Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Internment camps were established in the conquered territory, which in their own time were referred to at first as “concentration camps” and later as “displacement camps”.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[30] They were excluded: [31] (a) “unnational population from those areas where their stay in view of military action could not be permitted”; (b) “politically unreliable persons belonging to the national and non-national population of the military administrative territory”; (c) “in exceptional cases other persons belonging to the population of the Military Administrative Region whose vacancy was deemed undesirable”.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

When defined as the national population, the Finnish population was perceived as the national population.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[32] [33] The population of Väisniemi, Syyrinlaakso and Maanselänänänänänisthus, who traditionally happen to speak Russian, were moved from the front line to camps not only to prevent attacks by Soviet partisans, but also to protect civilians themselves.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In addition to this, refugees of non-Finnish descent were packed in Vänisniemi from all over the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic; while waiting in vain for transport across Sänisjärvi, they remained in the hands of the Finnish Defence Forces.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Based on the research literature, it can be estimated that evacuees or refugees from near the fronts may have numbered up to 16600 of the people placed in camps in East Karelia.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

This would mean more than 69% of the camps” highest population, which was 23984 people, on April 1, 1942.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[34] Mortality in the concentration camps of occupied East Karelia was up to 3.75%, significantly higher than among the free population of the same region (2.6%), in Finland (1.31%).


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The main reason for the high mortality rate among East Karelian campers appears to have been poor nutritional status and, to some extent, their age structure: a high relative proportion of women aged 20—30 years and minor children (almost 50%).


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[35] During the Continuation War, about 62000 Inger Finns migrated to Finland from the German-occupied Inger region.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The war of positions Mannerheim and Ryti had a negative view of the conquest of Leningrad and its direct support, as well as the severing of the Muurmann line in order to hold the argument for a separate war and to keep Finland better prospects for peace negotiations even after Germany's eventual defeat context [36].


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The advance of the Finns stalled on Mannerheim's orders in December 1941, when the so-called positional warfare phase began.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

It lasted two and a half years.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On 6 December, the territories lost in the Winter War were annexed back to Finland by the Parliament in restoring the borders of the Peace of Tartu.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, production and foreign trade declined, creating problems for the country's food supply.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The most difficult food situation was during the winter between 1942—1943.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In this case, for example, frontmen experienced deficiency diseases, and especially in some younger men general weakness due to lack of food.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The situation was saved by imports of food supplies, mostly from Germany and the countries under its influence.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In addition, the situation of the frontmen was facilitated by German troops in northern Finland, who victualled 50,000 Finnish soldiers in their area of responsibility.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Despite the practical problems brought with them by long transport journeys, monotonous food and limited portions the victualling of the frontmen was satisfactorily successful.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

There were a total of 300 cases of deficiency disease that required hospitalisation among frontmen during the Continuation War, which can be considered quite a small number.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[37] In 1942, fighting continued fragmented at Syvär and Kiesting.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Finns' only offensive war during the entire war of positions remained the capture of Suursaari in March.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[38] On June 4, Mannerheim reached the age of 75 and was promoted to Marshal of Finland.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The day was designated by defensive force as a flag feast day.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In Helsinki, a street was announced to be named in his honour.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Adolf Hitler unexpectedly visited Mannerheim's birthday party in Immola and complained that he had not been able to ensure Romanian oil for Germany to do anything for Finland before or during the Winter War.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

A recording of Hitler's “soliloquy” by the Finns also clarified the level of Soviet arms race that had surprised Hitler.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On his return visit to Germany, Mannerheim had apparently received further information about the German “expedition to the East” because, after his return, assessed to Defence Minister Walden the German “expedition to the east” as ending in disaster.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviets sent a military detachment behind the Finns front line around Rukajärvi.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

However, the Finns defeated the attempt in a short chase.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

After Germany suffered defeat at Stalingrad, efforts began to be made in Finland to distance themselves from Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The parliament began to show dissatisfaction towards Ryti, which was manifested by Secretary of State R.J.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On Witting's criticism of Ryti's signing of an anticomintern contract.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Parliament refused to extend the power law granted to Ryti.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

However, this did not prevent his re-election to an additional two-year term in February 1943.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

However, Prime Minister Rangell's government was switched to a less pro-German one led by Edwin Linkommies.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The government held together mainly thanks to Väinö Tanner, the finance minister of the Social Democrats.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Initial peace talks on Peace were held through the year, but no agreement was reached.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

As early as 8 February, the Soviet Union declared its willingness for peace.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The United States insisted on maintaining Finland's independence, and the Soviet ambassador to Washington, A. Litvinov, stated that the Soviet Union did not intend to occupy Finland as a whole.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Finns received the same insurance from Aleksandra Kollonta in Stockholm.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Finland insisted on the 1939 borders as the basis for peace negotiations, but the Soviet Union was informed that Finland's representative is welcome to negotiate in Moscow, but Finland's proposal should not include territories not belonging to it before the war.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Peace terms were locked up among the Allies at a Tehran conference in December.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the takeover of Berlin.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy invasion, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring over 300 lives.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government announced that the front was about to implode, Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and to break its relations with Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

At the time Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is a distance of about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Of particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, Äyräpaa — Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The force of more than two divisions that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasonen that the Soviet Union was aiming not at occupying Finland, but at peace.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377 according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to the official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

On 2 September, Parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Finland had to reduce the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial losses for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outside, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The British government in principle did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomants' defeat 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Offensive phase Continuation War Resistance solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

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) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

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p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

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Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel Diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

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Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of front men in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology | year = 2006| version = Dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyttä, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

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Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

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E.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

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& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

(ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Drabkin, Artem & Irincheev, Bair (ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with the eyes of the Red Army| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

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Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, film about JR 61 on the Syväkä and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, a film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: How many years did the Burmese war expeditions last?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

A role-playing game is a form of interactive narrative in which participants empathize with the roles of fictional characters.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In so-called tabletop role-playing games, playing mainly takes the form of conversation, in the form of live role-playing games, or “larping”.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The plot of the games takes shape and develops in the interaction between the participants as a kind of improvisation.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In role-playing games, the portion of the predetermined script is limited to narrative background settings and premises.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In role-playing games, a prearranged rule system is usually applied.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Characters' qualities or skills are often defined in words or numbers.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Resolving conflict situations are normally influenced by both player choices, character characteristics, and coincidence, often represented by dice.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Typically, role-playing games feature a person called a game manager who has designed the premise and backgrounds of the game, as well as controlling the game's side characters.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The name of a role-playing game is also used for some computer games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

RPG predecessors Modern role-playing games have a background in communal storytelling, 1960s events and old war games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In the 18th and 19th century war games with very detailed rules were used to train officers.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In these, troop compartments were depicted with miniatures and random events were modeled on dice.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The English author and historian H. G. Wells brought the war games considered long-winded closer to pastime.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

He published the rules of the wargame he had played himself to the general public in a volume titled Little Wars in the early 20th century.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

This, for its part, paved the way for future role-playing games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The development of role-playing games became distinct from wargames mainly due to literature.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The first RPGs were fantasy-themed.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Published in 1954—1956, J. R.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings novel is considered to be the actual inspiration for role-playing games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Tolkien showed how ambitiously imagination can be used.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

He drew maps of the Lord of the Rings event environment, Middle-earth, and developed his own history, mythology and even several languages with his own set of spelling characters.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

First RPGs In 1974, Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson published a Chainmail game in which the rules of wargames had been modified to fit the battles of fantasy creatures.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The same company also developed a Dungeons & Dragons game (D&D) a couple of years later, which can actually be considered to have started the role-playing phenomenon.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

These games differed in several ways from earlier wargames: instead of troop divisions, players controlled only one role character.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

one of the players took on the role of game manager who knew background information about the gameplay setting and who played opponents or allies encountered by the game characters.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

the events of the game sessions were interconnected in an alternativereality into a continuous plot adventure, a campaign.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The event environments of the first role-playing games were fantasy worlds similar to Tolkien's Middle-Earth.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Parallel to fantasy role games later developed into games on countless other subject lines.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Popular today include sci-fi and horror-themed games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The development of role-playing games by the time it came to the 1980s, D&D and its descendant Advanced Dungeons & Dragons had received numerous competitors, placing a different emphasis on tactics, storytelling, and embodying the character's role.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In addition, the theme of role-playing games rapidly expanded from fantasy to the worlds of science fiction (for example, Traveller) and horror book worlds (Cthulhu's Call, 1981).


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In 1986, the tabletop role-playing code GURPS was released, with rules to suit all kinds of topics ranging from fantasy to sci-fi, as well as realistic stories to epic fables.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Also worth mentioning is the 1988 Ars Magica, a guide to story-centric role-playing, where the responsibility of the game manager is shared among the entire team, with each acting as game leader as the game progresses.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Partly from the same creators came Vampire: The Masquerade role-playing game in 1991, which further emphasized embodying the character's worldview, hopes and fears.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Around the same time as gamification lost importance, role-playing began to seek new forms alongside traditional playing around the table.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Live role-playing was born.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In Nordic live role-playing culture in particular, the emphasis on empowerment has been particularly strong.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Types of role-playing games RPGs can be divided into at least three different groups: traditional tabletop role-playing games, live role-playing games, as well as internet role-playing games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

RPGs can also be counted on PC or console.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In tabletop role-playing games, players describe their characters' actions and the game manager describes the consequences of their actions and the world around them.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In live role-playing games, players tend to physically present their character's actions and also dress up as a character.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In Internet role-playing games, players write turn-based storylines with their own characters, empathizing with the so-called play-by-post method.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Many computer games are called role-playing games (see computer role games) if they have the potential to develop the skills of the game character.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

However, this feature inherited from war games does not yet make the game an role-playing game, and for these games it might be more relevant to talk about person-tactics games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

On the other hand, some games also allow real role-playing, most typical examples of tabletop role-playing games played via IRC, MUDs, or massive multi-player online role-playing games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Role playing games in Finland The first Finnish role-playing players started playing as early as the 1970s, most when they were an exchange student in the United States.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The hobby began to become widespread in Finland in 1985, when Finland's first company importing role-playing games Fantasiapelit was founded.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

RPG specialty shops, or at the very least, role-playing departments for major bookstore chains soon sprang up in major cities.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The latter have since disappeared, but role-playing game shops still operate in several cities.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

[1] By far the most famous role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons appeared in Finnish in 1988.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

According to fantasy games, about 65,000 copies of its basic rules (the so-called red box) were sold [2].


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In Finnish, it was published by Protocol Productions, who also translated Battletech into Finnish.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Other companies that have translated games into English include Ace Games (Astra, RuneQuest, Middle-earth role-playing game, Role Master, Road to the Stars 2300 and RPG magazine Magus), Dada games (Miniature game Laserburner and Stormark adventure series (Granag, King's City and Prisoner of the Sorcerer), Finnish Game House (Cyberpunk) 2020, Paranoia, Stormbringer, Twilight: 2000, and the role-playing game magazine Adventurer) and Pro Games (Call of Cthulhu).


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Other Finnish RPGs include Shadowrun, Armed Macho Women, Minion Part and Piruja for Men.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

[3] Finnish RPGs The first Finnish role-playing game was Secret Treasure of Raguoc in the Acirema Dungeons published by Risto J. “Nordic” Hieda in 1985.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Since then, Hieta designed the game Sword and Magic (1987), Elf Game Rapier (1989), horror role-playing game Astra (1991), fantasy game Elhendi (1993), and a series of minor games under the Arctic Ranger Productions name.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

In the 1990s, such as Pasi Silander and Piia Makkonen's Christian games Time of Kings (1993) and Anno Domini 50 (1995), Aleksi Stenberg's Tasnar (1997), and “Ultima Thule” (1999), written by Ilmari Piela, published by SKS, were also published.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

[4] In the 1990s, Ville Vuorela's Burger Games also started publishing games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Vuorela has published the baroque fantasy game Swordsman (1995), the eco-disaster game Taigan (1997), the gangster game Mobsters (1998), Praedor (2000) based on the comic books by Petri Hiltusen, and Stalker (2008), based on the book by Arkadi and Boris Strugatski.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Taiga has also appeared overseas, and an English version of Stalker is on sale.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The first role-playing game published by a major publishing house in Finland is Mike Pohjola's fantasy game Pyräaika, which appeared in 2003 published by WSOY's Johnny Kniga unit.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The 2000s saw the emergence of a kind of boom in domestic role-playing game publishing.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Since 2004 Arkkikivi Ay has been publishing so-called indie role-playing games in Finnish.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Game publishing company Ironspine was founded in 2006 and has published role-playing games Tribes (2009), Legends of Generia (2011) and Astraterra (2014), among others.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Other titles include Bliaron (2011), Mike Pohjola's Star Wreck Roleplaying Game (2006) and Star (2007), Juhana Pettersson's penguin-themed Valley of Eternity (2009), and English-language Lamentations of the Flame Princess (2010).


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The first crowdfunded Finnish role-playing game is Mike Pohjola's beginner-friendly adventure role-playing game Heroes of the Storm - Sword of the Great King, released in 2013.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

It is also the first Finnish-language role-playing game in decades to be released in a box set and is on sale in bookstores and department stores in addition to traditional role-playing game stores.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Finnish role-playing game magazines have also appeared in Finland, such as Adventurer (9 issues, 1987—1991), Blue Dragon (4 issues, 1988-1989), (19+3 issues 1989-1994), Magus (50 issues, 1989—2001), Claymore (20 issues, 1993-2000) and Role Player (23 issues, 2006—2009).


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Nordic's Game Cave (1985-1998) in the microbe has served as an inspiration for many people to play role-playing games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

With the increasing prevalence of the Internet, magazines have experimented with the electronic format, but have not prospered.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Role-playing game information has strongly migrated to blogs (among other things, and).


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

[5] Finnish role-playing events The most important industry event in Finland is the annual Ropecon, which gathers more than three thousand role-playing, collectible card game, miniature game and board game aficionados from all over Finland to chat and play.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Similar events take place annual role-playing events in Tampere (Tracon) and Oulu (Maracon), among others.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

There are about twenty role-playing associations in Finland through which you can play games.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The largest of them are Alter Ego in the metropolitan area and Otaniemi Role Playing Club [6].


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Relative phenomena With role-playing games, some of the same features share, for example, miniature games, collectible card games, and board games, but they are not considered role-playing games, as they do not normally involve the idea of empowering a single character.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Role playing fantasy worlds Middle-earth Krynn Glorantha Forgotten Realms Jaconia HârnWorld Azeroth Artesia Dark Sun Eberron Tamriel Panem Hogwarts See also List of role-playing games List of role-playing game publishers List about role-playing game designers GURPS Sources Literature Hieta, Risto J. et al: Role Playing Guide.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Arctic Ranger Production in 1996.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Käll, Hans| title = Journey to the Middle Ages: Guide for live role-players| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1999| version = Adapted to Finnish conditions from Levande rollspel: En handbok (1998).


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Translated by Sonja Dahlgren| id = ISBN 951-1-15985-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leppälahti, Merja| title = Role Playing.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Reanimation and fantasy hobby networks| location = Helsinki| publisher = Youth Research Society, Publications of the Youth Research Network 93| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-952-5464-56-6}} Leppälahti, Merja: The game is life.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Ethnography of role-playing.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Licentiate work, 2002.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pettersson, Juhana| title = RPG Manifest| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like| year = 2005| id = ISBN 952-471-505-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Särkijärvi, Jukka & Sotala, Kaj (ed.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

) | title = RPG book| location = Helsinki| publisher = BTJ Cost| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-692-670-7}} Vainio, Niklas (ed.)


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

The larpper's manual.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

Finnish Live Role Players Association.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

in 1997.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

On the topic elsewhere on the Open Directory Project website.


Question: What is the world's first published role-playing game?

Roleplay

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

A soap series (sometimes a soap opera according to the English term soap opera) is an ongoing medley serial programme presented on television or radio, set in its time of completion and has an ongoing plot: the story has no end but plot twists lead to increasingly new ones events and thus form a continuous open narrative.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

[1] Soap series began in the 1930s in the United States on radio.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

On television, they began to be aired in the late 1940s.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

In the United States, they are usually aired during daytime hours, hence the sometimes referred to them as “daytime serial” (“daytime series”).


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

The designation soap series (or opera) comes from the fact that early radio series had very much detergent manufacturers as sponsors, as they were aimed almost exclusively at women, especially housewives.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

[1] The most popular soap series are broadcast every day (often on weekdays), and continue for years.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

Due to the generous number of episodes in a soap series, typically some of the cast changes as production seasons change.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

Some series feature the same character may have been played by more than one actor.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

On the other hand, the return of a popular actor to the series may cause some incredible plot twists (including Patrick Duffy's character rising from the dead in Dallas, Teemu Lehtilä's character rising from the dead in Salatu Lives, and Hunter Tylo's character's double rising from the dead in Beautiful and in bold).


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

One typical feature of soap sets is the rapid aging of children.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

During the summer break, for example, the babies in the series might grow into school-age children and school-age children into teenagers.


Question: What does sepitous mean?

Soap series

The most famous soap series Concealed Lives (Finland) (1999 — still) New Day (Finland) (2010—2018) Miracle Workers (Finland) (1996—1998) Best Years (Finland) (2000—2002) Coronation Street (UK) (1960 — still) Emmerdale (UK) (1972 — still) Doctors (UK) (2000 — still) Eastenders (UK) (1985 — still) Hollyoaks (UK) (1995 — still) Dallas (USA) (1978—1991, 2012—2014) Dynasty (United States) (1981—1989) Falcon Crest m. Winery Falcon Crest (USA) (1981—1990) Guiding Light (United States) (1937—2009) Beautiful and Bold (United States) (1987 — still) Passions (United States) (1999—2008) Peyton Place (United States) (1964—1969) Gone by Days (United States) (1965 — still) Feelings and Fragrances (United States) (1973 — still) General Hospital (United States) (1963 — still) All My Children (United States) (1970—2011, 2013) Taken by Lemmen (Germany) (2005 — still) Vengeance (United States) (2011—2015) Marienhof (Germany) (1992—2011) As the World Turns (United States) (1956—2010) Sunset Beach (USA) (1997—1999) One Life to Live (United States) (1968—2012, 2013) Another World (United States) (1964—1999) Search for Tomorrow (United States) (1951—1986) Loving (United States) (1983—1995) Ryan's Hope (United States) (1975—1989) Parodies of Bubble (“Soap”, United States) Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman ( USA) See also Telenovela Sources


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

International Women's Day is an international anniversary that has been celebrated on 8 March since the early 20th century.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

In 1975, which was celebrated as the International Year of Women, the celebration of the day was confirmed by the United Nations [1] and at the same time received the title “United Nations Day of Women's Rights and International Peace”.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Celebration International Women's Day is an official day of celebration in several countries.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

According to tradition, men honor their mothers, wives, girlfriends, co-workers and other close women with flowers or other small gifts.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Somewhere in countries, daytime occupies as solid a position as Mother's Day.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

[2] In socialist countries, International Women's Day was a national holiday, with open workplaces and generally men remembered women with roses and organizing a different program.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

The corresponding celebration of “Men's Day” took place on Red Army Day on 23 February.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Every year, on March 8th there are thousands of events worldwide meant to praise women and celebrate their achievements.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

[2] Since 1996, the United Nations has dedicated Women's Day around a particular theme.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Many other organisations and entities have followed suit.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

[2] History The first United States National Women's Day under the Proclamation of the Socialist Party of America was declared to be on February 28, 1909, in honor of the 1908 Garment Workers' Strike.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

[3] According to a story circulating in French communist circles, International Women's Day would have been based on an 1857 strike by women in a textile factory in New York City.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

However, according to Liliana Kandel and Françoise Picq, the accession of the strike to Women's Day would have been invented 1955, so that the connection of the day with the world communist movement and the Soviet Union could be disconnected, thus improving the equality of women in Western Europe without the ideals associated with it there prejudice.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

[4] Socialist International Women's Second, Copenhagen 26—27.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

On August 1910, at a conference at the Nørrebro Workers' House, at the suggestion of German socialist Clara Zetkin, more than one hundred women from 17 countries unanimously endorsed International Women's Day.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

The conference did not specify an exact date.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

German Clara Zetkin, Russian Aleksandra Kollontai and Italian-Ukrainian Anželika Balabanova took centre stage at the meeting.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Nina Bang, a Dane who attended the meeting, became the world's first female minister in Denmark's first social-democratic government in 1924.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Five Finnish women who were members of the first parliament of the Grand Duchy of Finland were present at the meeting.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

The official Finnish representative was Ida Aalle-Teljo.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

The other four were Hilda Herrala, Aura Kiiskinen, Hilja Pärssinen and Miina Sillanpää.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

International Women's Day was first celebrated on 19 March 1911, when more than one million women and men attended gatherings in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

They called for women to have the right to vote, the right to work, the right to vocational training and an end to employment discrimination.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Around the time of World War I, Women's Day was associated with the peace movement.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

As a result, the celebration of the day spread in 1913 to the Russian Empire as well.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Elsewhere in Europe, women also protested against the war.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

[3] On March 8, 1917, women of the textile industry began in Saint Petersburg with strikes due to the food situation and as the strike expanded was forced by Emperor Nicholas II of Russia to hand over his crown to his brother, who refused it and Russia entered the era of provisional government.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

International Women's Day has grown over the course of the 20th century to accompany the socialist movement into a truly global holiday.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

The United Nations holds an annual Women's Day conference to promote women's rights and opportunities for women to participate in social, political and economic processes.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

The UN declared 1975 International Women's Year.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

[5] The World Conference on Women's Year adopted a plan to promote the status of women, and the UN General Assembly declared its implementation the Decade of Women (1976—1985).


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

[6] See also International Men's Day Sources on the topic elsewhere.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Workers' Archives Publication


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Huddersfield 1990.].


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

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Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. Jenni Jeskanen:.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

Yle North Karelia on 8 March 2010. Yle Living Archive. Yle Living Archives.


Question: Is feminism global?

International Women's Day

MTV3 Tourism March 8, 2012 Category:Feminism Category:Awareness Days Category:United Nations Days Category:March Holidays Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule in Finland is a period in Finnish history when Finland was part of the Kingdom of Sweden.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule was not a continuous era and its inception was a long-term process involving ambiguity.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule ended as a result of the Finnish War on 17 September 1809.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The period of Swedish rule began with the crusades to Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the new powers, the Finnish Grand Peasants of Moisioi were forced to give up their positions and their estates fell into the ownership of the Swedish Crown and the Catholic Church.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[1] In connection with the crusades, as a result of the colonization of the Finnish coast by the Swedes, its Finnish inhabitants essentially lost their fishing rights in the area.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Conflicts between newcomers and Finns also arose over farming rights.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[2] The Swedish language became the language of the nobility and the upper bourgeoisie, and priests and scholars were forced to use it as their official language.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During Swedish rule, the Finnish language was in danger of being lost, because it could not be used with the authorities, and newspapers were not written or produced enough non-fiction.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Throughout the countries' connection, Finns were considered a separate people and, due to the language issue, did not have the same rights as the Swedes.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Swedish kings visited Finland rarely and Finns were considered more primitive than Swedes or Germans and their language inferior.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] During Swedish rule, Finland became part of Western Christendom and the cultural, social and economic order of Western Europe, on the basis of which, among other things, a market economy, constitutional statesmanship and legalistic principles tied to legalistic principles of law emerged. administration.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Finnish language and some features of Finnish antiquity and culture remained despite conscious Swedishisation during Swedish rule, although they changed when adapting to new circumstances.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] [4] Finland's location as the frontier country of the kingdom brought numerous wars and raiding expeditions to the region.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Swedish Crown Prince Adolf Fredrik stated in 1746 that Finland was Sweden's warehouse and protective wall.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[3] During this period the Swedish Empire has also been referred to as Swedish-Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The term was coined retrospectively to describe the kingdom which included the main parts of present-day Sweden and Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Historian Peter Englund has stated that Finland during Swedish rule was not part or province of confederation but “... the eastern half of that kingdom which was practically destroyed in 1809, after which both parts went their separate ways.” In particular, Englund considers the Swedish Great Power period to be the common “property” of present-day Sweden and Finland, since the rise to superpower would have been impossible for a parched state without the resources of the eastern part of the empire.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[5] Early stages of Swedish rule The beginning of the period of Swedish rule was a long-standing process involving different regions of Finland at varying degrees at different times.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Finland, or Sweden, cannot be spoken of at this stage as a unified administrative entity.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Kingdom of Sweden spread to Finland in the midst of its own process of birth and consolidation.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As recently as the beginning of the 13th century, the law of West Götaland constantly referred to the East Götans and the Uplantians as foreigners.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Sweden's first written output, the Eerikinkronika, written in the 1320s, also speaks not of the Swedes but, for example, the Sveans, the Gothenites and the Uplantians.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[7] The Kingdom of Sweden can be said to have arisen around the year 1350.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] The early stages of the period of Swedish rule are fundamentally related to the missionary work of the Catholic Church in Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The northern Baltic region was a pagan area from the point of view of the Catholic Church and its goal was the conversion of the region to Catholicism.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In practice, the aim of the church was driven by the kings who professed the Catholic faith in the region, as well as by the crusaders, who were allowed in the name of Christianity to conquer new territories under their control.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Crusades to Finland were made at least by Swedes and Danes, possibly including Germans and Norwegians.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[8] [9] [10] Orthodox Novgorod also fought a typical war against the Finnish tribes.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Since at least 1042, the Hämäläs, or more commonly the Western Finns, had been waging almost constant war against Novgorod and the Baltic-Finnish peoples of the Karelian region, such as the Vatyans and Ingerians.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

These conflicts contributed to the Swedes” chances of conquering territories from Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A contemporaneous description of the Baltic conversion, Henry's Livonian Chronicle, gives a bloody picture of the conversion work of late 12th-century and early 13th century German Knights and Danes.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Christianity was well established in Sweden by the 12th century and its nascent kingdom sought to compete with Germany and Denmark for influence in the Baltics and around the Gulf of Finland by fighting the pagans and conquering lands from these.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the Baltic war expedition ended for the Swedes in 1220 with the destruction of the Swedish forces, including the earl and bishop, by the Islanders, and the fortress they had established at Lihula.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[11] [12] The first historical reference to the rule of Swedes in Finland is the earliest legend of St. Eerik, dating from the 1270s, according to which King Eerik the Saint and the English bishop Henry made the so-called First Crusade to Finland in the 1150s.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Legend tells that the king returned after an expedition to Sweden with the bishop remaining to arrange the ecclesiastical conditions in Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the war expedition is not regarded as a real event nowadays.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[13] The following reference in historical sources to Swedish influence in Finland is the statement in the Lübeck chronicle of 1266: “Duke Birger forced Finland to belong to Sweden”.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[14] Possibly the same event is dealt with by the Eerikinchronicle, written in the 1320s, which describes the Uplantians' expedition against the Hazy people.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war expedition in question has been considered to have possibly been the Second Crusade to Finland made between 1249 and 1250.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

According to the Eerikinchronika, as a result of the crusade, construction of a castle was started in Häme.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedes also began colonization of the Finnish coast in stages around the time of the Crusades, starting in Åland and Southwest Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The colonization of the Finnish coast by Christian people was a key means of spreading the faith.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Of these emigrants, Finnish-Swedes emerged over time.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[15] The Bishop of Turku is first mentioned in connection with the bishops of Sweden on 11 February 1253 in connection with the exchange of land between the Earl of Birger and Gudheim Abbey.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[16] The Swedish Church spread to Finland practically only in the 14th century.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[17] Since about the 12th century, the Catholic Church had operated independently in Southwest Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The influence of Western and Eastern Christianity had spread to Finland even earlier in the prehistoric period, with indications such as tomb finds made in archaeological excavations.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Eerikinchronicle recounts the destruction of Sigtuna by the Karelians in 1187, the largest and most important city in Sweden at that time.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Karelians made a war expedition to Sweden also in 1257.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[18] In 1259 Pope Alexander IV approved the marriage of King Valdemar of Sweden and Sophia, granddaughter of King Christopher of Denmark, so that Sweden would be better and more effectively able to counter the constant attacks on the kingdom's villages and churches by pagans living nearby.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[19] In spite of this, even in 1275 the Christians of the Swedish Empire were tormented by the pagans of Karelia and Lapland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[20] The first chronicle of Novgorod states that Dmitry Alexandrovich conquered Karelia in 1278.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The pagan Karelians had been, up to that point, trading partners for Gotland, among others.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[21] Regardless of trade links, according to Eerikinkronika, the Uplantians made the so-called Third Crusade into Finland in 1293, conquering Karelia with 14 engagements.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[22] Birger Maununpoika's letter of authorisation of 4 March 1295 to Lübeck and other Baltic trading cities mentions as the motive for the conversion of Karelians the long long practice of banditry and looting by the Karelians and the taking captive of Swedes and other visitors to the Baltic Sea and torturing.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[23] The first historical reference of the Catholic Church to Swedish rule outside Finland dates back to about 1284.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this act of Maunu Ladonluko on the general peace of land, Pentti Birgerinpaa is referred to as the Duke of Finland, that is, present-day Southwest Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[24] However, he may have never visited Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Despite the expansion of Swedish power, the conflict between Hämäläs and Novgorod lasted for hundreds of years.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The First Chronicle of Novgorod states that Novgorod made a war expedition against the Hazorites still in 1292.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Conflicts between Finns and Swedes after the Crusades, the colonization of the Swedes in their wake also led to conflicts between Finns and Swedes.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Ostrobothian stories tell of the need to help the colonists, while other stories describe Sweden as mainly criminals and evildoers who came to the country to wage war against the Finns.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[25] In the 16th century, Mikael Agricola wrote that pagan Finns had harassed Swedish colonists, for which reason they had received help from their relatives in Sweden.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[25] The original Finnish settlement of Kimitoon Island completely disappeared from the site after the Swedes entered the area, which may contribute to the conflict between the groups.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[26] Conflicts between Finns and colonists also arose regarding the rights to use the territories.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In principle, the King of Sweden always gave fishing rights to the colonists in which case the Finns lost their rights to them.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[27] Several letters concerning these disputes are known.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For example, on 1 June 1303, Swedish colonists from Satakunta had quarreled with the Finns in the area as their holdings were located in the old casque lands of the Finns.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1347, in turn, an order was issued for the transfer of fishing rights in the Helsinki region from the Finns to the coastal Swedes.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[28] From 1348, a letter of protection from Bishop Hemming and the Head of the Castle of Turku is known, designed to protect the colonists of the Gulf of Bothnia coast against the Finns.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[26] Traces of conflict also remained until later times.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The mayor of Helsinki, Anders Larsson Ehredt, wrote to Peter Brahe in 1639 that Helsinki's name was not allowed to be changed at the time of the transfer of the city because the name was “a reminder of the victorious arms of our ancestors.”


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[29] After the Crusader period Around 1300, parts of the Swedish Empire and the Archdiocese of Uppsala, which were governed from the castles of Turku, Häme and Vyborg, had begun to enter the territory of present-day Western and Southern Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Castles built to consolidate the rule of the King of Sweden were centres of Crown administration in the Middle Ages and important tools for retaining power.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The administrative unit that surrounded the castle was referred to as the Castle Sounds.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At the same time, the Christian population was being phased from Sweden to the Finnish coast.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Käkisalmi region and Ladoga Karelia, meanwhile, maintained ties with Orthodox northwestern Russia and Novgorod.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The clash between Catholic and Orthodox cultural circles therefore took place off Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Peace of Nut Island, concluded in 1323, was the first peace treaty between Sweden and Novgorod.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It also defined the eastern border between the Swedish Empire and Finland, at least for Karelia.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Ownership of Northern Finland remained vague.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, within the 14th century, Sweden annexed a Finnish settlement on the northern Ostrobothnia coast.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedes still in the 14th century did not commonly refer to Finland or Finland as Finland, although these designations had been in use for a long time.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For example, the first chronicle of Novgor speaks of Finns (sum) and runestones speak of Vikings who died in Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The name Finland had meant, and for a long time, meant the present province of Southwest Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For this reason, the Swedes used the wider area of southern Finland from about 1350 to 1470 to the name Österland, or “Italia”.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Prior to this, the regions were spoken in plural eastern countries.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[6] Finland, as part of the Kingdom of Sweden in the Middle Ages, Finland was part of the historical provinces of Finland, Southwest Finland and Satakunta belonged to the central region of the Swedish Empire and they retained their connections with Scandinavia that had already arisen in prehistoric times.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In southwestern Finland, Häme, the Karelian Isthmus and Southern Savo there were permanent settlements based on farming, which gradually became denser and spread over a wider area.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The spread and consolidation of settlements in central and northern Ostrobothnia was one of the most significant settlement-historical phenomena in medieval Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition, there were fresh Swedish-speaking settlements in Åland, the Turunmaa archipelago and the coastal regions of Ostrobothnia and Uusimaa.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Middle Ages, rural peasants were by far the largest population group in Finland.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Much of the area of present-day Finland was still wilderness in the Middle Ages, where Satakunese, Hälite and Karelian wildernesses were camping, inhabited by a population called the Lappans, at least part of the Sámi speaking population.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Wilderness areas were not among the territories of any realm except in theory at most.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the early stages of Swedish rule, administrative documents were often written in Latin, emphasizing the role of clergy in secular governance as well.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The use of Swedish increased as a written administrative language as the 14th century wore on.


Question: In what year is the Turku Peace Agreement written?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In urban local government, especially with regard to international relations, German was also widely used.