Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Attempts were made to curb the spread of “terrible poison” to humans by karskiotic, but probably at least to some extent effective methods: medicine in the 1860s recommended burning the clothes of a person who had been bitten by a dog because of the foam or drool left in them. dangerous to touch.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The wound came to be cleaned and contaminated blood sucked out the cupping horn, and the doctor could burn the wound using calyx, or potassium hydroxide.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

If the infection did spread, there was nothing to be done about the situation.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Authorities The dog tax was introduced at the end of the 19th century specifically to reduce the risk of rabies; even earlier regulations for keeping dogs coupled and muzzle-coping had been issued.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The spread of rabies was also tried to be curbed by the appointment of special officers, ranchers, to take care of the apprehension and euthanization of detached cats and dogs.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Treatment of Pasteur in Finland in the 1880s knowledge of the new, effective treatment spread to Finland, and in 1886 a Finnish doctor travelled with his rabid patients to France to seek help from the famous Pasteur.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

All six patients were successfully rescued.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In the same year, the local Pasteur Institute was opened in Saint Petersburg, where Finnish patients henceforth sought help for their infections.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Its own Pasteur facility was established in Finland in 1916.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

There was a need, as during the First World War rabies cases increased considerably.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

However, due to effective treatment, deaths were almost completely prevented, and at the end of the 1920s, vaccination of dogs was also started.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In the post-war period rabies from Finland managed to eradicate rabies in the 1930s, although in the 1950s the disease occurred quite a lot in borderline dogs.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

For decades, human rabid deaths were managed to completely prevent.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In 1985, a Swiss bat researcher died of rabies while in Finland.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The infection was initially suspected to have originated in Switzerland, but subsequent studies have established that the type of virus was a species found in Finland.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

[5] This was confirmed when, in autumn 2009, a bat, was first found in Kakskerra in Turku, Finland, with rabies.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

There are types one and two of the virus, and Twice's bat had the same type two as the researcher.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

It just doesn't exist in Central Europe, where type one is more common.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Investigations have resumed in 2010.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

[6] [7] In the late 1980s, an epidemic of rabies spread with wildlife in the southeastern frontier region, which, however, through the vigorous grips of the authorities, including extensive vaccination and immunoglobulin treatment of suspected infected persons, was recovered without human sacrifice.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In 2003, the disease was diagnosed as rabies in a horse imported from Estonia.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

This time, too, survived without human sacrifice.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In 2007, a case of rabies was reported from Helsinki University Central Hospital in August, in which the patient, a middle-aged Filipino man, had been infected from abroad and the illness itself was at an advanced stage.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

About a week later, it was announced that the infected had died from the disease.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

He had travelled in European and Asian countries until he sought treatment in Finland when symptoms of the disease broke out.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

He had not applied for a vaccination that would have prevented the outbreak and perishing from it.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In November 2007, another case of rabies was also diagnosed when a puppy imported from Estonia was diagnosed with rabies.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The dog had been imported from India with incomplete documents.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The vet euthanized the dog because it was considered unfit.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Today, unstable conditions in Russia are also disrupting the country's gamekeeper and veterinary activities, which has also led to an increased risk of rabies in Finland.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In recent years, efforts have been made to prevent the disease together with the Russian authorities.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The main means of prevention is spreading baits containing the rabies vaccine into the wild to stop infections spreading among foxes and raccoon dogs.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In other animals in veterinary medicine, a disease called rabies or rabies is used.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Around the world, rabies are most often carried by bats, raccoons, skunks and foxes.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In unvaccinated dogs, especially stray dogs, there is a high risk of rabies.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In India, 20,000 people die from rabies largely due to stray dogs, which accounts for about 36% of all rabies deaths worldwide.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

[8] In animals, the development of rabies follows three stages: [9] The initial stage, which includes, among other things, loss of appetite and other symptoms anticipating illness.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The second stage, which lasts from two to four days.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In this case, the animal is most often aggressive and unpredictable.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The stage involves fear states and anxiety, whereby “the animal tends to bite all animals and humans”, [5] from which the disease designation rabies also comes from.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The last, the so-called paralytic stage, is a condition in which the animal develops symptoms of paralysis.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Paralysis of the larynx quickly leads to so-called rabies, since swallowing fluids is difficult and by their time in the “wrong throat” a feeling of suffocation is caused.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

[5] Foaming at the mouth is also one of the symptoms of the stage.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

[9] The paralytic stage lasts two to four days [9] and eventually leads to death.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Infected animals, with their symptoms, are unable to prey in the traditional way, and therefore often come to collect food near human settlements and try to catch domesticated domestic animals.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The infected animal will not begin to be treated, but will be euthanized and examined.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

People who have contact with the animal will be examined and vaccinated as needed.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Vaccine recommendations vary depending on the disease situation.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Rabies is resisted in animals by vaccination.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The vaccine is usually given in conjunction with other vaccines and the vaccine compulsory applies to exhibition and competition activities.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

The animal must also have a valid vaccine during trips abroad.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Regulations when travelling to different countries vary and may change as the disease situation changes.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

When travelling abroad with a dog, cat or ferret, the animal must have a so-called pet passport, on which vaccinations and other health information are indicated.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Even if a dog or cat does not participate in exhibitions, it has reason to have a vaccination.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Only vaccination will prevent the spread of the disease.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In other animal species, vaccination practices vary, and the situation is assessed according to the risk of infection.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In Finland, grazing animals can be vaccinated if their pastures are restricted to forested areas and rabies are present in the area.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Imported horses from the Baltic states may have rabies vaccinations due to the presence of rabies in wildlife in the region.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

In Finland and many other countries, efforts are being made to prevent the spread of rabies by spreading bait vaccines across the terrain.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Bait vaccines are capsules containing a vaccine, and when a raccoon dog, fox or other predator bites it sulfur, it gets the vaccine.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Bait vaccines are applied from airplane to terrain almost annually.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

If you find one in the terrain, they should not be touched so as not to catch human odor.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

If a dog bites one, there's no danger of it.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

Tradition St. Hubertus has been believed to be able to cure rabies.


Question: How is rabies transmitted?

Rabies

See also Fake brain disease Sources on the topic elsewhere “Animal medicine and treatment” Sirkkola/Tauriainen, Board of Education publication, ISBN 978-952-13-3477-1 Category:Viral diseases of animals Category:Infectious diseases in dogs Category:Viral diseases Category:Zoonoses Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Gulf Oil Corporation was a major U.S. oil company founded in 1901.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Among other activities, the company was engaged in oil exploration and refining, trading in petroleum products, and a petrol station business.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

There were Gulf gas stations both in the United States and in numerous other countries, including Finland.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Gulf Oil's existence ended in 1984 when it was merged into Standard Oil of California.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

The receiving company was renamed Chevron after the merger and is today one of the largest companies in the United States.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Prior to the merger, Gulf Oil had abandoned its gas stations in Europe.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

In many countries, including Sweden and Denmark, the Gulf petrol stations passed to Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, which subsequently adopted the Q8 brand.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

In Finland, the Gulf gas stations had already moved to E-Oil and Kesoil in the 1970s.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

After the merger, the Gulf brand remained with Chevron, which used it until the early 1990s, but has turned it over to other companies.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Outside the US, the right to use the Gulf label has passed to a company called Gulf Oil International Ltd., which is part of the Indian Hinduja group.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

The company has forwarded the right to use the Gulf brand to several countries, including the Netherlands, Belgium, Britain and Sweden.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

In these countries, a network of GULF gas stations has been reborn.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

There are already more than a hundred GULF stations operating in Sweden.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Gulf gas stations in Finland Gulf lubricants became available for sale in Finland in the early 1920s, and in 1937 Gulf Oil Corporation acquired the business of Suomalainen Nafta Ltd.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

[1] Founded in 1929, Finnish Nafta was a distribution company founded by Soyuznefteexport, the Soviet oil export company, and the first company to import Soviet oil to Finland.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

[2] The Finnish Gulf Oil Company O.Y.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

was entered in the Trade Register in May 1937.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Gulf inherited a fuel supply contract for the petrol stations of Petroinin Consumerjain Oy from the company it purchased, but also serious disputes which were still going on for a long time after the wars, until Gasoline Consumersjain Oy (later Union) replaced Oy Trustifree Petroini AB as its supplier.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

In the early 1950s, Gulf was the third largest gasoline dealer in Finland.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

[1] By entering the 1960s Gulf had established itself as a medium-sized oil company in Finland and in 1963 the company shortened its name to Oy Gulf Oil Ab.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

At the same time, Gulf, like other oil companies, expanded its network of gas stations with so-called type stations.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

To counterbalance the rapidly dilapidating prefabricated stations, Gulf began building gas stations made of reinforced plastic designed by architect Matti Suuronen in the late 1960s.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

One such has been preserved along the former Highway 3, the current sub-road 130 in Lempäälä.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Gulf's client magazine was Gulf-News.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

[1] In 1967, Gulf lost its largest fuel oil customer when the Central Cooperative Purveyor acquired a majority share of Union, a rival oil company, and became Neste's wholesale customer.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Gulf's situation in Finland was not helped either by the fact that the oil company's products achieved handsome automotive profits worldwide, but, on the contrary, the company's share of the Finnish fuel market became thinner.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Eventually, in February 1973, Neste bought Oy Gulf Oil AB, which had been mired in poor condition, and distributed its 199 filling stations to its half-owned E-oils and Kesoil.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

However, a few Gulf entrepreneurs who owned their stations protested by switching to other oil companies.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

[1] In Finland, the right to use the Gulf brand is now owned by Us-Parts Finn-Am, which continues to license the brand to independent service station entrepreneurs as of 2008.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Fuel for the GULF stations is supplied by SEO.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

[3] The first new GULF gas station was a boat station located in the Merisport of Helsinki.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

As of August 2014, the number of GULF gas stations reached ten.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Five of them were boat stations.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

[4] Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When is Gulf founded?

Gulf Oil

Category:Gas stations Category:Service station chains operating in Finland Category:US oil companies


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

Richard is a male given name.


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

There is also an established Finnish almanac name Riku from the name Richard.


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

Richard's name day is celebrated on 7 February, the day of remembrance of the Anglo-Saxon king Richard the Pilgrim ().


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

[1] In the Finnish-Swedish calendar, the name appears on the same day in the form Rikard.


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

In Finland, the name Richard has been given to 7122 people from the beginning of the 20th century by the end of 2009.


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

[2] Among the kings of England whose original name was Richard, the name form Richard is used in Finnish.


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

Origin The root of the name probably dates back to the Ancient English name Richeard, whose initial rice means “to rule”, and the remainder hard means “hard”.


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

So Richard means a fierce ruler.


Question: What was Richard I's nickname?

Richard

[1] Known Richards and Ricards Kings of England Richard I the Lionmieli (), reigned 1189—1199 Richard II, reigned 1377—1399 Richard III, reigned 1483—1485 Other Rikard Lindroos, Finnish footballer Richard Lumberg, Finnish boxer Richard Mäkinen, Finnish composer, cantor-organist and music teacher Rikard Nordraak, Norwegian composer Rikard Nordstrøm, Danish gymnast Rikard Norling, Swedish football coach Rikhard Plantagenet, English Prince of the House of York in the 15th century , Finnish sculptor and painter Richard Ruth, Finnish journalist, detective and science fiction writer Richard Sotamaa, Finnish physician and medical advisor, Urho Kekkonen's personal doctor Rikhard Vilkman, Finnish ice surgeon See also Ricardo Fictional Richards Richard the Duckmind, Scrooge the ancestor of the duck in Carl Barks comic The Secret of the Old Castle Sources Category:First names


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charity means helping others without primarily involving self-interest.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charities can target subjects such as children, the elderly, the disabled and sick, sports and physical activity, the arts, science, animals, the environment or national defence.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charity is practiced through volunteer work and donations, among other things.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Defining Charity Charity has been an integral part of the history of Western civilization throughout its existence.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

References to donation and charity can be found in the Bible as well as ancient history.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The purpose of donating is to safeguard the well-being, happiness and social balance of all members of the community.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charity can historically be divided into two strong groups, the first being to facilitate the life situation of those closest to them in a situation of need.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The term “charity”, which is close to altruism in English, refers to compassion, love of fellow man, and selflessness.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Aid was historically directed to help the underprivileged in their own community, but with globalization, collection sites have been accompanied by international disaster relief.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In the 1870s, the Finnish Red Cross collected an international destination for the first time: the Russian starving people and the victims of the Turkish war.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Modern philanthropy and its organisations emerged in the heavily industrialising Britain of the 19th century, where intense and partly uncontrolled urbanisation caused poverty, unemployment, poor living conditions and other social problems.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

It was common, for example, to build schools and hospitals for the poor and other aid to the poor.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[1] Charity is not aimed solely at other people.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

From an early age, animal protection became one established object of philanthropy.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Nor can support environmentalism be seen solely as building better habitat for humans.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Another classic branch of philanthropy concerns support for science and the arts.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In parallel with serving as a mesenatee for underprivileged students and artists, significant cultural institutions have been built through endowment funds.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The earliest collections carried out in Finland in this field have been the Pension Fund for Writers and Artists, and the Finnish Theatre, both in the 1870s.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The many philanthropic projects of the late 19th and early 20th centuries involved political intentions e.g.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

in the form of fostering Finnishness.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

At the time of its independence, Finland had a strong tradition of philanthropy, as evidenced by numerous collections, charitable events, lotteries, and individual large donations and philanthropists.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

With the Second World War and subsequent rebuilding, the image of philanthropy also changed.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The role of state and predominance in funding many cultural projects, social projects and civic activities built on the generosity of civil society in the past was strengthened.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

With the narrowing of income disparities, the pool of citizens who had the potential to make truly significant donations also contracted.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

However, the economic recession of the end of the last millennium and subsequent economic development changed the situation.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

With the rebalancing of public finances, the opportunities for society to increase the funding of non-profit organisations were exhausted.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In addition to traditional charities, many new entities turned to citizens and businesses; universities, museums, art institutions, hospitals, whose funding had rested almost exclusively on government budget funding in decades past.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

At the same time, a group of “neo-rich” emerged with the potential and willingness to support targets they perceive as good.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Religious Background Charity is the central virtue of most power religions.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In Christianity, the three virtues mentioned by the Bible are often translated as faith-hope-love, but the third virtue (agapê, caritas) can also be translated as charity or love of fellow man.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In Christianity, it is thought that Christ appears in man as agapê love and this is one of the starker cornerstones of Christian life.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[2] Giving tithes for merit is Christian folklore.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Still, many parishes still have the practice of paying tithes and much of this is spent directly on charitable work.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Even in the early parishes there was a deacon helping the underprivileged.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Today, the deacon is considered by Finns to be the most prestigious function of the Church in its job description.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[3] Many Christian organisations such as the Church Foreign Aid, Fida and the Finnish Missionary Society are major development organizations, and the Church's Foreign Aid is actually the largest in all of Finland and the second largest donor of humanitarian aid.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[4] Christian missionaries have often been the first helpers in poor countries.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Finnish missionaries have done valuable work in places such as Namibia, where several schools and hospitals were established.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[5] [6] Similarly, in social and health care, Christian organizations are well represented, for example in Finland the Salvation Army and the Deaconess Institution.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Almost all bread queue grants in Finland are maintained by congregations or organisations based on Christian values, such as Veikko and Lahti Hurst's food aid in Helsinki.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[7] In the Muslim faith, especially Sunni Muslims, the giving of alms, zakat, is an important part of the practice of religion.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The Buddhist way of life involves showing compassion for all sentient beings.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In the thinking of the Dalai Lama, this is reflected most strongly in the Buddhist tradition.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In Buddhism, there is a belief in karma, where good deeds bring blessings to man.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[8] [9] The same idea of good deeds leading to success in a person's life holds strongly in Christendom, for example, Calvinism.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Paul says in the Bible, “Whatever man sows, he also reaps.”


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[10] This has strongly influenced the Anglo-American tradition of philanthropy.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Why do people donate The question of why people donate has dogged philosophers and economists alike throughout history.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

There has been a debate between altruistic thinking that emphasizes altruism and Darwinist thinking that emphasizes self-interest.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In altruistic thinking, we have a special “altruism gene” in all of us.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

An innate, but individually variable need to help others.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

To counterbalance altruism, economists in particular have developed theories in which donation is no longer seen as unilateral giving but as bartering.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The “common good” theory is that donating to activities of general interest benefits all of us who thus enjoy better health care, recreational opportunities, art experiences and a more stable society.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

On the other hand, the theory allows so-called free travel, enjoying all of the above benefits without participating in the charity itself.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

This should, according to general economic theories, reduce people's willingness to donate.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The second theory can be called, say, “barter”.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

According to it, donors receive personal benefits or privileges for themselves through their donations.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Donors can receive benefits in their own taxation.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

They get in on the high society or their names can be engraved on a copper slab wrong with a hospital door.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

With philanthropy, the donor's social status rises.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The third phenomenon of the so-called “warm glow” highlights the psychological impact of donating.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

People are doing well when they donate to charity and the more they give, the better they are.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Although the existence of the warm glow phenomenon has been acknowledged by modern economists, the question still remains open as to why it happens and how the effect of the phenomenon is measurable or observable.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[11] In his book Asking Properly (1995), George Smith, in his book Asking Properly (1995), summarized the motivations for donating as follows: worrying guilt personal relationship with the object of the donation desire to be involved in achieving something immortal desire to belong to some group desire to be seen as a good person Various forms of charity Private people can participate in charity by donating either money, goods, time (volunteering) or their own prestige (the right to use the name).


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Monetary Donations The most typical way to contribute to charity is to donate money randomly to various collections.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Methods of collection encountered by an individual citizen may include chest of drawers, a colander, list collections, collection letters, special paid phone numbers, and SMS messages.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The authorisation of the authorities is always required to implement the collection of money.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Donors sometimes want to commit themselves to regular support of their chosen destinations.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

A commonly used method is to issue a direct debit power of attorney, for example, for a once-a-month donation.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In terms of donation recipients, committed backers are more profitable than one-time donors.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The collection costs will be lower and the annual accumulation will be higher.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Monthly subsidies are also based on feissaus, which has recently become widespread.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Some donors are willing to support their chosen target for a more significant amount, even a donation of hundreds of thousands of euros or millions.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Known as the second richest man in the world, Warren Buffett donated $37 billion to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in the summer of 2006.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Maria Lival-Lindström, Master of Psychology, donated €1 million to university funds to promote mental health of university students in the metropolitan area in the summer of 2005.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Financial magazine Forbes listed 2009 as the most donated to charity.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Number one was Microsoft billionaire Bill Gates, who had donated 19.3 billion euros.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Trailing behind Gates came currency speculator George Soros ($5.07 billion.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

euros), Intel billionaire Gordon Moore (4.77 billion billion)


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Euros) and major investor Warren Buffett (4.68 billion billion.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Euros).


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[12] Bequests Established charities also regularly receive bequests, although there is no established tradition in Finland in this regard.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Along with those who have donated long in the past, a significant proportion of bequests come from new donors.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Bequests are normally marketed to solicitors and other entities associated with asset management firms, with whom wills and property are usually discussed.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Lottery Participation in the lottery is one traditional way to participate in charitable activities.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In Finland, the exclusive right to lotteries that distribute cash winnings is in Veikkaus.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Its proceeds are distributed in the form of grants to public utility activities.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Non-profit entities may hold merchandise lotteries (merchandise lottery, merchandise win vending machines, guess contests, and bingo games).


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Lottery enforcement is a licence-free activity.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charitable products Charities also offer a variety of products, which by purchasing it is possible to support their activities.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Some organisations even have their own shops where products are sold.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Japanese slippers brand Onitsuka Tiger launched slippers in 1995 commemorating every dead person from an earthquake in the city with a small symbol.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Proceeds were promised to give to earthquake victims.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[13] Charity products are made by traditional clothing companies as well as charities whose products are highly branded.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In Finland, Paola Suhonen has designed T-shirts for Amnesty.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Many charity products have been made in the mid-2000s for the RED project to Africa started by U2's Bono, as well as the Roosa ribbon project related to breast cancer.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[13] Events Various charity events; concerts, auctions and the like are often also very popular.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Volunteering An alternative to financial support is to make your own time and work contribution available to charities.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Handing over name and prestige Public figures and other persons in a prestige position may also contribute to the charity by making their own name, image and prestige available to the charity.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

A respected person may serve as chairman of the organization's board of directors and a public figure may hand over their image for use in marketing material for the collection campaign.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

For example, Kummit in children's clinics has successfully used this method.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charity and Tax Relief Charity is often accompanied by the possibility of receiving tax relief.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In most Western countries there is such a practice, but in Finland the possibility of receiving tax breaks is limited to a minimum.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Individuals in Finland have not had the opportunity to deduct donations in their own taxation.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Only companies can make such a reduction after 1989.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Article 57 of the Income Tax Act (TVL, 1535/1992) allows companies to deduct their income; (1) a donation of at least EUR 850 made for the purpose of promoting the preservation of Finnish cultural heritage to a Finnish state, a Finnish university or higher education institution or to such to a Finnish association designated by the Board of Revenue], an institution or foundation whose actual purpose is to preserve Finnish cultural heritage and (2) a monetary donation of at least EUR 850 and not more than EUR 25 000 made for the promotion of science or art for the purpose of the Finnish State, a Finnish university or higher education institution or a Finnish association, institution or foundation designated by the Tax Board whose actual purpose is to support science or art.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In addition, according to the Tax Board's harmonisation guidance, a monetary or object donation of little value to a public interest and at the same time local or close to the business may be considered a public relations expenditure which is deductible for taxation purposes.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Such a donation can be a maximum of 850 euros.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The extension and extension of the right to deduct donations to individuals has also been proposed from a number of parties.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In late 2006, the Economic Delegation EVA published a report [14].


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The Church's foreign aid, the Finnish Red Cross and the Finnish UNICEF association also took an initiative in the summer of 2006 [15] to extend the right to deduct tax.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charity and corporations Corporations say their donations are more the activities of an awakened corporate citizen than altruistic philanthropy.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Donations and projects are talked about as an investment in society.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Public interest activities are part of corporate social responsibility thinking, which became important in all enterprises in the late 1990s.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Back then, corporate ethical image began to be taken care of thanks to consumer boycotts, so at least big corporations tend to have some sort of social responsibility program.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[13] Sponsorship Sponsorship differs from donations.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Sponsorship is not about pure philanthropy but about renting the image of a public interest community or event.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The entity seeks to raise funds for its operations and the sponsor company seeks to shape its own corporate image and promote the sale of its products.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Sponsor wagering is usually money, sometimes including goods and services or participation in marketing Several companies are willing to invest significantly larger sums in sponsorship agreements than in mere donations.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Unlike donations, sponsorship is a tax-deductible item for corporations as a whole.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

However, sponsorship agreements are only possible for as long as the business is viable for the company.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Cause Related Marketing Many big utility collaborations have entered into agreements to support the marketing of various products.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The operating model is referred to by the term Cause Related Marketing (CRM).


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

While the operating model may generate significant amounts of assistance and make the name of the community known even in the eyes of millions of consumers, the same approach can also be used at local level.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Commercial promotions may involve various cooperation agreements Credit cards with which a few of the purchases made to the prom go to charity (Affinity credit card) Donating loyalty points to charity Competitions Logo royalties Paid phone lines What is common to all of the above is that they provide an opportunity to raise funds for a community or project from a brand new audience, but require working with the company to meet their marketing goals.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

This cooperation will benefit both the community of general interest and the commercial party.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Staff participation in charity Some companies offer their staff the opportunity to devote a certain portion of their working time to charity work.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

An example of such an operating model is Nokia's Helping Hands program.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Nokia employees can spend between one and two working days on charity work each year.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Goods Donations Grocers occasionally hand over foods at the end of their operating time for distribution.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Swedish clothing manufacturer Gant is also giving away surplus clothing to charity.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Organisations Charities combine the opportunity for other people to donate money and the opportunity for others to give their time.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In them, typically unpaid or low-wage employees engage in philanthropy and raise money from donors for this basic activity.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Typical destinations run by charities have included orphanages, hospitals, hospices and, as modes of operation, also support the elderly, prisoners and the long-term ill.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

One of the best known charitable and aid organisations based on voluntary activities is the Red Cross.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charity in different countries Finland Finland works, stunts, organising events, working in social welfare and sports clubs, nature conservation, fundraising and other unpaid work is the most important way of philanthropy.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[16] Approximately three quarters of Finns participate in charitable activities in some way, according to a survey commissioned by the organisations Economic Research 2017.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In Finland, common charitable activities include working in animal shelters, bread queues, parishes or environmental organisations, as friends with immigrants or the elderly, or working with homeless people, mental health rehabilitators and disabled people.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

SPR runs first aid courses and blood donation sessions.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Many participate in development cooperation in various projects.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Various programs are designed for young people to work in developing countries, such as World Exchange.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Most activities are organised by NGOs, but the state supports various organisations each year for hundreds of millions of euros.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The largest grants are received by social and health care organisations.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

According to various studies, 29—37% of Finns regularly volunteer for an average of 18 hours per month, equivalent to 80,000 man-years.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Voluntary work has been calculated at EUR 2 billion. The most commonly volunteering is carried out by people aged 35 to 54, highly skilled and working people.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[17] Finland has the largest number of organisations in the world in terms of population.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Living in the close-knit village communities of agrarian society is a major reason for this.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

There has been a great reliance on other people and there has been a strong sense of community.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The Lutheran faith has necessitated helping the underprivileged.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[18] One third of Finns donate sporadically and almost a fifth regularly donate money to one or more organisations.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

There is also participation in church collections and contributes in non-monetary terms, for example through donations of goods.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[19] According to the House survey, Finnish charities raised almost EUR 300 million in donations from individuals, companies and entities, of which the ten largest organizations accounted for 139 million in fundraising terms.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The Finns attach great importance to the reliability of the donated organization.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[20] According to the World Giving Index, a 2017 study of the geography of philanthropy by the British Charities Aid Foundation, philanthropy is concentrated in three areas in particular in the world: 1) the developed and capitalist north of Reformed Christians, such as Countries inhabited by Calvinists and Lutherans, such as the United States, Canada, Britain, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries, as well as Australia and New Zealand (2) the southern and central African countries, mainly populated by Reformed Christians, such as Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa, where hospitality has always been part of the local indigenous culture as well as 3) Asian Buddhist countries such as Nepal, Mongolia, Bhutan and Thailand.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In Buddhist culture, the importance of compassion has always been emphasized.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Most successful in the study was Buddhist Myanmar, though it was done before the refugee wave of Rohingya Muslims from the country to Bangladesh.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Some Muslim countries such as Libya, the UAE and Indonesia also proved willing to help in the investigation.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The least philanthropic activity occurs in current or former socialist countries such as China, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Venezuela, according to the study, perhaps due to acclimatization to the prominent role of the state as a helper.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

There is also less charity in Catholic countries in Europe, excluding France and Spain, as well as South America.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Likewise in South Asia and several Muslim countries.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In poor areas, people's desire to help is often reduced by the dearth of their own resources and the difficulty of coping in their own daily lives.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

However, there are several exceptions, such as the African countries and Buddhist regions mentioned.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Prosperity, however, clearly increases philanthropy.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In Reformed countries, where Calvinism and Lutheranism are the major religions, conviction requires helping the poor and weak.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

In heavily capitalist countries like the U.S. and Britain, government assistance is scarce and aid work often lies on the third sector.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The largest donor of development aid in the world is the United States.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The study took into account three indicators: 1) donating money to charity 2) time spent volunteering, and 3) helping someone you don't know.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[21] [22] [23] The 10 most successful countries based on World Giving Index were 1) Myanmar 2) Indonesia 3) Kenya 4) New Zealand 5) USA 6) Australia 7) Canada 8) Ireland 9) UAE 10) Netherlands New technology in the service of philanthropy With the development of digital telephone technology at the end of the 20th century, it became possible to donate money only by calling a number opened for the purpose of assistance.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Aid sites were opened on the World Wide Web since the 1990s.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

For example, The Hunger Site, which relies on the most famous charity sites, collected 65.7 million portions of food in 2009, including 60.3 million by button clicks and 5.4 million by charity purchases [24].


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

The increasing prevalence of the Internet has also made it possible to donate computing power from computers to various public interest computing projects that seek to benefit humanity by accelerating developments in medicine, for example.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Among other things, the Finnish Cancer Society has donated calculation time to the World Community Grid's cancer research project and encouraged its members to do the same.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

[25] [26] Literature Bill Clinton: Given: how can each of us change the world?


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

(Giving: how each of us can change the world) 2007.


Question: Is Red Cross activities chargeable?

philanthropic

Charles & Elizabeth Handy: The New Philanthrops (2006) See also Lottery Boxing Day Money Raising Sponsorship Taksvärkki Election Collections Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

Piaffe is a dressage movement originally developed for warfare purposes.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

Today, piaffe is presented in Intermediaire and Gran Prix-class dressage competitions.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

Piaffe's intention is to present the highest possible degree of compilation while giving the impression of standing still.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

In Piaffe, the horse moves tactfully with regular trotting steps in place so that especially the movement of the front legs is high.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

The jointing phase of the trot should remain and the drool feel should remain light.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

Moving a horse slightly backwards, cross-stepping front legs or swaying a horse is considered a serious error in the review.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

The busyness of the steps, the uneven height, or the lack of a resting phase characteristic of piaffe, are dismissive errors.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

In dressage programs, piaffe is passed through passage.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

The horse should maintain the tempo of the movement as well as the drool feel unchanged during the transition.


Question: Who has developed dressage?

Piaffe

Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Category:Dressage


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Holy German-Roman Empire ((H.R.R.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

),,) was a central European kingdom in the Middle Ages.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The concept of the First Reich () denotes this Empire.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Its basis was the Kingdom created by the dissolution of the Frankish Empire in the Treaty of Verdun (843), later united by the Roman Empire.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Formally, the Empire survived until 1806.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The name, extent and structure of the kingdom have varied over the centuries.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The name Lands under Emperor Konrad II were called the Roman Empire in 1034, Holy Empire in 1157, and Holy Roman Empire in 1254, initially with the Latin epithet Sacrum ('blessed') and later in German as Heilig ('holy/blessed').


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[1] Emperor Otto II was the first from whom the name Roman Emperor was used.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The denomination Holy German-Roman Empire dates back to 1512, when it appeared in the form of the “Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation” (Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation).


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Nature of the Empire Empire was a unique institution in the history of the world, and understanding its nature is tricky.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

It is easier to present what the Empire was not than to define it: It was never a nation-state.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Although most of the rulers and inhabitants were of Germanic origin, non-Germanic languages were also spoken in its territory.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

At the time of the kingdom's heyday, it included parts of present-day Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, the Czech Republic, eastern France, northern Italy and western Poland.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Some of the time, however, it was more like a lax kingdom.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Empire had its own central government and was strongly united by Christianity.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Pope crowned the King of Germany as Emperor until 1508.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Structure and institutions from the 12th century onwards, the Empire was shaped by the efforts of local, largely independent princes to transfer the emperor's power to themselves.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Kings (emperors) repeatedly gave concessions to princes (dukes, counts, etc.) to confirm their own choice or to gain support for their endeavors.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

At the same time, the kingdom dispersed into even smaller units.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The process ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The crowning of Charles the Great as emperor at Christmas 800 by King Pope of Germany was an example for later kings.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Charles the Great had beaten the langobards and the Roman townspeople who had opposed the Pope, which prompted the Empire's role as patron of the Church.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[2] Becoming Emperor required becoming King of Germany.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The German king was perpetually elected.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In the 8th century, the selection was carried out by the dukes of the five tribes (Franks, Saxons, Bavarians, Svaabs and Thuringians).


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In 1356, the group of princes carrying out the election was formalized, which initially included seven Electors (Kurfürst), but later the number slightly changed.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Until 1508, the elected king had to travel to Rome, where the pope crowned him emperor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[3] The emperor could never legislate and rule alone.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

His power was limited by local princes.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Towards the end of the 15th century, the Reich Days (Reichstag) were established, which only became established in 1663.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Regions The kingdom was divided into counties corresponding to the states, free cities, ecclesiastical principalities and other similar territories.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The fiefdom of Reichslehen was directly obtained from the emperor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

These territories included territories ruled by princes and dukes.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The rulers of territories under the Empire were not allowed to declare themselves kings (Bohemia formed the only exception in the Middle Ages).


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Ecclesiastical territories included dioceses headed by a bishop or prince-bishop, and imperial monasteries.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Imperial Free Cities were cities with a self-government similar to that of other parts of the empire.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The number of different principalities was quite large.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The size of most of them wasn't more than a few square miles.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Nor did the territories constitute unified territories surrounded by borders; instead, the realms and princes' holdings could be located scattered, long distances apart.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In the Peace of Westphalia, the number of different principalities rose to several hundred.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Reich Days In the New Age, the Reichstag was the law-making body of the Empire, including both secular rulers and representatives of the church.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

For a long time in the Middle Ages, kingdom days met irregularly at the invitation of the monarch.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Meetings whose participant was not as exalted are called court days (Hoftag).


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

However, the expressions are modern, and no such clear distinction was made in the Middle Ages.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Medieval Reich Days also had no legislative function.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

History of the Frankish Empire investing feud Otto I the Great is estimated to have founded the German-Roman Empire no later than 962.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Although some consider the Empire to have got its bud in 800 from the crowning of Charles the Great as Emperor of the Romans, Charles the Great himself used the title “King of the Franks”.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The title also indicates that the Frankish Empire covered an area that included both present-day France and Germany.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Most historians consider the genesis of the Empire to have been a process that began with the Treaty of Verdun in 843.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The ruler of the eastern part became Louis the German, followed by more rulers until Louis IV, who was the last representative of the Carolingian family in Germany.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Konrad I, followed by Henry I of Saxony, was chosen as his successor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Henry I concluded a treaty with Charles the Simple, king of the West Franks, in which the independence of Henry I's Kingdom was guaranteed.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

On Charles's death, Henry I annexed Frankish Lothringen into his kingdom.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In 933, Henry I repelled the invasions of the Madyars who had continuously sought the country.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[4] Henry I's son Otto I the Great became king in 936 when he crowned himself at Aachen as Germany's first Emperor and later in 962 he was also crowned by the Pope.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Otto had gained most of his power by conquering Bohemia in 950 and beating the Hungarians at Lechfeld Field in 955.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

To unify the kingdom, Otto I the Great gave Bavaria to his brother Henry and Swaben to his son Liudolf.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Otto I the Great married Adelheid Burgundian, the widow of the king of the Kingdom of Burgundy and Italy, and thus gained possession of the Kingdom.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[5] Otto I the Great warred in Italy against the langobards and Byzantium, whose intervals his son Otto II sought to improve upon his ascension to the throne in 973.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Otto II was mired in a power struggle with his cousin Duke Henry of Bavaria and the Slavic revolt of 983 resulted in the loss of the rear territories of the Elbe.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Otto II died in the same year and his sons Otto III's regent Adelheid and Theophano were forced to defend themselves against Henry.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[5] Otto III died young in 1002 and was succeeded all the time by Henry II the Holy, the son of Henry II of Bavaria, who pursued power.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Henry II the Holy died childless in 1024.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[5] After him became emperor, Duke Konrad II of Franconia, who was succeeded by Henry III in 1039.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

He was a reformist and supported the reformist popes Clement II and Leo IX, which backfired as church power grew past the emperor's rule.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[6] Henry III's son Henry IV succeeded his father in 1056.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

He relied on his fiefdom lords and the strengthening bourgeoisie, and declared Pope Gregory VII excommunicated.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The pope in turn declared the emperor to be put.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The pope removed the collar after a year after Henry IV publicly repented.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

During the Panna period, the duchies had begun to revolt, and Henry IV overthrew the rebelling dukes in 1080.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

However, opposition to the emperor grew and was eventually deposed by his own son Henry V in 1105.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[7] From the 12th century onwards, German emperors considered themselves successors to the emperors of the Roman Empire based on the theory of translatio imperii.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Therefore, they used the self-designation Augustus.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In the Early Middle Ages, they did not yet call themselves Roman Emperor, so as not to provoke conflict with the Roman Emperor ruling in Constantinople.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

It was not until Konrad II adopted the title “Roman Emperor”.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

At this time, the Eastern Kingdom was not a unified Germany but a union of principalities, which remained united thanks to the personal influence of Henry the Birdman and his son Otto I the Great.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

They were also able to choose their successors themselves.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Unity broke with Henry II Saint remaining childless.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Konrad II was elected after him, but only after disagreements over the election.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The crown and princes supported the church and clergy so that power would not pass too much to the nobility, which would have decentralized the kingdom.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The church, in turn, was obliged to support the kingdom financially and militarily.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Due to the celibacy of the clergy, wealth, posts and fiefdoms could not be inherited and they reverted back to the princes and the crown.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

This protected the position of the monarch, and moreover, this had a great deal of dictum in the naming of bishops and abbots.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Church's demands for independence in the 10th century eventually led to the investment-strife that dissolved the kingdom.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[4] In the time of the House of Hohenstauf Henry V was the last Saalite emperor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

During his time with the rebelling dukes, a treaty was reached in 1121 in the Reichstag of Würzburg and disputes of investment were agreed in 1122.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[7] With the death of Henry V in 1125, Duke Lothar Supplinburgite of Saxony rose to power, allying himself with Bavaria against the Hohenstaufs of the princely line of Swabia.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Saxony and Bavaria were united by the marital trade, but upon Lothar's death in 1138 Konrad III of Swabia became King of Germany.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[8] However, he was never crowned emperor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Frederick I Barbarossa (King of Germany 1152—1190, Roman Emperor 1155—1190) was the first whose office introduced a way of calling the Empire sacred.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

During the Barbarossa period, the idea of the “Romanism” of the Empire emerged even more clearly in the spirit of the so-called 12th-century Renaissance.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Thus, the imperial assembly at Roncaglia in 1158 reintroduced imperial rights on the advice of four law scholars of the University of Bologna, quattuor doctores.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

They cited phrases of Roman law such as legis solutus (“the laws do not bind the leader”).


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Roncaglia also listed individually the royal rights, which had already been referred to since the Investment Dispute.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Royal rights (regalias) included public roads, customs duties, minting money, levying some fines, and the right to invest.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The House of Hohenstauf distributed land to its former unfree service men (ministerials,), who during the war served as soldiers of the emperor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Since then, the Ministerials formed low nobility.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Hohenstaufs hoped that these would be more loyal to the emperor than a fiefdom based, a service force formed by free men, or a church no longer controlled by the emperor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

New cities were actively established to concentrate economic power in strategic locations.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

A power struggle between the Hohenstaufs and the Welfs of the Dukes of Saxe-Bavaria divided the Empire for decades.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Konrad III ousted the Welfs from Saxony, but Frerik I restored Saxony to them.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Welfs refused to help Fredrik I this Italian war expedition and the Welfs lost Bavaria and Saxony because of this.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The infighting of the lineages only ended with the pope's intervention in the game in the early 13th century.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[9] Frederick I Barbarossa made much war in Italy against the Langobards and the Kingdom of Sicily.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

He led the Third Crusade, but drowned while en route in 1190.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[8] He was succeeded by Henry VI, who conquered the southern parts of Italy and married the heiress of Sicily, but perished so young in 1197 that he did not have time to name his successor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

A power struggle began in the Empire, and his minor son Frederick II did not rule like Sicily.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In Germany, Philip of Swaben and Otto IV competed for kingship with him.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Eventually, Frederick II prevailed, and he was crowned emperor in 1220.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[10] Fredrik brought the mythical idea of the Empire to its last peak.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

He also strengthened the Empire's dispersal tendency while staying for much of his reign outside Germany.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

He focused on creating an exceptionally modern state in Sicily, developing public services, economy, and legislation, but he ceded rights to the clergy and secular rulers that the emperor was never able to restore for himself.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

With the rise of power in the territories upon Fredrik's death in 1250, no lineage from which a new king could have come was able to impose one, and the princes elected several kings competing with each other.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The years 1246—1273 are called the interregnum.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The difficulties caused by the election of the king eventually led to the formation of the College of Electors (kurfürst).


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Its composition and modes of operation were decided in the Golden Bulla of 1356.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The development is a sign that the emperor and the kingdom were no longer the same thing.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The power of kings following the House of Hohenstaufen was also based on different things than those of earlier rulers.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In the past, the power of the emperors was based on the lands of the kingdom (Reichsgut), which always belonged to the respective emperor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

After the 13th century, the Reichsgut's importance shrank, and lands in the kingdom were given as pledge to local princes, either for money or obedience, or as prizes.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Kings from Rudolf the Habsburg onwards relied on the lands of their own family to support their power.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Unlike the lands of the kingdom, the lands of the ruler families were more united and easier to govern.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Henry VII of Luxembourg was, in 1312, the first to be crowned emperor since King Frederick II.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

After him, the power of all kings and emperors was based on their own lands.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

From this era onwards, it was also the vested interest of the king to transfer power to the territories.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In the 13th century, the management of the land also changed.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Money replaced personal duties and peasants increasingly had to pay tax on their land.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The concept of property increasingly replaced older forms of jurisdiction.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In the principalities, the owner of the land distributed justice and judgments, from which the rest of the power ensued.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

At the same time, principalities began to take shape as predecessors of modern states.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The change was fastest in areas that most corresponded to the lands of the old Germanic tribes such as Bavaria.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Reich Reform (“Reichsreform”) The legal order of the kingdom was still very unstructured in the early 15th century, although some procedures had been agreed upon.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The rules for the cooperation of the king, king's electors, and other princes in the Empire depended much on the character of each king.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

It was fatal that Sigismund Luxembourgish (king 1410, emperor 1433—1437) and Frederick III (king 1440, emperor 1452—1493) did not pay attention to the core areas of the kingdom, but remained largely on their own lands.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Without the king's presence, the importance of court days (the Hoftag, the meeting of the leading men of the kingdom) withered and the Reichstag as a legislative body did not yet exist.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The princes argued among themselves and disputes escalated into local wars at times.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

At the same time, the church was in crisis, too.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Disputes between several rival popes were not resolved until the Ecclesiastical Assembly of Konstanz of 1414—1418 and much energy of 1419 was expended in the struggle against Hussite heresy.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The middle-intentioned idea of a unified Corpus Christianum</i>in which the Pope and the Empire were the leading institutions began to crumble.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Due to major changes, much debate arose in the 15th century about the Empire itself.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The old rules no longer adequately described the structures of the time and the restoration of an earlier kingdom peace, Landfrieden</i>in, was called for.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

When Frederick III needed money from the princes to fight against Hungary and at the same time elected his son (later Maksimilian I) as king, the princes demanded greater representation as one man.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

For the first time, the meeting of Electors and other princes was called the Riksdag.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Frederick III refused to convene the Reichstag, but two years after Fredrik's death, his more conciliatory son convened it at Worms in 1495.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In Worms, the king and princes agreed on four decisions commonly referred to as the Reich Reform, the Reichsreform.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Reich Reform included actions intended to give the disintegrating Empire back a certain structure, such as imperial lands and chamber court, which in part lasted until the end of the Empire until 1806.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Reformation When Martti Luther in 1517 began the Reformation, many princes saw in it an opportunity to oppose the emperor.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Empire was fatally split in two along religious border lines.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Eastern and northern Germany and many of the major cities like Strasbourg, Frankfurt and Nuremberg became Protestant and the southern and western regions remained Catholic.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In German historiography, the era is referred to as the “period of confessionalism” (Zeitalter des Konfessionalismus).


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

After a hundred years of quarrels, the conflict turned into the Thirty Years' War (1618—1648), which devastated the Empire.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Foreign countries including France and Sweden became involved in the war and annexed significant territories of the kingdom into themselves.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, following the Peace of Westphalia, the Empire was nearing its end.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In the Peace of Westphalia, the principalities gained almost full independence, and were even allowed to independently establish alliances with third countries.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Empire was no longer just a lax union of very independent states.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Its emperors belonging to the Habsburg lineage effectively ruled only territories belonging to the so-called Habsburg Monarchy, mainly Austria, Bohemia and Hungary, but of these territories, as well as later Prussia, only some were counted as belonging to the Empire.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

In his essay on the history, customs and spirit of peoples, Voltaire mocked Germany, saying, “Neither holy, nor Roman, nor Empire”.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

[11] End of Empire The Empire officially ceased to exist on 6 August 1806 when the last Emperor, Francis II, resigned after Napoleon was beaten by Austria at the Battle of Austerlitz.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The relatives of Francis II were, until 1918, emperors of Austria.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The First Empire after German reunification in 1871, the Holy German-Roman Empire was considered the first kingdom.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

Nazi Germany considered itself the Third Reich and united itself with the restoration of the “former good times”.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

See also List of rulers of the Holy German-Roman Empire Notes Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Berndl, Hattsten, Knebel & Udelhoven| title = World history| publisher = Parragon| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-1-4054-8283-7}} References On the Topic Elsewhere by Heinrich August Winkler: Der lange Weg nach Westen, Vol.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

1: Deutsche Geschichte vom Ende des Alten Reiches bis zum Ende der Weimarer Republik.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

ISBN 3-406-46001-1, p. 5.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire by James Bryce.


Question: When was the Holy German-Roman Empire established?

Holy German-Roman Empire

ISBN 0-333-03609-3 * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Continuation War was fought between Finland and the Soviet Union from 25 June 1941 to 19 September 1944.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Continuation war was fought on the Finnish front at the same time as Germany was carrying out a widespread invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Finnish front had been divided between German and Finnish forces, with the Finns in charge of the Southern Front and the Germans for the Lapland Front.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland was not, by law, an ally of Germany, as there was no treaty of alliance.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Instead, Finland was effectively an ally of Germany, giving its territory at German disposal, subjecting its forces to Germany, and receiving arms aid from Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

At the beginning of the war, on the southern front section, Finnish troops recaptured areas lost in the Winter War and advanced across Syyr and the Leningrad defensive lines.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In December 1941, the offensive was halted and a station warfare phase that lasted more than two years began.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The northern front sections were unable to obtain the severed Muurmann track and the German forces were unable to advance on Murmansk.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive in June 1944 broke through the Finns' foremost defensive lines.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

After heavy interceptor fighting, the guns were lowered to 4—5.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Moscow Intermediate Peace was signed on 19 September 1944 and was confirmed in the Peace of Paris 1947.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The intermediate peace terms of the Continuation War included, among other things, forcing German troops out of Finland, leading to the Lapland War against Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Pre-war events The peace in Moscow, which ended the Winter War in March 1940, was not peace in the truest sense of the word.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Europe was at war and Finland remained under martial law as well.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

During peacetime, the 100000 members of the lifting crew who remained untrained were ordered to enter service and their military training in the final stages of the Winter War to increase the low perceived reserve was commenced.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Squad leaders who had rehabilitated in the Winter War were asked to remain as loyal sub-officers for the training mission.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland was targeting an internationally identified possible maximum of the population, which could be disconnected from other duties to army service, i.e. 16%.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In the case of Finland, this was considered sufficient only for the operational defence of the entire eastern border.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

General Aksel Airo had written a book on the subject after the Winter War, Honor - Motherland, in which he considered Finland's own defence possibilities superficially viewed only in the light of numbers to be almost non-existent.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Foreign countries' estimates of Finland's defence capabilities before the Winter War were based on the same criteria.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[1] Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April 1940 and quickly captured the countries.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In May, Germany invaded France.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The northern part of the country was occupied directly by Germany and the southern part was formed by the German-controlled Vichy government, which refused to continue fighting.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Britain prepared for major air battles to prevent extensive German bombardment aimed at capturing the British Isles against it.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Baltic Sea had been closed by the Soviet Union and Germany, the only free passage to the oceans for foreign trade was the troublesome and long Liinahamar route to Petsamo.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

When Germany had also occupied Northern Norway by mid-June, Finland's physical isolation was almost complete: Germany would have been able to quickly cut off Finland's last open foreign trade route to the west if it wished, [2] and the same could have been done by the Soviet Fishermen and From the central blockade.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In June 1940, following the German takeover of Denmark, Norway and finally France, the Soviet Union began pressuring Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The first demand was to recover all equipment taken away from the Karelian Isthmus and Hanko rental area.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

A stake in Petsamo's nickel mines was also called for.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In July, the Soviet Union made a demand for the demilitarization of Åland, and the right to train transport across Finnish territory to Hanko.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[2] The agreement for transit from Finland's eastern border to Hankoniemi was signed in early September.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not reduce its pressure on Finland until early spring the following year.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[3] The political climate during the intermediate peace was pressing; for example, the demonstrations and the resulting riots of the Finnish and Soviet Peace and Friendship Society and the downshooting of the Aero airliner Kaleva in the Gulf of Finland in June 1940 at the same time as the occupation of the Soviet Union The Baltic States, was perceived very strongly in Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Finland was in a tight gap in foreign policy when Norway and the Baltics were overrun, Germany and the Soviet Union were in a diplomatic state of peace with each other, and Sweden's proposed confederation with Finland in October 1940 fell into opposition from the Soviet Union and Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Red Army Staff had issued instructions to the Leningrad Military District for a new war against Finland on 18 September 1940.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The order was further refined on 25 November with the requirement to draw up an attack plan in case of a situation in which Finland would be the enemy alone.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Baltic Fleet drew up a plan to take over Åland and the forces of the Hanko base were transferred under the Leningrad Military District and its defensive direction was reversed on 12 November 1940 parallel to the mainland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In the Soviet Union, the management of Finnish affairs was transferred to the Main Administration of State Security (GUGB) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Ministry), and in addition, invasion forces began to be transferred to their grouping areas.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov visited Berlin in November to ask German leader Adolf Hitler for consent to the occupation of Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

However, as the Germans had already included Finland in their invasion plans Hitler warned the Soviet Union to stay out of Finland.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The rapprochement of Finland and Germany on 6 September 1940 Finland concluded a transit agreement with the Soviet Union for traffic to Hanko.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

In August 1940, Field Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim, Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces, received an intelligence from Germany to allow the transit of German troops from ports in the Gulf of Bothnia to Kirkenes.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

At the same time, it was announced that it was possible for Finland to buy military equipment from Germany.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Transit agreement: On 12 September, the Finnish General Staff and the German Air Force agreed to transport Luftwaffe crew and equipment through Finnish territory.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

A political agreement between the states on 22 September also allowed for transport by German land forces.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

A further increase in holiday traffic was negotiated in October.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The first troops came ashore at Vaasa on the 22nd and 26 in Oulu.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

on Sept.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[4] The ore of the Kolo River in Petsamo, Germany saw as vital to its war industry and Petsamo as an indispensable stepping stone for the invasion of Murmansk.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union, on the other hand, after the end of the Winter War, felt no interest in Petsamo's nickel reserves, nor Petsamoo as a military territory.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[5] When the German authorities were planning to integrate Scandinavia into their own economic area, Finland was also included from April 1940, even though the country was part of the Soviet Union's interest.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

[6] The situation at the nickel mine changed sharply in July 1940 with the Finnish and German I.G.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

With the agreement reached by Farbenindustrie.


Question: Why were Germany and Finland allies?

Continuation War

Negotiations had been taking place since the spring, with the deal promising Germany 60% of production.