Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

Valesupernova Valesupernova is an event in which a supermassive star explodes only partially giving rise to a shock wave typical of a supernova, however brightening only marginally compared to a supernova.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

In fake supernova, the star is also not completely destroyed.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

Researchers at the University of Berkeley speculate that the explosion of Eta Carinae, which occurred in 1843, would have been a fake supernova instead of a surface eruption.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

The team of researchers also speculate that the closing moments of more than 30 sun-massed supermassive stars may include more smaller explosions before the star implodes into a black hole.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[16] Naming supernovae Supernovae are named after a given formula.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

At the beginning of the name are the letters SN (SuperNova) followed by the year number and finally the letter or pair of letters identifying it, the number of supernovae observed in that year.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

From January 1, capital letters A to Z are used first, followed by the lower case pairs aa, ab, ac,..., az, ba,... until the end of the year.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[17] The designation of supernovae is responsible for the International Astronomical Union's Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT), located in conjunction with the Harvard Observatory.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

The IAU changed the naming convention since 1 January 2016 so that potential supernovae are first named with a provisional name starting with the letters AT, for example AT 2018bki and after discovery is verified spectroscopically to supernova the prefix is changed to SN.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[17] [18] Known supernovae The most detailed notes of historical supernovae in our Milky Way are that of the Chinese, who have recorded a total of seven definite explosions since the beginning of time.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

The remains of all these explosions are still detectable.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[19] [20] Crab nebula (M1) Crab nebula, known as the Crustacean nebula, is a supernova relic in the constellation of Taurus, where an exploding star was observed on 4 July 1054. At that time, the Chinese recorded that they had seen it even in the middle of the day for 23 days, after which it began to fade, however, visible in the night sky for another couple of years.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[4] Now a fog resembling a crustacean is seen at the site, emitting light, radio waves, almost all species of electromagnetic radiation.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[21] In the middle of the fog is a fast-spinning pulsar, a neutron star whose rotation time around its axis is still a staggering 0.03 seconds.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[22] The fog expands approx.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

at a speed of 1000 km/s.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[23] [24] Compared to the first photographs of the 20th century, the fog is observed to have clearly enlarged.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[25] SN 1572 and SN 1604 A supernova named SN 1572 was observed by Danish Tyko Brahe in 1572.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[26] The most recent supernova explosion seen in our own galaxy was observed by Kepler and Chinese, Japanese and Korean astronomers in 1604.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[27] [28] SN 1604 observed in the constellation of the Snakebearer was somewhat brighter than Sirius at its brightest, and could be seen in the night sky with the naked eye for about a year.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[5] SN 1987A SN 1987A is the most famous and one of the most studied supernovae of recent times.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[29] On 23 February 1987, it was a supernova exploding in the Great Magellan Cloud (LMC) less than 170,000 light-years away, [30] which was visible to the naked eye in the Southern Hemisphere.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[31] Initially built to observe the Sun, neutrino detectors across the Earth detected already about 3 hours before the visual supernova observation a crawl of about two dozen neutrinos struck in a short period of time, which was the first time that from far outside the Solar System and Neutrinos were detected in the supernova.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

The incident was the first in which a known star exploded.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

SN 2006gy SN 2006gy was a supernova first observed at McDonald Observatory on September 18, 2006.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

The explosion occurred in the galaxy NGC 1260, belonging to the constellation Perseus, located 72 megaparsecs from Earth.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

SN 2006gy has an absolute magnitude of −22, making it the brightest supernova ever observed.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

The exploded star has a mass of more than 100 solar masses, possibly as high as 130—150 solar masses.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

On 19 February 2007, SN 2007ae Markku Nissinen and Veli-Pekka Hentunen discovered a new supernova known under the catalogue symbol SN2007ae at Härkämäki Observatory.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

SN2007ae was located in a galaxy known by the catalogue symbol UGC 10704 with more precise coordinates of R.A = 17h01m51s.95 and declination = +79°01'54.6.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[32] [33] The supernova was type 1a and had a brightness of about 17.4 magnitudes at the time of description.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[32] This supernova is the first to be discovered and described in Finland.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[34] Astronomer Seppo Mattila has previously discovered supernovae, but his discoveries have been made in the Canary Islands and Chile.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

[35] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Maalampi, Jukka (ed.


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

) | title = Where do you go, universe?


Question: Who discovered the Eeta Carinae star system?

Supernova

Posts about cosmos| location = Helsinki| publisher = Physics cost| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-97790-0-0}} On topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) * Category:Astronomical events Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Hyenas (Hyaenidae) is a family of predators.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

The family includes four species, all of which are found in Africa; streaked hyena also in the Middle East and India.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Hyenas are more closely related to felines, civets, and mangusts than canines.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

[1] Description Types of hyenas are robust physique, strong head and large ears.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

[2] The peculiarities of the tribe include stronger jaws than other mammals, with which they can crush even hard bone, and very efficient digestion.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

[3] Hyenas of indigestible nutrition vomit, defecating mainly on lime.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

[4] Only the horns and hooves they leave alone.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Hyenas run, moving the front and rear limbs of the same side at the same time.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Hyenas have a very accurate sense of smell and hearing, but their sense of vision is weak.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

[3] Hyenas hunt large prey animals in packs, but smaller ones on their own.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Many species of hyena eat carrion too.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Species Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) Rusko- or mantle hyena (Hyaena brunnea) Juovahyena (Hyaena hyaena) Maaswolf (Proteles cristatus) Spotted hyena, the largest of the hyenas, preys on largeyak animals and also visits scavengers.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

The word hyena often refers specifically to spotted hyena.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Stripes and lignite are eaters of small animals, fruits and carrion.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Unlike other hyenas, the land wolf does not go on scavengers and does not kill large animals, due to its comparatively weak jaws and small size.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

The land wolf is a timid eater of termites.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

In 2008, the Commission on Mammal Nomenclature proposed termite hyena as the new Finnish name for the country.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

[5] Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Is the hyena a dog or a feline?

Hyenas

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The history of the Finnish network can be considered to extend at least to March 20.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

1849, when Colonel Alfred Stjernvall, the head of the Department of Road and Civil Engineering, proposed the construction of a horse-drawn railway from Helsinki to Turkhau.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track would have crossed Salpausselät and connected the country's capital with navigable Järvi-Finland.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Governor-General ordered the matter to be investigated, and in 1851 a plan was completed to build a locomotive railway from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[1] In 1862, the first section of the Finnish network was opened in 1862, which is now part of the Finnish main line.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] At the end of the 19th century, trains in Finland were designed to travel only 25 kilometres per hour, so the journey was slow but still faster than horse rides.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The main part of the line was built between 1850 and 1900.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Finland was poor and the wages paid to the workers small.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

An efficient mode of transport was needed to transport both finished products and raw materials.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

After all, the United States and England had seen their watershed impact on the economy.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Finland was going through rapid industrialisation.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The tracks were built around that time by the Grand Duchy of Finland, and the building funds for the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line were raised, among other things, through a liquor burning tax, when the Crown received little money elsewhere.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Accumulation of this tax was slowed, among other things, by the great years of disappearance at the end of the 1850s.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

There have been quite a few new sections of track in the latter part of the 20th century.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Some of the biggest projects have been the Äänekoski—Haapajärvi line in 1960 [3] and the Martinlaakso commuter rail line in 1975 [3].


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Since 1970, mainly short tracks have been built.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

These include the track from Tampere via Parkano to Seinäjoki, completed in 1971 [2] [3], and the Kerava—Lahti Oikorata, completed in 1978 [2] [3], and the Kerava—Lahti Oikorata completed in 2006 [3] [4].


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The short tracks were made to short the bends that slowed the running of trains and to increase capacity.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Railroads were in some degree of depression from the 1960s onwards because it was believed automobiles would be the mode of transportation of the future.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The perception has had to be revised in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, as traffic congestion and growing environmental awareness advocate a new rise in railways.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Development The construction of railways began relatively late in Finland.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The first section of the line was opened on 17 March 1862 between Helsinki and Hämeenlinna [5]; this later became the main line in Finland.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In 1870 [2] [3] a connection to Saint Petersburg was completed, which at that time was an important link with the capital of the Tsarist Empire.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Since Finland was part of the Russian Empire, Russian gauge (1,524mm/5', now 1520mm in Russia) began to be used here.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The extension of the Helsingin-Hämeenlinna line through Toijala to Tampere and the branch line from Toijala to Turku were opened to traffic on 22 June 1876.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[5] [6] This is how the three largest cities in the country were combined.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In 1883 there followed a connection from Tampere via Haapamäki to Seinäjoki and Vaasa [2] [3] and in 1886 Oulu was also connected to Seinäjoki. [2] [3].


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In 1909, the railways finally also took to Rovaniemi, the capital of Lapland.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] [7] Thereafter, construction of new lines was reduced for an extended period of time, and the wars did not improve the situation.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Since the main line that ran to Joensuu, starting from Vyborg in the Peace Treaty of 1944, was most affected by the Soviet Union, it was built to replace in 1966 the connection from Parikkala to Onkamo.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] [3] In the next decade, more track was finally built, for example the Tampere—Lielahti—Parkano—Seinäjoki line, which significantly shortened the travel time between Southern Finland and Northern Finland.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

1965 began an extensive electrification project.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The advantage of the late start was that the latest technology could be used, namely 25 kV and 50Hz, which even today is the best technology.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Electrification has the advantage of lower energy consumption and pollution free.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Electrification started on the section of line from Helsinki to Kirkkonummi.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Timetable electric train services to Kirkkonummi began on 26 January 1969.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[8] Many routes were electrified only in the 1990s, such as Tampere—Jyväskylä in 1994 and Helsinki to Turku in 1995.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Electrification to the Oulu—Rovaniemi section was completed after a few years of construction in December 2004 [9] and the Oulu—Iisalmi/Vartius sections in 2006.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Southern Finland Finland's first railway for public transport, the current main line, from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna was completed in 1862.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] The rail link from Helsinki via Riihimäki and Vyborg to Saint Petersburg was opened in 1870.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] [10] Finland was then an autonomous Grand Duchy under Russian rule.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track from Riihimäki to Saint Petersburg was built deep inland for military reasons so that enemies could not easily use it for their own needs.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Capital Region Railway has been a major factor in the development of Vantaa.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The railway has the advantage of being a much more efficient route than road in terms of transport capacity for transferring passengers and goods.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The railway has had a very significant impact on Vantaa's population and economic structure.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

With that, people moved to new areas as the track made it possible to work in Helsinki.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The first section of line was opened from Helsinki to Hämeenlinna on 17 March 1862, construction work began in 1857.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[11] The second track was built between Pasila and Tikkurila in 1899, the following year it was extended as far as Kerava.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The third track was made from Helsinki to Tikkurila in 1972 and north of Tikkurila in 1981.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Vantaankoski track, which separates from the beach track in Huopalahdi, was completed in 1975.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] When electrified, traffic began to run regularly from Helsinki to Kirkkonummi in January 1969 and to Siikjaharju in September 1970.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[12] Eastern Finland Riihimäki—Saint Petersburg line was completed in 1870, [3] and in 1890 the Kouvola—Kotka line was built.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] From the 1860s, railway issues arose in Savossak.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Several alternative plans existed for the railway network; one plan already presented in the early 1860s required the construction of the lines Helsinki—Hämeenlinna—Tampere—Vaasa and Viipuri—Lappeenranta, Kuopio—Oulu, as well as transverse connection lines for these, including Hämeenlinna—Mikkeli.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

However, the first to reach Finland was the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line and the Riihimäki—Saint Petersburg line.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Savo line from Kouvola to Kuopio was complete in 1889, [3] and opened to traffic on 1 October 1889.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[5] The original Karelian line from Vyborg via Sortavala to Joensu and the branch line from Antrea to Imatra were built between 1890 and 1894.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] [3] It was later extended from Joensuu to Lieksa in 1910 [3], to Nurmes in 1911 [3] and from there further through Kontiomäki to Oulu.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The section of the line between Nurmes and Oulu was completed in stages between 1926 and 1930.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] The cross track from Elisenvaara along the Karelian line via Savonlinna, Pieksämäki and Jyväskylä to Haapamäe, along the Ostrobothnia line, was built in stages between 1897 and 1918.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The first section between Haapamäki and Jyväskylä was completed in 1897, the last between Jyväskylä and Pieksämäki in 1918.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[2] [3] This rail link from St. Petersburg through the interior of Finland to the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia to Nikolainkaupunki (now.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

For strategic reasons, the Russian government considered it very important because the old Riihimäen-Saint Petersburg line was located so close to the coast of the Gulf of Finland that it might have fallen into enemy control during the war [13].


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

As recently completed, the track really gained considerable strategic significance, but not for the Russians, but for the Whites of the Finnish Civil War, since the Riihimäen—Vyborg line was the Red, this new line instead entirely in the White-dominated area and connected the old north— southbound track sections.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[13] Since the southern part of the Karelian line remained in the area ceded after World War II, it was built to replace the track from Parikkala to Onkamo in the 1960s.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Prior to that, the line from Varkaus to Joensuu had served shortly before the war, the line from Varkaus to Joensu, completed in 1939 [2].


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Ostrobothnia Tampere—Vaasa railway was built between 1879 and 1883.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track site was divided into three districts.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Of these, the first extended from Tampere to Pollar, the second from Pollar to Alavude and the third from Alavude to Vaasa.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

At the busiest time, up to 4000 track builders were at work.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track circled around the eastern side of Lake Näsijärvi and was tens of kilometres longer than the later-built short track through Parkano.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The planning of the lines from Hämeenlinna in Southwest Finland to Turku and Tampere began even before the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line was completed.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The first plans were made by the Corps of Engineers under Colonel Knut Stjernvall as early as 1860.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Governor-General Berg presented the plans to the Senate, which in 1861 installed a committee to study the extension of the railway from Hämeenlinna to Tampere.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[14] In the spring of 1861, a group of Tampereans led by Adolf Törngren, the master of the Linen factory, left the government with calculations on the benefits of the Hämeenlinna-Tampere railway, and the Senate submitted to the Emperor that, after the completion of the Helsinki—Hämeenlinna line, it would be planned to build a line from Hämeenlinna to Hämeenlinna To Tampere, but the Russian Emperor moved the project to a later date due to the construction of the main east-facing tracks.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[15] [16] [17] [18] Since the Riihimäki—Saint Petersburg line became an emergency relief site during the shortage and, on the other hand, because the then Grand Prince of Russia wanted, the Hämeenlinnan-Tampere line moved to the Hämeenlinnan-Tampere line as well as the railway line that branched from it all the way to the 1870s.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In the first half of the 1870s, the state had agreed to build the line with a subcontractor from Turku.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The contract included a condition that the contract would be cancelled if the subcontractor did not start work by a certain date.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The area pohatas agree with the subcontractor on the direction of the track.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

For example, Axel Wilhelm Wahren, founder of the Forssa Companies, had agreed with a subcontractor to build a line through Forssa.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

To Wahreen's disappointment, the subcontractor did not begin construction by the agreed date when the contract was cancelled, and Wahren failed to get the track to Forssa, despite trying everything still afterwards.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

However, a narrow-gauge railway connection was obtained to Forssa from Humppila in 1898 when the Jokioinen Railway was built.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Having learned from the mistake, the Grand Duchy of Finland decided not to acquire a subcontractor and built the track itself.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The track was built with Russian labour, as it was cheaper at the time.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Russian crew, on the other hand, were also more brawl-prone and lazier.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Russian track builders also left their own handprint in some places, namely trees along the track.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

While constructing the Siberian Track, these workmen had learned to sow trees along the tracks; in Siberia, trees protected the railroad from the wind.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The Hämeenlinnan—Tampere and Toijal—Turku lines were completed on 13 January 1876 [2] [3] [6] [16] [19], although it was not until 22 June 1876.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[5] According to statistics, at first there were occasional people on the track, but as summer passed, the daily need for travel grew drastically.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[19] On the Turku—Toijala line, a diesel-powered VR locomotive regularly ran between Kyrö—Turku in the 1920s.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In 1903, another line to Turku was completed, from Pasila in Helsinki to Karja and the waterfront track through Salo.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

[3] It was largely built as single track.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

After World War II, the track ran across the Porkkala rental area and remained out of use for a few years in this regard.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

An agreement was later reached on the right of way, but there were still difficulties with the issue, which led President J. K. Paasikivi to propose the construction of a new track to circumvent the leased area from its north side.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Already on the same occasion there were plans to electrify the line.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The president considered the idea quite extensively in his diaries, but eventually the idea lapsed when Porkkala was restored much earlier than planned, in 1956.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The initial section of the line from Helsinki to Kirkkonummi was electrified as Finland's first track in 1969.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In other respects, it was not until the 1980s that the track began basic improvement.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

It was not fully electrified until 1995 when the Pendolinos entered service.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Northern Finland Before the wars there were plans to build railways in Northeast Country to Kuusamo and from Rovaniemi to Petsamo.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Other rail plans to be mentioned have also included so-called. Rahja harbour track in Kalajoki, as well as a line straight in the so-called. Kairanmaa track from Vuolijoki to Otanmäti.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The influence of railways on municipal structure The railways played a major role in the creation of the Finnish settlement structure.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Many new cities such as Hyvinkää, Riihimäki, Karjaa, Kouvola, Seinäjoki, Pieksämäki and Ylivieska have emerged around railway junction stations.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

As recently as the 1960s, railways had a station on average every 3.4 km (3.1km for metropolitan commuter rail), and a significant proportion of the population lived in detached houses in station villages forming long strip towns along the tracks.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Things were taken care of by train in bigger towns and neighbouring villages in the absence of cars.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

In this case, today's ideal of single-family housing was realised at the end of good and environmentally friendly transport links.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Even today, Finland's population is concentrated along the railways and the tracks pass through almost every little larger municipality, even if the actual passenger traffic has ceased.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

As station villages have become quiet and passenger depletion caused by motoring, stops have been reduced.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

The role of trains today is to provide high-speed connections between major cities and commuter rail in a densely populated metropolitan area.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Literature Schivelbusch, Wolfgang: History of Train Journey, Vastapaino, 1996, ISBN 951-768-010-4 Lindeqvist, K. O.: History of Finland, WSOY, Porvoo, 1906 Sinisalo, Uuno: Tampere Book: description of the stages of Tampere and the current city, Tampere, 1947 Voionmaa, Väinö: History of Tampere III: History of Tampere in the last decades (1856—1905), Tampere, 1907—1910 Editorial board: Suolahti, Gunnar et al.: Cultural History of Finland.


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network


Question: When was Finland's first railway built?

History of the Finnish rail network

Time of industrialism and national ascent, Gummerus, Jyväskylä, 1936 See also History of gauge lines - Includes history of Finnish gauge Riihimäki-Saint Petersburg line - Includes early history of the Finnish rail network Sources On the topic elsewhere, Finnish Rail Administration (FRA) Opeko.fi/Tiina S., 2006 Tampere Book Printing Oy, 1920, Tampere Fennada-Filmi Junior — * Category:History of Technology


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

A supernova is a star explosion that can arise in two different ways.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

A massive star may implode at the end of fusion due to its own gravity into a neutron star or black hole, or in double stars a white dwarf may increase its mass beyond the Chandrasekhar limit.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[1] Supernovae occur on average every 50 years in a galaxy the size of the Milky Way.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[1] [2] When a total of hundreds of supernovae were observed each year in different galaxies, 1454 supernovae were discovered in 2013, and the number has increased from that too.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[3] The luminosity of a supernova follows the characteristic light curve depending on its type, where it quickly brightens up to a maximum brightness in a few days until it begins to fade silently dimmer.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[1] Many supernovae observed with the naked eye have been visible for up to years.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

What remains of the exploding supernovae is a supernova remnant that glows for a long time at many different wavelengths and can be seen for thousands of years.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[4] [5] Supernovae form elements heavier than iron, such as uranium, tin and gold.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[1] The remnants of supernovae assume the genesis of new stars and solar systems, and that stars and planets are created from the nuclear debris of ancient supernovae.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[6] Supernova candidates from the stars of our Milky Way have been nominated for e.g.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

giant stars Rho Cassiopeiae, [7] Eta Carinae [8] [9] and Orion Betelgeuze, [10] [11] which no longer have very much lifespan left.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

In practice, however, before these, the next supernova in our own galaxy might be one of the billions of stars in our galaxy.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Types of supernovae According to the spectrum, supernovae are divided into types I and II.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The criteria are as follows: Type I No hydrogen Balmer lines [1] Type Ia Silicon Si-II line 615.0 nm [12] Type Ib Helium He I line 587,6 nm Type Ic Weak or missing HE lines Type II Hydrogen Balmer lines [1] Type II-P Flat lightcurve [1] Type II-P Flat lightcurve [1] Type II-L Linearly descending lightcurve [1] Type I supernovae Type I supernovae are typically old stars.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

In Type Ia, the explosive star is a white dwarf belonging to a double star system, whereas in types Ib and Ic it is a massive Wolfin—Rayet star at the far end of its life cycle.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Type Ia supernova A white dwarf star entering the end of its life cycle can explode as a supernova if it has a companion star that drains hydrogen gas onto the surface of the white dwarf.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

As the mass of the star approaches the Chandrasekhar limit (about 1.4 mass of the Sun), oxygen and carbon atoms in the star's innards begin to fuse into heavier elements.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

In ordinary main-series stars, nuclear reactions occurring at the center of the star occur in a controlled manner, as the radiation pressure of the energy released in the reactions prevents a chain reaction from occurring by pushing the gas apart.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

However, a white dwarf is much denser than a main-series star, and instead of radiation pressure, it is supported by the Fermi pressure of electrons.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Radiation pressure is not enough to regulate the number of nuclear reactions.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Once ignited by a fusion flame, it spreads rapidly due to turbulence phenomena and, in particular, Rayleigh-Taylor instability.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[1] After a long simmering period, as temperatures rise beyond the critical limit, nuclear reactions accelerate so that a significant portion of the star's carbon and oxygen resources fuse into heavier elements within a few seconds.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[13] In this case, the amount of energy released is enormous, about 10 44 J {\ displaystyle 10^ {44} J}, which is easily enough to break the gravitational bonds of the star.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The star explodes abruptly, creating a shock wave that pushes matter at a fraction of the speed of light outward.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The energy released also causes a large change in the luminosity of the star.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Typically, a Type Ia supernova is about 5 billion times brighter than the Sun.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Type Ib and Ic supernova A type Ib supernova exploding star is a Wolfin—Rayet star that has mostly lost almost 90% of its original mass due to the solar wind.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

As a result of such an explosion, a neutron star or possibly a black hole is created, depending on the mass of the star.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Type Ib produces about 0.3 of the Sun's mass of iron to the parent chalk.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Type Ic is very rare, and differs from Type Ib only in terms of helium lines.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

A Type II supernova In a Type II supernova, the exploding star is a huge star with a mass of more than 10 Suns that has burned out its hydrogen fuel, and where the helium fusion phase is nearing its end.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Heavier stars normally evolve through a red giant stage to a state where the central iron core is in a nuclear energetic energy well, when the fusion of elements heavier than iron no longer brings energy, but consumes it.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Fusion reactions in the center stop.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

At lightning speed, a situation develops in which the iron core is no longer able to resist the pressure created by gravitational forces in the upper layers, but an implosion occurs as the center mass crosses the Chandrasekhar boundary.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

As the center implodes, it heats up, producing high-energy gamma radiation, which allows iron to decay into helium nuclei and free neutrons.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The center of the star implodes, producing a huge shockwave.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

At the same time, the outer layers (about 90 percent of the star's mass) explode outward.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

A neutron star emerges at the center.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Hydrogen lines appear in the spectral lines of light.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Type II supernovae are most commonly found in galaxy branches and younger star populations.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

In Type II supernovae, the implosion of the nucleus eventually stops at the implosion pressure of the neutron state, where the density of matter is the same as that of the atomic nucleus.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

If the mass of the star is sufficient, it may happen that the shock wave generated when the centre implodes also rips apart the centre itself, and nothing remains of the supernova, but the whole star literally spreads across space.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

However, if the mass of the star is sufficiently large (around 25—50 mass of the Sun), and if the shock wave cannot erupt and tear the centre apart, the centre will collapse into a black hole after the neutron star space.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

But necessarily even that mass is not enough to create a black hole, but a magnetar can result.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Hypernova Theory holds that a supermassive star (more than 40 Sun masses) might end its days as a hypernova.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The core of the star collapses directly into a black hole, the rest of the star is ejected into space and at the same time two very powerful energetic plasma jets erupt from the rotating poles at almost the speed of light.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

These jets emit intense gamma radiation in the direction of the poles.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Hypernovia has been proposed as an explanation for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Over the course of a minute in such an eruption, the radiation energy of a million galaxies can (seemingly) be released.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

It has also been suggested that a hypernova may arise in the collision of two neutron stars, with a black hole as a result.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

It has been suggested that the amount of energy triggered by the hypernova could be sufficient to eradicate life from Earth.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

According to a 2005 study published by NASA and the University of Kansas, the mass extinction of the so-called Ordovician Period 450 million years ago may have been caused by a hypernova gamma ray burst that hit Earth.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Only a ten-second burst has been enough to eradicate Earth's protective ozone layer.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

With the destruction of the ozone layer, the Sun's ultraviolet radiation could kill off much of the soil surface and ocean surface layer biota, entangling food chains so that mass extinction has resulted in mass extinction.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[14] A hypernovae eruption may be damaging to life another 6500 light years away if the Earth is in the direction of the star's axis of rotation [15].


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Hypernovia is estimated to occur in our galaxy only about once every 230 million years.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

If hypernovae can only occur in supermassive stars with more than 40 Sun-mass, then life on Earth is pretty safe.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The nearest hypernova candidate, Eta Carinae, is more than 7500 light-years from Earth.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

It would not affect terrestrial life directly with the atmosphere shielding from gamma rays and other cosmic rays in the magnetosphere.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The damage would likely target the upper atmosphere and the ozone layer, spacecraft including satellites and astronauts in space.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Valesupernova Valesupernova is an event in which a supermassive star explodes only partially giving rise to a shock wave typical of a supernova, however brightening only marginally compared to a supernova.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

In fake supernova, the star is also not completely destroyed.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Researchers at the University of Berkeley speculate that the explosion of Eta Carinae, which occurred in 1843, would have been a fake supernova instead of a surface eruption.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The team of researchers also speculate that the closing moments of more than 30 sun-massed supermassive stars may include more smaller explosions before the star implodes into a black hole.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[16] Naming supernovae Supernovae are named after a given formula.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

At the beginning of the name are the letters SN (SuperNova) followed by the year number and finally the letter or pair of letters identifying it, the number of supernovae observed in that year.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

From January 1, capital letters A to Z are used first, followed by the lower case pairs aa, ab, ac,..., az, ba,... until the end of the year.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[17] The designation of supernovae is responsible for the International Astronomical Union's Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT), located in conjunction with the Harvard Observatory.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The IAU changed the naming convention since 1 January 2016 so that potential supernovae are first named with a provisional name starting with the letters AT, for example AT 2018bki and after discovery is verified spectroscopically to supernova the prefix is changed to SN.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[17] [18] Known supernovae The most detailed notes of historical supernovae in our Milky Way are that of the Chinese, who have recorded a total of seven definite explosions since the beginning of time.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The remains of all these explosions are still detectable.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[19] [20] Crab nebula (M1) Crab nebula, known as the Crustacean nebula, is a supernova relic in the constellation of Taurus, where an exploding star was observed on 4 July 1054. At that time, the Chinese recorded that they had seen it even in the middle of the day for 23 days, after which it began to fade, however, visible in the night sky for another couple of years.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[4] Now a fog resembling a crustacean is seen at the site, emitting light, radio waves, almost all species of electromagnetic radiation.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[21] In the middle of the fog is a fast-spinning pulsar, a neutron star whose rotation time around its axis is still a staggering 0.03 seconds.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[22] The fog expands approx.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

at a speed of 1000 km/s.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[23] [24] Compared to the first photographs of the 20th century, the fog is observed to have clearly enlarged.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[25] SN 1572 and SN 1604 A supernova named SN 1572 was observed by Danish Tyko Brahe in 1572.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[26] The most recent supernova explosion seen in our own galaxy was observed by Kepler and Chinese, Japanese and Korean astronomers in 1604.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[27] [28] SN 1604 observed in the constellation of the Snakebearer was somewhat brighter than Sirius at its brightest, and could be seen in the night sky with the naked eye for about a year.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[5] SN 1987A SN 1987A is the most famous and one of the most studied supernovae of recent times.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[29] On 23 February 1987, it was a supernova exploding in the Great Magellan Cloud (LMC) less than 170,000 light-years away, [30] which was visible to the naked eye in the Southern Hemisphere.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[31] Initially built to observe the Sun, neutrino detectors across the Earth detected already about 3 hours before the visual supernova observation a crawl of about two dozen neutrinos struck in a short period of time, which was the first time that from far outside the Solar System and Neutrinos were detected in the supernova.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The incident was the first in which a known star exploded.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

SN 2006gy SN 2006gy was a supernova first observed at McDonald Observatory on September 18, 2006.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The explosion occurred in the galaxy NGC 1260, belonging to the constellation Perseus, located 72 megaparsecs from Earth.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

SN 2006gy has an absolute magnitude of −22, making it the brightest supernova ever observed.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

The exploded star has a mass of more than 100 solar masses, possibly as high as 130—150 solar masses.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

On 19 February 2007, SN 2007ae Markku Nissinen and Veli-Pekka Hentunen discovered a new supernova known under the catalogue symbol SN2007ae at Härkämäki Observatory.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

SN2007ae was located in a galaxy known by the catalogue symbol UGC 10704 with more precise coordinates of R.A = 17h01m51s.95 and declination = +79°01'54.6.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[32] [33] The supernova was type 1a and had a brightness of about 17.4 magnitudes at the time of description.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[32] This supernova is the first to be discovered and described in Finland.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[34] Astronomer Seppo Mattila has previously discovered supernovae, but his discoveries have been made in the Canary Islands and Chile.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

[35] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Maalampi, Jukka (ed.


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

) | title = Where do you go, universe?


Question: How is the nova born?

Supernova

Posts about cosmos| location = Helsinki| publisher = Physics cost| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-97790-0-0}} On topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) * Category:Astronomical events Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Continuation War was fought between Finland and the Soviet Union from 25 June 1941 to 19 September 1944.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Continuation war was fought on the Finnish front at the same time as Germany was carrying out a widespread invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finnish front had been divided between German and Finnish forces, with the Finns in charge of the Southern Front and the Germans for the Lapland Front.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland was not, by law, an ally of Germany, as there was no treaty of alliance.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Instead, Finland was effectively an ally of Germany, giving its territory at German disposal, subjecting its forces to Germany, and receiving arms aid from Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

At the beginning of the war, on the southern front section, Finnish troops recaptured areas lost in the Winter War and advanced across Syyr and the Leningrad defensive lines.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In December 1941, the offensive was halted and a station warfare phase that lasted more than two years began.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The northern front sections were unable to obtain the severed Muurmann track and the German forces were unable to advance on Murmansk.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive in June 1944 broke through the Finns' foremost defensive lines.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

After heavy interceptor fighting, the guns were lowered to 4—5.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Moscow Intermediate Peace was signed on 19 September 1944 and confirmed in the Peace of Paris 1947.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The intermediate peace terms of the Continuation War included, among other things, forcing German troops out of Finland, leading to the Lapland War against Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Pre-war events The peace in Moscow, which ended the Winter War in March 1940, was not peace in the truest sense of the word.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Europe was at war and Finland remained under martial law as well.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

During peacetime, the 100000 members of the lifting crew who remained untrained were ordered to enter service and their military training in the final stages of the Winter War to increase the low perceived reserve was commenced.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Squad leaders who had rehabilitated in the Winter War were asked to remain as loyal sub-officers for the training mission.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland was targeting an internationally identified possible maximum of the population, which could be disconnected from other duties to army service, i.e. 16%.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In the case of Finland, this was considered sufficient only for the operational defence of the entire eastern border.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

General Aksel Airo had written a book on the subject after the Winter War, Honor - Motherland, in which he considered Finland's own defence possibilities superficially viewed only in the light of numbers to be almost non-existent.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Foreign countries' estimates of Finland's defence capabilities before the Winter War were based on the same criteria.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[1] Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April 1940 and quickly captured the countries.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In May, Germany invaded France.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The northern part of the country was occupied directly by Germany and the southern part was formed by the German-controlled Vichy government, which refused to continue fighting.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Britain prepared for major air battles to prevent extensive German bombardment aimed at capturing the British Isles against it.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Baltic Sea had been closed by the Soviet Union and Germany, the only free passage to the oceans for foreign trade was the troublesome and long Liinahamar route to Petsamo.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

When Germany had also occupied Northern Norway by mid-June, Finland's physical isolation was almost complete: Germany would have been able to quickly cut off Finland's last open foreign trade route to the west if it wished, [2] and the same could have been done by the Soviet Fishermen and From the central blockade.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In June 1940, following the German takeover of Denmark, Norway and finally France, the Soviet Union began pressuring Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The first demand was to recover all equipment taken away from the Karelian Isthmus and Hanko rental area.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

A stake in Petsamo's nickel mines was also called for.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In July, the Soviet Union made a demand for the demilitarization of Åland, and the right to train transport across Finnish territory to Hanko.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[2] The agreement for transit from Finland's eastern border to Hankoniemi was signed in early September.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not reduce its pressure on Finland until early spring the following year.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[3] The political climate during the intermediate peace was pressing; for example, the demonstrations and the resulting riots of the Finnish and Soviet Peace and Friendship Society and the downshooting of the Aero airliner Kaleva in the Gulf of Finland in June 1940 at the same time as the occupation of the Soviet Union The Baltic States, was perceived very strongly in Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland was in a tight gap in foreign policy when Norway and the Baltics were overrun, Germany and the Soviet Union were in a diplomatic state of peace with each other, and Sweden's proposed confederation with Finland in October 1940 fell into opposition from the Soviet Union and Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Red Army Staff had issued instructions to the Leningrad Military District for a new war against Finland on 18 September 1940.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The order was further refined on 25 November with the requirement to draw up an attack plan in case of a situation in which Finland would be the enemy alone.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Baltic Fleet drew up a plan to take over Åland and the forces of the Hanko base were transferred under the Leningrad Military District and its defensive direction was reversed on 12 November 1940 parallel to the mainland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In the Soviet Union, the management of Finnish affairs was transferred to the Main Administration of State Security (GUGB) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Ministry), and in addition, invasion forces began to be transferred to their grouping areas.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov visited Berlin in November to ask German leader Adolf Hitler for consent to the occupation of Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, as the Germans had already included Finland in their invasion plans Hitler warned the Soviet Union to stay out of Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The rapprochement of Finland and Germany on 6 September 1940 Finland concluded a transit agreement with the Soviet Union for traffic to Hanko.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In August 1940, Field Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim, Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces, received an intelligence from Germany to allow the transit of German troops from ports in the Gulf of Bothnia to Kirkenes.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

At the same time, it was announced that it was possible for Finland to buy military equipment from Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Transit agreement: On 12 September, the Finnish General Staff and the German Air Force agreed to transport Luftwaffe crew and equipment through Finnish territory.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

A political agreement between the states on 22 September also allowed for transport by German land forces.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

A further increase in holiday traffic was negotiated in October.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The first troops came ashore at Vaasa on the 22nd and 26 in Oulu.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[4] The ore of the Kolo River in Petsamo, Germany saw as vital to its war industry and Petsamo as an indispensable stepping stone for the invasion of Murmansk.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union, on the other hand, after the end of the Winter War, felt no interest in Petsamo's nickel reserves, nor Petsamoo as a military territory.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[5] When the German authorities were planning to integrate Scandinavia into their own economic area, Finland was also included from April 1940, even though the country was part of the Soviet Union's interest.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[6] The situation at the nickel mine changed sharply in July 1940 with the Finnish and German I.G.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

With the agreement reached by Farbenindustrie.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Negotiations had been taking place since the spring, with the deal promising Germany 60% of production.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

German negotiators reported the ore to Berlin to be worth more than RM1 billion and enough for 20 years to cover the entire nickel need of Greater Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Late in the year, the Germans increased the ore volume estimate fourfold.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

After negotiations began, the Soviet Union already proposed the transfer of the mine concession to itself in June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Soviet forces intensified the claim by grouping to the frontier, and fortifying the Fishermen's blockade.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

England took a steeply negative view of mining negotiations with Germany, halting Liinahamar merchant ships.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland negotiated with everyone in a politically tight gap.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finns negotiated in tense moods in Moscow seven times, until February 1941 without agreeing to the Russians' demands.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviets also negotiated with Germany until March 1941, unsuccessfully.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[5] In protest, the Soviet Union stopped its exports to Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[7] Soon 90% of foreign trade was handled through Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Military cooperation between Finland and Germany began with negotiations between the countries' highest military command in the winter of 1940—1941.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Chiefs of General Staff held talks in Berlin in January.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Among other things, the Germans inquired about how long it took Finland to get its army to the border with the Soviet Union, and also received a response.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

From February 1941, road construction and reconnaissance cooperation with the Germans were conducted in Lapland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

German troops began arriving in Finland, which eventually reached 40,000 when the Continuation War broke out.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

During February—March, the Germans engaged in systematic reconnaissance in northern Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In April 1941, an engineering company in Ratas began to recruit volunteers for the Finnish battalion of the Waffen-SS's Wiking Division.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Enlistment continued into June 1941.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The first recruits left for Germany for training in May 1941.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[8] On 25 May 1941, during Operation Barbarossa and Finland, the Finnish Supreme Military Command visited the German General Staff in Salzburg, where a German military delegation led by General Alfred Jodl explained the planned invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Germans presented a plan of cooperation between German and Finnish combat forces.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland was asked to commit Soviet forces on its borders and participate in the offensive against Leningrad.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

During further negotiations between different types of weapons in Berlin 26—28.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On May technical and tactical information was exchanged.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[9] A transit permit was issued for German troops through northern Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The attack plan included the use of Finnish territory.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In particular, Finnish Lapland played an important role in taking over Murmansk with the Germans aiming for the Arkhangelsk equality.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In the south, the attention of the Germans was drawn to the Gulf of Finland and the Karelian Isthmus, so that the recapture of Leningrad and its complete destruction would have become possible.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In May, the Finnish Supreme Command decided to take part in Germany's planned war expedition against the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

At the beginning of June, Germany was informed of the terms of participation: Finland should remain independent in future, Germany had to attack first, and only after the Soviet Union began the war effort would join the Finnish front.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[10] On 3 June 1941, during negotiations with Germany in Helsinki, it was agreed that, with Finland going to war with the Soviet Union, Germany would come to Finland's aid.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

At the same time, negotiations in Kiel agreed to joint war efforts, including mining the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, when war broke out.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Ore and Uti airfields were made available to the German Air Force even before the war.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Beginning on 7 June 1941, German troops intended for the invasion began arriving in Finnish ports.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On June 15, 1941, Mannerheim subjugated General Siilasvuo's army corps in northern Finland under German control.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On June 18, 1941, Finnish Air Force aircraft were painted yellow Eastern Front insignia in accordance with the German Luftwaffe.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On 22 June 1941, Germany launched the offensive and, as previously agreed, used Finnish airspace and airfields to bomb the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[11] The Germans began grouping invasion forces in northern Finland during the first week of June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finnish protective forces began moving into their positions on June 10, 1941, on June 17 a general mobilization was declared in Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On June 21, the government ordered 45,000 residences on the Soviet borders to be evacuated.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Transfers of German troops to Northern Finland Preparations for the arrival of German troops began immediately.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Arrangements were handled under the guise of transit organisation, and German forces were not authorized to move east of the Arctic Oceans until 18 June, when it was thought preparations for the invasion east had already been exposed anyway.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Two divisions of German troops, 20,000 men from Stettin and 10600 men from Oslo, were shipped to Oulu and transferred as train transports to Rovaniemi.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Shipings began on 5 June and the last troops were at Rovaniemi on 14 June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On 7 June, SS Division Nord began a march from Norway along the Arctic Sea Road via Vuoso and Sodankylä to Rovaniemi.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The passing march of the 8000—9000 man strong division's vehicle column lasted 10 hours.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The division was at Rovaniemi on 10 June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

A total force of 40600 men was concentrated in the Rovaniemi region, from where on 18 June they began moving towards Salla.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[12] The German Norwegian Army Staff moved to Rovaniemi on 15 June, Army commander Colonel General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst arrived a week later.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Two days after the HQ, Luftwaffe aircraft landed in Rovaniemi.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Of the corps, two mountain divisions (2nd and 3rd)


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

moved from Norway to Petsamo only on 22 June, [13] [14] for preparations German pioneers in civilian attire had already been allowed into the country a day earlier.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Petsamo's German divisions began an attack towards Murmansk on 29 June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Events just before the start of the war by order of the Finnish Air Force Staff, automatic morsing equipment was installed in the Lahti Radio Station and Turku and Oulu radio masts on 21 June for radio navigation of German bombers.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[15] According to Dr. Hannu Valtonen, who studied aviation history, German bombers flew at night 21—22.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

June from East Prussia through southern Finnish airspace to the north of Ladoga and thence south to the Leningrad region, where Germany and the Soviet Union engaged in the first air battles of the operation after about three o'clock in the early hours of the morning.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The German bombers then flew to Utt, Finland, where they refueled and from where they continued on to their home fields in East Prussia.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[16] 21—22.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

During the night between, the Germans in cooperation with the Finnish State Police took over the Soviet consulate in Petsamo and the Finns arrested the entire staff of the consulate and their families.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The German Gestapo confiscated the consulate's archives for examination and later forwarded them to Valpo.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[17] The German naval forces were taking advantage of Finnish territory, they had been relying on the Finnish coast and ports since mid-June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[16] The Finnish warfare command had already ordered the U-boat squadron on 17 June to take part in mining the Estonian coast and on the evening of 21 June the U-boat squadron received an execution order for its mission.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On the 22nd, Finnish submarines and Finnish and German ships began mining the Gulf of Finland to prevent the free passage of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The effort was to ensure that the Soviet fleet would not be able to distract from the Gulf of Finland to the flank of the Germans' land front to the Baltics, and to prevent an attack on Åland, the control of which was vital for Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Mining was extended on the 22nd off Soviet-occupied Estonia (including Tallinn).


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finnish submarines laid mines on the Estonian coast between 7:28 a.m. and 9:06 a.m. on 22 June 1941.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[18] [19] When information arrived in Finland about the start of the German invasion, the Finnish Navy immediately began Operation Kilsailing, i.e. the transfer of troops to the demilitarised Åland Islands.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Soviet aircraft carried out the first air attack of the war against the Finns after attacking warships involved in this operation as well as coastal forts at 6:05am on 22 June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In addition, artillery fire began from Hanko to Porsöhu, Storholm and the mainland at 6:50am [20] Adolf Hitler declared in a radio speech on 22 June that Finland would fight together (Im Verein) with Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland announced that it would remain neutral in foreign policy, but Hitler's speech was embarrassing for the country's leadership, it signaled to the world that Finland was allied with Germany in the war against the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[21] These actions also led the Soviet Union to initiate military action against Finland, as it considered Finland to allow its territory to be used to attack itself.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Despite the coordinated naval warfare initiated with Germany and the army stationed by Germany from the level of Nurmes as far as Petsamoo, Finland declared that it remained neutral in foreign policy.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] The course of the war The war begins Soviet attacks against Finland began at 06:05 on 22 June, when the Soviet Union bombed a Finnish naval division at sea.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Subsequently, on the same day, Finland participated in the mining of the southern Gulf of Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On the same day Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

German planes returning from the bombing flight stopped in Finnish territory for refueling.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviets responded by bombing Finnish military targets in Finland with aircraft and cannons.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland refrained from returning fire and tried to assert neutrality in the new war.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

A significant war effort was avoided between Finland and the Soviet Union for a few days.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On June 24, 1941, the Soviet Union evacuated its legation in Helsinki.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[11] On 25 June 1941, the Soviet Air Force bombed Helsinki, Turku and Porvoo, as well as a dozen other localities, with about 500 planes, of which 27 planes were shot down on Finnish territory.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Based on these bombings and past events, in its communique to parliament, the government had reached the conclusion that the country had fallen into a state of war.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

This position was adopted by Parliament [27].


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On the same day 25.6, Prime Minister Jukka Rangell stated on the radio that Finland was again at war with the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

War was declared on 26 June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finnish army and German troops in Finland began a ground offensive.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finnish army launched a major offensive in Ladoga Karelia in the direction of Korpiselä on 10 July with its focus on the left wing.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The brunt of the attack was the advance of the 1st Ice Brigade, commanded by Colonel Ruben Lagus, which reached the shores of Ladoga within days.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[28] By the end of August, the Karelian Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Erik Heinrichs had reached the limits preceding the Winter War.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finnish people who experienced the Winter War were, with rare unanimity, behind the country's leadership and the reclamation of lost Karelia.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The new war was seen as a continuation war of the Winter War, aimed at righting the wrong suffered.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[21] On several occasions the Soviet Union demanded Britain declare war on Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent Marshal Mannerheim a personal, private and secret letter expressing regret that Britain will soon have to declare war on Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Churchill also urged Finland not to cross the old border.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The letter is preserved at Britain's Imperial War Museum.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[29] Britain severed diplomatic relations on 1 August and threatened with war on 22 September unless the advance was cut off.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Following Finland's accession to the Anti-Comintern Treaty on 25 November, Britain filed an ultimatum demanding a cessation of hostilities by 5 December.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

After remaining without a satisfactory response, London announced on Finnish Independence Day, 6 December, a declaration of war on Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Relations with foreign countries deteriorated as Finnish forces advanced.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, the actual war effort between the two countries was already limited to the earlier bombing of Liinahamar on 30 June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Australia, Canada and New Zealand also submitted a declaration of war to Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Already during the civil war in 1918, Mannerheim had issued a declaration in Antrea on the Karelian Isthmus stating that we should not put his sword in a sheath until Finland and East Karelia were free.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In the Continuation War, Mannerheim issued his famous so-called sword-sheath day order, in which he referred to his declaration.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

There were also mentions of a large Finland in the daily order, which even at that time caused negative attention in political circles.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, Finland occupied the most extensive territory in its history.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Many people outside the right wanted to annex East Karelia to Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The grounds were not only ideological and political, but also military: the so-called Three Isthmus Line was easier to defend than the previous frontier.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

With Germany backed, there was an opportunity to do so.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On the other hand, there were economic motives in the form of exploitation of forest reserves in East Karelia.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, the territories were not legally annexed to Finland; only the territories lost in the Winter War were declared by Parliament as belonging to Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The management of the territories was provided by the Military Administration of East Karelia, which made preparatory measures to annex the conquered territories to Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Internment camps were established in the conquered territory, which in their own time were referred to at first as “concentration camps” and later as “displacement camps”.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[30] They were excluded: [31] (a) “unnational population from those areas where their stay in view of military action could not be permitted”; (b) “politically unreliable persons belonging to the national and non-national population of the military administrative territory”; (c) “in exceptional cases other persons belonging to the population of the Military Administrative Region whose vacancy was deemed undesirable”.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

When defined as the national population, the Finnish population was perceived as a native population.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[32] [33] The population of Väisniemi, Syyrinlaakso and Maanselänänänänänisthus, who traditionally happen to speak Russian, were moved from the front line to camps not only to prevent attacks by Soviet partisans, but also to protect civilians themselves.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In addition to this, refugees of non-Finnish descent were packed in Vänisniemi from all over the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic; while waiting in vain for transport across Sänisjärvi, they remained in the hands of the Finnish Defence Forces.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Based on the research literature, it can be estimated that evacuees or refugees from near the fronts may have numbered up to 16600 of the people placed in camps in East Karelia.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

This would mean more than 69% of the camps” highest population, which was 23984 people, on April 1, 1942.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[34] Mortality in the concentration camps of occupied East Karelia was up to 3.75%, significantly higher than among the free population of the same region (2.6%), in Finland (1.31%).


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The main reason for the high mortality rate among East Karelian campers appears to have been poor nutritional status and, to some extent, their age structure: a high relative proportion of women aged 20—30 years and minor children (almost 50%).


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[35] During the Continuation War, about 62000 Inger Finns migrated to Finland from the German-occupied Inger region.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The war of positions Mannerheim and Ryti had a negative view of the conquest of Leningrad and its direct support, as well as the severing of the Muurmann line in order to hold the argument for a separate war and to keep Finland better prospects for peace negotiations even after Germany's eventual defeat context [36].


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The advance of the Finns stalled on Mannerheim's orders in December 1941, when the so-called positional warfare phase began.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

It lasted two and a half years.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On 6 December, the territories lost in the Winter War were annexed back to Finland by the Parliament in restoring the borders of the Peace of Tartu.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, production and foreign trade declined, creating problems for the country's food supply.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The most difficult food situation was during the winter between 1942—1943.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In this case, for example, frontmen experienced deficiency diseases, and especially in some younger men general weakness due to lack of food.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The situation was saved by imports of food supplies, mostly from Germany and the countries under its influence.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In addition, the situation of the frontmen was facilitated by German troops in northern Finland, who victualled 50,000 Finnish soldiers in their area of responsibility.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Despite the practical problems brought with them by long transport journeys, monotonous food and limited portions the victualling of the frontmen was satisfactorily successful.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

There were a total of 300 cases of deficiency disease that required hospitalisation among frontmen during the Continuation War, which can be considered quite a small number.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[37] In 1942, fighting continued fragmented at Syvur and Kiesting.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finns' only offensive war during the entire war of positions remained the capture of Suursaari in March.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[38] On June 4, Mannerheim reached the age of 75 and was promoted to Marshal of Finland.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The day was designated by defensive force as a flag feast day.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In Helsinki, a street was announced to be named in his honour.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Adolf Hitler unexpectedly visited Mannerheim's birthday party in Immola and complained that he had not been able to ensure Romanian oil for Germany to do anything for Finland before or during the Winter War.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

A recording of Hitler's “soliloquy” by the Finns also clarified the level of Soviet arms race that had surprised Hitler.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On his return visit to Germany, Mannerheim had apparently received further information about the German “expedition to the East” because, after his return, assessed to Defence Minister Walden the German “expedition to the east” as ending in disaster.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviets sent a military detachment behind the Finns front line around Rukajärvi.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, the Finns defeated the attempt in a short chase.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

After Germany suffered defeat at Stalingrad, efforts began to be made in Finland to distance themselves from Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The parliament began to show dissatisfaction towards Ryti, which was manifested by Secretary of State R.J.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On Witting's criticism of Ryti's signing of an anticomintern contract.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Parliament refused to extend the power law granted to Ryti.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, this did not prevent his re-election to an additional two-year term in February 1943.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, Prime Minister Rangell's government was switched to a less pro-German one led by Edwin Linkommies.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The government held together mainly thanks to the Social Democrat finance minister Väinö Tanner.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Initial peace talks on Peace were held through the year, but no agreement was reached.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

As early as 8 February, the Soviet Union declared its willingness for peace.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The United States insisted on maintaining Finland's independence, and the Soviet ambassador to Washington, A. Litvinov, stated that the Soviet Union did not intend to occupy Finland as a whole.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Finns received the same insurance from Aleksandra Kollonta in Stockholm.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Finland insisted on the 1939 borders as the basis for peace negotiations, but the Soviet Union was informed that Finland's representative is welcome to negotiate in Moscow, but Finland's proposal should not include territories not belonging to it before the war.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Peace terms were struck into lock among the Allies at a Tehran conference in December.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the recapture of Berlin.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy invasion, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring over 300 lives.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government informed Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

When Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is a distance of about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: When was Vyborg eradicated?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.