Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

In developing countries, the average share of the national economy is larger than industrialised countries.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

In Somalia, where most of the country's grip on state government is nonexistent and power rests with clan rulers at the local level, practically the entire national economy runs on the grey economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

Piracy has become an important part of the region's economy. [10].


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

According to the US-based FAS, about half of Russia's economy was linked in one way or another to organised crime at the end of the 1990s.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

[11] The effects of the gray economy is detrimental to the state economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The state loses tax revenue.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

Legally operating companies are, in principle, at a disadvantage in trying to compete with those in the grey economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

Working conditions or remuneration of official workers may suffer due to the lower price of labour input for workers in the grey economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The activity is beneficial to those involved in it.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

After failing to pay his taxes and legal fees, the entrepreneur will be left with more money on his hand and will at the same time be able to sell his product at a more competitive price.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The employee benefits from the amount of unpaid income tax.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The consumer benefits when they get a product or service at a lower cost.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The grey economy poses certain risks to those involved in it.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The entrepreneur and employee are threatened with criminal charges if the matter is revealed.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

Employees work without employment conditions or insurance and do not accrue a statutory pension.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The consumer has no statutory consumer protection, and there is no guarantee for the work or service other than the asset the seller gives it.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The grey economy often involves other criminal activity as well.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

It could be, for example, money laundering and exploiting tax havens.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

On the other hand, it can be neglect of labor protections or abuse of social security, such as raising unemployment benefit, for example, when actually working is being done.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

Finland The fight against the black economy and economic crime involves several authorities in Finland, which have a lot of observations and information on the subject within their statutory tasks.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The website, run with cooperation from the authorities, brings together public materials related to combating the black economy and financial crime.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The site is intended for the general public, policymakers and authorities as well as scientists.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The website provides current information on the phenomena of the black economy and economic crime, their extent and how to combat them.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

In addition, the site gives businesses and citizens information on how to do the right thing and protect themselves from the harm caused by the black economy and financial crime.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

Current phenomena are described by combining observations from several different authorities.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The aim is to show that the fight against the black economy and economic crime belongs to everyone: authorities, businesses and citizens.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The site also serves as a support for decision-making by authorities and policymakers.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

Information can be found in new phenomena such as platform economics and virtual currencies, but also in more traditional forms of the grey economy, such as dark work and corruption.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The website implementation project is part of the operational programme of the National Black Economy and Economic Crime Combating Strategy for 2016-2020.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

[12] The content is provided by an editorial board consisting of key authorities and ministries involved in combating the black economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Ministry of Transport and Communications, Tax Administration, Police, Customs, Regency Office, Bankruptcy Attorney Office, Regional Administrative Office, Finnish Pension Security Centre, Unemployment Insurance Fund, Accident Insurance Centre, Competition and Consumer Agency, Valvira, Evira, ELY, Trafi and the Prosecutor General's Office.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

[13] The Grey Economy Settlement Unit (HTSY) was established in 2011 in the Tax Administration, which continues the activities of Virke, a project for the development of public authority cooperation.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The Gray Economy Settlement Unit (21.12.2010/1207) shall act according to which the task of the unit is defined as (1) to promote the fight against the black economy by producing and sharing information on the grey economy and the fight against it; and (2) to prepare obligations management reports for the Authority on organisations and from organisational persons to the uses laid down in Section 6.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

[14] The Act guarantees uniquely broad access rights to information.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

For example, surveys may collect and combine confidential government information, classify clients or customer groups.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

In addition, the clearing unit draws up public reports on phenomena describing the phenomena of the black economy and the fight against the black economy and the impact of these at general level.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The entity is therefore a service organisation which, within its rights of access to information, provides services to other authorities in support of measures.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

In this way, measures to combat the black economy and economic crime are targeted on a risk-based basis to specific target groups, and there is no need to disturb businesses or citizens who are doing the right thing to do.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

Estimates of costs Since the turn of the millennium, the black economy and economic crime have become an integral part of the activities of organised crime in Finland.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

The corporate activities of criminal groups involve concealment of income, salaries paid undeclared, receipt trading and order fraud.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

[15] In 2006 there were a total of 429 convictions for tax fraud, eight of them absolute prison sentences [16].


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

According to Virke's report by the Authority Cooperation Development Project, the grey economy of construction increased throughout 2007, and the Finnish state lost EUR 300 million in tax revenue purely due to undeclared work.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

One in ten builders worked darkly, which meant a total of more than 15,000 man-years in 2007.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

[17] Economic crime and the grey economy are constantly expanding and transforming forms of crime.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Grey economy

In Finland, hidden and cover crime has been revealed in several different industries.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

In relation to construction and restaurant activities, the undercontracting and receipt trading of companies in the sector and exploitation of foreign workers and companies they use have been typical modes of the black economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Clear indications of professional financial crime have also been obtained from abuses related to timber trade, forestry farm trade, foreign trade, drug trafficking, charity collecting, telemarketing, science and research activities, securities trading, and information technology crime.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Crimes related to securities markets and computer environments are new crime categories employing financial crime investigators that were previously not under investigation at all.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The extent of the phenomenon is assessed, for example, in a study commissioned by the Parliament's Audit Committee on 16 June 2010, which is Finland's most extensive study of the grey economy to date.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The study deals with the phenomena of the grey economy from the perspective of investment activities, international trade in goods and the domestic grey economy, namely the construction industry and the accommodation and nutrition industry, as well as the transport industry.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

According to estimates in the study, the shadow economy would amount to between €10 billion and €14 billion by a calculation method based on tax audits in 2008, equivalent to between 5.5 and 7.5 per cent of gross domestic product.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

In terms of fiscal damage, this translates into annual losses of between 4 and 6 billion euros in taxes and fees.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Pairing, often associated with prostitution as an integral part, constitutes criminal activity under Finnish law and is the subject of financial criminal investigations.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[18] But independent prostitutes do not have legal trader status in Finland, even though tax and accounting obligations apply to income from prostitution in the same way as other earned income.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[19] [20] In practice, most prostitution falls within the black economy, since, for example, according to Anna Kontula's report by MP and researcher Anna Kontula, only some of the most professional prostitutes report their income to the tax authorities [19], and the majority leave both earned income taxes and VAT and non-payment of statutory pension and social security contributions.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Statistics Finland has also identified the growth in consumption of sexual services as being in the black economy, and a written question has been tabled in Parliament, to which the Government acknowledged the extent of the problem.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[21] [22] If the income is undeclared, prostitutes could also receive labour market or income support and other social benefits from society.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The grey economy is being tackled in Finland precisely through financial crime investigations, and thus tax and accounting offences related to the practice of prostitution are also covered.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[23] In Finland, pre-investigation and prevention of financial crimes are carried out by the national Central Criminal Police, regional economic crime investigation units and financial crime investigation units and teams of certain engagement police departments or an individual financial criminal investigator of the police department.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The competence of the Customs Service in preliminary investigations is limited to customs offences under the Customs Act, some of which are economic offences [9].


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Tax audits fight against financial crime Tax audits are tasked with keeping the tax system credible and safeguarding the accumulation of tax revenue.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

In 2010, 3552 tax audits were completed in the Tax Administration.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Overall, 719 of the audits identified a grey economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[24] Construction Subscriber Liability Act 2007 requires the subscriber to works and temporary labour to ensure that subcontractors have paid their taxes and their employees' pension contributions.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

According to Helsingin Sanomat, the law has failed to end the gray economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The construction union estimates that there are 20,000 undeclared workers in the sector and an estimated loss of more than 300 million euros per year in taxes.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[25] According to the Home Office, half of financial crime police officers investigate receipt trades in the construction industry: in April 2008, for example, 146 investigators acted in 142 cases.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The suspects included 653 people and 481 construction companies.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[26] Organised crime leagues engage in receipt trading and pay wages darkly to their employees.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Tax control on construction sites is handled by just under 20 inspectors throughout the country, and for them, too, access to tax information can be problematic.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The Treasury Department has floated the idea of a so-called reverse VAT, which it would hope would reduce the grey economy.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[16] [25] From September 2012, every person working on a new construction site must have a visible identification number and tax number and the tax numbers of all persons working on construction sites will be recorded in the public register that opens in August.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The new practice aims to combat the grey economy that is rampant in the construction industry.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[27] To facilitate compliance with the Subscriber Liability Act, an online service has been developed.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The service development partner is Construction Industry RT ry.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The owners of the company are Rakennan Luato RALA ry and the Electricity and Telecommunication Contractors Union STUL ry, who own the company together with Aspida Oy, the developer of the Tilaajavasta.fi service.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Reverse VAT In the reverse VAT system, VAT is paid to the government by the buyer and not the seller.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Even in long chains of services, VAT would only be paid once and would be paid by the first buyer.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The system is in place in Sweden, Germany, Holland and Austria.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[28] Opinions on reverse VAT are contradictory.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Prosecutors handling financial crime cases in the Helsinki Prosecutor's Office have appealed in early 2008 for the introduction of the system.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[26] For his part, Minister of Finance Jyrki Katainen wishes to look forward to the Swedish State's experience in the change of tax system.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[29] In 2006, a working group appointed by the Tax Board investigated the operation of the reverse VAT system.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The working group failed to agree on the impact of the scheme.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

While the majority of the group thinks the tax accumulation would increase by around 130 million euros, the minority said tax revenues could even decrease as the potential for tax evasion increases.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

[29] Accommodation and hospitality industry Helsingin Sanomat tested [30] in 2011 the customer service of pitseri restaurants in Helsinki to manage their customers' payment for providing their services to them.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

There were plenty of indications of tax evasion in small food restaurants.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Approximately one in three of the fifteen restaurants tested, when asked for a receipt, problems arose: the cash register door may have been left open for the duration of the purchase transaction; in some places, receiving the receipt required a long keystroke or may even require its current truncation to complete the purchase transaction.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

The cash register could possibly even have been manipulated, so getting a receipt did not guarantee the integrity of the place.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

VAT on food is 13 per cent in Finland, but receipts issued by restaurants showed up to four different VAT rates: 12, 13, 18 and 22 per cent.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

They estimate that the black economy accounts for 8 to 10 percent of the lodging and hospitality industry's revenue.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

That amounts to around 500 million euros.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Experts called for controls to be directed towards risk firms and improved information flow between authorities.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

A cash register in use in Sweden, certified and equipped with a black box and a legally regulated receipt obligation would also be helpful.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Developing countries In developing countries, the gray economy often accounts for a large part of economic activity.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Business legislation and control over it are smaller in these countries than in industrialized countries.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Therefore, in the case of developing countries, there is talk of an informal economy (), which refers to economic activity outside the control of government.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

It is estimated that in Asia, Africa and Latin America, more than half of non-agricultural employment would be informal.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

In agriculture, the informal economy is even more common.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Because the activity is outside the control of the regime, it is difficult to obtain reliable information about its prevalence.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

See also Tax Hell Tax evasion Illegal migration Piracy Corporate hospice Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saviano, Roberto| title = Gomorrah: mafia kingdom| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2007| isbn = 978-951-0-33186-6}} References Elsewhere Referenced 1.4.2011.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Referenced as of May 2, 2012.


Question: How does the gray economy perform in the construction industry?

Gray economy

Force 5/2014 Category:Financial Crime Category:Taxation Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

Sonic Team is the game developer division of Sega, founded in 1988 under the name SEGA AM8.


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

In 1991, the group changed its name to its current form with the immense popularity of Sonic the Hedgehog.


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

Sonic Team is led by video game designer and producer Yuji Naka.


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

Sonic's creator, Naoto Ōshima, left Sonic Team to set up his own Artoon game studio.


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

Sonic Team also worked on a TV series based on the Sonic character.


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

In 2003, United Game Artists (formerly SEGA AM9) was merged into Sonic Team.


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

Sonic Team is now based in San Francisco.


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

Games Phantasy Star Sonic the Hedgehog Sonic the Hedgehog 2 Sonic the Hedgehog 3 Sonic & Knuckles Nights into Dreams... Christmas NIGHTS Burning Rangers ChuChu Rocket!


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

Sonic Adventure/Sonic Adventure DX: Director's Cut Sonic Adventure 2: Battle Sonic Heroes Samba de Amigo Phantasy Star Online Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg Project Rub Nights: Journey into Dreams Sonic Riders Sonic Riders: Zero Gravity Sega Superstars Sonic Unleashed Sonic Free Riders Sonic Colours Sonic the Hedgehog 4 Sonic Advance Series Sonic Advance 2 Sonic Advance 3 Sonic Battle Sonic Pinball Party Sonic Rush Series Sonic Rush Adventure Sonic Generations Sonic Lost World Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric and Shattered Crystal (assisted) On the subject elsewhere (in Japanese) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

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Question: Who illustrated the Sonic Adventure 2 game?

Sonic Team

Category:Japanese video game companies Category:Sega


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The blackbird (Turdus merula) is a species of bird in the dreadlocks family.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Distinctive features Blackbird is 23.5—29 cm long.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

In the male, the plumage suit is entirely black and has a yellow beak and eye-ring.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The female is dark brown in color.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The throat is paler and there is an indistinct spot on the chest.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Young specimens resemble an old female, but have blotches on the upper side as well.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[1] The blackbird is a loud bird and has a wide range of sounds.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Summoning sounds in a migratory flight include a rolling “srrri” and a deep “kok”.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Worried, the blackbird emits a very thin “tsiiih” sound and a loud tasting “tsuk-uk-uk-...”.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The warning sound is long continuous, forging and bright “pli-pli-pli”.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The song is beautiful melodic rasping with flute-like sounds.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The song has a calm pace and sliding pitch variations (,).


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The stanzas are quite short and recur every 3—5 seconds.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The verse of some individuals may be more wistful and sound like a chord song.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[1] Blackbird can learn to mimic, among other things, the sound of an ambulance siren, the howling of a car's burglar alarm, cellphone ringtones, chainsaw and whisking.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

According to bird expert Steven Dudley, blackbird only rarely engages in mimicry, unlike starlings and other dreadlocks.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[2] The singing skill of the blackbird is not an inherited attribute; the young blackbird learns his songs mainly from his fellow species.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[3] The prevalence of blackbird is found in almost all of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and South and Southeast Asia.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

It has also been planted in Australia and New Zealand.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Europe has between 40 million and 82 million nesting pairs, or 120 to 246 million individuals.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The European stock makes up 50-74% of the global stock, so a very cautious estimate of the global stock is between 162 million and 492 million individuals.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[4] In Finland, blackbird was a southern species at the beginning of the 20th century, but has since spread north.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Today, the species nests regularly in the southern parts of Lapland as far as.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

In Finland, black pigs are partial movers and the stock variations between the years are large.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

In the 1950s, Finnish blackbird scans were estimated at around 17000 pairs.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

By the 1970s, the stock had grown to an estimated 300,000 pairs.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Harsh winters in the late 1980s dropped the stock to 130,000 pairs, but by the late 1990s the stock had grown to an estimated 250,000 pairs.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Today, the Finnish blackbird scan is estimated at 400000 to 600000 pairs.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The exact cause of the abundance is not known, but the abundance of winter feeding and the milding of winters have favoured the species.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[5] Habitat Blackbird nests in lush forests, but also in the vicinity of humans in parks and yards.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[5] As the stock has grown, blackbird has also moved from the lush forests to pine-dominated forests.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[6] Reproduction The blackbird makes its nest built of corsi, moss and leaves in the ground, rhizome, at the base of a tree or shrub, in a stack or a pile of scrubs.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The female lays 3—6 blue-green, brown-spotted eggs, which it incubates for 11—14 days.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

The chicks remain in the nest for about 14 days while the mothers feed them.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

After nesting time, the mothers feed them for another 2—3 weeks.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[6] Nutrition Blackbird uses worms, gastropods, insects, food scraps, seeds, berries and fruits to feed on.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

[6] Photos Male Female Nest with eggs Nest with chicks Sources On topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Why is a person freaked out by loud noises?

Blackbird

Category:Dreadlocks Category:Finnish Provincial Birds Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

The aquatic pigtail (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a small species of mammal found in south-eastern Australia and Tasmania.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

[1] Along with the four species of beaked hedgehogs, the aquatic pigtail is one of five species of beaked mammals that do not give birth to live chicks but lay eggs.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Like other beaked animals, the aquatic pigtail also has an electric sense.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Described as duck-beaked and beaver-tailed in appearance [2] [3], the mammal has puzzled European zoologists, many of whom at first encounter thought it was a well-planned hoax.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

It is one of the few venomous mammals: the aquatic pigtail male has a spur on its hind leg which spreads a poison that causes severe pain to humans.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Due to its unique characteristics, the aquatic pigtail is an important site of research in evolutionary biology and an easily recognisable symbol of Australia.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

It has been used as the mascot for several national events and is depicted on the reverse of the Australian 20 cent coin.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

The aquatic pigtail was hunted for its fur right up until the early 20th century, but now the species is protected throughout its range of occurrence.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Although reproductive projects in captivity have yielded only limited results and the aquatic pigtail is vulnerable to sanctions from contamination, the species is not in immediate danger.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

However, global warming may threaten its habitat in the future.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

[4] Discovery and name of the species When Europeans first discovered the aquatic pigtail animal in 1798, John Hunter, the second Governor of New South Wales, sent its fur coat and drawing of the animal to England.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

[5] British scientists were first certain that it was a hoax.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

[6] George Shaw, the author of the first description of the animal for the Naturalist's Miscellany of 1799, stated that doubts about its authenticity are bound to be expressed.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Robert Knox speculated the water-nosed animal was the creation of some Asian taxidermist.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

[7] Scientists believed that someone had sewn a duck's beak into the body of an animal resembling a beaver.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Shaw even searched dried leather for stitches with scissors.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

[6] Shaw gave the found animal the name Platypus anatinus.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

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Platypus is Latin, but is derived from the Greek words πλατύς (platys, ″flat, broad”) [8] and πους (pous, ″foot”).


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[9] Under Linné's classification system, he made Platypus the name of the tribe, but the name was later changed when it was discovered to be already in use as the name of a tribe of beetles.


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However, it remained the English name of the animal.


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[10] Johann Blumenbach used the name Ornithorhynchus paradoxus in his work published in 1800.


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[11] Subsequently, however, Ornithorhynchus anatinus was adopted as the official name of the species.


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[10] Ornithorhynchus is derived from the Greek word ορνιθόρυγχος (ornithorhynkhos) meaning ″bird's beak', and the Latin word anatinus means ″duck-like”.


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Names used by indigenous aquatic pigtails include boondaburra, mallingong and tambreet.


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[12] Features Structure The body and broad, flat tail of the aquatic seagull are covered with bushy, brown fur.


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The fur is very dense, with 600—900 hairs per square millimeter.


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The dense fur, formed from two layers, traps an insulating layer of air that keeps the animal warm.


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[6] [10] The tail of the aquatic pigtail is its fat store, and the same adaptation is also found in sac wolverine [13] and fat-tailed sheep, among others.


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The aquatic pigtail has a large snout resembling a duck beak in appearance.


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Although commonly referred to as a beak, the snout is nevertheless not a corneum-covered protrusion as in birds, but a delicate leather-faced sensory organ.


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[14] The aquatic pigtail is one of many water-adapted flip-footed mammals.


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The flipper structure is more pronounced on the front legs, and the aquatic pigtail folds them to size while walking on land.


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[10] The nostrils are located on the upper surface of the snout and the eyes and ears in the recess behind the snout, which is closed when swimming.


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[10] When disturbed, aquatic pigs have been heard growling silently.


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Several other vocalizations have been recorded down from individuals living in captivity.


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[15] Placental mammals (Eutheria) have a normal body temperature of 38°C, but the average body temperature of the aquatic pigtail animal is 31-32°C.


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[16] Research suggests that this is not a general feature of beaked animals, but is the result of the gradual adaptation of a small group of beaked animals to difficult environmental conditions.


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[17] [18] The metabolism and respiration of the aquatic seagull animal are slower than that of placental mammals of the same weight.


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[19] The weight of the aquatic pigtail animal varies considerably, from 0.7 to 2.4 kg, and males are clearly bigger than females.


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The average length of males is 50 cm, females 43 cm.


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[10] The size of individuals living in different regions varies, but the differences do not appear to follow climatic variation.


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Environmental factors such as predators and the influence of human activities have been speculated to be the cause of the differences.


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[20] Juvenile specimens of current aquatic pigs have three teeth in both the upper and lower jaws which they lose before or just after leaving the birth nest.


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[10] Adult individuals have heavily horned tissue in the holding of the teeth.


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The structure of the jaw of the aquatic pigtail differs from that of other mammals: the entire length of the mandibular bone runs an overgrown corridor containing the mandibular artery and trigeminal nerve, and there is a glandular hernia in the middle of the jaw.


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[19] The muscle that opens the jaw is also different.


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As with all genuine mammals, even in aquatic pigtails, the small sound-conducting bones of the middle ear are attached to the skull rather than in the jaws, as in cynodonts and other synapsids that precede mammals.


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However, the external opening of the ear is located at the base of the jaw.


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The aquatic pigtail has extra bones around its shoulders, which are absent in other mammals, and its shoulder belt resembles that of reptiles.


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Its walking style is reptile-like, meaning the legs are on the side of its body and not under it when walking.


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[10] The testes of aquatic pigs are located on the inside of the body close to the kidneys: therefore at no time do they descend outside the body.


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[21] Similar to birds and reptiles, the aquatic pigtail has a common intestine.


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[22] Venom Aquatic pigtail males have spurs on their ankles which produce a venom strain characteristic of the species.


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It contains at least 19 different ingredients and consists mostly of defensin-like peptides (DLPs), C-type natriuretic peptides (CNPs), and nerve growth factors (NGF).


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The venom of the aquatic pigtail animal has evolved independently separately from the development of the venom in reptiles.


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[23] The poison is not excreted throughout the year, but only during the mating time of aquatic pigs.


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[24] The venom producing glands have evolved from sweat glands and are located between the knee and the foot of the male's hind limbs.


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[10] [24] Kidney-shaped glands join on both hind legs by thin-walled tubules to the calcaneus spur.


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Female aquatic pigtails have undeveloped spur buds, similar to beaked hedgehogs, which disappear before the end of the first year of life.


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Females do not have functioning venom glands.


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[10] The poison is lethal to smaller animals, [25] but its potency is insufficient to kill humans.


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However, the pain caused by the poison is so painful that the victim may become paralysed and ordinary painkillers are not enough.


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[24] The area around the wound swells rapidly, and the swelling gradually spreads to the entire limb.


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Based on case studies, it has been noticed that pain develops into long-lasting hyperalgesia, which can persist for days or even months.


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[26] Electrosense Beaked animals are the only mammals known to possess an electric sense besides the beaked hedgehog.


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They locate their prey by observing electric fields produced by muscle contractions.


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The electric sense of the aquatic pigtail animal is the most developed of all beaked animals.


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[27] Electroreceptors are located on the skin of the beak in rows directed from snout to tail, while contact-sensing mechanoreceptors spread evenly throughout the beak area.


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In total, approximately 60000 mechanoreceptors and 40000 electroreceptors are located in the beak.


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[19] The area responsible for the electrical sense of the cortex is located in its tactile area, and some cortical cells receive input from both electroreceptors and mechanoreceptors, suggesting a close connection between electrical and tactile senses.


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Both the electric and mechanoreceptors in the beak control the body-partial order of the cortex of the aquatic pigtail animal, in the same way that human hands dominate Wilder Penfield's homunculus.


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[28] [29] The aquatic seagot is capable — possibly by comparing differences in signal strength with its electrical receptors — to infer the direction of the source of electricity.


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This is the reason for the animal's typical side-to-side movement of the head when it preys.


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The interconnection of electric sense and tactile input suggests that the animal is able to estimate its distance as prey moves.


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This would be done through the difference in arrival times of electrical signals emitted from prey and mechanical oscillations.


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[27] [28] The aquatic seagot obtains nutrition by digging up the river bed with its beak.


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Electroreceptors it may also use in this situation to distinguish between living and inanimate objects when mechanoreceptors receive stimuli constantly.


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[27] When prey is disturbed, its muscles produce a small number of electrical currents when contracted, which are sensed by the aquatic pigtail.


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Research suggests the aquatic pigtail will even respond to an “artificial shrimp” if a small amount of electrical current is passed through it.


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[30] Distribution and lifestyles The aquatic seagull is a semiaquatic species, meaning it lives mainly on land but spends much of its life cycle in water.


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The aquatic pigtail inhabit small rivers and streams over a large area from the cold highlands of Tasmania and the Australian Alps all the way to the tropical rainforests of the Queensland coast and as far north as the foothills of the Cape York Peninsula.


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[31] There is no precise information on its inland distribution: it has completely disappeared from South Australia except Kangaroo Island, [32] where it has been reintroduced, [33] [34] and is no longer found in the main part of the Murray-Darling River basin — possibly due to comprehensive land clearing and due to degradation of water quality caused by irrigation systems.


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[35] Captive aquatic pigtails have reached the age of 17 years, and individuals aged 11 years of age have been encountered in freedom.


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The mortality rate for adult individuals living in freedom is probably small.


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[10] Its natural predators include snakes, water rats, reserans and eagles.


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The small size of the water pigtail population in northern Australia may be due to predation on them by crocodiles.


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[36] The introduction of foxes to contain the hare population may have had some effect on the mainland's aquatic pigtail population.


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[20] The aquatic pigtail is mainly considered a night and dusk animal, but some specimens may also be active during the daytime, especially when the sky is clouded.


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[37] [38] Its habitat consists of rivers and riparian areas with both its prey animals as a food source and a riparian enclosure in which it can dig resting and nesting burrows.


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[38] It can have a radius of seven kilometers.


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and the male's territory extends to the territory of 3—4 females.


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[39] The aquatic pigtail is an excellent swimmer, and it spends long periods in the water looking for something to eat.


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What distinguishes a swimming aquatic soak animal from other Australian mammals is that the aquatic pigtail animal has no visible ears.


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[40] Atypically for mammals, the aquatic pigtail pushes itself when swimming by an alternating rowing motion of its front legs.


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Although all legs of the aquatic pigtail animal have flippers, it does not use hind legs in thrust motion, but holds them against the body and uses them and the tail for steering.


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[41] The aquatic seagoing animal is level-tempered and maintains a body temperature lower than most mammals at 32°C, even when preying hourly in water with temperatures below 5°C.


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[10] Dives usually last half a minute, sometimes longer.


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Rarely, however, do they exceed the estimated limit of 40 seconds between a dive using oxygen and a dive without oxygen.


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Between dives, the recovery time spent at the surface is usually 10—20 seconds.


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[42] [43] The aquatic seagot is carnivorous: its nutrition includes articulated worms and larvae, freshwater prawns and crayfish, which it digs out of the riverbed with its beak and catches when swimming.


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It carries its prey in cheek pouches to the surface for eating.


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[40] The aquatic seagoing animal must eat 20% of its own body weight daily.


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Therefore, it takes 12 hours a day to search for food.


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[42] When not in the water, it retreats into a resting hole located near the river collision just above the surface of the water.


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The rest burrow is short and straight, oval in cross-section and often hidden under the root lantern.


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[40] Reproduction When the aquatic pigtail was first discovered, scientists had two kinds of views on whether or not females of the species lay eggs.


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It was not until 1884 when William H. Caldwell was sent to Australia to conduct a comprehensive survey.


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Aided by a group of 150 Aborigines, Caldwell's managed to find some eggs.


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[10] [25] The species has one estrus period per year, which, depending on local variation, falls between June and October.


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[36] Observation history, identification marking and apprehension, and preliminary studies of strain genetics indicate that the population may consist of both permanent and temporary members, and suggest a polygynous mating system.


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[44] Females reach mating age in their second year of life and are known to have reproduced even more than nine years of age.


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[44] [10] Outside the estrus period, the aquatic pigtail lives in a simple ground hole with a mouth opening about 30 cm above the water level.


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After mating, the female builds a deeper, more detailed nest that might be 20 feet long and blocked with plugs placed along the way.


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The purpose of stoppers may be to protect the nest from rising water or predators, or they may act as regulators of humidity and temperature in the nest.


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[45] The male takes no part in brood breeding, but retreats back to his year-round nest.


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The female cushions the base of the nest with dead, folded, moist leaves and collects leaves and reeds that have fallen towards the end of the tunnel into badges.


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The female carries these supplies to her nest by tucking them under her twisted tail.


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[6] The aquatic female has a pair of ovaries, however, only one of which works.


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[37] It lays 1—3 (usually two) small, leathery, resembling reptile eggs and about 15—18 millimetre in length, which are slightly rounder than bird eggs in shape.


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[15] Eggs develop in the womb in about 28 days.


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After laying, the female curls up around the eggs and incubates them for 10 days, when, for example, the chicken has an egg in the body for only a day and 21 days to hatch.


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[37] The incubation period is divided into three parts.


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Initially, the embryo is dependent on the yolk sac for nutrition, since it does not yet have functioning organs.


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As it develops, the embryo wears off the sac.


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[46] During the second period, toes develop, and in the final period an egg tooth appears.


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[47] Newly hatched chicks are only 15 millimetres long, [24] vulnerable, blind and hairless, and derive their nourishment from the mother's milk.


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Although the aquatic plant has mammary glands, it does not have nis.


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Milk is excreted from the pores of the skin.


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The mother's abdomen has striations from which the chicks can jam the milk accumulated in them.


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[6] [36] After hatching, the mother breastfeeds the chicks for 3—4 months.


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During brooding and weaning, the mother initially leaves the nest only for very short periods to retrieve something to eat.


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Upon leaving, it builds several plugs consisting of a thin layer of soil along the entire length of the nest, which may be intended to protect the chicks from predators.


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As the mother pushes back into the nest, the stoppers dry the mother's fur, and thus the nest stays dry.


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[48] After about five weeks, the mother begins to spend more time away from her chicks, and the chicks leave the nest after about four months.


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[36] Fossils and evolution Fossils of aquatic pigtails, like other species of beaked animals, are rare, so the study of their evolutionary history has had to rely mainly on molecular evidence.


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For this reason, among other things, the aquatic and other species of beaked animals are very poorly known.


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William King Gregory put forward the 1947 theory that placental mammals and marsupials would have first separated and beaked animals would be the product of later marsupial branching.


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However, more recent studies and fossil finds have suggested that assumption is wrong.


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[49] [50] The current view holds that beaked animals are representatives of a branch differentiated early from the mammalian tree.


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The consequence of subsequent branching is considered to be marsupials and placental mammals.


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[51] [49] The aquatic pigtail therefore belongs to the earliest known mammalian branching.


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Results from molecular clock studies have suggested that the division of beaked animals into more species would have occurred very rapidly in the Cenozoic World Period.


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[19] The last known common ancestor of the aquatic pigtail animal and man dates back 166 million years.


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[23] A fossil found in 2005 at Flat Rocks in Victoria has altered several older perceptions of the evolution of the aquatic pigtail animal.


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The jawbone found dates from the Early Cretaceous, dominated by dinosaurs, and has been calculated to be between 121—112.5 million years old.


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The fossil belongs to an ancient species of teinolophos beaked animal, which is considered to be the first aquatic species to exist.


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So, on its basis, the aquatic pigtail is one of the oldest mammals in the world.


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The discovery suggests that, contrary to what has previously been inferred from the molecular clock, branching of the order of beaked animals would have occurred significantly more slowly and aquatic pigs and beaked hedgehogs would have separated from each other as early as the Early Cretaceous.


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[19] The second oldest relative of the aquatic soak animal is the obdurodon, whose fossils date back to the Late Oligocene period.


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[19] The first fossils belonging to the current aquatic species date back about 100000 years.


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[12] Genetic research Significance and objectives The divergence of the species evolution of the aquatic seagull from that of other mammals makes the aquatic pigtail an important link between mammals and birds and reptiles.


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By comparing the genome of the aquatic pigtail animal with other genomes already elucidated, one can deduce which genes were inherited from early ancestors and which in turn evolved at a later stage.


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By comparison, completely new genes can also be discovered.


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By comparing the genomes of the aquatic pigtail animal and human, scientists believe they will gain better information on topics such as the evolution of the human immunity system, the evolution and purpose of sex chromosomes, and the inactivation of the X chromosome.


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By studying beaked animals, the researchers hope to also determine the reason why a stigma developed, namely the determination of the activity of a gene by which parent the gene was inherited.


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[52] The gene lineage of the aquatic pigtail animal is thought to assist the pharmaceutical industry in understanding drug metabolism and autoimmune reactions and in the manufacture of vaccines suitable for humans.


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Also, due to its properties, the poison of the aquatic pigtail is thought to have pharmaceutical uses, for example in pain relief.


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[52] Genome Decoding the aquatic genome was proposed in 2003, and a draft of it was published in Nature on May 8, 2008.


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The aquatic female who donated the genome was named Glennie.


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The genome is about 2.2 billion base pairs [53] and contains 18527 genes.


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By examining the genome, it was discovered that 82 per cent of the genes in the aquatic genes are shared with human, mouse, dog, possum and chicken compared to it.


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Traits common with reptiles were also found in the genome.


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[23] 'A group of researchers from the Australian National University discovered in 2004 that the aquatic pigtail has ten sex chromosomes.


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[54] Later, the beak herb was confirmed to have a similar sex chromosome.


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[55] The vast majority of mammals have two sex chromosomes (XX/XY).


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The chromosomes of a water-nosed male are always XYXYXYXY.


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The aquatic pigtail does not have the sex-determining gene SRY of most other mammals, but the gene Dmrt1, typically found as autosomal in mammals, is found on the X1 sex chromosome in the aquatic pigtail animal.


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[54] [56] In birds, the same gene is located on the Z sex chromosome and affects sex development.


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It is unclear whether Dmrt1 affects the sex development of the aquatic pigtail animal, since even normally, the vast majority of genes on mammalian sex chromosomes are gender-neutral.


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On the other hand, one of the Y chromosomes of the aquatic pigtail animal also contains the same genes as the ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes of birds.


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[57] The karyotype of the aquatic pigtail animal is 52, regardless of sex, and differs in characteristics from the karyotypes of other mammals in more ways than one.


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In addition to mammalian traits, the genes of the aquatic pigtail animal contain traits of both birds and reptiles.


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The karyotype is formed by a few large lobes and several smaller chromosomes.


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Exceptionally, the karyotype includes several unpaired chromosomes.


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These chromosomes form a chain in meiosis, which also includes 17 small pairs of chromosomes that are difficult to distinguish.


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[23] [52] Current status and conservation efforts With the exception of South Australia, the aquatic pigtail colonizes the same areas it inhabited prior to the arrival of European settlers.


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However, human-induced alterations in the aquatic pigtail habitat have been found to have caused local changes and fragmentation to the species' distribution.


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The current status of the species and changes in it is poorly known, but the number of free-living specimens is likely to have decreased.


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However, the species is still considered common almost throughout its range of occurrence.


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[38] The species was extensively hunted for its fur until the 20th century, and until about 1950, aquatic pigs were in danger of drowning in the nets of inland fishermen.


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[35] The species was protected throughout Australia in 1905.


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[48] Thanks to conservation efforts, the aquatic pigtail does not appear to be in immediate danger of extinction, but may be affected by disturbances caused by dams, irrigation, pollution, nets and traps in its habitat.


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[33] According to a study published in 2011, global warming may also affect the current habitat of the aquatic goose animal.


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The aquatic seagull experiences heat stress when the water temperature rises to 25°C, and increasing water temperature may reduce the habitat of the aquatic gobler by up to 30% in the future.


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[4] [58] The World Union for Conservation of Nature has defined the aquatic pigtail animal as eye-keeping.


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[33] In Australia, the aquatic pigtail is classified as a common but vulnerable species, and permission to keep it in captivity is limited to few zoos and universities.


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It is strictly forbidden to take a water soak animal as a pet and export it from the country.


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[6] Although there are few diseases inherently in aquatic pigtails, there has recently been widespread concern in Tasmania about the threat posed to the aquatic population by the fungal disease mucor amphibiorum.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

The disease, referred to as mucormycosis only affects Tasmanian aquatic pigtails and has not been found in mainland Australian stock.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

The fungus can cause infected individuals severe skin injuries or sores to areas such as the back, tail and legs.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Impairment of body temperature maintenance and nutrition efficiency caused by mucormycosis and secondary infections can be fatal for the animal.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Tasmanian ministries are working with researchers from two Australian universities to determine the impact of the disease on Tasmanian aquatic pigtails, as well as the way the disease is transmitted and current prevalence.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

[59] The distribution of the imported fox has until recently been limited to mainland Australia, but increasing evidence suggests it is also living in small numbers in Tasmania.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

[60] This efficient, adaptive predator is considered the single largest destructive imported predator in Australia and a threat to Australia's native land animals.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

In terms of original biodiversity, it would be a disaster if the fox were allowed to settle in Tasmania permanently.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Tasmania arguably represents the best possible aquatic pigtail habitat in Australia, and its aquatic pigtail population is probably the largest in Australia.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

Fungal disease and fox can cause considerable problems for the species.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Waterpoophya

The aquatic pigtail was introduced to much of the world in 1939 when National Geographic published an article on the aquatic pigtail, as well as the work that had been done to study it and attempts to breed the species in captivity.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Breeding in captivity is a tricky task and only for some chicks has this been successful — particularly at Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

The leading figure in these studies is David Fleay, who set up a simulated river tank 'platypusary' at Healesville Sanctuary and whose success was able to get aquatic pigtails to breed in captivity in 1943.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[61] A similar river tank was successful in Healesville in 1998 and again in 2000.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Based in Sydney, Taronga Zoo had twins in 2003 and again in 2006.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[62] Appearance in culture in the indigenous peoples of Australia are stories of the genesis of the aquatic genesis.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Often in them, the aquatic goose is reported to have been born as a descendant of duck and water rat.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

According to one story, it was a forbidden union of two souls, for which the pair were transformed into ducks and water rats and their offspring became aquatic pigs.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[63] According to another story, a lonely water rat Biggoon forced a young beautiful duck swimming alone to marry him.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Duck lived as a captive of a water rat until finally able to escape and return to his tribe.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

However, it was not birds that hatched from duck eggs, but aquatic pigtails.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

The duck was driven away from his tribe, but its chicks took up residence on their own and reproduced.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[64] A story from New South Wales describes the strange position of the aquatic goose animal in the animal kingdom.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Animals tormented by lack of space gathered to discuss how to solve the problem.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

A collared lizard bored at the meeting caused a huge flood that wiped out the most abundant species, aquatic pigtails.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

It later transpired that one water-nosed animal survived the flood.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

The other animals decided to find out who were the closest genus to the aquatic pigtail and thus help it.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

However, all found congruent traits between themselves and the aquatic pigtail animal, the birds more so than others.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Eventually, to solve the problem, the aquatic pigtail was offered a bride from its self-chosen tribe.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Wishing to get rid of the tribe of birds, the aquatic pigtail chose a sac badger as his wife.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

The water-nosed animal managed to get rid of its feathers, but it was still left with its beak and flippers and its wife was still laying eggs.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Eventually, the aquatic pigtail gave in its attempts to differentiate itself from other animal tribes and retreated to its own circumstances without wanting to be more associated with other species.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[22] A cave painting depicting the animal has been found on the Cape York Peninsula, where the aquatic pigtail is extinct.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

In addition to its birth story, the aquatic pigtail also appears in many other stories of the indigenous population.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Among other things, it is reported to have been involved in the birth of the River Snowy.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[22] The Australian children's book Dot and the Kangaroo, published in 1899, reports that the aquatic pigtail animal was withdrawn to its own circumstances because of its diverse appearance it was not allowed into Noah's Ark.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[22] The water pigtail is sometimes referred to as proof that God has a sense of humour.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

The phrase is in the Dogma movie, for example.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[65] After seeing the aquatic seagull, Charles Darwin wrote in his 1836 diary that an unbeliever could suspect Earth organisms to be the creations of two different Creators.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[22] Due to its uniqueness, the aquatic pigtail is popular as an emblem of many Australian companies, organisations and events.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

It is the national animal of the Australian state of New South Wales.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[66] The aquatic pigtail ″Syd” was one of the three mascots of the Sydney Summer Olympics 2000.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[67] The mascot of Apple's Darwin BSD operating system is Hexley, the aquatic pigtail.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

[68] Fictional aquatic pigtails also appear in television cartoon series such as Vää Vili Vilper and Perry Phinias and Ferb.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Sources On topic elsewhere CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link), Ensembl Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is synonymous with the word hybrid?

Aquaphraine

Category:Beaked animals Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Launched in late 1914 in Finnish male student circles and led to the formation of Jääkäribattalion 27, the Jääkäribattalion 27 was an initiative of activists to obtain military training for the detachment of Finland from Russia.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

After the First World War in 1914, Finland was initially cautious in the circles of the Kagal and old activists of the First Repressive Resistance Group.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

[1] In the men's matriculation circles, the ice movement emerged, which took as its goal the armed detachment of Finland from Russia.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Overall, 1895 volunteers began the Jääkärike training 1915—1918.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Of them, 1261 (67%) participated in the Finnish Civil War.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Of those involved, 128 (10%) fell in the fighting and 238 (19%) were wounded.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

The Winter War involved 774 Icemen in all kinds of war duties in front and home forces, as well as civilian administrative duties in the army, of which 24 (3%) fell as well as 19 (2%) were wounded.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

The Mannerheim Cross was awarded to 20 former Jäägers.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Forty-nine icemen were promoted to the general corps.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

As the ice cap movement expanded, its social base widened, encompassing all layers of folk.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Relative to the population, the largest number of icemen enlisted from Lake Kortes (the area today part of the city of Kauhava), who on this basis declared themselves to be a jockey.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Stages of the Ice Pass Movement The Central Committee of the Independence Movement considered it necessary to form a People's Army.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Military training could not be obtained in Finland, so it was sought abroad.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

In January 1915, Germany announced its readiness to train 200 Finns.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Partly by lettuce, nearly two hundred young men moved first to Sweden and from there on to Germany to be trained for the Pfadfinder course (this was an alias referring to the Scouting movement).


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

[2] The Finns were trained at Lockstedt camp in Holstein.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

In the autumn of 1915, Germany decided to raise the strength of the Finnish contingent to 2000 men.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

A covert recruitment covering the whole country was initiated in Finland.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

The busiest recruitment activities were in Uusimaa, Ostrobothnia and Karelia.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

The following spring, the corps was formed into the Royal Prussian Jääger Battalion 27 under Major Maximilian Bayer.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

[3] Russia received word of the ice cap movement in September 1915.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Of the 19 caught, 13 were taken to Špalernaya prison in Saint Petersburg, where 60 other activists had also been imprisoned, including Vihtori Kosola, Artturi Leinonen, Esko Riekki, Aarne Sihvo and Kyösti Wilkuna.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

The “Bar-iceers” were released after the February Revolution of 1917.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

The battalion took part in the fighting against Russia in the Baltics.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

The Jääkärs swore an oath to the legitimate government of Finland in the church of Liepāja.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

In the autumn of 1917, 60 ice kaurs entered Finland.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

The Jääkärs had sought training for combat against Russia, but by the time of their return to Finland in early 1918 the situation had changed significantly.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

In addition to Russian troops, the opposing side had a working population of their own country organised as the Red Guard.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

For this reason, about one third of the ice hangers did not return to Finland.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

However, the main force of 950 men arrived in Vaasa on 25 February 1918 and moved mainly into the ranks of government forces.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

They considered this to be specifically the Finnish War of Independence, which would effectively determine whether the country would be “free” from Russian rule.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wareholder still operational?

Ice Pitch Movement

Not all of the ice keepers were as loyal to the regime as is widely believed.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice Pitch Movement

Shortly after the Jääkäris' return to Finland for reasons related to the ice conflict, a group of Jakeers made an unsuccessful bomb attendant on General Mannerheim's staff train.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice Pitch Movement

After the war, the vast majority of icebrees returned to civilian life.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice Pitch Movement

The majority were laborers, small farmers and operatives; one in five had completed the baccalaureate.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice Pitch Movement

Some glaciers rose to the pinnacle of economic or cultural life.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice Pitch Movement

Some went on to military careers.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice Pitch Movement

A few icemen migrated to Soviet Russia.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The vast majority of ice ranchers participated in the Winter and Continuation War.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

A total of 49 Jäkär officers received the military rank of general, among them infantry generals Erik Heinrichs, Kaarlo Heiskanen, Taavetti Latakainen, Armas-Eino Martola, Aarne Sihvo, Alonzo Sundman, Paavo Talvela and Väinö Valve.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The influence of Jääkäres in the development of the Finnish Defence Forces was very large until the 1950s.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The last ice keeper, Jääkärikrikanal Väinö Valve died in 1995.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

According to Matti Lackman, a Doctor of Philosophy who studied the ice carriage movement, the ice keepers committed treason on the basis of a law in force in Russia at the time [4].


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The early 20th century activism, whose ideological heir, arose in response to the situation created by the Russification measures and the acquiescence of some Finns, where Finland's self-governing status was threatened and the laws were felt. lost its relevance.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The abolition of their own Finnish military personnel and the threat of being forced to serve in Russian troop detachments on Russian soil strongly influenced moods.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[5] Activists felt that the prevailing illegal situation justified and obliged, if necessary, to respond to violence with violence.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

A programme of activism was put forward in 1903, and an active opposition party was formed the following year.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

In the activities of these early activists, future forms of activity of the Ickeers and Activists were foreshadowed by arms supplies such as the voyage of the SS John Grafton, the emergence of patronage municipalities during the Grand Strike, and the 1906 creation of the paramilitary Force League.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Revolutionary peacefulness in Russia still suppressed these forms of activity within 1906.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[6] Another period of repression began to develop in late 1908 and brought behind the force of Russian law in June 1910 to last until the end of the Russian Empire until March 1917.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The idea of Finland's independence was considered pending in party activities by activists, among others, in the magazine Framtid—Anti-Issue until its abolition in 1910 ended the old period of activism.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[7] In the university's constituent municipalities, the idea of independence was fostered in various forms.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

In speeches at the Conferment Celebration in May 1914, the idea of independence was widely expressed, though cautiously worded.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Many future prominent men appear in the conferment committee: Kai Donner, Väinö Kokko, Pehr Norrmén and Yrjö Ruuth (late.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Screen).


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[8] Establishment Finland was placed in a state of war on 30 July 1914 [9]: Russian military leadership feared Germany would rise ashore and invade Finland.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Critical targets in different parts of Finland began to be fortified by the forces of Finns hired for the “movails” but under Russian leadership.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

These works caused labour shortages in areas such as agriculture.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

On November 17, an extensive Russification program was published, which definitively launched the action that led to the ice cap movement.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[10] The publication of the Russification programme broke the dams.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Already on the same day, several independent meetings were held outlining the forms and implementation of resistance.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

For example, it is reported that when Väinö Kokko, Yrjö Ruuth and Väinö Tiiri gave advice in Gardin's restaurant, students were gathered in the same place, among whom they came to a well-known trio to demand measures.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[11] Around the same time, some individual matriculates joined the Russian Army as volunteers to gain military training and war experience.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Later, a few such people who were “ahead of time” even deserted from the Russian army and went on to become an iceman.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

After the ice cap movement began, the equivalent no longer appeared.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The meeting of Ostrobotnia The organisation of the independence movement is considered to have started on 20 November 1914 with a meeting held at the House of Ostrobotnia in Ostrobotnia (the date is not unequivocal, as the protocol was not held for reasons of concealment).


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The meeting consisted of about 20 participants from different municipalities as well as the Old Finnish Student Association Suomalainen Nuija.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Instead of an outright start, this meeting rather meant a gathering of several smaller groups together, a form of critical mass formation.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Among other things, the meeting said, in the words of Pehr Norrmén, that passive resistance has lost its relevance and must go down the path of state fraud, since the law had been rejected by the opposing party (the Russians) as well.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Finland had to be disconnected from Russia's connection.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

When discussing foreign aid, Väinö Kokko — curator of Osakunta in Northern Ostrobothnia — considered German help important, even the only possibility.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Members of the meeting declared themselves the Provisional Central Committee of the Activist Movement.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Contact had to be contacted both potential training organisers, as well as senior politicians and activists and socialist representatives.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[12] The idea of sending a negotiator to Stockholm to explore the possibilities of military training through the former German Consul in Helsinki, Albert Goldbeck-Löwe, was strengthened in late November 1914.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Walter Horn and Bertel Paulig were named negotiators because they knew the liaison with pre-existing conditions and their German language proficiency was excellent.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The trip was disguised as the maintenance of sports links with Swedish organisations (the Finnish side was covered by the Suomen Palloliitto).


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[13] Germany was not the only option to be a supporter and training provider at this stage.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

At the turn of the year 1914—1915, several small groups from different municipalities travelled to reconnoisseur the Swedish atmosphere.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Numerous public figures, both for the Church, the scientific community and the press, were the targets of the visits.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The Swedish hosts showed interest in the situation in Finland and were convinced that in Finland the project also represented Finnish-speaking circles, but the answer to the actual question was obvious: no active support for Finland's independence would be forthcoming.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

While the possibilities of military training were recognised from abroad, self-made training was also organised at home: reading literature and improving fitness through skiing exercises, among other things.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Shooting drills were held by those with guns and cartridges in use.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Preparation for sabotage activities was done by studying pioneer fields under the guidance of engineering students.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Espionage activities for the Germans were also tried to organise.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

[14] Training for armed insurrection from Germany Herman Gummerus, Walter Horn and Bertel Paulig had sent a report to the German War Ministry on 8 December 1914 describing moods in Finland as well as welcoming arms assistance and training of 150 volunteers from Germany.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The trained would be tasked with supporting the invasion of German troops into Finland while an uprising against Russia would break out in the country.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

In his own right, the ground in Germany was shaped by Fritz Wetterhoff, a Finnish-born deputy judge who moved to Germany.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

As early as September, Wetterhoff had presented a plan for the invasion of Finland, which was quite similar to the one made by activists under the leadership of Gummerus.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Proper preparation of the resistance and support of German troops would be essential.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The matter of training Finnish volunteers proceeded to a conclusion at a meeting held at the premises of the German War Ministry on 26 January 1915, with representation not only from the Ministry of War but from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and two different staffs.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The main points of the decision were: Education would be given to 200 Finnish students with German skills who were “cultured, trustworthy and from good families”.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The duration of training would initially be four weeks, but time could be extended.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The content would emphasize topics such as military spirit, marksmanship, command of small units, and extermination and guerrilla activities.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Mid-February 1915 was decided as the start date and the Lockstedter Lager camp site as the training site.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Pfadfinders — volunteers in the cover role of patrol leaders The call to begin sending volunteers reached Wetterhoff mediated by Herman Gummerus in Stockholm on February 1, 1915.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The information was transmitted to Finland in the form of a password, ostensibly dealing with Harald Öhquist's father staying in Germany: “The doctor hopes for a full recovery within two weeks.”


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

On 25 February [9] arrived in Lockstedt the first 55 to train for scout courses (Pfadfinderkursus).


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

Their trip had led first to Stockholm to report to Herman Gummerus.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

The trips were explained as being related to studies, for example.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

In Stockholm, many had their names changed, pruned unnecessary equipment and received German passports as well as travel money for the rest of the trip.


Question: Is the Finnish ice wares business still in operation?

Ice warp movement

In Sweden, an advance was made via Malmö to Trelleborg, from where a ferry link took to Sassnitz in Germany.