Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jari Eilola, Matti Rautiainen and Heikki Roiko-Jokela| title = Traveling in time| number = Winter War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2002| isbn = 951-0-27058-x}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Käkönen U. | title = Military Attaché Moscow 1939| publisher = Otava| year = 1966}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Little Giant of Finnish History | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2003| isbn = 951-0-27365-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (eds.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| isbn = 951-0-28690-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mannerheim, C.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

G.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

E.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

& Virkkunen, Sakari| title = Memoirs of a Marshal of Finland| publisher = The Great Finnish Book Club| year = 1995| id = ISBN 951-643-469-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sander, Gordon F.| title = Battle for Finland 1939—1940| others = Translated by ArtoHäilä) | publisher = WSOHÄILÄ) | publisher = WSOHÄILÄ Y | year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-951-0-35299-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tanner, Väinö| title = I was foreign minister during the winter war| number = Negotiation phase| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 1979| isbn = 951-30-4813-6}}, replace with {{cite book| author = Trotter, William R.| title= Frozen hell — The Russo-Finnish winter war of 1939—1940| location = Chapel Hill| publisher = Algonquin Books| year = 2000| isbn=1-56512-249-6| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

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Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uitto, Antero and Geust, Carl-Fredrik| title = Mannerheim Line — Winter War legend| location = Helsinki| publisher = Idea Books| year = 2006| isbn = 951-20-7042-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Krivoška Eyev, G. F.| title = Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century| location = London| publisher = Greenhill Books| year = 1997| isbn = 1-85367-280-7| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti| title = Winter War Little Giant| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-0-23536-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003| isbn = 951-35-6630-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = Pilot's Perspective II| location = Kerava| publisher = own publication: Jukka Ruunio| title = Pilot's Perspective II| location = Kerava| publisher = self-published: Jukka Ruunio| year = 1999| 3| id = ISBN 951- 96866-0-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haataja, Lauri| title = When the people gathered themselves| publisher = Oak | year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-30-9170-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Käkelä, Erkki| title = Marsk Armor Destroyers: Finland evolution of anti-tank and the history of anti-tank units of the tank group| publisher = WSOY| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-0-24638-7}}.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

References Literature Winter War as an experience.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Historical Society of Northern Finland.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Rovaniemi, 2011.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Blücher, Wipert von| title = Fate of Finland — Recollections from 1935—1944.| publisher = WSOY| year = 1950}} Citation error, with {{cite book| author = Edwards, Robert (English) Porio, Jouni) | title = Winter War with European Eye| publisher = Minerva| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-952-492-072-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Holmila, Antero| title = Winter War with others| publisher = Atena| year = 2009}} Citation with error, replace {{cite book| author = Irincheev, Bair| title = Winter War with Russian eyes.| publisher = Minerva| year = 2012}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Krohn, Aarni| title = 30.11.1939 — First Hours of Winter War | publisher = January| year = 1979| id = ISBN 951-30-9276-3}}, replace with {{cite book| author = Langdon-Davies, John| title = Attack in the snow: Winter War in the eyes of a British correspondent | location = Helsinki| publisher = Paasilinna| year = 2014| version = (Finland — the First Total War, 1940.)


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Translated by Simo Liikanen.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Foreword by Debbie Langdon-Davis| isbn = 978-952-299-024-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mononen, Väinö| title = War Road of a Battalion.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

2016| publisher = Books on Demand, Helsinki| year = | id = ISBN 978-952-339-478-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mononen, Väinö| title = Death Alley | publisher = Alfamer Oy, Helsinki| year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-472-043-4} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mononen, Väinö| title = Fireflames of Tuonela. | publisher = Edico Oy, Helsinki| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-5708-44-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niukkanen, Juho| title = Winter War Defence Minister tells.| publisher = WSOO Y| year = 1951}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

) | title = The Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-0-32917-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasikivi, J. K.| = My Activities in Moscow and Finland 1939—1941| publisher = WSOY (4th edition 1986) .| year = 1958| id = ISBN 951-0-13576-3.}}


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Winter War Battles| publisher = Map Center| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-593-068-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Richly, Gábor| title = Brother for Brother: Winter War and Hungary| publisher = Docendo| year = 2015| isbn = 978-952-291-168-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Richly, Gábor| title = Hungary and Finnish Winter Wars.| location = Helsinki| publisher = Military Historical Journal| year = | pages = 134-196}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Sander, Gordon F.| title= The Hundred Day Winter War: Finland's Gallant Stand Against the Soviet Army| location = Lawrence| publisher = University Press of Kansas| year = 2013| version=Modern War Studies| isbn = 978-0-7006-1910-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hedgehog, Ensio, et al.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

(ed.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

) | title = Winter War Chronicle| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1997| id = ISBN 951-20-3446-8.}


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Stepakov, Viktor & Orehov, Dmitri| title = Parade March to Finland: Winter War with the eyes of Russians | publisher = WSOY| year = 1992| version = Translated by Matti Hyvärinen| id = ISBN 951-0-18304-0}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| id = ISBN 951-0-18304-0}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| k| author = English , Juhani| title = Myrrysman — Urho Kekkonen 1936—1944.| publisher = Otava| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-1-06567-X.}}


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Finland, Juhani| title = Winter War background — Soviet Union in Finnish foreign policy 1937—1939.| publisher = Otava| year = 1973| id = ISBN 951-1-00251-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tanner, Väinö| title = I was Foreign Minister during the winter war| publisher = Oak | year = 1950}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tepora, Tuas| title = Spirit of War: Beautiful and Ugly Winter War| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2015| id = ISBN 978-951-0-40166-8}} Citation with error, replace {{cite book| author = Tuomikoski, Pekka| title = Winter War — Population Transfers.| publisher = AtlaSart| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Importing, Value | title = Storm| publisher = January| year = 1970}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uitto, Antero| title = Winter War with the eyes of the Red Army| publisher = Karisto| year = 1999| id = ISBN 978-951-233-939-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vihavainen, Timo & Sakharov, Andrei (ed.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

) | title = Unknown Winter War: Soviet secret police folders| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2009| version=Translations by Maija Dahlgren en m| id = ISBN 978-951-37-5598-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vladimirov, Viktor| title = Towards winter war | publisher = Otava, 1995| year = 1995}} On topic elsewhere (135 pcs) Archives Institute.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

{{country data {{{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size= | name= | altlink =national rugby union team | altvar =rugby union}} (Archives Department) Broadcasting #sota39 updates the stages of the war day by day on Twitter.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

The events of 75 years ago are recounted through actual conversations and decisions held by the country's martial government, condensed into tweets.


Question: Where was the biggest battle of the Winter War taking place?

Winter War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Show wrestling (often also screen wrestling or American free-wrestling; is literally translated as professional wrestling) is a form of entertainment in which participants struggle in show-like, pre-scripted matches.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

The sport's rules and various competitions are loosely based on the rules of wrestling, but nowadays the sport has even less to do with free-wrestling being practiced as a competitive sport.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Professional wrestling originated with itinerant circuses, strongmen, etc.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

from shows.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

For nearly a century, show wrestlers claimed the sport was a genuine competitive sport and they protected the secrets of the industry.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

US-based World Wrestling Entertainment, or WWE, is the best-known and largest promotion in show wrestling and WWE's flagship series Monday Night RAW is the longest-running weekly program in television history and features over 1,000 episodes.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

[1] Show wrestling and entertainment Showwrestling has certain confluences with the Commedia dell'arte, popular in the 15th—18th centuries.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

In modern free-wrestling, such include plot patterns, interviews, as well as special and ending moves and plot patterns can last for several years.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

These elements unrelated to wrestling per se are sometimes referred to as sports entertainment ().


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

By the early part of the 20th century, more and more matches were held.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Despite this, for almost a whole century, the sport was advertised as an authentic competitive sport.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Over time, however, the organizers' emphasis shifted from credible action to the side of clearly entertainment-like spectacle.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

However, good fitness and athletic backgrounds are still required of wrestlers.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Today, the sport is very popular in the United States and has become as if it were a sports soap series: a great spectacle with scripted personalities with histories and backgrounds, matches full of spectacular and surprising events, and much more than just what happens in the ring activities.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Wrestlers are often divided into so-called good guys and bad guys, namely facets and heels.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Faces strive to be fair, good-natured and inspiring.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

The Heels, on the other hand, are contemptuous, berating the crowd and committing evils like going on a bunch of others or attacking wrestlers they hate outside of matches.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

There is often a quarrelsome plot pattern, or feuds, between the Faces and the Heels.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

For example, because of great frustration, the face may sometimes turn heel and the term heel-turn is used for this.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Some wrestlers are also in the middle of the face and heel and the term tweener is used for them.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Reality and fantasy matches are pre-arranged and rehearsed.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

It is not granted in full transparency, but on the other hand, the sport is primarily marketed as entertainment.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

The moves are made in collaboration with the opponent and their effects are exaggerated.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Despite this, most movements are correct and painful, and if performed incorrectly they can cause serious injury.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show wrestling

Tough physical fitness is required from the peaks of the sport, a lot of exercise in learning safe techniques, as well as acting skills.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

When a wrestler “bleeds” in the ring, the bloodshed, or juicing, is genuine, although it is normally self-inflicted with a razor blade (blading).


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

For more vocabulary, see American free-wrestling slang.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Sometimes a wrestler deliberately breaks the script and strives to win the match honestly.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

These days, though, this doesn't happen at the top level.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Rules The umpire has the final say in all matches, and only he himself can overturn the decision he has made.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Normally, even the owners of the company that organizes matches and the employers of wrestlers have no influence over decisions.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

However, these rules can be changed if the story so requires.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The unofficial motto of free-wrestling when it comes to interpreting the rules is “If the umpire didn't see, it didn't happen.”


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

In other words, everything is allowed as long as the judge doesn't see the violation.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The Heels often exploit this, doing their wormwood behind the umpire's back.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Hitting is permitted as long as the batsman uses an open palm (therefore not a closed fist).


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

You can only kick the butt.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

If one of the fighters touches the ropes, the grip must be loosened before the umpire can count to five; this rule is often used to escape the locks.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The wrestler may also place his foot or hand on the rope to avoid loss due to shoulders on the mat.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The Heels use ropes as an aid when busting their opponents: they take support from the ropes, making the busting attempt more effective.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The match can be won by busting, forfeit, ejection, treble, or if the opponent does not have time to get up from the canvees when the umpire counts to 10.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The wrestler must bust the opponent in such a way that both his shoulders are on the mat while the umpire strikes the mat three times.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

This is the most common way to decide a match.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

In general, it is against the rules to use ropes as an aid when pressing shoulders to the mat.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Scriptwriters often use this rule as an aid when facen comes to lose a match.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Forfeit In a forfeit, the wrestler undergoes an ankle, wrist or leg lock, for example, and is unable to continue the match due to pain or loss of consciousness.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Loss of consciousness in a stranglehold is considered a knockout.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The umpire usually determines loss of consciousness by raising the fighter's hand and then dropping it down.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

If the drop is repeated three times without the fighter being able to prevent the hand from falling, he or she is considered unconscious.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Nowadays, a wrestler can give up by beating, that is, hitting the mat three times.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Rug beating is a relatively new concept in free-wrestling: it was brought along in the mid-1990s as Oriental martial arts grew in popularity.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

In these species, rug hitting has always been accepted as a sign of donation.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Recently, verbal rendition has also been adopted at some events when a wrestler cannot move his arms due to a lock.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

However, this is quite rare.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

A lock or other handover grip is removable if the wrestler in the lock touches the ropes with any part of their body.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Outfall An out occurs when the matchmaker does not have time to return to the ring after the judge counted to ten (usually counted at twenty in Japan).


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

If both wrestlers lie motionless in the canvees, the umpire starts counting to ten.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The decline is interrupted only after both wrestlers stand up.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

If one of the wrestlers fails to get up before counting to 10, the match ends with a victory for the upright wrestler.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

If neither of the fighters have time to react to the referee's count, the match will end in a draw.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Discus The following violations result in a disqualification: the grip is not removed while the opponent is holding the rope, and the umpire counts to five holding or biting the opponent longer than until five repeated strokes with a closed fist, by four any out-of-match disturbance Hitting an opponent with some object — however, striking an opponent against an object does not normally result in a disqualification a direct blow under the belt hitting the opponent's eye or scratching the opponent's pants in busting.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

In practice, these rules are constantly violated without discourse, because the judge is harassed and does not see the offence.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Generally, the judge must see the infraction with his own eyes in order to order a disqualification, and the judge's decision is almost always final.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

It is relatively common for judges to be knocked out in matches; in this case all avenues are allowed until the umpire regains consciousness or a new judge enters the ring.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

This plot twist is often used to change the direction of the match to the exact opposite.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Occasionally, matches feature dishonest special referees (usually heels) who don't judge honestly because of their nasty character.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

On the other hand, the match can also be refereed by a face who may deliberately judge dishonestly to feed the heel his own medicine.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Variations The rules have changed over time.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

In the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), for example, rules prohibited throwing an opponent over a rope.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

In the now already disbanded WCW (World Championship Wrestling), rules prohibited jumping from the top rope on an opponent in the early 1990s, but this was dropped due to fan opposition and the sacking of the rule's inventor, Bill Watts.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Both violations once led to discourse.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Unlike the 90s ECW (Extreme Championship Wrestling) singles matches didn't feature discos either.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The ECW rules have mostly fallen out of use since the acquisition of ECW by WWE in 2001 as the latter suffered financial difficulties.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Some matches may use the rules of the old ECW, but these are now referred to in WWE as Extreme Rules.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Show wrestling in the world Stereotypically seen as an American phenomenon, show wrestling is also practiced in many other countries.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Canada, Japan and Mexico have become famous show wrestlers.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Japanese show wrestling is known as Puroresu and Mexican as Lucha Libre.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Lucha Libre is particularly well known for the masks worn by wrestlers or luchadors and many luchadors have gone through their entire careers without removing their masks or revealing their true identities.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Losing the mask is considered a great shame in Lucha Libre.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Show Wrestling in Finland There have been three serious attempts to create a free wrestling promotion in Finland.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

With hard marketing and hard names, Valhalla Pro Wrestling sought to quickly become profitable.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

However, the public was disappointed when the names promoted by the company were not seen in the ring, and Valhalla was quickly discontinued due to weak finances.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

PWF, or Pro Wrestling Finlandia, continued after Valhalla, but with considerably more moderation.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

PWF held wrestling events in the Uusimaa region every few months for a few years until ceasing operations.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

The tradition of Finnish professional wrestling is continued by Fight Club Finland.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

On September 3, 2007, Finnish show wrestling began to be shown on television for the first time as SMASH TV began broadcasting on Diggari channel.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Show wrestling was shown in Finland (RAW, SmackDown!


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

and WWE NXT) on MTV3 MAX on Friday-Saturday nights, but it was discontinued.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

See also American Free Wrestling Slang Fight Club Finland PWF World Wrestling Entertainment WrestleMania Sources On topic elsewhere Smarkside:.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Stunned Podcast:.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Scrooge Mocha:.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

Student Journal 15/2002.


Question: What is show wrestling?

Show Wrestling

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Which country was Ludwig Wittgenstein?

Louis

Louis (Ludwig) is a male given name of Germanic origin whose initial form Clodowech signifies “famous warrior”.


Question: Which country was Ludwig Wittgenstein?

Louis

[1] The name, with its variations, has also been the name of many rulers.


Question: Which country was Ludwig Wittgenstein?

Louis

The French equivalent of the name is Louis, but the name Louis is firmly used in Finnish for kings named Louis.


Question: Which country was Ludwig Wittgenstein?

Louis

In Finland, from the beginning of the 20th century by the end of September 2018, the name was given to 1716 persons in the form Ludvig and 269 persons in the form Ludwig


Question: Which country was Ludwig Wittgenstein?

Louis

[2] The name does not exist in the Finnish almanac, but in the Finnish-Swedish almanac, as well as in Sweden, Louis's name day is October 2.


Question: Which country was Ludwig Wittgenstein?

Louis

Known Louis Sovereign Kings of Bavaria () Louis I (1825—1848) Louis II (1864—1886) Louis III (1913—1918) King of Holland () Louis Napoleon (oik. Louis Bonaparte; 1806—1810) Kings of Spain () Louis I (1724) Kings of Portugal: () Louis I (1861—1889) King of Poland () Louis I the Great (1370—1382, also King of Hungary) Kings of the Franks and France () Louis I the Pious (813—840) Louis II (877—879) Louis III (879—888) Louis IV (936—954) Louis V (986—987) Louis VI the Thick (1108—1137) Louis VII the Young (1137—1180) Louis VIII the Lion (1223—1226) Louis IX the Holy (1226—1270) Louis X (1314—1316) Louis XI (1461—1483) Louis XII (1498—1515) Louis XIII (1610—1643) Louis XIV the Great (1643—1715) Louis XV Beloved (1715—1770) Louis XVI (1770—1792) Louis XVIII (1814—1824) Louis Philip (1830—1848) emperors of Germany and kings of East Francia () Louis I the Pious (Frankish king 814—840, same as Louis I of France) Louis the German, King of Bavaria 817—843, King of East Francia 843—876 Louis the Child, King of East Francia 899—911 Louis II (Emperor 855—875) Louis III (Emperor 901—905) Louis IV of Bavaria (King of Germany and Italy 1314—1347, Emperor 1328—1347) Louis I the Great (1342) —1382, since 1370 also King of Poland) Louis II (1516—1526, also King of Bohemia and Croatia) Kings of Saxony, Franconia and Thuringia: Louis the Young (King 876—882) Princes of Monaco () Louis I (1662—1701) Louis II (1922—1949) Crown Prince of France Louis XVI (1661—1711), son of Louis XIV, “Grand Dauphin” Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1682—1712), son of the previous, Louis XV, Duke of Brittany (1707—1712), son of the previous Louis XVI, and Louis XVII, and Charles X's father Louis (Louis Joseph, 1781—1789), Louis XVI's son Louis XVII, Louis Charles (1785—1795), son of Louis XVI (never as monarch, but ordinal number refers to him) Louis, Duke of Angoulême (1775—1844), son of Charles X (for a short time, according to royalists, King Louis XIX in 1830) Other Louis and Ludwigeja Louis, Crown Prince of France (Grand Dauphin), son of Louis XIV, Ludwig Abeille, German composer and pianist Ludwig Anzengruber, Austrian writer Ludwig Aschoff, German pathologist, anatomist and professor Ludwig Augustinsson, Swedish footballer Ludwig Averkamp, German Catholic Archbishop Ludwig Bachmann, German chess historian Ludwig Beck, German general, Chief of the General Staff Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer and pianist Ludwig Beisiegel, German ground hockey player Ludwig von Benedek, German ground hockey player, Austrian general Ludwig von Bertalanffy, German-Canadian biologist and philosopher Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist, thermodynamics researcher Ludwig Borchardt, German Egyptologist Ludvig Borga, stage name used by Tony Halmee as a show wrestler, Estonian composer and organist Ludwig Büchner, German philosopher and physician Ludwig Byström, Swedish ice hockey player Ludwig Bölkow, German film engineer Ludwig Börne, German political writer and satirist Ludvig Gustaf Leonhard Clouberg, Finnish senator Ludwig von Cobenzl, Austrian politician and diplomat Ludwig Czaczkes, Austrian composer, musicologist and pianist Ludwig Drescher, Danish footballer Ludwig Engels, German-Brazilian chess player Enkvist, Finnish villain and writer Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor of Germany 1963—1966 Ludvig Fabritius, Finnish veterinarian, founder member and chairman of the Horse Breeding Association Hippos, Ludvig Faddeyev, Russian mathematician and theoretical physicist Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher Ludwig Fischer, German Formula One driver Ludwig Förster, Austrian architect Ludwig Gredler, Austrian biathlon Ludwig Guttmann, German neurosurgeon, founder of the Paralympics Ludwig Heck, German biologist Ludvig Hoff, Norwegian ice hockey player Ludvig Holberg, Danish-Norwegian playwright and historian Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg, Prime Minister of Denmark 1870—1874 Ludvig Håkanson, Swedish basketball player Ludwig Jekels, Austrian physician and psychoanalyst Ludvig Søgnen Jensen, Norwegian cross-country skier Ludwig Karlsson, Swedish ice hockey player Ludvig Karsten, Norwegian painter Ludvig Gabriel Kiljander, Finnish seminar lecturer and textbook author Ludwig Klages, German philosopher and psychologist Ludvig Kosonen, Finnish communist and writer Ludwig Kübler, German general Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist, writer, composer, botanist and publisher Ludwig Laqueur, German ophthalmologist Ludvig Albert Emanuel Laurén, Finnish-Swedish writer Ludvig Leonard Laurén, Finnish-Swedish journalist and writer Ludwig Leichhardt, Prussian explorer, plant and zoologist and geologist Ludwig Leitner, German alpine skier and world champion Ludvig Isak Lindqvist, Finnish architect Ludvig Lindström insurance director and SDP MP Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German-American architect and designer Ludwig Minkus, Austrian composer and violinist Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist Ludwig David Morenz, German Egyptologist and professor Ludwig Müller, German military pastor, Hitler's advisor in ecclesiastical affairs Ludvig Munsterhjelm, Finnish writer Ludvig Mäntylä, Finnish lieutenant colonel Ludwig Heinrich von Nicolay, German-Russian academician and writer, President of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1700- century Ludvig Nielsen, Norwegian composer and organist Ludvig Nobel, Swedish-Russian engineer and industrialist, founder of Russian oil industry Ludwig Nohl, German music writer Ludvig Nordström, Swedish writer Ludwig Paischer, Austrian judoka Ludwig Purtscheller, Austrian mountaineer Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ludwig Reichenbach, German plant and ornithologist Ludvig Rensfeldt, Swedish ice hockey player Ludwig von Reuter, German admiral Ludwig Richter, German painter, draughtsman and professor Ludvig Mikael Runeberg, Finnish naturalist and artist Ludwig Schick, German Catholic Archbishop Ludwig Schuberth, Austrian handballer Ludwig Schwarz, Austrian Catholic bishop Ludwig Scotty, Nauru President 2003 and 2004—2007 Ludwig Sebastian, German Catholic Bishop Ludwig Senfl, German-Swiss composer Ludwig Struve, Russian astronomer Ludwig Stumpfegger, German SS doctor Ludwig Thienemann, German physician, avian and entomologist Ludwig Thuille, German composer Ludwig Tieck, German poet, writer and translator Ludwig Traube, German physician and professor Ludwig Trepte, German actor Ludwig Uhland, German poet Ludvig Unggren, Finnish editor Ludvig Alexander Wennerström, Finnish vicar Ludvig Wennervirta, Finnish art historian, critic and professor Ludwig Windthorst, German politician Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian-English philosopher Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg, Prussian count and field marshal Fictional Ludwigs Ludwig von Drake, Taavi Duck, Professor in Donald Duck comics Ludwig von Koopa, character in the Koopalings game series Other uses of the name Ludwig-Musser, a drum character.


Question: Which country was Ludwig Wittgenstein?

Louis

Sources Category:First names


Question: What land was Louis II of?

Louis


Question: What land was Louis II of?

Louis


Question: What land was Louis II of?

Louis


Question: What land was Louis II of?

Louis


Question: What land was Louis II of?

Louis


Question: What land was Louis II of?

Louis

Known Louis Sovereign Kings of Bavaria () Louis I (1825—1848) Louis II (1864—1886) Louis III (1913—1918) King of Holland () Louis Napoleon (oik. Louis Bonaparte; 1806—1810) Kings of Spain () Louis I (1724) Kings of Portugal: () Louis I (1861—1889) King of Poland () Louis I the Great (1370—1382, also King of Hungary) Kings of the Franks and France () Louis I the Pious (813—840) Louis II (877—879) Louis III (879—888) Louis IV (936—954) Louis V (986—987) Louis VI the Thick (1108—1137) Louis VII the Young (1137—1180) Louis VIII the Lion (1223—1226) Louis IX the Holy (1226—1270) Louis X (1314—1316) Louis XI (1461—1483) Louis XII (1498—1515) Louis XIII (1610—1643) Louis XIV the Great (1643—1715) Louis XV Beloved (1715—1770) Louis XVI (1770—1792) Louis XVIII (1814—1824) Louis Philip (1830—1848) emperors of Germany and kings of East Francia () Louis I the Pious (Frankish king 814—840, same as Louis I of France) Louis the German, King of Bavaria 817—843, King of East Francia 843—876 Louis the Child, King of East Francia 899—911 Louis II (Emperor 855—875) Louis III (Emperor 901—905) Louis IV of Bavaria (King of Germany and Italy 1314—1347, Emperor 1328—1347) Louis I the Great (1342) —1382, since 1370 also King of Poland) Louis II (1516—1526, also King of Bohemia and Croatia) Kings of Saxony, Franconia and Thuringia: Louis the Young (King 876—882) Princes of Monaco () Louis I (1662—1701) Louis II (1922—1949) Crown Prince of France Louis XVI (1661—1711), son of Louis XIV, “Grand Dauphin” Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1682—1712), son of the previous, Louis XV, Duke of Brittany (1707—1712), son of the previous Louis XVI, and Louis XVII, and Charles X's father Louis (Louis Joseph, 1781—1789), Louis XVI's son Louis XVII, Louis Charles (1785—1795), son of Louis XVI (never as monarch, but ordinal number refers to him) Louis, Duke of Angoulême (1775—1844), son of Charles X (for a short time, according to royalists, King Louis XIX in 1830) Other Louis and Ludwigeja Louis, Crown Prince of France (Grand Dauphin), son of Louis XIV, Ludwig Abeille, German composer and pianist Ludwig Anzengruber, Austrian writer Ludwig Aschoff, German pathologist, anatomist and professor Ludwig Augustinsson, Swedish footballer Ludwig Averkamp, German Catholic Archbishop Ludwig Bachmann, German chess historian Ludwig Beck, German general, Chief of the General Staff Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer and pianist Ludwig Beisiegel, German ground hockey player Ludwig von Benedek, German ground hockey player, Austrian general Ludwig von Bertalanffy, German-Canadian biologist and philosopher Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist, thermodynamics researcher Ludwig Borchardt, German Egyptologist Ludvig Borga, stage name used by Tony Halmee as a show wrestler, Estonian composer and organist Ludwig Büchner, German philosopher and physician Ludwig Byström, Swedish ice hockey player Ludwig Bölkow, German film engineer Ludwig Börne, German political writer and satirist Ludvig Gustaf Leonhard Clouberg, Finnish senator Ludwig von Cobenzl, Austrian politician and diplomat Ludwig Czaczkes, Austrian composer, musicologist and pianist Ludwig Drescher, Danish footballer Ludwig Engels, German-Brazilian chess player Enkvist, Finnish villain and writer Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor of Germany 1963—1966 Ludvig Fabritius, Finnish veterinarian, founder member and chairman of the Horse Breeding Association Hippos, Ludvig Faddeyev, Russian mathematician and theoretical physicist Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher Ludwig Fischer, German Formula One driver Ludwig Förster, Austrian architect Ludwig Gredler, Austrian biathlon Ludwig Guttmann, German neurosurgeon, founder of the Paralympics Ludwig Heck, German biologist Ludvig Hoff, Norwegian ice hockey player Ludvig Holberg, Danish-Norwegian playwright and historian Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg, Prime Minister of Denmark 1870—1874 Ludvig Håkanson, Swedish basketball player Ludwig Jekels, Austrian physician and psychoanalyst Ludvig Søgnen Jensen, Norwegian cross-country skier Ludwig Karlsson, Swedish ice hockey player Ludvig Karsten, Norwegian painter Ludvig Gabriel Kiljander, Finnish seminar lecturer and textbook author Ludwig Klages, German philosopher and psychologist Ludvig Kosonen, Finnish communist and writer Ludwig Kübler, German general Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist, writer, composer, botanist and publisher Ludwig Laqueur, German ophthalmologist Ludvig Albert Emanuel Laurén, Finnish-Swedish writer Ludvig Leonard Laurén, Finnish-Swedish journalist and writer Ludwig Leichhardt, Prussian explorer, plant and zoologist and geologist Ludwig Leitner, German alpine skier and world champion Ludvig Isak Lindqvist, Finnish architect Ludvig Lindström insurance director and SDP MP Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German-American architect and designer Ludwig Minkus, Austrian composer and violinist Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist Ludwig David Morenz, German Egyptologist and professor Ludwig Müller, German military pastor, Hitler's advisor in ecclesiastical affairs Ludvig Munsterhjelm, Finnish writer Ludvig Mäntylä, Finnish lieutenant colonel Ludwig Heinrich von Nicolay, German-Russian academician and writer, President of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1700- century Ludvig Nielsen, Norwegian composer and organist Ludvig Nobel, Swedish-Russian engineer and industrialist, founder of Russian oil industry Ludwig Nohl, German music writer Ludvig Nordström, Swedish writer Ludwig Paischer, Austrian judoka Ludwig Purtscheller, Austrian mountaineer Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ludwig Reichenbach, German plant and ornithologist Ludvig Rensfeldt, Swedish ice hockey player Ludwig von Reuter, German admiral Ludwig Richter, German painter, draughtsman and professor Ludvig Mikael Runeberg, Finnish naturalist and artist Ludwig Schick, German Catholic Archbishop Ludwig Schuberth, Austrian handballer Ludwig Schwarz, Austrian Catholic bishop Ludwig Scotty, Nauru President 2003 and 2004—2007 Ludwig Sebastian, German Catholic Bishop Ludwig Senfl, German-Swiss composer Ludwig Struve, Russian astronomer Ludwig Stumpfegger, German SS doctor Ludwig Thienemann, German physician, avian and entomologist Ludwig Thuille, German composer Ludwig Tieck, German poet, writer and translator Ludwig Traube, German physician and professor Ludwig Trepte, German actor Ludwig Uhland, German poet Ludvig Unggren, Finnish editor Wennerström, Finnish vicar Ludvig Wennervirta, Finnish art historian, critic and professor Ludwig Windthorst, German politician Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian-English philosopher Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg, Prussian count and field marshal Fictional Ludwigs Ludwig von Drake, Taavi Duck, Professor in Donald Duck comics Ludwig von Koopa, character in the Koopalings game series Other uses of the name Ludwig-Musser, a drum character.


Question: What land was Louis II of?

Louis

Sources Category:First names


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Process theories are motivation theories that analyze how a person is mobilized, how motion is maintained, how it is controlled, and how to make it end.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

[1] People interpret and perceive situations individually and different expectations are formed for them based on these.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Process theories describe these individual differences in response to external and internal factors.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Process theories describe and analyze how to mobilize a human being, how motion is maintained, how it is controlled, and how to bring it to an end.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Victor Vroom's expected value theory was created by Victor Vroom in 1965 and after him the theory has been continued and further developed by Porter & Lawler as well as Bandura.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Expectation value theory is one of the most used motivational theories in the corporate world.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

In particular, it has been used in the design of company reward systems.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

According to expected value theories, a person is motivated if the performance of the task yields him the desired reward or benefit (instrument value).


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

The reward to be received should not be too easy or difficult to achieve (waiting).


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

If a person values the reward for performance, it also includes the incitement value.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

According to expected value theory, people's motivation is conscious and rational and its intensity depends on how they perceive the benefit and reward attractiveness of performance.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Simply according to the theory; the employee is motivated to make a high level of job performance if a good job performance results from trying and rewards.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

The reward can be a bonus, an increase in salary, a promotion and it satisfies the employee's personal goals.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Because of this, the theory looks at three main factors: (Robbins 2000,171 - 173; Viitala 2004, 158 — 159; Hersey 1996, 37) Expectation value theory helps explain why even many workers are not motivated in their work and only do the minimum.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

In order for a person to be highly motivated, they need to believe in their own abilities and power of influence.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

If he doesn't think he can improve his work performance, neither will he put any effort into it.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

The same is true for premiums.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

If the additional efforts do not add value to the employee, he will not increase his work performance either.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

If the reward to be received is not realistically available or has no value to the employee, it also does not add motivation.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

In addition, each employee values rewards differently.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

The valuation gained for someone is more important than financial rewards.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 171-173; Viitala 2004, 158 - 159; Hersey 1996, 37) Three theses can be derived from the theory of sources of motivation activating action: 1.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Believe in the fact that it is possible to achieve the goal.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Believe in the value and meaning of the goal.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Believe that the effort will yield a reward.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Viitala 2004, 155) Adams' equilibrium theory in Adams' theory of equilibrium, man seeks justice in his actions.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

He compares his own input/output ratio to those of other people.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

He compares the relationship of other people and their own contributions, attempts, education and experience to the consideration received, which is formed by salary and other economic benefits, status and prestige.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Man compares balance in four different ways: 1. Self from within: An employee's own experiences within the organization in different positions.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

2. Self-Outside: Employee's own experiences and situations from outside the organization.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

3. Other-Inside: Comparison of other individuals and groups in the same organization.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

4. Other-Outside: Comparison of other individuals and groups in other organizations.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 169 — 171; Viitala 2004, 159) A worker can compare himself to himself, his friends, neighbors, co-workers and other work factors.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

An employee may experience themselves as either underrewarded, fairly rewarded, or overpaid.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

If an employee feels the situation is unfair, he or she seeks to balance the situation, according to Adams, using one of the following options: 1. labor input matching: increasing or decreasing work effort.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

2. reward matching: lowering quality and making more of what you are rewarded for.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

3. distorting observations about oneself: “I used to think I worked mediocre, but I work more than others”.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

4. distorting observations from others: “It is not as good as I thought it was”.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

5. comparison group exchange: “I may not earn as much as my brother, but much more than my father”.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

6. Field change: job change.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 169-171; Viitala 2004, 159) Adams' theory states that the employee compares the balance of the input/output ratio, the criteria for determining rewards (precedural justice) and their treatment at all in the workplace.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(interactional justice) (Robbins 2000, 169 - 171; Viitala 2004, 159) Edwin Locke's goal theory Edwin A. Locke began motivational studies in the 1960s and continued them for thirty years.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

The studies originated with Aristotle's musings on “intent to cause action”.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Locke's goal theory is one of the most used motivational theories in companies because it is the most valid of all.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Locke says employees are motivated by clear goals and clear and meaningful feedback.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Working towards a clear goal increases performance and commitment.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 166-167; Grassroad 1998, 55-57) Locke's studies showed task difficulty and clarity greatly affect people's performance.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Challenging and clear goals lead to better performances than easy and ambiguous goals.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

For example, the goals should not be as follows: “Do your best” and “Try hard”, but better motivate with clear goals such as “Be better than last” or “Do at least 80% right”.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 166-167; Ruohotie 1998, 55-57) According to Locke, five main principles should be taken into account when setting targets: 1.clarity (clarity) Clear objectives are measurable, unambiguous and practical.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

When the goal is clear, specific and time-limited, it is easier to know what behaviour is being rewarded for and what is expected.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

If the goal is ambiguous or generic “Do your best”, it has a limited motivational effect.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 166 - 167; Grassroad 1998, 55 - 57) 2. challenge (challenge) One of the most important factors of a motivational goal is its challenge.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

People are often motivated by their accomplishments and evaluate tasks according to whether they bring the joy of achievement.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Nor must the task be too challenging and realistically accomplished.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 166 - 167; Rauhotie 1998, 55 - 57) 3. commitment Employees are more easily committed to goals if they are involved in creating goals.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Employee inclusive methods should be used when setting goals, and when an employee agrees with goals, they are more committed to them.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

From the degree of human commitment, one can note how worthy of pursuing he considers the goal.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 166 -167; Ruohotie 1998, 55 - 57) 4. feedback (feedback) In addition to a good target program, feedback is needed.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Feedback provides an opportunity to find out expectations, set the difficulty level of the task and get recognition for the work.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

It is important to set interest points so that an individual can monitor their own performance during work.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 166 -167; RUO-Hotie 1998, 55 - 57) 5. complexity When the work is extremely complex, you must ensure that the work does not become too insurmountable and allow time to improve performance and familiarize yourself with the objectives.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

A complex task may hamper execution if learning is in the early stages, the task requires invention, or there is pressure on performance.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

(Robbins 2000, 166 -167; Grassroad 1998, 55 - 57) Sources Hagemann G.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

1991, The Art of Motivating, Weilin Göös Heikkilä T. 2004, Statistical Research, 5 edition, Edita Publishing Oy, Helsinki Hersey P. 1996, Managment of organizational behaviour, 7 edition, Simon A & Schuster Company, New Yersey Herzberg F.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

2003, Harvard Business review on motivating people, HB school publishing cor-poration Hirsjärvi S. — Hurme Helena 1980, Theme interview, Tammer-Paino Oy, Tampere Juuti, P. 1987 Workplace atmosphere, Helsinki, Finnish Professional Promotion Institute Kauhanen J. 2006, Managing human resources, wsoy, 3rd edition 99-104 Maslow A. H. 1954, Motivation and Personality, Universal Container Corporation, Second edition Myers, M.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

P. 1970.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Every Employee a Manager.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

More Meaningful Work Through Job en-Richment.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

New York: McGraw Hill Niermeyer R.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

& Seyffert M.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

2004, Motivation, LLC Rastor Ab, Helsinki Peltonen M.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

— Ruohotie P. 1987, Methods to improve the desire to work, Otava.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

No 4.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Keuruu Piili M.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

2006, Keys to supervisory work; Managing human encounters, Gummerrus Kirjapaino Oy, Jyväskylä.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

Robbins P. S. 2000, Organizational Behaviour, 9 edition, Prentice-Hall inc, New Jersey Robbins P. S. 2001, Organizational Behaviour, Prentice-Hall inc, New Jersey Ruohotie P. 1998, Motivation, Will and Learning, LLC Edita Ab, Helsinki Viitala R.


Question: Who has developed the theory of motivation?

Process theories

2004, Human Resources Management, Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki, 4 edition References Category:Behavior Category:Cognition


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The Voed petroglyphs are located in Russia in the Republic of Karelia on rocky headlands on the eastern coast of the Vodla River and nearby islands 15 km south from the mouth of the river Vodla to the river Black River (ven.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Chornaya Retška) in and around.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Petroglyphs have been catalogued around 1300 [1], some of which are exhibited in a nearby local museum and in a rock catalogue brought to the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The images are timed to the Stone Age.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Research history In 1848, geologist Konstantin Grewingk heard in the village of Besov Nos that on the shore of the lake there are petroglyphs made by the devil in the rock.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

He sketched some 80 [1] drawings on paper and published them in 1850 in an article explaining the motifs of the images.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Pyotr Schwedt, a lecturer at the Gymnas in Petrozavodsk, also saw the petroglyphs and wrote an article about them in 1850.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[2] [3] Swedish archaeologist Gustaf Hallström also visited the Voice during his trip to Russia in 1910 and discovered the uniqueness of the images.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

He brought with him two scholars the following year, one of whom was named M.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

C. Burgitt, and they reproduced and photographed three of the 412 drawings before the outbreak of World War I.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The images were published in Burgitt's work on European prehistory.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Apparently erosion had already consumed the images, as Grewingki's and Schwedt's drawings differ from those of Hallström in some respects.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[2] [3] J. R. Aspelin was the first Finn to tackle the subject in his 1875 dissertation, but otherwise they were not particularly noted.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Even Russian drawings were not interested until 1926, when Alexander Linevsky, a geography student, became acquainted with the petroglyphs of the Uikujoki River.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

He also went on to study the petroglyphs of the Voice and published a book on them in the 1930s, Petroglify Karelii (Finnish. Karelian petroglyphs).


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

His narratives and reports caught the attention of other scholars in the Soviet Union and abroad.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[2] In 1927, geologist Boris Zemljakov discovered the drawing fields of the larger island of Kladovets Nos, Gazi Nos and Gurj.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

At his suggestion, the Great Pase was transferred to the Karelian homestead museum in Petrozavodsk for safety.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[3] The University of Petrozavodsk was founded in the early 1930s and it hired a number of distinguished archaeologists who began to study the drawings and their nearby places of residence.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Archaeologist Vladislav Ravdonikas organized an expedition in 1935 documenting 482 drawings.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[1] Other Russian interpreters of petroglyphs have included A. J. Brjusov and K. D. Lauškin.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[2] Between 1967 and 1977, under the direction of archaeologist Yuri Savvateyev, extensive surveys were carried out in the surroundings of the drawings and further plotting fields were observed on small Gurj Island, Golets Island, Moluži Island and the mouth of the Black River.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

More images were also found on pre-existing image sites, a few of which were detected beneath the surface of the water.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Until then, 872 drawings had been found.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[1] [3] [4] In 1982, an Estonian group studying ancient art began fieldwork on Voice and they lasted until 1994.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

As a result, additional drawings were found in old image fields.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

In 1986, Väino Poikalainen's expedition discovered a new drawing area in Kochkovnavolok on Lebediny Nos, or Swan Cape, from which 194 drawings were counted.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The current estimate of the total number of images is approximately 1300 according to Aleksander Zhulnikov.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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[1] [3] In 2004, Estonian artist Loit Jõekalda noticed a loose rock cauldron with pre-existing documented patterns.


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He announced his discovery to Zhulnikov, who studied the discovery environment of Peri Nos VI with his research team in 2008—2009, discovering six more bulk slabs.


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One of the tiles had been uncovered under a fallen tree.


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When the shape of the tiles was compared, it was noted that they belonged to the chippings of the adjacent rock.


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Apparently water and spring ice have pushed them on top of the rock.


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There are a total of 31 drawings on the tiles.


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[4] Image fields The petroglyphs appear in Sonical groups where the images are hewn close together, just as they have been done in the Uikujoki petroglyph area 300 km to the north.


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Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The most picture fields are found near the village of Besov Nos, located about 15 km south of the Vodla River at the mouth of the Black River, which melts the lake shore in early spring and attracts waterfowl to the site.


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Stoned Petroglyph Areas

This has not gone unnoticed by people and the location of the image fields is thought to be related to this event.


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[5] The drawings are hewn on glacial grinding bridges, which are freely beaten by the waves of the Stoned.


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Many sites are on long headlands (ven.


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nos) or on rocky islands.


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The plotlines are, from north to south, listed: Lebediny Nos, Kochkovnavolok, Bolshoi Golets, Karetsky Nos, Moduž Island, Peri Nos, Bessov Nos, Kladovets Nos, Gaži Nos, Maly Gurji and Bolšoi Gurji.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The drawings have been made, sometimes taking advantage of cracks, fine lines, and blotches on the rock surface.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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[5] Lebediny Nos at the mouth of the Vodla River in Lebediny Nos, or Swan Cape, has three groups of images.


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There are 94 drawings in the North Group, of which 59 show waterfowl, 16 depicting deer or elk and 4 showing boats.


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The images start on a rock 1.05 metres and finish 2.62 metres above the water level.


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The Great Swan of the Northern Group is 4.1 metres long and is the longest draw of the Sound.


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Waterfowl, and swans in particular, have been important animals for the Voice cartoonists.


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There are only 5 drawings in the western group.


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Of them, 3 are waterfowl and one is a boat.


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There are 53 drawings in the South Group.


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Among them, one is a boat pattern, 36 show animals.


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Here, too, waterfowl, of which there are 28, are in the majority.


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The images of the western group are located between 1.47 and 1.93 metres and the images of the southern group are 1.09—2.36 metres above the water level.


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[1] One circle pattern has been found on the nearby island of Beriozovje.


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Kochkovnavolok at the mouth of the Vodla River is another significant image center of the Kochkovnavolok cape with 118 drawings.


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Of them 73 present waterfowl, 7 deer or elk and 2 other animals.


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Thirty-five patterns remain unrecognisable.


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The images are made between 1.12m and 2.30 metres above the water level.


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[1] Bolshoi Golets The Great Golets Island is located between the Vodla River and the Black River about 5 km from the beach.


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It is the furthest of about a dozen small islands and 5 drawings showing only birds have been found there.


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[1] The drawings of Karetski Nos Karetsi Nos are hewn on a grey rock on the promontory about 2 km north of the Black River.


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The drawings are located at a distance of 60 meters in small groups.


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[6] There are 165 distinct patterns.


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In Karetsk you can find all types of patterns encountered on Voice.


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Since the drawings are located 0—2.5 meters above the water level, it is assumed that pictures have been laid here over a long period of time.


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[1] The northernmost pattern shows a long-necked swan extending its neck straight upwards.


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On the back of the neck is a circular pattern interpreted as an egg or sun (A, a reference to the adjacent image).


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Here is also the most spectacular drawing of the cape.


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It shows a half-metre long elk head boat (B) with 20 crew members marked with vertical lines.


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[6] There are a few specific drawings in the following group.


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The most bizarre pattern is a dancing human figure depicted from the front, with large circular spreads from the sides to the sides, as if the suit's waistcoat were open (C).


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The character has been called a large-breasted woman or mythical emo.


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The woman is a rarity in the cartoons, but the explanation is not quite impossible.


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However, no better explanation has been invented for the dissemination.


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Near the female is a long-beaked and -legged bird.


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A circle pattern is drawn on the bird's beak, from which two rods (D) extend.


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Next to the bird is another circle pattern with only one rod.


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If the circles show sun signs, the bird must also be associated with cosmic events and thus be mythical.


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[6] [7] Some peculiar combinations occur in other groups of figures, such as two large-sized moose with the symbol of the moon (E) drawn inside one.


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Between the moose is a bell-shaped “flower” with a protrusion (F) on the stem.


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These rods are also found in other fields.


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The Wand is placed over the boat pattern (G).


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Many images of Fennoscandia show rods, but not such.


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Nor have archaeologists yet to detect such rods, so no object deflectors are known for them.


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Their meaning is also unknown, so the only explanation proposed, the world tree, must therefore be accepted.


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[8] Else there is a “sail” (H) drawn on a boat.


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Further down, a closely spaced moose and a pattern resembling a paddle (I) are depicted.


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However, the paddle has two projections pointing to the side, which still leaves room for interpretation.


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[6] Sound has about 50 boat images, which is less than in the Uikujoki and Kanozero sketch areas.


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The boats, moreover, are of a different design than sea boats in the north.


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Here boats were used on the lake and rivers, so the difference in structure is easily understood.


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However, boats are long if they can accommodate 21 rowers.


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A real boat can't be that long because it would be impractical.


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It is easy to agree with experts who say boat images symbolise a mythical journey rather than a real one.


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In preserved myths, shamans may have visited the Underworld by boat, the soul of the deceased travelled to the Underworld by boat, and even the sun passed through the firmament by moose boat.


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The rock image may depict precisely the journey of the deceased, which was beaten into the rock as collateral for the rite.


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Deer heads have been used even in real boats apparently to protect walkers on dangerous journeys.


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[9] Other patterns of the cape are scattered and among them sun and moon signs, deer, elk, swans and diverse human figures have been identified.


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Among the characters, both human-like and animalistic features (J) are identified.


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[6] Moduž Island Moduž is a small island right on the shore of Peri Nos.


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Thirteen drawings have been found there, 9 of them showing birds and two more of a deer or elk as well as some other animal.


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[1] The village of Peri Nos Besov Nos is located on the north side of the Black River on the promontory, on the three promontories of which are the majority of the drawings of the Vote.


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The northernmost promontory is Peri Nos and from there 411 patterns are known.


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[10] The plot area of Peri Nos is approximately 200 metres by 200 metres, where the images are concentrated on six small promontories (here I to VI, north to south).


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[10] The little cape Peri I and Peri II are places of little discovery.


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Peri I has 20 drawings, which are birds or unidentified patterns (7 pieces).


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Sixteen drawings have been found in Peri II, of which 6 are birds, 3 are moon and sun signs, 2 are humans and 2 are animals.


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The patterns are clumsily beaten, which, because of their style, might represent the oldest drawing tradition.


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[1] The cape Peri III is the largest in terms of area and is rich both in terms of its subjects and the number of drawings.


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The total number of images is 237 and are located 0—1.5 meters above the water level.


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Also, the style of the images is more certain than in Peri I and II.


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The images are grouped into 12 picture fields across the promontory.


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Of the drawings, 33% are birds, 13% are moon and sun signs, 12% other animals and 10% are humans.


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The most famous group of patterns is on a detached stone paade on display at the Hermitage in St. Petersburg.


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The message of that image collage is still the subject of widespread debate.


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[1] The first image field of the cape contains an interesting pattern combination of a man holding a huge paddle in his hand (a, a reference to the adjacent image).


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There appears to be a large moose head ornament on the paddle's handle.


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The man has a long phallus drawn and on his head he is possibly wearing a headdress.


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[10] In the fourth image field we find a combination of five patterns, with a man, a beaver and a moose touching each other.


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The contact of patterns is deliberate, which connects the items together (b).


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In many northern Eurasian myths, man and deer are special when it comes to souls.


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Both souls can be preserved for the future and transported to the underworld.


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The same thing has been said in some myths about beaver as well.


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It builds and stores food, as well as behaves “appropriately”.


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Beaver teeth may have been used for more than just tools.


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Perhaps the drawing illustrates this connection, because a large spot on the rock has been chosen as the basis.


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[11] In the fifth picture field there are moon signs, moose, birds, boats and a strange drill device.


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Next to these occurs hieros gamos, that is, a pregnant woman is approached by a male phallus and a “hair” long (c).


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Perhaps in the event, the delivery and its consequence will be displayed in the same pattern.


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The collage is named for Adam and Eve.


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The characters' hands are three-fingered, which in northern Eurasian myths invariably implies an afterlife being.


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The event would thus be mythical.


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The hair tassel appears in numerous Eastern Stoned idols as well as drawings and might be the norm way to mark the hallmark of a particular creature.


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[7] The sixth field of images is spectacular when three long-necked swans (d) dominate the view with imaginative characters positioned around them.


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Among the little birds, there is also a beaver (e) and two boats (f).


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One boat has 14 rowers and the other only three.


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Boats have moose heads.


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[10] Peri IV has 30 drawings [1] representing all types of Voice images.


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One pattern interpreted to be a dog or a fox.


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In the field there are a lot of swans and a peculiar person with circles in his hands (g).


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It is common in Fennoscandia drawings and paintings, and also in Sami drums, for a human figure to have two identical objects in his hands.


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They can be circles or various rods.


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[10] [11] On the cape Peri V there is only one pattern on the red rock: a large lizard.


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On this headland, rites aimed at this, perhaps frightening and undesirable, stranger may have been performed.


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Therefore, other patterns were not used to draw.


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[10] The promontory Peri VI is also called the Hunters' Rock because some of the patterns have been interpreted as fishing gear.


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There are 86 patterns [1] and they represent all types of Voice images.


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There are a lot of symbolic patterns, of which there are 150 Voices in total.


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Most have been interpreted as having lunar and sun signs (h).


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They are located in relation to their collage in certain air directions and may have calendar-related meanings.


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“clock sticks” also occur (i).


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Among them are imaginative characters with human and animal features (j).


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One man holds an arrow-like spear in his hand, beside him a hut and a boat.


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[10] [12] Among the new 31 patterns discovered between 2004 and 2009 are a boat, a zoomorphic human, celestial bodies, humans, a swan and a moose.


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[4] On the cape Peri VII is a small group of 4 images with 2 birds, one moon or sun sign and a human.


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[1] On the promontory surrounding the village of Besov Nos Besov Nos, one can find a half-kilometer long promontory, also called Besov-Nos.


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153 drawings have been found there.


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[13] At the neck of the cape of Besov Nos there is a sandy beach next to a group of 38 images.


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One of the pictures shows a long-necked swan with a circle touching its neck.


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One interpretation is that the sun depends on the neck of the swan, in which case the swan is also a cosmic creature (I).


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[13] Another pattern combination consists of deer and man in their hands with moon and sun signs.


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He wears a rod on his hips, skis on his feet and a headdress on his head.


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The group has been interpreted as posing as a shaman who would have special abilities and he would interact with the deer somehow from behind.


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This might indicate a fertility rite (II).


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In Siberia, the myths of the Evenks contain the story of a moose who stole the sun and hid it in the raven.


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The hunter skied to catch the moose and killed it.


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When the hunter brought the sun back into the sky ended the night and began a new day.


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This happens every day, which explains the churns of the day.


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[13] [12] The most impressive field of images is found on the cliffs at the tip of the promontory.


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[14] The zone, approximately 5 to 8 metres wide, covers an area of 70 m² with 115 patterns hewn.


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The largest image is a 2.46 metre tall Piessa, or the devil at home, Hiisi [15].


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Its head is square, the arms are bent to the sides, and the fingers are rattled.


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The face is marked with eyes and mouth, where the ancient Piessa splitting rock crevice begins.


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Apparently, the monks of Lake Muroma who visited the Piessa are apparently already in the 14th—16th century, beating the Orthodox cross, above the head a circle and another cross next to the catfish.


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[13] The cliff cleft splitting the piessa is not the damage done in pattern placement, but the symmetry of the pattern with respect to the fissure and the start of the crack at the mouth suggests consideration.


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The pursuit of the underground world through burrows and fissures lends itself to the thinking of natural peoples.


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In the rite, liquid or food may have been drained into the crack and hope for hunting and fishing luck.


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The crevice in the rock has apparently been widened by banging.


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One eye of the piessa is a round spot and the other is a circle ring that “bruises” into the crack.


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The people of the Underworld are always depicted in myths as crippled or half-faced or otherwise maimed.


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Interpreted in this way, Pies would also be beings of the Underworld if not the outright bearer of death himself.


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It would be the main creature of the mythical characters, which might explain its dominance of the rock.


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[13] [15] In addition to Piessa, there is a 2,65 metre long catfish on the rock, located to the right of Piessa.


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To its left side is a hewn 2.56-foot otter or lizard.


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Many experts who have seen the patterns assure swans close to the otter belong to this main group.


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According to the interpretation, swans and three large figures were first made.


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It was only later that smaller patterns were added to the field between the big patterns.


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[13] Made is, in myths, the host of the aquatic world and thus a good holder.


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In many cultures, made is a forbidden catch, the killing of which resulted in the loss of fish luck.


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The otter or lizard is associated with the underground world and often the lizard has served as an emissary to the afterlife.


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The otter plays a similar role.


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At the same time, it is also an evil holder.


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The swan is also a forbidden prey, as it participates, possibly after death, in preserving the soul.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[15] Swans, sturgeon, bear, deer, elk and boat can be easily identified around the piessa.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Unidentified or destroyed patterns can be found.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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[16] One pattern looks like a truncated spruce branch (III) that is 60 cm long.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

A small pattern of a whale speared from a boat referred to White Sea white whales (IV).


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[17] The second spear involves a sampee into which a man is about to throw another spear (V).


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[18] [13] The third of the cape surrounding the village of Kladovets Nos Besov-Nos is located right at the mouth of the Black River and is at the southern end of a sandy beach over a kilometre long beginning in Besov-Nos.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The rock surface of this Kladovets promontory is faint and chipped, which has destroyed some of the patterns.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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There are 48 patterns and they are located in an almost uniform group.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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Most of them present carefully made waterfowl.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The birds are hewn in contour or silhouetted patterns, but the genera of birds are identifiable as ducks, geese and swans.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[19] During periods of high water, part of the headland remains as an island.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Swans, deer, moon signs and a pattern of skiing man have been found there, among others.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[19] Gaži Nos 1—2 km south of the Black River lies the headland Gaži Nos, on the southern promontory of which three small groups of images can be found.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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They have a total of 13 drawings, which are schematic in form.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[19] Gurji Islands On the northern tip of the larger island Bolshoi Gurji 11 drawings have been found.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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They show deer, swans, sun and moon signs, a boat and its nine crew members, one long-tailed animal and two geometric patterns.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[19] Twelve drawings have been found on Maly Gurj Island in one group.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The patterns are: a four-legged animal, animals and birds, three streaked swans, two boat patterns with 13 rowers in each, and a shouldered man holding his arms outstretched towards a sun sign.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[19] The age of images cannot be determined by studying drawings, so their age is determined indirectly.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

With a sound where there is no continuous beach transition due to ground uplift, this is particularly tricky.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

During its prehistory, due to landuplift, the lake has been tilted towards the south, but its effects on water level levels are still under clearing.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The precipitation of the climate also affects the water level.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

It is known that the surface of the toned has been lower than it is today and in between it has risen up to 3.2 metres above the current level.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The petroglyphs are located on beach cliffs up to 2.62 metres above the beach.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Thus, they could not have been made during high water.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[1] Timings are sought by scheduling ancient habitations in nearby areas, since the perpetrators apparently lived nearby.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

As early as the 1930s, dwelling places had been dug up and pothole-comb-ornamented clay pot pieces had been found.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The inhabitants thus had to be newcomers from the regions of the Oka-Volga rivers.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

On this basis, the settlement, and the drawings too, were timed to 2000—1500 BCE.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Later, the timing problem was opened due to new discoveries, as due to fluctuations in water levels, habitation can also be found inland, but at a very different age.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Among them are Mesolithic and Early Campaceramic settlement, a settlement of users of the Peurasaari and Poventsa calmists, and still Bronze and Iron Age settlements.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The problem was not solved this way yet, because any one of them could have hacked the patterns.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[20] In 1991, rock imagery expert R. Bednarik from Australia experimented with an erosion based method.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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Next to the Great Piessa is a hewn Orthodox cross in the 15th century.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Bednarik compared the microerosion of the chipping trail of the cross to the erosion of the pounding area in Pess, and ended up with a timing of 2000 BCE for Piessa.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Since Piessa has been under water at times sheltered from airborne erosion for about 1000 years, gives A. Stoljar as the timing of 3500—3000 BCE.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[21] By comparing image fields, one field has been found to be long-term and others to be short-lived.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

For example, it can be said that the image fields of Karetsky, Peri and Besov Nos have been in use for a long time.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

All types of images are found on them and are located at different heights from the water level.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

The difference between the patterns at the highest and lowest is 2.57 metres in Karetsk, 1.66 metres on Besov Nos and 1.52 on Peri Nos III.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

In the other image fields of the toned, this height difference averages 0.96 meters.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[1] The uplift tilts the Sounds towards the south, causing the northern regions to rise out of the water and the southern regions sinking into the water.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

Therefore, it can be thought that in the north the beach patterns of the Vodla River region would be younger than the southern image fields.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

This is further supported by the lack of lunar and sun signs from the Vodla region, which were apparently important motifs in the middle period of the era.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

[1] Abram Stoljar presents the following kind of chronicle.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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Images of the toned began to be drawn during the middle of the 3rd millennium of the late 4th millennium.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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The opening shots were beaten to Peri Nos, where Piessa was placed in a crack in a rock and an otter and catfish on its sides.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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Then other images emerged to the adjacent peninsulas Peri VI and III and Bessov up to Nos.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

It was from this period that the signs of the moon and the sun originated.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

After this, drawing continued and new groups of images were established all the way back to 2000 BCE.


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up to.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

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The drawing of the pictures expanded to Karetsk, Kladovets, Gaž, as well as the Gurj Islands.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

This period is characterized by the appearance of objects of the Sonic indigenous people together with newcomer objects of the Volosovo culture.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

In the final phase, water flooded the area around the Black River, leaving the image fields underwater for about 1000 years.


Question: What age are the Tonic petroglyphs?

Stoned Petroglyph Areas

At the same time, they were forgotten for good, but new picture fields were made at the mouth of the Vodla River.