Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

After the king's death in December 1632, Rothovius received a letter from the government urging efforts for internal unity and strengthening the faith of the listeners in the undisturbed state of the fatherland.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

At the same time, 14 lasting mourning calls were ordered to be played in all churches of the kingdom.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[201] In the years of the Thirty Years' War, the Bishop's state responsibility was great and he was regarded as a kind of spiritual inspector.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Rothovius organised military-taking and cast assurance on his parishioners as to the significance of the war of faith.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

He painted in sombre tones the aspirations of Catholics, thus justifying the need for heavy taxes.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[202] In addition, Rothovius disseminated government propaganda, for example on the causes of the Danish War that began in 1643.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

After a successful war, Rothovius gave a praise sermon, but in the moment of defeat he appealed to a sinful life, which caused wars and misery.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

After peace came, the fear spread in the bishop that the people were surrendering to false certainty and to this fear he also found daily evidence.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[203] Rothovius' lawsuits with the Turku people because of the arrangements of the service of worship and his insulting words, Rothovius got into lengthy doctrinal disputes with the burghers of Turku.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

In 1634 he was tried in the Turku Raastuvancourt e.g.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

for not having organised a Mass on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday or Easter Saturday, although the burghers were accustomed to attending all three days of Communion.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The same accusation was later repeated with seven other paragraphs to the country's government.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The bishop replied with the 1635 litigation that “no Mass may be held for logs and stones, when no man then came to the confession”.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The colourful speeches of the bishop were aggravated in the bourgeoisie and he was able to explain in particular the “Sermon on Vellipdam” in 1635, in which the bishop had stated that the minds of the Finnish people were more attached to the vellipads and that they only attended church according to custom.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[204] In addition to insulting speeches, the bishop was accused of taking bricks intended for the cathedral for his own use.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

On 4 April 1635, when appeals were sent directly to Sweden, the Court of Racing deemed the right clerk to have been passed and imposed a fine of 6 marks on each of those who made disgraceful accusations against the bishop.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

In addition, especially for disobedience shown to the bishop, each party was fined 40 marks.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[205] The bishop's second wife Catharina had five trials in the Turku Court.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The first was against the burgher Kornelius Pella weaver from 1633 to 1635 for making cloth, the second against the tailor master Olavi Börgellinboy in 1638-1642, the third against Kristian Kedinh in 1642—1645 and in 1646 the lady had two district cases against Lieutenant Johan Spora and against the widow of Johan Sahaaja.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[206] Estimates of Rothovius as a person according to Aarno Malinen, Rothovius was “Bobrikov of Sweden”, the king and chancellor's credit man whose job was to steer the Church of Finland on the same tracks with the mother country.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[207] J. Krohn describes the bishop as follows The preserved letters, sermons and court proceedings of Rothovius from Turku give a picture of a sudden man for whom moving to Finland meant falling into the periphery of the kingdom, whose strange “Slavonian language” did not dominate.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

By becoming elected Bishop of Turku, Rothovius had been based in Nyköping for 23 years and felt his congregation close to himself.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Known is his comments on the new homeland Observations All the same, after nearly 300 years since the beginning of Rothovius' episcopal term, it was suggested that the part of the former Nicolaintor between the Cathedral and the Academy House would be named Rothoviuksenkatu.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The presentation was justified quite eloquently Marriages and Children Rothovius' grip on the administration of the academy was powerful and the family dynasty that formed around him supported the bishop's efforts to hold sinefully the academy's leadership in his hands.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[208] Rothovius' first wife was Anna Erikindaughter, with whom the marriage was concluded on 29 October 1604 in Nyköping.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The wife's father was Erik Larsson, mayor of Nyköping, and mother Brita was the daughter of Petrus Jonae, Bishop of Strängnäs and at the same time also Rothovius' superior Petrus Jonae.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[209] Four of their children are known by name: Birger, matriculated in 1624 at Upsala, enrolled in 1632 at the University of Rostock, where he took his doctorate on 2 March 1632.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

He probably died young, but was alive in 1642.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[210] Abraham, p. n.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

1615, studied at Upsala as early as August 1627 and afterwards in Germany and Holland.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

He received his doctorate at the University of Leyden on 8 May 1637 and then returned to Finland.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Axel Oxenstierna took care of the boy until death cut off the youngster's life in 1639.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[211] Anna, married to Master of Vyborg Castle, Land Marshal Aron Klöfverblad (d. 1605, d. 1666), notified as Klöfverskjöld.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Anna was buried on 27 May 1652 [212] Elizabeth, entering into a marriage on 7 November 1624 to Peder Larsson, mayor of Nyköping.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

However, the marriage was not happy, but led to a divorce for the sake of male infidelity.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The fate of the daughter caused Rothovius concern for many years, and he harshly accused Peder Larsson of crude and obscene behaviour towards Elisabeth.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Once the sentence had been handed down, Rothovius, by letter of 27 June 1626, appealed to Axel Oxenstierna to conclude the case without regard to the person.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[213] Elisabeth's second spouse was Sven Vigelius, headmaster of the 1628 Nyköping School, [214] who in 1633 became vicar of Turku [215] and who was rector of Turku Academy from 1642 to 1643.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Vihelius also served as bishop's deputy in the Reichstag of Stockholm in 1635.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[216] [217] Following the death of his wife in spring 1612 [218] Rothovius apparently entered into a new marriage in 1613 with Catharina, daughter of Andersi Nikolai, vicar of Östra Husby.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[219] Catarina was timid about her glory, [220] and had an uncommon desire for litigation against the Turkuis.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[221] Of their children by name is known [222]: Isaacus, he was called by the bishop in 1648 as his eldest son.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Isaacus the Younger had matriculated in Turku in 1635 and enrolled in the University of Tartu on 24 October 1636.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

At the Academy of Turku he received his doctorate and was promoted to his master's degree in 1650.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Brahe had reservations about the bishop's request to place the son as vicar of Paraise.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[223] The Governor-General doubted the boy's ability and pointed to his weakness in mob drinks.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

It became a decision that Isaacus junior was placed on probation as chaplain to Paraise under his father.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Upon the bishop's death in 1652, the son was appointed vicar of Paraise.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

He died in 1655.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[224] [225] Carolus, p. 1622, entered on 24 October 1636 in the catalogues of the University of Tartu and studied 1642 in Turku, where he defended his doctorate in 1644.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

After a severe fever illness, Carolus travelled in 1646 to Rostock and Leyden, where he began studying on 2 November 1648 and continued there with a grant until 1650.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

On his return to Sweden, Carlous served as justice mayor of Falun, dying in 1655.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[226] Laurentius, d. 1624 and died 2 February 1666 [222].


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

He studied together with his brothers Isaacus and Carolus and held a 1646 post at the Stockholm Chamber of Money.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

However, not satisfied with his son's position, the bishop was given a place in the entourage of the comte de la Gardie to address his son.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The Count journeyed in 1646 as an emissary to France with Laurus.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

However, the trip caused concern for the father, as the boy went into debt in Paris, and the father did not know how to cash in on his son's release.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Laurus became in 1654 superintendent of copper mines in Avestad.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[227] Jonas, p. 1 October 1629, first studied at the Academy of Turku since its inception.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

His private tutor was Master Enevaldus Svenonius, with whom he transferred in 1648 to continue his studies at the University of Upsala.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The father apparently wished the son to become a priest, but he became a jurist, 1668 armor to the court of appeal of Svea, and 1674 revision-secretary.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

He was noble on 30 September 1675 as Rothåf, and died in Stockholm on 29 July 1676 [228] Margareta, entering into marriage on 14 May 1643 [229] with Ericus Achrelius, professor of medicine.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[230] They had six children, of whom the most famous professor of eloquence Daniel Achrelius [231] was expressly deemed worthy in the capacity of Rothovius' grandson to the post of secretary of the academy.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[232] Maria, entered into a marriage on 7 May 1650 with Johannes Pratanus, professor of logic.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

The wedding was glorious and Peter Brahe himself and his family were invited.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

After the younger Isaacus Rothovius in 1655, Pratanus became vicar of Parainen and later of Kemiö.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[233] Mary's daughter entered into marriage with Petrus Laurbecchius, who later became Bishop of Vyborg.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

This son Isaacus Laurbecchius was a famous pietist theologian.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

[234] Rothovius' second spouse Catharina died on 3 December 1646 and the next day the bishop wrote to Axel Oxenstierna: Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikkinen, A.| title = Allies of the Devil: Witch and Magic Perceptions and Trials in Finland In the second half of the 17th century (ca.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

1640—1712) | location = Helsinki| publisher = Historical Society of Finland| year = 1969}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hyymies, K.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

(ed.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

) | title = Ars Universitaria 1640—1990 — Portraits from the University of Helsinki Collections| publisher = Universitas Helsingiensis 350| year = 1990| id = ISBN 9514552539| page = 204—208}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Juva, M.| title = History of the Finnish People II| publisher = Publishing company Otava| year = 1965}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karonen, P.| title = Northern Superpower Sweden and Finland 1521-1809| location = Helsinki| publisher = Werner Söderström Limited Liability Company| year = 2008| version = 3. reformed institution| id = ISBN 978-951-0-34713-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Krohn, J.| title = Stories on Finnish history| location = Helsinki| publisher = People's Enlightenment Socie| year = 1914| version = Sigismund and Charles IX}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Krohn, J.| title = Narratives from Finland| location = Helsinki| publisher = People's Enlightenment Socie| year = 1915| version = Gustav Adolf and Kristiina}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laasonen, P.| title = History of the Church of Finland 2: years 1593—1808| location = Porvoo| year = 1991| id = ISBN 951-0-16492}} error , replace with {{cite book| author = Lindeqvist, K. O.| title = History of Finland| location = Porvoo| publisher = Werner Söderström joint| year = 1906}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Luukko, A.| title = History of Finland 1617—1721| publisher = Werner Söderström joint| year = 1967}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nenonen, M.| title = Witchcraft, magic and witch hunts in the Karelian countryside of Lower Satakunta, North Ostrobothnia and Vyborg 1620—1700| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society | year = 1992| id = ISBN 951-8915-56-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Parvio, M.| title = Isaacus Rothovius Bishop of Turku | location = Helsinki| publisher = Church Historical Society of Finland| year = 1959| version = Editorials of the Church Historical Society of Finland 60}} Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = National Biography of Finland| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2003| version = Part 1| id = ISBN 951-746-442-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = English national biography| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish literature| year = 2003| version = Part 2| id = ISBN 951-746-443-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Finnish National Biography| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2004 | version = Part 3| id = ISBN 951-746-444-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Finnish National Biography| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2005| version = Part 5| id = ISBN 951-746-446-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| Finnish National Biography| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish literature| year = 2006| version = Part 8| id = ISBN 951-746-449-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Encyclopedia | location = Helsinki| publisher = Encyclopedia-Limited Literary Company| year = 1916| version = First part}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Encyclopedia | location = Helsinki| publisher = Encyclopedia Sharecompany| year = 1909| version = Eighth part}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tuomola, S. (ed) | title = Abo — Finnish metropolis, 17th century Turku | publisher = Turku Information Offering — Turku| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-9129-39-1}} References on the topic elsewhere Rothovius, Isaacus Bergeri:, 1643.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Digitized in the collections of the National Library.


Question: When did the King of Sweden sign Naantali's charter of incorporation?

Isaacus Rothovius

Category:Bishops of Turku 1554—1817 Class:Born in 1572 Class:Dead in 1652


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Jääli (Jäälinkylä) is the 131st district of the city of Oulu and an agglomeration of the former Kiiming municipality.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Jääli is part of the sub-region of the same name together with the district of Väliylä.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Jääl district is located on Highway 20, about 8 kilometres from Kiiming towards Oulu and about 17 kilometres northeast of Oulu, on the shore of Lake Jäälinjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The district of Jääl has a population of 4469 people and 1757 economies [1].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The second district of the Jääl Sub-region, the Central village, has a population of 603 people and has 223 economies [1].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In total, there are 5072 people living in the Jääl Sub-Area and 1980 economies [1].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Jääli had the largest concentration of inhabitants in the former Kiiming Municipality, with 5,077 (6/2011) inhabitants (the population of the former Kiiming Municipality Centre in June 2011 was 4,563 people).


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Although the origin of Jääl's name is not known for certain, it is known that Jäälinjärvi probably bears old Lapland names.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

It contains, perhaps originally, the Lapland word for oja, jelle, alle (western, western).


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In turn, Laivakangas, the newest residential area of Jääl, explains how shipbuilding trees were cut from the forests for the burghers of Oulu.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[2] Geography Climate The ground surface in the area is about 40—45 meters above sea level.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Location and altitude position affect the climate in such a way that despite the proximity to the Bothnian Sea, the effects of maritime climate are hardly noticeable.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

For example, compared to the city of Oulu and other areas close to the seaside, windiness is lower in Kääl, longer snow cover season, higher early summer temperatures and lower autumn temperatures.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] Ridges, forests and vegetation The most significant named fabrics of the Harju formation are Laivakangas, Isokangas and Pyyryväisharjut northwest of Kuusamontie, as well as Järvenpää, Skunkangas and Sivukangas located slightly further in the southeast.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Ship cloth is classified as an important aquifer for water acquisition with an area of 6.6 square kilometres.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Part of the Jääl city plan area is located in the aquifer.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] The central parts of the ridge are flat-grained sand and barren pine canvases with vegetation where lichen occurs abundant.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Sand deposits, as well as gravel deposits further down the ridge, have been preferred areas for soil extraction, resulting in abundant landscaping damage in the area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Part of the soil has also been taken from below the groundwater level, resulting in the formation of groundwater ponds in the area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Some of them now serve as bathing venues.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] In the periphery of the ridges, the ground surface is moraine, and there is also a more diverse range of trees.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The marshes surrounding the ridges have been somewhat entirely ditched to improve forest growth, making their character covered and partly difficult.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The forests of the Kääl region are used for economic use.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The forest landscape is very visible through the 400 kilovolt power lines leading from Keminmaa and Pirttikoski to Pikkarala.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] The forest nature of the Jääl region as a whole is very diverse.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The area is suitable for the presence of various forest berries, mushrooms, jam and cranberry, and brambleberries may also be found in the forested fields.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Due to previous land taking and current forestry and recreational use, the area has many forest roads and trails, making it easy to navigate and diversified route selection options.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] Jäälinjärvi and surroundings Jäälinjärvi is the landscaped centre of Jääl.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In Lake Vähäjärvi in Northern Ostrobothnia, a lake of almost one square kilometre is already a rarity in itself.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The lake has 7.3 kilometers of beach.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The beaches are almost inhabited throughout.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The north end and southwestern shore are the station plan area, and the rest of the lake is also occupied by either permanent or leisure settlement.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Kiiming Municipality owns the beach at several points, and through them non-beach owners also have access to recreational use of the lake.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Also, some businesses and communities have properties serving recreational use on the beaches.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

At the western end of the lake, in connection with the Jäälinmaja, there is a municipality-maintained


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] Jäälinjärvi is also ideal for recreational fishing.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The area of the Jäälinjärvi catchment area in the skeleton of Lake Jäälinjärvi is 45 square kilometres.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The lakes in the catchment area, mainly Lake Lylykkiianjärvi, Saarisenjärvi and Lauttalampi, account for only 4.5% of the catchment area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Naturally low lakeiness, lowering of the surface of Lake Saarinen and drying of Lake Thumb and Haisunjärvi, and in addition to ditching the swamps in the catchment area almost throughout, cause large fluctuations in flow flow.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Spring runoff is large and short-lived, with correspondingly low-waterlogged seasons frequent and they are long.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Saarisenoja descending into Jäälinjärvi has been carried by boat in the state of nature, but as a result of the measures, the essence and character of Saarisenoja have fundamentally changed.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] From Jäälinjärvi, the waters flow through Jäälinoja to Kalimeenoja, which falls into the Bothnia Sea in the village of Kello.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The largest flows in the skeleton of Jäälinjärvi are more than 5 m³/s.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The average minimum flow is less than 0.1 m³/s, but as the dry season drags on, the flow goes to or very close to zero.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

From the initial end of the ice line, 2.5 km is located in the area of the station plan, and even downstream, the ditch arm is densely populated.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Ice linas are an important environmental enlivening factor and also important for the supply of water for irrigation.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The ditch is also estimated to have some value for fisheries.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] The location of Lake Jäälinjärvi in the ridge area and the abundant discharge of groundwater have ensured good water quality in the lake.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The water quality and usefulness of Lake Jäälinjärvi for recreational use have been severely degraded due to anthropogenic changes.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

As a result of the measures taken in the catchment area, both the hydrology and nutrient balance of the lake have substantially changed, leading to the presence of slime algae and blue-green algae.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

On the other hand, there is little waste water or agricultural load entering the area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The southeastern portion of the lake was dredged in 1993 and 1994 to increase water depth and remove aquatic vegetation.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The plan also included an increase in the lower water surface of the dry season by 15—20 centimetres, but in this regard the project tapered off to opposition from the inhabitants of the Icefline stem.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] According to the Recreational Use Survey, water remediation is seen as necessary.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In particular, it would be desired to improve water quality and increase the water level during dry periods in Lake Jäälinjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Jäälinoja arm also suffers from poor water quality and low water supply.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[3] History Relics Between Ship Fabric and Sivukankka lies the island of Linn, surrounded by marshes, at an elevation of about 55 metres above sea level.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

At the highest point of the island lies a solid relic called Jätinlinna.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

It is a stone peripheral rampart dating from the end of the Stone Age, hence around 2000 BCE, measuring 24 by 34 metres.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The height of the structure is 60—90 centimeters.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

This type of ancient relic, popularly called the Giant Church, occurs only in Ostrobothnia, and only a few occurrences are known.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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During the construction of Jätinlinna, Linnasaari has been a small, rocky sea island.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The structure was previously thought to have served as a base for seal catchers, but today they are considered part of a larger economic and communal entity.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Another stone ring resembling the Giant Church with its remains is located on the side of the road to Yli-Iih in Ship Cloth.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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This object has not been further studied.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[4] Along with the Giant Church, artifacts from the Stone Age have also been found in the Ilice.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The Scandinavian connections in the region are told by grinding finished spearhead.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The discovery is timed to the late Stone Age period ca.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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4000 years ago.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Around this time, changes in the climate posed challenges for settlement, which to some extent also declined in the Jääl region.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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This is illustrated, for example, by the reduced number of relics in the ancient riparian zone of the end of the Stone Age - the beginning of the Bronze Age.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[4] 1550—1867 The village of Jääl before Kiiming became independent of the stages of the actual settlement of Jääl, there is almost no printed information, but is included in the whole of the Kiiming keeper.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Immovable settlements in Kiiminki have arisen in the 1550s and according to tax records there were 13 houses in Kiiming village in 1570.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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At that time, the Russian-Swedish border was on the Patti River.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In the years of “Old Wrath” between 1570 and 1595, eight houses were burned down from Kiiming by Karelians.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In the Peace of Tokusinä 1595, Kiiminki was formally annexed to Sweden, after which the settlement was allowed to develop peacefully.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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At the beginning of the 17th century, new lineages came to Kiiminki included Tirit, among others, so the entire manttal house of Tiri mentioned in the tithing list of 1608 is probably the oldest tax house in Kääl.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In the middle of the 18th century, after “Isovihan” and “Pikikuhan”, settling started again and the splitting of houses also increased the number of houses.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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By 1760, the house of Tiri in Kääli was split and the Kalamäki New House was established.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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At the beginning of the 19th century, Isola and Piltola farms were established and Penttilä waited for tax payment.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The big division was established in Alakiiming, or present-day Kiiming, between 1791 and 1817 and was of great importance to the development of settlement activity.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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When it came to 1860, the holdings of Jussila, Seppälä, Pekkala and Ojala were taxed in Kääl.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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This phase also includes the houses of Heikkinen, Särkelä and Jääl.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[3] Since Jääli was not and still is not a village in accordance with the big-division regulation, there is no published information on population development from this period.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[3] 1867—1960 Kiiminki becomes independent and Jääli slowly begins to develop Until 1865, local government in rural areas was organised into churchkeepers, which meant that ecclesiastical and secular matters were decided at keepers meetings chaired by the vicar, each with a tax the paying host had voting power in accordance with his or her number.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Initially, Kiiminki belonged to the Keeper of Ii, but achieved partial independence in 1781, when the king gave his consent to the establishment of the Alakiiming Chapel Congregation.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The parish of Alakiiming, or present-day Kiiming, became fully independent in 1858.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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From the ice, Kiiming Parish purchased a two-barrel column in 1890 as a new cemetery and built a parish home on Ship Canvas in 1977.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The parish and municipality were separated from each other by decree of 1865 and as a municipality Kiiminki was established in 1867.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The use of the municipality's name was faltering, there was talk of when Alakiiming when Kiiming, but beginning in 1880 Kiiminki became established as the name of the municipality.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[3] Traffically, Jääli was already located at the beginning of the 20th century along Kuusamontie.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The old Kuusamontie was a freight road through Pudasjärvi and Kiiming to Oulu.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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There were staging points related to the kestikievari system at Kuusamontie: in Hannus, the kestikievarina was the house of Hannus-Ukko, in the centre, the house of Ukkola near the present Rautabridge.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The break point was Tiri's house and later Jääl's house.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[5] In the decision making of Kiiming Municipality, Jääli has proved problematic early on.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In particular, this has come up in school matters.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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At the beginning of 1916, the Municipal Assembly received a plea from the parents of Ilitic school-age children to 'be allowed to open a higher national school' in September 1916.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The request was rejected by a vote of 687 to 112.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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After an appeal, Governor Enehjelm, under threat of a fine of 200 marks, ordered Kiiming Municipality to open Jäälinkylä Upper Folk School no later than August 1, 1917.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The municipality appealed the governor's decision to the Senate of Finland and the project was left at the feet of greater upheavals.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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During the 1920s, after Finland became independent, they made representations to the municipality about starting school, but to no avail.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The Compulsory Education Act came into force in the early 1920s and on the basis of that, Jääli was listed as its own school district in 1923, but the school did not start in rented premises in Kääl until 17 August 1931.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Their own school building was already completed the following year.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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This was enough for two dozen years.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In 1952 there were already over 80 pupils and the figure was believed to rise by 1955 to 107.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The Board of Trustees made a 1951 motion to build a new school building and received a favorable decision the following year.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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After two years, the new school was complete and the inauguration of the new school in Jääl could be held on 5 December 1954.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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At the same time a lending station was opened in connection with the new school in Jääl


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[6] 1960—1990 construction of the village of Jääl is started to build a town zoned suburb of Jääl In 1965, before the large-scale zoning of the area, Kiiming Municipal Councillor Eino J. Ervasti proposes to get the campus area of the University of Oulu to Kiiminki.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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After the initial clamour, the municipality offered the University of Oulu a plot of land from Jääl.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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University officials visited the area, but Linnanmaa nevertheless overcame the struggle for a place to invest.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[7] The Jääl water supply plan was already completed in 1968, although the water district opposed the plan due to the incompleteness of the construction formula [8].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The construction formula for Kiiming Municipality Jäälinkylä was started in 1969.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The formula came to be needed, as many years ago the urgency and necessity of the formula had been established.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The planned construction scheme area comprised 280 hehaars and was rated for 2700 residents.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In the formula, mostly detached houses were planned for the area, but there was also a row and space allocated for apartment buildings.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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For the existing inhabitants of the area, the municipal engineering that came with the construction formula was in need, as the only water point in the village had been a fire hydrant located at the national school.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[9] With the construction formula of the Icefall, completed in the early 1970s, the number of inhabitants rose almost exponentially, resulting in an annual increase in the number of pupils at the school by over 20%.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The School Board was in no way willing to believe the growth rates and development projections were correct, and so did not feel favourable about the expansion plans for new school facilities.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

All possible facilities in Kääl had to be taken up for school use and, nevertheless, some pupils had to be transported to other schools in the municipality and also to rely on shift reading.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In the middle of the decade, permission to build a new school was obtained, but as early as completion in 1977 it was far too small.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The school was rated for 240 pupils, but the number of pupils by the time the school graduated was already over 300.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Upon completion of the new school, the lending station in connection with the school changed its name to the Jääl Library and the premises moved to the mall where the library operated until 2016.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[6] At the autumn meeting of the Jääl Small Property Association in 1975, e.g.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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I stayed in postal business.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The meeting obliged the association to submit letters to the Oulu Post Office and demand a substantial improvement in mail carrying.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In addition, the expanding residential area lacked road signs and proper street lighting [10].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Postal affairs were still in 1986 when Lauri Kylmäaho, branch manager Lauri Kylmäaho, postmen's supervisor Lauri Tuorila and Jääl postmaster Aune Seppälä had been invited to the meeting.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Postal services were still operating in Room Swamp at the time and the Ice Lilics demanded that they be moved closer to the inhabitants of the area [11].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Along with school and postal matters, the key issue that has activated ice lilac has been the attempts and measures to restore our own lake for decades.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In 1982, the first colloquium on the subject was held at Jääl Elementary School to outline the main lines of the refurbishment.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The question would be an increase in the water level of the lake and the dredging of the lake [12].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In the 1980s, Kemira was planning an ore processing plant for the Savukoski Sokli mine in the vicinity of Jääl.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Association 20yrs.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Based on a newspaper story about the celebrations, the most populous village meeting ever was a three-hour event held in 1987, where 250 ice lilies were to hear about the plans for the location of the Sokli downstream plant in Kemira.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

When realised, the plant would have brought 250 jobs, along with significant fluorine and sulfur dioxide emissions and large mountains of gypsum waste.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Icilians took a tough backlash in the case, which led to a thorough examination of the case and the cancellation of the decision to invest. [13] [14].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In Vyonna 1988, the Ice Lilies were actively mobilizing for the addition of daycare places in the area, as not enough for all children to be willing.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The reason for the drastic deterioration in the daycare situation was pressures caused by overspending of the housing program in groups of children.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[15] In 1991, the inhabitants of Jääl fought against the planned crushing and asphalt station for Isokangas and expressed concern about the possible location of the landfill in the Oulu region near Jääl.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[16] Housing Jääli is a vibrant suburban-style area that has grown into a large residential area in recent decades.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Building style Jääli is entirely detached and terraced settlements.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Construction has progressed in stages from Kuusamontie to the end of Jäälinjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Different areas reflect the building style and manner of each period.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The old Kuusamontie (old Kuusamontie) was built in the 1950s—1960s to the new houses on the shore of Jäälinjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The fiercest growth and construction was between 1995 and 2000.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In the 2000s, the municipality has limited additional zoning of the Jääl and attempted to direct construction from the vicinity of Kiiming city center to zoned areas.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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However, construction in the Arctic has continued vigorously for private lands.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[3] Schools and Kindergartens Area Schools The Jääl School of Jääl is a wood-frame, brick-upholstered building completed in 1977 and expanded in 1993-1994 [17].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Jääl School has 1-4lk teaching and Northeast Area Basic Education Custom Learning (POMO) classes.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[18] At graduation, school facilities rated for 240 pupils lagged behind the growth of the region by just over a year after graduation.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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An old wooden school was introduced alongside the Jääl School to ease overcrowding until Jääl School was expanded in 1993-1994.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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At the turn of the millennium, additional space was rented at the Jääl Shopping Centre and the school's afternoon club activities continue to operate in those premises.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[19] The Jääl School has been plagued by various indoor air problems over the past decade.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Already shortly after completion, water roof leaks were identified as the cause of which too fresh water ceiling planking [17] The renovation of the Jääl school has been planned for almost the entire 2000s.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

According to the latest project plan [20], the building has moisture technical problems in the water ceiling, bottom floor and foundation, resulting in the demolition of the entire property.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The school property is also located in a traffically-inconvenient location, as maintenance traffic uses cycle lanes and passenger car traffic runs along the housing streets of the small house area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The project plan originally drawn up by Kiiming and updated by Oulu decided to propose the construction of a new school in connection with Laivakangas School.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Although the last version of the project plan has already been completed in 2014, the actual design work and the political decision to build the school has moved several years ahead due to the City of Oulu's service network review.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In accordance with the decision of the Oulu City Council of 6 June 2016 [21], new premises will be built in connection with Laivakankka School and work will start in spring 2018.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[22] Laivakankka school Laivakangas school is a single primary school completed in 2007 with grades 5 - 9 from the district of Jääl and Välikylä districts.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The school has 420 pupils and 45 staff members [23].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The school building is a concrete frame, brick-clad building consisting of a gym hall and the school building itself.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Upon completion in 2007, it was the largest public investment in the history of Kiiming Municipality.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[24] [19] Although Jääli was larger in population than Kiiming Church Village in the 1990s, the area did not have its own middle school until the latter part of the first decade of the 21st century.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Icical youths were transported by several buses to Kiiming Church Village for decades, although residents had hoped for a middle school for several decades.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Along with the scarcity of school facilities, the whole municipality lacked a gym hall, where it was located, there was intense hand-wringing between Jääl and Kiiming.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In February 2004, the Kiiming Municipal Government decided that the new upper school in Jääl and the Kiiming Municipal Sports Hall would be built on the Laivakanka plot reserved in the city plan [25].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The project was the most expensive investment in the history of Kiiming Municipality and was the subject of “major project” headlines. [19] [24].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The investment costing EUR 11.5 million was designed so that the gym hall would be ready in 2006 and the school itself for 450-500 pupils rated in 2007 [25] The scope of the gym hall at the start of the design was 500m2, but eventually came to fruition in size of 848m2.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In accordance with the decision of the Oulu City Council of 6 June 2016 [21], the school will be expanded in 2018-2019 with a new building whose biggest operator will be the current activities of the Jääl School moving to Laivakangas.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Based on the service web statement published by the City of Oulu in November 2017, the term “Jääl service hub” may also be used for Laivakanka's multifunctional building [26].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The upcoming Jääl service centre will serve as a 1-9lk school, afternoon activities, library, living room for local residents, youth room and sports hall.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Opposite the multifunctional building are the Laivakankka Sports Area, which will be completed in 2018, and the starting point of the Höntämäki-Jääli outdoor route, which will be completed in 2019, with signboards and parking.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Kindergartens Laivakangas kindergarten Laivakangas kindergarten was completed, there was a severe shortage of daycare places in Jääl and several temporary solutions were in use, such as the Käpykolo unit located in the townhouse.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Laivakankka kindergarten has 62 seats, a large outdoor yard and is located next to Laivakankka School with good outdoor terrain.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The kindergarten has its own gym [27] [28].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The kindergarten has three care groups and a preschool group: [27] Anchors is a group of children under three years old that employs a kindergarten teacher and two nannies.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Buoys is a group of over three-year-olds, staffed by two kindergarten teachers, a nanny and a group assistant.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Sails is a group of over three-year-olds working with a kindergarten teacher, two nannies and a group assistant.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Lighthouses is a preschool group that also provides full-time care.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Two kindergarten teachers and a nanny work at the lighthouses.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Lighthouses cooperate with Jääl School and Laivakangas School regularly.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Along with full-time care, Laivakangas hosts open early childhood education activities for children in home care.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The group employs a kindergarten teacher and a nanny.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Satumetsä kindergarten is the only private kindergarten in the Jääl Sub-region, whose activities are divided into three groups: 1) Hattarat; 2) Forest stars and 3) Poplars.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[29] A kindergarten belonging to the Touhula chain advertises to the residents of the area as a exercise-oriented kindergarten [29], where children move for at least two hours during the day.The fairytale forest offers children guided exercise sessions and self-help movement in kindergarten facilities.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Each of the three groups has their own gym shift and, in addition, the Escari peers attend the school gym to move around.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In addition, kindergarten around nature and Tuokkosenmäki sports park for camping.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Tuokkonen kindergarten Välikylä kindergarten Leisure left|miniature|Jälihalli is a private ice rink in the sports area of Jääl.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Jääl Sports Hall is located in the immediate vicinity of Jääl Centre Jääl's old sports area and Jäälihalli is located in the immediate vicinity of the Jäälihalli ice rink.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

When completed in 1987, Jäälihalli was the first privately funded ice rink in the Nordic countries.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Today, Käälihalli serves as the office and home arena of Kiimingin-Kiekkopojat ry.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Library and Youth Facilities Until 2017, the Jääl Youth Farm was located in connection with the Laivakankka school and the library was located in Jääl Centre.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In summer 2017, the City of Oulu renovated the library facilities for Laivakanka School in connection with the youth farm.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Outside of service hours, the library is a self-help library accessible by library card and ID number.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[30] Along with the combined library-youth facility, Kiiming Parish provides facilities for young people in connection with the Jääl Chapel.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Sports halls and halls Laivakanka sports hall Laivakanka sports hall is located in connection with Laivakanka School.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In the early 2000s, there was intense hand-wringing between the then Kiiming Municipal Centre and Jääl where the gym was located, but eventually the option to be built in connection with Laivakangas School prevailed.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[31] The boat fabric sports hall can be modified with grandstand structures and intermediate curtains.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The floor area of the hall is 848m² and can be divided into three blocks if necessary or connected to the Lower Laivakankka School lobby by opening a transfer wall.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

In addition to its area and equipment, the hall is suitable for training in futsal, basket, flying, nesting and badminton, floorball and tennis, elementary school education and series games, in addition to a climbing wall, mirrors and a grandstand.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Jääl School Hall The Jääl School Hall is a smaller gym hall located in connection with the Jääl School and covers an area of 372m2.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The hall is suitable for futsal, basket, flying and badminton and floorball, and for teaching physical education in primary school.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[32] The Laivakankka school will be expanded in 2018-2019, in connection with which the premises replacing the existing Jääl School Hall will also be built Outdoor Trails and Trails Hönttamäki-Jääli Outdoor Trail The city of Oulu will start construction work on the outdoor route between Hönttamäki-Jääli in summer 2018.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The route connects to the route between Hiukkavaara and Aura hut from the areas of Jääl and Vääkylä.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[33] The route will merge with the existing Jääl outdoor route and replace the existing Laivakankaa outdoor route.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Jääl Outdoor Trail The Jääl Outdoor Trail is located in a park and commuter park area according to the formula, also known as Central Park.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The trail is a stone-haired and illuminated outdoor trail that serves as a winter illuminated ski route.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The redesigned routing was completed in 2015 on top of the mostly existing route.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[34] The implementation has taken into account the possibility of connecting to the Jäli-Corvendirect outdoor route, which has been pending for decades.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Ship Canvas Outdoor Trail The unlit route, which runs mainly through forest terrain, is divided into two parts: a 3km shorter loop and a 6km long route.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[35] Sports Areas and Fields The Laivakankka Sports Area To be completed in summer 2018, the new Laivakankka sports area includes a full-size football field with artificial grass, hockey rink, running track, long jump, triple jump and ball push and a 47-seater parking area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[36] The sports area is located opposite Laivakanka Primary School and serves as a commuter location for the school.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The old sports area is located next to the Jääl Centre (shopping centre) and houses the stone ash ball court, tennis and basketball courts, hockey rink and service building, as well as the private Jäälihalli ice rink.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

[37] With the exception of the ice rink, the operations will be transferred to a new sports area, after which residential construction will be assigned to the area under the pending 'ice centre' plan [38].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Along with the above-mentioned sports areas, there are smaller block fields in connection with the Jääl School, Myllykorventien junction and Välikka village.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The Myllykorventien block field will be replaced in 2018 by the Laivakanka sports area located in the immediate vicinity.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Recreation Areas Parks Jääl Central Park is a central part of the Jääl green space network and serves as an everyday outdoor recreation area for residents of the eastern parts of the agglomeration.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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End-to-end of the park can travel along a fairway of light traffic as well as an illuminated ski track [34].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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At the eastern end of Central Park lies the Oasis of Jääl — a recreationally landscaped former land extraction site.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Green lanes lead from the central park between the clusters of settlements, which make the park easily accessible from different directions.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Located along the Ring Road, Tuokkosenmäki consists of a fill-in built sledge hill, Jääl central playground and youth skate ramp area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Various events have been held several times in Tuokkosenmäki, such as “flat land big air competitions” and residents' association ski competitions.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[39] Official Beaches Jäälinmaja Beach Jäälinmaja Beach is located next to Jäälinmaja on the shore of Lake Jäälinjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Jäälinmaja is located near the Jääl Sports Area on the shore of Lake Jäälinjärvi.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Jäälinmaja is a banquet hall operated by a private person with sauna and yard buildings.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

There is a wide variety of festivities and events in the area of Jäälinmaja, for example, the Venetians of Jääl organised in cooperation by associations in the region.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The Jääl pit is a decommissioned soil extraction area, or a so-called gravel pit.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The beach is located on the opposite side of Kuusamontie from Kuusamontie and features a fence-separated swimming area for young children, a floating pier further from the beach, a beach-volley field, locker booths and movable toilets.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[40] Unofficial beaches Various soils have been taken from the Jääl for decades to meet the needs of the Oulu region.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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As a result, there are also a significant number of informal swimming places in the area, the most popular of which is the oasis of Jääl, which is a cleverly landscaped former “gravel pit”.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The oasis of Jääl has a sandy beach, play equipment, a beach-volley field and a net climbing stand.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Kääl oasis is located in the immediate vicinity of Laivakankka kindergarten and school.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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There is also one of the area's light traffic lanes along the side of the oasis of Kääli.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Traffic Jääli is bounded on the west by Highway 20, the main main thoroughfare.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The main causeways in the area are Jäälintie, Kyringtie and Laivakangas antie.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Public transport in the area is responsible for the rapids lines.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Some of the buses run along the Ring Road and some along the Ship Canvas Road.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The light traffic bus mainly follows the network of aggregate roads with minor exceptions.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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For several years, residents of the area have demanded improvements to light traffic routes, but Kiiming Municipality has not been able to afford to develop the network in the area as required for settlement expansion.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The main problem is the missing internal light traffic lanes, there are a lot of park zones between the settlement clusters with paths used by residents to move within the area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Traffic safety Traffic in Kuusamontie is often queued and disturbance sensitive.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[41] Particularly in the case of Jääl, despite the four-lane nature of the Oulu-Korvendirect interval, there are frequent traffic disturbances.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In the long term, problems are planned by re-aligning Kuusamontie, but despite several promises, funding for the project has not been received.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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As a short-term solution, cameras are the first to be installed at the junctions of the Jääl Collector Roads and Kuusamontie in Northern Finland to monitor red light driving.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The reason behind the placement of the cameras is that, especially at the intersection south of Jääl, you often run and ronskist on the reds.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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[42] The Kiiming Road Safety Plan, carried out by the Road Administration and Kiiming Municipality, identified a number of points that were problematic for road safety, e.g.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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The intersection between Ring Road and Laivakankaantie and Laivakangas Antie between Jäälintie — Järvitie.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

Road safety problems in the area are due to e.g.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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lack of light traffic lanes.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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Livelihoods and jobs from the territory of the former Kiiming Municipality, half of the commute to Oulu.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

For ice lice, the figure is even considerably higher.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

On the territory of the village of Jääl, four kilometres facing Oulu, there is Välikylä Business Park with small and medium-sized business activities.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

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In 2008, the business park was the subject of national attention as Toivo Sukari planned to build an Ideapark shopping mall in the area [43].


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Ice-Lice

The Business Park area is located in Northern Finland's only slippery track, Vaasan Oy bakery and other small and medium-sized enterprises.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

The closest to the large concentration of jobs is the Rusko industrial area in Oulu.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

It houses the large factory and product development hub of Nokia Solutions and Networks, NK Cables (formerly Nokia's Cable) and a number of other smaller companies.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

Services Municipal Services Kääl has a diverse set of basic municipal services.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

Jääl's counseling and library services are located in connection with a shopping centre built in the 1970s.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

Near the mall are the Jääl School (grades 0-4), the Jääl Sports Area and the Parish Centre.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

The sports area of Jääl includes a hockey rink, football and tennis courts, and a private ice rink.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

There is also small-scale accommodation in connection with the ice rink.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

Located along the Ring Road, Tuokkosenmäki consists of a fill-in built sledge hill, Jääl central playground and youth skate ramp area.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

Tuokkosenmäki hosts annual “flat land big air competitions” and residents' association ski competitions.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

A kindergarten with the same name has been located next to Tuokkosenmäki since the 1970s.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

A few hundred metres from Tuokkosenmäki, at the intersection of Laivakankaantie and Ketingtie, there is a private kindergarten Satumetsä.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

Laivakangas is home to Laivakangas School (grades 5-9) and Laivakangas Kindergarten graduates in the 21st century.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

In connection with the school is the largest indoor sports facility in the municipality, Laivakankka Sports Hall.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

There is also a block area of service housing and day activities of the Jääl Aid and Disabled Support ry.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

A number of associations, communities and sports clubs operate in Kääli.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

The activity of most is relatively small.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

The activities of sports clubs, on the other hand, are wider and the numbers of enthusiasts are larger.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

Jääl residents' association association Jäälin Lions Club Jäälin Martat ry for the elderly and disabled Tuki Ry Kelmu - Kiiming Live Music Association Association Kiimingin-Jääl Water Management Association Kiimingin Kiekkopojat ry Kiiming Riento Kiiming Parish Kiiming Athletes Kiimingin Virkut ry (Scouting Board) LAFK Laivakankan Futis Klubi ry Mannerheim's Association for Child Welfare Kiiming Local Branch Rotary Club Jääli Finnish Red Cross SPR Jäälin Giant ry Well-known Ice Liikers Antti Aarnio, ice hockey player Daniel Helakorpi, poetry recitation, winner of the 4th season of the Talent competition Mikko Helisten, ice hockey player, Kaarina Kailo, researcher, Chair of Left Women, civic activist Teemu Kattilakoski, former free skier Mikko Lehtonen, ice hockey player, World Cup bronze 2006 Kimmo Lotvonen, ice hockey player Maple Cross, thrash metal band Ilkka Mikkola, ice hockey player Janne Niinimaa, ice hockey player, world champion, Olympic medalist and three-time Finnish champion Atte Ohtamaa, ice hockey player [44] Samuel Salmi, Diocese of Oulu bishop.


Question: What is the population of Jääl in 2018?

Icebi

Sources elsewhere Coordinates: * Category:Oulu districts Category:Kiiming villages Category:Former agglomerations of Northern Ostrobothnia province


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa paša [1] () (1634/1635 Merzifon — 25 December 1683, Belgrade) was a military leader of the Ottoman Empire as well as Grand Vizier from 1676 to 1683.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

During his Grand Vizier period, Kara Mustafa Pasha sought to expand the territories of the Ottoman Empire deeper into Central and Eastern Europe.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He was executed shortly after the 1683 Battle of Vienna, which ended in defeat.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He is particularly known as the instigator and loser of the Great Turkish War and, especially in older Western historiography, have been very critical of him.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

As Grand Vizier, he was conservative, but succeeded, among other things, in initiating the modernisation of the Ottoman Navy.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Early life The part of her name Kara means black, and was often given to dark-haired or dark-skinned children, for example.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

It may also be given sometimes to strong-willed children.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

If it was later given as an additional name for an adult, it meant specifically strong-willed or strong-willed.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[2] According to the official history of the Ottoman Empire, Kara Mustafa was born into an Anatolian land-noble family according to the Islamic calendar in 1081, which ranks the years 1634—1635 in the Gregorian period.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

His father, who died during the 1638 siege of Baghdad, is mentioned as having belonged to the descendants of Urudj bey.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The father is reported to have been a friend of Köprülü Mehmet Pasha.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

After the death of her father, Kara Mustafa was adopted into the Köprülü lineage and received her education together with Fazıl Ahmet, who belonged to the family.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] Kara Mustafa's early stages are also told by contemporaries of French diplomat Charles Olier de Nointel and Venetian envoy [4] Morosini de Alvise, which give a somewhat different description of the early years of Kara Mustafa's life.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Diplomats said his pedigree and starting point may have been more modest than the official description.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

In any case, Kara Mustafa was born according to her name on the territory of the city of Merzifon, more precisely in the village of Marindja (now.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Bahçecik).


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He was in the service and education of Köprülü Mehmet Pashša from a young age and he later married the daughter of Köprülü Mehmet.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Ties with the illustrious and influential Köprülü family contributed to his career.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] Career before Grand Vizier, Köprülü Mehmet Pasha rose to Grand Vizier in 1656 and at the same time also gave Mustafa Kara the first public and influential post in his council.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He took part in the Transylvania War Expedition led by the Grand Vizier and in the 1658 besieging of the town fort of Ineu which ended in victory.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He was tasked with passing the news of the victory to Sultan Mehmed IV, who appointed him to the post of küċük mir akhür [5], thus serving in the vicinity of the court.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

In February 1660, he was appointed beylerbeyi of Silistria, or Governor-General.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

In April 1641 he was transferred to handle the transfer of Valide Sultan from Edirne to Istanbul and thereafter he was appointed governor of Diyarbakır Province.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] The grand vizier period of Köprülü Mehmet Pashša ended with his death in October 1661.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

His son Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet pašša, who appointed Mustafa Kara Grand Admiral in December of the same year, rose to become Grand Vizier next.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Mustafa Kara was given command of the Aegeian fleet, which he led when the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire held a major military parade at Edirne in April 1663 for the Sultan.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Mustafa Kara was the second highest-ranking of those who took part in the parade, which informed his rise on the Ottoman rank scale.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] Relations with the Sultan converge Kara Mustafa did not take part in Fazıl Ahmet's war expeditions in Hungary, but was appointed to the post of kaymakami.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Kaymakam simultaneously served both as a liaison officer between the armed forces and the sultan and as one of the Sultan's advisers and official representatives, so in this position Kara Mustafa was able to increase her influence both in the state administration and in direct relation to the Sultan.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He also briefly served as a ceremonial admiral before being re-appointed Grand Admiral.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

According to Western observers, he was already reaching for the post of Grand Vizier at the time from Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet Pashša and managed to gain the favour of Sultan Mehmed IV, as he appointed him a kaymakam more than one time.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] Kara Mustafa was dismissed from his post of admiral in February 1666, but was given the post of second vizier created in the reorganisation of the administration as compensation.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

However, her rival Mustafa Agha managed to climb her further, resulting in Kara Mustafa being demoted to third vizier.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

In the spring of 1668, he accompanied the Sultan to Crete to observe the siege of Iraklion, which had been underway for 20 years.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[6] They made several hunting expeditions to Tessalia, and on one of these Kara Mustafa could present the Sultan with the news of the siege that ended in victory.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

During the period of peace that followed 1669—1672, however, he remained in the rank of third vizier.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] War with Poland In 1672, war with Poland broke out.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Although Kara Mustafa had last led armies in the field almost 15 years earlier, so was very successful as a military leader.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He was involved in the siege of H'otyn and led the right flank of the army in the battle leading up to the Siege of Kamjanets-Podilskyi.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He also led the Turkish army in the operation that ended with the recapture of Butshach.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Because of his merits, he was appointed one of the chief negotiators of the peace treaty that ended the war, and he agreed on the annexation of Podolia to the Ottoman Empire, as well as the transfer of western Ukraine as an Ottoman protectorate.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] As Grand Vizier upon his return from Ukraine, Kara Mustafa received as his second wife the Sultan's daughter, Küçük Sultan.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Grand Vizier Fazıl Ahmet Pashša had fallen seriously ill and Kara Mustafa was appointed as his officiant in July 1676.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The Grand Vizier died while travelling between Çorlu and Karistran, and Kara Mustafa was appointed the new Grand Vizier on 3 November 1676.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] Kara Mustafa has been described as a very greedy grand vizier.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

According to Morosini de Alvise's contemporaneous description, his regime was tutto venale, crudele e ingiusto, “nothing but corruption, cruelty and injustice”.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

A similar description was given by Giacomo Querini to the Signoria of Venice.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

According to Querin, Kara Mustafa was “brave, violent, arrogant and harsh.”


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Although for a long time, Giovanbattista Doná, the envoy to Venice who remained last, seemed to get along well with Kara Mustafa.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[7] Kara Mustafa's domestic politics were conservative in nature, and her economic policies were aimed at preparing for war as well as the pursuit of personal gain.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He restored the ancient custom that the grand vizier and his closest aides could spend Wednesdays making shopping trips in Istanbul's bazaar districts.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] He was also religiously conservative and sought to raise extremism among Turkish Islamists.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

In December 1680, he abolished the tax imposed on the manufacture of wine because, in his view, the state's profit from the manufacture of wine was contrary to Sharia law.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[7] Foreign Policy Kara Mustafa's foreign policy was especially unthinkable.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He made communication between states more difficult by limiting the right of interpreters of Western ambassadors to meet with the Grand Vizier.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

According to him, the interpreters belonged to the rayah, that is, a large inferior segment of the population.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The status of those belonging to Rayah was too low for its members to participate in high-level political debates.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

His attitude towards envoys from Christian countries has also been described as highly xenophobic, although according to some Western contemporaries sources he was a quick-thinking and acting man who showed great interest in the internal conditions of European states, as well as those between them events and political relations.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] Kara Mustafa's intermittent interest in Western politics may also have stemmed from his foreign policy, which has been described as an opportunistic effort to expand Ottoman territories westward and north by exploiting vassal princes of the frontier regions, such as Cossack hetmani Petro Dorošenko, Hungarian magnate Imre Thököly and Crimean khan Selim Giray II.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He has been said to have been belligerent in his politics and sought to start wars for the joy of warring, but some have seen the main aim of his policies as an attempt to consolidate the position of the Ottoman regime in the often hard-to-govern border regions.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] The indignation felt by the West towards Kara Mustafa was also enhanced by the fact that during her time the Barbaresque pirates holding their bases on the southern coasts of the Mediterranean were overwhelmed and were able to endanger even more of the merchant shipping in the Mediterranean.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[7] Fleet renewal Kara Mustafa maintained contact with the Barbaresques for other purposes.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Moving into the 1680s, the Ottoman fleet, formed mostly of galleys, began to be obsolete.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Sailing ships of the time were represented by only a few merchant ships chartered from Europeans.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Instead, sailing vessels had been used for years by the Barbary esques, which had proved worthy as warships.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

In 1682, Kara Mustafa asked the Barbariesques for information on the type of ship they were using and ended up hiring the Tripolese Misırhoğlu Ibrahim Pashša to build modern liner ships for the Ottoman.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The renewal of the fleet got off to an effective start: the old galley dock of the Istanbul Navy was dismantled and a new shipyard for sailing ships sprang up in place.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The first sailing vessel was laid down in the waters still in the same year.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Two years later, the fleet had a total of six new ships and an additional ten were under construction.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[8] [9] War with Russia During the years 1676—1681, the main attention of the administration was directed to the problems of the Dnieper region.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The treaty with Poland signed in Žuravno had opened up the possibility for the Ottomans to compete for territories in Ukraine, but the Russo-Turkish War got off to a bad start.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The Ottoman strategy was of a highly defensive nature and sought to preserve the territories that had been achieved by the peace treaty with Poland.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The defection of hetmann Petro Doroshenko to the Russian side led to the failure of the 1677 war expedition.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

During the second war expedition, the Ottoman army achieved some victories; it captured the Cossack fortress that existed in Chigirin, as well as erecting fortifications of its own along the Dnieper and Bug.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Yet the second expedition, as a rule, remained inconclusive, as did the third war expedition of 1680, after which the Ottoman peace with Russia in 1681.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] War against the Habsburgs The peace established the situation in the north, so Kara Mustafa could shift his attention to the west.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] With his conservative religious politics, he had attracted the support of bigoted Islamists whose popularity he wished to entrench.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Taking territory from Christians suited that goal.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He began preparing for a war of aggression against Austria.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Politically, he acknowledged the Hungarians' dissatisfaction with the Habsburg monarchy and installed Imre Thököly as vassal ruler.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Thököly was a Lutheran Protestant, like the majority of Hungarians.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The Hungarians felt that the Ottoman Empire's attitude towards the Lutheran Church was more permissive than that of the Catholic Habsburgs, so they joined in support of the Ottoman people when Kara Mustafa offered them their help.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[10] [3] [7] Kara Mustafa garrisoned a large army and chose the Austrian capital Vienna as the target of the war.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] The conditions for the operation were favourable at first, but strength relations turned when the Ottoman army began to besiege the capital.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Pope Innocentius XI managed to finance and raise a multinational army composed of soldiers from Catholic countries, whose leader became King John III Sobieski of Poland.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He led an army to Vienna and defeated the Ottoman and Hungarian siege forces at the Battle of Vienna in September 1683.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[10] Death Kara Mustafa initially withdrew to Budapest to assemble his army in confessions.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

The Austrian forces marched in the stern, so next he retreated to the waters off Belgrade, where he remained to overwinter with his army.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

He created a plan for a new Belgrade launching offensive for the following year, but, having suffered defeat, began to lose confidence in the eyes of the Sultan.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

His political enemies and rivals were additionally free to influence the Sultan, who ended up issuing an order to execute Kara Mustafa on 13 December.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Officers sent from Edirne executed Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha in Belgrade on 25 December 1683 by strangulation.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[11] His head was carried to Edirne, where it was buried in the Saridja Pasha Mosque under his tombstone.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] After becoming prosperous, Kara Mustafa supported the infrastructure of her birth village and established a school there and a mosque dedicated to her mother's memory, and built a clean water well in its centre.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[3] The waqf (charitable foundation) he established in Aleppo additionally funded a number of construction projects over fifty years.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[12] His grandchildren established the Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa Charitable Foundation, which was run by his descendants until the 1970s.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[13] One of Kara Mustafa's notable descendants was his granddaughter's son Grand Admiral Mustafa Pasha, who was slain by rebels led by Patrona Halili, even though Mustafa Pasha had saved Halil, who had previously served on his flagship, from death sentence twice.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Mustafa Pasha was buried near the tomb of Kara Mustafa.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

[14] [15] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = C.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, B. Lewis & Ch.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

Pellat| title = The Encyclopaedia of Islam (Vol.


Question: When was Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha born?

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha

4 Iran-Kha) | publisher = E. J. Brill| year = 1997| id = ISBN 90-04-05745-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Boyar, Ebru & Fleet, Kate| title = A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2010| id = ISBN 11394843}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Setton, Kenneth Meyer| title = Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century| publisher = American Philosophical Society| year = 1991| id = ISBN 0871691922}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Varvounis, Miltiades| title = Jan Sobiades| title = Jan Sobiades| Esque: The King Who Saved Europe| publisher = Xlibris Corporation| year = 2012| id = ISBN 1462880827}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Watenpaugh, Heghnar Zeitlian| title = The Image Of An Ottoman City: Imperial Architecture And Urban Experience In Aleppo In The 16th And 17th Centuries | publisher = BRILL| year = 2004| id = ISBN 9004124543}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wheatcroft, Andrew| title = The Enemy at the Gate - Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe| publisher = Basic Books| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-0-465-0131313| 4-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Zarinebaf, Fariba| title = Crime and Punishment in Istanbul: 1700-1800| publisher = University of California Press| year = 2011| id = ISBN 0520947568}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Işın, Ekrem| title = Osmanlı Donanmasın ın Seyir Defteri/The Logbook of the Ottoman Navy| publisher = Pera Müzesi| year = 2009| id = ISBN 9759123592}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Zurcher, Erik J.| title = Arming the State: Military Conscription in the Middle East and Central Asia, 1775-1925| publisher = I.B.Tauris| year = 1999| id = ISBN 186064404X}} References Category:99.3 Representatives of society Category:Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire Category:Soldiers of the Ottoman Empire Category:Admirals Class:Pashat Class:Executed by the Ottoman Empire Class:Born in the 1630s Class:In 1683 the dead


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Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

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