inadvertently hired Benjamin Taalasmaa, who had lied to her minor age and name, to work for Currant.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Lola got a new job at Moses.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Lola has been dating Kari Taalasmaa, but nothing bigger than a small crush happened between them.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Janne Haukkala began to take an interest in Lola, who is herself somewhat attracted to Janne, though she doesn't admit it.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Helenius, Vaalanne Viola Helenius Viola Helenius (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Annalisa Tyrväinen 2015—2016, Vivi Wahlström 2016—) arrived on the series as the younger sister of the late Anton Helenius, but in autumn 2016 it was discovered that Linda Eerän, who is considered to be her older sister, is her mother, meaning that Anton is Viola's uncle and not brother.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Although Viola did not know that Linda was her mother but considered her sister and grandmother Päivi Helenius to be her mother until the secret was revealed to her in March 2017.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

A brief interlude between Linda and Viola ensued.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Aaro Vaalanne is Linda's father and Viola's grandfather.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Viola's father was Linda's youth love, Pauli, who committed suicide after being manipulated by Aaron.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Initially, Viola arrived on the set after getting to know Severi Sievinen via the Instagram app.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

The pair saw each other randomly, which is why Viola thought the pair were dating.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

List of Considered Lives of the television series

When Viola found out that Severi didn't think about it that way, he was hurt and lied to Anton about Severi putting his hand under Viola's shirt.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Eventually Viola told the truth and the matter became clear.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Sever's half-brother Jiri didn't like that Viola and Severi were dating and also exchanged one kiss.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Eventually, Jiri allowed them to meet each other.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Viola and Sever became friends and attended the same middle school.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the spring of 2017, Severi and Viola kissed for a more recent time and began dating.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

It didn't last long, however, as Sever had to move in with his foster father Lasse in Vaasa.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

The pair said goodbye to each other in front of Pihlajakatu 23 B and apparently continued the relationship as a long-distance relationship.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

The following week, however, Viola ended up kissing with her half-brother Benjamin Taalasmaa.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

They had a minor secret relationship going on which Nella, hated by Viola, found out about and sent a picture of Benjamin and Viola to Sever.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the fall of 2017, Viola and Benjamin went to the park, being watched by a mystical person.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

The person was revealed to be Sever, who saw them kissing.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Severi was determined to come and get revenge on Viola.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Viola and Benjamin's relationship was revealed to Linda and Kari in October 2017.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Kari and Linda did not initially approve of the relationship, but later Linda accepted Benjamin and Viola's relationship.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin and Viola ended up in bed at Kari's auto repair shop, but after that, Viola nevertheless felt she's not ready for sex in the future.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later the following spring, Benjamin left Viola and she began dating Sever again.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the spring of 2018, Viola's mother Linda was caught taking bribes, and went to prison.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

That's why Aaro moved to Viola to take care of this.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

They later received eviction from their landlord, Jir, and were forced to move to the parish premises.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Viola has complained about the apartment once if the other, but Aaron thinks the apartment is very good for the two of them.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Viola's backpack became a mouse during a lesson in the middle of a spot test and since then she's been bullied at school.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Aaro Vaalanne Kuulas, Polakka, Kauvaara Sergei Kuula Taiga Kuula Taiga Helena Kuula (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Saara Kytö 2013—2014, Daniela Hoffström 2015, 2016, 2018—) is the daughter of Pippi Puolaka and Sergei Kuula, who was born while the Kuula family was kidnapped in Siberia.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Taiga had suffered from oxygen starvation during childbirth and after the birth she experienced seizures.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

According to doctors, Taiga has a high-grade cerebral palsy, so she may never learn to move, eat or speak properly (but she seems to have learned those skills).


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Taiga visited his father a few times in Helsinki in 2015 and 2016.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Taiga returned to the series in June 2018.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Taiga had great difficulty accepting her mother's male friend Peter Haukkala.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

While Taiga and Peter spent the day together, Taiga, who is on the run, stumbled upon his father, Sergei, thought to be dead.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Pippi Puolakka Aino Kaukovaara Aino Kaukovaara (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Janna Ilmanen 2008—2010, Jasmin Voutilainen 2018—, as well as in the film Nightmare 2 — The Nightmare Continues and the spin off series Saddle) is the only daughter of Panu and Iris Kaukovaara and Otto's twin sister.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Aino had always been bitter over the disappearance of his mother, Iris, and regarded his mother as a traitor.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In Iris' absence, Aino considered Panu's then wife Veera Puolaka as his mother.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After Iris returned, Aino ran away to the seaside, where Sebastian Vuorela found him.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

However, Aino forgave her mother and was soon very happy about her parents' reunion.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Aino left Pihlaikadu behind when he moved with Panu, Sampo and Otto back to his hometown of Lahti.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Aino appeared in the online series Saddle, which aired in 2015.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

At the time, Aino wanted to find out the death of his brother


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

The intervals between Aino and Janne Haukkala were converging at that time.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Finally, it was discovered that Otto had died saving Ulla's cousin, Ulpu's grandchild, from a cold lake.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Aino returned to the series in November 2018 when he happened to be a venue for the opening of Ismo's new Delismo convenience store and through a few coincidences, Ismo hired him as a permanent employee at Delismo.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Laitelat, Korhonen Ismo Laitela Kalle Laitela Jutta Korhonen Jutta Korhonen (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Maarit Poussa 2014, 2016, 2017—) is Iida Mustonen's biological father Juha Korhonen, who left Iida and Maria while Iida was still a baby.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Juha later underwent gender correction surgery from male to female, and changed her name to Jutta Korhonen.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Jutta lied to Iida for a long time about Juha being dead, but nevertheless became remorseful about lying and decided to tell her daughter the truth.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Jutta and Iida are on good terms, although at first Iida was angry with Juta for not being able to tell her earlier.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Jutta visited the series later because Linda Eerän called her about being worried about Anton and Iida.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Jutta found out about their drug use.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Iida claimed to Juta that he would stop taking drugs.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After Iida overdosed, Jutta advised that Iida be transferred to another medical facility.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Jutta returned to the series after visiting Ismo Laitela's shop.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

He said the fruit in the store was roe and Ismo got upset about this, so he threw Juta out of the store.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Jutta and Iida collided with Ulla Taalasmaa in a stairwell.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Soon Ulla figured out to set up a date for Ismo to give him a boost.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

On the date, it was revealed that Ismo's date was Jutta, which Ismo wasn't happy about.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Iida moved in with Juta to live in Hyvinkää.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After hearing about Sebastian and Iida's relationship, Jutta came to berate Sebastian and hit him.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Ismo and Jutta started online dating, not knowing that they were chatting all the time to each other.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After a long time they met, but went off to run away from each other, and avoided each other.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Ismo and Jutta got stuck in Moose's elevator, and nearly kissed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After Juta confessed to having a crush on Ismo, they later come across in the stairwell and Ismo kissed Jutta.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Since then, they contemplated each other and kissed more than once.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

They later tried to have sex, but Ismo and Jutta become convinced that fate is against them.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

They decided they would see them at the beach the next morning, or stop trying.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Both showed up at the beach, which resulted in Jutta and Ismo starting dating.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Problems have arisen in the relationship on more than one occasion, but the duo have always gotten over them.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Mustavaara, Axelssons, Similä Dahlia Mustavaara Dahlia Mustavaara (es.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Inkeri Mertanen, 2016—) is the biological mother of Monica Mustavaara, adoptive mother of Camilla Axelsson, as well as Gunnar's ex-wife.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Dahlia and Gunnar have a secret that no one knows about.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Dahlia has good relationships with Monica, unlike Camilla, whom she doesn't get along with.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Camilla doesn't even agree to call this her mother, even though they have tried even in some way to agree between them.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

It is later revealed that Camilla isn't even Dahlia and Gunnar's biological daughter but has been adopted from another family and has an identical twin sister, Satu.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

He also has a granddaughter, Magnus Mustavaara, who is Monica's son.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Dahlia appeared at Rowan Street when Camilla told her about her father's illness and that she wanted Monica and Gunnar to agree between them.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

At first, Dahlia was not interested in coming, but she changed her mind when she heard Gunnar was dating.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Dahlia is wealthy and lives in a mansion she owns.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Dahlia tried to get Gunnar to divorce her new spouse, Ulla, and call off the wedding, but sort of succeeded and Gunnar married Alissa Nikkinen.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nowadays, Gunnar is dating Ulla Taalasmaa again.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Dahlia ended up in bed with Seppo Taalasmaa.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Since then, she has also dated Ismo Laitula, whom she financially assisted in redeveloping Ismo's convenience store.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gunnar Mustavaara Gunnar Valdemar Mustavaara [2] (born 29 June 1947 [2], ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Antti Seppä, 2016—2017, Raimo Grönberg [3], 2017—) is the adoptive father of Camilla Axelsson, the biological father of Monica Mustavaara and the former husband of Dahlia Mustavaara.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nowadays, he's dating Ulla Taalasmaa.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gunnar Mustavaara has once worked as a diplomat in Pretoria [4] and also in other parts of the world.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gunnar was the only one to enter the seniors' chat circle organized by Ulla at the mall.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Since then, Ulla and Gunnar got to know each other more at dinner, but due to a false phone number accidentally given by Gunnar, the pair lost contact with each other for the time being.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Both, however, tried to find each other at the mall.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

It is later discovered that Gunnar is the father of the Mustavaara sisters, Camilla and Monica, who live in the same house as Ulla.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In addition, in the fall of 2016, it emerged that Gunnar suffers from Alzheimer's disease.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gunnar was meant to keep the matter a secret, but after many twists and turns, several residents of Pihlakadu found out about it.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gunnar's symptoms worsened during the fall of 2016.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Gunnar proposed to Ulla and in the spring of 2017, the couple started planning a wedding.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gunnar's former wife Dahlia, however, tried to sabotage the wedding's arrangement by, for example, swapping Gunnar's memory drugs for others.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the closing episode 2017, it was discovered that Gunnar eventually married Alissa Nikkinen, who cheated on him, but Gunnar almost immediately wanted to divorce and their divorce took effect in January 2018.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the autumn, Gunnar and Alissa became involved when Camilla killed all of Gunnar's credit cards and told her that Alissa had tried to extract two million euros from her.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gunnar filed divorce papers.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

He later bumped into Alissa in the street and she said he would threaten Gunnar if he had to.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Alissa also said she wished Gunnari would die.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After Alissa left to walk away from the scene, she glanced behind her and saw Gunnar lying on the tram rails and the tram coming from behind.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Alissa saved Gunnar despite his words.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Camilla gave Alissa as a thank you Amanda gift card, but Alissa was left homeless.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later in November 2017, Gunnar got back together with Ulla.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nowadays they live together, even though they were in a bad feud after Gunnar was caught on a nighttime adventure with the Tamara stripper who blackmailed her.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the fall 2018 episodes, it is discovered that Camilla is not Gunnar and Dahlia's biological child, but has been adopted.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gunnar and Dahlia had collectively kept the matter secret from everyone.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

But what Gunnar didn't know was that Camilla has an identical twin sister.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Dahlia, years ago, bribed Camilla and Satu's biological mother and some authorities with money so as not to mention a twin sister in Camilla's adoption papers, and did not tell Gunnar about it either.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Magnus Mustavaara Magnus Mustavaara (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Ukko Sirén, 2017—) is a baby boy born in 2017 to Monica Mustavaara and Jiri Viitamäki.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Magnus was born into the sauna in Pihlaikadu, where Eva Tamminen found him and Monica, who was stained with blood and lost consciousness when she gave birth.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Monica and Magnus both still survived childbirth.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Monica and Jiri have friction because Magnus fell to the floor while visiting Jiri for treatment and therefore Monica doesn't trust Jiri.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Gradually, Monica has built a new trust between her and Jiri, resulting in Magnus being able to get to Jiri once again even for the night.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Monica was at one point of the opinion that she was not going to prove Jiri's paternity, but came to the decision in late 2017 that Jir would officially become Magnus's father.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the spring of 2018, Magnus contracted measles as a result of Monica's failure to vaccinate Magnus.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Magnus became infected with brain fever after contracting measles, which was to take his life, but Magnus nevertheless survived a brain fever.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After this, Monica and Jiri decided to start a family and get married, but the union ended after only a few months in divorce.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Monica moved to Espoo and exited the series.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Camilla Axelsson Noel Axelsson Noel Axelsson (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Jarkko Miettinen, 2018—) is a lawyer who is married to Camilla Axelsson.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Earlier, Camilla fled abroad in her guilt cat after Alissa Nikkinen was poisoned.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Monica received a phone call from her sister telling her that Camilla is no longer suspected of poisoning Alissa.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Camilla, staying in the same hotel room with Noel, informed Noel that, by way of departure from the previous plan, they will return to Helsinki.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Noel and Camilla took up residence in Pihlakadu.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Fairy Tale Similä Fairy Tale Similä (es.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nora Rinne, 2018—) is Camilla Axelsson's identical twin sister.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Camilla and Satu met by chance when Satu arrived at Inn Amanda for a job interview.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

It is later discovered that Camilla is not Gunnar and Dahlia's biological child, but has been adopted.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Dahlia was bribed years ago by Camilla and Satu's biological mother and a few authorities with money so as not to include any mention of a twin sister in Camilla's adoption papers.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

With the help of a private investigator, fairy tale was able to find out the identity of her and Camilla's biological mother and told Camilla about the mother.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nikkinen Aki Nikkinen Alissa Nikkinen Talaslands Benjamin Talasmaa Benjamin Taalasmaa [5] (ex.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Desolate, es.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Lucas Ahokas 2009—2010, Aaron Bojang 2017—) is the Kenyan adopted child of Noora Autio and Kari Taalasmaa.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin's biological mother had been Noora's client in Kenya and when Benjamin's mother died, Noora adopted Benjamin.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin was seen in Pihlaikattu back in 2009-10, when he didn't know Finnish more than a few words and the visit was cut short when he moved to Kenya with his adoptive parents.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin also has a half-sister, Oona Kiviranta, who lives in France, aka Kari's biological child.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Oona lives there with her spouse Miro Holm and their common child, who is not seen in the series, but to whom Benjamin is an uncle.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin is also the cousin of Tale Taalasmaa.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin returned back to Pihlaikadu in March 2017, when he spoke Finnish as a native language.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

[6] In addition, his surname had been changed to Talasmaa in Kenya.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin became infatuated with Viola Helenius, who is the daughter of Kari's conjugal wife, Linda, on the day of his return.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin opened up about his crush on Viola and the pair kissed in an episode aired in late March 2017.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Noorakin came to Pihlakatdu and hoped Benjamin would come back to Kenya.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Severi tells Linda and Kari that Benjamin and Viola are dating, so the relationship between the family is temporarily badly inflamed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After Kari and Linda split, the duo were allowed to start dating again.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin and Viola ended up having sex, which, however, was not to Viola's liking.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Benjamin would have liked to try again, but after finding the relationship futile, he left Viola and she began dating Sever again.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Since then, Benjamin dated for a short time with Nella.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Ilya Taalasmaa Ilya Taalasmaa (ex.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Pohjonen, es.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Ruupertti Arponen, 2015—) is the son child of Sanni Taalasmaa and Lari Väänänen, who was conceived by accident.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Initially, Janne was suspected of being the father of Ilya, who did not want to become a father, so Sanni's boyfriend Tale Taalasmaa promised to act as the child's father.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

However, after Ilya was born, Janne became interested in her child's life and secretly undertook a paternity test to verify her paternity.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

To Janne's surprise, the paternity test turned out to be negative.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After the test results, Lari remembered spending a night together with Sanni in Moose's back room, the night the child was conceived.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the spring 2016 episodes, Ilya was kidnapped from a pram on the terrace of the cafe.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

He was thought to have drowned, but in reality he had been abducted.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

It was later revealed that Ilya had been kidnapped by the social authority Moilanen.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

When Elias and Lauri came to her rescue with a gun, the bullet accidentally hit Lari, but nothing happened to Elias and Ilya.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Lari suffered serious injuries but recovered to the way he was.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After Tale and Sanni married, Tale became Ilya's adoptive father and Ilya's surname was changed to Taalasmaa.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In autumn 2017, Ilja got a new playmate, Rasmus Joenperä, when Tale got to know Rasmus's mother, Tiina Järvisen.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Tale left the picture in the fall of 2018 when his union with Sanni ended in separation as a result of Tale falling in love with Tina.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Ilya stayed alone with Sanni.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Kari Taalasmaa Sanni Taalasmaa Ulla Taalasmaa Viitamäki, Oaks, Sievinen Jiri Viitamäki Eva Tamminen Nella Tamminen (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Sonja Kasurinen, 2014—2018, Emma Nopanen, 2018—) is the daughter of Eva Tamminen and Jiri Viitamäki, who has been raised almost entirely by Eva alone.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

He has a younger half-brother, Magnus Mustavaara, whose mother is his mother's good friend Monica Mustavaara.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nella had a serious heart condition, for which she had to visit a lot in hospital.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

However, Nella received the heart transplant she needed from Paula Sievise.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

After Nella got to know Sever and Sever found out his mother Paula's heart was on Nella, he didn't want to see Nella again.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Today, Severi and Nella are on good terms.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Nella became infatuated with Sever, which Sever's girlfriend Viola found out about.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Viola and Severi were also about to run away, but after Nella heard about the plan, she went to tell her about it, so Viola and Severi were unable to run away.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Severi and Viola were angry about it with Nella.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

When Viola's affair with Benjamin was revealed to Nella, she decided to send a picture of the pair to Sever, who moved to Vaasa, who decided to return to Helsinki to get revenge on Viola.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

In the spring of 2017, Nella bumped into a boy who was attracted to and eventually wanted to find him.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

The relationship between Nella and Viola had become more intense when Nuutti Blacksmith, the same boy Nella ran into at the ratika, arrived at their class.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

They drifted into fighting in class, which is why the girls' mothers have also become inflamed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Nella and Severi left to visit Ismo's Choice, where Nella ran into Nuutti.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nella thought Nuutti had a crush on Viola, but she told him she hoped Nella was free.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nuutti thought Nella and Sever were dating.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, Nella texts him not to be together with Sever.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

At school, Nuutti asked Nella to be together with him.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nella agreed and they decided to skip school.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nella and Nuutti kissed and started dating.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Later, as they skipped once again for class, Jiri caught them kissing.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

She was against Nella and Nuuti dating and wanted the pair to break up any sooner, which also happened when Nuutti left Nella.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Nella briefly dated Benjamin Taalasmaa, but they split up after Nella learned Benjamin was peeping at Nella's mother Eva in the shower and the fact that Benjamin left Viola when she didn't want to have sex with Benjamin.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Severi Sievinen Other persons Tero Puustinen Tero Puustinen (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Leo Kirjonen) was an inpatient administrator at a hospital run by Kalle in Helsinki.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Kalle betrayed Sami from Kosi with Tero, where in the same Kalle got chlamydia from Tero.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

However, Tero did not leave Kalle alone as he wanted to stay away from Tero.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Tero was born obsessed with Kalle and therefore murdered Sami Kosonen in episode 3500.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Tero also confessed during the same interrogations to murdering his grandmother, Tyyne Puustinen in the hope of inheritance.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Mira Mira (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Olga Heikkala) is a grader and student body president of Benjamin, Sever, Nella, and Viola.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Mira has shown interest in Sever.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Sami Kosonen Sami Kosonen (ed.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Rauli Ylitalo, 2015—2019) is a police officer by profession.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Sami was first seen back when Aaro Vaalanne turned himself in to the police.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

She was then known as a colleague and friend of Linda Eerkäinen.


Question: What year was Kerttu Rissanen born?

Since then, Kosonen has been involved in investigations including the murder of Heikki Pohonen, the death of Elias Vikstedt and the disappearance of Anton Helenius.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

In the spring of 2017, she met Kalle Laitela in a bar and introduced herself to him under the name Petteri.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

After a bar night, he traps Kalle in his basement.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

However, it was revealed to be a lie, because really they wanted to catch Mikael Salo.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Later, Sami went on a date with Kalle and the pair kissed.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

They started dating, but after Sam found out about Kalle's alcohol problem, he said goodbye to Kalle.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

They later settled their dispute and tried to get along with each other, but because of Kalle's “touching” in the sauna, they were broken again.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Since then they continued to date even though both were on Tinder and Kalle met other men there.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Sami went after a dangerous criminal and his partner was injured.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Later, Sami ran into the same criminal and he stabbed him.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

After being stabbed, Sami moved to Kalle, but after being cured, he moved away from Kalle again.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Sami and Kalle continued together, but split up after Kalle admitted to Sam that she had cheated on him and infected chlamydia.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Later, however, they got back together.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Although, Kalle is also interested in her ex-boyfriend Lari and doesn't know what she should do about Kosose.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Kosonen was murdered in episode 3500.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Ulla Taalasmaa found Kosonen stabbed in the elevator early in the morning.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

The murderer was revealed to be Tyyne Pustinen's granddaughter, Tero Pustinen.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Tero Puustinen was a subordinate of Kalle Laitela, with whom he had cheated on Sam and thus contracted chlamydia, which unknowingly infected Sam.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Tero's obsession with Kalle emerged as the motive for the murder.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Just before the murder, Kalle had fired Tero, who worked as a plant custodian, who even after he was fired, was harassing Kalle.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Tero arrived behind Kalle's door, where Sami was screwing a nameplate on the door after the pair moved in together.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Sami asked Tero to leave and escorted him to an elevator, where Tero stabbed Sam to death.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Puustinen's fingerprints on the murder weapon revealed the perpetrator.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Tero Pustinen also admitted killing his nan, Tyyne Puuustinen.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Lari Vänänen Returning characters Aleksi Salin, played by Tuomas Kytömäki, will return to the series in spring 2019.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Linda Eerän, played by Monika Lindeman, will return to the series in spring 2019.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Tale Taalasmaa, performed by Emil Hallberg, will return to the series in spring 2019.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

Salla Laitela, played by Hanna Kinnunen, will return to the series in spring 2019.


Question: What year was Gretel Rissanen born?

See also List of Encrypted Lives in the television series Sources * Encrypted Lives


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The history and development of radar began when radio technology got its start.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The development of radar gained momentum from the pre-World War II equipment shield, and it has been linked to the armament race.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Since then, the use of radar has expanded to include civil aviation, commercial shipping, automobile speed measurements, and rainfall movement tracking.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[1] Beginning of radio engineering The Scotsman James Maxwell described the fundamentals of electromagnetism in his 1864 paper.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

He proposed that electromagnetic radiation behave wave-like as well as foreseeing, based on his calculations, that electromagnetic waves propagate at the speed of light.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[1] German Heinrich Hertz proved that electromagnetic radiation is reflected from metal objects.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In addition to this, he showed that electromagnetic signals can travel through the air.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In 1888, he proved the existence of electromagnetic radiation by constructing an instrument that could be used to produce radio waves.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[1] The first radar The first actual radar was built by German Christian Hülsmeyer, who developed a device called a telemobiloscope in the early 20th century.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

(The patent was granted in 1904.)


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The device was intended for use on ships.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

It sent out a signal that provided an echo if there was an obstacle on the ship's collision course.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

If the receiver caught an echo, it rang an alarm bell.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The range of the device was a few miles.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The radar developed by Hülsmeyer was based on a wide-band radio pulse produced by the spark gap, from which the resonant circuit formed by the antenna let through only the desired band of the spectrum.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

However, the telemobiloscope did not convince shipowners even after a successful demonstration, apparently because the newly invented radio telegram was believed to guarantee shipping safety.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Hülsmeyer tried in vain to market his invention to many other quarters as well, eventually becoming so embittered that he never did anything for radar again.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[2] Development accelerates as war approaches in the United States experimented with CW type radars (continuous wave, continuous wave) in the 1920s and 1930s.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

These radars were used to indicate, for example, the presence of a boat or aircraft.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In the 1930s, the Naval Research Laboratory began conducting experiments with pulsed radars, which also found out the distance of the target.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Initially, these radars were only used to measure the altitude of the ionosphere.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The development of the pulse radar was complicated by the simplicity of receiving electronics.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

As electronics developed and pulses were received reliably, pulsed radar could begin to be used to detect objects on the ground surface.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

By the end of 1936, a pulsed radar had been developed in the NRL with a range of approximately 40 km.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[3] In Germany, Dr. Hans E. Hollmann, Hans-Karl von Willisen and Günther Erbslöh founded a company called GEMA.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[4] Under Hollmann's direction, they built the first radar in 1934 for a 50 cm wavelength.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In 1935 they completed a fully functional aerial surveillance and target pointing radar for which it became named Freya, as well as its ship-mounted version called Seetakt.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In 1936, they also developed a pair for Freya, an anti-aircraft fire control radar, which became named Würzburg, and a control radar for night fighter aircraft, the Würzburg-Riese.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

They were used throughout the Second World War with great success, with over 6000 units produced for Freya radar stations.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[5] The same radars were also purchased from Germany to Finland in 1943.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[6] In Finland they used the names Raija (Freya), Riitta (Würzburg-Riese) and Irja (Würzburg-Dora).


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

They played a major role in the fight against the Grand Bombing of Helsinki in 1944.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[7] [8] Around that time, the word radar was adopted as the Finnish name of the equipment.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Its starting word is the old Finnish tool designation radar.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In France, Camille Gutton, a professor at the University of Nancy, conducted studies using UHF region radio engineering in 1927.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

A research facility called the Laboratori National Radioeletricitie (LNR) conducted research work by Pierre David.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The Sosiété Fancaise Radioéletrique (SFR), an industry company headed by Emil Cirardeau and the research director was Maurice Ponte, was also based in Paris.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Research work in radio engineering at the University of Paris was carried out by Professor René Mesny as early as the 1920's.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

To justify these studies, an electronic cutoff based on radar technology, a barrage électromagnéticue, emerged in the summer of 1934 on the Franco-German border.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Ponte also patented a device for detecting icebergs.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

There were two versions of it, powered by a 16 cm triode transmitter and an 80 cc magnetron transmitter.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

A 16 cm iceberg radar was placed on the passenger ship S/S Normandie in 1935.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

This was the first maritime radar to be in civilian use at a time when radar was the greatest military secret.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Robert Warneck, Gutton and Ponte, when the war had already begun, designed new magnetrons during 1940, which, however, were not yet cavity magnetrons, and as the German army approached Paris, Ponte fled to England carrying several magnetrons.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The data was attached to the data from the Boot-Randall magnetron and it can be considered that the advance was significant.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[9] s/s Normandie made its first voyage equipped with radar.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[10] Death ray?


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In England, Robert Watson-Watt, who was nobled in 1942 thanks to his work on radar development, was tasked in the 1930s to find out what the so-called death ray used against aircraft (see also energy weapon), rumoured by the Nazis, was all about.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The death ray turned out to be just a rumor.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Watson-Watt was inspired to find out with Arnold F. Wilkins how currents induced from radio waves into the airframe radiated.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

According to the study, airwaves could be used to detect aircraft.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

He handed over a report, “The Detection of Aircraft by Radio Methods”, to the United Kingdom Ministry of Aviation in 1935, which set out a radio positioning system giving early warning of an air attack.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[11] At the end of 1935, it was decided to design and implement the system.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The system was codenamed initially by RDF (Radio Direction Finding), later Chain Home.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In 1936, radar had achieved a 90-mile range.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The following year, the British began construction of a radar network on the south and east coasts of the country.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Originally, Chain Home's wavelength was planned to be around 50 metres, as it was thought it would give the best echo.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

A typical bomber had a wingspan of about 25 m at the time, which provided a half-wave dipole resonance.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Due to interference with other radio traffic, the wavelength was eventually dropped to about 10 metres.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The pulse repetition frequency was initially chosen as a very low 25 Hz (half the frequency of the power grid used to synchronize stations) because distant reflections from the ionosphere and ground level had to be eliminated.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

At the end of the war, about fifty Chain Home stations were in operation.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

At the end of the war, their operating frequency was around 20—30 MHz.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The peak power of the transmitters was initially 350 kW and later 750 kW.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Half-wave horizontal dipoles were used as transmitter antennas attached initially to four, later three steel masts 110 m high and 55 m apart aligned.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

Groups of crosswise dipoles mounted on four 73 m high wood masts were used as receiving antennas.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

So it was a bistatic radar.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In a technical sense, Chain Home's radars weren't much and their frequency range was quite disadvantageous.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

In a departure from the general fallacy, the battle for Britain was not won, strictly because of the excellence of the radars, but the decisive role was played by an effectively operated Briet battle command centre, combining data from radars and other aerial surveillance.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

[12] The device is the sum of its parts Component technology braked at the beginning of radar development.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

For example, the cathode ray tube used as a display device did not reach sufficient technical maturity until the turn of the 1920s and 30s.


Question: In what year is the energy weapon developed?

History of radar

The implementation of sufficiently good amplifiers became possible with the development of amplifier tube technology in the early 1930s.