Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

German negotiators reported the ore to Berlin to be worth more than RM1 billion and enough for 20 years to cover the entire nickel need of Greater Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Late in the year, the Germans increased the ore volume estimate fourfold.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

After negotiations began, the Soviet Union already proposed the transfer of the mine concession to itself in June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Soviet forces intensified the claim by grouping to the frontier, and fortifying the Fishermen's blockade.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

England took a steeply negative view of mining negotiations with Germany, halting Liinahamar merchant ships.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland negotiated with everyone in a politically tight gap.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finns negotiated in tense moods in Moscow seven times, until February 1941 without agreeing to the Russians' demands.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviets also negotiated with Germany until March 1941, unsuccessfully.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[5] In protest, the Soviet Union stopped its exports to Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[7] Soon 90% of foreign trade was handled through Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Military cooperation between Finland and Germany began with negotiations between the countries' highest military command in the winter of 1940—1941.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Chiefs of General Staff held talks in Berlin in January.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Among other things, the Germans inquired about how long it took Finland to get its army to the border with the Soviet Union, and also received a response.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

From February 1941, road construction and reconnaissance cooperation with the Germans were conducted in Lapland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

German troops began arriving in Finland, which eventually reached 40,000 when the Continuation War broke out.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

During February—March, the Germans engaged in systematic reconnaissance in northern Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In April 1941, an engineering company in Ratas began to recruit volunteers for the Finnish battalion of the Waffen-SS's Wiking Division.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Enlistment continued into June 1941.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The first recruits left for Germany for training in May 1941.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[8] On 25 May 1941, during Operation Barbarossa and Finland, the Finnish Supreme Military Command visited the German General Staff in Salzburg, where a German military delegation led by General Alfred Jodl explained the planned invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Germans presented a plan of cooperation between German and Finnish combat forces.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland was asked to commit Soviet forces on its borders and participate in the offensive against Leningrad.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

During further negotiations between different types of weapons in Berlin 26—28.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On May technical and tactical information was exchanged.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[9] A transit permit was issued for German troops through northern Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The attack plan included the use of Finnish territory.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In particular, Finnish Lapland played an important role in taking control of Murmansk with the Germans aiming for the Arkhangelsk equality.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In the south, the attention of the Germans was drawn to the Gulf of Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, so that the recapture of Leningrad and its complete destruction would have become possible.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In May, the Finnish Supreme Command decided to take part in Germany's planned war expedition against the Soviet Union.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

At the beginning of June, Germany was informed of the terms of participation: Finland should remain independent in future, Germany had to attack first, and only after the Soviet Union began the war effort would join the Finnish front.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[10] On 3 June 1941, during negotiations with Germany in Helsinki, it was agreed that, with Finland going to war with the Soviet Union, Germany would come to Finland's aid.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

At the same time, negotiations in Kiel agreed to joint war efforts, including mining the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, when war broke out.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Ore and Uti airfields were made available to the German Air Force even before the war.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Beginning on 7 June 1941, German troops intended for the invasion began arriving in Finnish ports.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On June 15, 1941, Mannerheim subjugated General Siilasvuo's army corps in northern Finland under German control.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On 18 June 1941, Finnish Air Force aircraft were painted yellow Eastern Front insignia in accordance with the German Luftwaffe.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On 22 June 1941, Germany launched the offensive and, as previously agreed, used Finnish airspace and airfields to bomb the Soviet Union.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[11] The Germans began grouping invasion forces in northern Finland during the first week of June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finnish protective forces began moving into their positions on June 10, 1941, on June 17 a general mobilization was declared in Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On June 21, the government ordered 45,000 residences on the Soviet borders to be evacuated.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Transfers of German troops to Northern Finland Preparations for the arrival of German troops began immediately.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Arrangements were handled under the guise of transit organisation, and German forces were not authorized to move east of the Arctic Oceans until 18 June, when it was thought preparations for the invasion east had already been exposed anyway.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Two divisions of German troops, 20,000 men from Stettin and 10600 men from Oslo, were shipped to Oulu and transferred as train transports to Rovaniemi.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Shipings began on 5 June and the last troops were at Rovaniemi on 14 June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On 7 June, SS Division Nord began a march from Norway along the Arctic Sea Road via Vuosso and Sodankylä to Rovaniemi.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The passing march of the 8000—9000 man strong division's vehicle column lasted 10 hours.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The division was at Rovaniemi on 10 June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

A total force of 40600 men was concentrated in the Rovaniemi region, from where on 18 June they began moving towards Salla.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[12] The German Norwegian Army Staff moved to Rovaniemi on 15 June, Army commander Colonel General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst arrived a week later.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Two days after the HQ, Luftwaffe aircraft landed in Rovaniemi.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Of the corps, two mountain divisions (2nd and 3rd)


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

moved from Norway to Petsamo only on 22 June, [13] [14] for preparations German pioneers in civilian attire had already been allowed into the country a day earlier.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Petsamo's German divisions began an attack towards Murmansk on 29 June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Events just before the start of the war by order of the Finnish Air Force Staff, automatic morsing equipment was installed in the Lahti Radio Station and Turku and Oulu radio masts on 21 June for radio navigation of German bombers.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[15] According to Dr. Hannu Valtonen, who studied aviation history, German bombers flew at night 21—22.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

June from East Prussia through southern Finnish airspace to the north of Ladoga and thence south to the Leningrad region, where Germany and the Soviet Union engaged in the first air battles of the operation after about three o'clock in the early hours of the morning.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The German bombers then flew to Utt, Finland, where they refueled and from where they continued on to their home fields in East Prussia.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[16] 21—22.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

During the night between, the Germans in cooperation with the Finnish State Police took over the Soviet consulate in Petsamo and the Finns arrested the entire staff of the consulate and their families.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The German Gestapo confiscated the consulate's archives for examination and later forwarded them to Valpo.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[17] The German naval forces were taking advantage of Finnish territory, they had been relying on the Finnish coast and ports since mid-June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[16] The Finnish warfare command had already ordered the U-boat squadron on 17 June to take part in mining the Estonian coast and on the evening of 21 June the U-boat squadron received an execution order for its mission.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, Finnish submarines and Finnish and German ships began mining the Gulf of Finland to prevent the free passage of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The effort was to ensure that the Soviet fleet would not be able to distract from the Gulf of Finland to the flank of the Germans' land front to the Baltics, and to prevent an attack on Åland, the control of which was vital for Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, the mining was extended off Soviet-occupied Estonia (including Tallinn).


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finnish submarines laid mines on the Estonian coast between 7:28 a.m. and 9:06 a.m. on 22 June 1941.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[18] [19] When information arrived in Finland about the start of the German invasion, the Finnish Navy immediately began Operation Kilsailing, i.e. the transfer of troops to the demilitarised Åland Islands.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Soviet aircraft carried out the first air attack of the war against the Finns after attacking warships involved in this operation as well as coastal forts at 6:05am on 22 June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In addition, artillery fire began from Hanko to Porsöhu, Storholm and the mainland at 6:50am [20] Adolf Hitler declared in a radio speech on 22 June that Finland would fight together (Im Verein) with Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland announced that it would remain neutral in foreign policy, but Hitler's speech was embarrassing for the country's leadership, it signaled to the world that Finland was allied with Germany in the war against the Soviet Union.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[21] These actions also led the Soviet Union to initiate military action against Finland, as it considered Finland to allow its territory to be used to attack itself.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Despite the coordinated naval warfare initiated with Germany and the army stationed by Germany from the level of Nurmes as far as Petsamoo, Finland declared that it remained neutral in foreign policy.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] The course of the war The war begins Soviet attacks against Finland began at 06:05 on 22 June, when the Soviet Union bombed a Finnish naval division at sea.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Subsequently, on the same day, Finland participated in the mining of the southern Gulf of Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On the same day Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

German planes returning from the bombing flight stopped in Finnish territory for refueling.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviets responded by bombing Finnish military targets in Finland with aircraft and cannons.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland refrained from returning fire and tried to assert neutrality in the new war.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

A significant war effort was avoided between Finland and the Soviet Union for a few days.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On June 24, 1941, the Soviet Union evacuated its legation in Helsinki.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[11] On 25 June 1941, the Soviet Air Force bombed Helsinki, Turku and Porvoo, as well as a dozen other localities, with about 500 planes, of which 27 planes were shot down on Finnish territory.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Based on these bombings and past events, in its communique to parliament, the government had reached the conclusion that the country had fallen into a state of war.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

This position was adopted by Parliament [27].


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On the same day 25.6, Prime Minister Jukka Rangell stated on the radio that Finland was again at war with the Soviet Union.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

War was declared on 26 June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finnish army and German troops in Finland began a ground offensive.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finnish army launched a major offensive in Ladoga Karelia in the direction of Korpiselä on 10 July with its focus on the left wing.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The brunt of the attack was the advance of the 1st Jaeger Brigade, commanded by Colonel Ruben Lagus, which reached the shores of Ladoga within days.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[28] By the end of August, the Karelian Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Erik Heinrichs had reached the limits preceding the Winter War.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finnish people who experienced the Winter War were, with rare unanimity, behind the country's leadership and the reclamation of lost Karelia.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The new war was seen as a continuation war of the Winter War, aimed at righting the wrong suffered.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[21] On several occasions the Soviet Union demanded Britain declare war on Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent Marshal Mannerheim a personal, private and secret letter expressing regret that Britain will soon have to declare war on Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Churchill also urged Finland not to cross the old border.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The letter is preserved at Britain's Imperial War Museum.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[29] Britain severed diplomatic relations on 1 August and threatened with war on 22 September unless the advance was cut off.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Following Finland's accession to the Anti-Comintern Treaty on 25 November, Britain filed an ultimatum demanding a cessation of hostilities by 5 December.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

After remaining without a satisfactory response, London announced on Finnish Independence Day, 6 December, a declaration of war on Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Relations with foreign countries deteriorated as Finnish forces advanced.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, the actual war effort between the two countries was already limited to the earlier bombing of Liinahamar on 30 June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Australia, Canada and New Zealand also submitted a declaration of war to Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Already during the civil war in 1918, Mannerheim had issued a declaration in Antrea on the Karelian Isthmus stating that we should not put his sword in a sheath until Finland and East Karelia were free.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In the Continuation War, Mannerheim issued his famous so-called sword-sheath day order, in which he referred to his declaration.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

There were also mentions of a large Finland in the daily order, which even at that time caused negative attention in political circles.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, Finland occupied the most extensive territory in its history.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Many people outside the right wanted to annex East Karelia to Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The grounds were not only ideological and political, but also military: the so-called Three Isthmus Line was easier to defend than the previous frontier.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

With Germany backed, there was an opportunity to do so.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On the other hand, there were economic motives in the form of exploitation of forest reserves in East Karelia.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, the territories were not legally annexed to Finland; only the territories lost in the Winter War were declared by Parliament as belonging to Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The management of the territories was provided by the Military Administration of East Karelia, which made preparatory measures to annex the conquered territories to Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Internment camps were established in the conquered territory, which in their own time were referred to at first as “concentration camps” and later as “displacement camps”.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[30] They were excluded: [31] (a) “unnational population from those areas where their stay in view of military action could not be permitted”; (b) “politically unreliable persons belonging to the national and non-national population of the military administrative territory”; (c) “in exceptional cases other persons belonging to the population of the Military Administrative Region whose vacancy was deemed undesirable”.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

When defined as the national population, the Finnish population was perceived as a native population.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[32] [33] The population of Väisniemi, Syyrinlaakso and Maanselänänänänänisthus, who traditionally happen to speak Russian, were moved from the front line to camps not only to prevent attacks by Soviet partisans, but also to protect civilians themselves.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In addition to this, refugees of non-Finnish descent were packed in Vänisniemi from all over the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic; while waiting in vain for transport across Sänisjärvi, they remained in the hands of the Finnish Defence Forces.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Based on the research literature, it can be estimated that evacuees or refugees from near the fronts may have numbered up to 16600 of the people placed in camps in East Karelia.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

This would mean more than 69% of the camps” highest population, which was 23984 people, on April 1, 1942.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[34] Mortality in the concentration camps of occupied East Karelia was up to 3.75%, significantly higher than among the free population of the same region (2.6%), in Finland (1.31%).


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The main reason for the high mortality rate among East Karelian campers appears to have been poor nutritional status and, to some extent, their age structure: a high relative proportion of women aged 20—30 years and minor children (almost 50%).


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[35] During the Continuation War, about 62000 Inger Finns migrated to Finland from the German-occupied Inger region.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The war of positions Mannerheim and Ryti had a negative view of the conquest of Leningrad and its direct support, as well as the severing of the Muurmann line in order to hold the argument for a separate war and to keep Finland better prospects for peace negotiations even after Germany's eventual defeat context [36].


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The advance of the Finns stalled on Mannerheim's orders in December 1941, when the so-called positional warfare phase began.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

It lasted two and a half years.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On 6 December, the territories lost in the Winter War were annexed back to Finland by the Parliament in restoring the borders of the Peace of Tartu.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, production and foreign trade declined, creating problems for the country's food supply.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The most difficult food situation was during the winter between 1942—1943.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In this case, for example, frontmen experienced deficiency diseases, and especially in some younger men general weakness due to lack of food.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The situation was saved by imports of food supplies, mostly from Germany and the countries under its influence.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In addition, the situation of the frontmen was facilitated by German troops in northern Finland, who victualled 50,000 Finnish soldiers in their area of responsibility.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Despite the practical problems brought with them by long transport journeys, monotonous food and limited portions the victualling of the frontmen was satisfactorily successful.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

There were a total of 300 cases of deficiency disease that required hospitalisation among frontmen during the Continuation War, which can be considered quite a small number.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[37] In 1942 fighting continued fragmented at Syvär and Kiesting.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finns' only offensive war during the entire war of positions remained the capture of Suursaari in March.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[38] On June 4, Mannerheim reached the age of 75 and was promoted to Marshal of Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The day was designated by defensive force as a flag feast day.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In Helsinki, a street was announced to be named in his honour.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Adolf Hitler unexpectedly visited Mannerheim's birthday party in Immola and complained that he had not been able to ensure Romanian oil for Germany to do anything for Finland before or during the Winter War.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

A recording of Hitler's “soliloquy” by the Finns also clarified the level of Soviet arms race that had surprised Hitler.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On his return visit to Germany, Mannerheim had apparently received further information about the German “expedition to the East” because, after his return, assessed to Defence Minister Walden the German “expedition to the east” as ending in disaster.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviets sent a military detachment behind the Finns front line around Rukajärvi.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, the Finns defeated the attempt in a short chase.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

After Germany suffered defeat at Stalingrad, efforts began to be made in Finland to distance themselves from Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The parliament began to show dissatisfaction towards Ryti, which was manifested by Secretary of State R.J.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On Witting's criticism of Ryti's signing of an anticomintern contract.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Parliament refused to extend the power law granted to Ryti.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, this did not prevent his re-election to an additional two-year term in February 1943.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, Prime Minister Rangell's government was switched to a less pro-German one led by Edwin Linkommies.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The government held together mainly thanks to the Social Democrat finance minister Väinö Tanner.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Initial peace talks on Peace were held through the year, but no agreement was reached.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

As early as 8 February, the Soviet Union declared its willingness for peace.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The United States insisted on maintaining Finland's independence, and the Soviet ambassador to Washington, A. Litvinov, stated that the Soviet Union did not intend to occupy Finland as a whole.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finns received the same insurance from Aleksandra Kollonta in Stockholm.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland insisted on the 1939 borders as the basis for peace negotiations, but the Soviet Union was informed that Finland's representative is welcome to negotiate in Moscow, but Finland's proposal should not include territories not belonging to it before the war.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Peace terms were struck into lock among the Allies at a Tehran conference in December.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the recapture of Berlin.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy landings, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring more than 300 lives.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government announced that the front was about to implode, Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

At the time Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is a distance of about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, Äyräpaa — Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The more than two-division-strong force that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasosi that the Soviets aimed not at occupying Finland, but at peace, took place at the headquarters.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377 according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to the official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

On 2 September, the parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland had to reduce the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial losses for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outside, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The British government, in principle, did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomants' defeat 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Offensive phase Continuation War Resistance solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel Diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of frontmen in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology | year = 2006| version = Doctoral dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyttä, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

E.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

(ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Drabkin, Artem & Irincheev, Bair (ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with the eyes of the Red Army| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, a film about JR 61 on the Syvärs and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, a film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Sima Qian (, ca.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

145 BC.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

— 90 BC)


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

was a historian and astrologer.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

He is considered the father of Chinese historiography.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

His best-known work is Shiji (, “Memory Entries from History”), which was the first overview of Chinese history.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

The biography of Sima Qian's father Sima Tan () served in the court of Emperor Wud of the Han dynasty as a librarian and was already widely read by Sima Qian in his childhood.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

He also received a formal education under the guidance of Confucian scholars.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Around the age of 20, Sima Qian began extensive travel e.g.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

to the burial sites of earlier rulers and other sites of historical significance.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Upon his return to the capital, Sima Qian was appointed to a court post, and at his father's wish he began writing an extensive history work.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

99 BC.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Sima Qian fell into the emperor's disfavor after defending the failed general Li Ling in his war expedition.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Sima Qian was sentenced to death, but the sentence was switched to castration and imprisonment.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Sima Qian spent three years in prison, but after his release from there continued to write his works with even greater vigour.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Shiji graduated in 91 BC.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Meaning as a historian, Sima Qian's work has served as a model for later Chinese historiography.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Earlier history books had been official, almost catalogued, dynastic histories.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Sima Qian's work is organized by theme and includes articles in addition to annals.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

on religion and court music, as well as biographies of prominent figures.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Sima Qian, as far as possible, sought to verify the veracity of his knowledge, and also presented his own theories and conclusions in the work, rather than being content to simply write down the information he had gathered.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

The work is also considered to be fiction significant, particularly in biographies there is vivid, perceptive description.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Stylistically, Shiji is varied and fluent in language, far removed from the rigid and formal text of earlier history books.


Question: When was Sima Qian born?

Sima Qian

Category:Chinese writers Category:Astrologers Category:Chinese historians Category:Key articles of screening


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The Centre of Finland (in common parlance centrum, [1] abbreviation Kesk., [2]) is a Finnish party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The party, founded in 1906, was called the Agrarian League (lyh.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

ML) until 1964 and then the Centre Party until 1988, when the current name was introduced.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The ideology of the party is characterized by belonging to the political center, embryism and social liberalism.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Centre is a member of Liberal International, an international organisation of liberal parties, and the Party of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the European Parliament, centrists belong to the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and the Middle Group in the Nordic Council.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Finland has had three presidents and eleven prime ministers representing the centre and its predecessors.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The centre has 49 MPs in Parliament, three MEPs in the European Parliament and 3077 councillors in local councils.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[3] In the 2015 parliamentary election, the party was the winner of the election and became the Prime Minister Party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

According to 2013 data, the party has 150000 members.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[4] Juha Sipilä has been the president of the centre since June 2012.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[5] History Time of Autonomy and the First Republic The party can be considered to have been born in 1906, when the Finnish Association of Agrarian Populations was founded and the Young Finnish Agrarian League of Southern Ostrobothnia, which merged in 1908 into the Agrarian League [6] (lr.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

ML [7]).


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In 1965, the name was changed to the Centre Party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[7] The current name Finland Centre was introduced in 1988.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

As a nickname, the party has the word “Centre Party” shortened to Kepu.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Santeri Alkio, who was displaced from the Young Finns, is considered the ideological father of the Agrarian League, and in its early days the party operated on a constitutional front with the Young Finns.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

After the Finnish Civil War, the Agrarian League sought to drive balance and national reconciliation, accepting amnesties for the Reds, for example.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The party also led the fight against right-wing radicalism that threatened democracy in the 1930s.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Cooperation with the Social Democrats began to increase, and the first so-called red dirt government was formed in 1937.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's support was based on a broad agrarian and rural population, as the Agrarian League sought to improve rural economic and social welfare.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's earliest areas of support were in Ostrobothnia, Lapland, Kainulu and the eastern parts of Vyborg County.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

After World War II, the colonizers inhabited western Finland raised the Agrarian League to be the largest party even in rural areas of more western Finland.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Support for the party in the cities was initially very small, but even that began to grow.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the 1970s, support for the party declined, at which point many began to view the party with a rural background as a fading sunset party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The drop in support has since proved temporary.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Lauri Kristian Relander was the first President of the Republic elected from the party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

As the Winter War broke out, the president was country ally Kyösti Kallio, who appointed the first red dirt government formed by the SDP and the Agrarian League in 1937.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

For health reasons, Kallio's presidency remained unfinished as early as 1940.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Kekkonen's time after World War II began a phase of new foreign policy orientation.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Urho Kekkonen, an Agrarian MP, was Prime Minister several times after the war.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the 1956 presidential election, Kekkonen, who as Prime Minister had among other things extradited a member of the Estonian resistance who had fled to Finland to the Soviet Union, was persuaded by the KGB to support him.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Five days before the assembly of the electors, the Finnish Communists were ordered to vote on Kekko.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

With votes from the communists, Kekkonen unexpectedly won the election by the smallest possible margin.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Kekkonen's power was increased in the note crisis and, at the insistence of the KGB, the Protection Police was filled with agrarian allies.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[8] Kekkonen emerged as a leading figure in the line that emphasised Soviet friendship.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The President's power was strengthened mainly to safeguard Eastern policy (YYA and OSCE) and Western integration (associate membership of EFTA and EEC Free Trade Agreement), as at the same time there was no desire to lose bilateral trade between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

This, along with the party splintering of the SDP, led to the President's strong involvement beginning to be regarded mainly within his social democratic opponents as whip parliamentarianism.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Critical voices also emerged from the right wing, such as Tuure Junnila, Georg C. Ehrnrooth and Kullervo Rainio, forming the Constitutional People's Party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Another prominent opponent was former country ally Veikko Vennamo.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Within the party, Eastern politics, left-wing cooperation and Kekko were formed to support almost the party opposition the so-called K-line.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The content of the line was to “go so left as to hideous”.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Those who were skeptical about the representatives of the K-line began to be called the Black Dozen.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

This allowed to understand that there is a right-wing faction within the party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In 1948−1958, the Agrarian League used a well known election poster depicting a peasant's hand leaning on the Bible and the law book and the text “On these leans Agrarian”.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Change of name Veikko Vennamo, head of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry responsible for the settlement activities of the surrendered Karelian colonists, entered into a dispute with Kekkonen in the 1950s and founded the Finnish Small Peasants' Party, which moved to the Agrarian League due to urbanisation in the 1960s I like the Finnish Rural Party, on which Timo Soini, Kari Bärlund, Raimo Vistbacka and Urpo Leppänen decided to establish the PerusFinns.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[9] On October 17, 1965, the Agrarian League changed its name to the Centre Party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[10] The change portrayed the secession from agrarian politics as a nationwide general party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

With the name change, support for the party dropped sharply.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[6] At the time of the first name change, there was also the so-called Great Migration from land to cities and Sweden, leaving the party concerned about the decline of its supporter base.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The new name sought wider support from cities as well.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Support for the Centre Party in parliamentary elections at its lowest was between 35 and 36 MPs at the end of Johannes Estonian's presidency.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the 1960s and 70s, the centre was a reformist, pro-parliamentary democracy party that softened the confrontation between far-left and right-wing forces.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Supporters also diversified as the share of staff members and the working population increased.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[6] The party's name was changed to Centre Finland in 1988.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[6] In 1980, Paavo Väyrynen was elected President of the Centre Party, Paavo Väyrynen was elected President of the Centre Party, who with Party Secretary Seppo Käräinen began to pursue the so-called will policy, which mainly meant challenging the SDP led by Kalevi Sorsa in many in questions.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The relative weakening of the Centre Party vis-à-vis the SDP had contributed to Urho Kekkonen's illness and the change of President of the Republic.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Before the 1987 parliamentary elections, the Centre Party, the Coalition and the RKP entered into a so-called safe agreement whereby none of the parties involved in the agreement would negotiate to form a government without other parties.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

This would reject attempts by President Mauno Koivisto to get his own party, the SDP, into government.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

However, the plan came to Koivisto's attention and he appointed Harri Holker instead of President of the Coalition, Ilkka Suominen, as a member of the Board of Directors.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Instead of a bourgeois government, the result was Holker's blue-red government, which was in power from 1987 to 1991.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the autumn of 1990, the government requested the support of a centrist who had been in opposition for austerity decisions ahead of the 1991 parliamentary elections, which the party refused.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Bourgeois Government and Opposition In the 1991 parliamentary elections, the Centre won the so-called Bloodstaking election victory and for a long time emerged as the largest parliamentary party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Based on the election result, a bourgeois government of the Centre, Coalition, RKP and Christian Union was formed, with the centrist Esko Aho becoming Prime Minister.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The Coalition wanted Finland to join the European Union, then called the European Community.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

While the centre was sceptical about integration with Western Europe, Esko Aho, a more pro-Western chairman of his own party, sought to win the support of his party for the membership project.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The EU split centrist supporters into two camps and, in particular, many of the party's rural voters opposed membership in the autumn 1994 referendum.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Paavo Väyrynen, a top figure in the party's western integration wing, worked to delay the membership vote.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

He was also the party's presidential candidate in the 1988 and 1994 presidential elections.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The centrist's responsibility for government was timed in a difficult period of recession, and in the 1995 parliamentary elections, the Centre lost the seat of the largest party to the Social Democrats.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Following the election, a broad-based rainbow government of the Social Democrats, Coalition, Left Alliance and Greens was formed under Paavo Lipponen.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In early spring 1996, Esko Aho introduced a work reform of the centre, which was published for the 1999 parliamentary elections under the leadership of Matti Vanhanen and Maria-Kaisa Aula.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

However, the work reform received a negative reception.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the 1999 parliamentary elections, the Centre still remained the second largest party despite the losses suffered by the Social Democrats, and the party's period of opposition continued.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The centre wanted to keep the mark as currency and not switch to the use of the euro.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

2000s In the 2000 presidential election, Esko Aho emphasized the conventional nuclear family and living in a private house in a safe environment as a safe Finnish life form in his campaign.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Aho suffered a meager defeat in the second round of the election to Tarja Halose of the Social Democrats and later gave up politics.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Under the leadership of Anneli Jäätteenmäki, the Centre achieved victory first in the 2000 municipal elections and later in the 2003 parliamentary elections.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Jäätteenmäki became the first female Prime Minister of Finland and the Red Multa government she led also included the SDP and the RKP.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Soon after the election, however, Jäätteenmäki was forced to resign due to the so-called Irakgate scandal.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Matti Vanhanen, Minister of Defence in the Jäätteenmäki government, became the new Prime Minister.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the 2006 presidential election, the sitting Prime Minister Vanhanen, who was the party's presidential candidate, lost in the first round to Sauli Niinistö, and the party failed to qualify for the second round of the elections.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the second round, Niinistö lost to sitting President Halonen, gaining almost exactly the same endorsement as Aho six years earlier.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the 2007 parliamentary elections, the Centre lost some seats but still maintained its status as the largest party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Not once before in history had a centrist achieved the status of largest party twice in a row.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The coalition rose past the Social Democrats to become the second largest party, which now gained more MPs than the Social Democrats for the first time.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The government of Matti Vanhanen II was formed on the centre, the Coalition, the Greens and the RKP.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Vanhanen resigned from the positions of Prime Minister and Party Chairman in the summer of 2010. At that time, the government of Mari Kiviniemi, the new chairman of the centre, was formed, which apart from the portfolio of Minister of Municipality and Administration held by Kiviniemi who took over as Prime Minister, was identical to the Vanhanen II government.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

After the 2007 parliamentary elections, the electoral finance bust that rocked Finnish politics was seen as having deprived the centre of credibility.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[11] Many centrist politicians faced pre-trial investigations in relation to bribery offences or recusal in the office.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[12] [13] [14] Central Criminal Police raided the central party office in May 2010.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[15] [16] In 2007, Party Secretary Jarmo Korhonen reported on the dire state of the party's finances, which he said would turn out for the better by 2009.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[17] Today, the centrist economy is cramped, according to the party leadership.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[18] [19] [20] In addition, the centre-owned Apollo company received tax hikes of half a million euros in autumn 2010.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[21] 2010s Finland had a centrist prime minister between 2003 and 2011, when Jäätteenmäki, Vanhanen I and II and the Kiviniemi government served.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The Centre was also the largest party in parliament during this period after gaining 55 seats in the 2003 elections and 51 in the 2007 elections.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Based on polls conducted prior to the 2011 parliamentary elections, the Centre had, like the SDP and the Coalition, lost popularity compared to the previous parliamentary elections.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

According to one nationwide poll, the center and the Coalition were in nearly the same endorsement readings.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[22] However, in the election, the Centre remained only the fourth largest party, losing 16 MPs compared to the previous election.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Kiviniemi did not stand for re-election at the summer 2012 party conference.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In this way, he stated that he bore responsibility for the fact that the party had not been able to emerge sufficiently rowdy.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[23] According to some estimates, there may also be disappointment that Väyrynen and Pekkarinen challenged him after a brief presidency.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[24] At the Summer 2012 party conference, Juha Sipilä was elected President of the Centre Centre.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the parliamentary election of 2015, the Centre again returned to largest party status, gaining 49 MPs in parliament, 14 more than in the previous election.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Name and emblems The downtown logo is based on a four-leaf clover.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The party emblem has been taken from the Polish People's Party PSL.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The Swedish Centre Party, on the other hand, took a model from Finland when it chose a four-clover as its emblem in 1942.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[26] The logo used by the Centre of Finland in the early 2000s.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Downtown emblem in 2012-2015.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Downtown emblem from 2015 onwards.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Structure and Organization Party Institutions Party Conference Party Conference exercises the party's supreme decision-making power and deals with major issues of principle.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

It elects for two years at a time a party chairman, three vice-presidents, a party secretary and a party councillor.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[27] Party Council The party council exercises the power vested in the party caucus during the period between party conferences.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The party council elects the party board and decides on the party's separate programs.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The party council consists of 135 members and a further 130 deputies.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The term of office is two-year.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[27] All 21 district organisations in the centre are represented on the party council.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In addition to them, the Central Women, Central Youth, Central Students, Central Newspapers and the Parliamentary Group of the Party have their own representatives.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Party Government The party government runs the overall activities of the party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

It is composed of the party president, three vice-presidents, a party secretary and 31 other members and deputies.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The party government elects a bureau from among its midst.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[27] The party government presents matters to the party council.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

It also responds to party conference initiatives by making closing motions.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

At the same time, the chairman of the party board is the chairman of


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Bureau of the Party Government The bureau of the party government consists of the party president, vice-presidents, party secretary, member elected from the party's parliamentary group to the party board, a member of the party board elected from the Centre Delegation of the European Parliament and three others a member elected from among its members by the party government.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The Bureau prepares proposals for the party government and monitors the implementation of the decisions of the party bodies in Parliament, the Government and within the Party.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[27] Karina Jutila of the University of Tampere has done a dissertation with one rules, two cards?


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Empirical study of internal decision-making in the Centre of Finland, dealing with the practical decision-making of the Bureau.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

According to the thesis: Party Office Centre Party Office is an office run by the party secretary responsible for general administration, such as relations at regional and local level and policy coordination.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The office was previously located in Pursimiehenkatu in Helsinki, from where it moved to Apollonkatu in Etu-Töölö.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Parliamentary Group The Centre of Finland is represented by the Centre Parliament Group.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The Parliamentary Group acts as a cooperative body of MPs from the Centre of Finland.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The importance of the parliamentary group in parliamentary work is central: the meetings discuss current political issues and form positions on the matter before Parliament.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The centrist parliamentary group in the Riksdag 2015—2019 constitutes 49 MPs.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The group is chaired by MP Antti Kaikkonen.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[28] District organisations The centre has the following 20 district associations: [29] Helsinki District Uusimaa District Varsinais-Finland District Satakunta District South Häme district Päijät-Häme district Pirkanmaa district Kymenlaakso District Karelia District South Savo District East Savo District North Karelia District North Savonia District Central Finland District Southern Ostrobothnia District Central Ostrobothnia District North Ostrobothnia District Kainuu District Lapland District Peräpohjola District Previously, Upper Savo District was also active, from the merging of which Northern The Savo district was decided in 2011.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[30] In addition to regional districts, there is a country-wide Centerns svenskspråkiga distrikt, or Downtown Swedish-speaking district.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Of the district's 16 local wards, 10 operate in Swedish-speaking Ostrobothnia.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

[31] In many constituencies, the centre has more than one district organisation; these place parliamentary election candidates according to quotas they have agreed.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The centre is represented in the Häme constituency by South Häme district and Päijät-Häme district, Karelia district and Kymenlaakso district in the Kyme constituency, South Savo district and Eastern Savo district, Vaasa constituency South Ostrobothnia district and Central Ostrobothnia district, Oulu constituency North- Ostrobothnia District and Kainuu District and Lapland District and Peräpohjola District in Lapland constituency.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Local Communities of the Party Alkio-College, Korpilahti Huolahti Helsinki Archive for the Centre and Rural Archives, Agrarian Centre Party-Finland Centre Party's history archive Central Youth, Youth Organisation Rural Flower Fund Foundation, youth organisation Fund for Rural Education, Youth Foundation, Social Housing Services Organisation Finland Central Women, Women's Organisation Vesainen, Early Youth Organisation [32] Media Current Maahenki Oy, Rural Civilization Association Publishing house Suomenmaa, the main voice supporter of the Centre of Finland, appears in print and online magazine Earlier Karjalmaa, the Agrarian League in Joensuu from 1917 to 2011, and then the Finnish Voice Supporter Liitto, the Agrarian League in Oulu from 1906 to 1993 and subsequently Lalli, a supporter of the Agrarian Union in Satakunta between 1917 and 2009 and then Turunmaa, who appeared in Satakunta between 1917 and 2009. as a membership organization, but resigned from the party again in 1986.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

As the two parties merged, the Centre inherited Liberal International membership and the Liberals' financial responsibilities.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

The Centre is also a member of the Party of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

In the European Parliament, centrists are members of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ELDR) group together with representatives of the RKP.


Question: In what year did the first centrist party founded?

Centre of Finland

Ideology and values The Centre declares its values of responsibility and freedom, community and caring, equality and justice, civility, overgenerational and reasonableness, a sustainable relationship with nature and localism.