Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

In his view, the round-arch openings represented the Old Romanesque style, while tapered arch openings represented the newer Gothic.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Nervander gave churches yearly timing based on this division.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Although confusion was caused by the fact that, for example, the churches of Nousiaie and Maaria, which he considered to be the oldest, had incorrectly shaped, tapered openings.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The church of Nousiainen was, according to Nervander, built during the time of Bishop Henry in the 1150s.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[3] In the fold of the 19th and 20th centuries, medieval churches became national monuments that were relevant to national identity in comparing the level of civilisation with those of the West and especially Scandinavian countries.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

According to Markus Siikkanen, for nationalist reasons, it was desirable for stone churches to be as old as possible unless there was an entirely indisputable basis for some churches to turn out to be younger.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

As early as the 19th century, efforts had been made to prove most of the stone churches belonged to the 12th and 13th centuries.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[3] Iikka Kronqvist studied the medieval construction of Finland from the 1920s to the early 1940s very much.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

He strongly criticized the earlier research and brought out his own interpretation.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

According to Kronqvist, the seams visible in the churches would have been indicative of very long construction times and construction work would have begun in many places around 1300.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Kronqvist's theory was published after his death in 1948 and there was almost no criticism of the theory; it was, until the early 1990s, a generally accepted model.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Only subsequent studies have shown that masonry seams meant only that the construction of the stone church had been divided into technical sections, which, however, had been done quickly after another.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Reliable timing methods such as year ring timing have also shown many churches to be younger than thought.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[3] Since the mid-1990s, archaeologist and researcher of the Middle Ages Markus Hiekanen has presented timings for stone churches indicating that stone churches are significantly younger than previously estimated.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Hiekanen has compiled a new, comprehensive typology from the building elements of stone churches and has justified his estimates by year ring dating.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Hiekanen has received criticism from Åsa Ringbom, among others, who has timed churches in Åland with a relatively new method of lime mortar.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

The Ålands kyrkor project has used the method to schedule the estimates presented by Hiekanen to be older.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

However, the mortar timing method is still at the stage of development and so far cannot be considered a definite natural science timing method.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

[4] See also List of medieval stone churches in Finland Sources Nurminen, Maija (Editorial Manager): Spectrum Data Centre: Part 11.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

WSOY, 1976.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

ISBN 951-0-07250-8.


Question: Where is the oldest church building in Finland?

Medieval stone churches in Finland

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hiekanen, Markus| title = Stone Churches of the Middle Ages in Finland | location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2007| version = Editorials of the Finnish Literary Society 1117| id = ISBN 978-951-746-861-9}} References On the topic elsewhere Juha Sinivaara: . . *


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Continuation War was fought between Finland and the Soviet Union from 25 June 1941 to 19 September 1944.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Continuation war was fought on the Finnish front at the same time as Germany was carrying out a widespread invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finnish front had been divided between German and Finnish forces, with the Finns in charge of the Southern Front and the Germans for the Lapland Front.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland was not, by law, an ally of Germany, as there was no treaty of alliance.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Instead, Finland was effectively an ally of Germany, giving its territory at German disposal, subjecting its forces to Germany, and receiving arms aid from Germany.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

At the beginning of the war, on the southern front section, Finnish troops recaptured areas lost in the Winter War and advanced across Syyr and the Leningrad defensive lines.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In December 1941, the offensive was halted and a station warfare phase that lasted more than two years began.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The northern front sections were unable to obtain the severed Muurmann track and the German forces were unable to advance on Murmansk.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive in June 1944 broke through the Finns' foremost defensive lines.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

After heavy interceptor fighting, the guns were lowered to 4—5.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Moscow Intermediate Peace was signed on 19 September 1944 and was confirmed in the Peace of Paris 1947.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The intermediate peace terms of the Continuation War included, among other things, forcing German troops out of Finland, leading to the Lapland War against Germany.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Pre-war events The peace in Moscow, which ended the Winter War in March 1940, was not peace in the truest sense of the word.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Europe was at war and Finland remained under martial law as well.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

During peacetime, the 100000 members of the lifting crew who remained untrained were ordered to enter service and their military training in the final stages of the Winter War to increase the low perceived reserve was commenced.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Squad leaders who had rehabilitated in the Winter War were asked to remain as loyal sub-officers for the training mission.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland was targeting an internationally identified possible maximum of the population, which could be disconnected from other duties to army service, i.e. 16%.


Question: When did the Continuation War retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In the case of Finland, this was considered sufficient only for the operational defence of the entire eastern border.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

General Aksel Airo had written a book on the subject after the Winter War, Honor - Motherland, in which he considered Finland's own defence possibilities superficially viewed only in the light of numbers to be almost non-existent.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Foreign countries' estimates of Finland's defence capabilities before the Winter War were based on the same criteria.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[1] Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April 1940 and quickly captured the countries.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In May, Germany invaded France.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The northern part of the country was occupied directly by Germany and the southern part was formed by the German-controlled Vichy government, which refused to continue fighting.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Britain prepared for major air battles to prevent extensive German bombardment aimed at capturing the British Isles against it.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Baltic Sea had been closed by the Soviet Union and Germany, the only free passage to the oceans for foreign trade was the troublesome and long Liinahamar route to Petsamo.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

When Germany had also occupied Northern Norway by mid-June, Finland's physical isolation was almost complete: Germany would have been able to quickly cut off Finland's last open foreign trade route to the west if it wished, [2] and the same could have been done by the Soviet Fishermen and From the central blockade.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In June 1940, following the German takeover of Denmark, Norway and finally France, the Soviet Union began pressuring Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The first demand was to recover all equipment taken away from the Karelian Isthmus and Hanko rental area.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

A stake in Petsamo's nickel mines was also called for.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In July, the Soviet Union made a demand for the demilitarization of Åland, and the right to train transport across Finnish territory to Hanko.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[2] The agreement for transit from Finland's eastern border to Hankoniemi was signed in early September.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not reduce its pressure on Finland until early spring the following year.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[3] The political climate during the intermediate peace was pressing; for example, the demonstrations and the resulting riots of the Finnish and Soviet Peace and Friendship Society and the downshooting of the Aero airliner Kaleva in the Gulf of Finland in June 1940 at the same time as the occupation of the Soviet Union The Baltic States, was perceived very strongly in Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland was in a tight gap in foreign policy when Norway and the Baltics were overrun, Germany and the Soviet Union were in a diplomatic state of peace with each other, and Sweden's proposed confederation with Finland in October 1940 fell into opposition from the Soviet Union and Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Red Army Staff had issued instructions to the Leningrad Military District for a new war against Finland on 18 September 1940.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The order was further refined on 25 November with the requirement to draw up an attack plan in case of a situation in which Finland would be the enemy alone.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Baltic Fleet drew up a plan to take over Åland and the forces of the Hanko base were transferred under the Leningrad Military District and its defensive direction was reversed on 12 November 1940 parallel to the mainland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In the Soviet Union, the management of Finnish affairs was transferred to the Main Administration of State Security (GUGB) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Ministry), and in addition, invasion forces began to be transferred to their grouping areas.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov visited Berlin in November to ask German leader Adolf Hitler for consent to the occupation of Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, as the Germans had already included Finland in their invasion plans Hitler warned the Soviet Union to stay out of Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 6 September 1940, Finland concluded a transit agreement with the Soviet Union for traffic to Hanko.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In August 1940, Field Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim, Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces, received an intelligence from Germany to allow the transit of German troops from ports in the Gulf of Bothnia to Kirkenes.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

At the same time, it was announced that it was possible for Finland to buy military equipment from Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Transit agreement: On 12 September, the Finnish General Staff and the German Air Force agreed to transport Luftwaffe crew and equipment through Finnish territory.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

A political agreement between the states on 22 September also allowed for transport by German land forces.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

A further increase in holiday traffic was negotiated in October.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The first troops came ashore at Vaasa on the 22nd and 26 in Oulu.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[4] The ore of the Kolo River in Petsamo, Germany considered vital to its war industry and Petsamo as a necessary stepping stone for the invasion of Murmansk.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union, on the other hand, after the end of the Winter War, felt no interest in Petsamo's nickel reserves, nor Petsamoo as a military territory.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[5] When the German authorities were planning to integrate Scandinavia into their own economic area, Finland was also included from April 1940, even though the country was part of the Soviet Union's interest.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[6] The situation at the nickel mine changed sharply in July 1940 with the Finnish and German I.G.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

With the agreement reached by Farbenindustrie.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Negotiations had been taking place since the spring, with the deal promising Germany 60% of production.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

German negotiators reported the ore to Berlin to be worth more than RM1 billion and enough for 20 years to cover the entire nickel need of Greater Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Late in the year, the Germans increased the ore volume estimate fourfold.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

After negotiations began, the Soviet Union already proposed the transfer of the mine concession to itself in June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Soviet forces intensified the claim by grouping to the frontier, and fortifying the Fishermen's blockade.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

England took a steeply negative view of mining negotiations with Germany, halting Liinahamar merchant ships.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland negotiated with everyone in a politically tight gap.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finns negotiated in tense moods in Moscow seven times, until February 1941 without agreeing to the Russians' demands.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviets also negotiated with Germany until March 1941, unsuccessfully.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[5] In protest, the Soviet Union stopped its exports to Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[7] Soon 90% of foreign trade was handled through Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Military cooperation between Finland and Germany began with negotiations between the countries' highest military command in the winter of 1940—1941.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Chiefs of General Staff held talks in Berlin in January.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Among other things, the Germans inquired about how long it took Finland to get its army to the border with the Soviet Union, and also received a response.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

From February 1941, road construction and reconnaissance cooperation with the Germans were conducted in Lapland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

German troops began arriving in Finland, which eventually reached 40,000 when the Continuation War broke out.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

During February—March, the Germans engaged in systematic reconnaissance in northern Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In April 1941, an engineering company in Ratas began to recruit volunteers for the Finnish battalion of the Waffen-SS's Wiking Division.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Enlistment continued into June 1941.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The first recruits left for Germany for training in May 1941.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[8] On 25 May 1941, during Operation Barbarossa and Finland, the Finnish Supreme Military Command visited the German General Staff in Salzburg, where a German military delegation led by General Alfred Jodl explained the planned invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Germans presented a plan of cooperation between German and Finnish combat forces.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland was asked to commit Soviet forces on its borders and participate in the offensive against Leningrad.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

During further negotiations between different types of weapons in Berlin 26—28.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On May technical and tactical information was exchanged.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[9] A transit permit was issued for German troops through northern Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The attack plan included the use of Finnish territory.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In particular, Finnish Lapland played an important role in taking control of Murmansk with the Germans aiming for the Arkhangelsk equality.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In the south, the attention of the Germans was drawn to the Gulf of Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, so that the recapture of Leningrad and its complete destruction would have become possible.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In May, the Finnish Supreme Command decided to take part in Germany's planned war expedition against the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

At the beginning of June, Germany was informed of the terms of participation: Finland should remain independent in future, Germany had to attack first, and only after the Soviet Union began the war effort would join the Finnish front.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[10] On 3 June 1941, during negotiations with Germany in Helsinki, it was agreed that, with Finland going to war with the Soviet Union, Germany would come to Finland's aid.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

At the same time, negotiations in Kiel agreed to joint war efforts, including mining the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, when war broke out.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Ore and Uti airfields were made available to the German Air Force even before the war.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Beginning on 7 June 1941, German troops intended for the invasion began arriving in Finnish ports.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On June 15, 1941, Mannerheim subjugated General Siilasvuo's army corps in northern Finland under German control.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 18 June 1941, Finnish Air Force aircraft were painted yellow Eastern Front insignia in accordance with the German Luftwaffe.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 22 June 1941, Germany launched the offensive and, as previously agreed, used Finnish airspace and airfields to bomb the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[11] The Germans began grouping invasion forces in northern Finland during the first week of June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finnish protective forces began moving into their positions on June 10, 1941, on June 17 a general mobilization was declared in Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On June 21, the government ordered 45,000 residences on the Soviet borders to be evacuated.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Transfers of German troops to Northern Finland Preparations for the arrival of German troops began immediately.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Arrangements were handled under the guise of transit organisation, and German forces were not authorized to move east of the Arctic Oceans until 18 June, when it was thought preparations for the invasion east had already been exposed anyway.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Two divisions of German troops, 20,000 men from Stettin and 10600 men from Oslo, were shipped to Oulu and transferred as train transports to Rovaniemi.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Shipings began on 5 June and the last troops were at Rovaniemi on 14 June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 7 June, SS Division Nord began a march from Norway along the Arctic Sea Road via Vuoso and Sodankylä to Rovaniemi.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The passing march of the 8000—9000 man strong division's vehicle column lasted 10 hours.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The division was at Rovaniemi on 10 June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

A total force of 40600 men was concentrated in the Rovaniemi region, from where on 18 June they began moving towards Salla.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[12] The German Norwegian Army Staff moved to Rovaniemi on 15 June, Army commander Colonel General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst arrived a week later.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Two days after the HQ, Luftwaffe aircraft landed in Rovaniemi.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Of the corps, two mountain divisions (2nd and 3rd)


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

moved from Norway to Petsamo only on 22 June, [13] [14] for preparations German pioneers in civilian attire had already been allowed into the country a day earlier.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Petsamo's German divisions began an attack towards Murmansk on 29 June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Events just before the start of the war by order of the Finnish Air Force Staff, automatic morsing equipment was installed in the Lahti Radio Station and Turku and Oulu radio masts on 21 June for radio navigation of German bombers.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[15] According to Dr. Hannu Valtonen, who studied aviation history, German bombers flew at night 21—22.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

June from East Prussia through southern Finnish airspace to the north of Ladoga and thence south to the Leningrad region, where Germany and the Soviet Union engaged in the first air battles of the operation after about three o'clock in the early hours of the morning.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The German bombers then flew to Utt, Finland, where they refueled and from where they continued on to their home fields in East Prussia.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[16] 21—22.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

During the night between, the Germans in cooperation with the Finnish State Police took over the Soviet consulate in Petsamo and the Finns arrested the entire staff of the consulate and their families.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The German Gestapo confiscated the consulate's archives for examination and later forwarded them to Valpo.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[17] The German naval forces were taking advantage of Finnish territory, they had been relying on the Finnish coast and ports since mid-June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[16] The Finnish warfare command had already ordered the U-boat squadron on 17 June to take part in mining the Estonian coast and on the evening of 21 June the U-boat squadron received an execution order for its mission.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, Finnish submarines and Finnish and German ships began mining the Gulf of Finland to prevent the free passage of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The effort was to ensure that the Soviet fleet would not be able to distract from the Gulf of Finland to the flank of the Germans' land front to the Baltics, and to prevent an attack on Åland, the control of which was vital for Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, the mining was extended off Soviet-occupied Estonia (including Tallinn).


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finnish submarines laid mines on the Estonian coast between 7:28 a.m. and 9:06 a.m. on 22 June 1941.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[18] [19] When information arrived in Finland about the start of the German invasion, the Finnish Navy immediately began Operation Kilsailing, i.e. the transfer of troops to the demilitarised Åland Islands.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Soviet aircraft carried out the first air attack of the war against the Finns after attacking warships involved in this operation as well as coastal forts at 6:05am on 22 June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In addition, artillery fire began from Hanko to Porsöhu, Storholm and the mainland at 6:50am [20] Adolf Hitler declared in a radio speech on 22 June that Finland would fight together (Im Verein) with Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland announced that it would remain neutral in foreign policy, but Hitler's speech was embarrassing for the country's leadership, it signaled to the world that Finland was allied with Germany in the war against the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[21] These actions also led the Soviet Union to initiate military action against Finland, as it considered Finland to allow its territory to be used to attack itself.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Despite the coordinated naval warfare initiated with Germany and the army stationed by Germany from the level of Nurmes as far as Petsamoo, Finland declared that it remained neutral in foreign policy.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] The course of the war The war begins Soviet attacks against Finland began at 06:05 on 22 June, when the Soviet Union bombed a Finnish naval division at sea.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Subsequently, on the same day, Finland participated in the mining of the southern Gulf of Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On the same day Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

German planes returning from the bombing flight stopped in Finnish territory for refueling.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviets responded by bombing Finnish military targets in Finland with aircraft and cannons.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland refrained from returning fire and tried to assert neutrality in the new war.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

A significant war effort was avoided between Finland and the Soviet Union for a few days.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On June 24, 1941, the Soviet Union evacuated its legation in Helsinki.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[11] On 25 June 1941, the Soviet Air Force bombed Helsinki, Turku and Porvoo, as well as a dozen other localities, with about 500 planes, of which 27 planes were shot down on Finnish territory.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Based on these bombings and past events, in its communique to parliament, the government had reached the conclusion that the country had fallen into a state of war.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

This position was adopted by Parliament [27].


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On the same day 25.6, Prime Minister Jukka Rangell stated on the radio that Finland was again at war with the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

War was declared on 26 June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finnish army and German troops in Finland began a ground offensive.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finnish army launched a major offensive in Ladoga Karelia in the direction of Korpiselä on 10 July with its focus on the left wing.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The brunt of the attack was the advance of the 1st Jaeger Brigade, commanded by Colonel Ruben Lagus, which reached the shores of Ladoga within days.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[28] By the end of August, the Karelian Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Erik Heinrichs had reached the limits preceding the Winter War.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finnish people who experienced the Winter War were, with rare unanimity, behind the country's leadership and the reclamation of lost Karelia.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The new war was seen as a continuation war of the Winter War, aimed at righting the wrong suffered.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[21] On several occasions the Soviet Union demanded Britain declare war on Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent Marshal Mannerheim a personal, private and secret letter expressing regret that Britain will soon have to declare war on Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Churchill also urged Finland not to cross the old border.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The letter is preserved at Britain's Imperial War Museum.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[29] Britain severed diplomatic relations on 1 August and threatened with war on 22 September unless the advance was cut off.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Following Finland's accession to the Anti-Comintern Treaty on 25 November, Britain filed an ultimatum demanding a cessation of hostilities by 5 December.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

After remaining without a satisfactory response, London announced on Finnish Independence Day, 6 December, a declaration of war on Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Relations with foreign countries deteriorated as Finnish forces advanced.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, the actual war effort between the two countries was already limited to the earlier bombing of Liinahamar on 30 June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Australia, Canada and New Zealand also submitted a declaration of war to Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Already during the civil war in 1918, Mannerheim had issued a declaration in Antrea on the Karelian Isthmus stating that we should not put his sword in a sheath until Finland and East Karelia were free.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In the Continuation War, Mannerheim issued his famous so-called sword-sheath day order, in which he referred to his declaration.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

There were also mentions of a large Finland in the daily order, which even at that time caused negative attention in political circles.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, Finland occupied the most extensive territory in its history.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Many people outside the right wanted to annex East Karelia to Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The grounds were not only ideological and political, but also military: the so-called Three Isthmus Line was easier to defend than the previous frontier.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

With Germany backed, there was an opportunity to do so.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On the other hand, there were economic motives in the form of exploitation of forest reserves in East Karelia.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, the territories were not legally annexed to Finland; only the territories lost in the Winter War were declared by Parliament as belonging to Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The management of the territories was provided by the Military Administration of East Karelia, which made preparatory measures to annex the conquered territories to Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Internment camps were established in the conquered territory, which in their own time were referred to at first as “concentration camps” and later as “displacement camps”.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[30] They were excluded: [31] (a) “unnational population from those areas where their stay in view of military action could not be permitted”; (b) “politically unreliable persons belonging to the national and non-national population of the military administrative territory”; (c) “in exceptional cases other persons belonging to the population of the Military Administrative Region whose vacancy was deemed undesirable”.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

When defined as the national population, the Finnish population was perceived to be native.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[32] [33] The population of Väisniemi, Syyrinlaakso and Maanselänänänänänisthus, who traditionally happen to speak Russian, were moved from the front line to camps not only to prevent attacks by Soviet partisans, but also to protect civilians themselves.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In addition to this, refugees of non-Finnish descent were packed in Vänisniemi from all over the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic; while waiting in vain for transport across Sänisjärvi, they remained in the hands of the Finnish Defence Forces.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Based on the research literature, it can be estimated that evacuees or refugees from near the fronts may have numbered up to 16600 of the people placed in camps in East Karelia.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

This would mean more than 69% of the camps” highest population, which was 23984 people, on April 1, 1942.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[34] Mortality in the concentration camps of occupied East Karelia was up to 3.75%, significantly higher than among the free population of the same region (2.6%), in Finland (1.31%).


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The main reason for the high mortality rate among East Karelian campers appears to have been poor nutritional status and, to some extent, their age structure: a high relative proportion of women aged 20—30 years and minor children (almost 50%).


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[35] During the Continuation War, about 62000 Inger Finns migrated to Finland from the German-occupied Inger region.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The war of positions Mannerheim and Ryti had a negative view of the conquest of Leningrad and its direct support, as well as the severing of the Muurmann line in order to hold the argument for a separate war and to keep Finland better prospects for peace negotiations even after Germany's eventual defeat context [36].


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The advance of the Finns stalled on Mannerheim's orders in December 1941, when the so-called positional warfare phase began.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

It lasted two and a half years.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 6 December, the territories lost in the Winter War were annexed back to Finland by the Parliament in restoring the borders of the Peace of Tartu.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, production and foreign trade declined, creating problems for the country's food supply.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The most difficult food situation was during the winter between 1942—1943.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In this case, for example, frontmen experienced deficiency diseases, and especially in some younger men general weakness due to lack of food.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The situation was saved by imports of food supplies, mostly from Germany and the countries under its influence.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In addition, the situation of the frontmen was facilitated by German troops in northern Finland, who victualled 50,000 Finnish soldiers in their area of responsibility.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Despite the practical problems brought with them by long transport journeys, monotonous food and limited portions the victualling of the frontmen was satisfactorily successful.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

There were a total of 300 cases of deficiency disease that required hospitalisation among frontmen during the Continuation War, which can be considered quite a small number.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[37] In 1942, fighting continued fragmented at Syvär and Kiesting.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finns' only offensive war during the entire war of positions remained the capture of Suursaari in March.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[38] On June 4, Mannerheim reached the age of 75 and was promoted to Marshal of Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The day was designated by defensive force as a flag feast day.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In Helsinki, a street was announced to be named in his honour.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Adolf Hitler unexpectedly visited Mannerheim's birthday party in Immola and complained that he had not been able to ensure Romanian oil for Germany to do anything for Finland before or during the Winter War.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

A recording of Hitler's “soliloquy” by the Finns also clarified the level of Soviet arms race that had surprised Hitler.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On his return visit to Germany, Mannerheim had apparently received further information about the German “expedition to the East” because, after his return, assessed to Defence Minister Walden the German “expedition to the east” as ending in disaster.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviets sent a military detachment behind the Finns front line around Rukajärvi.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, the Finns defeated the attempt in a short chase.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

After Germany suffered defeat at Stalingrad, efforts began to be made in Finland to distance themselves from Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The parliament began to show dissatisfaction towards Ryti, which was manifested by Secretary of State R.J.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On Witting's criticism of Ryti's signing of an anticomintern contract.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Parliament refused to extend the power law granted to Ryti.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, this did not prevent his re-election to an additional two-year term in February 1943.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, Prime Minister Rangell's government was switched to a less pro-German one led by Edwin Linkommies.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The government held together mainly thanks to Väinö Tanner, the finance minister of the Social Democrats.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Initial peace talks on Peace were held through the year, but no agreement was reached.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

As early as 8 February, the Soviet Union declared its willingness for peace.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The United States insisted on maintaining Finland's independence, and the Soviet ambassador to Washington, A. Litvinov, stated that the Soviet Union did not intend to occupy Finland as a whole.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finns received the same insurance from Aleksandra Kollonta in Stockholm.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland insisted on the 1939 borders as the basis for peace negotiations, but the Soviet Union was informed that Finland's representative is welcome to negotiate in Moscow, but Finland's proposal should not include territories not belonging to it before the war.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Peace terms were struck into lock among the Allies at a Tehran conference in December.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the recapture of Berlin.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy landings, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring over 300 lives.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government informed Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

When Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

From Syvar, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is a distance of about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, Äyräpäsä—Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The force of more than two divisions that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasonen that the Soviet Union was aiming not at occupying Finland but at peace.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377 according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to the official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

On 2 September, the parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland had to reduce the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial dispositions for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outside, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The British government, in principle, did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomants' defeat 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Offensive phase Continuation War Resistance solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel Diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of frontmen in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology| year = 2006| version = Dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyksi, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

E.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

(ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Drabkin, Artem & Irincheev, Bair (ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with the eyes of the Red Army| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kirin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kolin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, a film about JR 61 on the Syvärs and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: When did the follow-on soda retreat phase begin?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Joel Kwiatkowski (born March 22, 1977 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

According to Ulf Andersson of EliteProspects.com, he was an offensive defenseman in his style of play who played a good puck game and was good at pitching.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In his career in the NHL, Kwiatkowski played a total of 282 regular season and six playoff games with a power score of 16+29=45 and amassing 247 ice minutes.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He also played in Russia, Switzerland and Sweden in his career.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski was also on the verge of winning World Championship silver in 2009.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Today, he serves as an assistant coach for ECHL team Kalamazoo Wings.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[1] Player Career Following his junior years and first professional seasons, Kwiatkowski moved from the local junior league in Saskatchewan to the Tacoma Rockets of the WHL Junior League for the 1994—95 season.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

For the 1995—96 season, the club moved to Kelowna, British Columbia and changed its name to the Kelowna Rockets.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In the middle of the season, however, Kwiatkowski transferred to the Prince George Cougars.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Following the season, he was drafted in the eighth round by the Dallas Stars as the 194th player in the NHL's draft pick in 1996.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In the 1996—97 season, Kwiatkowski was the Cougars' most effective defenseman and third best point man with powers of 16+36=52.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He was selected to the season-ending second constellation field of the WHL's Eastern Conference.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

For his final WHL season, 1997—98, Kwiatkowski was the Cougars' most effective defenseman with powers of 21+43=64, [2] with which he finished fifth in the league defensemen point exchange.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

At the conclusion of the season, Kwiatkowski was selected to both the first [3] of the WHL Eastern Conference and the third constellation field of the entire CHL.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[1] At no point did Kwiatkowski enter into a contract with the Dallas Stars, who booked him.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In June 1998, as a free agent, he signed a rookie contract with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He played the next two seasons entirely for the AHL team Cincinnati Mighty Ducks, where his rookie 1998—99 season brought in 80 regular season games power-ups of 12+21=33.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski was the team's highest-scoring defender.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In June 2000, the Mighty Ducks traded him to the Ottawa Senators in a trade for Patrick Traverse.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[3] Kwiatkowski played the 2000—01 season with predominantly IHL team Grand Rapids Griffins.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He also debuted during the season in the NHL and played four regular season games for the Senators, scoring one goal.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In July 2001, Kwiatkowski signed a year-long extension contract with the Senators.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[4] In the 2001—02 season, he played for the Griffins for most of the AHL and was the team's most effective defenseman with Travis Richards with powers of 8+21=29.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[2] Kwiatkowski played 11 NHL games during the season with no power points.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Breaking into the NHL In the 2002—03 season, Kwiatkowski broke into the NHL.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He played 20 NHL games in his early season for the Senators, making two assists as well as just one game for the club's new farm team, the Binghamton Senators, in the AHL.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In January 2003, Ottawa traded Kwiatkowski to the Washington Capitals in a trade for a summer 2003 ninth-round reserve rotation.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[3] He played the rest of the season entirely at the strength of the Capitals' NHL team, making three assists in 34 regular season and six playoff games.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In September 2003, Kwiatkowski signed a year-long and $450,000 extension contract with the team.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[5] In the 2003—04 season, he set his NHL single-season points record after scoring in 80 regular season games with power-ups of 6+6=12.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In July 2004, as a free agent, Kwiatkowski signed a two-year contract with the Florida Panthers.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[6] He played the 2004—05 season entirely in the AHL due to an NHL lockout.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski began his season with Panthers farm team San Antonio Rampage, whose most effective defenceman and third best point man he was the season-ending team after scoring 64 in regular season games with 13+19=32.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[2] In March 2005, the Panthers loaned Kwiatkowski for the remainder of the season to another AHL club, the St. John's Maple Leafs.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[3] He scored a total power-ups of 20+25=45 in the regular season with which Kwiatkowski won the entire AHL defencemen's goal exchange and shared eighth place in the defencemen points exchange with three other players.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[1] In August 2005, Kwiatkowski signed a two-year extension contract with the Panthers.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[4] After the lockout, Kwiatkowski played the 2005—06 season entirely to the strength of the Panthers' NHL team, sidestepping his NHL single-season points record with power-ups of 4+8=12.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In the middle of the 2006—07 season, with an NHL transfer deadline in February 2007, the club traded him to the Pittsburgh Penguins in an exchange for a summer 2007 fourth-round reserve roster.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[7] Kwiatkowski could only fit in one NHL game the rest of the season.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In August 2007, as a free agent, he signed a year-long contract with the Atlanta Thrashers.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[4] Kwiatkowski, however, played his season mainly with the club's farm team Chicago Wolves, of which he rose to vice-captain.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

At 21+29=50, Kwiatkowski was the team's most effective defender.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He won the AHL Defensemen's Goal Exchange and finished fourth in the Defenders' Points Exchange.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski also won the Wolves' internal power statistic with a reading of +23.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[2] He shared the entire AHL spring 2008 playoff power statistic win with teammate Jason Krog reading +13.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski also played in the AHL constellation match during the season.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He won the season-ending Calder Cup [1] and was selected to the AHL's second constellation field.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[3] Kwiatkowski played 18 NHL games for the Thrashers during the season, making five assists.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Moving to Europe, Kwiatkowski transferred to KHL team Severstal Cherepovets for the 2008—09 season.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

With powers of 13+13=26, he was the team's second top scorer after Yuri Trubatchev and shared third place in the intra-team points exchange with Josef Straka and Sergei Soin.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In July 2009, Kwiatkowski signed a new NHL contract with the Atlanta Thrashers, [8] but he returned for the 2009—10 season however to the KHL and moved up the ranks of SKA St. Petersburg.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[3] With his 147 minutes, he finished fourth in the league ice exchange.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[1] For the 2010—11 season, Kwiatkowski transferred to SC Bern of the Swiss National League A.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

With his nine hits, he was the team's highest-scoring defenceman Travis Roche, as did the following 2011—12 season alone with his eight hits.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Bern advanced all the way to the NLA Finals in the spring 2013 playoffs, but the championship was nevertheless taken away by the ZSC Lions with a 4—3 match win.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

For the 2012—13 season, Kwiatkowski switched to the shirt of Fribourg-Gottéron.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He shared the NLA Defenders' Goal Exchange win with HC Lugano's Ilkka Heikkinen with his 14 hits.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski finished ninth in the Defenders' Points Exchange.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He advanced to the finals with Gottéron, but the championship was nevertheless taken away by Kwiatkowski's former club SC Bern with match-winning 4—2.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

In the 2013—14 season, he was Gottéron's most effective defender with powers of 5+17=22 and ranked seventh in the NLA Defenders' Point Exchange.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski also won his team's internal power statistic by reading +21.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[1] In February 2014, he signed a two-year extension contract with Gottéron.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[9] In the 2014—15 season, Kwiatkowski found himself in the middle of a stir in Gottéron on 1 November 2014 for his conduct following a match against HC Ambrì-Piotta.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

He already took Gottéron during the match, which ended in a 4-3 winning goal competition defeat, verbally clashed with supporters of the opposing team and showed them the middle finger.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

After the match, Ambrì-Piotta's supporters arrived to shout in front of Gottéron's bus, causing Kwiatkowski to get off the bus and lift a 15-year-old boy from the opposing team's supporters against the fence by a 15-year-old boy's clothes.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

According to an eyewitness, she yelled at the boy several times “I FUCKING KILL YOU!”


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[10] Kwiatkowski himself told of what happened: the disciplinary body of the Swiss Hockey Federation took Kwiatkowski's case to its hearing.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Gottéron, meanwhile, lodged a complaint about inadequate security measures in the match.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[11] Eventually a fine of 800 francs was imposed on Kwiatkowski.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[12] Kwiatkowski did not play another season of his contract for Gottéron, but moved up for the 2015—16 season on a year-long contract to the ranks of MODO Hockey, who play in the Swedish SHL League.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[13] However, the team was relegated to HockeyAllsvenskan at the end of the season.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski's playing career ended until spring 2016.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[1] National club Kwiatkowski represented Canada at the World Championships in 2009, when she won silver.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski was the team's only player selected to the team from outside the NHL.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[14] He also played in the Spengler Cup in 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

Kwiatkowski advanced to the final in his first two tournaments with Canada, but the team lost each time.


Question: When was Joel Kwiatkowski born?

Joel Kwiatkowski

[1] Coaching career Kwiatkowski was named an assistant coach for the 2016—17 ECHL team Kalamazoo Wings.