Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

He is remembered as a “fairy tale uncle” because he wrote educational and popular children's fairy tales.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius presented the children as brisk and initiative.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

His pedagogy represented neo-humanism, which emphasized the building of positive character.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius took issue with fragments of diffuse knowledge, negativity and cynicism.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius authored two elementary education textbooks, the Book of Nature (1860) and the Book of Our Country (1875).


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Thinking Topelius learned Finnish while studying in trivial school and, as a journalist, urged mothers to teach their children Finnish.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius believed that Finnish culture became predominantly Finnish-speaking, but he also stressed the historical and cultural importance of Swedish heritage and Swedish language in Finland.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Topelius's historical novels emphasize patriotism, religion, and a society that requires social classes to cooperate in harmony.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius's conception of history originated from G. W. F. Hegel.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

He held that Providence guided the course of history, while Hegel again viewed reason as guiding it.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius thought history was the history of peoples, in which each nation sought to become aware of their vocation and create a state for themselves.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

[7] Honours As is often the case for senior professors, Topelius was awarded the Second Class Cross of the Order of St. Anna in 1877.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

He was granted the rank of Privy Councillor in 1878, which was usual for one-term principals.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

The Swedish Academy awarded Topelius two prizes and he was also awarded a few honorary memberships, including to the Society of Finnish Literature.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

However, neither the Finnish Science Society nor the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences elected him as their member.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland did not accept Topelius as an honorary member until late.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius himself felt that he did not receive enough appreciation from his contemporaries.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

It was not until his 80th birthday celebrations and especially at the grand funeral that followed the celebrations that soon followed.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Statues and monuments have been erected in honour of Topelius.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

A grave statue carved by Walter Runeberg towards Valo was erected on Topelius' grave grave at Hietaniemi Cemetery (V21-12-3) in 1905.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Funds for the grave monument had been obtained through a civic collection organised by the Finnish Women's Association.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

A statue sculpted by sculptor Emil Wikström, showing Topelius surrounded by children, was unveiled in Vaasa in 1915.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Funds for the statue of “fairy tale uncle” came mainly as donations from Vaasa schoolchildren.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

[8] Topelius also wanted to have a statue in the capital, and Svenska litteratursällskapet started raising funds for the project in 1908.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

This resulted in one of Finland's most famous statue controversies, in which adherents of traditional-looking realism and modern monument art were contrasted.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Sculptor Ville Vallgren sculpted a realistic memorial statue in which Topelius is depicted surrounded by children in the manner of the statue of Vaasa, and offered it to both Litteratursällskapet and the City of Helsinki.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

However, these were unwilling to take on the sculpture.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

In 1929, Litteratursällskapet held a memorial competition which was won by Gunnar Finne's proposal for Fairy Tale and Truth.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Finne's sculpture was more modernist than Vallgren's: it was not a statue of Topelius, but depicted two allegorical nude female figures.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Finne's sculpture generated fierce opposition among people who preferred Vallgren's realistic Topelius, and a popular movement quickly emerged around the writer Maila Talvio, who acquired the funds to erect a statue of Vallgren in Helsinki.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Because of this, two statues commemorating Zachris Topelius were unveiled in 1932 in Helsinki: Vallgren's Realist Topelius and the Children in the School Puistikko and Finne's Symbolist Fable and Truth in the Esplanade Park.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

[8] Topeliuksenkatu is named after Topeliuksenkatu in Töölö, Kokkola and Lohja, Topeliuksentie in Mikkeli and Topeliuksenpuistikko in Uussakaarlepyy.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

The Topelius study of Zachris Topelius has been published numerous biographies.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

The most extensive and notable is the six-volume Zacharias Topelius: Hans lif och skaldegärning (1912—1930) written by his pupil, literary scholar Valfrid Vasenius.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius' grandson Paul Nyberg, who organised his grandfather's literary estate in the National Library into the Topelius Collection, published his diaries under the name Zacharias Topelius dagböcker (1918—1924) and selections of his correspondence under the name Konstnärsbrev (1956—1960), as well as the biographer Zachris Topelius: En biografisk skildring (1949).


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

There have also been a large number of historical and literary scholarly specialised studies published on Topelius, such as Matti Klinge's Idyll and the Menace: The Ideas and Politics of Topelius (1998).


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius' compiled works have been published twice, first in Swedish from 1904 to 1907 and then in Finnish from 1929 to 1939.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

These series of works, however, include only Topelius's works of fiction, not, for example, his newspaper writings, diaries, or correspondence.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland launched the Zacharias Topelius skrifter edition in 2005, which aims to publish “literary works and other literary estate as comprehensively as possible”.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

The edition is digital and freely available, and some of the material is also published in print.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

By autumn 2017, eight volumes of the edition have been published.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

[9] Works The Hunting of Charles the King (Kung Karls jakt) Princess of Kypro (Princess af Cypern) My book of insanity pamphlets (Blad ur min tänkebok) Readings for children (Läsning för barn), including fairy tales: The Pearl of Adalmina Birch and the Star (Björken och stjärnan) Sampo Lappalainen Nature Book (Naturens bok) Our country book (Boken om vårt land) Traveling in Finland (En resa i Finland) Old Baron of Rautakylä (Gamla baron på Rautakylä) Regina von Emmeritz Sylvia's songs: Summer day in Kangasa (En sommardag i Kangasala) Sylvia's Christmas Carol (En sommardag i Kangasala) Sylvias hälsning från Sicilien) Winter Evening Stories (Vinterqvällar — listed below have also appeared as separate books) The King's Glove (Kungens handske) Linnainen Manor Green Chamber (Gröna kammaren i Linnais gård) Duchess of Finland (Hertiginnan af Finland) safeties (Planeternas skyddslingar, later Stjärnornas kungabarn) Välskär narratives (Fältskärns berättelser) Simeon Levis resa i Finland framställdt i teckningar Bride and other horror novelties, Faros 2013 Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Klinge, Matti| title= Idyll and Threat: Topelius Ideas and Policy| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-0-22952-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mazzarella, Merete| title = No longing, not sadness: The day Zacharias Topelius| publisher = January| year = 2009| id = ISBN 951-31-4758-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tiitta, Allan| title = Land of Grey Stone: Zacharias Topelius and Geography of Finland| location = Helsinki | publisher = Finnish Science Society | year = 1994| version = Bidrag till kännedom av Finland natur och folk, 147| id = ISBN 951-653-273-X}} On the topic elsewhere in Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

(in Swedish) Freely downloadable e-books by Zacharias Topelius National Library Referenced 9.4.2008.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

(in Swedish) Booksampo.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

375 humanists as of June 20, 2015.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

University of Helsinki.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

Enni Mustonen: “Shepherd Girl”.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

A novel about a maid girl who served Zachris Topelius in old age days mainly in Koivuniemi.


Question: Where did Isak Lindqvist die?

Zachris Topelius

* Category:Those born in 1818 Class:Those who died in 1898 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

June 30 is, according to the Gregorian calendar, the 181st day of the year (182nd day in a leap year).


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

There are 184 days left of the year.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

Name days Finnish calendar: Päiviö, Päivö Finnish-Swedish calendar: Leif Orthodox calendar: Andreas, Simo, Petri, Jaakko, Juha, Tani, Matti, Tuomas Sámi calendar: Leaifa in older calendars: Elof, Jesper, Lucina, Martialis, Otto, Days Events 1632 — University of Tartu was founded.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1651 — The Battle of Beresteczko ended in victory for the Poles.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1864 — President of the United States Abraham Lincoln ceded the Yosemite Valley (Yosemite Valley) to California “for use by citizens as a holiday and recreation area”.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1908 — A powerful explosion occurred in the Kivisen-Tunguska region of Siberia, the cause of which has not been established.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

The incident is known as the Tunguska explosion.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1934 — Night of the Long Knives in Nazi Germany.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1936 — Margaret Mitchell's success novel Gone with the Wind is published.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1956 — Aviation: TWA's Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide over the Grand Canyon, Arizona, with 128 people killed.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1960 — Democratic Republic of the Congo becomes independent.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1971 — Space exploration: The crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft is killed on landing without leaving the ship through a faulty valve.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1971 — The 26th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which lowered the voting age to 18 years, went into effect when Ohio adopted it as the 38th state.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1997 — Hong Kong was returned to China after 156 years of being a crown colony by the British.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

1997 — The first Harry Potter book The Philosopher's Stone appeared.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

2002 — The 17th Football World Cup held in Japan and South Korea, which began on 31 May, ended.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

2018 — Helsinki Pride procession became one of Finland's largest public events ever, with a record 100,000 people attending the procession.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

Births 1470 — Charles VIII, King of France (d. 1498) 1685 — John Gay, English poet and playwright (Beggar's Opera) (d. 1732) 1685 — Dominikus Zimmermann, German architect (d. 1766) 1768 — Elizabeth Monroe, spouse of U.S. President James Monroe (d. 1930) 1775 — Paul de Barras, French viscount, officer and director (d. 1829) 1789 — Horace Vernet, French painter (d. 1863) 1791 — Félix Savart, French physicist, researcher of magnetism and acoustics (d. 1841) 1817 — Joseph Dalton Hooker, Englishman Botanist (d. 1911) 1828 — Frederick Low, American Republican politician (d. 1894) 1862 — Nikolai Judenich, Russian general (d. 1933) 1868 — Lauri Ingman, Prime Minister of Finland and Archbishop of Turku (d. 1934) 1883 — Johan Olin, Finnish wrestler (d. 1928) 1892 — Oswald Pohl, German Nazi leader (d. 1951) 1893 — Walter Ulbricht, East German leader (d. 1973) 1897 — Erkki Pirinen, Finnish novelist (d. 1961) 1897 — Emil Skog, Finnish politician (d. 1981) 1906 — Emil Anton Bundmann (“Anthony Mann”), American actor and actor film director (Glenn Miller Story) (d. 1967) 1908 — Winston Graham, English novelist (d. 2003) 1911 — Czesław Miłosz, Polish poet and essayist (d. 2004) 1912 — Ludwig Bölkow, German aircraft engineer (k. . 2003) 1913 — Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007) 1917 — Susan Hayward, American Oscar-winning actress (Let Me Live!)


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

(d. 1975) 1917 — Lena Horne, American actress, dancer and jazz singer (“Stormy Weather”) (d. 2010) 1920 — Kalervo af Ursin, Finnish high jumper and athletic trainer (d. 2004) 1926 — Paul Berg, American biochemist, winner of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 — Andrew Hill, American jazz pianist (d. 2007) 1933 — Tomislav Ivić, Croatian football coach (d. 2011) 1933 — Anna Maria Massetani (“Lea Massari”), Italian actress 1936 — Fatima-Zohra Imalayen (“Assia Djebar”), Algerian writer (d. 2015) 1942 — Robert Ballard, American oceanographer and marine archaeologist 1942 — Tuula-Liina Varis, Finnish writer and journalist 1943 — Florence Ballard, American singer (“The Supremes”) (d. 1976) 1943 — Kaj Alvar Järnström (“Rock-Jerry”), Finnish rock singer 1944 — Raymond Moody, American psychologist, physician and parapsychologist 1946 — Viera Collaro, Slovak-Danish visual and light artist 1947 — Tapio Kouki, Finnish actor 1951 — Stanley Clarke, American musician 1952 — David Garrison, American actor 1954 — Pierre Charles, Dominican politician (d. 2004) 1953 — Heikki Lyytinen, Finnish general, former Finnish Air Force


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

Commander 1958 — Kalevi Kiviniemi, Finnish organ artist 1958 — Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer 1959 — Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor (Full Metal Jacket) 1962 — Deirdre Lovejoy, American actor 1963 — Rupert Graves, English actor 1963 — Hannu Kivioja, Finnish actor 1963 — Lars Lannerbäck, (“Yngwie Malmsteen”) Swedish guitarist 1964 — Alexandra, Countess of Frediksborg, Princess of Denmark 1964 — Anu Hälä, Finnish director, actor and singer 1964 — Mark Waters, 1965 American film director — Steve Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player, 1965 — Gary Pallister, English football player 1965 — Mitch Richmond, American basketball player 1966 — Marton Csokas, New Zealander actor 1966 — Jukka Hankamäki, Finnish actor philosopher 1966 — Mike Tyson, American boxer (world heavyweight champion) 1968 — Philip Anselmo, American musician (“Pantera”) 1970 — Antonio Chimenti, Italian soccer player 1971 — Jamie McLennan, Canadian ice hockey goaltender 1971 — Monica Potter, American actor 1973 — Frank Rost, German footballer 1975 — Marja Kyllönen, Finnish writer 1975 — Ralf Schumacher, German racing driver 1975 — Rami Shaaban, Swedish football goalkeeper 1977 — Iyabode Orolade Remilekun Olusoga (Lola) Wallinkoski), Finnish model (1996 Miss Finland) 1977 — Justo Villar, Paraguayan soccer goalkeeper 1979 — Christopher Jacot, Canadian actor 1979 — Matthew Paul Miller (“Matisyahu”), American reggae musician 1980 — Rade Prica, Swedish football player 1981 — Saïf Ghezal, Tunisian footballer 1981 — Barbora Špotáková, Czech javelin thrower 1982 — Elizabeth Anne Caplan (“Lizzy Caplan”), American actress 1983 — Cheryl Tweedy (ex.


Question: When have Pride events started?

June 30

Cheryl Cole, Cheryl Fernandez-Versini), British singer (“Girls Aloud”) 1983 — Patrick Dennis Apps (“Patrick Wolf”), British musician 1984 — Gabriel Badilla, Costa Rican footballer 1984 — Fantasia Barrino (“Fantasia”), American singer 1985 — Michael Phelps, American swimmer (14-time Olympic champion) 1986 — Olivier Giroud, French footballer 1986 — Fredy Guarín, Colombian footballer 1987 — Janne Keränen, Finnish ice hockey player 1988 — Sean Marquette, American actor Dead 1817 — Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist and explorer (d. 1911) 1882 — Charles J. Guiteau, American lawyer (assassin of President James A. Garfield) (d. 1841) 1883 — Henrik Borgström, Finnish businessman, trade advisor, business and cultural life. 1799) 1919 — John Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, 1904 Nobel Prize-winning English physicist (born 1842) 1934 — Murdered on the Night of the Long Knives: Gustav Ritter von Kahr, German politician and Prime Minister (born 1862) Kurt von Schleicher, German general and Reich Chancellor (born 1882) Gregor Strasser, German party leader (born 1892) 1948 — Morris Fuller Benton, American letter designer (born 1872) 1952 — Mauno Pekkala, Prime Minister of Finland (born 1890) 1953 — Elsa Beskow, Swedish novelist, fairy tale writer, illustrator and Painter (born 1874) 1961 — Lee De Forest, American engineer (inventor of the electron tube) (born 1873) 1962 — Karl Fager, Finnish theatre and film designer (born 1883) 1966 — Giuseppe Farina, Italian car athlete and world champion (born 1906) 1971 — in the Soyuz 11 crash deceased Soviet cosmonauts: Georgi Dobrovolski (born 1928) Viktor Patsayev (born 1933) Vladislav Volkov (born 1935) 1985 — Haruo Remeliik, first President of Palau (born 1933) (assassinated) 1991 — Jyrki Lindström, Finnish lyricist, Finnish writer and journalist (born 1943) 2001 — 2001 Osmo Alaja, Bishop of the Diocese of Mikkeli (1959—1978) (born 1915) 2001 — Chester Burton Atkins (“Chet Atkins”), American guitarist (born 1924) 2005 — Éva Novák, Hungarian swimmer and Olympic champion (born 1930) 2005 — Alexei Sultanov, Soviet-American pianist (born 1969) ) 2010 — Park Yong-ha, Korean actor, singer and dancer (born 1977) 2015 — Kari Salosaari, Finnish theatre director and theatre director (born 1932) 2016 — Geoffrey Hill, English poet (born 1932) 2017 — Liisa Tenkku, Finnish music pedagogue (born 1918) 2017 — Simone Veil, French politician and minister (born 1927) See also: calendar ~ June 29, July 1 Category:June -06-30


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Dissidia Final Fantasy (), abbreviated as DFF or Dissidia is a game developed and published by Square Enix for the Final Fantasy series of games for the PlayStation Portable hand console.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

The game combines 20 characters from the first 10 parts and also includes one character from Final Fantasy XI and Final Fantasy XII.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

A sequel to the game Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy has been released.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Playing Dissidia is a three-dimensional brawling game with RPG elements in which the player can move their character freely around the field.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

The player can also use the environment to their advantage e.g.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

by running along the walls.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

There are two types of attacks in the game: Bravery and HP attacks.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

The player's Bravery points are displayed above HP with big numbers.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Using a Bravery attack, the character drops the opponent's Bravery points and increases his own to the extent of damage.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

By making an HP attack, the character drops the opponent's HP for Bravery points, causing Bravery to drop to zero and slowly start to return to its default.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

If a character's Bravery score falls below zero, the character gets into “Break” mode whereby the character cannot drop the opponent's HP or Bravery but can still attack the opponent with Bravery attacks to speed recovery, also hitting with an HP attack removes Break Mode restoring Bravery- score to zero whereupon Bravery begins to slowly return to its default.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Getting into Break mode also gives your opponent a “Stage Bravery” (a figure in the middle of the bottom) for more Bravery points.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In addition to Bravery and HP attacks, the game also features Summons to help the character in battle.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In addition, the game features Ex-Gauge, which is filled by collecting Ex-Force (blue balls generated in attacks) and Ex-Cors (appearing at certain intervals).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

When the Ex-Gauge is full, the character can move to the Ex-Mode and increase the character's powers and gain Regen status in addition to special features that depend on the character.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In addition, when hit by an HP attack, a character can use Ex-Burst, a powerful HP attack that cannot be dodged or repelled.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Completing an Ex-Burst also requires the player to perform a character-dependent action.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Ex-burst is also often associated with an attack specific to the character in the original game (E.g. Cloud's Omnislash).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

If a player is subjected to an Ex-Burst, they can reduce the Bravery damage they receive by pressing the O button in a certain rhythm.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Upon completion of battle, the player gains Gil, AP, PP, and possibly other items when winning.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

When losing, the player receives only AP (if the conditions required by it are met before losing) and PP.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Each character has their own level of experience and share common equipment.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Characters start at level one whereby they have manners with a few basic moves.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

As levels increase, characters begin to learn more advanced moves and skills.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

These abilities must be activated in order to be used.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Activation uses the CP points available to the character, which can be increased by increasing the level or with plugins (accessory).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Movements and skills also involve Ability Points (AP) with which a character can “master” their abilities.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Once the ability is mastered, its CP requirements are reduced and sometimes you also learn from it a better ability than that ability or, in the case of Bravery attacks, possibly an HP attack that can be executed directly after a Bravery attack without the opponent having a chance to counter it (unless the opponent activates an Ex-Mode, which when activated repels all attacks).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In addition, the player has PP points available to purchase additional features and characters in the game.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

The story of Dissidia Final Fantasy tells the story of the battle between Cosmos, the goddess of harmony, and Chaos, the god of discord.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Aided by the game, the Warrior of Light finds Cosmos wounded by Chaos.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

As the powers of light fade, Cosmos appears to the other nine heroes and gives them the task of finding the crystals that can save the world.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

The heroes manage to find the crystals and return to Cosmos, but Chaos arrives and kills Cosmos.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

As Cosmos' powers disappear, the heroes begin to disappear into their own worlds, but the crystals manage to prevent this.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

The heroes continue their journey to the Shrine of Chaos.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

There, the Crystals open the gate to Chaos' throne and the heroes face their final battle.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

After Chaos is beaten, the heroes are teleported outside Cornelia Castle (Final Fantasy I).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

There they return to their own worlds with their crystals and the Warrior of Light returns back to Cornelian Castle.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Game Features Fields The game contains 12 fields, 10 of which are related to the original games and two are part of Dissidia's own world.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

There is also an alternate field for each level (denoted by Ω-sign) where the field is the same but with additional properties (e.g. Old Chaos Shrine's alternate field drops both characters' Bravery points every second).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

The 12 fields in the game are: Old Chaos Shrine Pandaemonium World of Darkness Lunar Subterrane The Rift Kefka's Tower Planet's Core Ultimecia's Castle Crystal World Dream's End Order's Sanctuary Edge of Madness Characters The game features 22 playable characters (11 heroes and 11 enemies).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Each hero has his own story with the exception of Shantotto (Destiny Odyssey) in the game's story mode, in addition, enemies and Shantotto can play the other three stories in the game.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

The characters in the game are: Warrior of Light/Garland Firion/Emperor Mateus the Onion Knight/Cloud of Darkness Cecil Harvey/Golbez Bartz Klauser/ExDeath Terra Branford/Kefka Palazzo Cloud Strife/Sephiroth Squall Leonhart/Ultimecia Zidane Tribal/Alley Tidus/Jecht Shantotto (Final Fantasy XI)/Judge Gabranth (Final Fantasy XII) Game Modes Dissidia has five game formats: Story (Story), Arcade (not in Japanese release), Duel Colosseum, Quick Battle, and Multiplayer (via Ad hoc).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In Story Mode, the player gets to play the hero Destiny Odyssey stories each with five fields and finally face the enemy corresponding to the hero.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In addition to these stories, there are stories called Shade Impulse, Distant Glory and Inward Chaos, which are considerably more difficult compared to Destiny Odysses.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In arcade mode, the player gets to play with an already equipped character and no changes can be made to the character.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In arcade mode, the number of opponents depends on the degree of difficulty and opponents do not receive experience, AP, or PP points.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Once all opponents have been defeated, the player receives a useful item as a reward that can be used in the store.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In the Duel Colosseum, the player chooses the arena (degree of difficulty) and chooses from cards entering his opponent's hand, in addition to opponents there are also Object, Job and Status cards.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

By defeating opponents, the player receives medals for purchasing items in the cards.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In addition, when a player finishes, any remaining medals are converted into PP points.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

If a player loses a battle, the size of the hand decreases by one card, and after losing enough times, only the ending option remains.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In Quick Battle, the player gets to decide for themselves their opponent, opponent's level, behavior, and degree of difficulty.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

In addition, the player can decide the field and rules themselves (if the rules are purchased from the PP Catalog).


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Trivia The game was also intended to feature Final Fantasy XIII as protagonist Lightning, but was nevertheless omitted as it would have revealed the character's characteristics prior to the character's official appearance.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Square Enix has announced that Lightning will appear in the Dissidian sequel.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Sources On topic elsewhere at MobyGames Please use a more specific IMDb template.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

See the documentation for available templates.


Question: How many versions of the Final Fantasy series have been released?

Dissidia Final Fantasy

Category:Fighting games Category:PlayStation Portable Games Category:Final Fantasy Games Category:Video Games of 2009


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Launched in late 1914 in Finnish male student circles and led to the formation of Jääkäribattalion 27, the Jääkäribattalion 27 was an initiative of activists to obtain military training for the detachment of Finland from Russia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

After the First World War in 1914, Finland was initially cautious in the circles of the Kagal and old activists of the First Repressive Resistance Group.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

[1] In the men's matriculation circles, the ice movement emerged, which took as its goal the armed detachment of Finland from Russia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Overall, 1895 volunteers began the Jääkärike training 1915—1918.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Of them, 1261 (67%) participated in the Finnish Civil War.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Of those involved, 128 (10%) fell in the fighting and 238 (19%) were wounded.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

The Winter War involved 774 Icemen in all kinds of war duties in front and home forces, as well as civilian administrative duties in the army, of which 24 (3%) fell as well as 19 (2%) were wounded.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

The Mannerheim Cross was awarded to 20 former Jäägers.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Forty-nine icemen were promoted to the general corps.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

As the ice cap movement expanded, its social base widened, encompassing all folk layers.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Relative to the population, the largest number of icemen enlisted from Lake Kortes (the area today part of the city of Kauhava), who on this basis declared themselves to be a jockey.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Stages of the Ice Pass Movement The Central Committee of the Independence Movement considered it necessary to form a People's Army.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Military training could not be obtained in Finland, so it was sought abroad.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

In January 1915, Germany announced its readiness to train 200 Finns.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Partly by lettuce, nearly two hundred young men moved first to Sweden and from there on to Germany to be trained for the Pfadfinder course (this was an alias referring to the Scouting movement).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

[2] The Finns were trained at Lockstedt camp in Holstein.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

In the autumn of 1915, Germany decided to raise the strength of the Finnish contingent to 2000 men.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

A covert recruitment covering the whole country was initiated in Finland.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

The busiest recruitment activities were in Uusimaa, Ostrobothnia and Karelia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

The following spring, the corps was formed into the Royal Prussian Jääger Battalion 27 under Major Maximilian Bayer.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

[3] Russia received word of the ice cap movement in September 1915.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

Of the 19 caught, 13 were taken to Špalernaya prison in Saint Petersburg, where 60 other activists had also been imprisoned, including Vihtori Kosola, Artturi Leinonen, Esko Riekki, Aarne Sihvo and Kyösti Wilkuna.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

“Bar icers” was released after the February Revolution of 1917.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice Pitch Movement

The battalion took part in the fighting against Russia in the Baltics.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Jääkärs swore an oath to the legitimate government of Finland in the church of Liepāja.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In the autumn of 1917, 60 ice kaurs entered Finland.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Jääkärs had sought training for combat against Russia, but by the time of their return to Finland in early 1918 the situation had changed significantly.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In addition to the Russian forces, the opposing side had a working population of their own country organised as the Red Guard.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

For this reason, about one third of the ice hangers did not return to Finland.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

However, the main force of 950 men arrived in Vaasa on 25 February 1918 and moved mainly into the ranks of government forces.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

They considered this to be specifically the Finnish War of Independence, which would effectively determine whether the country would be “free” from Russian rule.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Not all of the ice keepers were as loyal to the regime as is widely believed.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Shortly after the Jääkäris' return to Finland for reasons related to the ice conflict, a group of Jakeers made an unsuccessful bomb attendant on General Mannerheim's staff train.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

After the war, the vast majority of icebrees returned to civilian life.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The majority were laborers, small farmers and operatives; one in five had completed the baccalaureate.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Some glaciers rose to the pinnacle of economic or cultural life.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Some went on to military careers.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

A few icemen migrated to Soviet Russia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The vast majority of ice ranchers participated in the Winter and Continuation War.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

A total of 49 Jäkär officers received the military rank of general, among them infantry generals Erik Heinrichs, Kaarlo Heiskanen, Taavetti Latakainen, Armas-Eino Martola, Aarne Sihvo, Alonzo Sundman, Paavo Talvela and Väinö Valve.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The influence of Jääkäres in the development of the Finnish Defence Forces was very large until the 1950s.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The last ice keeper, Jääkärikrikanal Väinö Valve died in 1995.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

According to Matti Lackman, a Doctor of Philosophy who studied the ice parcel movement, the ice keepers committed treason on the basis of a law in force in Russia at the time [4].


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The early 20th century activism, whose ideological heir, arose in response to the situation created together by the Russification measures and the acquiescence of some Finns, where Finland's self-governing status was threatened and the laws felt lost its relevance.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The abolition of their own Finnish military personnel and the threat of being forced to serve in Russian troop detachments on Russian soil strongly influenced moods.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[5] Activists felt that the prevailing illegal situation justified and obliged, if necessary, to respond to violence with violence.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

A programme of activism was put forward in 1903, and an active opposition party was formed the following year.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In the activities of these early activists, future forms of activity of the Ickeers and Activists were foreshadowed by arms supplies such as the voyage of the SS John Grafton, the emergence of patronage municipalities during the Grand Strike, and the 1906 creation of the paramilitary Force League.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Revolutionary peacefulness in Russia still suppressed these forms of activity within 1906.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[6] Another period of repression began to develop in late 1908 and brought behind the force of Russian law in June 1910 to last until the end of the Russian Empire until March 1917.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The idea of Finland's independence was considered pending in party activities by activists, among others, in the magazine Framtid—Anti-Issue until its abolition in 1910 ended the old period of activism.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[7] In the university's constituent municipalities, the idea of independence was fostered in various forms.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In speeches at the Conferment Celebration in May 1914, the idea of independence was widely expressed, though cautiously worded.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Many future prominent men appear in the conferment committee: Kai Donner, Väinö Kokko, Pehr Norrmén and Yrjö Ruuth (late.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Screen).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[8] Establishment Finland was placed in a state of war on 30 July 1914 [9]: Russian military leadership feared Germany would rise ashore and invade Finland.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Critical targets in different parts of Finland began to be fortified by the forces of Finns hired for the “movails” but under Russian leadership.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

These works caused labour shortages in areas such as agriculture.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

On November 17, an extensive Russification program was published, which definitively launched the action that led to the ice cap movement.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[10] The publication of the Russification programme broke the dams.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Already on the same day, several independent meetings were held outlining the forms and implementation of resistance.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

For example, it is reported that when Väinö Kokko, Yrjö Ruuth and Väinö Tiiri gave advice in Gardin's restaurant, students were gathered in the same place, among whom they came to a well-known trio to demand measures.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[11] Around the same time, some individual matriculates joined the Russian Army as volunteers to gain military training and war experience.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Later, a few such people who were “ahead of time” even deserted from the Russian army and went on to become an iceman.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

After the ice cap movement began, the equivalent no longer appeared.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The meeting of Ostrobotnia The organisation of the independence movement is considered to have started on 20 November 1914 with a meeting held at the House of Ostrobotnia in Ostrobotnia (the date is not unequivocal, as the protocol was not held for reasons of concealment).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The meeting consisted of about 20 participants from different municipalities as well as the Old Finnish Student Association Suomalainen Nuija.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Instead of an outright start, this meeting rather meant a gathering of several smaller groups together, a form of critical mass formation.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Among other things, the meeting said, in the words of Pehr Norrmén, that passive resistance has lost its relevance and must go down the path of state fraud, since the law had been rejected by the opposing party (the Russians) as well.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Finland had to be disconnected from Russia's connection.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

When discussing foreign aid, Väinö Kokko — curator of Osakunta in Northern Ostrobothnia — considered German help important, even the only possibility.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Members of the meeting declared themselves the Provisional Central Committee of the Activist Movement.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Contact had to be contacted both potential training organisers, as well as senior politicians and activists and socialist representatives.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[12] The idea of sending a negotiator to Stockholm to explore the possibilities of military training through the former German Consul in Helsinki, Albert Goldbeck-Löwe, was strengthened in late November 1914.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Walter Horn and Bertel Paulig were named negotiators because they knew the liaison with pre-existing conditions and their German language proficiency was excellent.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The trip was disguised as the maintenance of sports links with Swedish organisations (the Finnish side was covered by the Suomen Palloliitto).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[13] Germany was not the only option to be a supporter and training provider at this stage.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

At the turn of the year 1914—1915, several small groups from different municipalities travelled to reconnoitre the Swedish atmosphere.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Numerous public figures, both for the Church, the scientific community and the press, were the targets of the visits.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Swedish hosts showed interest in the situation in Finland and were convinced that in Finland the project also represented Finnish-speaking circles, but the answer to the actual question was obvious: no active support for Finland's independence would be forthcoming.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

While the possibilities of military training were recognised from abroad, self-made training was also organised at home: reading literature and improving fitness through skiing exercises, among other things.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Shooting exercises were held by those with guns and cartridges in use.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Preparation for sabotage activities was conducted by pioneer study under the guidance of engineering students.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Espionage activities for the Germans were also tried to organise.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[14] Training for armed insurrection from Germany Herman Gummerus, Walter Horn and Bertel Paulig had sent a report to the German War Ministry on 8 December 1914 describing moods in Finland as well as welcoming arms assistance and training of 150 volunteers from Germany.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The trained would be tasked with supporting the invasion of German troops into Finland while an uprising against Russia would break out in the country.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In his own right, the ground in Germany was shaped by Fritz Wetterhoff, a Finnish-born deputy judge who moved to Germany.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

As early as September, Wetterhoff had presented a plan for the invasion of Finland, which was quite similar to the one made by activists under the leadership of Gummerus.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Proper preparation of the resistance and support of German troops would be essential.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The matter of training Finnish volunteers proceeded to a conclusion at a meeting held at the premises of the German War Ministry on 26 January 1915, with representation not only from the Ministry of War but from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and two different staffs.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The main points of the decision were: Education would be given to 200 Finnish students with German skills who were “cultured, trustworthy and from good families”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The duration of training would initially be four weeks, but time could be extended.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The content would emphasize topics such as military spirit, marksmanship, command of small units, and extermination and guerrilla activities.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Mid-February 1915 was decided as the start date and the Lockstedter Lager camp site as the training site.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Pfadfinders — volunteers in the cover role of patrol leaders The call to begin sending volunteers reached Wetterhoff mediated by Herman Gummerus in Stockholm on February 1, 1915.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The information was transmitted to Finland in the form of a password, ostensibly dealing with Harald Öhquist's father staying in Germany: “The doctor hopes for a full recovery within two weeks.”


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

On 25 February [9] arrived in Lockstedt the first 55 to train for scout courses (Pfadfinderkursus).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Their trip had led first to Stockholm to report to Herman Gummerus.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The trips were explained as being related to studies, for example.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In Stockholm, many had their names changed, pruned unnecessary equipment and received German passports as well as travel money for the rest of the trip.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In Sweden, an advance was made via Malmö to Trelleborg, from where a ferry link took to Sassnitz in Germany.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

A train ride away, Berlin was up against Wetterhoff and his aides.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The last leg of the journey took first to Hamburg and on to Lockstedter Lager (now Hohenlockstedt).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Once there, the course was divided into two companies and participants were given covert scout outfits and the designation Feldmeister referring to the German patrol leader.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The impression was complemented by the fact that the head of the course, Major Maximilian Bayer, was also the leader of the German Boy Scout Movement (Jugendwehr).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Education of Pfadfinders The agreement on the education of pfadfinderite emphasized, among other things, familiarization with German culture and “military spirit”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Although the course time was only a few weeks, it was therefore envisaged, among other things, field trips.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Contemporaries” memoirs emphasise that the Finns longed for an authentic feel for German education, but “they soon found that their teaching did not follow the methods of German military education, but rather Boy Scout education”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The covert role therefore seemed to extend, along with external frameworks, to the content of education as well.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

At first, the hosts' extracts seemed to be trained even too gentlemanly, while the views of the course director and the actual trainers on training were still looking for their forms: “The Finns were treated with caution and gentle hands.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Against the will gestured as 'lords'.” The background was Major Bayer's view that resourceful Free Force leaders from the Finns could be obtained by scouting rather than military doctrines.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Bayer's values were also associated with the fact that at first it was forbidden to consume beer for Finns.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

It was soon discovered, however, that Major Bayer, with his emphasis, fell short of a minority over the actual trainer officers, Captains Bade, Heldt, Just and Knaths.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The number of students gradually increased, reaching a strength of about 180 in three weeks.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

However, some of the coursemen began to be out of strength with various deployments.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[15] Despite the Boy Scouting outfit, Finnish volunteers had possession since 28 February the main soldier's hallmark — a weapon: the Russian three-line rifle M/91, which the Germans had received in abundance as spoils of war.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

It was easy to justify this choice because the Finns would, in any case, in their eventual struggle for independence, come to rely on weapons taken from the Russians.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Pistols and hand grenades were among the equipment.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The course instead received the first heavier weapons—two Maxim machine guns—on hold until mid-April.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[16] After the first days of deprivation, training applied to Prussian military training, although the content was deviant, educated, voluntary “civilists” were trained.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

According to Lauerma's characterisation, pfadfinders received “somewhat simultaneously instruction belonging to a recruit, a cadet, a student officer at the War College, and a Particle Scout leader.”


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Efforts were made to create the capacity to lead the team, platoon and “evasively company”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Theory instruction sided subjects all the way up to regimental level.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[17] The content and scope of training changed as the length of the course was increased to a minimum.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In the original plan, the exclusion order, as well as tobacco services, became part of the programme.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In March, the first promotions to the rank of zug and gruppenführers (team and group leaders) had been obtained, foreshadowing the possibility that the course would be extended.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[18] In all, four different promises were made in April 1915 to extend courses; for example, on Day 2 it was reported that the course would last until 16 April and on 14 April an extension to May was announced.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Uncertainty racked minds: it was not known what the future of each would be itself after the course.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Initially, the four-week absence from the homeland had already stretched into months.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In July, proper military uniforms were obtained to replace the scout uniforms that were worn in tatters and had gone unsavoury: field greys for the German infantry.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The PfadFinder period had ended, and the coursemen were now musketeers.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The independence movement entered its next phase.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

From the initial form of the Ostrobotnian meeting, the organization of the movement also expanded and diversified.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The forces behind the independence of Finland and the Ice Participation movement can be considered A.K. (“Aktionskommittén”, “Action Committee” or “Active Committee”).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In it were represented the various parties, old and young activism, as well as officers of the old people who later organized themselves as M.K:si (“Militärkommittén”, “Military Committee”).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Ahti (1999) has characterized MK as a “comrade circle of former Hamina cadets”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[19] The active committee was supported by C.K.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

(“Centralkommittén”, “Central Committee”), which was a group formed by politicians of the older knee.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

It included, among others, state councils (Edvard Hjelt, Alexis Gripenberg), senators (Hugo Rautapää) and professors (Rafael Erich, Edward Westermarck).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The representation of the Swedish language group prevailed.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The fact that Old Finns (Iron Head and Samuli Sario) also joined showed a change in their attitudes.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

As of June 1917, the key practical player of the Active Committee was the Works Division.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Its activities, in turn, were disguised as a forestry enterprise.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The company, called Uusi Forest Office, was located in Helsinki at Yrjönkatu 25.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Ostensibly, the “office” bought and sold lumber and other forest supplies, as well as conveying workers to forestry sites.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

This could cloak the real tasks, the most significant of which was the initiation of patronage activities across the country.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The most central figure in the new Forest Office was Master Elmo E. Kaila.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

From 1916 onwards, the influential Finnish Independence Movement Foreign Mission was active in Stockholm.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Through it, connections with Sweden and Germany existed.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In the autumn of the following year the delegation was subjected to A.K


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

to which it received a liaison body facing the Germans.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In Germany, the affairs of the movement had been handled by Büro Wetterhoff, led by Fritz Wetterhoff.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

After Wetterhoff fell out of favour with the Germans, a new, more independent liaison body Das Finnländische Büro was established in November 1916, led by Samuli Sario.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

According to him and with the name model of the predecessor, the office was also called Büro Sario.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The price of independence was modesty: the archives and contacts in Wetterhoff's office were unavailable and money was lacking, too.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Socialist representation was lacking in these bodies.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Although cooperation with the burghers was refused, the idea of independence had to be supported.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

K. H. Wiik, Oskari Tokoi and Yrjö Mäkelin, among others, supported the ice cap movement.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The latter's son Leo Mäkelin joined the ranks of the Jäägers on 14 February 1916.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The complex organisation of the Finnish “liberation movement” is summarized by Ahti (1999) as follows: “CoR, New Forest Office and MK operated in Finland.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Stockholm had a Foreign Mission and a Staff under Nikolai Mexmontan Military Committee, in Berlin the office of Samuli Sario, and finally in Liepāja the Jääkäri Battalion and its representatives.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

“[20] For Finland's independence, the Russian Revolution was a lucky event, but so was Germany's defeat in World War I.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

According to Professor Matti Lackman, Germany did not care about Finland's freedom, but supported the icemen for the same reason as the Bolsheviks: the goal was to weaken Germany's enemy Russia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Germany also did not allow icebrees into Finland until it deemed necessary.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The Jaegers didn't have much chance to make a difference in this matter.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In addition, Germany planned to make Finland its own vassal state.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[21] Large enlistment — from scout course to Lockstedt training force When the expansion of the pfadfinder force into a battalion was approved by an order signed by Emperor William II on 28 August 1915, recruitment was increased over the original force multiple.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

“Great enlistment” came to last from September 1915 to May 1916.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The strength of the battalion — four rifle companies, a machine gun company and a pioneer company — required 1439 men by standard strengths.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Excluding from this pfadfinders, as well as German officers and underpavers, the net need was about 1200 men.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

However, Major Bayer, commander of the battalion — at this point Ausbildungstruppe Lockstedt — put forward enough up to 2000 men possibly thinking that the Finns would not be turned back, but the unit would be expanded or new ones would be created depending on the situation.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Central to the organisation of recruitment activities was the student community activities and, to a lesser extent, other communities of male students.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The link between the active committee and the student union was Master Kai Donner.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Student Actives recruited their fellow students and made trips to the provinces to acquire recrytes and to support and initiate local recruitment.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In order to gain a wide and diverse pool of participants and supporters, recruiters were sought to acquire recruiters from different social groups.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

In Lauerman's words, “Among the recruits were laborers, foremen and craftsmen, farmers, teachers, chaplains and lockers, even some police officer.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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“[22] Local recruits were easiest to find in Ostrobothnia and Karelia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Student recruits from Helsinki had to be sent elsewhere and ice runners from Germany had to be sent.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Well-known recruiter icers include Aarne Sihvo and Sulo-Weikko Pekkola.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

An example of recruitment Iivari Kauranen has told of his own recruitment as follows: Several descriptive elements appear in the description: recruitment has started a few months earlier and you expand beyond academic circles the recruiter and recruit feel in some way each other, so the trust can be judged by the recruiter is in a mobile profession, which involves a lot of social interaction with the motives of the company and the requirements for recruitals are brought to light The fact that the color color knew the ice movement well can perhaps be considered exceptional; background information could often be weak and descriptions of the purpose of the trip vague.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The open-mindedness in the report, on the other hand, indicates that perhaps we are unwary, those present are known and later to be in the region of the ice cap movement in southern Ostrobothnia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Here, “recruitment evenings” or “departure dances” might even be held openly.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Typical recrytes at that point were no longer linguistic, experienced travellers who would drop by abroad in their studies: Kauranen says in the section after the quote that the trip from Jyväskylä to the Volt in Ala-Härmä was his first train journey.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Kem's pitch has been revealed (20 January 1916) or just about to be revealed and undergoing detours.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

After various stages and expectations, the border crossing takes place from Tornio skiing under the guidance of a local guide.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

From Haparanda, the journey continues under the direction of an ice borer operating in “Halkontori”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

We travel through Sweden with a staple of paper clearing the onward connection.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The remainder of the route is conventional: Malmö—Trelleborg—Sassnitz.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Oats and four other recrytes are on duty at Lockstedter Lager on 28 January 1916 to become part of the Lockstedt Training Force named after the training site.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[23] Ausbildungstruppe Lockstedt Main article: Lockstedt's training force Lockstedt training corps was officially established on 2 September 1915.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Initially only the original pfadfinders were available, now numbering 143.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Of them, 6 team leaders (Zugführer), 30 team leaders (Gruppenführer) and also 30 group vice-leaders (Hilfsgruppenführer) were promoted.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Around mid-September, Ausbildungstruppe Lockstedt received his first new recruits, initially mainly from the Finns interned in prison camps while recruitment in Finland just started.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The entry of men into the corps division accelerated as the autumn and early winter wore on so that a third company could be formed in November and in late December a 4th company could be formed.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

By early 1916 the strength was 881 men and the 1,000th recryte entered service with 13.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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on Jan.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[24] Etapit Just under 200 of the first German pfadfinder providers were taken to Stockholm and forward, for example, under the guise of field trips.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

A different type of organization had to be designed for the recruitment and transport of the Lockstedt Training Force crew.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Legal crossing of the border became difficult as early as autumn 1915 wore on and in February 1916 it closed completely to “jaeger-aged” men aged 19—35 when passports were no longer issued.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

On the Finnish and Swedish side, a total of 52 points are shown in the map of the road road drawn up afterwards, some of them depicting an individual house, part of an entire locality.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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On the walls of the preserved staple houses are plaques telling of this.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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One of the most famous houses was the Halla house in Hyrynsalmi Hallavaara, home to Juho Alfred Heikkinen, Halla's old man and his wife Lic.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Halle's advance was led by Friedel Jacobson.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Haparanan—Tornio area constituted a major international hub in the context of World War I.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Icefer Pin brought its own addition to a place that was pre-existing important for the practice of “espionage, secret politics, Russian revolutionary activities, refugees, smuggling [and] prostitution”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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[25] In this concoction, an icer pin operated under the alias of “Halo Contor” boiled as one coincidence.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Tornio etapi had been established by Eero Heickell (Kuussaari) as early as 1915 to support the crossing of the pfadfinder coursemen.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Haaparanda Etapi Centre was created as a further deployment of the information and reconnaissance mission headed there by pfadfinders Heikki Kekon and W. E. Tuompo, when the Lockstedt training force had been assured and the etapi would thus be used.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Kemi Etapi was established on 3 September 1915, when Heickell negotiated the matter with Konstu Pietilä and Arvi Hällfors, among others.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Kemi was located in Osula, owned by Juho Heiskanen.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

On 6 January 1916, Etappi was subjected to a whistleblowing and was cut off by sending the telegram “Patient does not arrive” to Helsinki.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Despite this, Osula's host Juho Heiskanen was arrested.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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He became the first Shpalernite, or activist cooped up in St. Petersburg's Špalernaya prison.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Later, they would be called bar icers.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[26] In urban conditions, the headway could be set up in connection with a suitable business undertaking.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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For example, in Oulu there was an operating point in Högsten's gentlemen's clothing shop operated by the branch manager Amatus Johansson.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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In the same city, Iikka Castrén serviced and accommodated the Valio premises moving in the name of the ice warehouse.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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[27] Yrjö Mäkelin and Hannes Uksila, a local workers' newspaper, gathered the recruits to the magazine's editorial staff, from which they were directed to Jaakko Kemppainen's clothing shop and from there either across the ice or through Tornio to Sweden.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Etapways led across the border from the north, starting at Muonio, Kangasjärvi, Pello, Tengeliö, Palovaara, Karung, Tornio and Haparanna.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The sea cucumber was carried by etapes beginning at Jepua and Volt, with a meeting point on the island of Holmö.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Measured by the number of passes, the main crossing points were the routes to Kemin-Haaparta and Tornio.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

After the Kemi Etapi was revealed and Kvarku was in uniform ice, the importance of the route from Southern Ostrobothnia to Umeå became great.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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[28] Initially, efforts were made to isolate advancing activities from recruitment, but later these activities inevitably became mixed, although this increased security risk.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Lackman cites as an example how, along the road route in Seittenkar in northern Sweden, at least 20 men were recruited to Germany from Finnish forestry workers who worked there.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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[29] Jääger Battalion as 27th to the Front Main article: Jääger Battalion 27 Towards the end of 1915, Major Bayer estimated that training of Ausbildungstruppe Lockstedt men would be appropriately supplemented by front experience.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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He brought it up with the Finnish leaders of the movement — Adolf von Bonsdorff, Rafael Erich and Samuli Sario — when they were visiting Lockstedter Lager.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Consent to the matter was obtained in March 1916 and the mobilization order was issued on 3 May 1916.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Estimated to be front-worthy, the part of the training force was designated as Royal Icefer Battalion 27 (Königlich Preussisches Jägerbataillon Nr.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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[9] The supplement still remaining in training received the old name of the training set Ausbildungstruppe Lockstedt.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Bahrenfeld's Penalty Division Discontent and biting manifested among the icebirds, both because of the outright circumstances and the lack of awareness.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Many of those who arrived from Finland at the time of the “great enlistment” did not have a clear idea of the situation to be expected (when recruits did not have it either).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Although the Jääkäribattalion on the one hand was a Finnish company and a community, on the other hand it was only one unit under German military discipline.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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So the indiscipline was eradicated with great grips.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The first perpetrators of more serious retreats were sent to court-martial and from there to prison camps.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

A special penal division was established at Zerksten Manor ten kilometres from the front line in the autumn of 1916.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The division was commanded by Sergeant Major Höfelmeyer.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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In addition to forced training, leaving food, planting in a dark brig and keeping in freezing temperatures were used as disciplinary methods.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

However, the “jermut” taken to Zerksten were not discouraged and the department did not achieve its purpose: those commanded to the penal division did not “return to order”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[30] A special penal company, the Altona-Bahrenfeld Working Command, was formed for the battalion in November 1916, operating in an artillery depot near Hamburg.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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A total of 216 men ended up in this department, the “bahrenfeltters”, according to Lackman (224 men in Lauerman 1966 calculations).


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The service was heavy and it was greatly hampered by the fact that the superiors of the penitentiaries spoke German alone.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Nutrition, on the other hand, was scarce and one-sided.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Information about the unfortunate conditions of the “Bahrenfelttars” carried information to the battalion, which contributed to increased discontent in the main forces.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

However, the situation of the Penal Company was not corrected until Zugführer Aarne Sihvo, later Commander of the Defence Forces, who had been released from Špalernaya prison by the revolution, visited Bahrenfeld.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Sihvo stated that the penal company would cause a distortion in the external image of the Jäägers when their return to Finland would become timely.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Compared to his firsthand, fresh prison experiences, he may have understood the plight of the Bahrenfeltters.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Only five Bahrenfelttars returned from the Penal Company to the Battalion, of the remainder those employed were stationed in predominantly civilian industrial facilities.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The Bahrenfelttars could not return to Finland until after the end of the 1918 war, the main part in the autumn of 1918.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Those left behind lived in miserable conditions in Germany; some had left the country on their own help and everyone's fate never became clear.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[31] Disclosure of the ice cap movement to the authorities When large-scale recruitment had begun in September 1915, the matter of the ice cap movement was no longer known only to small circles and its disclosure in some form would only be a matter of time.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

A report dated 28 September to Governor-General Seyn shows the Russians already know the core of the operation of the ice cap movement: in Finland “there is a strong sedition to bring Finnish youth, especially matriculates, to German officer schools where they would be prepared as leaders of the rebellion to Finland”.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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[32] The revelation of the ice cap movement lacks neither tragicomic nor profoundly tragic features: the vice-consul in Haparanda, Russia, received a questionnaire about travel money to Germany.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The information about the money was correct, but the address was wrong: in Haaparanda the correct place would have been “Halkonttori” instead of the consular office.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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[32] On 23 December 1915 pfadfinder Edvard Bruhn was captured in Tornio.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Bruhn had managed one of the recruiting bodies of the Ice Borough Movement, the so-called. Liisankatu office in Helsinki.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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After being caught, Bruhn, aged just 21, revealed his knowledge during questioning.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

Even before he was caught, Bruhn had attracted attention with his “frivolous” lifestyle, resulting in suspected notes relating to recruitment and etapes, among other things, to have fallen into the wrong hands.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

He was due to be delivered out of the country for security reasons, but the travelling party was subjected to shadowing and a fatal inspection at Tornio station.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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After his release in connection with the revolution, Bruhn fought in both the Finnish and Estonian Revolutionary Wars, and fell in 1919 in Estonia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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[33] In 1916—1917, the authority investigation into the ice cap movement was led by a Russian investigating judge, Nikolai Mashkevich.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Trials of imprisoned ice colours began in December 1916 and the main evidence was the information and confessions gathered by Mashkevich.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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The process was interrupted as a result of the February Revolution of 1917, when a mob released those imprisoned and destroyed most of the documents.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[34] According to Red Jääkärit Lackman, at the time of the negotiations for the replenishment of the peace of Brest-Litovsk in August 1918 in Berlin, a group of Icekeers who remained there submitted a letter to be forwarded to the founding meeting of the SKP stating their willingness to cooperate.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

However, the letter did not arouse any interest, as in SKP the ice keepers were considered bays, even though some of them were proletariat, such as laborers and sailors.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

A group of Berlin Red Icicers were repatriated later in the autumn, and some of them teamed up to co-organize an organisation with the Reds.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The project was clotted when a few were arrested by the secret police, or General Staff Section III.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

[35] A brief history of the ice pot movement on 17 November 1914 in the press of the Grand Principality of Finland publishes the so-called Great Russification Programme.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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On November 20, 1914, the Jäkäri movement gets its start when a group of student activists gather at the Ostrobotnia House in Helsinki.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The Russification program is seen as a major threat that would virtually end the self-rule of the Grand Principality of Finland and Finland would have become just one of the provinces of the Russian Empire among others.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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It is decided to acquire both weapons and training abroad in order to separate Finland from Russia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

On February 25, 1915 The first group of volunteer ice keepers arrives in Germany at Lockstedt camp to be trained.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

On 26 August 1915, Finnish ice keepers are set up in Germany with their own troop division.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

The number of recruits is greatly increased.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

On 9 May 1915, the Finnish Jääkär Battalion in Germany becomes Royal Prussian Jääkär Battalion 27.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice warp movement

On 31 May 1916, the Finns leave for Latvia for the Eastern Front.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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27 October 1917 The first forward command force and guns leaves Germany for Finland.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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5 February 1918 A decision is made that the ice keepers return to Finland.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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On 13 February 1918, the Jääkär Battalion is disbanded.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Military Oath and Flag Inauguration Ceremony in Libau (Liepāja), Latvia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On 25 February 1918, the main force of Jääkärie arrives in a convoy led by icebreaker Sampo, at Vaskiluoto port.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

[36] On 30 July 1914, Russia initiates a mobilisation to support Serbia, on which Austria-Hungary declared war, was briefly linked to the Icebar movement.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On August 1, 1914, Germany declares war on Russia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

War also breaks out between Germany and France.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On March 15, 1917, Tsar Nicholas II relinquishes power.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

November 7, 1917 October Revolution in Russia.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On December 6, 1917, the Finnish Parliament approves the Declaration of Independence.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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First Independence Day.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On December 15, 1917, Germany and the new state Soviet Union agreed to an armistice.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On 27 January 1918, Finland is mired in civil war.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On February 18, 1918, the German-Russian armistice is broken because there is no agreement on the peace treaty.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On March 3, 1918, Soviet Russia and Germany with their allied states agreed on the Peace of Brest-Litovsk.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

World War I on the Eastern Front comes to an end.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

On May 15, 1918, the Finnish Civil War ends.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

[36] See also List of ice keepers Jääkäri Jääkärietappi Finnish Jääkärimuseo Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ahti, Martti| title = Ryssänvihassa: Elmo Kaila 1888—1935: Activist, Armed Forces Grey Eminence and Academic Karelia Society biography| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-0-22043-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Enckell, Olof| title = Jäkärien story| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2005| version = (Jägarnas history, 1943.)


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

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Translated by Emerik Olsoni.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

1st edition 1956| id = ISBN 951-1-20826-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lackman, Matti| title = For Finland or Germany?


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Unknown history of Jääkäri: The genesis, nature, mood swings and internal crises and their reflections on the next years of independent Finland | location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-1-16158-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lauerma, Matti (ed.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Markku Onttonen and Hilkka Vitikka) | title = Jääkärien tie| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1984| id = ISBN 951-0-12588-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lauerma, Matti| title = Royal Prussian Jaeger Battalion 27: Stages and effect| location = Helsinki | publisher = WSOY| year = 1966}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Olin, K.-G.| title = Gunship John Grafton| location = Canvas| publisher = ASE-magazine Oy| year= 1994| id = ISBN 952-90-5260-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Onttonen, Markku (ed.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

) | title = Jääkärikirja| location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought Books| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-20-6232-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Suomen, Jaakko — Sundvall, Johannes — Olsoni, Emerik — Jaatinen, Arno (ed.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

) | title = Finnish Jäkärit: Activities in words and pictures I to I| publisher = Kuopio: Joint Stock Company War images| year = 1933| version = 2nd edition}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wegelius, K. A.| title = Frost and iron I: Tornion front| location = Porvoo| publisher = Wererner Söderströrit M Limited Liability Company| year = 1926}} References Literature Into Auer: Kalterijäkärit III, WSOY 1935.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Erik Heinrichs: From the extreme of the Baltic Sea: Photos and observations from the Jäkär excursions, Krohn, Helmi) Otava 1918.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jarkko Kemppi| title = For the Motherland: History of the Ice Markets and Ice Sheets | location = Helsinki| publisher = Minerva| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-492-524-2}} Sulo-Weikko Pekkola: Gummerus Sweet Veikko Pekkola: Bullied by the people, WSOY 1928.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Sulo-Weikko Pekkola: Kalteriicekärit I—II, WSOY 1931.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Sulo-Weikko Pekkola: Petsamoa in the lineage, WSOY 1930.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Aarne Sihvo: My Memoirs I—II, Otava 1954, 1956.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

A. Aijal Uppala: K. A. Wegelius: Personal photo — life's work 1964—1939, Otava 1968.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Anni Wallenius: Born in the Sun: Memoirs of Youth, WSOY 1978.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pentti Airio| title= Walter Horn — First Jaeger and Cold War Northern Activist | publisher = Docendo| year = 2013| id = ISBN 978-952-5912-98-2}} On the topic elsewhere Yle Live Archives.


Question: Where was the Finnish ice cap movement started?

Ice cap movement

* Category:Finnish Defence Forces Category:Key articles of screening