Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The deserts of Sonora and Chihuahua extend into both states.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Great Basin covers the states of Utah and Nevada almost entirely.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In addition, the Arizona and California regions include the Mojave and Colorado deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In South America, between the Andes and the Pacific lie the Sechura Desert of Peru and the Atacama of Chile.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Peruvian and Bolivian regions also have deserts on the Altiplano High Plateau, which are known for their salt plains.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Patagonia, Argentina, too, has extensive dry areas.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[3] North Africa is covered by the Sahara Desert, which stretches from the Atlantic to the Red Sea over an area of about 9000,000 square kilometres.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

On the east coast of the continent, Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia lie the deserts of Danakil, Nubia and Chalbi, among others.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In southern Africa, large swaths of Namibia, Botswana and South Africa belong to Namib and Kalahari.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[3] However, the Kalahari is not always considered a true desert, with more than half as much rain in its north-east as per traditional desert definition.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[5] The deserts of the Arabian Peninsula cover the Arabian Peninsula almost completely, and Saudi Arabia belongs almost entirely to the desert region.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The desert connects to the north with the Syrian desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[6] Central Asia lies the Karakum in Turkmenistan and Kyzylkum in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, [7] and in western China in the Tarim Basin in the middle of the mountains is the Taklimakan Desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[8] On the territory of China and Mongolia lies the Gobi, with smaller areas on its fringes, usually counted as their own deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[9] In addition, Iran, Pakistan and India have deserts such as Thar on the India-Pakistan border.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[3] There are several deserts in the central part of the Australian continent.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The most notable are the Simpson, Tanam and Gibson deserts, as well as the Great Victoria Desert and the Big Sand Desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[3] Formation The emergence of existing deserts Drought has existed on Earth since the early s, since the Precambrian Period.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The earliest evidence of widespread dry environment has been found in 1.8 billion year old dune sediments in the Northwest Territories of Canada.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[10] Present deserts are quite young geologically, having practically emerged within the last 65 million years, during the Cenozoic World Period.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[11] However, Atacama and Namib are older: the former formed as early as 120 million years ago and the latter 80 million years ago.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Most of the deserts were formed during the Tertiary period, and the current drought zones had already arisen about three million years ago, when the continents had already reached their present places too.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[10] However, deserts have changed even during the current quarter period: they have experienced drier and wetter periods and expanded and contracted.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In Africa, Asia and Australia, dry areas were at their widest at the time of the peak of the last ice age, around 21000—18000 years ago.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Meanwhile, in North America, deserts, by contrast, were colder and wetter.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Laurentid Glacier covered Canada and the northeastern part of the United States at the time, and due to its influence, wetter air flowed into the deserts of the southwestern parts of the continent and hundreds of lakes also formed there.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[12] As the glaciers melted, deserts moved to their present places, north in the Northern Hemisphere.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

At the same time, many organisms accustomed to a temperate environment were forced to migrate from the way of deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, many mountain areas in the middle of deserts have been left with species that have only moved higher up in the mountains.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They have often been left isolated in the middle of desert plains, and thus a native biota has been left in the mountains.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Such areas include the mountain ranges in the middle of the deserts of North America, the Ahaggar of the Sahara, the Tassili N'ajjer and the Tibesti Mountains, and the Asiri Mountains of the Arabian Peninsula.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[13] Factors influencing formation Most of the world's deserts lie approximately 25—30 degrees south and north of the equator, [14] which is due to atmospheric circulation.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

At the equator, the sun's rays are at their warmest, as a result of which air masses warm up, rise upwards and pass both north and south.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[15] At the equator, the sun also warms sea water, which is why the air mass generated at the equator is also moist.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

As the air cools on its way north and south, water vapor from the clouds condenses and rains down about 10° north and 5—10° south of the equator.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

After that, almost completely dry air masses move even further forward.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

At about 25°, they cool and descend closer to the surface of the ground, thus increasing atmospheric pressure and as a result, dry air also rewarms, causing the majority of the world's deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[14] Such deserts include the Sahara, the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula, the Atacama, the Kalahari and much of Australia's deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[16] Another way of deserts being born is due to the mountains.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

When a moist air mass from the sea collides with a mountain range, it is forced to climb upwards.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

At the same time, the water vapor in the air cools, condenses and turns into clouds that continue to rise, cool and rain down their moisture.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[17] Thus, the windward slope of the mountain range receives plenty of rain, and there is little moisture left in the clouds as they descend down the leeward slope of the mountain range.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

There is such a dry area behind the mountain range, where it is also not as cloudy as on a windward slope.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Behind the mountains, the air temperature gets more hot when clouds don't block the sun's rays from reaching the ground surface.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[18] Such deserts include, for example, the Mojave and the Patagonian deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[19] The third type of desert includes continental deserts that arise far from the sea.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Air masses from the sea slowly lose moisture over the continent unless they cross a vast body of water that could replenish air humidity.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Especially in the middle of the vast Asian continent, continental deserts occur, as air masses do not bring in enough moisture from the sea.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[20] The birth of Asian deserts is influenced not only by continentalism, but also by mountain ranges.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Taklimakan Desert is surrounded by the Himalayas, Hindu Kush and Tienšan.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[21] The fourth factor contributing to the emergence of deserts is the cold ocean currents that cause coastal deserts on the western coasts of continents.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Prevailing wind conditions along the western coasts of continents blow warm ocean currents into the outer sea, resulting in cold water rising from the seabed to the surface.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

This reduces the ability of coastal air to bind moisture.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[22] The emergence of deserts may be influenced by several factors.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

For example, the deserts of the Australian mainland are affected by three factors: Australia is located at an appropriate distance from the equator, the east coast mountain range prevents moist air from reaching inland, and in addition, the Gibson and Simpson deserts are located more than a thousand kilometers from the coast.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[21] Climate Climate of deserts It usually rains at least a couple of times a year, and normally there are about 15 to 20 rainy days.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In some places, water can rain very abundantly in small areas, but such convection cells are nevertheless local.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Only large-scale rain fronts occur in the periphery of deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Near the equator, the greatest rainfall comes in summer, and in the temperate zone in winter.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[11] Rainfall varies greatly from region to region.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In places such as the Sahara and coastal deserts of South America, more than 10 years of rainless periods have been measured.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The inner parts of the Sonora, Mojave and Arabian deserts mean less than 20 millimetres of rain per year, while in the Chihuahua Desert and Great Basin, a year's rainfall falls only rarely below the 200-millimetre limit.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[23] Moisture to deserts is also brought by fog, which occurs in coastal deserts, and dew.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[11] In deserts, drought is increased by the fact that total evaporation is high.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Water is lost by evaporation from the ground and by transpiration through plants.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[24] In the Köppen climate classification, deserts are type BW.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Hot deserts are very hot during the day and cool or cold at night.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

During the day, temperatures might be around 40°C, and the highest temperature measured is 58°C in Libya.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

A daytime ground surface temperature of 78°C has also been measured in the Sahara.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, thermal energy disappears rapidly at night into cloudless skies, and nightly temperatures are often even below the freezing limit in deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The average temperature for the year is between 20 and 25°C.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[11] Continental deserts in the temperate zone are characterized by strong inter-seasonal variation.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Even during the winter it is cool during the day and the average winter temperature is −2—4°C, but in summer the temperature is equivalent to that of hot deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In winter, snowfalls are also possible.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[25] Due to the lack of vegetation in deserts to break up surface wind, wind speeds are higher than average.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In the afternoons, steady gale-force winds can blow for up to hours, but at night it is often calm.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Desert winds are often hot and dry, blowing from deserts into wetter neighborhoods.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Desert conditions can also generate a strong and swirling wind that easily lifts light soil into the air.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Thus, for example, dunes are formed.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

High winds also generate sandstorms as well as smaller and more short-lived dust vortices.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Heavy sand usually doesn't stay in the air for very long, but light-textured dust may stain clouds red at five kilometres altitude.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The effects of a sandstorm could be radical, as within minutes bright sunshine might turn into a reddish-brown mist and temperatures drop as low as 15 degrees.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[26] The influence of global climate on the annual variation of desert precipitation is particularly influenced by the so-called Southern Oscillation: El Niño and La Niña.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The phenomenon recurs approximately every 3—7 years, when first El Niño begins to affect the Pacific climate.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

As a result, the waters along the coasts of South and North America are warming, which in turn increases the amount of winter rainfall along the coasts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

After a few months, El Niño begins to wane and La Niña intensifies.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Its impact on coastal ecosystems is reversed.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The cycle also affects coastal deserts such as Atacama, the Baja California Desert, Namib, and Western Australia.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

At El Niño time, they get more rainfall than normal.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In continental deserts, especially in the inner parts of Australia and the Thar, rainfall is decreasing.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[27] Climate change has already affected the climate of many deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The average temperature in deserts rose between 1976 and 2000 by 0.5 to 2.0 degrees Celsius — more than the global average increase of 0.45 degrees.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Since at high latitudes rainfall has been assumed to increase, so correspondingly, precipitation in the subtropical zone has been estimated to decrease.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Precipitation levels in many subtropical deserts declined in the last two decades of the 20th century.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Although the precipitation of some deserts is expected to increase, only a few desert droughts are reduced, as in a warmer environment the rate of total evaporation also increases.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Climate change has been estimated to reduce vegetation in most of the deserts due to increased overall evaporation, reduced humidity, and prolonged periods of drought.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[27] The impact of deserts on other environments Deserts surprisingly affect other climates to cool them.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

This is because the albedo of the desert, the reflectance, is high.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Deserts reflect between 20 per cent and 35 per cent of solar radiation back into space, compared with 15 per cent for savannahs, for example, and only 5 per cent by rainforests.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Since there is not much water in deserts, solar energy is not used to evaporate the water, but rather the rays left behind after reflection directly heated the ground surface.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Heat from the surface of deserts radiates in dry air straight up.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, the air quickly cools when going upwards, and thus deserts cool the troposphere above them.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

From there, a cool air mass moves with the winds elsewhere, cooling especially desert periphery environments.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[27] Environment Landscape Types A common image of the desert is a sandplain.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, only a fifth of the surface area of all deserts is actual sand desert (erg).


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Up to half of the deserts can be classified as gravel deserts (reg).


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They are mainly covered by gravel 4—64 millimeters in diameter, but larger rocks, between 64 and 265 millimeters, also occur.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

A third type of landscape is a rock desert (hamada) covered by larger boulders and bare bedrock.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[28] Australia's Big Sand Desert and Africa's Namib consist almost entirely of ergi, and even in the deserts of North America, sand deserts account for only 5%.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Sahara and Arabian deserts are also rich in gravel deserts, and sand and gravel deserts exist in the Sahara over a roughly equal area.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Rock deserts exist especially in the high plains and predominate in Asia.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[28] [29] Surface Forms Deserts have little vegetation, so topography is often clearly visible, such as in high mountains and polar areas.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Deserts are also prone to erosion for the same reason.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Wind erosion affects deserts more than anywhere else on Earth, and rarely raining water may cause really rapid water erosion.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[30] Water both erodes and heaps the earth.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In deserts bordering mountain ranges, you can see the effects of water well: water flows strongly and forms deep, steep-edged and narrow canyons.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

As the swamp becomes wide and the stream slows, the largest rocks are deposited first, and the finer matter spreads out across the desert plain as a fan-like alluvial beam.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[31] The effect of wind erosion in deserts is considerable, with minimal vegetation not providing the necessary shelter and dry, loose soil rising easily to be carried by the wind.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In addition, many deserts are flat, so the wind can not blow freely.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Wind erosion creates the most spectacular rock formations on Earth.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[32] The most famous desert formations are dunes piled up by the wind.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The sand in sandy deserts is mainly derived from eradicated sandstone.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[32] Dunes arise from small sand chinos and grow as the wind carries more matter into the quinos.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In the Sahara, a dune 3—4 metres high and 100 metres long has emerged in about 40—50 years.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Dunes may not be stable and may move in the direction of wind travel for up to 20—30 kilometres per year.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The largest dunes can be 500 feet high.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[33] Dunes can be divided in several ways, and the United States Geological Survey, for example, divides dunes into five basic types.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The most common types of dunes are barcans of crescent shape.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Other types include longitudinal dunes up to 160 kilometres long, star dunes, elliptical or circular dome dunes, and U-shaped parabel dunes with branches pointing downwind, that is, the opposite of that of barcans.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In addition to these, there are more complex compound dunes.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[34] Water bodies Deserts are not completely anhydrous either.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, many of the rivers, lakes and oases are seasonal or ephemeral.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Surface water may occur only infrequently, but groundwater also rises to the surface at springs, oases, wells, and boreholes.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[35] Most of the rivers flowing in the desert do not end up as far as the sea, but the rivers dry up into the desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Only major rivers are capable of flowing through the desert, such as the Nile and Niger in the Sahara, the Tigris and Euphrat in the Arabian deserts, the Tarim in Taklimakan, Kerulen in the Gobi, and the Colorado in the Sonoran Desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, many deserts have riverbeds that are either completely or seasonally dried up.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Seasonally dried riverbeds are called wads in Africa and Arabia and arroyos in America.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[35] River beds provide a shady and moist place for organisms, because even in dry periods the bottom of the bed usually remains moist.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Dry rivers are also good landmarks.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[36] Like rivers, most desert lakes are only temporary.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Lakes emerge in valleys, draughts and other depressions.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Desert lakes are in a constant cycle: in the rainy season, they fill with water but dry quickly, leaving behind a desert lake, salt lake or salt pot.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In Botswana, the Kalahari Desert, the world's largest salt desert, Makarikari, occupies an area of nearly 40,000 square kilometres.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

It is a relic of ancient Lake Makgadikgadi, which some three million years ago was one of Africa's largest lakes.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[37] Moist areas, called oases, may also form in deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They are formed in places where the water-conducting deposit extends all the way to the surface of the earth.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Water can pass to oases from long distances.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Beneath the deserts, there may be as much as billions of gallons of aquifers accumulated there along with the rainwater absorbed in the mountains.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In oases, groundwater forms areas capable of sustaining abundant vegetation in the middle of the desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[38] Nature Vegetation Desert vegetation is scarce, and up to 90% of plant biomass is underground.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Plants in the desert have had to adapt by many means to drought and sun.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[40] They need to be able to collect water from scarce resources, retain it for a considerable period of time and reduce its evaporation.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[41] However, despite severe conditions, most of the deserts have vegetation.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Succulents such as cacti, hernias and agaves have adapted well to desert conditions.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They are able to store water in their juicy parts, their root system is specialized to quickly collect liquid and they use CAM contact.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[42] When communicating, water vapor is lost through air gaps, but CAM plants are able to close their air gaps during the day.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many plants open their air bladders in the morning for gas exchange and close them when the temperature rises.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[43] The leaves of many desert plants have fewer air gaps and are smaller than those of plants in moist areas.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The spear sacacacia, belonging to acacia, is entirely leafless, and has only spike-shaped leaf ruches with very few air gaps.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In addition, the leaf of acasia is leathery on its surface, which reduces evaporation.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The leaves of cacti have formed into thorns, which reduce evaporation and also act as a defense.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[44] Desert plants have a particularly wide root system.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Some of the plants grow long roots and some have an extensive umbrella-like root network.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The root of plants of the genus “Prosopis” descends up to 15 meters vertically downwards into moist understrata, and the main root of Peniocereus gregg, belonging to cactus plants, weighs more than 30 kilograms.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many cacti and hernias grow an extensive network of roots, with which they direct rainwater to the plant and bind themselves to the soil.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Some plants, such as the perpetual leaf, are able to collect from their surface the haze that is condensed on it.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[41] Plants also need to be able to retain the water they collect.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many of the trees in arid regions have developed a trunk on which to store large amounts of water.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The bottle-like trunk of the monkey bread tree, which is soft and mushroom-like in composition, is a good example of this.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[45] Aaloes, hernias, many succulents, trees and shrubs are perennial.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They live for several years, but at unfavorable times they do not grow at all.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, at a convenient time, these plants will be ready.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Others desert plants live only for a very short time.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Such species grow, bloom and seed in just a few days or weeks after rain.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Eventually, the plant will wither and leave behind only seeds that might lie dormant for several years and wait for new rain.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[46] There are also real drying plants living in the desert, which are fully adapted to the dry climate.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The cells of these have a particularly low osmotic pressure, which allows them to collect water in drier conditions than many other species.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[42] The deserts live really well with drought-resistant mosses and ferns.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

One of the most famous drought-resistant flowering plants is the creosote bush.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[43] Fauna The main problem facing desert animals is obtaining and retaining moisture in hot, dry and windy climates where moisture evaporates easily.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Desert animals have adapted to conditions like plants physiologically, anatomically, and morphologically.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, animals are able to adapt their behaviour as well.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[47] Arthropods and reptiles have adapted particularly well to the desert environment.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The bark of arthropods and the scaly skin of reptiles retain bodily fluids better than the thin skin of amphibians, birds or mammals.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[48] They are additionally variable heat, and their metabolism also varies with temperature.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

It may be very slow at times, which allows animals with exchange temperatures to require only one-seventh of the amount of energy needed by a mammal of the same size.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[49] In the desert, water is rare and it is difficult to obtain it.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Camels are able to drink so much liquid at once that their blood becomes very dilute, which would already be life-threatening for many other animals.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Animals can collect fluid in coastal deserts, for example, by licking rocks moistened by fog, and amphibians are able to suck water through their skin.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many herbivores get most of the water they need for their nutrition.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, some succulents are remarkably salty.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

For this reason, some birds and reptiles have developed a special salt gland and a specialised kidney for mammals that allow animals to survive salty water.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[47] Animals significantly lose fluid through urine and feces.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Desert rodents are able to produce strong urine, and birds, reptiles, as well as insects secrete uric acid alone, for which significantly less water is required.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

During the dry period rodents are able to suck back excess fluid from their feces, [47] and pocket-jumping rats eat their own feces to regain lost water and vitamins.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[50] Water is also released with exhalation.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, many of the desert animals have adapted respiratory systems capable of harvesting otherwise wasted water.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[47] By their behaviour, animals are able to avoid the harshest conditions in deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many birds and mammals, for example, hanka antelopes roam desert plains, and may migrate to nearby mountainous areas, for example.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[47] Smaller animals are unable to migrate long distances.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many species are nocturnal animals, and during the day they hide in tunnels or rock burrows made in sand.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In a tunnel ten centimetres deep, the temperature is around 30°C, even if the air is 45°C and the ground surface is close to 90°C.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The tunnels are dug by several of the desert's small mammals.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[51] Reptiles and arthropods also use tunnels and burrows, but tend not to burrow themselves but instead take advantage of natural formations and abandoned tunnels.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In addition to the temperature advantage, the tunnels are relatively safe and damp.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[52] Often, even day-active animals rest in the shadows at the hottest time.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[47] Some animals fall into summer hibernation during the dry period.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

For example, snails attach themselves to a hard surface and surround themselves with mucus.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The mucus forms a waterproof layer around the snail, under which the animal remains moist for several months.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In addition, amphibians of the genus “Scaphiopus”, for example, burrow deep underground during the dry season to hibernate.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[53] Humans and Desert Peoples The most successful desert peoples have been nomads


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The search for water, food and grazing land has also forced people to move and they have not been able to settle in the same areas for long periods.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Still, desert peoples have developed rich cultures without large concentrations of settlements.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[54] The earliest known people to live in the Sahara are the Berbers.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Arabs subjugated the Berbers in the 6th century and converted them to Muslims.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Four centuries later, Arab nomadic Bedouins took over the Berber lands in North Africa.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many Berbers adopted the Bedouin lifestyle, but others joined other peoples already living in the area.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The most famous Berber tribe is the Tuaregs.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They ruled for a long time the inner part of the Sahara.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Even though the Tuareg converted to Islam, they have retained their own culture and language.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[55] Tuareg society is matrilinear, meaning the genus is counted according to the mother, and feudal.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They are skilled soldiers and nomads who raise sheep, goats and cattle.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[56] The most famous desert people in southern Africa are the Sanit.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Sani inhabited a large area of southern Africa before Bantu peoples and Dutch colonists forced them to give way to better lands.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Since then, the Sani have adapted to desert life in the Kalahari.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[57] Bedouins living in the Arabian Peninsula are the most famous Arab nomads.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They divide themselves into the still-true camel nomads and those who live on the outskirts of the wilderness and raise sheep.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Bedouins were skilled soldiers like the Tuareg and were often involved in Arab expeditions of conquest.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Bedouins often moved around deserts in family clans, and the worst punishment was separation from the clan, which meant virtually certain death.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Although clans had strict boundaries and skirmishes were commonplace, towards visitors the Bedouin were often hospitable, as they knew the cruelty of the desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[58] The dromedary was domesticated in the Arabian Peninsula into the 21st century BCE.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

and since then the animal has been important to the nomads of the region.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In Bedouin culture, the dromedary is also a major tool in the conduct of marriages.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[59] The oasis cities of Central Asia became rich along the Silk Road.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, trade on the Silk Road was temporarily cut off after the Arab conquest of the 600s and 7th centuries.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

When the Mongols, the most famous nomadic nation of Central Asia, established a kingdom in the 13th century that expanded from East Asia all the way to the borders of Europe, the Silk Road opened again and Marco Polo was able to travel to China.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[60] Aborigines arrived in Australia about 40000 years ago.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Most likely, they colonized the dry areas last, 30000—26000 years ago.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

It was only after the arrival of Europeans that Aborigines began to be regarded as desert dwellers, as the more leafy areas were conquered by Europeans.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The desert Aborigines were, like the Sans, nomadic hunter-gatherers.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[60] Although the Aboriginal holdings were small, they created a rich culture with their many customs and beliefs.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

One of the most prominent beliefs is sleep time, which also involves Uluru towering on the edge of the desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[61] The first desert cultures in North America were the Hohokam culture, the Mogollon culture, and the Pueblo culture, which became known for its intricately built cities, the pueblos.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[62] Apaches and Navajo settled desert areas in the 14th century.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Apaches maintained their nomadic hunting culture, and the Navajo settled as farmers.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

They learned farming skills from pueblos.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

There were few people living in the deserts of South America.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Atacameños were the best-known inhabitants of the Atacama, and they farmed the sparse oases of the desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Patagonia was inhabited by Tehuelchs who benefited from the arrival of Europeans in the region, as they received horses from Europeans.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[63] Expeditions European explorers also became interested in desert areas at the end of the 18th century.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[64] The deserts had been explored even earlier.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Arab Ibn Battuta was the first to make accurate records of his travels in the deserts of Africa, and he explored, among other things, a caravan route to Timbuktu.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[65] In the Gobi Desert, the Venetian Marco Polo made significant observations and marked 28 places from which water was received.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[66] Europeans who made expeditions in Africa and Arabia were in constant danger, with Tuaregs, Bedouin and other Muslims hostile to representatives of other religions.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The German Friedrich Hornemann, who was the first European of the modern period to make extensive notes on the western Sahara at the end of the 18th century, disappeared while travelling to Lake Chad across the Sahara from present-day Libya.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

He is said to have died on the Niger River in 1801.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The first European to make it as far as Timbuktu was Scotsman Alexander Gordon Laing, but he was assassinated.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Frenchman René Caillié was also the first to make it back to Europe to testify about his trip.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[64] The Kalahari in the south of Africa was known to the Dutch as early as 1760, and as the first European it was crossed by the famous David Livingstone.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[67] Arabian expeditions often focused on pilgrimages to the Muslim holy city of Mecca.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

It was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that Europeans surveyed the interior parts of the Arabian Peninsula.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Richard Burton pioneered the position.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[67] Charles Montagu Doughty and Wilfrid Scawen Blunt studied Arabia extensively and lived with Bedouins in the late 1870s.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

It was not until 1931 that Bertram Thomas managed to cross the southern part of the peninsula to Rub' al-Khali.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Russians had mapped the steppes and deserts of Central Asia in order to expand the empire starting in the 18th century.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, Swede Sven Hedin was the most prominent geographer of the region, as he explored, among other things, the Taklimakan Desert during his 40-year travels beginning in 1893.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The numerous dinosaur skeletons in the Gobi Desert were discovered by Roy Chapman Andrews.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[68] The deserts of America were discovered by the Spanish in the 16th century.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The deserts of the lunchtime parts of North America were the first Europeans to roam the shipwrecked Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his three companions.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The stories they heard led the Spaniards to seek treasures in the area, which at the same time caused the oppression of the pueblo peoples.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

As the first U.S. citizen, the Great Basin was crossed by Jedediah Smith in 1828.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Interest in the Australian hinterland grew in the first half of the 19th century as there was a desire to establish contact across the continent between settlements on the west and south-east coasts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many expeditions had to be aborted and several people died.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[68] Charles Sturt was the first to reach the inland Simpson Desert in the 1840s.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[69] Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills were the first to pass across Australia but died on the return journey.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

During 1861—1862, John McDouall Stuart, who had already previously erected the British flag in the centre of Australia, passed across Australia from Adelaide to near present-day Darwin.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[70] Deserts and Science Deserts have been used for scientific research.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Because the deserts resemble the infertile and dead environments of other planets, NASA, among other things, has been testing its robots in the deserts of North and South America.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

There, conditions resemble the surface of the Moon and Mars.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

For astronomy research, deserts are good places, as there are few clouds and pollution, among other things.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Many of the greatest astronomy devices have been placed in desert mountainous regions.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Such is, for example, the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope, which is positioned in the Atacama Desert at the Paranal Observatory site.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[71] Many geologically, palaeontologically and archaeologically interesting finds have been made from deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In many places a bare rock face is visible in deserts, which is not covered by plants or a thick layer of soil.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Thanks to the drought, fossils have not dissolved in water.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

For the same reasons, archaeological sites are also easier to find and have often been spared the influence of other people.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Paleontological findings in deserts include Cretaceous dinosaur and mammal fossils from the Gobi Desert, and early whale and siren animal fossils from the Egyptian Desert.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The first remnants of ploughs and the earliest irrigation systems that have supported large-scale farming have also been found in the deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The Dead Sea Scrolls have survived for 2,000 years thanks to drought.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[72] Natural Resources Minerals Thanks to evaporation, salt deserts precipitate such as gypsum, salts such as sodium nitrate and sodium chloride, and borates.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Significant mineral resources are found in the United States in the Great Basin deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Boron obtained from borate is an important substance in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, enamel, agrochemicals, water softeners and pharmaceuticals.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[73] Atacama has particularly large salt reserves, and sodium nitrate used in explosives and fertilizers has been excavated from Atacama as early as the 19th century.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

During World War I, nearly three million tonnes of it were obtained from the region.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[73] There are many other minerals found in the deserts of the world.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

More than a third of the world's bauxite is excavated from the Australian deserts and more than half of the copper is obtained from the arid regions of Chile, Australia and Mexico.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In addition, diamonds, gold, iron ore, phosphate rock and uranium are excavated from the deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[74] The deserts of Africa and the Middle East have extensive oil reserves.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Oilfields were once formed in shallow seas, but are in arid regions today due to climate change.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[73] Agricultural products Thanks to extensive irrigation systems, agriculture can also be carried out in the desert, which can be harvested for export.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Thanks to the mild winter in the deserts, the installation of irrigation systems is useful, as harvest is obtained all year round.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[74] Cotton is especially produced in the deserts of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and dates, vegetables and flowers are grown in Israel.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In addition to farming, in deserts is able to profitably engage in aquaculture.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Crustaceans and fish are grown in the deserts of Arizona and Israel.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

In China and India, many desert plants are also harvested as herbs and medicinal herbs.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[74] Energy Deserts are promising places in terms of collecting solar energy.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Deserts are rarely cloudy and temperatures are often high, so methods based on both heat and sun rays are effective.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Large solar power plants have already been built in south-west America, the Sahara, South Africa and Australia.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The plants generate energy both directly from the sun's rays and by heating the medium with concentrating solar power.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[75] A new kind of solar power plant is a solar tower, the main element of which is a tall tower.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The principle of operation of the solar tower is based on air warming.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

The sun heats the air in the vicinity of the ground, which rises upwards.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Air is diverted to the tower, where it rotates turbines.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[75] According to the Desertec plan presented in 2007, Europe would receive one-sixth of its energy from solar power plants in the Sahara by 2050.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

At the same time, the power stations would purify drinking water from seawater for residents of the Sahara region.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Saharan solar power should be available to Europe by 2020.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Under the plan, 1,000 100-megawatt facilities would be built along the North African coast.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

According to German researchers, energy produced in desert regions of the Middle East and North Africa could cover the electricity needs of all of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East if 0.3% of the area's area were used for power generation.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[76] Desertification Desertification refers to the deterioration of land quality in arid regions, either as a result of natural climate variability or human activity.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

However, it does not really mean the spread of deserts.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[77] In addition to deserts, desertification can occur, for example, in fields, around cities and near animal watering sites.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Man causes desertification by, among other things, grazing excessively large quantities of livestock, using unsustainable farming methods, and felling trees.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[78] Vegetation in savannas and dry shrublands, which may otherwise be burdened naturally or due to human activity, may become increasingly depleted during long periods of drought.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

If the environmental pressure remains the same for a long time, the ecosystem can change permanently.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[11] Visible signs of land impoverishment include decreased plant cover and changes in flora.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[78] The threat of desertification is greatest south of the Sahara, the Sahel, the eastern, southern and northwestern regions of Africa, much of Australia, southern Asia and central North America.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[11] More than 250 million people live in deserting environments, and more than one billion people live in high-risk areas.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[79] Cold desert The cold deserts are called areas where less than 250 millimetres of rain per year and the average temperature in the warmest month is less than 10 degrees Celsius.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[80] There are cold deserts in the high latitudes of both the south and north in areas drier than the tundra.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Due to their low temperature and rainfall, as well as long and dark winters, vegetation is scarce.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Only a few flowering plants live in cold deserts, and these are mainly small hay and column plants.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

There are no trees and tall shrubs at all, and mosses and lichens form the main part of the vegetation.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[81] Due to low vegetation in cold deserts, wind can shape environments in the same way as in deserts proper, and consequently cold deserts have similar topography.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[82] However, cold deserts are not considered proper deserts, although they too have little rain and the vegetation cover is small.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Due to the low temperature, overall water evaporation is small, and therefore plants receive more water from snow meltwaters and rains than in hot deserts, where water evaporates from the soil considerably more.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

[83] See also Hedges List of deserts List of deserts by area Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Burroughs, William J. et al.| title = Weather| others = Translated by Sirkka Salonen and Tuulikki Valta| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1998| isbn = 951-20-5236-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ezcurra, Exequiel (ed.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

) | title=Global Deserts Outlook| location = Nairobi| publisher = United Nations Environment Program| year = 2006| isbn=92-807-2722-2| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [UNEP.org] | accessdate = 5.9.2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ganski, Ilkka| title = Ecology| publisher = WSOY| year = 1998| isbn = 951-0-21981-9}} Citation error, replace with {citation error, replace with {citation book| author = Harris, Nathaniel| title = Atlas of the World's Deserts| location = New York| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn| year = 2003| isbn = 1-5795-8310-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jennings, Terry| title = Weather Patterns| location = London| publisher = Evans Brothers| year = 2005| isbn = 97| isbn = 977| 8-0- 23752747-1| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Google Books] | accessdate= 5.9.2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laity, Julie| title= Deserts and Desert Enviroments| location = Chichester| publisher = John Wiley & Sons| year = 2008| isbn = 978-| isbn = 978-| 1-57718-033-3| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Google Books] | accessdate = 11/9/2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moore, David M.| title= GREEN Planet: The Story of Plant Life on Earth| location = Cambridge| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1982| isbn = 0-521-24610-5| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

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Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moore, Peter D.| title = Tundra| location = New York| publisher = Infobase Publishing| year = 2008| isbn=0-8160-5933-0| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Google Books] | accessdate = 11.9.2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nicholson, Sharon E.| title = Deserts| location = Dordrecht| publisher = Springer| year = 2005| version = Oliver, John E.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

(ed.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

): Encyclopedia of world climatology| isbn = 1-4020-3264-1| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

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Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert


Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

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Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

Desert

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Question: How much does a gilalisko weigh?

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* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Munich Airport or Franz Josef Strauß Airport () is an international airport in Germany, 28 kilometres northeast of Munich.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

It is Lufthansa's second base, along with Frankfurt Airport.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

In 2006, 30760,000 passengers passed through the airport, making it the second largest airport in Germany and the seventh largest in Europe.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

In 2006, the airport was named “Europe's best airport” and the third best in the world after Singapore Changi Airport and Hong Kong International Airport.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

[1] The Association of European Regional Airlines selected Munich Airport as the best airport of the 2007/8 season.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

History From 1939 to 1992 Munich was served by Munich-Riem Airport.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The first plans to expand the airport, or build a new airport, were made in 1954 as air travel grew in popularity.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

On August 5, 1969, the Bavarian government made a decision to build a new airport.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

When construction began on November 3, 1980, the village called Franzheim was demolished, and its 500 inhabitants were resettled around Munich.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The airport started operations on 17 May 1992, moving from the closed Munich-Riem Airport to the current airport.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

As Lufthansa's home ground, Frankfurt, had limited passenger capacity, Lufthansa established a second hub in Munich, providing air connections from both Frankfurt and Munich.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

In June 2003, a new Terminal 2 was completed to serve Star Alliance airlines exclusively.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

In 2017, the third so-called satelite terminal was completed.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

There is a train running from Terminal T2 beneath the stabling level in front.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Due to the increase in fast traffic, there is a shortage of “slots” in Munich, due to which there are plans to build a third runway.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Some residents in the surrounding area have opposed the project.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The airport is named after Franz Josef Strauß, who held a prominent, though sometimes conflicting, position in the politics of the Federal Republic of Germany from the 1950s until his death (1988).


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Strauß served for a long time as Prime Minister of Bavaria, and the decision to build the airport was taken by his government.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Strauß, who held a private pilot's licence, had an interest in the aviation industry.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Considered one of the fathers of Airbus, he was initially chairman of Airbus's supervisory board.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

[2] The airport is rarely spoken of under its official name, Flughafen München Franz Josef Strauß.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The company that owns and operates Munich Airport is called Flughafen München GmbH.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Location The field is semi-located in the towns of Freising and Erding, north of Munchen.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The border of the municipalities goes to Terminal T1.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Munich Airport is served from central Munich by lines S1 and S8 of the Munich S-Bahn network.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The journey takes 45 minutes and costs €8.80 per direction.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

A taxi ride costs around €50.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Airlines and destinations by terminal The airport has two terminals that are connected to each other.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Terminal 1 from Terminal 1 is operated by most non-Star Alliance airlines.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

There are 68 airlines in Terminal 1.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The terminal is divided into six hangars, denoted by the letters A-F.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The terminal opened on 17 July 1992 and is used by 20 million passengers annually.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Hall A LTU International (Adana, Alicante, Almeria, Arvidsjaur, Bangkok, Cancun, Catania, Colombo, Djerba, Dusseldorf, Faro, Fuerteventura, Fort Myers, Funchal, Hurghada, Ibiza, Cape Town, Corfu/Kerkyra, Lanzarote, Las Palmas, Luxor, Málaga, Male, Mauritius, Menorca, Miami, Monastir, Palma de Majorca, Phuket, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Reykjavik, Rhodes, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Sharm El Sheikh, Tenerife South, Vancouver, Varadero, Varna, Windhoek, Zakinthos) Hall B Air Mauritius (Port Louis) British Airways (London-Heathrow) Delta Air Lines (Atlanta) Hamburg International (Aktjubinsk, Ankara, Bodrum, Lourdes/Tarbes, Sulaymaniyah) Tunisair (Djerba, Monastir, Tunis) Condor (Agadir, Antalya, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Burgas, Cancun, Cayo Coco, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Fuchal, Hurghal Ibiza, Jerez de la Frontera, La Romana, Lanzarote, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Madrid, Mahe Island, Málaga, Male, Marsa Alam, Mauritius, Naples, Paphos, Palma de Mallorca, Phuket, Punta Cana, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Sharm el Sheikh, Taba, Tenerife, Varadero, Venice) Hall C Aeroflot (Moscow-Sheremetlot Jevo, St. Petersburg) Air Via (Burgas, Varna) Blue Wings (Istanbul-Ataturk, Izmir) Bulgarian Air Charter (Burgas, Varna) Emirates (Dubai) Etihad Airways (Abu Dhabi) Free Bird Airlines (Antalya) Inter Airlines (Antalya, Istanbul-Ataturk) Kavminvodyavia (Mineralnye Vody) Polet Airlines (Voronezh), Istanbul-Sabiha Gökçen) Rossiya (Saint Petersburg) Royal Jordanian (Amman) S7 Airlines (Moscow-Domodedovo) Sky Airline (Antalya) SunExpress (Antalya, Bodrum, Izmir) Syrian Arab Airlines (Aleppo, Damascus) TACV (Sal) Tajikistan Airlines (Istanbul-Ataturk, Dushanbe) TAROM (Bucharest- Otopeni, Sibiu) Ural Airlines (Yekaterinburg) UTAir Aviation (Tyumen) Hall D Aer Lingus (Dublin) Air France (Paris-Charles de Gaulle) operated by Brit Air (Lyon) Alitalia Alitalia Express (Milan-Malpensa, Rome-Fiumicino) Clickair (Barcelona) easyJet (Edinburgh, London-Stansted) Finnair (Helsinki) Iberia Airlines (Madrid) InterSky (Elba) KLM (Amsterdam) Operated by KLM Cityhopper (Amsterdam) Norwegian Air Shuttle (Oslo, Warsaw [from 28 October 2007]) Olympic Airlines (Athens) airBaltic (Riga, Vilnius) Czech Airlines (Prague) Germanwings (Cologne, Dortmund, Berlin) Estonian Air (Tallinn) Hall E This hangar is used only by inbound flights.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Hall F Hall F serves as the departure hall for Israeli flights.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

There works e.g.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

a police officer overseeing security.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Arkia Israel Airlines (Tel Aviv) El Al (Tel Aviv) Israir (Tel Aviv) Sun D'Or (Tel Aviv) Lufthansa (Tel Aviv) Hall Z (Zentralbereich) Air Transat (Calgary, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver) TUIfly (Antalya, Araxos, Bari, Bodrum, Cagliari, Cairo, Catania, Fu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Faro, Fuerteventura, Heraklion, Hurghada, Jerez de la Frontera, Kos, Lanzarote, Lamezia Terme, Las Palmas, Leipzig/Halle, Marsa Alam, Menorca, Monastir, Naples, Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Rhodes, Rijeka, Rimini, Sharm el Sheikh, Tel Aviv, Tenerife South, Thessaloniki, Venice) Terminal 2 Terminal 2 is used by airlines belonging to Star Alliance as well as other Lufthansa partners.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The terminal contains two transitite regions, G (Schengen states) and H (non-schengen states).


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

The terminal opened on June 29, 2003 and it handles 20 to 25 million passengers per year.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Twenty-six airlines operate from Terminal 2.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Aegean Airlines (Athens, Thessaloniki) Adria Airways (Ljubljana) Air Canada (Toronto-Pearson) Air China (Beijing) Air Malta (Malta) Austrian Airlines (Vienna) Brussels Airlines (Brussels) Cimber Sterling (Billund) Cirrus Airlines (Erfurt) Croatia Airlines (Zagreb) EgyptAir (Cairo) Jat Airways (Belgrade) LOT Polish Airlines (Gdansk, Warsaw) Operated by Eurolot (Katowice, Poznan, Wroclaw) Lufthansa (Ankara, Athens, Barcelona, Beijing, Berlin-Tegel, Boston, Bremen, Brussels, Bucharest-Otopeni, Budapest, Busan, Catania, Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare, Cologne /Bonn, Delhi, Denver, Dubai, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hanover, Helsinki, Hong Kong, Istanbul-Ataturk, Izmir, Yerevan, Kiev-Boryspil, Larnaca, Lisbon, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Madrid, Montréal [seasonal], Moscow-Sheremeevo, Münster/Osnabrück, Naples, New York-JFK, Nice, Oslo, Palma de Mallorca, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Rome-Fiumicino, St. Petersburg, San Francisco, São Paulo-Guarulhos, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Sofia, Stockholm-Arlanda, Tbilisi, Tokyo-Narita, Vienna, Warsaw, Washington-Dulles, Zurich) Lufthansa Regional Operated by Lufthansa CityLine (Amsterdam, Basel/Mulhouse, Birmingham, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bratislava, Bremen, Bucharest-Otopeni, Budapest, Cologne/Bonn, Copenhagen, Donetsk, Dortmund, Dresden, Düsseldorf, Florence, Gdansk, Geneva, Gothenborg-Landvetter, Hanover, Yerevan, Krakow, Leipzig/Halle, London-City, Lyon, Manchester, Marseille, Milan-Malpensa, Münster/Osnabrück, Naples, Nice, Oslo, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Porto, Sarajevo, Sofia, Stockholm-Arlanda, Timişoara, Tirana, Toulouse, Vienna, Warsaw, Westerland/Sylt, Zagreb, Zurich Air Dolomomb Operated by it (Ancona, Basel/Mulhouse, Bern, Bologna, Cagliari, Milan- Malpensa, Naples, Pisa, Prague, Rome-Fiumicino, Trieste, Turin, Venice) operated by Augsburg Airways (Dortmund, Florence, Graz, Olbia, Paderborn, Poznan, Stuttgart, Wroclaw, Zagreb) Luxair (Luxembourg, Saarbrücken) Qatar Airways) Scandinavian Airlines System (Copenhagen, Stockholm-Arlanda) South African Airways (Johannesburg [since July 2007]) Swiss International Air Lines (Zurich) TAP Portugal (Lisbon) Thai Airways International (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi) United Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, Washington-Dulles) US Airways (Philadelphia) Sources On topic elsewhere En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

at World Aero Data.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Data current as of October 2006.


Question: What is the name of Munich Airport?

Munich Airport

Airport Category:German airports Category:Key articles in screening


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The Vampire Diaries is a vampire-themed horror book series written by L. J. Smith.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The story centers on Elena Gilbert, a high school student who falls in love with the vampire brothers.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The original trilogy of the series was published in 1991, but due to pressure from readers, Smith wrote the fourth volume of The Dark Reunion for the series, which was published the following year.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

After several years, L. J. Smith published a new sister trilogy continuing the series in 1998; The Vampire Diaries: The Return, which tells the story from Damon's point of view.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The trilogy consists of the novels The Return: Nightfall, (January 10, 2009), The Return: Shadow Souls (May 16, 2010) and The Return: Midnight (March 15, 2011).


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

L. J. Smith has recently signed a contract for the second Vampire Diary trilogy.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The title of the first book in the upcoming series will be Phantom.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

[1] The following parts of the trilogy have been tentatively given as Evensong and Eternity.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Smith has told me the new books will focus on Elena and her friends in college.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Based on the book series “The Vampire Diaries”, a television series of the same name has been made, which began airing in the United States on 10 September 2009 and in Finland on 12 August 2010.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

[2] Plot The Awakening Elena Gilbert is Robert E. Lee high school's most beautiful and popular girl.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

After the death of her parents, Elena begins her senior year at school and wants to be the best at everything.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

When Elena notices her handsome new student, Stefan Salvatore, Elena wants this as her own.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Stefan avoids Elena like a contagious disease, for no reason.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

After months of avoidance, Stefan saves Elena from the clutches of Tyler Smallwood on the night of Homecoming Dance prom.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan takes Elena to his house and soon the couple share their first kiss.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

As the pair fall in love, the town of Fell's Church is terrorized by enigmatic and horrific “animal attacks”.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Too soon Elena and Stefan's love meets a great enemy: everyone considers Stefan to be the cause of the attacks.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

When Elena tries to bring Stefan closer together, she discovers Stefan's dark secret: Stefan is a vampire born during the Italian Renaissance in the late 16th century.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Stefan is not a murderer; the culprit is his diabolical brother Damon Salvatore, who lives to make Stefan's life miserable.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The brothers were turned into vampires by coquettish German Katherine, whom they both loved.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Katherine was sent to live with Stefan and Damon's family to recover from an “illness.”


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

When Stefan and Damon had an argument over Katherine and asked her to pick another one.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The next morning, Katherine's dress and ring were found in a pile of ash under a tree.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Damon and Stefan started fighting and eventually killed each other.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

They later awoke from the grave.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The reason Stefan had initially avoided Elena was because Elena bore so much resemblance to Katherine.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

For the same reason, Damon also started pursuing Elena.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Damon's ways of seduction were frighteningly romantic: he followed Elena in the form of a crow and penetrated her dreams.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Elena rejects Damon's rapprochement and remains loyal to Stefan.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Fighting Elena angers Damon.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

In the throes of rage, he incites Stefan into a fight.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

In the aftermath of the fight, Stefan disappears.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Residents of Fell's Church believe the disappearance tells them Stefan is behind the attacks.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

But Elena is sure of what really happened.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

She thinks Damon is responsible for Stefan's disappearance and knows Stefan is in grave danger.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Following the book The Struggle The Awakening, Elena approaches Damon regarding Stefan's whereabouts.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

But after Elena rebuffs Damon's romantic attempts at rapprochement, Damon refuses to help find Stefan.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena must turn to her best friends, Bonnie McCullough and Meredith Sulez.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Bonnie, who believes she possesses psychic powers, uses magic to track down Stefan.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The girls find out that Stefan is trapped at the bottom of the well, and dying.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

After Stefan's rescue, Elena offers her own blood to help him heal.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The city still believes that Stefan is the cause of the terrible attacks and thus Stefan is still forced to face the hostility of the city after his rescue.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

As the city's Memorial Day approaches, Elena reaches her breaking point.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena's nemesis, Caroline Forbes stole Elena's diary.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena spilled all her secrets into her diary, and its contents can be interpreted as evidence for Stefan's violent crimes.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Worried about Stefan's mental well-being, Elena enlists the help of her friends in getting her diary back.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Bonnie, Meredith, and Elena break into Caroline's house in search of a diary, without success.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

As Caroline's family returns home, Elena strays from the other girls and has to fall out the window while Damon pulls her to safety.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Damon offers his help to find the book - if Elena gives her blood in return.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena refuses.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Vampires can enter inside the house only if they are invited in and after that they can come and go as they please.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

To get to Elena's home, Damon gets Elena's uncle Robert to invite himself to Thanksgiving dinner.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Later that night, Elena overhears Damon breaking inside the house.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Elena knows she is safe, as her room is in the older part of the house (half of Elena's home burned down hundreds of years ago and was rebuilt).


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

But as Damon threatens Elena's younger sister, Elena sacrifices herself.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Damon presses Elena into an exchange of blood.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Soon Elena tells Stefan about her diary.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan tells Elena that even if Caroline reveals the contents of Elena's diary to the entire town, Stefan will not escape and will fight for his innocence because he loves Elena.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan proposes to Elena and they exchange blood.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

On Memorial Day in the city, Elena and her friends do their best to steal Elena's diary, but their attempt is useless.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

When Caroline is about to read an extract from Elena's diary it becomes clear that diaries have been exchanged - Caroline is about to read her own diary.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Damon stole Elena's book back.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Damon smugly accepts Elena's thanks, but his pleasure soon turns to anger when he learns of Elena's engagement.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena's aunt and uncle are also not thrilled with the matter.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Frustrated with their reactions, Elena crashes out, borrowing her friend's car.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena angrily drives to Stefan's apartment, but after getting there, Stefan is not home and there is something strange about the weather.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena thinks Damon's powers are responsible.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

But the weather becomes more ruthless and it wants Elena dead... Elena feels something lurking in the dark.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

He returns back to his car and tries to cross the flowing water, which he believes will keep himself safe.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, the bridge breaks and Elena is hit by water.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

He drowns in the car.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan, Bonnie and Meredith find Elena dead in the river.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan leaves her under a willow tree and sets out to find Damon, believing him to be responsible for Elena's death.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Elena wakes up as a vampire after earlier drinking enough of Stefan and Damon's blood to initiate the transformation.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

In The Fury At the beginning of the book, a freshly “altered” Elena watches Damon and Stefan fight.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, he does not recognize the brothers due to their confused condition, but soon realizes the person he loves is in trouble and needs him.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The reader is led to believe that Elena is referring to Stefan, with whom she has a passionate relationship.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Elena attacks him intending to kill Stefan, her hurt Damon.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

After recognizing Elena, Stefan does not fight back but instead lets her bite himself.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Damon eventually tells Elena to stop and takes her to find human blood.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan is worried about possible new human bodies, but knows that Elena must drink human blood to complete the transformation.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan explains to Matt what has happened to Elena, causing Matt to let Elena drink her own blood.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Later, Damon hides Elena in Alaric Saltzman's attic and after resting her memories begin to return too.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena is saddened by her attack on Stefan and sneaks out of Alaric's house after overhearing a conversation that suggests that the history teacher isn't what she seems.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Trying to digest all new information, Elena walks into the middle of her own memorial service.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The great anxiety she has experienced also brings Stefan and Damon to the scene.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan is relieved to find Elena remembering their love and Damon is furious.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, the trio are baffled to discover the strange behaviour of the town's resident pet dogs.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The dogs sit, like waiting for an order, until the owner of one of the dogs tries to approach his dog, at which point the herd attacks him.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Stefan saves this.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

New strange events lead three vampires, Bonnie, Meredithi, Matt and Alaric to find out that the Force that forced Elena off the bridge is still in town and that it specifically targets all Elena's loved ones.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

It turns out that Katherine, the vampire who transformed Damon and Stefan, faked her own death 500 years earlier in an attempt to bring the brothers closer.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, his plan backfired and even more mutually hating brothers ended up killing each other.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Katherine was furious at the brothers' resentment, so she fled to the vampire who turned herself, Klaus.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Katherine gained more and more powers and became very unstable, killing her doctrine father Klaus.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Eventually, Elena forgets her hatred for Damon when she finds out that this isn't bad but different.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Katherine found out Stefan was in love with Elena.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Out of jealousy, he plots revenge, starting with Stefan's systematic torture.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

He eventually got Damon, Stefan, and Elena tied up in an underground crypt, where he planned to torture and eventually expose them to the sun.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

As Katherine contemplates the best order and method for killing them, Elena gets herself off the ropes and forces Katherine to face the light of the sun after taking this protective piece of jewelry first for herself.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena keeps Katherina in the light until she crumbles to ashes.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Since Katherine had previously taken Elena's protective ring, Elena was also badly burned in the sun.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan pulls Elena back into the shadows, but too late; Elena dies on Stefan's arms after first getting Stefan to promise to take good care of Damon.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The book ends with Bonnie's diary entry in which she admits that Elena was neither perfect nor a saint, but she made a crucial sacrifice to save the city.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

In The Dark Reunion Bonnie has dreams about Elena in Another World, but dreams soon turn scary.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The source of the force has infiltrated the town of Fells Church, leaving the people of the town in danger.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Without knowing what to do Meredith, Matt and Bonnie use a summoning spell to contact Stefan and Damon — but which side is Damon on?


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The novel expands the notion of Bonnie and Meredith as characters with Bonnie taking a place as narrator while writing in her diary.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

A potential relationship also emerges between her and Matt Honeycutt.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

While researching books in the library, Stefan realizes Tyler Smallwood is a werewolf.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

They form a plan to lure Tyler to the cemetery.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Threatening this, Tyler reveals startling information about the killer.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

They find out that Klaus, the vampire who turned Katherine into a vampire, is the killer and has taken Caroline prisoner.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The foursome finds out from Meredith's crazy grandfather that the only thing that can weaken Klaus is white peach.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Klaus makes a deal with Stefan “Come alone or the girl dies.”


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Bonnie, Meredith and Matt try to get Stefan to drink their blood before they leave to make this stronger, but Stefan refuses and forbids them to follow.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, they ignore his orders and follow.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

They see Stefan with a white peach stick in his hand and Bonnie realizes everything is a trap and yells at Stefan before he gets hurt.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Soon a fight breaks out at the old Francher's seat deep in the Old Forest.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan, Matt, Meredith and Bonnie are losing the battle and Stefan is on the brink of death.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

However, Damon shows up and proves his loyalty in an attempt to kill Klaus.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Although Klaus is badly injured, he manages to wound Damon.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Bonnie screams to help Elena.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena appears carrying a glowing haze of the spirits of Civil War soldiers who fought and died in the town of Fell's Church.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

They attack Klaus and take him away.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The ending is very surprising for Elena's friends with her almost leaving forever, but still getting a chance to come back.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Elena decides she wants to live.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

The Return: Nightfall After Elena sacrificed herself to save the vampire brothers who loved her -handsome Stefan and dangerous Damon- she was granted fate from behind death until she was pulled back by a powerful supernatural force.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Now Elena is just human.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

She has powers and gifts that she received after her life and her blood pulsates with a crushing and unique power that makes her blood irresistible to all vampires.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Stefan wants to find a way to keep Elena safe so they can live together.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

But the town of Fell's Church is again in peril.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Two magical fox spirits named Shinichi and Misao have arrived in the city.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

These two beings, called Kitsuns, gain control of Damon, using Malachi, which they use to gain control of this body.


Question: How many books are included in The Vampire Diaries book series?

The Vampire Diaries (book series)

Out of their influence, Stefan is lured out of town by the lure of mortality.