Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[24] He was also elected on 1 February 1950 as Speaker of the 1950 Riksdag.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[25] In the presidential election of 1950, Kekkonen was the candidate of the Agrarian League and competed in his campaign, especially with the sitting President J. K. Paasikivi.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In the elections, Kekkonen received 62 electors, Mauno Pekkala of SKDL 67 and Paasikivi who won the election 171.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Although Kekkonen did not win the election, his extensive electoral tours managed to pave the way for his victory in the next presidential election.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

When Fagerholm's government fell on 1 March 1950, Kekkonen went to discuss with Paasikivi on the issue of government.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen was tasked with forming a government and his first government was appointed on 17 March 1950.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[26] [24] This was followed by four more Kekkonen governments, some of which were short-lived during the broken politically period.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[27] Already when forming his first government, Kekkonen justified both his own leading role and the composition of the government primarily in terms of relations between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Towards the end of his first reign, Kekkonen began to place increasing emphasis on the 1948 YYA agreement between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

It later became a downright fundamentalist text in Finnish political life.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[28] Kekkonen began to secure his political position with relations with the East, and so he managed time and time again to repel both attempts to topple governments and to remain prime minister himself.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

When Kekkonen was successfully cranked out of the prime minister's seat in 1953, he hinted the Soviet Union might lose confidence in Finland.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

President Paasikivi felt such a coupling was “politically dangerous.”


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[29] In 1954, the government of Kekkonen V was appointed, serving as President of Kekkonen until his election in March 1956.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[30] Minister Reinhold Svento recorded in his memoir My friend Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1960) J. K. Paasikivi's good assessment of Urho Kekkonen: Time as President 1956—1962: First term as President of the Republic Urho Kekkonen was elected in 1956, when he won by an elective vote of 151 to 149 for their opposing candidates, the Social Democrats K.-A.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Fagerholm.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In the presidential election, Kekkonen had put 88 electors behind him, so he needed support from other groups of electors.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The decisive support was that the SKDL selectors' team voted for him unanimously, as did the majority of the People's Party.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The missing “one vote” giver has never been reliably found out.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[28] The fact that votes were cast across the front several and from both sides is also considered possible.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[31] According to KGB General Viktor Vladimirov, Kekkonen's victory was guaranteed by Soviet bribery, missing votes were bought and Kekkonen's election was secured.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[32] The United States refused to congratulate Kekko.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Secretary of State John Foster Dulles pronounced that “On the occasion of Kekkonen's taking office, we do not offer congratulations.”


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[33] SAK declared a general strike which began on the day of the inauguration of the new president, March 1, 1956.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

SAK has never admitted the strike was political, but the election of Kekkonen has been alleged to have contributed to the labor struggle.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

At the beginning of his presidency, Kekkonen tried to keep a low profile, especially in domestic politics.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[29] Kekkonen's term as president marked the transition to a new era also due to the fact that by the end of his first year in office none of his predecessors were still alive.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Risto Ryti had died in October and Paasikivi in December 1956.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[34] On 28 January 1957 at 6:00pm there was a crash on the Porvoo highway 18 kilometres east of Helsinki in which three people were killed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen, who hit the scene, ordered his chauffeur, Kalle Westerlund, to transport one of the injured (the ambulance driver) to Helsinki in the presidential official car.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[35] During Kekkonen's second presidential year 1957, there was a shooting incident in which an unknown perpetrator fired towards the President's summer residence in Naantali Kultaranta while Kekkonen and his family were spending midsummer.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Reportedly, at Kekkonen's personal request, the incident was completely silent.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Threats to Kekkonen personally were common and the president has been interpreted as wanting to avoid further inflaming moods.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In Kultaranta's diary, the incident was noted as a window shattered.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[36] When a broad-based majority government in Fagerholm, later called the Night Frost Government, was formed in August 1958, the Soviet Union quietly demonstrated against it.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

President Kekkonen echoed the criticism and was instrumental in bringing the government down in December.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Investigators are not unanimous about Kekkonen's motives.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] Due to the fall of the Fagerholm government, forming majority governments became difficult and was not capable for some time.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Therefore, there was a compulsion to resort to minority governments that mainly leaned towards the Agrarian League.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Internal divisions within the Social Democrats added to the fragmentation of domestic politics.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Still, Kekkonen tenaciously sought to combine his own re-election, the formation of a majority government and his foreign policy ambitions, sending messages to the Soviet leadership that no one else in Finland knew about.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[38] In October 1961, Kekkonen travelled on a three-week state visit to the United States and Canada.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In the United States, the host of the visit was John F. Kennedy, who took office as president in early 1961.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

During the visit, Kekkonen gave a speech at the UN General Assembly in New York in which he characterized Finland's role in resolving international crises as a doctor rather than a judge.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The programme also included several meetings with Finns of America and finally Kekkonen travelled to Hawaii to relax.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[39] As early as April 1961, Kekkonen planned to dissolve the parliament and so influence the coalition, which threatened to go up against him in the presidential election as the candidate of former Attorney General Olavi Honka.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The Soviet Union sent a note at the end of October citing the escalated international situation and demanding military consultations under the YYA treaty.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

When Noot came, Kekkonen was in Hawaii, but he did not interrupt his visit to the United States, instead sending Foreign Minister Ahti Karjalainen to Moscow to account for Noot's background and returned to the homeland himself according to the original schedule a few days later.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[40] For example, according to Tuure Junnila, Veikko Vennamo, Anatoly Golitsyn, Viktor Vladimirov and Hannu Rautkallio, the note was designed by Kekkonen together with the KGB [41].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Honka renounced the candidacy and Kekkonen received 111 electors in the Presidential Electoral Election held in January 1962.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He was re-elected in the 1962 election as president by 199 votes.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[17] 1962—1968: The second period as a result of the Nootti Crisis has been considered that there was no real opposition in Finland anymore and Kekkonen achieved a strong position as Finland's political leader, later acquiring even questionable traits.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[1] Kekkonen tried to put the support of the majority of the parties behind him, because without it the President could not have long exercised his power fully.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In order for the party to hold government responsibility, it had to show Kekkonen its foreign policy trustworthiness, that is, to accept Kekkonen and his foreign policy lines.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

For example, the Coalition got into the government of Johannes Estonia after the note crisis, having demonstrated its loyalty to Kekko.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[23] In the spring of 1964, Kekkonen signaled to his old party, the Agrarian League, that V. J. Sukselainen, who had led the party throughout the post-war period, was to be ousted, and in the summer 1964 party congress Johannes Virolainen defeated Sukselainen in the presidency with a narrow majority of votes.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In the autumn of the same year, in a speech at the Helsinki Workers' House, Kekkonen expressed his readiness to come halfway to the Social Democrats across the Pitkänbridge and, if necessary, over.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

This is how the SDP, whose presidency had been Rafael Paasio the previous year, began to look like a real alternative to becoming a governing party again.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[42] The SDP achieved a major victory in the 1966 parliamentary elections and, after an 18-year hiatus, a Popular Front government was formed under Rafael Paasio and with the support of Urho Kekkonen.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[43] Kekkonen exercised a lot of power also through personal relationships.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He kept in regular contact not only with his study-time comrades, but also with his hunting, fishing and skiing buddies.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

For young people, he held so-called children's invitations at his official residence in Tamminiemi.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He raised himself creditmen for state government, all major parties and business, especially state corporations.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He also had a lot of artist friends.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen was immediate by nature and knew how to socialise with different people and social circles long before networking became a fashion concept.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[1] According to Jukka Tarka's characterisation, Kekkonen was, to ordinary citizens, a father figure listening to their concerns with a sensitive ear, but also a rumbling manor who did not tolerate disarray with his accounts.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Public criticism weighed and indignant on the president, but his official position limited his ability to engage in open social debate.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[44] Kekkonen spent his free time preferably with non-politicians and political assistants.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The established fishing troupe, of which Kekkonen was the focus, was originally a genuine group of friends.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The troupe's lineup changed in the early years of the 1970s, when it was joined by business leaders who would publish long-distance tours and host presidential visits to Lapland's reel cabins.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

However, the paymen participated in the catching rituals only for the sake of form, because in reality, they sought, with the help of the president, to advance the interests of their companies and also their own career development.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[45] Neste Oy President Uolevi Raade directed the US company Lummus to organise fishing trips to Alaska and South America for the President.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[46] During Kekkonen's second term from German-speaking Central Europe, the concept of “Finnization” was also filtered into Finnish political speech.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Part of it was the perception that only Kekkonen had the exclusive right to interpret Soviet messages.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[47] [48] In March 1964, Kekkonen made a visit to Estonia, where the host was Estonian party leader Johannes Käbin.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen's entourage included his young friends Academician Gustav Vilkuna, Professor of Finnish Language at the University of Helsinki Lauri Hakulinen and Professor of Baltic Finnish Languages Lauri Posti, with whom he had prepared a greeting speech at the University of Tartu for Estonians.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The visit was recently criticised in Sweden and West Germany, as Kekkonen was thus considered to have recognised the Baltic countries belonging to the Soviet Union.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Finnish newspapers included Helsingin Sanomat and Kauppalehti, as well as outdoor Estonians.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Max Jakobson, it became apparent only much later that Kekkonen's visit had actually had a strong mental impact on the Estonians living in isolation.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The visit of the Finnish head of state showed that they had not been forgotten in Finland and gave them faith again in their own national future.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

A tangible result of the visit was the start of passenger ship services between Helsinki and Tallinn after a hiatus of more than a quarter of a century in May 1965.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[49] 1968—1978: Third term In addition to the 1968 elections, Kekkonen, in addition to his own party's Agrarian Union, was supported in advance by the Popular Front government formed in 1966, consisting of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP), SKDL and the Social Democratic Party of Working People and Small Farmers Federation (TPSL).


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

When an exemption bill introduced by parties that were part of the Popular Front government failed to win an adequate majority, they put Kekkonen up as their candidate.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He was elected in the first round of the election with the support of 201 electors.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[28] However, Kekkonta was indignant by the success of his opposing candidate and longtime political rival Veikko Vennamo (33 electors) and his election campaign openly against Kekkonta.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[50] If Kekkonen was bound to cooperation in domestic policy, he may have acted sovereigntically in foreign policy.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He sometimes used no aides other than credit people of his own choosing, who most often came from the State Department.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In the 1960s, Kekkonen took foreign policy initiatives on the Nordic nuclear-free zone [51], the border peace with Norway, and the meeting on security and cooperation in Europe.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The aim was to avoid applying the YYA treaty so that Finland and the Soviet Union would have begun military cooperation, and thus to strengthen Finland's push for a policy of neutrality.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968, neutrality was even more troublesome.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen informed the Russians in 1970 that he would not continue as president and the YYA treaty would not be extended unless the Soviet Union continued to agree to recognize Finland's neutrality.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] The 1970 parliamentary elections marked the end of Popular Front cooperation.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen became active in domestic politics even as the de facto Prime Minister and participated in negotiations on revenue policy in the form of a so-called FAQ agreement.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[29] The background was the metal strike of 1971, which inspired Aleksei Beljakov, the active Soviet ambassador to Finland, to foment even the organisation of a revolution in the country.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

After the domestic political situation calmed, Belyakov returned to his homeland with few votes.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[52] Kekkonen's third presidential term was exceptionally extended.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The season was initially only scheduled to continue until 1974.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In January 1973, a waiver law was enacted, extending the term for four years.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

It was the third time in Finland that a head of state was elected to office without elections and opposing candidates.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Previously, Gustaf Mannerheim was elected state administrator of Finland in December 1918, following a desire to break away from the German trend, and president in August 1944 when there was a desire to break away from the Continuation War and ties with Germany.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

There are different understandings on the background of exceptional law in historical studies.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Martti Häikö's interpretation, Kekkonen first forced Ahti Karjalainen to propose an extension in January 1972.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He then appointed Rafael Paasio's minority government in February and called for an emergency law in April before the biggest parties, the Social Democrats and the Centre Party, would field their own candidates at party conferences in the summer.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In particular, Ahti Karjalainen, who had been considered Kekkonen's mantle heir, and Johannes Virolainen, who was popular in the field and chairman of the centre.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[53] It was not easy to push through the exceptional law, as it could only be enacted by a majority of 5/6 in Parliament.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In order to bring a majority behind the law, it was created in support of a political package with three parts: an emergency law, a free trade agreement with the EEC of the European Economic Community, and safeguard laws increasing the state's economic regulatory powers, which were advocated by the left.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Despite the package, Kalevi Sorsa's government failed to assemble the necessary qualified majority, so Kekkonen threatened in December that he would not be available for president.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Publicly, he claimed the so-called Zavidovo memo, which was leaked to the public in October, concerning discussions between him and the Soviet leadership, as the reason.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The exemption law was passed in January 1973 by a vote of 170—28 and Kekkonen's term was extended for four years until 1978.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] Urho Kekkonen's relations with Helsingin Sanomat, the kingdom's largest newspaper, remained cool for a long time after the wars, but warmed up in the early years of the 1970s.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen and HS's longtime power figure Eljas Erkko had each sat in the pre-war Cajander government, and both had been prominent opponents of the far-right movement.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

After the wars, Kekkonen and Erko's perceptions of the Motherland interest differed sharply; Kekkonen felt that Moscow's might had to be recognized as fact, while Erkko sought Finnish support from the West.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The cold intervals continued even in the period of Eljas Erko's son Aatos Erko.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

When the waiver law project surfaced in the spring of 1972, HS was initially staunchly opposed to it.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

However, attitudes changed when a free trade agreement with the EEC was linked to the extension of Kekkonen's term.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The agreement, which came into force at the beginning of 1974, pushed Finland strongly towards the West, as Erko wanted, and HS's attitude towards Kekkonta softened.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[54] The death of Sylvi Kekkonen in early December 1974 was a very heavy blow for Urho Kekkonen.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Johannes Virolainen, among others, Kekkonen's internal political grips became more drastic since then.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[18] In 1975, Kekkonen hosted the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in Helsinki.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The event is considered the culmination of Kekkonen's career.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In that year, Kekkonen was featured as one of the most viable candidates for the Nobel Peace Prize; Thorbjörn Fälldin, chairman of the Swedish Centre Party, had already proposed the prize to Kekkonen at the end of January before the OSCE.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

However, the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Grand Priorities awarded the prize to the Soviet nuclear physicist Andrei Sakharov.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[55] [56] 1978—1982: Season 4 When serious opponents and contenders offered a real alternative did not appear, Kekkonen's power expanded, according to some estimates, even in some respects too strong.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The culmination of this exercise of power can be considered 1975.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen had dissolved parliament and hosted the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in Helsinki.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Already at that point, he allowed himself to be chosen as the presidential candidate of the Social Democrats and the centrist for the 1978 elections.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The SDP had time to ask the head of state to run for the nomination even before the centrist party.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In the autumn, Kekkonen “rung” the leaders of the Popular Front parties present in front of television cameras into the emergency government led by Martti Miettunen.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[23] The 1978 presidential election was a triumph for the sitting president.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

When Kekkonen was also installed as its candidate by the National Coalition, he received 82% of the vote and 260 electors, supported by the four major parties.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

For the Kekkos coalition, only one Coalition defector left behind Raino Westerholm, the candidate of the Christian Union of Finland.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] In the summer of 1978, Kekkonen and General Lauri Sutela, commander of the defence forces, rejected a proposal by the Soviet Minister of Defence, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, who visited Finland, for joint Finnish and Soviet military exercises.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[57] In the summer of 1979, the so-called Midsummer Bomb arose when Urho Kekkonen reproached the President of the Parliament, Johannes Estonian, for having “given false testimony about Finland's foreign policy” in his interview to Kuvalehti in Finland.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Kekkonen, Estonia had again brought to full strength the debate on Finnishness, which Kekkonen felt that during his state visit to the Federal Republic of Germany a little earlier had succeeded in extinguishing.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[58] Throughout the 1970s, rumours began to circulate about the deteriorating health of the head of state and fluctuations in mental mood.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In televised New Year's speeches, for example, the deterioration in the president's condition was often clearly noticeable.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

However, publicity and media sought to silence these rumors as a rule because they wanted to respect the privacy of the head of state.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[59] In all silence, the Ministry of Justice began to prepare for the possibility that Kekkonen would have to leave office before 1984, and the Permanent Secretary Kai Korte deposited the documents relating to the resignations of Kyösti Kallio and Gustaf Mannerheim.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[60] The condition of Kekkonen was reported afterwards to have been particularly bad in the winter of 1980.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

During the winter and spring of 1981, the president's power had fluctuated sharply and in this case he had seriously considered suspending his tenure.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[61] The end of Kekkonen's sovereign power has been marked by April 1981, when Prime Minister Mauno Koivisto refused to resign, despite the fact that he had been quite explicitly urged to do so from Tamminiemi.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Koivisto broke the Kekkonen pattern by pointing out that, according to the Constitution, the government in Finland must enjoy the confidence of the Parliament and not the president in the first place.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[37] The event has also been considered to have marked the beginning of the final collapse of Kekkonen's mental and physical condition.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The president felt he had suffered such a severe public prestige defeat that he no longer recovered from the shock it caused.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[62] However, as recently as July 1981, Minister of the Interior Eino Uusitalo publicly expressed the wish that Urho Kekkonen would be available even after his tenure in 1984.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[63] The crash of Kekkonen at the airport in 1980 became a buzz in May 2011 when Yleisradio did not want to show the clip in its entirety on the Pressiklubi programme.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[64] According to different views, it was either censorship or respect for an old person.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Juha Engström, Kekkonen's adjutant, the crash was caused by glare and strong spectacles that caused the president not to see the lowest step of the plane's stairs.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Photos of the situation at the time of the incident were also not released.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[65] Kekkonen presided over the presentation of the President, the last remaining of his tenure, at the Council of State on Friday 4 September 1981.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

According to the ministers present, the president was in fairly refreshed condition at the time.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In this session, Kekkonen also completed his last appointment, which was the appointment of Chief Financial Officer Asko Saviaho to the post of Postal Director of Posts and Telecommunications since the beginning of October 1981.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[66] On the same day, Kekkonen also visited the Presidential Palace for the last time, where the new Colombian ambassador to Helsinki left his credentials.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[67] As of Monday, September 7, 1981, the president canceled all his appointments due to fever.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[68] Kekkonen's health was visibly betrayed for the first time during a fishing trip to Iceland in August 1981.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In September he went on sick leave and had to ask for resignation in October [69].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

After this, he no longer appeared in public.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] Years later, information has seeped into the public domain about how the president's faltering health was kept secret from the people while the scenes were playing hard on the successor issue.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[70] [71] [72] During Kekkonen's sick leave, a debate took place among the legal scholars as to how to establish the President's permanent inhibition to the exercise of his office.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Professor of Administrative Law Veli Merikoski considered that the question of the President's permanent inhibition should be referred to Parliament by the Government, for which the provisions of the form of government did not provide a basis.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[73] Officially, Kekkonen resigned from the post of President of the Republic on 27 October 1981.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The President's Permanent Secretary, Juhani Perttunen, was able to persuade the reluctant Kekkonen to sign the resignation prepared in advance [74].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kai Korte, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Justice, presented Kekkonen's resignation to the Council of State by leaning both on the President's own announcement and on the testimony of his personal doctors Pentti Halonen and Erkki Kivalo.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

This avoided any reflection on whether the president, in issuing his resignation declaration, had been judicial.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The demonstration event attracted great attention and was televised across Europe.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[75] Kekkonen was the formal head of state until Mauno Koivisto, who was elected as his successor, took the oath of office as President of the Republic [76] [77] on 27 January 1982 Prime MinisterGovernment. -A.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Fagerholm1956—1957Fagerholm IIV.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

J. Sukselainen1957Ski Iriner von Fieandt1957—1958von FieandTreino Kuuskoski1958Kuuskik. -A.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Fagerholm1958—1959Fagerholm IIIV.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

J. Sukselainen1959—1961Sukselainen IIMartti Miettunen1961—1962Miettunen Iahti Karlainen1962—1963Karjalainen iReino R. Lehto1963—1964LehtoJohannes Virolainen1964—1966VirolainenRafael Paasio1966—1968Paasio Imauno Koivisto1968—1970Koivisto Vo Aura1970Aura Iahti Karalainen 1970—1971Karelian IITeuvo Aura1971—1972Aura Iirafael Paasio1972Paasio IikaLevi Sorsa1972—1975Sorsa Ikeijo Liinamaa1975Liinamaamartti Miettunen1975—1976Miettunen Iimartti Miettunen1976—1977Miettunen IiikaLevi Sorsa1977—1979Sorsa Iimauno Koivisto1979—1982Koivisto II Last years When Kekkonen had stayed out of office of president, the president's official residence in Tamminiemi was converted into his service home.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In his final years, Kekkonen kept away from politics and did not take a position on current affairs.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Due to his deteriorating health, he could no longer outdoors without assistants.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The letters he received, he couldn't answer.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen died on 31 August 1986 at his home in Tamminiemi, Helsinki, three days before his 86th birthday.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The cause of death was brain stem circulatory failure [69] Kekkonen was blessed with spectacular state expenditure in Helsinki Cathedral and buried on 7 September in Hietaniemi Cemetery [69].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The eulogy was delivered by the President of the Republic Mauno Koivisto and the blessing of the body was delivered by Archbishop John Vikström [69].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In his blessing speech, Vikström compared Kekko to a lonely skier who, down to a slowly expiring track, disappears into the horizon [69].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

A major exception to normal practice at the funeral was that no shots of honour were fired at the deceased with cannons when lowering into the grave as they did for predecessors; since Kekkonen was specifically a peace politician, his departure was honoured in another way: when the funeral cortege left the Cathedral towards the Cathedral In Hietaniemeä, the bells of all churches in Helsinki rang soul bells.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

No medical account of Kekkonen's illness has been released.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The statements made by the staff doctors Pentti Halonen and Erkki Kivalo on the state of the president were extremely diplomatic.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The medical record has been taken from the Meilahti Hospital Archives and its location is not known.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In light of the available data, it was apparently a case of vascular dementia associated with atherosclerosis.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

However, the effect of the disease on power management has not been established.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

After Kekkonen died, Tamminiemi was made the Urho Kekkonen Museum, which opened to the public in 1987.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[8] Private life Family Urho Kekkonen was married since 1926 to Sylvi (Sylvia Salome) Uino (1900—1974).


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In 1928 they were born twin sons Taneli (d. 1985) and Matti (d. 2013).


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Taneli Kekkonen served as ambassador and was married to K.-A.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

With Fagerholm's daughter Brita since 1952.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[18] Matti Kekkonen was an MP and an official in the state administration, as well as his father's assistant and an educator of that tradition.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] Of Kekkonen's grandchildren Brita and Taneli Kekkonen's son Timo Kekkonen is an influence in business life.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[78] Female relations Urho Kekkonen is known to have had a lively social life.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

One of Kekkonen's female friends was Ambassador Jaakko Hallama's spouse Anita Hallama, who has published her diaries and extracts from Kekkonen's letters.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[79] Kekkonen's relationships with Hallama and journalist Anne-Marie Snellman are described in Raija Oranen's novels.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[80] [81] According to Oranen, Kekkonen also had a love affair with Maarit Tyrkö, a journalist 47 years younger than himself.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[82] Tyrkkö himself has told us about this in his book Girl and the Recorder, published in 2014.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[83] Importance and Impact Aftermath and heritage Urho Kekkonen's greatest merit has been regarded as the meritorious management of Finland's relations with the east in a difficult era of world politics.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

As a politician, Kekkonen was not content to simply seek compromise, but snubbed many of his domestic political rivals, some of them harshly.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He exploited his personal Eastern relations in domestic politics in such a way that even many political opponents began to regard him as irreplaceable.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekko has been criticised for exploiting Finland's awkward position in pursuit of personal advantage.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In the strategic power play of politics, Kekkonen was an expert.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In an editorial on 25 September 1977, the Swedish tabloid Expressen considered Kekkonen's excessive influence in Finnish politics to be damaging.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[84] According to Professor Timo Vihainen, what was particularly bad was that “the independent head of state was reduced to using foreign aid in his own political machinations”, not that he managed relations with the Soviet Union through its secret service.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[85] [86] In Western democracies, Kekkonen's presidency was exceptionally long.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

This has been explained by charisma, ruthless tactics, popular popularity and Cold War-era political sensibility.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Finnish politics were overshadowed almost throughout Kekkonen's presidency by a power play by the great powers, with Finland's location as the only pro-Western Soviet frontier neighbour strategically sensitive.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Even under pressure from the great powers, Kekkonen maintained his status as a respected statesman both in the East and the West.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The greatest international recognition of his political career can be considered the OSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in 1975, where Kekkonen hosted a summit of major powers to alleviate the Cold War.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

After Urho Kekkonen died, the media began writing about him more freely.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Since then, several books on him and his diary from 1958—1981 have also been published.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[87] [88] Since Kekkonen, the powers of the President of Finland have been narrowed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Since the 1980s, they have been delegated to parliament and government.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In the 2000 constitutional reform, the president's main task remained the management of foreign policy together with the State Council.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[89] Since the interruption of Kekkonen's last term, subsequent presidents have taken it upon themselves to publicize their health.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[90] [91] In the 2004 Great Finns vote, Urho Kekkonen finished third with 57456 votes ahead of Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim and Risto Ryti.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[92] Honours during his lifetime Kekkonen received a number of honours normally reserved only for late great men during his life.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

His birth home, Lepiko croft in Pielavesi, was converted into a museum already during his second term as president in 1966.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

To mark his 75th birthday, he got his picture on a five-hundred-mark note.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

This banknote was issued on Kekkonen's birthday on 3 September 1975 and was in use until 1986.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In 1980, when Kekkonen turned 80, the city of Helsinki changed the name of his longtime home street Kampinkatu to Urho Kekkonen Street.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

A street with the same name is also in Kajaani and in Hamina there is Kekkonenkatu.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

A section of road called Kekkonentie was opened to traffic in Tampere at the turn of the 1970s-1980s.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kecosenties are also in Saarijärvi, Kankaanpää, Salo and Nurmes.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] The title of Honorary Doctor of Physical Education was conferred on him in 1969.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[93] In the 1970s, a fell peak was named Kekkonen-toppen in northern Sweden.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[94] The Soviet Union awarded Kekkonen in 1980 the Lenin Peace Prize (Lenin International Peace Prize) “for outstanding merits in action for the preservation and consolidation of peace”.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen received the award during his fifth and final state visit to the Soviet Union in November of that year.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[95] He had already received the Lenin Badge of Honour in 1964.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[96] The Paasikivi Society invited Urho Kekkonen as its honorary member.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In 1973, the club was reported to commission a large-format portrait of him, painted by renowned Russian painter Ilya Glazunov.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The work attracted attention already in progress and Glazunov began to be called the “Court Painter of Kekkonen”.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The Paasikivi Society handed over the work to Finlandia Hall, where it was moved to the club's own premises.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Today it is in the Urho Kekkonen Museum in Tamminiemi.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Afterwards, journalist Mauri Lintera has revealed the order and advance stir for the painting was part of a publicity campaign for a new women's magazine.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[97] In the spring of 1981, a 50 mark commemorative coin was issued in honour of Urho Kekkonen's 25 years as president.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The coin was designed by Nina Terno.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[98] In 1983, after Kekkonen left his presidential duties and retired, the second largest national park in Finland, Urho Kekkonen National Park, was named after him.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

After Kekkonen died in 1986, his official residence Tamminiemi, where he had lived for thirty years, was converted into a home museum.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The Urho Kekkonen Museum, opened in 1987 in Tamminiemi, presents recent Finnish history in addition to Kekkonen's personal history.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[99] Statues and monuments of the statues and monuments erected in Kekkonen is the Urho Kekkonen monument designed by sculptor Pekka Jylä in Helsinki's Hakasalmi Park.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The monument was unveiled on Kekkonen's centenary on 3 September 2000.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen's youth's hometown of Kajaani is the Kekkonen monument Great Time in the handwriting of sculptor Pekka Kauhasen, which was unveiled in 1990.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

So far, Kekkonen has received his only public appearance statue.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The statue of President Urho Kaleva Kekkonen sculpted by sculptor Matti Peltokankka was unveiled in 2008 and honours Kekkonen's role in establishing Rautaruuki's Raahen factory.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] In autumn 2009, the City of Tallinn announced that the square in front of Terminal A of the Tallinn Passenger Port will be renamed Helsinki Square and a statue of Urho Kaleva Kekkonen will be erected there [100].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In addition, the Finnish Parliament Hall has a bronze bust of Kekkonen sculpted by Aimo Tukiainen from 1966.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[20] Politics Although Kekkonta has often been criticised for “Finnishness”, excessive use of power and preference for the left, this was apparently part of his tactic to keep Finland neutral.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Although originally a member of the Agrarian League's right-wing, the most left-wing wing after 1944 in the 1950s, Kekkonen was practically attuned.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen's goal, in his own words, was to defragment the country politically from left to right, and he tried to do so, often without success, to create joint coalition governments of all parties (civil service governments were practically such).


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

As for the Coalition, this was not successful due to fierce opposition from the left-wing parties, and Kekkonen attempted in his last active months to overthrow the Koivisto II government and create a bourgeois government composed of Keskus and Coalition in its place.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He justified this as well as the admission of the SKP into government at one time: “one quarter of the people cannot be insulated from political decision-making”, and the vast majority of the Coalition were already in favour of Kekkonen for a good journey from the 1970s.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

However, with the collapse of his health, he could not carry this out [101].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen considered it very important to maintain good relations with the East and succeeded in concluding/contributing to many trade agreements that were very advantageous to Finland.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen can therefore be regarded as essentially a centre-left pragmatic in his views.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen was also aiming to get Karelia returned to Finland by agreement.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Research Kekkonen took care of storing his archives himself for the use of researchers.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Urho Kekkonen founded the Archives Foundation of the President of the Republic on 18 August 1970.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The place of the FAQ archive became Hovila Manor in Orimattila.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[102] However, due to the large amount of foreign policy material involved, its use was limited for a long time.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

From 1995 until 2000, access to the archive required a research permit.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Since 2001, almost all of the data has been freely available to researchers.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[103] The research on Kekko has focused on his exercise of power and foreign policy.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Juhani Suomi used the archive to help compile an eight-volume “official” biography of Kekkonen, which appeared 1986—2000.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In addition to domestic archives, Hannu Rautkallio had access to the archives of the Central Committee of the USSR.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kimmo Rientola also studied Kekkonen's relations with the east.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[104] [20] [105] Lasse Lehtinen and Timo J. Tuikka have studied Kekkonen's internal politics in their doctoral theses.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Several new research works and dissertations continue to appear on Urho Kekkonen every year.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[106] [105] In art and popular culture Finnish art and popular culture Kekkonta has been discussed abundantly.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

For example, Kekkonen has been the subject of novels, operas, vocal plays, television series, films, antics books, cartoons and caricatures.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The importance of Kekkonen to Jews and Roma people on 22 August 1938, while Kekkonen was serving as Minister of the Interior, Finland refused to allow the m/s Ariadne vessel carrying around 60 Austrian Jewish refugees into Finland.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

These Jewish refugees converted from Finland have been brought to know “Kekkonen as Jews”, as Kekkonen ultimately bore responsibility for what happened.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[108] On 10 February 1939, the far-right Patriotic People's Movement raised concerns in its parliamentary poll that it was unreasonable for Jewish refugee gangs to permanently enter Finland to enjoy the right to asylum while Finns are unemployed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Minister of the Interior Kekkonen replied that “the number of refugees referred to in the survey is relatively low in Finland, which is due to the fact that the Government has taken all necessary measures in time to prevent the influx of refugees from Central Europe heading to our country”.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

According to Kekkonen, “The Government's intention is, of course, without violating international customs concerning the state right of asylum, to constantly prevent the mass displacement of refugees into our country, which does not mean that entry permits cannot be issued in individual cases.” [109] In autumn 1942, Kekkonen stated that “a concentration camp for the Gypsies (Roma) must be set up for the Gypsies (Gypsies), and they will not survive by the way.”


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[110] Around the same time, he wrote in the Finnish Kuvalehicle under the pseudonym Pekka Peitsi how the Roma are a group of work-wrenching, idly strolling gangs, which “forms a flagrant discord in the sound of work and effort that the country is flooding”.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[111] The Kekkonen camp proposal was put into action and in January 1943, Finland's first labour camp for Roma men began operation.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Roma women also found themselves in a similar camp.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[110] Many were assigned there on the basis of the Vagrancy Act 1936 [112].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Those engaged in forced labour were paid a small wage, minus accommodation, food and clothing expenses.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

At least 75 mots had to be made in forestry labour camps before getting out could be considered.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Neither camp operated for long.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The camps are not classified as concentration camps.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[110] Literary production A prolific writer Kekkonen was also notable as a literary influence.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

He wrote both under his own name and under pseudonyms, which included Esaijas Kohennakeppi, Esaijas Ranstakka, K.Y.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Laaksonen, Kää, Lawyer, Lautamies, Liimatainen, Male Finnish, Olli Tampio, Pekka Peitsi, Urho Sorsimo and Nephew [113] [114].


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

In 1976, Kekkonen published a two-volume collection of his correspondence to some extent under the name Letters from My Mill.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The publication of the collection of letters prompted the term mill letter to become established for several years in political parlance.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

The title of my work was combined with the name of French Alphonse Daudet's short story collection Letters from My Mill.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[115] [116] However, Kekkonen denied that these Letters from My Mill were anything to do with Daudet's short stories published in 1869, as his mill is entirely different from Daudet's romantic poet's hideout, from which “pleadings anonymous to the recipient” are sent.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Instead, Kekkonen characterised his letter mill as “a roaring, knuckling, pounding and grinding mill from which letters from the mill fire to well-defined recipients.”


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[117] Kekkonen was planning a three-part series of memoirs, of which he could publish only the first volume, my Century 1, to 1936, before his health failed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kekkonen's publication in 1980 of Tamminieme, on which he compiled his domestic and foreign policy line pulls, has been considered his political will.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

[118] Works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Self-Defense of Democracy | publisher = WSOY| year = 1934}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Municipal Electoral Court under Finnish law (dissertation) | publisher = Otava| year = 1936}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peitsi, Pekka| title = The path of defragmentation of the Finnish people| publisher = Otava| year = 1942}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Peitsi, Pekka| title = People fight for their life| publisher = Otava| year = 1943}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lance, Pekka| title = I found wrist| publisher = Otava| year = 1944}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lance, Pekka| title = Here we are| publisher = Oak | year = 1944}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Does our country have the composure to prosper| publisher = Otava| year = 1952}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = New municipal election law explained | publisher = Gummerus| year = 1953}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vilkuna, Gustav (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = For Earth| publisher = Otava| year = 1955}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vilkuna, Tuomas (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Speeches and writings 1 (1936−1956) | publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1967| isbn = 951-35-0353-4 sid.}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vilkuna, Tuomas (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Speeches and writings 2 (1956−1967) | publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1967| isbn = 951-35-0355-0 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Adhesive | title = Across — chart board | publisher = Otava| year = 1968}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Speeches and writings 3 (1916−1955) | publisher = Weilin+Gös| year = 1969| | isbn = 951-35- 0359-3 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Adhesive | title=Kekkonen, Urho| publisher = Otava| year = 1970}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Speeches and writings 4| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1972| isbn = 951-35-| 0862-5 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = Decades of Change| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1975| isbn = 951-35-1409-9 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit & Keijo Korhonen (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Letters from my mill 1:1956-1967| publisher = Otava| year = 1976| isbn = 951-1-02390-X (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit & Korhonen, Keijo (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Letters from my mill 2:1968—1975| publisher = Otava| year = 1976| id = ISBN 951-1-04052-9 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Stormbom, N.-B.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

(ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Mina brev 1956−1975| publisher = Söderström| year = 1977| isbn = 951-52-0403-8 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = By name and name brand| publisher = otava| year = 1977| isbn = 951-1-04641-1 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = By name and pseudonym 2| publisher = Otava| year = 1977| isbn = 951-1-04643-8 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit (ed.)


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

& Saanio, M.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

(images) | title = Travel photos of Kainui and Lap| publisher = Otava| year = 1977| isbn = 951-1-09414-9 (sid.)}}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Tamminiemi| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1980| isbn = 951-35-2287-3 sid.}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kekkonen, Urho| title = My Year 1| publisher = Otava| year = 1981| isbn = 951-1-06566-1 (part 1)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Publication| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1982| isbn = 951-35-2065-X sid.}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit & Suomi, Juhani (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Counter-current| publisher = otava| year = 1983| isbn = 951-1-07557-8 sid.}


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Source Ear, P. & Pekkarinen, J.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

(koost.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Letters to miller 1956—1981| publisher = Otava| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uino, Ari| title = Rills off and over the bar: Urho Kekkonen as sportsman| publisher = Otava| year = 1999| isbn = 951-16338-8}} briefly Governments of Kekkonen I Government Kekkonen II Government Kekkonen III Government Kekkonen IV Government Kekkonen V Government Presidencies 1st term: 1 March 1956 — 1 March 1962 2nd term: 1 March 1962 — 1 March 1968 3rd term: 1 March 1968 — 1. 4 March 1978 (1973 Exemption Act extended by 4 years) 4th term: 1 March 1978 — 27 January 1982 (would have lasted until 1 March 1984, but Kekkonen abdicated by the President of the Republic on health grounds 26 October 1981) See also Paasikiven—Kekkonen Urho Kekkonen Museum List of President Kekkonen's state visits Kekkontien FAQ Institute Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haataja, Lauri & Friman, Paavo| title = Presidential Book| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2001| isbn = 951-566-071-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uino, Ari (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Young Urho: Urho Kekkonen Kajaanin years 1911—1921| publisher = Otava| year = 1999| isbn = 951-1-15992-5}} References Literature Juhani Finnish books Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = English, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1936—1944: Myrrys| publisher her = otava| year = 1986| isbn = 951-1-06567-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = English, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1944—1950: Vonkamies| publisher = Otava| year = 1988| isbn = 951-1-09770-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| k| author = English, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1950—1956: Kingtie| publisher = Otava| year = 1990| isbn = 951-1-10403-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1956-1962: Time of crises | publisher = Otava| year = 1992| isbn = 951-11588| 4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1962—1968: Presiden| publisher = Otava| year = 1994| isbn = 951-1-13065-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1968—1972: Battle for impartial| publisher year = Otava| = 1996| isbn = 951-1-13548-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = English, Juhani| title = Urho Kekkonen 1972—1976: In the chaff stream | publisher = Otava| year = 1998| isbn = 951-1-14799-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = English, Juhanian | title = Urho Kekkonen 1976—1981: Expired chart| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| isbn = 951-1-16257-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen Diaries 1:1958—1962| publisher = Otava| year = 2001| isbn = 951-1-15547-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen Diaries 2:1963—1968| publisher = Otava| year = 2002| isbn = 951-1-18174-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen Diaries 3:1969—1974| publisher = Otava| year = 2003| isbn = 951-1-18858-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen diaries 4:1975—1981| publisher = Otava| year = 2004| isbn = 951-1-19251-5}} Other books Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hakanen, Yrjö| title = Six photos of Kekon| publisher = Love books| year = 1985| isbn = 951-835-0935-09| 6-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Esa (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Who Kekkonen? | location = Helsinki| publisher = Art House| year = 2014| isbn = 978-951-884-527-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lilja, Pekka & Raig, Kulle| title = Urho Kekkonen and Estonia| publisher = Minerva Kustannus Oy| year = 2006| isbn = 952-95| 5591-80-8}} Citation error, replace with { {cite book| author = Linnankivi, Berry| title = Kekkonten daughter-in-law | location = Helsinki| publisher = Januar| year = 2010| isbn = 978-951-31-5366-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salmon, Tuomas| title = “Get used to it, why 'not parkuen ane”.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Finland's leading newspaper's attitude towards Urho Kekkonen 1944—1956| publisher = Oulu University| year = 2003| version = dissertation | isbn = 951-42-7157-2| format = [Online version of the work (PDF)] | accessdate = 6.1.2016}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Memories of Medical Work — Läkarminnen| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = SKS/duodecim| year = 2006| isbn = 951-746-781-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Montonen, Pia Maria| title = Realm's daughter: Brita Kekkonen| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2014| | isbn = 078-951-0-40241-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niiranen, Pekka| title = Kekkonen and Church: Relations between President of the Republic Urho Kekkonen and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 1956—1981| publisher = Bookshop | year = 2000| isbn = 951-625-653-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book | author = Repo, Eino S. & Repo, Ville| title = Principal: Portrait of Urho Kekkonen from his President| publisher = Weilin+Göös| year = 1985| isbn = 951-35-3191-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Esa| title = Eastern Relations Triangle Brezhnev—Kosygin 1960—1980| publisher = Idea Books| year = 2007| isbn = 978-951-20-7492-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Esa| title = Fencer against volcano: Urho Kekkonen and Nikita Khrushchev 1955—1964| publisher = January| year = 2004| isbn = 951-31-2628-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Esa| title = FAQ Deep Imprint — Legacy or Ballast? | publisher = Idea Books| year = 2009| isbn = 978-951-20-7913-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyä, Kyösti| title = Unknown Kekkonen| publisher = Bookgroup| year = 1980| isbn = 951-26-1878-8}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| | author = Tuikka, Timo J.| title = “Kekkonen konstit”: Urho Kekkonen's concepts of history and politics from theory to practice 1933—1982| publisher = University of Jyväskylä | year = 2007| isbn = 978-951-39-2804-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tuikka, Timo J.| title = Kekkonen takapiru: Kaarlo Hillilä incredible life| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011| isbn = 978-951-1-25226-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Turpeinen-Saari, Pirkko| title = Great lonely: Urho Kekkonen and feeling| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2006| isbn = 95| 1-20-7011-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tyrkkö, Maarit| title = Girl and recorder| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2014| isbn = 978-951-040253-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Korhonen, Keijo (ed.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

) | title = Urho Kekkonen — peace politician| publisher = Otava| year = 1975| isbn = 951-1-02053-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pelttari, Hannu| title = Kekkonen Kekkonen 789522889560}} Fiction Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Huovinen, Pentti & Finnish, Kari| title = Kekkonen Vision Man (comic) | publisher = WSOY| year = 1975| isbn = 951-3-51386-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kirstilä, Pentti| title = Farewell Presidents for publisher = WSOY| year = 1979| isbn = 951-0-09207-X}} Salo, Value: Men of Power (play, television opera), 1986.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Kassila, Matti: Farewell to the President, 1987.


Question: In what decade did man start using horses as his aid?

Urho Kekkonen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Interior, Vesa & Ala-Korpela, Anu — Metsämäki, Mikko | title = Operation Kekkonen| publisher = Tamm| year = 2000| isbn = 951-31-1791-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hagelberg, Matti| title = Kekkonen publisher = otava| year = 2004| version = Cartoon| isbn = 951-1-19098-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tervo, Jari| title = Mole | publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| isbn = 951-0-29394-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hämäläinen, Karo| title = Urho Kekkonen| publisher = Tamil| year = 2005| isbn = 951-31-3399-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Oranen, Raija| title = Named Kekkonen| publisher = Works| year= 2011| isbn = 978-951-851-365-3}} On topic elsewhere Check date values in: |date= (help) at Statistical workshop (registration required) Check date values in: |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) * Category:Born in 1900 Category:Deaths in 1986 Category:Key to screening Articles


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

A phase, or state domain, is a homogeneous subregion of a system separated by an interface from another phase.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

[1] Generally, there may be three different phase types in a system: gas, liquid and solid phases.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Samak matter can form different phases, ice cubes in a water jug form a different phase than liquid water.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

However, all ice cubes belong to the same phase, although they are separate from each other.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

There may also be multiple gas and liquid phases in the system.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Features The phase is characterized by a certain degree and type of organization.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Therefore, a single substance can have several different phases with the same state.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Many solids have several possible crystal structures, only one of which is stable at each temperature and pressure.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

For example, the crystal structure of tin changes from tetragonic to cubic at temperatures below 13.2 °C over a long period of time.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

This can be seen on old tin objects as unpleasant blotches.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Also, the three solid forms of carbon, diamond, graphite and fullerene, are all different phases, of which only graphite is stable under normal conditions.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

However, it takes an immeasurably long time for diamond to convert to graphite at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

A substance that looks homogeneous can be a mixture of different phases at the micro level.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Technical metals are normally alloys that may contain phases representing different crystal forms.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Colloid is a generic name for fine mixtures with two different phases.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

There are two different liquid phases in the emulsion and in the suspension or gel the liquid and solid phase.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

There are certain thermodynamic properties associated with state changes, which are also present in other physical changes, for example magnetization.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

In first-order phase change, the internal energy—temperature curve of matter has a discontinuity point.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

For second-order changes, the heat capacity—temperature curve of a substance is discontinuous.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Since the computational treatment of all changes of this nature is very similar regardless of possible state changes, it is customary to refer to all of these as phase changes and different states as phases.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Thermodynamic treatment has even attempted to model changes in the fundamental structure of the universe in its early stages.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

Energy engineering explores the possibilities of utilizing various phase change materials for energy storage and subsequent controlled release.


Question: What does phase mean?

Phase

See also Phase change Phase Diagram Sources Category:Substance Category:Thermodynamics Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Electronic music or machine music is called music produced using electrically powered instruments and devices.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Such instruments include synthesizers, samplers, drum machines and a computer.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The first electronic musical works were carried out in the 1940s—50s, and beginning in the late 1960s, the electronic sound world became part of popular music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

In the 1990s, as computers, their peripherals, and programs soared, anyone could easily produce their own music on their own computer.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

As recently as the 1980s, electronic music was produced mostly separately with equipment made for this purpose.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Today, a substantial portion of all popular music is electronic music, and is no longer typically referred to separately as “electronic music”.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

History What is now often perceived as electronic music has existed for a remarkably short time, only about thirty years.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

However, the history of electronic music is long: the first device with which electronic music, or mainly sounds, has been produced is the Teleharmonium.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The device was built by Thaddeus Cahill in 1897 and weighed about seven tons.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The Theremin is an electronic musical instrument developed by Russian Léon Theremin in 1919 by mistake while trying to build a radio.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The Theremin is one of the few instruments to be played without physical contact.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

[1] Since the 1950s, electronic music has been of great importance among art music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Early electronic music was created by classically trained composers and before Subotnick's recording was tape music or was born using expensive equipment in university sound laboratories.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The music was typically experimental and complex and made a conscious effort to have an “organized sound” in the sense referred to by Edgard Varèse and thus did not sound to many like “real music”.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The pioneers of electronic music were, in particular, Edgard Varèse, Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Morton Subotnick, whose release in 1967 was probably the Silver Apples of The Moon, composed for a modular synthesizer designed by Don Buchla the most popular and well-known genre audio album from the era, which, along with Wendy Carlos's album made around the same time, is the first recording of actual synthesizer music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

In Finland, early electronic pioneers were at least Erkki Kurenniemi and Jukka Ruohomäki.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The tradition dating back to this early Varèse and concrete music is now often referred to as acousmatic music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The Switched-on Bach, released in 1968 by Wendy Carlos, was the first wholly electronically executed sound record, bringing music made with synthesizers into people's homes and providing strong evidence of the potential of electronic devices in music-making even for listeners who experienced experimental electronic music as a mere fuss.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The album had used the Moog synthesizer, the most famous of the early synthesizers.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The Moog was, like other early synthesizers, monophonic.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

It was controlled by a keyboard reminiscent of piano keyboards, which even that wasn't a given in 1960s synthesizers.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Admittedly, the Moog's keyboard was so heavy that it was necessary to record fast passages on Carlos's disc first in slow motion.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Carlos was followed by Japanese Isao Tomita, starting with his 1974 album Snowflakes are Dancing, which included adaptations of Claude Debussy's music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

As technology advanced, synthesizers became cheaper and more portable, and as the 1970s wore on, some pop music bands used them in their music as well.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The proge band Emerson, Lake & Palmer were among the first bands to use synthesizers in popular music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Soon artists who made more experimental jazz as well (such as Weather Report, Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea, and Jan Hammer) began using synthesizers.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The first artists and bands to represent electronic music in the modern sense referring to popular electronic music, such as Kraftwerk, Brian Eno, Vangelis, Jean-Michel Jarre, Herbie Hancock and Tangerine Dream, popularised electronic music within the 1970s in his works using analog synthesizers and drum machines.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Synthesizers were now a commonplace phenomenon in pop music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Also, the film industry began the widespread use of electronic music in its productions — exemplified by the 1971 Clockplay Orange with a soundtrack made with Moog, and the science fiction films Alien — the Eighth Passenger (1979) and Blade Runner (1982), which relied on creating the atmosphere using electronic music and electronically generated sound effects.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Beginning in the 1970s, computer music also began to emerge, initially mainly experimental acousmatic music by academic authors.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Take John Chowning, a US composer, inventor and scientist who worked at Standford University and later also at IRCAM in Paris.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

IRCAM also commissioned from Chowning his arguably best-known composition Stria (1977), which utilized digital FM synthesis and was based on a golden cut.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Other pioneers of electronic computer music worthy of mention of the era included, for example, Jean-Claude Risset and Paul Lansky.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

John Chowning is also known for having developed the FM synthesis algorithm in 1967.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The first commercial device to digitally apply the algorithm was the Synclavier I of 1977.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The Synclavier II, the next model of the product, quickly became one of the most popular digital synthesizers on the market in 1980.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Soon, the GS1 appeared from Yamaha in 1981, and the commercial hit product DX7, which subsequently became legendary in 1983.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Coming into the 1980s, the first commercial digital synthesizers were a major step in the development of electronic music, as they brought electronic instruments within the reach of anyone, where commercial analog synthesizers had still been too expensive for most buyers.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

At the same time, the first low-cost drum machines were also introduced to the market.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

By the early 1980s, “synapop” had already become its own genre of music as well.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Synapop's best-known representatives in the early 1980s were such as the Human League, Depeche Mode, and OMD.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Produced wholly or for the most part using electronic devices, synthesizers and samplers, music became an established part of pop music beginning in the late 1970s.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Along with the synthesizer, the device most influenced by the development of electronic popular music is the sampler.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Early samplers, like synthesizers, were bulky and pricey — companies such as Fairlight and New England Digital sold equipment that could reach as high as $100,000 in price.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

In the middle stages of the 1980s, however, this changed due to the development of low-priced samplers.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Sämpler was ertiyously important for hip-hop and rap music, with backgrounds typically executed only utilizing that device.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The inherent ability of new musical devices to create haphazard, contested, and electronic noise also led to a genre called industrial music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Some artists, such as Nine Inch Nails and KMFDM, adopted the desire to experiment with concrete music (musique concrète) and applied it, creating mechanical dance rhythms.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Still others took on this new sound trend, combining it with pop music, creating Electronic Body Music (EBM).


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Pioneers of this trend included the Belgian Front 242.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The Detroit-born techno-music trend and Chicago house-trend originated during the 1980s, with the subsequent formation of British acid house in the late 1980s and early 1990s and so-called initially “underground” rave culture fueled the development of electronic music and approval among the general public, and introduced in night clubs electronic dance music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

In the culture of electronic dance music, the music makers themselves did not necessarily perform their music at all; this was done by DJs, as many music makers themselves also worked as.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Using electronic composing, it is possible to create faster and more accurate rhythms than with conventional percussion instruments.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Electronic dance music includes many times electronically edited sounds, samples, from conventional instruments and vocal sounds.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The cheapening of proper hardware and, above all, the rapid development of computing capacity for computer software or machines, has meant that today a substantial portion of popular music is made electronically, and electronic music is no longer differentiated in the same way by “right on musical instruments” from the music played as in the past.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The 21st century has created a whole new genre in performing music art, so-called laptop music, where often the only instrument is the laptop.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

As an example of a laptop artist who rose to popularity in the 21st century, Holly Herndon can be cited.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

History in Finland The best known Finnish pioneers of electronic music are composer Osmo Lindeman and sound production pioneer Erkki Kurenniemi, who founded an electronic music studio at the University of Helsinki.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

The 1950s—1960s also saw Henrik Otto Donner, M.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

A. Numminen, Erkki Salmenhaara, Bengt Johansson and Kari Rydman experimented with tape recorders, microphones and self-made electric machines.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

[2] This laid the groundwork for new genres of sound art that would later become known, including computer music, live electronic performances, sound sculptures, composed environments, ringing objects, sound action, and techno music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

[2] Electronic music trends Acousmatic music, electroacoustic music and other electronic “art music” Ambient and new age Electronic pop music (a big part of all today's pop music), synth pop Electronic dance music Experimental electronic ( popular) music: industrial, noise, glitch, IDM, etc. Electronic Dance Music Genres Breakbeat Downtempo Drum'n'Bass Dubstep Elektro Electro swing Eurodance Garage Goa trance Hardstyle House Jungle Psytrance Synthpop Tekno Trance Trip hop 2-step garage Literature in Finnish Kuljuntausta, Petri: ON/OFF: From ether sounds to electric music.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Like, 2002.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Traveling, Petri: Voice eXtreme.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Like, 2006.


Question: What is the most used sound or tune in electronic music?

Electronic music

Lindeman, Osmo: Electronic Music.