Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

In 2010, it produced RUB 8401.9 billion, meaning Moscow was responsible for 22.5% of the GDP of the entire Russian Federation.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[19] Per capita, a folk product was produced in Moscow 730.4 kRUB, or EUR 17893.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

This amounted to 279 percent of the country's average level of 261.8 thousand rubles or 6413 euros.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[20] [17] Moscow's higher GDP share per capita in 2010 achieved only five rich but sparsely populated federal subjects: Nenets, Yamal Nenets, Khanty-Mansia, Sakhalin region and Chukotka.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[19] [17] It is typical for these regions that at least part of the national product of the region is made by labour in the surrounding regions.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

For example, workers from the surrounding Moscow region come to Moscow every day.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Moscow has a higher level of income than the rest of Russia.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

According to Forbes magazine, in 2008, more billionaires lived in the city than anywhere else in the world.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[21] In 2011, the city is home to 79 dollar billionaires, the second highest number of 58 billionaires living in New York.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[22] In 2006 and 2007, Moscow was listed by Mercer HR as the most expensive city in the world based on a basket of goods for consumers.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[23] In the 2009 UBS Bank list, it had fallen to number 55.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[24] Education in Moscow is located in several major universities.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The largest and oldest is Moscow State University.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Its main building is a 240 metre high 36-story tower block.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

More than 40000 students study at the State University.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The largest of the universities in the field of technology is Moscow Technical State University.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The Moscow Conservatory is one of the most prominent musical educational institutions in Russia.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Religion According to an extensive survey of the religious beliefs of the Russian population published in 2012, according to its own declaration, Moscow residents were: [25] [26] [27] 53% — Orthodox (Russian Orthodox Church), 19% — believers in a god (or higher power), but did not concretely acknowledge any particular religion, 12% — atheists, do not believe in a god, 3% — Christians, but no Orthodox, Catholic or Protestants, 2% — adherents of Sunni Islam, 2% — Orthodox, but not belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church and is not a member of the Russian Orthodox Church Old Believers, 1% — Muslim, but not Sunni or Shiite, 1% — Adherents of a tradition religion based on forces and gods of nature, 1% — Old Believers, < 1% — Protestants (Lutherans, Baptists, Evangelicalists, Anglicans), < 1% — Shiite Islam supporters and 1% — something else.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Transport The essence of local transport is the Moscow Metro, the oldest festive stations of which date back to 1935.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

There are 11 subway lines, 171 stations and nine million passengers daily.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Metro services are supplemented by a network of buses and trolleybuses.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Moscow has five airports: Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo I and II, Vnukovo and Bykovo.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

There are nine main railway stations: Leningrad (St. Petersburg, connection to Helsinki), Kazan, Kursk, Kiev, Riga, Pavelets (according to Pavelets village/station), Savjolovo (according to Savjolovo village), Yaroslavl and Belarus railway station.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

In addition, there are numerous smaller stations or stoppages.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[5] [28] Of the roads entering Moscow through the Moscow region, the most significant are the highways M1 to M10.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Each of these also has its own name, for example, the highway M10 of the Saint Petersburg direction is also known as Rossija (Moscow—Tver—Novgorod—Saint Petersburg).


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[5] Passenger car transport in Moscow is known for its severe congestion.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[29] Cityscape and attractions in the Moscow Kremlin are located Russian government buildings.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The Patriarch of Moscow is the head of the Russian Orthodox Church.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

In the vicinity of the Kremlin in the historical center of Moscow is located the famous Red Square, which also houses the Mausoleum of Lenin, as well as the Cathedral of St. Basil.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Opposite the Kremlin on the other side of the square is the department store GUM.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Near the Kremlin, on the banks of the Moskva River, lies the city's largest landmark, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The sights of Moscow also include the world-famous Tretyakov Art Gallery, whose extensive collection focuses especially on Russian realism (among them Andrei Rubljov).


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The Tretyakov Gallery is the National Art Museum of Russia.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Other museums in Moscow include the Central Museum of the Armed Forces, the Museum of Cosmonautics and the Museum of the Great Patriotic War.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The city's cultural offering includes the famous Bolshoi Theatre, whose repertoire includes ballet, opera and plays.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The sights of Moscow can also be attributed to the city metro.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Along with the New York Metro, the Moscow Metro is one of the largest underground networks in the world, and its stations are famous for their spectacular appearance.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Mayakovskaya Station, located on Tverskaya Street, won the number one prize for design at the Moscow World Expo with its art deco style.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Moscow's cityscape is dominated by landmarks begun in Stalin's reign, the skyscrapers representing Soviet Baroque, referred to as the “Seven Sisters” (also: “Stalin's Teeth”).


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

These include Moscow State University, Hotel Ukraine and Leningradskaya, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building and three apartment buildings.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Moscow is also known for its numerous parks and about a third of Moscow's area is green territory.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

One of the largest urban parks in the world, Izmailovo Park, is located in the eastern part of Moscow, in the Izmailovo district.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

This park is largely nearly natural and more than 4 times the size of New York City's Central Park.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

On the banks of the Moscow River, in Presnensk, in the north-west of the city, the Moscow International Business Center is being built, scheduled for completion in the 2010s.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

It will become the main business center in Russia, in addition, there will be apartments and pastime facilities.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The area comprises six skyscrapers, the tallest of which is 373 meters.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

It is also the tallest building in Europe.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Approximately 250,000 to 300,000 people are estimated to work, live or visit the area at the same time.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

In 2016, part of the site is still under construction or newly planned.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Sports One of the most popular sports is football, and from the city of Moscow plays in the Russian Main Series 2011 four teams: Dynamo, Lokomotiv, Spartak and CSKA.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Another popular sport is hockey.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The city has three teams in the KHL Ice Hockey League: Dinamo Moscow, Spartak Moscow and CSKA Moscow.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

In addition, from the Moscow region comes the KHL team Vitjaz Podolsk.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Former Moscow Oblast KHL clubs include Atlant Mytishchi, MVD and Himik Voskresensk, who have junior teams in the Russian youth ice hockey series.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

In basketball, the city is represented by Moscow Dynamo and CSKA Moscow.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Himki BK is also a well-known basketball club.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Culture Moscow is the center of art life in Russia.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

It is especially known for ballet and Bolshoi Theatre.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

Russian rock bands Alisa, Aria, Master, Neprikasaemye, Gorky Park are native to Moscow.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

The Eurovision Song Contest 2009 was held in Moscow at the Olimpijski Arena.


Question: When is Moscow founded?

Moscow

[30] Sources on the topic elsewhere {{Country data {{{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size= | name= | altlink =national rugby union team | altvar =rugby union}} (mos.ru) * Category:Central Federation District Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Italy (united 1861) has deeply influenced the culture of the Mediterranean region and Europe as a whole.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After the Greek rule of Magna Graecia, the Etruscans and then the Roman Empire ruled Italy for centuries.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Italy was an important centre of philosophy, science and art during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Origin of the name Italy is an ancient name for the country and population of southern Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Its origin is unknown, but it might come from the Latin word vitulus (one-year-old calf): “land of calves”.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[1] Coins bearing the name Italy were printed by southern tribes that competed with Rome in the last century BCE.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After the dissolution of the Roman Empire, Italy became the joint denomination of the states of the Apennine Peninsula and their overseas holdings.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[2] Ancient peoples In old times Italy was inhabited by several different peoples.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Many of them, like Latin, Oscs and Volskis, spoke Italic languages that were closely related to each other.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In addition, there were many Greeks living in southern Italy, Etruscans in the area of present-day Tuscany, and Celtic peoples in northern Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Etruscans controlled much of Italy before the Roman Empire.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[3] The Etruscans did not speak an Indo-European language and their origins are shrouded in obscurity.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

They were definitively assimilated with the Romans in the republic period.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The culture, which is distinctly Etruscan, emerged in the year 800 BCE.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

after.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The high point of Etruscan civilization was in the times of the founding of Rome and the Kingdom period.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Etruscans did not form a unified kingdom but Greek-type city-states.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The last kings of the Roman Empire were Etruscans and Roman culture was strongly influenced by the Etruscans.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

As it expanded, Rome incorporated the Etruscan cities into itself.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Roman Empire Rising According to the myth, Rome was founded in 753 BCE.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Romulus and Remus and was ruled by seven kings.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[4] According to tradition, the last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, was exiled in 509 BCE.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

and the Roman Republic was founded.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The republic was governed by two elected consuls, and a senate assembled primarily from patricians formed, together with the citizens' assembly, a kind of parliament.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the following centuries, Rome expanded its territory, defeating its neighbours one after the other.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After the wars, the Romans generally did not seek total subordination of the defeated, but forced them into a subordinate ally relationship.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

This policy was one of the reasons for Rome's success.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Many weak Etruscan and Greek cities asked Rome for protection rather than confronted it in war.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After the Punic Wars and the loss of Carthage, Rome controlled most of the western Mediterranean and its influence grew rapidly in the east as well.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

10th century BCE


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

by the end Rome had defeated the Hellenistic states of Macedonia and Syria and controlled the entire Mediterranean with the exception of Egypt.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Empire The institutions of the Roman Republic had been developed in a city-state and were not suited to the control of a large empire.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In addition, there were schisms both within Rome and between Rome and its Italian allies.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The trend favored military commanders, who began pursuing exclusivity.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The first such was Sulla (d. 78 BCE.)


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After him came Julius Caesar, who after conquering Gaul (present-day France) defeated Pompey in a civil war and effectively became a monospace, but was assassinated by republican senators in 44 BCE.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

His successor Octavianus defeated the Senatorial Party, received the title Augustus and was elected Imperator.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Although he formally tolerated the laws of the republic, he ruled practically as a monopoly and the Roman Empire had emerged.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[5] This became clear under his successor Tiberius.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The establishment of the Empire brought clear advantages to the provinces, which may have appealed to the emperor against local authorities instead of corrupt senators.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Furthermore, Roman citizenship was slowly extended to provinces and jurisdiction became less arbitrary.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Roman Empire was further expanded somewhat in the Imperial period; for example Claudius annexed Britain 47 partitions..


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the first and second centuries, there were some civil wars (for example by the Four Emperors in 69) and rebellions (such as the Judean Uprising, which ended with the takeover of Jerusalem in 70 and started the Jewish diaspora).


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Decay and loss The internal state of the kingdom slowly deteriorated, which was reflected in crises in the third century, when economic difficulties, barbarian invasions, and civil wars almost led to the dissolution of the Empire.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

It was saved by Diocletian (284—305) and Constantine (306—337), who moved the capital to Byzantium, changing its name to Constantinople, thus initiating the division of the kingdom into the western and eastern part.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Constantine also stopped opposing Christianity.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Christianity became the state religion under Theodosius I in 380.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Great Internationals broke the defences of Western Rome, and the Vandals and Goths eradicated the kingdom for good in the 4th century.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Medieval Goths, Byzantium and Langobards the Visigoths conquered Italy in the 4th century and Alarik plundered Rome in 410.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

By the end of the century, the peninsula was for the most part controlled by the Ostrogoths, and Odovakar sacked in 476 the last emperor of Western Rome, Romulus Augustus.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 493, Teoderik the Great overthrew Odovakar and became king of the Ostrogoths.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The capital of his kingdom was Ravenna.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Byzantium, or Eastern Rome, invaded Italy in the early 5th century and Emperor Justinian I's generals Belisarius and Narses conquered the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths after years of war in 552.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

These Gothic Wars destroyed most of the surviving urban culture.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The departure of the Byzantine armies allowed another Germanic tribe, the Langobards, to conquer much of the peninsula.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The exarchate of Ravenna, which remained in Byzantine possession, was concentrated around Ravenna.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[6] Rise of the Catholic Church The Church and especially the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, has played an important political role since Constantine, who sought to annex the institution to imperial rule.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the precarious situation following the breakup of Western Rome, the Church was often the only stable institution and the only source of doctrine.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Even the barbarians depended on the church to govern their lands of conquest.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In addition, Catholic monastic organizations such as the Benedictines played a large role both in the economic life of the time and as preservers of classical culture.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After the entry of the Langobards, the popes were nominally subordinate to the Eastern Emperor, but received little support from Constantinople and began to build an independent state to protect Rome from langobard attacks.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the late 7th century, the popes pursued independence and found a way to do so by allying themselves with the Frankish Carolingid dynasty: the Carolings needed legitimacy to seize power from the Merovings, while the Popes needed military support against the Langobards.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 751, the Langobards took over Ravenna, and the Byzantine presence in central Italy came to an end (some coastal towns and territories in southern Italy remained in Byzantium until the 10th century).


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Popes turned to the Franks, who in 756 defeated the Langobards and ceded to the Pope power over central Italy, thus establishing the Church State.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

However, the rest of Italy was held by the Langobards or Byzantium.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Holy Roman Empire In 774, after a papal invitation, the Franks defeated the Langobards and took the crown of their kingdom.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Their leader Charles the Great was crowned by the pope on 25 December 800 in Rome as emperor.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

This caused a dispute between the Frankish Empire and Byzantium over the right to the name of Rome.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 812, Byzantium agreed to recognize the Roman Empire in exchange for guaranteeing its Italian holdings.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

However, the emperor's power did not properly reach the southern parts of the peninsula, whose two langobard dukes of Spoleto and Benevento accepted Charlemagne's rule in name only.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Conquering Benevento would have meant full encirclement of Papal territories in the emperor's territories, and Charles the Great probably thought it was not good for relations.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Greco-Latin coastal cities such as Naples on the Tyrrhenian Sea and Venice on the Adriatic became increasingly independent of Byzantium.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Charles the Great had the papal efforts to expand power stymied, and his time meant balancing in Italy, although marked by non-Italian interests.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The gap between Eastern and Western Christendom continued to grow.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Saint Leo III was the first pope to date his bulla in accordance with the reign of Charles the Great rather than the Byzantine emperors.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

By the beginning of the 8th century, the process that began three centuries earlier, in which Italy seceded from Byzantium and connected to Western Europe, had become broadly completed.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Sicily, Calabria, Apulia and some maritime cities were the main exceptions.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After the death of Charlemagne (814), under weak successors, the Empire quickly fell apart.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The equilibrium created by the emperor's charisma was shattered.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The crisis was exacerbated by external factors such as Saracen invasions and the intensification of maritime republics.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Charles the Great's son Louis the Pious died in 840.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Treaty of Verdun divided the Empire in 843.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Louis's eldest surviving son Lothar I became emperor and ruler of the central part of the kingdom.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

His three sons accordingly divided this kingdom between themselves, and northern Italy became the Kingdom of Italy under Louis II in 839.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Muslim Arabs conquered Sicily in 827, ruled until 1053.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 846, the Arabs invaded Rome and plundered St. Peter's Basilica, taking all the gold and silver from there.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

As a result, Leo IV began the construction of the Vatican Wall, which was completed in 853.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 951, the Italian and German crowns were merged.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The ruler of the new kingdom, Otto I the Great, submitted that the Union would restore the kingdom of Charles the Great and received the title of emperor in 962.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In these times of turmoil, the prestige of the papacy institution had also diminished (see pornocracy, for example).


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

End of the Middle Ages Barbarian invasions and Gothic Wars eradicated much of Italy's urban culture.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

It did not completely disappear, but was much more modest than in the Roman period.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Wars, disappearance and disease had also plummeted Italy's population.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the 7th—8th centuries, some cities such as Amalfi and Venice began to flourish through trade (silk, salt), but urban life remained scarce.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The 10th century marked the end of the darkest period of the Middle Ages.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Trade slowly began to recover, especially through the sea, and the four port cities, Amalfi, Pisa, Genoa and Venice became powermakers.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[7] Many landlocked cities, such as Florence and Milan, also grew and effectively became independent city-states from central power, expanding their territory at the expense of feudal lords to the countryside.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the 12th century, Italian cities that were part of the Empire rebelled successfully against the centralisation effort of the regime of Frederick I Barbarossa.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The pope regained his authority and began a long struggle against the Empire on both ecclesiastical and secular issues, the first act of which was an investment-strife.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

At the same time, the southern parts of Italy and Sicily were conquered by the Normans.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Normans eventually conquered Byzantine and Arab-controlled territories.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Byzantium, however, had not been defeated yet, instead invading in 1155 Italy under Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

By 1158, the Byzantine army had been forced to withdraw from Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Renaissance Italian Renaissance, or rinascimento, ushered in the Renaissance, especially in Europe of a new era in culture and arts, which continued from the late 14th century until about 1600.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Renaissance began in Tuscany, the cities of Florence and Siena, and its high point was towards the end of the 15th century.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

It spread south, affecting Rome in particular, which was largely rebuilt by Renaissance popes.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Italian Renaissance began to decline at the end of the 15th century with the invasion of foreign powers, after which the focus of the Renaissance shifted to Central Europe.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Roots In the Heart Middle Ages, the city-states of the northern part of Italy were among the most prosperous in Europe, considerably more prosperous than the southern part of Italy, including Rome.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Crusades had established permanent trade ties with the Levant, and Byzantium, a trading rival of the Italian cities, had been badly damaged by the Fourth Crusade.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Luxury goods such as spices, dyes and silk were brought to the ports of Genoa, Pisa and Venice in Italy and exported from there to other parts of Europe.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Inland towns, on the other hand, benefited from good farmland, such as the Po River Valley.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In turn, wool, wheat and precious metals were imported via land and river routes from France, Germany and the Netherlands.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Trade stretching from Egypt to the Baltics created surpluses that could be invested in mining, farming and early industry.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Northern Italy was not richer than the rest of Europe in terms of resources, but the high rate of processing built on the bottom of commerce enabled it to succeed.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Florence, for example, initially emerged as one of the most prosperous cities in northern Italy largely through the production of fabrics.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Wool was imported from Northern Europe and Spain, and with dyes imported from the East, it was made into quality clothes.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the 13th century, Italian city-states grew strongly and became virtually independent from the Empire.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

During this period, banking and monetary methods also developed, the center of which Florence became its center, and its currency, the florin, the currency of international trade.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

A new aristocrat class emerged, which had gained ground through their business skills and challenged the feudal upper class that ruled Europe in the Middle Ages.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In most of northern Italy, urban grand burghers were more formidable than rural feudal lords.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The economic crash of the 14th century and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century saw a series of disasters that collapsed the European economy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

These included the beginning of the Little Ice Age, which depressed agricultural production as well as the Hundred Years' War between France and England, which stirred the economy: for example, two of Florence's largest banks, Bardi and Peruzzi, fell after Edward III of England left his debts of 1.5 million florins unserviced in in 1345.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[8] In the east, the formation of the Ottoman Empire cut off trade routes.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The most devastating was the Black Death, which killed tens of percent of Europe's population.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The population of Florence, for example, collapsed from 90000,0000 to 50000 and caused turmoil including, for example, the Textile Workers' Revolt of 1378.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Some accidents of the 14th century contributed to the Renaissance.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Ottoman expansion at the expense of Byzantium caused an influx of refugees from the east, and they brought with them classical Greek civilisation.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Black Death wiped out a third of Europe's population, leaving the new smaller population soon more prosperous than previously thought.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The population had more property for luxury goods, but fewer of their producers, improving the position of the lower classes.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The horrors of the Black Death and the Church's inability to prevent them also undermined the Church's influence, which was one of the prerequisites for the Renaissance.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

During this period, the first Renaissance figures such as Dante and Francesco Petrarca lived, and the first signs of the Renaissance were visible in the early 14th century.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The fall of the Bard and Peruzzi banks opened the way for the rise of the Medici family in Florence.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Robert Sabatino Lopez has even suggested that financial collapse was a necessary cause of the renaissance, as in economically favorable times businessmen invest their money quickly, while in bad times fewer investment items can be found, causing them to spend their funds on culture and to art.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[9] Wars Especially the early part of the Renaissance was an almost continuous war between city-states, fought by mercenaries brought from all over Europe.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Cities warred against each other, and on the other hand, the pope struggled for power with the emperor.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

More powerful city-states often subjugated their weaker ones and annexed them to themselves, such as Florence of Pisa 1406 and Venice of Padua and Verona.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The cities depended entirely on mercenaries who, in the worst case scenario, might turn on their master and take power in the city.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Fleets were equipped for wars at sea.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Venice became the superior sea master after it dispossessed the Genoese fleet in 1380.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

On land, the main wars were fought between Florence and Milan; these wars have been seen as important in the emergence of the Renaissance.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[10] The Medici family, which owned the largest bank in Europe, became Lord of Florence in the 1430s, with Cosimo de' Medici as its first leader.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Florence was formally preserved as a republic, but the instruments of power were firmly in the hands of the Medici and their allies.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Cosimo de' Medici was very popular among the townspeople due to the peace and heyday of the era.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

His most notable achievements included making peace with the Sforza family of Milan, bringing an end to decades of war.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Cosimo was also a supporter of the arts, though some have regarded his reputation in this regard as exaggerated.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 1469, Cosimo's grandson Lorenzo de' Medici, who was the first member of the family to receive humanistic education in his early years and the most important of the family's supporters of the arts, came to power.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Under Lorenzo, Medici power was consolidated with the creation of the Council of Seventy, which Lorenzo presided over.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The republican institutions survived, but lost their influence.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In business, Lorenzo was not as successful as his predecessors, and the Medici financial empire slowly began to decline.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Lorenzo's relations with the pope deteriorated, leading to the attempted assassination of Lorenzo orchestrated by the Pope with the Pazzi House.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

It failed, but led to a war with the Pope by which centralized power of the Medici was later justified.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[11] The spread of the Renaissance Renaissance ideals spread from Florence first to the Tuscan neighboring cities of Siena and Lucca.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Tuscan culture soon became an object of imitation for all of northern Italy, with the Tuscan dialect of Italian dominant especially in the literature of the region.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 1447, Francesco Sforza rose to power in Milan and quickly transformed the medieval city into an arts and civilisation centre.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Venice, one of the most prosperous cities, also became a cultural center, especially in architecture.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 1378, the pope returned to Rome, but the former mighty city remained mostly poor and ruined through the early years of the Renaissance.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Nicholas V, who became pope in 1447, initiated a major rebuilding.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

With the papacy falling into the hands of northern power families such as the Medici and the Borgias, the renaissance world and art became dominant in the Vatican.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Pope Sixtus IV continued the work of Nicholas, most famously his project the construction of the Sistine Chapel.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Popes increasingly became secular administrators, and under the “warrior popes”, the power of the Church State was centralised.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The character of the Renaissance changed in the late 15th century.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Renaissance ideals were then fully embraced in the ruling class and aristocracy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Early Renaissance artists were considered craftsmen with few reputations and recognitions.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Later Renaissance artists were influential and billed large commissions.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The end of the Italian Renaissance Many view the Renaissance as the symbolic endpoint of Girolamo Savonarola's rise to power in Florence in 1497.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the short reign of the unjeweled monk, many works of art were destroyed “on the pyres of vanities”.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Savonarola's power ran short and the Medici lineage returned to power, but similar moral resistance movements continued within the church, and in the middle of the 16th century Renaissance works were banned in connection with the Counter-Reformation.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

At least as important a factor in the waning of the Italian Renaissance as the Church resistance movement, was a series of attacks on Italy by foreign powers, the Italian Wars that dragged on for decades.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

They began with the 1494 French invasion, which caused widespread destruction in northern Italy and ended the independence of many city-states.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The most devastating blow was on 6 May 1527, when Spanish and German troops ravaged Rome, thus ending the pope's role as the greatest supporter of the Renaissance.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Due to chaos and contacts with foreign rulers, many of Italy's greatest artists decided to leave the country, the most famous example of Leonardo da Vinci who emigrated to France in 1516.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The shift of focus to the north represented a broader trend.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Mediterranean was no longer the main trade route; Vasco da Gama had reached India in 1498, and the main trade routes from the Orient went to Atlantic ports in Iberia, France and England.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

These territories soon overtook Italy in prosperity and power.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

As the Italian Renaissance waned, however, many of its influences moved north and contributed to the Northern Renaissance.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Renaissance did not mean sweeping social and economic changes, but mostly touched only a small percentage of people.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Admittedly, in northern Italian cities, the class of skilled craftsmen was in a much better position than in Europe in general, but the status of unskilled laborers was no longer much affected by the Renaissance.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Foreign power and unification in the Italian Wars involved all the major Western European countries from 1494 to 1559: France, Spain, the Holy German-Roman Empire, England, Scotland, the Republic of Venice, the Church State, and most Italian city-states.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Originally beginning with disputes over the succession in Naples, the wars soon formed into complex power struggles, with varied allied relations, involving the Reformation.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Pope's influence diminished due to military defeats and the Reformation, and he allied himself with Charles V for the Counter-Reformation.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

By the end of the wars, the Habsburgs” Spain had become the ruler of Italy and a European powerhouse state at the expense of France.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Italian states, which had been powerful in the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, became second-class factors or were completely destroyed.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[12] Reunification Main article: Risorgimento At the end of the 18th century, the political situation in Italy was pretty much the same as in the 16th century, distinguished by the fact that Austria had become the dominant external power instead of Spain and the fact that the Dukes of Savoy, who also ruled the Northwest Piedmont, had become Sardinian rulers.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

This situation was shaken by the 1796 invasion of Italy by Napoleon.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

States created by Napoleon, such as the Cisalpine Republic, were merely satellites of France, but fueled the nationalist movement.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Cisalpine Republic was transformed into the Italian Republic in 1802, with Napoleon as its president.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Congress of Vienna (1814) restored matters close to the situation of 1795.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The northeastern parts of Italy, including the Venice region and also Lombardy, fell to Austria, and the rest of Italy was divided into six states, namely the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of Sicily, the Church State, Tuscany, Parma and Modena.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Kingdom of both Sicilies encompassed the whole of southern Italy, and the Kingdom of Sardinia included not only the island of Sardinia but also territories on the mainland of northern Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The states wanted to maintain the status quo and opposed the nationalist, liberal and republican movements.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the 1820s some rebellions arose, but were suppressed by the interventions of the Austrian army.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the 1830s, there was a revolt which spread to the Church State and raised a popular force against the reactionary pope Gregory XVI.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Austria put down the rebellion, but came under pressure from France to reduce its presence in Italy and withdraw its troops from the Church State.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the 1840s, the unification act, the risorgimento, began to take on more importance through, among others, Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy movement.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Sardinian monarchs, such as Carlo Alberto and especially Viktor Emanuel II, also began to warm to the idea of unification.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The increased movement led to extensive revolts practically throughout Italy as Europe mad in 1848.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In connection with the revolts, Carlo Alberto of Sardinia declared a war against Austria, which has been referred to as the First War of Independence.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Austria defeated the Sardinians and Carlo Alberto renounced the crown in favour of Viktor Emanuel II.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Rebellions were also defeated in Tuscany, Milan and Naples.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In Rome, the situation escalated in 1849 so that Pope Pius IX was forced to flee the city, and a republic was proclaimed there.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Roman defences were organized by Giuseppe Garibaldi.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Eventually France and Austria occupied Rome, where the rebellions ended.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The events of 1848—1849 strained the situation in Italy: Pius IX cancelled his liberal reforms, and Austria took control firmly in Lombardy, Venice, and virtually Tuscany.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Kingdom of Sardinia, which ruled Piedmont, remained somewhat independent and presided over the unification of Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Crimean War weakened Austria's international standing.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Sardinian Prime Minister Camillo Cavour and French Emperor Napoleon III met in the summer of 1858 and agreed to war against Austria — the treaty was preceded by an attempted assassination of Napoleon III by an Italian nationalist fanatic.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Sardinia did not achieve its objectives in the short Second War of Independence, but through skilful diplomacy, in 1860, Cavour was able to agree the accession of Tuscany and Emilia to Sardinia, after which Sardinia controlled much of northern and central Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Italy now had four states: Piedmont Sardinia, the Kingdom of Both Sicily, the Church State, and Austrian-ruled Venice.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi In May 1860, freedom fighter Giuseppe Garibaldi, who had resigned from the Sardinian army, invaded Sicily with a small force of volunteers and conquered Palermo after beating, with British support, the many times larger armies of the Kingdom of Both Sicily.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The episode showed the weakness of the Kingdom of Sicily and made Garibaldi a national hero.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In six weeks, Garibaldi took Messina and thereafter moved on to Italy, whose takeover of the southern parts went as fast as Sicily.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After winning Calabria and Naples, Garibaldi advanced towards Rome, but his advance was slowed by the ripples of the forces of the Kingdom of Sicily at both.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Sardinia decided to keep the situation under its control and conquered the Church State with the exception of its core part, mainly the city of Rome.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Garibaldi ceded southern Italy to King Viktor Emanuel II of Sardinia.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Cavour confirmed the annexations by referendum, and the elected First National Parliament met on 18 February 1861 and proclaimed Viktor Emanuel King of Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Italian capital at first became Turin, but it was changed to Florence in 1865.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Venice and Rome, which Garibaldi unsuccessfully still tried to take in 1862 and 1867, had remained outside the Kingdom of Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Venice joined Italy in 1866 in connection with the so-called Third War of Independence, but Pope Pius IX wanted nothing to do with the new state.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

However, the Papal position was dependent on the French garrison, and when withdrawn in the context of the Franco-Prussian War, it marched the Italian army to Rome on 20 September 1870.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Rome was annexed by referendum to Italy, and became the capital.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The pope barricaded himself in the Vatican and declared himself a “prisoner of the Vatican.”


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Kingdom Until 1922, Italy was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The constitution was largely inherited from the Constitution of the Kingdom of Sardinia of 1848 established by Carlo Alberto.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The king had, in principle, extensive powers, which, however, he did not often exercise.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The most notable change was universal male suffrage in 1912.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

King Umberto I was assassinated on 29 July 1900.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

He was succeeded by Viktor Emanuel III.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[13] In the Italian—Turkish War of 1911—1912, Italy conquered Libya.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[14] World War I Italy declared itself neutral at the start of World War I, claiming that the trialliance with Germany and Austria was only defensive and did not apply to the Austro-Hungarian war.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Both coalitions tried to win Italy over, and in April 1915 the country joined the Circum-Powers, declaring war on Austria-Hungary.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The aim was to have territorial extensions such as Trento, Trieste, Istria and Dalmatia at Austria's expense.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The fighting bogged down in the Austrian-Italian border region into a war of positions that claimed great losses.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In October 1917, the Austrians, with the help of German troops, broke through the Italians' lines, but with the support of the Circum-Powers, the Italian managed to halt the attack near Venice.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Fascist regime After the end of World War I, Italy gained most of the territories it wanted except Dalmatia, which was given to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

However, the war had claimed the lives of nearly 700,000 Italian soldiers, and the internal state of the country was chaotic.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Workers staged strikes demanding rights and better working conditions.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Some took over factories and production facilities following the model of the Russian Revolution.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Fascist Party, led by Benito Mussolini, emerged from the Black Waiters organisation that broke the strikes.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In October 1922, the Fascists marched on Rome.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The king forbade the army from meddling, allied himself with Mussolini and allowing him to form a fascist-led government.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the following years, Mussolini, who was known as “Il Ducena”, or leader, banned other political parties and curtailed civil liberties.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 1929, Mussolini signed the so-called lateran treaties with the Catholic Church, which led to the formation of a teeny Vatican City State under the papacy, ending the schism with the Pope that had been going on since 1870.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Mussolini was initially on quite good terms with Britain and France, but with Italy's conquest of Ethiopia in 1935—1936, relations with Western countries cooled.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Because of this, as well as ideological similarities, Italy was oriented towards Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, and formed a Berlin—Rome axis with Germany.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After Germany annexed Czechoslovakia without notifying Italy of the plan, Italy considered itself a lesser member of the Axis, and Mussolini decided to annex Albania to Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Albania was occupied on 7 April 1939, its king became King Viktor Emanuel III of Italy and a Fascist government was formed there.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Italian-German alliance was strengthened by the Steel Treaty on 22 May 1939.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

World War II Mussolini dreamed of a Greater Italy encompassing the Mediterranean, but Italy remained neutral when World War II broke out.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Italy declared war on France and Great Britain on 10 June 1940 with France's defeat looking certain.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

After the German occupation of Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and France, Mussolini decided to occupy Greece by using Albania as a support area.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

This failed badly, for not only did the Greeks repel the attack, they pushed the front deep into Albania.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Fearing that the Balkans would become the Achilles heel of its European rule, Germany occupied Greece and Yugoslavia.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

With the failure of the Soviet conquest (1941—1942) and the entry of the United States into the war (December 1941), the situation for the Axis powers deteriorated.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In March 1943, British and US forces were definitively defeated by the Italians and Germans in North Africa and came ashore in Sicily.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

King Viktor Emanuel III sacked and arrested Mussolini and appointed Marshal Pietro Badoglio as prime minister.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The new government officially resumed the war, but initiated secret peace talks.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Hitler did not trust Badoglio but sent troops to Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

On 8 September 1943, Badoglio's government concluded an armistice with the Allies, but did not declare war on Germany.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Badoglio and the king family relocated to Allied controlled territory.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the confusion that followed, most of the Italian army disintegrated and Germany took control of central and northern Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Germans freed Mussolini with a commando strike and installed him as puppet ruler of the Italian Social Republic established in the north.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

As the Allies slowly forced the Germans towards the north, the official government finally declared war on Germany.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

At the same time, the anti-fascist popular movement grew stronger and caused problems for the Germans.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Eventually, in April 1945, the Allies had pushed the Germans out of Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Italy's war success in World War II was something, with individual exceptions, weak.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The Fascists had thus utterly failed in the task they considered most important, turning Italy into a military power.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Republic After World War II, Italy was forced to abandon its African territories as well as Fiume and Istria, but freed itself from war reparations and received Marshall aid.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Elections were held in 1946 to elect a new Constituent Parliament.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Women had the right to vote in this election for the first time.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In conjunction with the election, a vote was taken to preserve the monarchy and the republican option won.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

King Umberto II resigned after only a month in power.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The parliamentary election was won by Italy's Christian Democratic Party (DC), which ruled Italy for nearly the next four decades.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The position of the Communist Party (PCI) was also quite strong in the post-war years.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The new constitution had to be prepared for almost two years and eventually, apart from the king, it became quite similar to the one that preceded the Fascist rule.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Italy became a republic with its president essentially having nominal power.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Italy is a founding member of both NATO and the European Community.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[15] Post-war Italy was faced with poverty and agrarian domination, but in the 1950s and 1960s the northern part was heavily industrialised, which has even been spoken of as an economic miracle for Italy, but the development of the south of the country was slower.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[16] Under the Lateran Contracts renewed in 1948, Italian marital law was regulated by the Catholic Church.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the 1970s, the church's power in this regard was breached and divorce, as well as abortion, were legalized.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The 1970s were marked by student riots and terrorism from both the far right and -left.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Of the many far-left organisations, the best known was the Red Brigades, whose most famous act is the 1978 capture and assassination of former Prime Minister Aldo Moro.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The single most serious act of terrorism was the 1980 bombing of Bologna railway station by a far-right organisation in which 84 people were killed.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The extensive Tangentopol kickback scandal of the early 1990s dissolved the DC Party and revolutionised the political map to such an extent that the period since has been talked of as a “second republic.”


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

With a broad campaign, the Italian government sought to quash corruption (the “clean hands” campaign), as well as the Mafia, whose members were arrested with the help of whistleblowers over 200 and assets were seized worth about $1 billion in 1992.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

[17] In the March 1994 general election, the overwhelming winner was the Alliance for Freedom (Polo della Libertá), formed as an electoral alliance, formed by Forward Italy (Forza Italia, FI), founded by media mogul Silvio Berlusconi, the National Conservative National League (Alleanza Nazionale, AN) and Northern Alliance (Lega Nord, LN) called for autonomy for Northern Italy.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Berlusconi formed a right-wing coalition government in which the aforementioned parties participated.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The government was already toppled in December 1994 over bribery suspicion against Berlusconi.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In 1996, with Romano Prodi's centre-left coalition coming to power, Prodi's government lasted until the rest of 1998.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

In the 2001 elections, the “House of Freedoms” (Casa delle Libertà) coalition led by Berlusconi survived the winner, and Berlusconi was allowed to form his second government.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Forza Italia gained from the country's upper house of parliament, the Senate (Senato della Repubblica), 82 seats out of 315 and the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati), 189 seats out of 630.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The main opposition force in the early 2000s was the centre-left “Olive Tree” (Uniti Nell'ulivo) coalition, whose largest party is the Social Democratic “Democrats of the Left” (Democratici di Sinistra).


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The bribery trial against Berlusconi was halted in June 2003 when parliament voted on a new law guaranteeing legal immunity to politicians and judges.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Berlusconi's reign continued into the April 2006 elections, narrowly won by Romano Prodi's coalition.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Prodi's first government, made up of a dozen parties, lasted nine months before falling to a vote to keep the country's troops in Afghanistan.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

However, Prodi was allowed to form a new government.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

The centre-left's new party grouping has been the Democratic Party since, [18] and its ranks emerged in early 2014 as Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.


Question: What year is Italy founded?

History of Italy

Sources On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Alkane is a hydrocarbon in which there are only simple covalent bonds between carbon atoms.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

They are also known as saturated hydrocarbons, as they contain the highest possible amount of hydrogen per carbon atom.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

If the alkane does not have a ring, i.e., it is acyclic, its general molecular formula is CnH2N+2.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The formula for cyclic alkane is CnH2n, respectively.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Isomery of acyclic alkanes The simplest alkane is methane (CH4).


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

It is the only alkane formed from a single carbon atom.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Similarly, ethane (CH3CH3) is the only straight-chain alkane formed of the two and propane (CH3CH2CH3) of the three carbon atoms.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

However, from the four carbon atoms, it is possible to form two different acyclic alkanes: butane and 2-methylpropane, or isobutane.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The molecular formula of butane and isobutane are the same C4H10, but their structure is different — they are structural isomers of each other.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The number of isomers of acyclic alkanes increases significantly as the atomic number of the compound increases: isomers of acyclic alkanesmolecular formula isomers LKM.C5H123C6H145C7H169C8H1818C9H2035C10H2275C15H324 347C20H42366 319C30H624 111 846 763 Acyclic alkane can twist through its carbon-carbon bonds.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Because of this, it is very diverse in the conformational isomer basin.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

However, hydrogen atoms with positive partial charge, as a rule, are as far away from each other as possible according to the minimum energy principle.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The isomery of cycloalkanes Cycloalkanes are more rigid compared to acyclic alkanes of the conformational isomer basin.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

For example, it is impossible for the carbon-carbon bonds of cyclopropane to twist without breaking the ring structure.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Twisting is only possible with sufficiently large cycloalkanes — the twisting of hydrogen atoms at C25 and larger cycloalkanes makes little difference from that of any more straight-chain alkanes.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

However, in the most common cycloalkanes, C3-7 twisting is extremely limited.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Because of their shape, cycloalkanes containing alkyl groups can exhibit cis-trans isomeries.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

In this case, the alkyl groups are on the same or different side of the ring.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Naming of straight-chain alkanes Straight chain alkanes, or n-alkanes, are named after the carbon atoms they contain as follows: Designation of N-alkanesquantity of carbon atomsstructure formulaicas number1CH4methane74-82-82CH3CH3ethane74-84-03CH3CH2CH2CH3propane74-98-64CH3CH2CH2CH3butane106-97-85CH3 (CH2) 3CH3pentane109-66-06CH3 (CH2) CH3hexane110-54-37CH3 (CH2) 5CH3heptane142-82-58CH3 (CH2) 6CH3octane111-65-99CH3 (CH2) 7CH3nonan111- 84-210CH3 (CH2) 8CH3decane124-18-511CH3 (CH2) 9CH3undecane1120-21-412CH3 (CH2) 10CH3dodecane112-40-313CH3 (CH2) 11CH3tridecan629-50-514CH3 (CH2) 12CH3tetradecane629-59-59-415CH3 (CH2) 13CH3pentadecane629-62-916CH3 (CH2) 14CH3hexadecane544-76-317CH3 (CH2) 15CH3Heptadecane629-78-718CH3 (CH2) 16CH3octadecane593- 45-319CH3 (CH2) 17CH3Nonadecane629-92-520CH3 (CH2) 18CH3eicosan112-95-821CH3 (CH2) 19CH3heneicosaani629-94-722CH3 (CH2) 20CH3Docosaane629-97-023CH3 (CH2) 21CH3TRIK3TRIK3TRIKA629-97-023CH3 (CH2) 21CH3TRIK3TRIK3TRIKA629-023CH3 (CH2) Osane638-67-524CH3 (CH2) 22CH3tetracosane646-31-125CH3 (CH2) 23CH3pentacosane629-99-226CH3 (CH2) 24CH3hexacosane630-01-327CH3 (CH2) 25CH3Heptacosane593-49-728CH3 (CH2) 26CH3octacosane630-02-429CH3 (CH2) 27CH3nonacosane630-03-530CH3 (CH2) 28CH3triacontani638-68-631CH3 (CH2) 29CH3hentriacontane630-04-64-32CH3 (CH2) 30CH3DOTRIACONTANE544-85-433CH3 (CH2) 31CH3tritriacontani630-05-734CH3 (CH2) 32CH3tetratriacontane14167-59-035CH3 (CH2) 33CH3pentatriacontani630-07-936CH3 (CH2) 34CH3hexatriacontani630-06-837CH3 (CH2) 35CH3heptatriacontane7194-84-538CH3 (CH2) 36CH3octatriacontane7194-85-639CH3 (CH2) 37CH3Nonatriacontane7194-85-639CH3 (CH2) 37CH3Nonatriacontane7194-85-639CH3 (CH2) 37CH3nonatriacontan7194-86-740CH3 (CH2) 38CH3tetracontane4181-95-741CH3 (CH2) 39CH3hentetracontratane7194-87-842CH3 (CH2) 40CH3DotetraContane7098-20-643CH3 (CH2) 41CH3TritetraContane7098-21-744CH3 (CH2) 42CH3tetratetracontainan7098-22-845CH3 (CH2) 43CH3pentatetracontratane7098-23-946CH3 (CH2) 44CH3hexatetracontratane7098-23-946CH3 (CH2) 44CH3hexatetracontratane7098-23-946CH3 (CH2) 44CH3hexatetracontratane ANE7098-24-047CH3 (CH2) 45CH3HeptatetraContane7098-25-148CH3 (CH2) 46CH3octatetracontane7098-26-249CH3 (CH2) 47CH3nonatetracontainan7098-27-350CH3 (CH2) 48CH3pentacontane6596-40-360CH3 (CH2) 58CH3hexacontane7667-80-370CH3 (CH2) 68CH3Heptacontane7719-93-980CH3 (CH2) 78CH3octacontane7667-88-190CH3 (CH2) 88CH3nonacontaan7667-51-8100CH3 (CH2) 98CH3Decacontane or hectan6703-98-6 The naming of alkanes is based on except for the first four to Greek reading words with the -ane suffix added.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The IUPAC naming convention for organic compounds that alkanes are named after, is based on dividing the name into three parts: initial, middle and final.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The initial part indicates the place of the functional group or alkyl group contained in the compound.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

However, the initial part is not marked if the group has only one possible place or, as in the case of n-alkanes, it does not exist.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The middle part of the name indicates the number of carbon atoms in the longest uniform carbon chain it contains, in the case of n-alkanes it means the number of carbon atoms contained in the entire compound.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

For example, the central “pent” thus denotes a uniform chain of five carbon atoms.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The remainder of the compound name describes which category the compound belongs to.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

In alkanes, the suffix is -ane.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Thus, n-alkane composed of five carbon atoms is called pentane.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Naming branched-chain alkanes The middle part of the branch-chained, or iso-alkanes name, is determined by the longest uniform carbon chain.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The branches of the chain are then expressed as certain functional groups, alkyls.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Alkyls are simply alkanes, lacking a single hydrogen atom.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The alkyl group and its place are expressed in the initial part of the name of the compound.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

For example, butane, by the second (2.)


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

carbon is associated with methyl, is called 2-methylbutane.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Calculation of the longest carbon chain is started from where there is the shortest distance to the functional group.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

If there are several functional groups and there is an equal distance from each end to the first groups, the calculation is started where the journey to the next functional group is shorter.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Naming cycloalkanes Cycloalkanes are named by attaching a cycloo-prefix to the name of the hydrocarbon.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Designation of cycloalkanesNumber of carbon atomsStructureForname3 (CH2) 3Cyclopropane4 (CH2) 4Cyclobutane5 (CH2) 5Cyclopentane6 (CH2) 6Cyclohexane If a cycloalkane has an associated carbon chain containing the number of carbon atoms less than or equal to the cycloalkane tyre contained number of carbon atoms, the compound is named as a cycloalkane containing an alkyl substitute.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Similarly, if a cycloalkane ring has been associated with a longer alkane from its carbon chain, the compound is designated as the alkane containing the cycloalkane subinstitute.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Calculation of the carbon chain of cycloalkane begins with the carbon atom containing the substituent, from which the carbon atom containing the second substituent has a shorter distance.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

If there are several options, the shortest distance is also sought to the next carbon atom containing the substituent (third, fourth...) until any divergence in favour of a particular option is found.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

If naming work with shortest distances results in several options, the name is chosen alphabetically so that the sooner coming substituent in the compound acquires a smaller number: for example, 1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane rather than 2-ethyl-1-methylcyclopentane.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

This procedure applies, in addition to alkyl groups, halogens.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Physical Properties All alkanes are poolless.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

In addition, alkanes are lighter than water and do not dissolve in it practically at all.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Properties of acyclic alkanes Features The melting and boiling points of unbranched alkanes increase as the length of the carbon chain increases: Melting and boiling pointsof N-alkanesnameformula melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C) Methanich4−182−162ethanich3CH3−183−89propanich3CH2CH3−188−42butanich3CH2ch2CH3−138−0.5pentanich3 (CH2) 3CH3130−36−Hexanich3 (CH2) 4CH3−9569heptanich3 (CH2) 5CH3−9198octanich3 (CH2) 6CH3−57126nonaanich3 (CH2) 7CH3− 54151Decanich3 (CH2) 8CH3−30174Undecanich3 (CH2) 9CH3−26196dodecanich3 (CH2) 10CH3−10216 The increase in melting and boiling points as the molecular mass of n-alkane increases is due to an increase in intermolecular van der Waals forces, or dispersion forces.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

As the size of the molecule increases, the volatility of site-specific distribution of electrons increases and thus the temporary dipole moments obtained by the molecules are larger.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Branching lowers the boiling point of alkane.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

For example, n-pentane has a boiling point of 36.1°C at normal pressure, 27.85°C for single-branch isopentane (2-methylbutane) and 9.5°C for bifurcated neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane).


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The lower boiling points of branched alkanes are explained by their shapes — being rounder, their surface area and thus the volatility of site-specific distribution of electrons is lower, which weakens their dispersion forces.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

At room temperature and normal pressure, straight-chain alkanes from methane to butane are gases, from pentane to C17H36 liquids and onwards solids.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Characteristics of cycloalkanes Olomforms The boiling points of cycloalkanes increase like straight-chain alkanes as molecular mass increases.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

However, melting points vary widely with different compounds due to the different shapes of cycloalkanes.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Chemical reactions Alkanes generally do not react very strongly because their carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds are strong covalent bonds.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

However, with a few substances such as oxygen, halogens and nitric acid, they react quite sensitively under suitable conditions.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Alkane substitution reactions In a substitution reaction, one or more of the hydrogen atoms in alkane are replaced by another atom or group of atoms.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

When connecting halogens, the reaction is called halogenation.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Among other things, alkanes react with chlorine when irradiated with ultraviolet light.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

In this case, compounds containing chlorine in different quantities are created, as well as hydrochloric acid.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

For example, methane reacts with chlorine as follows: CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl to form methyl chloride (Ch3Cl) and hydrochloric acid.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

If sufficient chlorine is present, methane also produces dichloromethane (Ch2Cl2), trichloromethane, or chloroform (CHCl3), and tetrachloromethane, or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

[1] When more high-molecular alkanes react with chlorine, the bonds between carbon atoms do not break.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

So, for example, from ethane (C2H6), several chlorinated hydrocarbons can be generated when chlorinated, with the number of chlorine atoms in molecules ranging from one (in ethyl chloride, Clch2—CH3) to six (in hexachloroethane, Cl3C—Ccl3), but in all of which there are still two carbon atoms.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

[1] Bromine reacts with some alkanes in the same way as chlorine, but more slowly.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

However, it displaces hydrogen only from carbon atoms bound to three other carbon atoms and only one hydrogen atom.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

[1] With fluorine, alkanes react so fiercely that their molecules are completely degraded.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

All bonds between carbon atoms are broken, and even more alkanes containing carbon atoms produce only tetrafluoromethane and hydrogen fluoride, for example: [1] H3C—CH3 + 7 F2 → 2 CF4 + 6 HF Nitration of alkanes At high temperatures in vapor state, alkanes also react with nitric acid.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

This too is a substitution reaction and occurs as follows (R denotes an arbitrary alkyl group consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms): R—CH3 + HNO3 → R—CH2—NO2 + H2O In this case, however, only one hydrogen atom is replaced by a nitro group (NO2), but the bonds between the carbon atoms may at the same time break off.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The reaction products are called nitroalkanes.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

[1] Combustion of alkanes At elevated temperature, alkanes react at temperatures higher than a certain point of ignition particularly sensitively with oxygen; they burn.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

As reaction products, carbon dioxide and water are produced, and at the same time a large amount of energy is released as heat.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

[1] This is based on the use of hydrocarbon mixtures gasoline, heavy and light fuel oil and natural gas as fuels in engines and heating appliances.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The energy-releasing reaction is called exothermic.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

For example, the combustion reaction of methane, which is mainly natural gas, is: CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O +890kJ/mol Even larger alkanes are completely degraded when burned, that is, all bonds in their molecules break.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

For example, the combustion reaction of propane, a major LPG material, is: [1] H3C—CH2—CH3 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2+2213kJ/mol If there is not enough oxygen, however, some of the carbon atoms involve only one oxygen atom; in this case carbon monoxide, i.e. carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide is produced.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

[1] Cracking At high temperature and pressure, bonds between carbon atoms may break.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

The reaction is called a cracker.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

In this case, highly reaction-sensitive free radicals emerge as an intermediate step, which are short-lived and react with each other to form new, usually lower molecular hydrocarbons than the original.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Cracking plays a big role in oil refining.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

[1] See also alkyls, which are like alkanes but lack a hydrogen atom.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

alkenes containing one or more covalent double bonds.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

alkynes containing a trigeminal bond.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = McMurry, John| title = Organic Chemistry (5th ed.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

) | chapter=3, Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes| year = 1999| id = ISBN 0-534-37366-6| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

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Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

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Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

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Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

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Question: What is the difference between alkane and alkyne?

Alkanes

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Cockroaches are belonging to the subfamily Blattodea, flat-bodied in shape and extremely hardy insects.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

In European urban environments, cockroaches are about 2—5 cm long, but in other parts of the world they can grow up to 10 cm in length [1].


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Contrary to claims in the hardy city story, cockroaches cannot withstand extraordinary amounts of ionizing radiation compared to other insects.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

[2] There are about 4000 different cockroach species.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

The most common housing cockroach in Finland is the russack (Blatta germanica), a moderately small species of cockroach (8—13 mm long).


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

It lives in small colonies in suitably warm (20—30 °C) and humid areas.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

It is applied to the environment of the furnace, behind radiators and in the grommets of heat pipelines.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Due to their flat shape, cockroaches can fit into very tight places.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

They have been found piled up behind, among other things, a light breaker protective plate.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Russakka fetches in the dark from the kitchen for nourishment among others.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

cereals, vegetables and meat.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Other species found indoors in Finnish conditions, along with russaka, are Swedish cockroach (Blatta orientalis), French cockroach or “tv cockroach” (Supella longipalpa), sugar cockroach or American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae).


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

[3] Forest cockroach (Ectobius sylvestris) and lapping cockroach (Ectobius lapponicus) are found as wild species in Finland.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Attitude to cockroaches Cockroaches have been considered harmful and repulsive animals, as they, among other things, spoil food supplies.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Cockroaches defecate in their places of eating and thus cause food spoilage and even dangerous diseases for humans.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

They have also been thought to suck people's blood.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Cockroaches are surviving and adaptable animals that have been difficult to eradicate from human homes once settled in them.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Eradicating house cockroaches with old-fashioned poisons has often required so much poison that it's been unhealthy for people to live in a house for a while, too.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

You have to poison the whole house at once — for example, poisoning an individual apartment apartment is not enough, because cockroaches will soon come back from second dwellings.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Today, certain cockroaches such as “Madagascar cockroach” Gromphadorhina portentosa, “chocolate cockroach” Shelfordella tartara, “Argentinian cockroach” Blaptica dubia, “skull cockroach” Blaberus craniifer, “fake skull cockroach” Blaberus discoidalis and “giant cockroach” Blaberus giganteus, as well as Archimandrita tessellata and Nauphoeta cinerea, are also grown in terrariums in Finland as nutrients for lizards and bird spiders kept as pets.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Etymology The words russakka and cockroach are borrowed from the Russian language.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

The equivalent of the word russakka in Russian, prusak (transliteration), primarily means Prussian, but the word has also been used as a designation for cockroaches, in which sense the word has also been adopted into the Finnish and Karelian languages.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Originally, russakka and cockroach were only alternative names for cockroaches in Finland, but since then, with the natural science specification of species, it has been decided that cockroaches refer to the whole sect, whereas russaka refers to the species of cockroaches most familiar to Finns.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Sources Etymology: Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Erkki Itkonen (ed.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

) | title = Origin of Finnish Words| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 1992—2000| id = ISBN 951-717-692-9}} Durability: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) References On the subject elsewhere Helsingin Sanomat 7 September 2010 Oy Transmeri Ab Oy Transmeri Ab Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How many 'legs' does a cockroach have?

Cockroaches

Category:Neo-wingers Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

Ubisoft Entertainment S.A.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

(formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment Software) is a French company focused on video game development and publishing.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

It is the third largest in Europe and the seventh largest independent video game company in the United States.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

History The five brothers of the Guillemot family founded Ubisoft in 1986 in France.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

[1] In the company's first decade, positive reviews from publications received such as platformer Twinworld (1989), sports game Pro Tennis Tour (1989, sequel 1991), sci-fi adventure game B.A.T.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

(1990, sequel 1992) and war strategy game Battle Isle (1991).


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

With its technical implementation, the action game Unreal (1990) attracted attention.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

In addition, Ubisoft released the PC Engine console mascot game (known by the names PC Kid and Adventures of Bonk) for 16-bit computers under the name BC Kid (1992).


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

The games received favourable reviews were mainly those released for Amiga and Atari ST.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

Of the 8-bit translations, perhaps the most important role playing game Iron Lord (1989, translation of the Commodore 64, 1990) The company soon became partners with major gaming houses such as Electronic Arts, Sierra On-Line and Microprose.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

Before the turn of the decade, the company had expanded its operations to include the U.S.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

The company has acquired Red Storm Entertainment in 2000, thereby gaining control of the rights and further development of the Rainbow Six franchise.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

[2] In 2001, Ubisoft acquired The Learning Company, obtaining the rights to the Myst and Prince of Persia series, among others.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

[3] The company has purchased the German Sunflowers game house and thus obtained the rights to the Anno series.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

[4] The development of the Anno series has subsequently continued at the Ubisoft-owned Blue Byte studio.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

Subsidiaries Ubisoft has several subsidiaries and owns, among others, the Finnish studio Redlynx and the German studio Blue Byte.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

Ubisoft Motion Pictures is responsible for making film adaptations of the company's games, exemplified by the Assassin's Creed movie.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

Ubisoft has 29 game development studios in 17 countries.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

[5] Studios Ubisoft Annecy Ubisoft Montpellier Ubisoft Montreal Ubisoft Quebec Ubisoft San Francisco Ubisoft Singapore Ubisoft Sofia Ubisoft Toronto Closed Studios Ubisoft Casablanca [5] Uplay Uplay is a digital games trading business developed by Ubisoft and delivery service.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

It is available for PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Wii U, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, iOS, as well as Android.


Question: When was Ubisoft founded?

Ubisoft

Games Ubisoft has a host of well-known games and game series: Anno Assassin's Creed Beyond Good & Evil Brothers in Arms Far Cry Heroes of Might and Magic Just Dance Prince of Persia Rayman The Settlers Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell Trials Watch Dogs Valiant Hearts: The Great War Growtopia Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

List of Encrypted Lives

Personal information about people who left the Encrypted Lives television series aired by MTV3.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

List of Encrypted Lives

The following of this deals with the families of Encrypted Lives and some of the minor characters.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

List of Encrypted Lives

Here are the persons: Aaltoset Heidi Aaltonen Pertti Aaltonen Pertti Aaltonen (born 5 June 1951) was the father of Heidi and Tuuka.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Her voice was heard in flashbacks by Heidi and Tuuka in 2010.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Pertti had years ago, as a result of a family feud caused by his own jealousy, shot his wife and himself.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

List of Encrypted Lives

Tuukka Aaltonen Tuukka Aaltonen (ed.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Antti Launonen, 2009—2010) is the brother of Heidi Aaltonen, who worked for a long time on an oil rig in Norway, but returned back to Finland to be with his sister, arriving in the series at the same time.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Tuukka founded the Amadeus Gymnasium in Innätalo Amanda together with Ossi Puolaka.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Since then, however, Ossi has bought Tuukanki's stake for himself.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Tuukka lived cohabiting and was engaged to Cindy Rintala.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Tuukka would have wanted to have children, but Cindy's previous pregnancy and the consequent surrender of the child for adoption had caused Cindy the traumas, and she didn't want children.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

List of Encrypted Lives

This eventually led to the end of the duo's relationship.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

List of Encrypted Lives

Tuukka moved to South America and at the same time exited the series in November 2010.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

List of Encrypted Lives

Arot, Ilola Maija Aro Maija Aro (ed.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Hertta Yrjana, 2006—2008 and Ella Niemelä, 2006) is the daughter of Romeo Aro and Emma Ilola, whose existence Romeo wanted to hide from his new sweetheart Annika.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Later, the secret was revealed to Annika and this too took care of Maija.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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After Annika died, Maija and Romeo stayed with Lasse and Paula Sievinen until they found their own apartment.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Later, Romeo sold narcotics and committed car thefts, resulting in Sergei Kuula and Sebastian Vuorela taking revenge on Romeo.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Maija is kidnapped by Sergei and her mother Helena drugged Romeo.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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As Maija faced child welfare authorities, Romeo's brother Rafael took the girl into his custody.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Maija exited the series in May 2008 [1] and later moved with Romeo and Rafael to Las Vegas, which came to light from the spin-off series Romeo & Rafael Desperados.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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[2] Rafael Aro Rafael Aro [3] (ed.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Sami Ristiniemi, 2007—2008) is Romeo's brother and Maija's uncle.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Rafael's background in childhood is the same as Romeo's: parents couldn't take care of their children, so they found themselves in a children's home.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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In their youth, the brothers feuded, but later worked out between them.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Rafael dated Jenni Vainio for a while, but the relationship ended in separation.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Rafael has also had a sexual relationship with Helena Kuula, for which Helena paid Rafael.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

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Rafael found himself involved in his brother's twilight business.


Question: What age did Martti Olavi Kivinen die?

List of Encrypted Lives

The situation escalated to an accidental shot that hit Sergei Kula.