Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He died in a helicopter crash in the Vietnam War and was posthumously promoted after his death to major in the United States Army.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In 2010, Törn was named an honorary member of the 1st Regiment by the United States Army Special Forces.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[1] In December 2006, Törni was chosen in a reader vote by the Finnish Soldier magazine as the most courageous of the Knights of the Mannerheim Cross.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Swedish metal band Sabaton has scored the song “Soldier of 3 Armies”, which is about Lauri Törni.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Background and youth years Lauri Törni's parents were Saivuri Hjalmar (Jalmari) Törni and Rosa Maria, o.s. Kosonen.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The family's firstborn son had died in June 1918 of smallpox.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Two daughters were born into the family after Lauri, Salme Kyllikki (1920—2010) [2] and Kaija Iiris (1922—2001) [3].


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Father Jalmari served as captain of the small cargo ships of Sugar in Finland.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Törns lived in Vyborg in the Hieta district in a house they bought from chariot master Hägglund.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The chariot master was the father of Icefer General Woldemar Hägglund and grandfather of General Gustav Hägglund.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The three-storey house had 16 rooms, some of which the Törns rented to outsiders.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

One tenant was the brother of Olympic boxer Sten Suvio, father of artist Aira Samulin.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[4] Called Lasse [5] Lauri joined the patron boys of Vyborg, sisters Salme and Kaija again became the Girl Scouts.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In the patronage of regional chief and captain Erich Arnicken, the boys were given sports and physical education in addition to military training.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Lasse was admitted to the Vyborg Real Lyseo and worked in Starckjohann's hardware store during the holidays.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In 1936 he enrolled in the Commercial Assistant School, but the subjects were nonetheless disinterested and he had enough after a year.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[6] Mott Battles Törni volunteered for the army in 1938 call-ups and entered service on 3 September of the same year.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He served in the Machine Gun Company and was sworn in his military oath on 8 October.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In December, Törni was admitted to the sub-officer school and from 1 April he was seconded to the Veterinary Officer School.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Conscript time in Jääkär Battalion 4 ended on 16 November 1939, but due to the threat of war, financial corporal Törni was forced to re-enter service the following day.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[7] In the Winter War, Törni served in Lieutenant Colonel Martti S. Nurmi's Jääkäribattalion 4, which was called Hiipija.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The battalion was moved to the northern bank of Ladoga in the 13th Division area as an attacking unit.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

It suffered heavy crew losses in January 1940, and the battalion commander perished in a car accident early in the war.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The next commander was wounded and perished from blood loss in a field hospital.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Major Matti Aarnio, who later gained the nickname Motti-Matti, was assigned as the new commander.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In late January, there was a fight over ownership of Pukitsanmäki, which controls the Koivuselä terrain.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The enemy was encircled in the mots of the Regiment and Kitelä.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

From behind its lines, the battle site was also approached by the Separate Battalion 8 of Jääkär Captain Artturi Nikula, aliases named “Seinälukki”, with which contact was to be made.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni volunteered for his first patrol behind enemy lines.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The lines were field fortified and enemy assault wagons patrolled the area as well.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In the darkness of night, the Törn patrol made it through enemy positions and arrived at Seinäluk base as far as the battalion's command tent.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Captain Nikula wondered how they had gotten past the battalion's own sentries.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni returned with his patrol back at 8 a.m. and reported the position of enemy positions and ErP 8.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The enemy received an artillery and mortar raid on the back of their necks.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The next night, the Finns went on the offensive.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni, who showed his ability, was seconded as head of a diversionary patrol.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He was then assigned to the Reserve Officers' School (RUK).


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Before the start of the RUK, Major Aarnio assigned Törn as company chief of the Swedish-speaking Separate Battalion 18 in connection with the takeover of the West Lemet mot, as the company's officers had been wounded.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törn's military rank was, for prestige reasons, an officer pupil.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Finnish attacks to destroy western Lemet had been fruitless, but now the motti was cut in half and the enemy destroyed.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

It was from these battles that Törn's reputation took its start thanks to war correspondents.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[8] On 5 February, Törni was seconded to RUK's course 45 Niinisalo.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

There he was assigned to the Machine Gun Platoon.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Winter War ended on 13 March while Törn was still in RUK.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

As an officer coke, Törni served in Infantry Regiment 12 in Estolahti and on 9 May he was promoted to Vänrik.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Lauri Törni found his first love in Virolahti, a matriculation working in the regimental canteen and lota Ilona Oesch, niece of General Lennart Oesch.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[9] Towards Petrozavodsk, Finland was recruited in the spring of 1941 into an SS battalion to fight in the German ranks with the SS Division at Wiking.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

From 6 June 1941, Törni was enrolled with the Finnish battalion of the Waffen SS in Nordost.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni did not speak German and, according to those present, also appreciated the German type of lavish and pointless “pockering”.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The lack of officer invasion led to her returning to Finland on 30 July 1941.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

On 8 August 1941, Törni aspired and qualified as platoon leader in Lightweight Section 8 led by Mountemaster Lars Rönnquist.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The detachment belonged to Major General Frans Uno Fagernäs's 1st Division, which fought at Aunus.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was able to lead first a machine gun and then a tank platoon.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The general offensive of the Karelian Army began on 4 August towards Petrozavodsk.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törn's tank platoon and also an armoured car platoon led by Ensign Kosti Paukkala, who had returned from Germany, cleared the way by driving in front of the attacking section.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

However, due to their poor ground mobility, the tanks were unable to track the movements of the department.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni's platoon was subjected to Lieutenant Colonel Paavo Susitaipale's Infantry Regiment 29, which belonged to Colonel Kaarlo “Kylmä-Kalle” Heiskanen's 11th Division.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The division advanced towards the battles of Prasä, and from there via Matrossa to the main road leading to Petrozavodsk.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Törn Panzer Division assisted the advance of the infantry by destroying enemy colonies.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In Petrozavodsk, overrun by the Finns, Törni reunited with his old crush Ilona Oesch, who served as victualling lotto.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The meeting fell short as the Finns continued their attack through Kontupohi to Karhumäe.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

During the Battles of Karhumäki, Törni was forced to surrender his carriage to the 1st Jakeer Brigade, commanded by Major General Ruben Lagus.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[10] The Finns had achieved their objectives in Aunus and the war of positions began.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In January 1942, Törni was assigned as platoon leader of Lieutenant Colonel Motti-Matti Aarnio's Infantry Regiment 56.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was seriously wounded after skiing on a patrol trip to a mine during the night of 23 March 1942 in Malu.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He suffered shrapnel injuries to different parts of his body and he was partially paralyzed.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In March 1942, he was promoted to lieutenant.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He returned from Seinäjoki War Hospital having been promoted after midsummer 1942 to his former department as Chief of 1st Company.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Scouting Törni was an avid scout man.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In late March 1942, Törni embarked with Ensign Urho Mölsä and submachine gunman Asser Uusi-Jaakkola on a self-intensive interception trip, because of the possibility of extra vacation days for enemy prisoners.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The interception was not successful, but on the way back, Törni skied in a snowtail to the trap wire of a Finnish plumbing mine and was wounded.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Surviving invulnerable, Mölsä and Uusi-Jaakkola moved Törni into the perch and pulled him back into the Finns side.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[11] Törni was admitted to the field hospital in four hours.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Shrapnel was found in his right thigh, right hand and elbow joint.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He was transferred to the Vaasa War Hospital, where he recuperated until almost midsummer.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was admitted to recovery leave from which he did not return.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Authorities informed Infantry Regiment 56 that Lieutenant Törni had disappeared while on leave.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The response from the regimental staff was that Törni has been on the front line for a longer period of time.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni had run away from holiday to the front.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The incident sparked hilarity on the front and elsewhere.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The regiment was stationed on the Isthmus of Maaselä and was traversed by the Stalin Canal starting at Povenza on the northern shore of the Stonen.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Chief of the Guerrilla Company In January 1943, it was decided to establish two guerrilla companies in the 1st Division, which for concealment purposes were called the Iceman Companies.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was assigned as chief of the 2nd Guerrilla Company.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

A rigorous training phase followed.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In the spring, Törn guerrillas made several short patrol trips to the enemy side.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Attempts were made to bully the enemy out of the bases, usually without success.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In April, the guerrilla companies were broken up and in June a Partisan Anti-Partisan Division was established in the 1st Division, with Törni assigned as commander.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The department conducted patrol expeditions, organized ambushes and built mineouts, searched for desants, and secured terrain behind the lines.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In December, Törni received orders to establish an Icefer Company of about 150—160 men from volunteer fighters, with the hull of the anti-desant division in the Partisan Anti-Partisan Division established in June and the earlier 1 D Icefer Companies (JR 35) and JR 56) the men who served.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[12] [13] Thus Department Törni was born and its official founding date was 3 December 1943.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[14] The emblem of the Jääkärikikomppania became an emblem designed by Olavi Mannose, a Jääkäri of Törn with a yellow lightning strike through the red letter T in the blue triangle [15].


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Detachment Törn became a kind of “operational fist” of the division commander, whose crew were required to have good physical fitness, the military skills of the master class and mental endurance.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törn's reputation was tough in Finland and the Soviet Union too.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[16] “Bring Törni alive or dead, we will pay three million Finnish marks for him,” Tiltu of Moscow announced in the ether.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[17] At the turn of the year, the company was stationed at Jouhivaara on the southern shore of Seesjärvi.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In February, a tall man from Turku, Mauno Koivisto, the future President of the Republic, arrived in the company.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[18] The Soviet 33rd Ski Brigade and Infantry Regiment 55 had been stationed on the northern shore of Lake Sees.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Soviets constantly sent strong patrols to harass the Finns.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

On the night between 16 and 17 March, Red Army troops, with a battalion-strong detachment, attacked the southern shore of Seesjärvi and laid siege to the Finns base.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Department Törni was alerted to the scene, which with its counter-strike cleared the situation.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Of an enemy detachment of about three hundred people, 82 men fell and 32 were taken prisoner.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The spoils of war became 58 submachine guns, five flamethrowers, two sprint rifles and, among other things, 115 pairs of skis.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[19] The second Degtjarev “Emma” sprint rifle was received by Koivisto, a jockey involved in the attack.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Of Törn's men, eight fell and eleven were wounded.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The commander of the II Army Corps, Lieutenant-General Paavo Talvela, conveyed Commander-in-Chief Mannerheim and his own thanks to the troops.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In particular, thanks were directed to the Jäkärike Company and Lieutenant Lauri Törn.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[20] Following the beginning of the Soviet Grand Offensive in June, Törn's Jakeer Company was forced to take charge of the entire Jouhivaara Block when Separate Battalion 14 was transferred to the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[21] In one counter-strike, the company destroyed 60 enemy troops.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[22] Detachment Törn was needed on 5 June further south north of Säämäjärvi to repel two advancing enemy regiments.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

During almost two days of fighting, Törn's detachment produced the losses of hundreds of men to the enemy.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In these battles, the Jääkäri Company lost 31 men wounded, fallen and missing, including three officers.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[23] The Mannerheim Cross and the End of Warring in Finland, Törni was appointed Knight Number 144 of the Mannerheim Cross on 9 July 1944.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[24] “Lieutenant Törni has innate leadership ability, cold-blooded and resourceful,” wrote 1.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Division commander Major General Uno Fagernäs with the Mannerheim Cross during his presentation on 23 March 1944.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Says in his reasoning.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[25] “In the Winter War and the current war, he has on many occasions shown special valor, skill and counseling.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[26] By virtue of his courage and enthusiasm, he has instilled a brilliant fighting spirit throughout his department and has thus personally contributed considerably to the conditions for combat.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[27] Fagernäs's performance as a knight did not yet produce the desired result.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The renewal motion for the appointment of a knighthood was made by Major General Einar Mäkinen, commander of the II Army Corps, on 8 July 1944.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In his reasoning, he refers to Fagernäs's performance as added in some respects, as well as stating, “it is desirable that Lieutenant Törni should be allowed to carry the Mannerheim Cross, for his fabled happiness cannot always continue”.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[22] It was only after this replay that the commander-in-chief appointed Törn a knight already the next day.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Commander-in-Chief justified his appointment decision: “Lieutenant Törni has excelled during this war as the head of the Jaeger Platoon and Company on many combat and long-distance patrol expeditions and, over the last two years, he has shown himself to be the best combatant and resourceful guerrilla commander Features.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

“[13] [22] Törni was promoted to captain on 28 August 1944.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union went into effect from 4 to 5.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

on Sept.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was demobilized on 4 December 1944.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[13] In October 1944, Törni hid a number of weapons in Eno's raven forests with Arvo Männistö in case the Russians had occupied Finland after the Intermediate Peace Treaty.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[13] The Törnin—Männistö weapons cache was made on the initiative of Törni, without any connection to the actual weapons cache case.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The men took three boxes of guns, eight boxes of ammunition and 36 hand grenades into the woods.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Included was Mauno Koivisto's personal weapon, the Degtjarev sprint rifle.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Arvo Männistö revealed the weapons cache to the authorities in 1993.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The sprint rifle Mauno Koivisto used in the cache ended up in the War Museum.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

After discharge, he initially lived with his parents in Vaasa, where he met one of his comrades who served in the SS troops, Jalo Kolmu Korpela.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Finnish SS men were not qualified for the Lapland War due to the military oath they had given to Germany — which, although Törn, had not been sworn in.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Germany's 20.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Mountain Army eventually had to be driven from Lapland fighting and pursuing, with the last Germans disembarking from Kilpisjärvi to the Norwegian side on 27 April 1945.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[13] Moving to Nazi Germany and sentencing for treason, Kolmu Korpela asked Törn to meet with Arthur Björklund, who was a representative of the resistance movement founded by the Germans in Finland when the brotherhood was broken.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni and Korpela met Björklund in Vaasa at Restaurant Central.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

With the intention of providing men with sabotage and resistance training at the base of Sonderkommando Nord, part of the German intelligence service, the Resistance Movement was quietly trying to recruit Finnish officers.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

If the Soviet Union were to occupy Finland, the resistance would take up arms, assisted by Germany.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törn was to serve as a trainer for other resistance men in Finland after training.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

At that time Finland was waging the Lapland War against Germany, so the offer meant moving to the enemy side.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[28] [29] Under German intelligence training, Törni took up the offer and boarded a German submarine on the night of 22 January 1945 on the open sea off Kristiinantown, where they journeyed by fishing boat from the small village of Blacksnäs.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[30] In Heringsdorf, Germany, Törni arrived on 28 January 1945.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[31] The pre-period of training began on the next day and lasted almost a week with 14-hour lessons, which continued with the two-week leadership training in Stettin.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[31] From Stettin, Törni returned back to Heringsdorff, where he received instruction as an assistant to a staff officer along with four other Finnish SS officers.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[32] Törni continued his studies together with other Finnish SS officers in early April at the SS-Jagd Verband supplementary course in Neu-Streliz, which unexpectedly lasted only a week.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[33] After returning from Neu-Streliz to Heringsdorf, the Finns were told that they would be sent to their areas of operation in Sweden, Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In anticipation of further action, they continued their espionage and intelligence studies, which were interrupted when retreating German troops swooped on the island of Usedom.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The premises of the Sonderkommando Nord Golf Casino in Heringendorf had to be handed over to the front force HQ and Törni was evacuated with others to Flensburg near the Danish border.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[34] Before leaving, new passports were distributed to the Finns, where Törni was named Auli Haapalainen.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[34] The evacuation of the Sonderkommando Nord from Heringendorf to Flensburg took five days by train, which from Törn and his partners went on a drunken basis, as the staff's liquor storage was loaded on the same wagon.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The men were caught for their drunkenness but survived with impunity.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

From Flensburg, Lieutenant Commander Alexander Cellarius ordered the Finns to change their civilian suits and travel via Denmark to Norway, where they were to report to SS-Hauptsturmführer Jouko Itälä or Lieutenant Arvid Ojast (formerly of Valpon chief detective).


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Before embarking on the journey, the Finns attended a quick wedding where their superior, Cellarius, was officiated with Miss Helsingius, chancellor of the espionage staff.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[35] The group's journey to Norway did not go as planned; they were forced to dodge troops returning from Denmark to Germany and eventually the Allied forces that had landed in the area between Cuxhaven and Hassum.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

They were forced to return to the Kiel Canal, from where they began a new journey towards Norway.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Encountering British paratroops, the Finns shared their cover story that they had worked in Germany for the military industry and had just escaped from the Flatow assembly camp.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Furthermore, the men reported that they wanted to join the British in order to fight the Germans, but to this the British commander did not agree, as Britain was at war with Finland.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Finnish contingent was ordered to continue their journey to Denmark and report to the local military police.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The group obeyed the order and the Danish military police transported them to Åbenråho, where handed the men over to the Danish State Police.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

After interrogations, they were transferred to Copenhagen, where they obtained contact with the Finnish consulate and the necessary documents to move to Malmö on the Swedish side.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

From Malmö, they travelled further to Oslo, where they reported under orders they received from Cellarius at the base of the Marinestadt Stadtpolizei.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

From here the men were commanded to an SS company formed of Finns operating in Norway, on whose headquarters Törni was stationed.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[36] According to the interrogation report carried out by the state police, Törni was not involved in the group that travelled to Oslo.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Instead, Törni heard about it from SS man Kaj Laurell, who reported that the men also hid more than ten million then Finnish marks taken from SS-Politzei's treasury at the Swedish-Norwegian border.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[37] According to Törn's claim, he wanted training from Germany to act on behalf of the government if necessary, and when the Germans demanded espionage activities from him, he refused and was forced to the front, thereby acquiring himself as a prisoner by the Allies.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni reported that he was aiming for British troops to fight.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[38] Last stages in Germany There are different accounts of the final stages of Törn in German service.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

According to one version judged unlikely, Törni would have gone to the Russian front to command a German Marine battalion and after fighting there would have eventually surrendered to American and British forces with his men.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[39] According to the second account, Törni would not have had the opportunity to fight, but would have been arrested by an American soldier and his Finnish comrade, and that he would have escaped from a British prison camp a week after the end of the war and went to apply via Denmark to Norway and eventually to Finland.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[39] According to a more recent account, Törni, who had received the rank of Hauptsturmführer on 15 April 1945, encountered in northern Germany with his SS brothers in arms Kolmu Korpela and Juhani Sarasalo the forces of General Wilhelm Steiner.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Western Allies and the Soviet Union were already facing each other.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In the fighting, Juhani Sarasalo found himself separated from the duo.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni assembled a contingent of German soldiers to fight against the Red Army near Hagenown military airfield, and after getting a group together, Törni surrendered to the Americans despite the Soviets protesting.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

After a week, Törni and Korpela were handed over to the Britons, who had been given control of the area.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Eventually, Törni and Korpela simply walked out of the unattended prison camp and returned to Finland with false personal information in July 1945.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[40] According to Anu Vertase's thesis, Valpo determined that Törn had returned from German sabotage and espionage training while still in Finland, but when Germany collapsed, was again in Germany, where he was in a British prison camp.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni escaped from the camp and fled to Denmark, from where he was returned via Sweden to Finland in the summer of 1945.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[41] According to the works of Kallonen and Sarjase, it is impossible that Törni would have travelled back and forth between Germany and Finland.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Returning to Finland, Törni returned to Finland in the summer of 1945.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Red Valpo arrested Törni in Turku, but he ran away during the transport.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Valpo arrested Törni from his apartment in Helsinki during a home inspection on 12 April 1946.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was placed in protective custody and later prosecuted.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was found guilty of treason and illegal crossing of the border, as well as losing his civil trust for four years.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Although Valpo was infiltrated by communists, the Turku Court of Appeal was not.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

On 10 January 1947, the Turku Court of Appeal sentenced him for treason to six years in a discipline room, which was the minimum term for treason.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Supreme Court upheld the sentence on May 21, 1947.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The basis for the conviction was enlistment in enemy service after a state of war began between Finland and Germany (15 September 1944), and participation as a proxy in the creation of a pro-German resistance movement in Finland.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[13] [39] In July 1947, Törni escaped from Turku County Prison, assisted by a guard, but was caught in Oulu on 31 July while en route to Sweden after a colourful escape.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He was arrested along with his former SS buddy Uuno Veli Korpela.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[13] Törni was released as early as 1948 on probation, which would have lasted until 1953 had he not been pardoned by President Paasikivi on 23 December 1948 for parole.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[13] [41] The Finnish military rank of Törni was removed from the list of officers by President of the Republic J. K. Paasikivi on 6 October 1950 on the presentation of General Aarne Sihvo, commander of the Defence Forces.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

However, the decorations were not revoked.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The case has sparked debate.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The rank of military could be forfeited under Section 14a of Chapter 2 of the RL in a situation where the accused was sentenced to lose his civil trust.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Part of Törn's treason conviction was loss of civil trust, which, under the legislation of that time, automatically included the loss of military rank as well.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni had regained his civil trust two years earlier in connection with an amnesty.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Military rank is not specifically mentioned in the verdict or pardon.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

According to the Ministry of Justice, Törn had not been reinstated in the amnesty as this should have been applied separately.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The removal from the list of officers was, in the view of the Justice Department, merely a practical measure with no legal significance.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[13] [42] Sweden, engagement, America Törni decided to leave for Sweden, where before him several armaments had fled.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

They have later been called Marttinen's Men after their beakman, Colonel Alpo Marttinen.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni crossed the border at Tornio with his old fellow officer, Lieutenant Holger Pitkäsen, under cover of another person's seaman's passport.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The journey continued by rail towards Stockholm, near which fellow officers lived e.g.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Countess Wera von Essen noticed at Skokloster Castle.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[43] In Sweden, Törni became engaged to Marja Kops on 1 January 1950.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

For the aforementioned occasion, Törn's gun suit from Finland to Sweden was smuggled by his future wife.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[44] Since then, Marja Kops was very underneath after Törn travelled slightly after the wedding from Gothenburg on S/S Bolivia first to Venezuela, from where she travelled further to the United States.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[45] After waiting her time, she eventually married a Spanish doctor.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Marja Kops died in 2000 tragically in a car accident.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He had already learned of the 1999 search in Vietnam at the site of a helicopter crash and had written an obituary for the possible funeral of his former fiancee.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Department Lauri Törni Heritage Guild representative read the obituary in accordance with Marja's wish at a funeral service in Arlington (Virginia, USA) on 26 June 2003.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[46] Törni arrived in La Guaira in the outer port of Caracas, Venezuela, where he was met by Colonel Motti-Matti Aarnio.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[47] In Caracas, Törni received Pest in late summer 1950 aboard the Norwegian cargo ship M/S Libre Villa, whose destination was the United States.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In the Gulf of Mexico off the city of Mobile in Alabama, he jumped into the sea and swam ashore.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni got to New York City, where, with the help of the Finns who lived, he got jobs as a carpenter and a cleaner, among other things.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In August 1953, Törni received a residence permit and in January of the following year he enlisted in the United States Army.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He was a 35-year-old rookie.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni received basic training at Fort Dix in New York State, mountain and cold weather training at Fort Carson, Colorado, and in September 1954 parachute training at Fort Benning, Georgia.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni received basic special forces training at the garrison of Fort Bragg, North Carolina.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In April 1955, Törni was promoted to corporal and on July 26 he became a U.S. citizen.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Lauri Allan Törni changed his name to Larry A. Thorne.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In November, he was promoted to sergeant.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In 1956, on the recommendation of Alpo Marttinen, Thorne was seconded to the Signal Officer Course at Fort Gordon, Georgia.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

After graduating from the course, he was promoted to lieutenant.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Starting in the spring of 1957, Larry Thorne served as an officer of the 11th Immigration Division at Bad Tölz in the Federal Republic of Germany.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He continued his military career in Germany through the ranks of the 10th Special Forces Group, completed the Italian Alpine Icefer School and exhibited special forces activities in the training film “Phantom Soldiers”.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[48] In 1962, a US Army de Havilland Otter aircraft carrying reconnaissance equipment crashed in the mountains of northern Iran in January.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The primary mission, under the order, was to find the plane's crew.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Two mountaineering teams, an Iranian and a West German, were sent to the crash site at an altitude of 4,300 metres in the Zagros Mountains, which failed.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In June, it was the turn of U.S. Army Special Forces and Captains Larry Thorne, as well as Herbert Schandler, as leaders of two A platoons.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Thorne made it to the scene with eight men.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Thorne's men found the wreckage and the bodies of two crew members nearby.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Some of the equipment was lost, Thorne recovered the rest and blew up the wreckage of the plane.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Later, a third body was found at the scene.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[49] Vietnamese in Vietnam Thorne fought on two occasions.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

On his first deployment, Thorne was first stationed at Chau Lang Base, where he established a new base at Tinh Bien.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

These were located in the southern part of Vietnam near the border with Kampuchea in the area of the so-called “Seven Mountains” and were, thanks to effective action led by Thorne, “a thorn in the Viet Cong flesh of the Vietnamese National Liberation Front”.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In December 1964, Thorne returned to Vietnam, serving in Phuoc Vinh, Phu Quoc Island and Nha Trang.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In October of the following year, Thorne took part in a secret Shining Brass operation to locate a Ho Chi Minh supply road used by Viet Cong guerrillas.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The original departure date was moved because the weather was rainy, foggy and the mountains were covered in clouds.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

After the weather improved briefly, an operation was initiated and a patrol led by Sergeant Charles Petry was lowered into the operational area.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

A CH-34 Kingbee helicopter carrying Törn was left waiting in the area for the patrol to acknowledge.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Upon receipt of the acknowledgement, the chopper headed for the return trip.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

At dusk and under very bad flight weather, Thorne's helicopter crashed into the mountain wall and was destroyed.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[50] The searches were fruitless, and Larry Thorne was found missing by a date of October 18, 1965.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

On 19 October 1966, Thorne was pronounced dead.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was not declared dead in Finland, but his father and two sisters organized a memorial service for him at Restaurant Laulumies in Helsinki on 12 February 1967.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Standing in the honour guard at that time were the brothers in arms of Section Törn, who organised arms evenings in later years.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

It is reported that Mauno Koivisto had once gone out of JR 56's party with other Törni men and responded to the trolling of others: “Törni's crew have never informed others where it is going.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

“[13] The forward air controller plane (FAC) O-1E “Birddog” was also lost on its return flight to Danang with its crew of two.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The Tinh Bien base was also visited by author Robin Moore, who went through special forces training, whose success book Green Beret is considered to be Lauri Törn as the protagonist of “Sven Kornie”.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The book has been made into a film The Green Berets (1968), in which John Wayne plays the main character, Colonel Mike Kirby.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The realized manuscript is quite far from the text of the book.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

James Whitener, who was part of Törn's department in Vietnam, has in turn convinced Moore's book is extremely close to the truth.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[51] Searches The United States Joint Task Force Full Accounting Division is tasked with searching for missing soldiers.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Another thousand American troops remain unaccounted for from the Vietnam War alone.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In 1998, the Törn sisters received information that the Full Accounting department had possibly found the site where Larry Thorne's helicopter was destroyed.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

According to one resident of the village of Phuoc My, who was hunting, there was an unknown helicopter wreck up in the mountains, in difficult terrain.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

In July 1999, the Full Accounting department sent an expedition to the site, which also involved a team of five Finns, among them Lauri Törni's nephew Loha Rajala.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The crash site is on the jungle mountain, near the Laotian border.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[52] The expedition had to be flown to the site by helicopter, and the landing site was a few hundred metres from the crash site.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The research effort was led by anthropologist Dennis Danielson, who, after plunging into a steep hillside, the helicopter has exploded and caught alight.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Aluminium melted in intense heat, fragments of window plex, cartridges, bullets and various chopper parts, the largest of which was a star engine.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

It was clear from the serial numbers on the rotor blade that it was a Törn helicopter.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Also found in the clay soil was Törn's personal weapon, a Swedish Carl Gustav m/45 submachine gun dubbed the Swedish K in the United States.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The screening also found hundreds of bone fragments and a European-patched tooth.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[53] The remains of the crew were transported to the United States and identified in the spring of 2003.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni was identified by a dental map, two of the South Vietnamese crew of the chopper were identified by DNA and one by an hour plate.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Since all the remains of the deceased could not be separated, a joint burial was performed for them.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Case 0174, meaning Larry A. Thorne's fate had finally become clear.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[54] Lauri Törni was buried with military accolades on 26 June 2003 at Arlington Military Cemetery.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The headstone is located in area (“section”) 60 and the stone number is 8136.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Törni's memorial service in Finland was held on 17 July 2003 in Säkylä, Huovinrintee garrison.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

His name and dates of birth and death were also hewn on the tombstone of a family grave in Malmi Cemetery.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

On 3 March 2004, the Department Lauri Törni Perinnekilta's expedition took a steel plaque in honour of a Finnish war hero to the crash site of the Törni helicopter.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The slab is attached to the rock two dozen metres from the crash point, about 830 metres in height.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[55] The coordinates of the accident site are in MGRS coordinates 48P YB 9455 8960, expressed in normal coordinates.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The place is located southwest of Danang, Vietnam, along Highway 14, halfway between Dak Pec and Kham Duc, about 12.5km from the Laos border.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[52] On the same Shining Brass mission, the crash site of an O-1E “Birddog” plane missing in forward air controller duty near Danang was discovered as early as 1992 with the help of a local resident.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

The site was searched in 1993 and the crew identified in the summer of 2001 (incident 0171).


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Conflicting interpretations and treatment in media In their book Unknown Lauri Törni docent Juha Pohjonen and postdoctoral researcher Oula Silvennoinen say that they bring new information about Törni.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

According to them, an erroneous picture of Törni has been given in Finland.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Scholars criticized various authors for having constructed a hero myth about Törni in line with their own ideals and for sweeping Törn's negative traits into hiding.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[56] The work highlights the ambivalent nature of Törn: sober he was well-liked, toned and closed, but aggressive, unpredictable and even dangerous to his environment under the influence of alcohol.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

According to these researchers, Törni was not driven by patriotic love or ideality, but Törni himself told his motivations for action and warring.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[56] Diplomat and author J. Michael Cleverley, who has written Lauri Törni, Born a Soldier (2003) on Törni, criticised Pohonen and Silvennoinen's work as presenting little new information, containing errors and attitudinally selective.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[57] Cleverley says that Törn was rated among their best officers in all half-yearly assessments by the commanders of the United States Army and was characterised as highly intelligent, correctly behaved, as well as an innate leader.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[57] Jussi Niinistö believes that the book of Pohjose and Silvennoinen does not bring out anything new about Törni.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

According to him, nasty issues such as Törn's alcohol consumption or treason conviction have not been silenced in the past.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[58] Mauno Koivisto says that Törni had its pros and cons.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He was a kept superior who demanded nothing from his subordinates that he would not have done himself, and he participated in all activities like others in the company.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

He was also closeted, underspoken and at times quarrelsome.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Lack of formal discipline was also a problem.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Koivisto felt that Törni led the company “pretty badly”, another private reported that he wondered “whether we were being led at all.”


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

[59] Service records Finnish Army 3 September 1938 conscript (in reserve) 1 March 1939 Reserve corporal 9 May 1940 reserve ensign 5 March 1942 reserve lieutenant 27 August 1944 reserve captain 6 October 1950 loss of military rank, off the officer list [39] Decorations: 2nd Lk Medal of Liberty 26 July 1940 1st Lk Medal of Liberty 24 August 1940 3rd Lk Cross of Liberty 9 October 1941 4th Lk Liberty Cross 23 May 1942 Mannerheim Cross 9 July 1944 1st Div.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Cross of the Border Ice Corps Cross Bronze Medal of the Defence Forces [39] Germany, Waffen-SS 18 May 1941 Untersturmführer (Nordost) 15 April 1945 Hauptsturmführer (Sonderkommando Nord) Decorations: 2nd Order Iron Cross 11 December 1943 [39] Army 28 January 1954 Private 20 December 1954 Corporal 28 April 1955 Corporal 17 November 1955 Sergeant 9 January 1957 Lieutenant (res.)


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

On November 30, 1960, Captain (res.)


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

December 16, 1965 Major (res., posthumously) Decorations: Bronze Star [60] Army Commendation Medal [39] Purple Heart (× 2) [60] The Legion of Merit [61] Army Good Conduct Medal [60] National Defence Service Medal [60] Vietnam Campaign Medal [60] Air Medal [61] Combat Infantry Badge [60] Parachute Badge (Master) [60] Distinguished Flying Cross Special Forces' 1st Regiment Honorary Member [1] Sources Literature Alava, Ali: Special Section North.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Karisto: Hämeenlinna 1978.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-23-1258-1.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Brantberg, Robert: War Heroes.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Northern Lights: Jyväskylä 2000.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-11-X.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cleverley, J. Michael| title = Lauri Törni: Born a Soldier.| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2003| version = Translated by Juha Vääänen| isbn = 978-951-1-20467-1}}} Hurmerinta, Ilmari — Viitanen, Jukka: For Finland: Knights of the Mannerheim Cross 1941—1945.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 2004.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-20-6224-0.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Jokipii, Mauno: Hitler's Germany and its volunteer movements.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Finnish Literature Society, Helsinki, 2002.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-746-335-9.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Kairinen, Paavo A.: Men of Marttinen.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

WSOY, Helsinki, 1994.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-0-19802-1.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Kallonen, Kari and Sarjanen, Petri: Lionamieli 1919—1949.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 1997.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-00-4.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Kallonen, Kari and Sarjanen, Petri: Purppurasydän 1949—1965.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 1997.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-01-2.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Kallonen, Kari and Sarjanen, Petri: Crusade 1965—1999.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 1999.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-09-8.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Kallonen, Kari and Sarjanen, Petri: Legenda, Lauri Törni - Larry Thorne.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 2004.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-38-1.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Karhunen, Joppe: Men of the Battles.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

WSOY, Huddersfield 1972.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-0-00639-4.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lappalainen, Niilo| title = After the Armistice | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1997}} Lappalainen, Niilo: Dangerous roads.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

WSOY, Helsinki 1998.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-022665-3 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pohjonen, Juha — Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Unknown Lauri Törni| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2013| isbn = 978-951-1-23648-1}} Rönnquist, Lars — Vuorenmaa, Anssi: Jäkärit of Törn.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

WSOY, Helsinki 2004.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-0-19448-4 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vertanen, Anu| title = Front to Ratakadu: Finnish SS men in Communist Valpo 1945-1948| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = University of Jyväskylä | year = 2005| version = Master's thesis, Department of History| accessdate = 11.7.2008}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kallonen, Kari| title = Blue-green berets: Finnish soldiers in the Vietnam War| publisher = Northern Lights | year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-5170-56-X}} Pohjonen, Juha — Silvennoinen, Oula: Unknown Lauri Törni.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Otava, 2013.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 978-951-1-23648-1 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salomaa, Markku| title = I spy: The Silenced Reality of Espionage and Counterintelligence | number = Lauri Törni: Adventure took a spy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Chosen pieces - Reader's Digest| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-584-771-3| pages = 294—307}} On the topic elsewhere in Heyno, Jouko: Review of Lauri Törni: Born a Soldier. '


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

(Legenda'i Kallonen — Petri Sarjanen) about Karlauri Törni.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Northern Lights in 2004.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Minister Olli-Pekka Heinonen's reply to a written question by Sulo Aittoniemi on 20 March 2001.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Finland's Kuvaleht 37/2003.


Question: What year was Lauri Törni born?

Lauri Törni

Category:Knights of the Mannerheim Cross Category:Finnish SS soldiers Category:American soldiers Category:American Finns Category:People born in 1919 Class:Persons who died in a plane crash Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The New Testament is an indicative text collection of Christianity, or canon.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

According to Christians, it is the latter part of the two-volume Bible and a continuation of the Old Testament.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The New Testament contains 27 books.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Its gospels (euangelion in Greek, “ilosanoma” or “good message” in Finnish) focus on Jesus' teachings, life, death and resurrection.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In addition to the Gospels, the New Testament contains the first Christian history work, thirteen epistles written by the Apostle Paul, eight so-called general epistles, and one apocalypse, or revelation.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The books of the New Testament were written in the years 50—150 as koineecholes.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[1] The first to achieve canon status were the epistles of Paul and the four gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Once and for all, the canon was complete by the fourth or fifth century.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The current canon of the New Testament was listed first by Saint Athanasios in 367.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[2] Cultural background Roman power The New Testament has its roots in Judaism, with further influences coming from Greco-Roman culture.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The Roman Empire had been divided into different areas of government, among which the events of the New Testament are closely placed within the territory of Palestine.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[3] At the beginning of the period, the actions of the Roman land lords provoked discontent.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In particular, the Selotes incited revolt against the Romans.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In 66, Jews began to revolt openly, effectively ending with the overthrow of Jerusalem in 70.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

After the Jewish War, Jerusalem lost its importance as a center of Jewish faith, and Judea's self-government was abolished.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[3] Hellenistic culture in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire was dominated by Hellenistic culture.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

At the beginning of the period, its distinguishing features were as follows: [4] The use of the so-called koineecrec simplified from Classical Greek as a common language.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Although, Aramaic, a related language of Hebrew, was spoken in the Judean region.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

World Citizenship and Individual Centrality


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

A cynical philosophy that emphasized independence from all needs.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Stoic philosophy that emphasized peace of mind and fatalism.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The rise of mystery religions promising salvation, which began to supplant the official gods of state power.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Influence of religious-philosophical Gnosticism between the second and fourth centuries.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Gnosticism was very diverse, but it was united by an ambivalent perception of reality.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

There was a clear distinction between matter and spirit, as was the creator god who built the universe, namely the demiurg and the true God of light.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Jewish community Judaism had spread across the Mediterranean countries with the advent of the Roman Empire, and the religion had become diverse.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

However, all were united by the belief that God has made a covenant with Abraham and by extension the people of Israel.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Similarly, through Moses, a law was obtained that tells of the conclusion of the covenant and its terms.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Judaism traditionally does not divide things into secular and religious; all things in life are part of worship.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[5] The destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem forced the centralization of diverse Judaism in a more unified form.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[6] Before the destruction of the temple, there were five different parties or groups among the Jews in Palestine.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[5] The Pharisees seek to observe the law of Moses as closely as possible.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

They also cherished oral inheritance, for according to the Pharisees God had communicated to them the message after Moses.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The piety of the Pharisees was appreciated by the common people, and after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem their teachings became the driving force of Judaism.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The Sadducees were a party made up of the upper class of Jewish society.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

They strive to keep as good relations as possible with the Romans so as not to be disrupted by the temple cult and other life.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

With the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, the Sadducees lost importance.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Near the Dead Sea was home to the secluded community of Qumran, usually associated with the Essenes.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

It was critical of the Temple cult in Jerusalem.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

With the Jewish Wars, the community was destroyed, but until modern times the Dead Sea Scrolls have survived it.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The Selotes advocated direct action against the Romans.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The group carried out assassinations using daggers.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The majority of Jews did not commit to any of these groups.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[5] Jews who immigrated outside Palestine were called Hellenist Jews.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

They spoke not Aramaic but Koineecreic, and their Bible was Septuaginta.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[7] Palestine was the core area of Jewish culture, but the prevailing Hellenistic culture in the Roman Empire also influenced there.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Some Jews adapted to Hellenism as permitted by religion, while others were fiercely opposed to it.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Christianity took a more open view of Hellenism and the New Testament shows the influence of Hellenistic philosophies.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Neo-Platonism in particular, beginning in the second and third centuries, seemed to Christian thought.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[5] Compilation and Canonization The religious movement created by Birth Jesus and his followers spread rapidly to the Mediterranean countries.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Congregations meeting in homes emerged along coasts and along itineraries, and later organized into communities.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The central doctrines of Christianity were formed in the first hundred years.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[8] According to New Testament texts, the first Christians considered themselves Jews who believed Jesus was the Messiah sent by God.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Gradually, Christianity formed into its own religion.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Christians began to compile their own literature, the earliest kind of which was the letter.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The most famous author of the letters was the apostle Paul.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

His letters are the only texts born during the first Christian generation to have survived to modern times.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[8] The doctrine of Jesus was gradually compiled into written form into various gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In addition to letters and gospels, religious treatises and preaching literature emerged.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The oldest of the writings that have reached the New Testament canon, or indicative text collection, are Paul's letters from the Fifties.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The Gospels were drawn up between the 70th and the 10th centuries and the latest book, the Second Epistle of Peter, was written in the middle of the second century.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[8] Formation of the canon Early Christians considered Jewish scriptures to be indicative.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Christians particularly used the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, Tanak.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

It passed simply as “scriptures” (Greek for grammata), meaning the Bible.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[9] Gradually, books prepared by Christians emerged alongside Tanaki.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In the second century these books began to be compiled under the name “New Testament”, although there was no consensus at the time which books were accepted as indicative.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[2] In the early congregations, along with Tanaki — or the somewhat wider Septuagint — letters and books from well-known Christian teachers were also read.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Early Christianity was not a unified movement, and there were conflicts between adherents of different interpretations.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[2] It was not until the second century that the line of the church wanted to be unified, which was given extra impetus, especially by the “stray teacher” Marchion.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[9] The boundaries of the New Testament canon, or indicative collection of texts, were mainly defined in the second and third centuries.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Information from this period is scarce and fragmented.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In contrast, there is significant canonisation reflection from the fourth century.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The boundaries of the canon were written among Christians and was the subject of discussion at various ecclesiastical assemblies of the fourth and fifth centuries.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[10] Modern scholars do not know the entire sequence of events precisely, but as a result 27 books were selected for the canon.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The selections of certain books for the New Testament probably had four reasons: [2] Apostolic origin: the books were at least nominally written by the apostles or their associates.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Literature referring to early Christian centres such as Rome or Ephesus was popularized.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Catholic, that is, the book was in use commonly in the church.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Orthodoxy, meaning the book contains no heresies.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The first to attain canon status were the Epistles of Paul and the four Gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Definitively, the New Testament text collection was complete by the fourth or fifth century.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The New Testament canon as it is now known was first listed by Saint Athanasios, Bishop of Alexandria, in a letter addressed to his church in 367.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[2] Even after this, there was no fully unified canon.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The Eastern Church questioned the Book of Revelation, and the Western Church accordingly hesitated to canonize the Epistle of Hebrews.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[2] The reason for the opposition of the Western Church was the letter's mention that no more sins can be forgiven after baptism.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[11] [12] [10] Non-canon literature excluded a large amount of literature that was read in early Christian congregations in the first centuries.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Christianity was not unified yet in the first few centuries.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Gnosticism emphasised by encrypted knowledge emerged as a major religious movement, which created a wealth of literature between the second and fourth centuries.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[13] Inscriptions outside the canon, or apocryphal, have survived variously to the present day.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Some are known by name, short fragments of others have been found, and in addition to these there are whole manuscripts — even several different versions.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[14] Perhaps the most significant work outside the canon is the Bring Gospel, which consists of short collections of Jesus' sentences.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The work was produced around the years 100—150.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

It resembles the Gospels of Matthew and Luke using the Q source.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[13] To bring the Gospel is labeled Gnostic, although it was quite used in many early Christian congregations.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[15] Between the years 80 and 160, works were written that were close to canonized books on behalf of content and time.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

They go by the name Books of the Apostolic Fathers, that is, the Apostolic Fathers.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[13] Also in high regard were Hermah the Shepherd, the First Epistle of Clemens, Didache, the Epistle of Barnabas, the Revelation of Peter, and the Acts of Paul.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[13] Birth of the Gospels Origin and birth history The gospels are books about Jesus' teachings, deeds, death and the discovery of an empty tomb.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[16] The gospel books were compiled posthumously on the basis of oral and partly written lineage, not by eyewitnesses.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[17] Mark begins his book with the word gospel, a happy message, meaning it to proclaim Jesus, not books about Jesus.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Paul also wrote his mission to proclaim the gospel, the happy message, the death and resurrection of Jesus.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[18] It was not until the second and third centuries that books about Jesus became established as gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[19] Gospels belonging to the New Testament are: Gospel Matthew Gospel according to Mark Gospel Luke Gospel John The Gospels themselves do not name their authors.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The names of the authors date back to the second century.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[16] The early Church's belief in the resurrection of Jesus significantly shaped oral lineage.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[17] The authors of the gospels, the evangelists, modified the lineage and interpreted it forward, which was common practice in the ancient world.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The authors did not copy the sources directly but made religious interpretations on them.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The gaps left in the texts might have been patched up by the authors” own stories.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The purpose of the authors was not to compile a historical commentary but to narrate and proclaim a message.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[17] Mutual relations and sources The first three gospels — the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke — are called the synoptic, or “looking together” gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Their similarities are so great that they are assumed to have shared sources and are considered to have borrowed text from each other.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In contrast, the Gospel of John differs significantly from these first three gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[20] According to the most common understanding, the Gospel of Mark is the oldest, and Matthew and Luke have used it as their source.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In addition to this, Matthew and Luke have text not found in the Gospel of Mark.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

From this it has been inferred that their use was another common written source besides the Gospel of Mark, which scholars call the Q source.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[20] In addition to these common sources, Matthew and Luke had separate separate material at their disposal.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

For example, the so-called Christmas Gospel is based solely on Luke's own source.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Specific material may come from an oral or written source, or may have been made by the author himself.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[20] The Gospel of John differs both structurally and stylistically from the Synoptic Gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The author of the Gospel of John was a distinctive and independent religious thinker.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In an attempt to form a conception of the historical Jesus, the synoptic gospels have been considered more reliable.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[21] Gospel of Mark The oldest gospel The gospel of Mark is the oldest of the gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The author is not mentioned in it, and the information in question dates back to the second century.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Church Father Eusebios quoted Saint Papias' inscription from about 130 in which he said Mark was Peter's interpreter.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[22] The gospel is usually timed to the fold of the 60—70s.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The work is born on or just after the dawn of the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in 70.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

There is no definite information about the place of writing.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Interest in the Jewish War and the Temple in Jerusalem would point to Palestine or its immediate vicinity.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

On the other hand, erroneous information in geography and Jewish customs places the gospel outside Palestine.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Rome has been claimed by many as the place of writing because lineage has linked the author to Peter.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[22] The style and structure of Mark's language is simple colloquial Greek.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Markus has compiled his information orally and possibly from written lineage.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[23] The Gospel of Mark is the shortest of the canonised gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

It says nothing about Jesus' birth and childhood.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[24] The Gospel of Mark is divided in substance into three parts.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

At first Jesus teaches and performs miracles.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

There is then a conversation with the disciples and the future sufferings are predicted.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Finally, the last days of Jesus and the discovery of an empty tomb are described.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[23] Compared to the other Gospels, Mark does not have such a clear parsing as Matthew, as clear a program as Luke, nor such a strong theology as John.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Mark's presentation is “folksy” and the message is targeted at the reader who already knows the basic knowledge.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[24] Gospel of Matthew “Main Gospel” The Gospel of Matthew served for a long time as the main gospel of the church.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

There were many reasons for this.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The gospel deals with a lot of matters related to the congregation and Jesus is presented as the church teacher.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

In its first centuries in the Western Church, the Roman congregation sought a leading position for itself, and the interest in the Gospel of Matthew in the apostle Peter suited this endeavor.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[25] For a long time, the Gospel of Matthew was considered the oldest gospel in church history until contemporary studies have shown Mark as the oldest gospel.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[22] The Gospel of Matthew does not mention its author and Matthew's name was attached to the book in the second century.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Knowledge came from Church Father Eusebios, who quoted the inscription of the saint Papias.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Based on the quote, the Gospel of Matthew was considered an eyewitness account and thus older than the other gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Subsequent research has revealed this belief to be incorrect, as literary sources such as the Gospel of Mark have been taken advantage of by the author of the Gospel of Matthew.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[25] The Gospel was written between the 80s and the 100th centuries.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The place of writing is considered Syria.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

This is supported by individual mentions in the Gospel, influence on Didakhe and descriptions of Judaism and Christianity that fit especially with the situation of the Congregation of Antioch.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[25] Style and structure The Gospel of Matthew is written in better Greek than the Gospel of Mark.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

It is a well-structured ensemble framed by Jesus' childhood narratives, a sermon on the mountain, and a description of his death and resurrection.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

The author has Jewish roots, from which he draws new and old theology.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[26] The Gospel of Matthew has a historical trajectory from which the situation of the parish of Matthew can be deduced.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Initially, the gospel, the “good message”, is proclaimed only to the Jews, but later the message is also started to be proclaimed to non-Jews, gentiles.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Matthew has added a mention to the text of Mark as his source, by which the kingdom of God is passed from the Jews to all.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[27] It was important for the congregation of Matthew to carry out missionary work among the pagans.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[28] [26] The Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles The civilized and skilled author Luke produced a two-volume work, of which the Gospel of Luke is about Jesus and the Acts of the Apostles on the spreading of the happy message after the gospel.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

Luke was a prolific writer, and more than a quarter of the New Testament texts are his.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

New Testament

[29] Luke is alleged to have written the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.


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The name of the author is not mentioned at any point; instead, the books were attached to Luke in the second century.


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Some also attributed the author to Luke, who is mentioned in Paul's letters.


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[30] Luke, mentioned in Paul's letters, was a doctor by profession.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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In contrast, the author of the Gospel and Acts of the Apostles, all that is known for certain about Luke is that he was a general educated historian and writer.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[30] The doctor writer was hardly based on illness descriptions.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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Similarly, another lineage, that he was Paul's traveling companion, is incompatible with the content of the scriptures.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[29] The style and structure of the gospel Luke pursues a style of history writing.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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He has known at least the Gospel of Mark and the Q source.


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According to popular perception, Luke quotes the Q source more accurately than Matthew does.


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In addition to these, Luke has used his own sources for almost half of the book, some of which is lineage and some from the author's own pen.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[31] Acts — First Church History The Acts of the Apostles is the first representation of church history.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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It is not a historically accurate depiction, but a selective and plotted account of the spread of the Gospel from Jerusalem to Rome.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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These events include, but are not limited to, the establishment and fulfillment of the congregation with the Holy Spirit on the First Pentecost, and the early stages of missionary work performed by the apostles in the territory of the Roman Empire.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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According to the most common understanding, Luke has essentially known about the course of events.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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Instead, the details of the travelogue he has scrambled out of his own pen.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[32] The author of Acts has been considered a traveling companion of Paul because he writes in me format from time to time.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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On the other hand, the author periodically disappears from the stage and continues in he/he form.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[33] The author says nothing about himself or his actions as a travel companion.


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There are no direct signs in Acts that the author personally knew Paul.


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[30] Luke resolves Christianity's attitude to Jewish law differently than Paul.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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This has distorted the image of Paul in Acts.


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According to Luke, the law of Moses still obliges Judeo-Christians.


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[34] This is incompatible with the message of Paul's letters.


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[35] Luke modified the image of Paul for theological and declarative reasons.


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Luke admired Paul and created the image of a siloted, confident and diplomatic man.


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The image differs from the man presented by Paul's letters.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[35] Gospel of John Gospel of Love In the Gospel of John Jesus calls upon his disciples to love each other and calls one disciple dearest.


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In the second century Irenaeus, the Church Father, suggested that Jesus' dearest disciple was John, who would also have written the Gospel.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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This conception lived long in ecclesiastical tradition until it was dismissed as problematic.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[36] In the Gospel, the dearest disciple and John are two different persons.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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Similarly, the depiction of Jesus in the Gospel of John differs considerably from the Synoptic Gospels.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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The author has not been an eyewitness, nor does the other gospels mention Jesus having had a dearest disciple.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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No mention of the dearest disciple as the author is found in the original Gospel of John, but is later attached to the last one, 21.


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Chapter.


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[36] The earliest manuscript of the Gospel of John is timed to 125, but the work had emerged some time before that.


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[36] Style and structure The style of the Gospel of John differs from the Synoptic Gospels.


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It contains long teaching speeches of Jesus, which are intractable in places.


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The Gospel of John is roughly divided into two parts: In chapters 1—12 (the so-called Book of Signs), Jesus performs miracles and makes public speeches.


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In chapters 13—21 (the so-called Book of Glory), Jesus prepares the disciples for their fate, is slain, and finally revelations testify to the resurrection.


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[37] John's sources are harder to identify than those of other gospels.


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There is no consensus among scholars as to whether John was familiar with the Synoptic Gospels or not.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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The Gospel of John contains a number of strata, as the older text has been supplemented and expanded upon by a younger text.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[37] The author of John lives the stage where the Christian movement distances itself from its Jewish roots.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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This is reflected in the fact that in the Gospel Jesus is presented as looking at Judaism as if from the outside.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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Listeners and opponents of Jesus are described by the generalizing concept of Jew.


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The distinction reaches its peak at the point where Jesus claims that God is not the Father of the Jews because they do not believe in the Son.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[38] The strident statements in the Gospel are explained by the situation in the Congregation of John, where detachment from the synagogue has led to conflict and intermediate breach.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[39] The distinctive feature of the Gospel of John is the division into good and evil, or right and wrong.


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This dichotomy culminates in dividing people into those under darkness and God's own.


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Also, the object of faith is deviant.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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In the Synoptic Gospels, faith is directed towards God and the message of Jesus, when, accordingly, in the Gospel of John, the object of faith is Jesus himself.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[39] The epistles of Paul the Apostle and theologian Paul the Apostle Paul was the most prominent scholar of the faith of the first Christian generation.


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He proclaimed the gospel and established congregations for three decades in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire.


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The centers of Paul's activities included Antioch, Ephesus and Corinth.


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He kept in touch with the congregations he founded by letter and through colleagues.


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[40] Paul's letters set the direction for Christianity and its interpretation.


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He distanced himself from Jewish customs, so it was easier for Gentiles to convert to Christianity as well.


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Paul's letters were copied and widely disseminated.


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In the style of the ancient world, this gave many authors the ricochet to draw up so-called pseudepigraphic letters, that is, to write their own text in the name of the more famous Paul.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[40] Thirteen letters have been drawn up in Paul's name, but seven texts are commonly read as genuine letters of Paul: [40] First Epistle to the Thessalonians First Epistle to the Corinthians Second Epistle to the Corinthians Letter to the Galatians Letter to the Romans to the Philippians Epistle to Philemon The epistles of Paul are born by dictating to the scribe.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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They are not religious treatises, they are answers to the day-to-day affairs of the congregation.


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The structure of letters follows a certain pattern.


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First Paul mentions the names of the author or authors, followed by the names of the recipients.


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An initial greeting is followed by a prayer of thanks.


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In the trunk section, we will tell the actual thing.


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Finally, Paul talks about his travel plans and sends greetings to his friends.


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[41] Paul's life stages Paul was born into a Jewish family in Tarsus of Asia Minor.


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He joined the party of the Pharisees and relocated to Jerusalem to study Jewish doctrine.


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Paul rose to prominence among Jews and served as a leader in persecutions of Christian congregations.


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Paul was a Roman citizen, spoke Greek and was influenced by Hellenistic culture.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[40] According to Acts, Paul encountered the resurrected Jesus on his way to Damascus and the view converted him from the persecutor of Christianity to its declarer.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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About three years after his conversion, Paul moved to Antioch, where an early Christian congregation consisting mainly of non-Jews operated.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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Paul was active in Antioch for 14 years.


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In 48, the Congregation of Antioch sent Paul to the so-called Assembly of the Apostles, which debated whether non-Jewish Christians should obey the law of Moses.


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Paul's position on spreading religion among the pagans prevailed.


Question: When was the neotestament written?

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[41] Soon Paul got into quarrels in Antioch and moved to Corinth for a year and a half.