Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a professor of philosophy?

Isaiah Berlin

with Aileen Kelly) (1978) Concepts and Categories: Philosophical Essays (1978) Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas (1979) Personal Impressions (1980) The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas (1990) The Sense of Reality: Studies in Ideas and their History (1996) The Proper Study of Mankind: An Anthology of Essays (1997) The Roots of Romanticism (1999) Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder (2000) The Power of Ideas (2000) Freedom and its Betrayal: Six Enemies of Human Liberty (2002) (expanded from Four Essays On Liberty) (2002) The Soviet Mind: Russian Culture under Communism (2004) Flourishing: Selected Letters 1928—1946 (2004) Political Ideas in the Romantic Age: Their Rise and Influence on Modern Thought (2006) Unfinished Dialogue (together with Beata with Polanowska-Sygulska) (2006) Finnish works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Karl Marx: Biography| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1968| version = (Karl Marx — his life and environment, 1939.)


Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a professor of philosophy?

Isaiah Berlin

Everyman's College 28}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Hedgehog and Fox: Thesis on Tolstoy's philosophy of history| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2004| version = (The hedgehog and the fox: An essay on Tolstoy's view of history, 1953.)


Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a professor of philosophy?

Isaiah Berlin

Translated by Hanna Tarka.


Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a professor of philosophy?

Isaiah Berlin

Cover Word by Martti Anhava Sevenstars| id = ISBN 951-1-18446-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Freedom, Humanity and History: Selection of essays | publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-662-828-1}} Sources on the topic elsewhere Reviews of Berlin's works: Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a professor of philosophy?

Isaiah Berlin

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Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a philosophy professor?

Isaiah Berlin

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a philosophy professor?

Isaiah Berlin

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a philosophy professor?

Isaiah Berlin


Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a philosophy professor?

Isaiah Berlin

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did J. Budziszewski study to become a philosophy professor?

Isaiah Berlin

Category:Historians Class:British philosophers Category:Jewish philosophers Category:Social philosophers Category:People born in 1909 Class:Persons who died in 1997 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Finnish Air Force fighter procurement 1940—1944

Fighter procurement for the Finnish Air Force refers to setting, comparing, selecting, purchasing and building the selection criteria for fighter aircraft of the Finnish Air Force between 1940 and 1944, i.e., during the Winter War and Continuation War and the intermediate peace between them.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Winter War destroyer acquisitions The ignition of the Winter War on 30 November 1939 forced Finland to attempt the acquisition of machinery from anywhere.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Eyes were directed especially towards Great Britain, France and the United States, where strong Finnish sympathy had arisen.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In realpolitik, the influences for British and French action were the undermining of Nazi Germany's scope for action.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

It was important to them that Germany did not gain control of the Baltic Sea.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Because of this, Great Britain had sought to bring closer relations with the Soviet Union and from this point of view Soviet actions in 1939 towards the Baltic states and Finland had even been desirable.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact, and especially the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, changed the situation.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In December 1939, Great Britain positioned itself to support France in separating the Soviet Union from the League of Nations.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The League of Nations, in turn, committed itself to supporting Finland's fight against the Soviet Union.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Towards the end of the Winter War, Great Britain and France planned to send a relief expedition to Norway and via Sweden to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

France had proposed the invasion of Petsamo and the aid of 20000—30000 Allied troops.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Since France did not have the resources of its own to carry out the operation the main responsibility for planning the mission was given to Great Britain.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Great Britain amended the plan of action proposed by France and made the ore fields of northern Sweden as its main objective.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Assisting Finland remained only in second place.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The purpose of the relief expedition was to occupy the ore fields of northern Sweden and thus block Swedish ore shipments to Germany.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The measure might have provoked a German war effort in northern Europe, thereby diminishing interest in France and Great Britain, a French objective in particular.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The experience of World War I had driven the United States to isolate itself, particularly from Europe and its crises.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Defence laws had been enacted in support of this isolationist policy, or isolationism, which placed military equipment under state control and prevented their delivery to warring countries.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

For Finland, shipments from the United States were long and expensive and dollar currency was scarce.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Finland's interest in purchasing arms from the United States fizzled in 1938, when Marshal Mannerheim put forward the establishment of a post of Military Attaché in the Embassy in Washington.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

This was done so that the Deputy Director of the Finnish Cellulose Society, Colonel Paavo Talvela, remained in the spring of 1939 to be used by Ambassador Hjalmar Procopé.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In December 1939, the target number of destroyer squadrons was increased to four.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[1] 30 Gladiators and 12 Hurricanes from Great Britain - Blacburn Roc remains unavailable after the Winter War started Finland requested arms and aircraft from the British Government.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, its aviation ministry was not willing to sell its newer Supermarine Spitfire and Hawker Hurricane fighters.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The War Cabinet authorized the sale of obsolete Gloster Gladiator fighters on December 5, 1939 and a week later Ambassador Gripenberg signed a contract with Gloster Aircraft Corporation for 20 Gladiators.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On December 28, 1939, Gloster announced that the machines had been tested.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

After Finland requested more aircraft, Great Britain donated ten Gladiators.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

These planes were collected from maintenance units and all planes were transported via Bergen to Malmö, where the planes were assembled and flown to Barkarby, where Finnish pilots picked up the planes to Finland from 18 January — 16 February 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were initially assigned to Air Squadron 26, which was operating at Ut.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Gripenberg also negotiated another batch of 30 Gladiators, but the machines were not obtained in Finland [2].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The needs list presented by Finland to Great Britain on 9 January 1940 included 30 or preferably 60 Supermarine Spitfire or Hawker Hurricane destroyers.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The British Air Force leadership as well as the Ministry of Aviation were against the sale of the machines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, Navy Minister Winston Churchill advocated the sale of Hurricane machines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On December 17, 1940, Ambassador Gripenberg entered into another procurement contract with Gloster, purchasing 12 Hawker Hurricane destroyers for Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Although the contract was awarded to Gloster, the machines were second-hand and refurbished RAF machines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines were tested 21—27.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

February 1940 and handed over to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were flown 25—28.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

February 1940 to Västerås via Edinburgh, Wick, Stavanger and Oslo.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

One of the planes was damaged on landing at Wick (and cashed in for the British Air Force) and one was destroyed on 28 August 1940 off the coast of Norway.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The remaining 10 planes did not arrive in Finland until 7—10.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

March 1940, so they did not have time to participate in the Winter War battles [3].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Great Britain also released 30 Blackburn B-25 Roc fighters to Finland for sale.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

This was a two-seat support ship destroyer developed from the Skua crash bomber, deliveries of which to the Navy Air Force had begun in April 1939.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 27 February 1940, Finland accepted Blackburn's bid for 33 Roc Mk I aircraft.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Four of the planes could be flown to Dyce in Scotland to be flown to Finland and equipped with Finnish Air Force insignia (RO-141... 144), but the Winter War on 13 March 1940 stopped the planes there [4].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Roc missed out, which was probably not a major damage, as this fighter aircraft had a top speed of only 359 km/h and all four 7.7 mm machine guns were located in the machine gun turret behind the pilot.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The plane could not fire forward [5].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

30 Morane-Saulniers and 6 Caudrons from France Before the Winter War, France had been reluctant to sell its weapons to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

During the Winter War, Prime Minister Édouar Daladier sought to patch up his poor endorsement by acting in Finland's favor.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 28 December 1939, France telegraphed to Finland for France to donate 50 Morane-Saulnier M.S to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

406 fighter jets.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Only 30 machines were eventually obtained and were shipped to Sweden to be assembled.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were flown to Finland during February 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were received by Air Squadron 28, which had time during the Winter War to make 288 war flights on the Morans, achieving 14 aerial victories [6].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Later, 80 Caudron C.714 and 46 Koolhoven F.K.58 fighters were donated.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

It was originally planned to assemble and send a ready to operate Caudron squadron with pilots and mechanics to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, this did not materialize and only six Caudrons arrived in Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Koolhovens went completely unreceived.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[4] France had ordered a large number of Caudrons on 5 October 1938 but production was stopped in March 1940 after 90 built Caudrons.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Caudron C.714 was withdrawn from active service in France in February 1940 due to poor performance.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The six aircraft (manufacturing number 2-7) that arrived in Finland were handed over to the aircraft factory in May 1940 and were to be given to the Pori based Lentolaivue 30.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The squadron accepted only two of the machines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Caudron C.714 was placed under permanent no-fly status in September 1940 [7].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Of the planes remaining in France, 40 were equipped with the so-called Polish pilots assembled. The Warsaw group that fought Germany 2—13.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

on June 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The remaining machinery remained in Vichy French and German use, which was probably scarce [8].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Koolhoven F.K.58 made its maiden flight on 17 July 1938.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In January 1939, France ordered 50 planes and Holland 36.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Only 18 machines besides the two prototypes were completed.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Forty-seven war flights were made with the planes before France was defeated.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The remaining planes were scrapped.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[9] 44 Brewsters from the United States Colonel Paavo Talvela contacted several gun and aircraft factories in the United States in the spring of 1939.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

He held negotiations with Douglas and Curtiss-Wright, among others.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The latter offered Model 75A fighters with a delivery time of 3 to 8 months; Curtiss was also prepared to enter into a binding contract in case Finland went to war.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[10] On July 7, 1939, Colonel Per Zilliacus was appointed Military Attaché of Finland in the United States.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In August 1939, he and Ambassador Hjalmar Procopé began high-level negotiations on arms procurement with U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Welles.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Procopé's unprioritized purchase list was long including, among other things, 230 fighter aircraft.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[10] In addition, Procopé requested a $60 million credit for improving Finland's defence capability.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[11] The Air Force Commander, Major General Lundqvist, electrified on October 17, 1939, to the Embassy in Washington.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In his telegram, he reported that the situation with the Soviet Union had escalated to the point where fighter jets were needed, ignoring the sign.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[10] In early November, three variants were explored, being the Grumman F4F Wildcat, Seversky EP-1 and Brewster F2A “Buffalo”.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[12] The third prototype of the F4F, the XF4F-3, had made its maiden flight in March 1939 and by 8 August 1939 Grumman had received an order for 78 planes from the United States Navy.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Production was therefore just starting up; the first machinery was not delivered until February 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[13] Sweden had ordered 15 Seversky EP-1s in the summer of 1939 and later 120 more, exporting Seversky's production capacity.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Sweden received 135 of its ordered Seversky out of 62 in the spring and summer of 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Of the remaining 60 were taken for the United States Army Air Forces under the insignia P-35A.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

48 of the planes took part in the fighting against Japan in the Philippines; 40 of the planes were lost in the two days of fighting.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The remaining 12 planes were delivered to Ecuador.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[14] Brewster was not at all a potential candidate for editorship at first.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

It was small and unknown and its first destroyer delivery to the United States Navy was late.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, modifications had been made to the machine's prototype XF2A-1, among other things the engine had been changed to a more powerful one, and had flown modified its maiden flight in the summer of 1939 under the designator XF2A-2.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Since only 11 of the 54 planes ordered had been delivered, the United States felt it could sell the remaining 43 to Finland and order the same number of higher-performance F2A-2 in their place.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The deals were made on 16 December 1939 for some reason for 44 machines, of which 38 (manufacturing numbers 18-55) were taken from a batch intended for the U.S. Navy and six (manufacturing numbers 57-62) from the Belgian order of 48 machines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Finland also negotiated 60 additional machines that would have been manufactured right after the 44 ordered.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

This would have required the transfer of Belgian supplies; Finland negotiated with Belgium but no trade arose.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The reason may also have been a lack of engines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[15] The 44 Brewster Model 239s ordered were shipped from New York via Bergen to Sweden for assembly; only three machines were assembled and tested in the United States.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The first batch of 11 machines left New York on 13 January 1940 and the last batch arrived in Bergen on 13 March 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines were assembled at SAAB's factories in Trollhättan.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The first machines were received in Finland on 1 March 1940 and before the end of the Winter War it was possible to obtain six machines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, the planes didn't get involved in the fighting.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The last plane arrived in Finland on 1 May 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were received by Air Squadron 22, which, however, was forced as early as April 1940 to hand over its aircraft to Air Squadron 24, which was fighting on the Fokkers.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[16] In early March 1940, Marshal Mannerheim sent a personal letter to President Roosevelt requesting that Finland have 150 fighter aircraft and 36 bombers with their crews.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Roosevelt urged the Air Force to explore the possibility of sending planes.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, the United States Air Force felt that it did not have enough planes for its own need, so the matter lapsed.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[17] The Fokker G.1 falls short of receiving Fokker designed at his own risk the twin-engined Fokker G.1 fighter, which made its maiden flight in March 1937.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The plane had been shown at the previous year's aviation show in Paris, where it was subject to great attention.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The plane originally had a Hispano-Suiza 14Ab engine, which was however swapped for the Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior engine.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Twenty-six machines were sold in 1937 to Spain but due to the outbreak of civil war the machines went undelivered.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Dutch Air Force ordered 36 Bristol Mercury-powered aircraft in October 1937, with the model designation G.1A — and at the same time the model to be built in Spain became the model designation G.1B.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The first discussions between Fokker and Finnish authorities regarding the Fokker G.1 fighter took place in May 1937, when the commander of the Air Force, Major General Jarl Lundqvist, was interested in purchasing one finished plane and 23 aircraft manufacturing license.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Apparently, the Fokker G.1 was intended to replace additional purchases from Bristol Blenheim.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Finns went to test fly the G.1 in the autumn of 1937.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In April 1938, Fokker was informed that the twin-engine fighter issue was not current.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Fokker invited a Finnish test pilot to fly the Fokker G.1 in February 1939, which was accomplished.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machine was still traded and in the autumn of 1939, Fokker offered G.1B machines for Finland for Spain.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Commander Lundqvist considered the requested price to be high and no deal emerged.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

After the Winter War ignited, the Fokker G.1 was good enough for Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In January 1940, an attempt was made to purchase 18 G.1As.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Fokker would have been able to deliver the machines with a delivery time of 4—6 months but in February 1940 the matter lapsed due to difficulties in obtaining propellers and Bristol Mercury engines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[18] Machinery and assistance from other countries Great Britain pressured South Africa to donate 29 Gloster Gauntlet machines to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were shipped from the British Isles to Sweden on 10 March 1940, where nine were assembled and flown to Finland by 12 April 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The rest were shipped to Finland on 17 May 1940 [19].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, the Gauntlet was obsolete as a fighter and the 24 planes that arrived were used as training aircraft.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 8 December 1939, Sweden donated eight machines to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Two Bristol Bulldog and three J6B Jaktfalken aircraft arrived on 15 December 1939.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Bulldogs were Finland's equivalent of the older IIA model and were used like the Jaktfalkens as training machines.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 23 December 1939, three Fokker C.V.D planes arrived in Finland and used as liaison machines [20].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

More significant assistance than these eight planes was the Air Squadron Flygflottilj 19, consisting of Swedish volunteers, which flew 12 Swedish Gloster Gladiator fighters, four Hawker Hart reconnaissance aircraft as well as a few joint action aircraft from 10 January 1940, responding to in practice on Lapland air defense.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The unit scored seven aerial victories, losing three Gladiators and three Hart in aerial combat and accidents.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Three Swedish pilots crashed.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

A significant help was also the aircraft-assembling operations organised by the Swedes.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Machines were assembled at AB Aerotransport in Bulltofta near Malmö, Centrala Flygverkstaden in Malmslätt near Linköping, and at Götaverken in Torslanda and SAAB in Trollhättan, both near Gothenburg.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

These units assembled 157 machines (including Brewsters, Moranets, Gladiators and Fiats) between December 1939 and April 1940 [21].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

My own aircraft-building operation on 9 September 1939]] was placed in a pre-order for 50 Fokker D.XXI fighter jets to the State Aircraft Factory.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The final order came on 22 January 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

As the intake of Bristol Mercury engines had stopped, it was decided to acquire Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior engines [22].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On December 13, 1939, the commander of the Air Force, Major General Lundqvist prioritized the aircraft factory in operation for only the third replacement of the Fokker D.XXI series (first place came the refit of warplanes, second place exercise and school aircraft pl.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

VL Pyry, which was prioritized to the fourth place).


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

VL Storm work was suspended [23].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The spoils of war Finland received several Polikarpov I-15bis and Polikarpov I-153 fighters as spoils of war in the Winter War, as well as a few Polikarpov I-16 fighters.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Two of the Polikarpov I-15bis- planes were brought into flight condition during the Winter War and three were repaired during the intermediate peace.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Eight of the Polikarpov I-153 aircraft and one of the Polikarpov I-16 planes were repaired to flying condition during the interim peace.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[24] Repair and maintenance of spoils consumed resources in comparison with the machinery's operating value.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[25] Only Polikarpov I-153 machines were of real significance; they were the spoils of war in the Winter and Continuation Wars, as well as purchases from Germany in use 21.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The aircraft was used as a fighter at the beginning of the Continuation War


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

I-15bis were used mostly as advanced training aircraft in replenishment squadrons and the I-16 aircraft was used as a reference aircraft in Air Squadron 24.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[26] Interim Peace Aircraft Procurement The Winter War ended with the Peace of Moscow on 13 March 1940, beginning the period known as the Intermediate Peace.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The period was marked by severe pressure from both the Soviet Union and Germany.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway, thus sealing Finland's access to the North Sea.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The only spirit hole was Petsamo, through which, among other things, 62 Seversky EP-1 aircraft ordered by Sweden were transported.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[27] With its ultimatums, the Soviet Union obtained the annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in August 1940.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

An extensive aircraft fleet procurement programme was undertaken in September 1940, including six 30-aircraft fighter squadrons.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

It was decided to make 90% of purchases from abroad; either from Germany or through it from other countries.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[28] Attempts were made to purchase aircraft both in December 1940, when General Talvela met Marshal Göring and in March 1941, when Grandell, the Inspector General of War Finance, met General Thomas.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 9 March 1941, Reich Marshal Adolf Hitler decided that the wishes of the Finns, among other things, to obtain aircraft were not “satisfiable for the time being”.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[29] In late 1940, a German team of pilots visited Russian war booty aircraft.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In December that year, a German pilot took a test flight of a Polikarpov I-153 (VH-14) plane at Malmi [30].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In spring 1941, Finland handed over to Germany for test flight, among other things, one Polikarpov I-16 aircraft which was not recovered [31].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

50 Fokker D.XXIs from the State Aircraft Factory, the Department of Defense successfully procured new Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior engines and used propellers for the Fokker D.XXI aircraft from the United States.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines were built in Kolho.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The first of the machines was completed on 29 October 1940 and the remainder except one in January—June 1941.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Twin Wasp Junior was heavier than the Mercury and supercharged for a lower flying altitude.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

An armour-seat was ordered for the plane, as well as rubbering for petrol and oil tanks.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The modifications increased the weight and as a result the performance of the machine worsened to the training machine class [32].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes went to reconnaissance squadrons


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The design of the VL Storm destroyer to be ordered was started in April 1940 as a matter of urgency.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Efforts were made to increase engine power and the specification of the machine was changed.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The prototype was ordered on 20 December 1940 and it did not make its maiden flight until 23 December 1941.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[28] 25 Morane-Saulniers and 29 Curtiss Hawks of German war booty stocks The Chief of War Economy, Major General Leonard Grandell negotiated with Germany's highest war economy officer, General Thomas, about supplies of war supplies in May 1940 but received an absolutely negative response.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[33] The situation changed in August/September 1940 after Germany requested the right of transit for soldiers to Kirkenes.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The contract was concluded on 22 September 1940 and prior to this the acquisition of weapons and aircraft from Germany had already started.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Under contract number 1187 reached in early October 1940, 55 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 and 30 Curtiss Hawk destroyers were included.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Germany did not want and could not sell its own modern equipment for it was still an ally of the Soviet Union and supplies had to fit its explanation to the Soviet Union that it supplied arms as compensation for supplies it had stopped during the Winter War.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[34] 25 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 machines were eventually obtained.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Ten came in boxes to the aircraft factory at the turn of the year 1940—1941, another ten between June and August 1941, and the remaining five in November 1941.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Some of the machines were of the M.S.410 model with four wing machine rifles and a fixed radiator.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[35] The planes went to Air Squadron 28 and Reconnaissance Squadron 14.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Twenty-nine Curtiss Hawk machines were purchased.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were German spoils of war from France and Norway.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Seven of the machines had a 1200 hp Wright R-1820 Cyclone engine and the rest effectively had a 1065 hp producing Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines were new or used and refurbished by the Germans.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Twenty-seven planes were received in the summer of 1941 and two in December


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[36] The planes went to Reconnaissance Air Squadron 12 and 14, which however had to hand over their new planes in July 1941 to Air Squadron 32.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Macchi and Falco deals from Italy tapered to gold and special metals Finland negotiated with Italy during 1940 for Macchi M.C.200 and Reggiane Re.2000 Falco fighters.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Sweden ordered 60 of the latter.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 1 November 1940, Finland received a bid for 30 Falcos that would have been delivered at the turn of the 1940—1941 season.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In addition, Finland received a bid for 50 Fiat G.50bis fighter jets.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Finns had bad experiences with the machine and especially its engine.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On the other hand, 88 enemy aircraft were dropped in the Continuation War, so capacity was found in the plane.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, transactions with Italy fall due to Italy's demand for gold and special metals; no clearing trade took place for it [37].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

A Brewster manufacturing license was not acquired Although the 44 Brewsters purchased from the United States never made it to the Winter War, the plane had time to prove to be a surprisingly good fighter aircraft.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Finland inquired about the possibilities of purchasing a manufacturing licence in April 1940 and the price was obtained for the licence.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

For some reason, however, negotiations broke off in late May 1940 and the manufacturing license went unobtained.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

[37] Procurement of fighter jets in the Continuation War When negotiating Finland's participation in Operation Barbarossa, Lieutenant-General Heinrichs forwarded to Germany a request to quickly obtain 100 to 200 aircraft — without success [38].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Even at the beginning of the Continuation War, Germany did not agree to sell Finland its current fleet of aircraft.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

From the German point of view, there was no need: the Finnish front was peaceful and Germany's own squadrons were undernumbered.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

War spoils and spare parts could be purchased, but even that trade was slow and bureaucratic [39].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

406s from France 1942 France offered Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters to Finland in February 1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were at Chateauroux and they were little flown but in poor condition from outside storage.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Air Force ordered 30 aircraft selected by the Finnish Command in June—September 1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were put in flight condition and tested at Chateauroux.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

These planes were flown to Finland, the first batch embarked on a transfer flight on 11 July 1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The last planes arrived in Finland in October [40].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Mörkö-Morane commissioned 1942 Meanwhile (in September 1942) the commander of Air Regiment 2, Colonel Richard Lorenz sent a letter to Morane-Saulnier M.S.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

From the 406's shortcomings to Air Force HQ.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In his pleading, Lorenz states that the plane is unsuitable for being a fighter aircraft due to its engine power, maintenance characteristics and insufficient spare parts stocks.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

He suggested that the Hispano-Suiza 12Y engine would be fitted to replace either the Klimov M-105 or the Klimov M-103.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Planning for the modification work began immediately and test installation on MS-631 commenced in October 1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The plane was completed for test flights in February 1943.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The installation was very successful and the performance characteristics of the machine improved significantly.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The top speed was between 490 and 510 km/h while on the worn Hispano-Suiza the top speed was barely more than 430 km/h.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Armament was also improved when a 20 mm Mauser MG-151/20 cannon was fitted to the propeller shaft - the same gun was in the Messerschmitt BF-109.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Preparation for series modifications began in October 1943 but the engines were not obtained from German war booty stocks until February 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Four machines modified as serial work were handed over in August 1944, by the end of 1944 17 machines had been modified and with the handover of the last in March 1945 all the remaining 41 Morane-Saulnier M.S.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The 406 aircraft had been converted to Mörkö-Morans [41].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

A domestic fighter aircraft for the serial manufacture of the Storm 50 planes 1942 50 machine VL Storm series (3 test planes + 47 serial aircraft) was ordered on 18 August 1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The test series was completed between April and September 1943 but one of the test aircraft (MY-2) was destroyed already in June 1943, another (MY-3) in November 1943 and a third (MY-4) in March 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Due to the overweight of the prototype (MY-1), the test series had been lightened to the extreme, encountering problems due to oscillation.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Both the wing and especially the rudder and stabilizers had to be strengthened.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Of the 47 serial aircraft, one was completed in January and the rest in July/December 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Reconnaissance Air Squadron 12 and Reconnaissance Air Squadron 16 engaged the Storms during the Continuation War.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In addition to vibration problems, the use value of the Storm was lowered by wartime replacement glues and varnishes that did not protect the wood-built machine enough.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were imposed on a final no-fly on 9 May 1947 [42].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

A Brewster clone for serial manufacture of VL Humu 90 aircraft in 1942 The State Aircraft Factory had made both a wood and metal wing on the Brewster fighter in the autumn of 1942, as well as fitting a 1000 hp Shvetsov M-63 war booty engine on it in May 1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Since Brewster's drawings were already largely in existence and good experience with Brewster, on 16 October 1942 the Air Force Staff ordered a pre-series of five planes and in November it was confirmed that the intention was to make a series of 90 machines for which to begin reserving raw materials.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In October 1942, more than 200 M-63 engines and auxiliaries were ordered from the German war booty stock.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The profitability of the VL Humu project began to be doubted in September 1943 when the strong development of the Soviet Air Force was noted.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, the project was not aborted as it was thought the machines would be fit when completed, at least for reconnaissance squadrons.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

A large series of 90 machines was ordered in November 1943, reduced to 60 machines in May 1944, and suspended in June 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Only a prototype belonging to the pre-series of five machines (HM-671) was completed.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

It made its maiden flight on 8 August 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Otherwise, the entire 90-plane series was cancelled in September 1944 [43].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The first squadron of 30 Messerschmitt Bf 109 aircraft from Germany 1943 Finland had tried throughout the Continuation War to purchase up-to-date equipment from Germany.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In late 1942, hopes began to be fulfilled.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

German misfortunes on the Eastern Front (Russian counterattacks in August—September on Leningrad and November 1942 on the Stalingrad fronts), Germany's growing aircraft production, as well as Finnish dreams of a separate peace were the proponents of sales of one squadron.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The squadron of 30 planes included 16 new and 14 used but repaired Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2s.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The procurement contract was signed on 1 February 1943 and the contract involved keeping the squadron to full strength by replacing the destroyed machinery with new ones.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Sixteen new planes were received to Finland in March 1943, but 14 were not used until May 1943 due to the arms supply ban imposed by Germany due to the peace pledges in Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Six replenishment aircraft were received between August and November 1943 and, early in 1944, 12.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Thus, the number of G-2 machines became 48.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The G-2s were handed over to Air Squadron 34, which in turn turned over the planes in March—April 1944 to Air Squadron 24 while receiving G-6 aircraft themselves [44].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The cyclone prototype ordered in 1943 The incomplete performance of the Storm fighter prototype was noticed when the prototype was given to be flown to the Test Squadron in 1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In this case, the idea of installing a more powerful Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine in the Storm was smirked.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

However, it did not turn out because the bow of the plane would have become too long and, moreover, the fuselage of the plane was designed for a star engine.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

For this reason, it was decided to design a new machine based on the DB 605.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

At the end of May 1942, the State Aircraft Factory sent a proposal, on the basis of which pre-design of the plane was started.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Air Force Staff placed a preliminary order for the plane's design and two prototypes in November 1942 and confirmed the order on 13 April 1943.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In September, the State Aircraft Factory produced achievement value calculations for five different variants.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machine, which was named VL Cyclone, was implemented on the basis of the PM-1 option, although the specification was changed as development progressed.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

VL Puuska was born on the basis of the PM-5.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Works at the State Aircraft Factory were prioritised on 3 March 1944, when VL Cyclone was reassigned to fill work.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The prototype made its maiden flight on 21 November 1945.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Test flights were discontinued in April 1947; VL Cyclone had time to fly in 27 hours.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machine became equal to the Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6 [45].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

MiG-3s remain unavailable 1943 Germany offered Finland the MiG-3s it received as spoils of war in December 1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

There were 22 planes and they were new and little flown but without weapons and radios.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines were packed in boxes, some of which had been damaged in transports.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines were ordered on 22 December 1942 and the Finns prepared in spring 1943 to receive the machines until on 13 May 1943 came the information that the planes had been destroyed by aerial bombing [46].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The MiG-3 was difficult to fly.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

It was fast at high altitude (640 km/h: the world's fastest fighter aircraft between 1940 and 1941) but relatively slow at low altitude.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machine was not agile, making it unsuitable for curve combat.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Armament consisted of one 12.7 mm and two 7.62 mm machine guns.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

A total of over 3400 pieces of the machine were produced 1940—1942.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The use of the machine as a front fighter ended in 1943.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

15 Curtiss Hawk aircraft from Germany in 1943 Although the Curtiss Hawk was obsolete as a front fighter, the Air Force Staff decided in June 1943 to replenish the losses suffered by Air Squadron 32 to full strength.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 18 June 1943, 15 Curtiss Hawk aircraft originating from the Free France Air Force were ordered from Germany.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines had been idle for three years.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were flown to Finland between June 1943 and January 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 29 June 1943, it was decided to switch the engines of the Curtiss Hawk fleet to the fresher Twin Wasp engines, which were renovated by Aero Ltd for the VL Storm series.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Similarly, 7.7 mm hull machine rifles began to be exchanged for 12.7 mm machine guns [47].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The second and third Messerschmitt Bf 109 squadrons of 30 planes from Germany in 1944 after the Front betrayed and the German Army withdrew against promises to the Narva River in Estonia, Marshal General Wilhelm Keitel inquired about Finland's needs to compensate for the increased threat.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 2 February 1944, Marshal Mannerheim sent a letter to Keitel, with an attached list requesting additional Bf 109 and Bf 110 fleet to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The supply contract for the 2nd Squadron was awarded directly to Messerschmitt AG in early March 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The first G-6 aircraft came to Finland as early as 16 March 1944 and all 30 aircraft were delivered between March and April 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes went to Air Squadron 34, which handed over its G-2 aircraft to Air Squadron 24 [48].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The squadron received 14 G-6s as replenishment aircraft in June 1944 [49].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On 9 June 1944, the Soviet Union launched a major offensive on the Isthmus.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Finland asked Germany for help 11—12.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

on June 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

As a result of the request for help, Germany detached a third 30-plane Messerschmitt Bf 109 squadron to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Twenty-eight of the planes were flown to Finland at the turn of June/July 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were received by Air Squadron 28.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Two planes were left damaged on the voyage.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

As a complement to the 2nd and 3rd Squadrons, 29 G-6 aircraft were received in July—August 1944 [49].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Detachment Kuhlmey to Finland Following the start of the major invasion of the Isthmus, and after Finland requested help from Germany to repel the invasion, Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler decided to send a flight detachment in support of the Finns on the Isthmus.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

This was no charity on Hitler's part; he was trying to prolong Finland's voluntary struggle alongside Germany.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Hitler has also had a better view than the Finns of what it was to come, since Lieutenant Colonel Kurt Kuhlmey was informed to assemble a department in Tartu to support Finland already on 10 June 1944 — before Finland's request for help [50].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Flight Detachment Kuhlmey arrived in Finland on 17 June 1944 and received use of Immola Airfield.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Flight Section had Junkers Ju 87 crash bombers, Focke-Wulf Fw 190A fighters, Focke-Wulf Fw 190F fighter-bombers and Messerschmitt Bf 109G-8 reconnaissance aircraft at the same time around 70 aircraft.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Airborne Division dropped hundreds of bombers on the attackers, destroying, among other things, about 200 tanks.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The division's destroyers shot down more than 100 Soviet destroyers [51].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The division left Finland on 23 July 1944 except for the Focke-Wulf Fw 190F fighter-bomber squadron which disembarked on 13 August 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

11 Messerschmitt Bf 109 aircraft as Ribbentrop aid from Germany 1944 German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop came to Finland on 22 June 1944 to persuade the Finnish leadership to continue the war alongside Germany.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The Soviets demanded that Finland surrender at the same time.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Eventually, President Risto Ryti sent a letter to German Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler promising that neither he nor his government will make peace with the Soviet Union without German permission.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Against this personal assurance of Ryti, Germany had to supply Finland with aid.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Germany's chances of supplying Finland with aid were undermined by the fracturing of the front in Belarus, which began with the Soviet Grand Offensive on 22 June 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

“Ribbentrop-apuna” made it 24—29 to Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

On August 1944 ten Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 aircraft, as the eleventh was left damaged on the voyage.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The replenishment of the machinery would apparently have continued at a good pace since already in June Germany had released 242 Bf 109s and 180 spare engines for Finland [49] (five squadrons of 30 planes and 92 replenishment aircraft).


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The spoils of the Continuation War At the beginning of the Continuation War, Finland received a few Polikarpov I-153 aircraft as spoils, of which three were repaired to flying condition.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

As spoils of war in the Winter War, eight machines were obtained.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

In addition to these, ten I-153 aircraft were purchased from the German war booty depot on 18 November 1942, seven of which were flown to Finland in December 1942 and three damaged en route in January—September 1943.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines were used at the beginning of the Continuation War by Air Squadron 6, which was later formed into Air Squadron 30.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Although the squadron was a fighter squadron its duties mostly included reconnaissance in the Gulf of Finland.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Another user was Reconnaissance Air Squadron 16, which received I-153s 25—27.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

on June 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

During the Continuation War, Polikarpov I-16 planes were obtained as spoils of war, one of which was put in flight condition.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

One two-seat I-16 (UTI-4) was also obtained.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The planes were not used in combat missions.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The LAGG-3 was obtained as spoils of war several, three of which were put into flight condition between 1942 and 1944.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

The machines were used until December 1944 by Air Squadron 32 [52].


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Donald, David| title = The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft| location = Enderby, Leicester, UK| publisher = Bookmart Ltd| year = 1997| id = ISBN 1-85605-375-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haapanen, Atso| title = Finnish Air Force Fighter Acquisitions 1918-1945| location = Helsinki| publisher = Koala cost| year = 2002| id = ISBN 952-5186-16-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jakobson, Max| title = Diplomats Winter War| location = Vantaa | publisher = Dark Oy| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-0-27536-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Keskinen, Kalevi, Partonen, Kyösti & Stenman, Kari| title = Finnish Air Force 1928-1940| location = Porvoo| publisher = Kari Stenman| year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-99743-0-2}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = Pilot's view| location = Forssa| publisher = Jukka Ruinio| year = 1991| id = ISBN}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = Pilot's Perspective II| location = Forssa| publisher = Jukka Ruunio| year = 1993| id = 9BN 51-96866-0-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = History of State Aircraft Factory.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Part 1: Pioneer Years 1921-1932| location = Forssa| publisher = Jukka Ruunio| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-96866-5-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = History of the State Aircraft Factory.


Question: How many I-class destroyers did Britain have?

Part 2: Tampere and wars 1933-1944| location = Forssa| publisher = Jukka Raunio| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-96866-7-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarinen, Ahti| title = Air Force operations in Finland 1918-1920| location = Lahti| publisher = Eugenher TA Cooperative & Ahti Saarinen| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-98755-0-6}} References Category:Fighter aircraft * Category:Finnish air forces of the Winter War Category:Finnish air forces of the Continuation War


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Burial is a procedure in which a person or animal is given a final place of placement after death.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The most common methods of burial include coffin burial and other ground burials, cremation, placement in a crypt, sea burial, and sky burial.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Funerals are often held at the time of burial, a celebration which often involves remembering and mourning the deceased.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Burial in Finland has been the practice since the post-Reformation period until the 18th century that dignitaries of keepers in particular were buried under the floor of the church.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

This custom began to become problems due to strong odor and rapid filling of the floor substrate, and was banned at the end of the 18th century, although the custom began to be effectively enforced only after the Finnish War in the 19th century.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

[1] In Finland, burial under the floor of a church was completely prohibited by imperial decree v.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

in 1822.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

In the 19th century and earlier, houses had to have planks suitable for death as coffins as corpse boards.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The deceased was moved to a granary to await a funeral.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The fence normally lasted about a week.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Today, the body of the deceased is taken by hearse to the hospital morgue, where a forensic or medical autopsy can be performed on the deceased within about two weeks of the person's death.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

A request for a forensic examination of the cause of death is made by the police if the deceased has died at home or somewhere outside the home.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

[2] If the deceased has died in an institution such as a nursing home, the doctor responsible for the care of the deceased may write a death certificate directly based on the deceased's medical record.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

A medical autopsy may be performed at the request of kin or at the request of the attending hospital on medical grounds.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

[3] The deceased may be buried after relatives have obtained a burial permit from the doctor.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

[4] After the deceased returned from obduction to the mortuary of the home county, the relatives often wish to see the deceased and establish the identity of the deceased in the coffin as correct, allowing the coffin lid to be opened and the relatives may bid their final farewell to him.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

On the same occasion, a hymn suitable for the situation can be carved.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The cost of the autopsy and related transport back to the home county of the deceased is paid by the requester, which is normally the police department.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Before the funeral ceremony, the body is brought in a coffin to the chapel of blessing.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

A funeral and memorial service will be held after that.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland, when blessing the deceased, the priest takes a total of three times of sand from the sand vessel with a long-stemmed scoop and pours over each scooped coffin.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Cremation The prevalence of cremation varies widely from country to country.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

In Japan, almost all deceased are cremated, and cremation is also very common in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Of European countries in 2010, in countries such as Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Great Britain and the Netherlands, well over half of the deceased were cremated.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

[5] In Finland cremation has become more common, especially in cities.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

In 2016, a majority of all deceased persons in Finland, 51%, were cremated.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

[6] In cremation, instead of lowering the coffin into a grave, is burned, i.e. cremated in a crematorium.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Those close to them usually get the ashes placed in the urn for themselves.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

In cremation, ashes may be placed in an urn either in a regular family grave, a special urn grave, an urn grove or a vault, or a column bar.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Besides placing in an urn, the ashes of the deceased are allowed to be sprinkled in a special memorial grove or in nature.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

In the grove, the ashes of the deceased can be placed under the grassland without an urn.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Ash may also be sprinkled in nature but must obtain the permission of the owner or holder of the site and the final location of the ashes must be reported to the crematorium.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

When sprinkling with nature, it is essential that the site should not be made up of a tomb space and, for example, a monument should be erected on the site.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The new Funeral Home Act also requires ashes to be placed definitively within one year of cremation and must not be distributed to more burial sites.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

You can't place an ash urn in a private residence.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The urn can also be buried on private land with the permission of the landowner, and no further permits are required if no monument is maintained at the burial site.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

After the monument is erected, the place becomes a burial place in the eyes of the law, which again requires the permission of the Regional Administrative Center.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Sprinkling on the sea is possible either by applying for permission from the owner of the water area or, for example, Helsinki has a sea area owned by the city, west of Harmaja lighthouse.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Other burial customs It has been customary for ships to bury the dead at sea without cremation.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

This was common in the past, when sea voyages were quite long-lasting, and it may have taken long periods of time for a ship to get close to land.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

This is still practiced today, for example in the case of some sailors and marines.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Aerial burial, or sky burial, is also in use in Tibet, as there is not much timber to burn on the ground, and the rocky mountain terrain is not suitable for burying bodies in the ground.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

In an aerial burial, the body is decomposed and given to birds of prey to eat.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The Zarathustrans also practice this custom: the body is placed in the so-called. To the “tower of silence” and birds of prey are allowed to eat it.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Space burials are also possible in modern times — some of the deceased's ashes are put on a purpose-designed satellite, for example.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Admittedly, the method is expensive, and with modern technology, sending all the ashes of the deceased, let alone entire deceased people, into space is not practical - often only a few grams of ash are sent into space.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Famous people whose ashes are buried in space include e.g.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Gene Roddenberry and Timothy Leary.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Eugene Shoemaker's ashes were carried to the Moon along with the Lunar Prospector probe.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

In an ecological method of burial, promessing, developed by Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak of Sweden, the body is frozen and immersed in liquid nitrogen.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

A body turned fragile is dispersed by vibration into dust.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The dust is transferred to a vacuum chamber where the liquid it contains is evaporated away.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

From dry, odorless dust, mercury and medical equipment are distinguished.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Dust can also be disinfected.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Eventually, the earthly remains of the deceased are transferred to a coffin made of corn starch.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The coffin is lowered into a shallow grave, where it turns into earth in one year.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

As a sign of the grave, a tree is planted on the site, which grows nourished by rich soil.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

[7] In other species, the sister species of modern humans, the already extinct Neanderthal, sometimes buried its dead.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The deceased might be covered in red dirt or ochre, or tools were placed in the grave.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

[8] Exhumation Exhumation means digging up the buried from the grave.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

A buried body will be exhumed for example investigation into the cause of death.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Exhumation is very rare in Finland.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The law establishing the cause of death goes beyond the integrity of the burial gland.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

The permission of the family to open the grave is not required.


Question: In what year is the grave coffin invented?

Burial

Sources On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu () is an American football team located on the northern bank of Pyhäselä, Saimaa, at the mouth of the Pielis River in North Karelia Province.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu is the 12th largest city in Finland by population.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The area of the city of Joensuu is home to about Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character “[”.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

human beings.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Neighboring municipalities of Joensuu are Ilomantsi, Kontiolahti, Lieksa, Liperi, Rääkkylä and Tohmajärvi.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu is part of the Joensuu sub-region, which now also includes the municipalities of Ilomantsi, Juua, Kontiolahti, Liper and Polvijärvi, as well as the city of Outokumpu.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Of these, Ilomantsi is not involved in the Joensuu region cooperation.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The European Forestry Institute is located in the city.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In autumn 2008, the city of Joensuu received its own flag, designed by Leea Wasenius.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

It is based on the city's coat of arms.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The town's titular animal was named the rupee lizard.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Geography and Cityscape Joensuu is located on the banks of Pyhäselä, part of the Lake District of Saimaa, into which the Pielisjoki River divides the city into two parts.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

As of 2004, the town had a total area of 120.3km², of which land areas comprised 81.9km².


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The population density, taking into account land areas, was 643 as at the beginning of 2004. /km².


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

With the 2005 association of municipalities, Joensuu's total area became 1,311.94km², of which there are 1,171,06km² of land.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Cityscape The principles of Joensuu cityscape were created in the first city plan drawn up by architect Claës Wilhelm Gyldén in 1848.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

It shows the division of the city into regular-sized rectangular blocks, which were initially divided into six plots.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Gyldén's city plan represents empire zoning ideals that emphasize the promotion of fire safety by dividing the city with wide park streets that slow the spread of fire.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

This ideal culminated in the General Building Order of Cities (KYRJ) issued in 1856.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The preserved principles of Gyldén's city plan include: an alignment that follows the shoreline of the Pielis River Promenade as closely as possible, a parkland of varying width between the promenade and the shoreline, the assignment of two church plots from the mounds to Lutheran and Orthodox alike for the church, Kirkkokatu park axis Siltakadu station as a transverse park street the location of the market square; originally two blocks had been allocated for the town square. It was necessary to revise the station plan as early as the 1860s.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The main reason was the plots proving too small.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In the formula established by Ferdinand Öhman in 1867, the above features had been highlighted.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In addition, an axis of parks, squares and public buildings had been created between the bridge street and Koskikatu, which even today is highlighted in Joensuu's cityscape.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The town hall, Liberty Park, Joensuu Market, Central Alley and Central Park block containing commercial buildings, the block of the former lyceum (now the Art Museum) are located on the banks of the river Pielis on the axis, which is based on the winning proposal of Eliel Saarinen's architectural competition, Joensuu Lyceum High School, Lyceum Primary School, Joensuu Sports House and Friendship Park.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Later there is the main building of the University of Eastern Finland located just outside the old checkerboard area.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In the station plan, the plot division of the blocks was changed to a 4-division, but this was only implemented in new unbuilt blocks.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The old blocks followed the old block of six lots, or a combination of the two.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The variability of plot allocation is still typical in central Joensuu.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu was realised as a distinctive empire wooden town, characterised by low buildings and wide street space compared to older cities.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The first private stone houses appeared in the early 20th century and larger business houses began to be implemented along Bridge Street at the end of the 1940s.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

However, the wood-town look survived long into the 1960s.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In the 1970s, the old building stock was quickly replaced by lamellar flats comprising a usually above-ground basement and three residential floors, which today form uniform street spaces along north-south facing blocks.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

At its ends, the block structure was open, so in this regard the urban structure implements the ideal of functionalism.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In the early 2000s, major investments affecting the urban landscape have been made in central Joensuu, including a pedestrian centre project.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

This has been followed by private investors with new commercial building projects in the market area.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu was until 1954 a small agra market town blockaded by the municipality of Pielisensuu and competing with it.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Many sawmills and surrounding mill settlements such as Utra, Sirkkala and Penttilä sawmill were stamped upon the town and surrounding suburbs.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The town had been expanded on the eastern side of the river Pielis by the city plan for the Niinivaara district drawn up by Bertel Jung.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

After the wars, colonists and frontmen had also been inhabited in the new districts of Otsola and Kanervala, the construction of which was based on type houses created by the SAFA Standardisation Office of the Finnish Architects Association.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

With the wider urban complex formed after the municipal annexation in early 1955, it was easier to plan for the future of the region.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The Joensuu General Formula (1953), drawn up by Otto-Iivari Meurman, created the case for future growth by applying the suburban principle to designate new construction areas, as well as the renewal of the main road, inter alia, on the circulating ring road around the city centre area.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Since the end of the 1990s, Joensuu has increased the supply of detached houses, while the areas of working and doing business have expanded through the territories.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Meurman's general formula also laid the foundation for a network of green spaces in the urban area, the main features of which are the routes following the banks of Pielisjoki and Pyhäselä, as well as the concentration of leisure services in Mehtimäki and Linnunlahti.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Since the 1970s, a university campus of the University of Eastern Finland has been created on the west side of the city centre next to Mehtimäki.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Urban planning has taken into account the continuity of green spaces, so-called green corridors, and good light transport links both in the centre and on the periphery of the city.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu is a clearly structured city and it is not particularly easy to get lost in its downtown area.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

It is considered to be a mistake in the cityscape and the architecture of the city, that the visual links to Pyhäselä, right next door, are poor in many places.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Instead, the river Pielis is an integral and visible part of the cityscape.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Improving the views of Pyhäselä has been taken into account in the general directions of the development of the city.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The most notable of the new areas are the red-brick-dominated Rantakylä in the 1970s and the blond Noljakka, which was carried out in the 1980s and 1990s.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Of these, as well as Niinivaara, efforts have been made to develop powerful regional centres with high-rise cores.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Major neighborhoods include separate library, school, health station, pharmacy and postal services and shopping centers as unified service centers.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The vast majority of the population lives in a rather limited area in the main districts, and therefore trips to the services are short.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

On top of Niinivaara, which dominates river views in Joensuu, there is the Central Hospital of North Karelia.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Right on the edge of the central checkerboard area are the Joensuu campus of the University of Eastern Finland and part of Karelia University of Applied Sciences.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

At the end of 2017, Joensuu had 76,067 inhabitants, of whom 67,051 lived in built-up areas, 8,187 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of 829 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose coordinates of residence are known; the agglomeration rate of Joensuu is 89.1%.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

[1] Joensuu's agglomeration population is divided between 11 different agglomerations: [2] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The agglomerations marked with an asterisk (*) belong to this city only partially.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In addition to Joensuu, the central area of Joensuu extends partly to the municipalities of Kontiolahti and Liper.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In total, the central area of Joensuu has 67,811 inhabitants and covers an area of 72.12 square kilometers.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

[3] The bowl agglomeration extends mainly to the territory of Kontiolahti Municipality.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

[2] Architecture Joensuu held a 1995 housing fair in Marjala district.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The special theme of the fair was an accessible environment.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu has a town hall designed by Eliel Saarinen from 1913.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In 1993, a new library house was completed.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The most significant buildings completed in the 21st century are Joensuu Arena, which when completed in 2003 was the largest wooden building in Finland and the Metla House of the Forest Research Institute, which when completed in 2004 was the largest wooden office building in Finland.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Beginning in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, the city centre has been busily built.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The surroundings of the square came to a large number of new commercial buildings, the new administrative building of the university campus Aurora II was completed, Joensuu Science Park has received additional buildings, a new lyceum elementary school building was completed in 2007 to replace the demolished Lyceum Primary School.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The shopping centre Iso Mell was completed in its entirety in autumn 2007, covering more than 70 shops.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Old shopping centres, for example Shopping Centre Metropolia and Centrumia, have also been renovated and expanded.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

There is a bridge over the street between Big My and Metropol that connects shopping centers.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu has many trade centres and trade parks with large stores.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

For example, Voimatie, in the area of Joensuu Market Park, there are Prisma, and other massive department stores.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

There are 13 S-Markets in the area of Joensuu City.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

A third K-citymarket is planned in Karsikko, Joensuu.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

[4] Boroughs Before the 2005 municipal union, the city was formed of 25 boroughs: I District II District III District IV District Niinivaara (5) Otsola (6) Kanervala (7) Käpykangas (8) Sihtala (9) Mutala (10) Rantakylä (11) Utra (12) Sirkkala (13) Karsikko (14) Hukanhauta (15) Penttilä (16) Linnunlahti (17) Noljakka (18) Pilkko (20) Raatekangas (21) Marjala (22) Iiksenvaara (23) Karhunmäki (24) Fox nests (25) Iiksenniitty (26) Kuntakylä Itos New neighbourhoods were formed from the zoned agglomerations of the joining zones: Heinävaara (27) Kyytelysvaara (28) Tuupovaara (29) Hammalahti (30) Niittylahti (31) Reijola (32) Eno (40) Uimaharju (41) Ukkola (42) Honkavaara (43) Louhioja (44) Pyhäselkä Villages Hoilola Kovero Luutalahti Mannervaara Meriinaho Ruhovaara Saarivaara Saarivaara Saaroinen Öllölä Climate Located near the eastern border, Joensuu belongs to a more continental climate than most of Finland's cities and regions.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu Airport in Liperi has the highest temperature ever recorded in Finland in July 2010, +37,2 [5].


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

History The area of present-day Joensuu has been inhabited since the Stone Age.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Towards the end of the Bronze Age and/or early Iron Age there was a fairly extensive textile ceramic residence on the northern shore of Varapond.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

At the beginning of the 10th century, the northwestern and northern shores of Ladoga were inhabited by a distinctive Ancient Karelian culture, whose influences gradually shifted also in the direction of present-day North Karelia.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The waterways served as wilderness access routes, bringing with them fur trappers and trading.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The Joensuu region was mainly wilderness exploited by distant tribes (especially Ancient Karelians) and the Pielisjoki a passage between more significant areas, but there were also places to live in the area.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Following the attainment of the Orthodox faith, a subsidiary monastery of Valamo Monastery in Joensuu was established in the 16th century, which was nevertheless eradicated by the Lutherans during the 25-Years' War, or Long Wrath.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

A village called Joensuu can already be found on maps from the time of Swedish rule, as well as in church books.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In this case, it belonged to Kontiolahti.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Emperor Nicholas I of Russia founded the town of Joensuu on the site of the village of Joensuu in 1848.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The city began to grow rapidly.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

A lot of support rejuvenation has been practiced in the rapids of Joensuu.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

A canal was dug past the river river river and sluices were built so that bigger ships could use the river Pielis as a passage.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu is an old timber industrial town, but today other industries have replaced the timber industry almost completely.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu maintains Sortavala's cultural heritage.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Since autumn 2010, the city of Joensuu has been headed by Mayor Kari Karjalainen [6].


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

As his duties, the City Administrative Code defines the management of the city, monitoring and reporting on operational performance, and the development of the city's organizational culture.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Under the City Administrative Rule, the City Board's role is to run the administration and finances of the city in accordance with the goals approved by the City Council.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The Chairman of the City Board for the period 2009—2011 is Matti Väistö (mid.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

), as 1st Vice-President Seppo Eskelinen (sd.)


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

and Liisa Väväalo, 2nd Vice-President (ECR).


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

[7] In addition to them, there are eight other members of the city board.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The city government may set various ad hoc committees for the duration of its term of office.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Examples of these include the Commission on International Affairs and the Commission on Street Names.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

distribution of seats and voter turnout in municipal electionsplace voting- activitySDPKOK.SKDL VAS.KESK.KESK.LKPSKL KDSMP PSVIHR.Other 1976171574431--73.8% 1980191556231--73.2% 19842015572266.7% 198820142714111a 64.0% 19942714111a 64.0% 2113632466.6% 19962013292- -5--54.9% 200020112945--47.6% 200418123113- -4--51.6% 20081912314236--54.1% 20121710313286--51.4% a Democratic Option [8] Sources: Statistics Finland, [9] Ministry of Justice [10] The President of the City Council for the period 2009-2011 is former MEP Riitta Myller (sd.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

), Pertti Astiainen as 1st Vice-President (mid)


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

and 2nd Vice-President MP Pekka Ravi (ECR).


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

[11] City service activities take place under the authority of trustee bodies known as city boards.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The members of the boards are elected by the City Council.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu City Boards are: Early Childhood Education and Education Board Leisure time Board of Health and Social Welfare Board Urban Structure Board Building and Environment Board The income tax rate of the city of Joensuu in 2005 is 19.00%.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu Youth Council (Nuva), consisting of 20 full members and 19 deputies.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Nuva promotes youth status in Joensuu.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Ville Honkanen is chaired, I Vice-President Rami Kiiskinen and II as Vice Chairman Heidi Lonkainen.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The Youth Council has its own speech law representatives and their deputy representatives on city boards.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Nuva also actively organizes various events, mainly aimed at young people.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Municipal joints and union plans Pielisensuu merged with Joensuu in 1954.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Kiytelysvaara and Tuupovaara merged in Joensuu in 2005 and Eno and Pyhäselkä on 1 January 2009.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

On 13 November 2006, the Joensuu Municipal Board has submitted to the municipalities of Eno, Liper, Outokumpu, Polvijärvi, Kontiolahti and Pyhäselä for the initiation of a local government report.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The investigation continued only with Eno, Polvijärvi, Kontiolahti and Pyhäselä.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Kontiolahti opted out of the project in autumn 2007 and at the same time Polvijärvi's involvement also ended because the municipalities do not have a common land border.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Joensuu, Eno and Pyhäselkä continued to work out the joint of municipalities.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

On December 17, 2007, Joensuu, Eno and Pyhäselkä decided to merge as of January 1, 2009, to become the new city of Joensuu.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Economy Joensuu is a growing leader whose business life is service-oriented.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

The concentration of ICT companies has taken place in the premises offered by the Joensuu Science Park.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Major industrial companies include lock manufacturer Abloy, and John Deere, a forestry machinery manufacturer.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

Research and product development in Joensuu is at the University, Science Park, METLA and a few companies in areas such as color research and diffractive optics.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

In 2015, the companies that paid the most corporation tax were Broman Group Oy, a key company selling spare parts and accessories for cars, Assa Abloy Oy Oy, Osuuskauppa in North Karelia, E. Hartikainen Oy operating in the areas of earthworks and automobile business, and Laakkonen Oy.


Question: The number one largest urban area in Finland is Joensuu?

Joensuu

[12] Jobs by industry (2002): Social services 40.6% Industry 15.8% Trade, accommodation and restaurant activities 15.7% Financial, insurance and other activities 12.1% Transport, storage and telecommunications 7.5% Construction 5.2% Unknown 1.3% Electricity, gas and telecommunications water supply 1.1% Agriculture, game, forestry and fisheries 0.6% Mining and quarrying 0.1% Joensuu's unemployment rate was 14.5% on 31 January 2007 [13] Major employers 2006: City of Joensuu (4409 employees), Municipal Corporation of North Karelia Hospital District (2220), University of Joensuu (1244), Abloy Oy (800), North Karelia Educational Association (537), North Karelia Cooperative Shop (512), VR Companies (430), North Karelian Kirjapaino Oyj (317) and Schauman Wood Oy (292).