Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

The film has not been released in Finland or Scandinavia.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

Winx Club — The Secret of the Depths (eng.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

Winx Club: Mystery of the Abyss) is a film released in 2014.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

In the story, Bloom and the rest of the Winx attempt to prevent Politea with their Sirenix powers from obtaining the Pearl of the Depths, which she could use to break free from the Infinite Sea.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

The film has been released as a theatrical release, and an English version of the film was released by Netflix.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

In Finland, the film entered theatrical release on 8 May 2015.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

[5] The DVD of the film was released in Finland on 14 August with French, Dutch, English and Finnish dubbing.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

Video Games Winx Club (PC, PS2 & GameBoyAdvance) Winx Club — Quest For a Codex (Nintendo DS) Winx Club — Mission Enchantix (Nintendo DS) Winx Club — Secret Diary (Nintendo DS) Winx Club — Believix In You (Nintendo DS) Winx Club — Saving Alfea (Nintendo DS & Nintendo 3DS) Three the first game was based on the US-based 4Kids versions of the Winx club.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

In addition, a few Russian-language Winx club games have been made in Russia.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What was Iginio Straff's first comic?

Winx Club

* Category:Animated series


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Insecticide, or insecticide, is a substance used to control insects.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Most insecticides in use today are neurotoxins, which, based on the mechanism of action, come in several groups.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

The main groups are organophosphates such as malathion and dimethoate, chlorinated insecticides such as DDT and lindane, and plant derived insecticides or synthetics developed on their basis, such as pyrethrins and pyrethroids, nicotine and neonicotinoids, and rotenoids.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[1] History of the insecticides Jo the papyrus of Ebers circa 1500 BCE.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

mentions substances with which you can fight fleas.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Homer tells him that Odysseus burned sulfur to clean the house.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

In both the Roman Empire and China, substances containing sulfur and arsenic were early used to eradicate insects.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

In the 17th century, arsenic is known to have been used with honey mixed with insect eradication and tobacco as a tactile poison.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Until the 20th century, highly toxic substances were used to eradicate insects, and the methods of use were also dangerous, e.g.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

sinic acid (hydrogen cyanic) and sulfuric carbon were used as fumigants, i.e., volatiles to the air.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

The rapid development of organic insecticides supplanted poisons based on arsenic and other inorganic substances in the mid-20th century.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Swiss Paul Müller already discovered in the 19th century synthesized DDT to be very effective e.g.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

against flies and mosquitoes.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

It was introduced as an insecticide in 1942, and lindane was invented soon after.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Elsewhere in Germany, organophosphates were invented at the end of the 1930s, and were developed into both effective insecticides and fighting gases.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

The first organophosphate used in agriculture was parathion.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Natural pyrethrins from daisie-related plants had been used for centuries as plant extracts, but the active ingredients were isolated in the 20th century and synthetic pyrethroids were developed starting in the 1970s.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Similarly, several neonicotinoids better suited as an insecticide were developed from highly toxic nicotine starting in the 1970s.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[2] Insecticide development objectives Insects have been a big pain both economically and hygienically, with quite dangerous substances used against them in different cultures.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

However, the objective of systematic scientific development has been to find mechanisms of action that would only target insects, but not humans and domestic animals.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Since the key vital signs in different species are pretty similar in principle, finding hasn't been exactly easy.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

The first big promise seemed to be DDT, which is almost non-toxic to humans because it is not absorbed.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

It really was a great step forward and was effective in reducing typhus and mosquito-borne malaria during the Second World War.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

The significance of the invention is demonstrated by the fact that Paul Müller received a Nobel Prize for it.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

However, low immediate toxicity resulted in completely reckless use of the substance.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[3] It caused various ecological disadvantages, from bird deaths and reproductive disturbances to the death of fish chicks to lack of insect nutrition in small streams.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[3] On the other hand, the abandonment of DDT led to a clear increase in deaths from poisoning in the United States as it was replaced by more toxic organophosphates.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Newer organophosphates have achieved a partial toxicity difference between insects and mammals based on the fact that, e.g., malathion is not itself poisonous, but a maloxone that is rapidly formed and slowly degraded from it in insects.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

In humans and other mammals, malaoxone is formed from malathion slowly, and is rapidly degraded, reducing the substance's toxicity to mammals decisively.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[1] Also, newer insecticides such as pyrethroids are quite non-toxic to humans Organophosphates The poison effect of organophosphates is based on the fact that they inhibit in the nervous system and muscles the acetylcholinesterase enzyme that cleaves acetylcholine.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

This, on the other hand, is a neurotransmitter of the nervous system that is released from the nerve ending to receptors on the surface of the next nerve cell or receptors in the neuromuscular junction.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

If acetylcholine does not break down normally, an overexcitation of the nerve or muscle follows, which is visible among others.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

as convulsions, increased salivation and many symptoms of the central and autonomic nervous system.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

High doses cause death as a result of respiratory depression, mucus secretion and asphyxiation caused by bronchial constriction.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[1] Substances are easily absorbed from the skin and also through the chitin shell of insects and are therefore effective insecticides.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Organophosphates are currently in Finland mainly in professional use.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Dimethoate, malathion and organophosphates with similarly active carbamate methiocarb are most used.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[1] Chlorinated insecticides under the great enthusiasm caused by DDT were synthesized beginning in the 1940s a number of chlorinated insecticides including methoxychlorine, lindane, chlordane, endrin, aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

With the exception of Lindane, they never became common in Finland.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Methoxychlorine and DDT are quite non-toxic to mammals, but other chlorinated insecticides are quite or very toxic.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

In addition, they are all fat-soluble and highly persistent, which is why they accumulate in environmental organisms along with the so-called dietary pyramid.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Along with dietary fats, they are also absorbed by a person.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Therefore, since the 1970s, efforts have been made to get rid of them and most have been banned (see


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

hereinafter).


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

DDT is in use in malaria control in some tropical countries and lindane is in limited use.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

In Finland, concentrations in the environment and in humans today are extremely low.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[1] Pyrethrins and pyrethroids Pyrethrins are a mixture of natural poisons found in plants of the chrysanthemum genus.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

They have been used for centuries as insecticides extracted from plants, but they have two problems.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Pyrethrins are quite sensitizing substances, and therefore cause allergic reactions, rashes and asthma.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Secondly, they decompose very quickly under the influence of sunlight.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Therefore, efforts have been made to develop substances that are less allergenic and more resistant to nature, such as:


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Through the human skin, substances are poorly absorbed and quickly digested in the body, so toxicity is minimal and are not accumulative.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

They are quite expensive, due to which professional use is less and are more commonly used as insecticides for homes and hobby gardens.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

They are also used to combat parasites such as lice.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[1] The pyrethrin mixture is also allowed in organic farming.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Nicotine and neonicotinoids Nicotine has previously been used mostly in greenhouses as an insecticide, but it is very troublesome and toxic in use due to its high volatility and short effect, and easily causes worker poisoning.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Therefore, use has pretty much ceased in industrialized countries.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Efforts have been made to develop chemically synthesized wires starting in the 1970s with the goal of lower toxicity to humans and a longer period of action.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

These neonicotinoids include e.g.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

imidacloprid, nitenpyram and acetamiprid.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

They are used in e.g.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

for pickling rapeseed seeds, so that insects do not eat plants as soon as their seedlings rise to the surface of the earth.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Their human toxicity is considered low and, for example, suicide attempts have a low mortality rate.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[2] Recently, they have been claimed to have caused bee deaths, and in some circumstances harms have been shown e.g.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

with bumblebees.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[4] As regards the poor success of honeybees in recent years, the proportion of neonicotinoids has so far not been established.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

But the wider question is whether the same mistake as with DDT is made, meaning the substances are used recklessly, with the harms outweighing the benefits.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

[5] Rotenoids A little-known natural poison group in Finland is rotenoids derived from Derris elliptica and its related plants.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Rotenoids have been used not only as insecticides, but also among others.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

for fishing in small ponds, as they are very toxic to fish and paralyzed fish can be picked up from the surface of the water.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Insect control agents Toxaphene (1969) [6] Endrin (1969) [6] Aldrin and dieldrin (1972) [6] Chlordane (1972, 1994 as wood preservation chemical) [6] DDT (1976) [6] Heptachlorine (1996) [6] Mirex (2002, never used in Finland) [6] Chlordecone (2007, no never used in Finland) [6] Lindane (2007, restrictions starting in 1971) [6] Several substances in Finland were out or about to be used before the ban.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Sources Costa LG, Toxic effects of pesticides, in the book CD Klaassen (ed.)


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Casarett & Doull's Toxicology, 8th p., ss.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

933-959, McGrawhill 2013.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

ISBN 978-0-07-176923-5.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

School M, Mervaala E, Tuomisto J, Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8. p., Kustannus Oy Medicina 2012.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

ISBN 978-951-97316-4-3.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Tuomisto J. 100 questions about the environment and health.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Chapter: If insects die once, what happens to me?


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

p. 92-94.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Kustannus Oy Duodecim, Helsinki 2005.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

ISBN 951-656-221-3.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

In English also online: Haapanen A., Mikkola P., Tenovuo R.: Nature and Nature Conservation.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

Otava.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

1977, p. 351.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

ISBN 951-1-04400-1.


Question: What are chlorinated insecticides?

Insecticide

References On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a U.S. state.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

It joined the federation as the 30th state on May 29, 1848.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The state's name is an English variant of the French translation of the word in the Native American tribe language, which roughly translates to “the place where we live”.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[1] Geography Wisconsin borders Michigan to the north, Illinois to the south, and Iowa and Minnesota to the west.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Part of the boundaries are formed by the Mississippi and St.Croix rivers, and Lake Michigan to the east.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[2] The state capital is Madison and the largest city is Milwaukee.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The state's great lakes include the Michigan, Superior and Winnebago and the rivers of Wisconsin, Mississippi, St.Croix and Chippewa.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[2] The warmest month of the year is July, when the average highest temperature in Milwaukee is about 27degrees.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The average lowest is −9.1degrees Celsius at its coldest January.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[3] At one time, more than 80% of the state was forest, the rest prairie and marsh area.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Later, much of the forest was cleared for farmland or to make way for settlement, but after reforestation the forest now occupies about 40% of the area.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Deciduous tree species include maple, birch, oak, aspen, elm, and ash.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Conifers include strobus pine, American red pine, banksin pine, hemlock, balsamic fir, black spruce, and Canada larch.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[4] Important population centers in Milwaukee (approximately 599000 inhabitants in 2012) [5] Madison (240000) Green Bay (105000) Kenosha (100000) Racine (78000) Appleton (73000) Eau Claire (67000) Oshkosh (67000) History Before Europeans Native American tribes that lived in the area such as Chippewas, menominees, oneidas, potwatomies and Ho Chunk were allowed to live in peace until the late 1880s.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

European Jean Nicolet visited Lake Michigan as early as 1634.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

France recorded the area for itself in 1672.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

It passed to Britain in 1763 and to become part of the United States in 1783.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[6] There is a lot of political tension associated with the history of the state of Wisconsin.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The area has an abundant Nordic immigrant and working population, but also a Peri-American agricultural population.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Known for communist persecution, Senator Joseph McCarthy held office in Wisconsin.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Lately, the state has been very balanced in presidential elections, and lately Democrats have taken the electorate seats with a very small difference.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Administration of Wisconsin's legislative power is exercised by the bicameral state parliament.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The upper house, or senate, has 33 members; the lower house, or assembly of representatives, has 99 members.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[7] The supremest executive power is exercised by the governor.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Since 2011, the governor has been Scott Walker.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[8] The state is divided into 72 districts.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[9] Wisconsin abandoned capital punishment altogether in 1853.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

It was the first state where the death penalty wasn't possible even for treason.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[10] Economy Wisconsin's gross domestic product in 2010 was USD 238 billion, making it the 21st largest economy in the United States.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[11] Wisconsin agriculture focuses on dairy products.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Corn is grown in the fields, most of which goes into forage.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The main industry is the engineering industry.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The most notable extractives are sand and gravel, which are used in construction.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[12] Wisconsin's largest employers in 2013 were insurance company Country Financial, University of Wisconisn-Madison, and Menard's construction and renovation supply store.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[13] The number one reactor at Point Beach Nuclear Power Plant from 1970 is one of the oldest reactors still in use in the United States.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The majority of electricity generation in the state is based on coal, in 2011 renewable energy forms covered 8% of it.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[14] There are a total of 43 airports in Wisconsin.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[15] Of the twelve ports, the largest are Ashland, Green Bay and Milwaukee.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[16] Population Of Wisconsin's 5.7million residents, 88.2% are white.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The proportion is higher than the US average.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[17] [18] Finnish-born migrants have settled in the northernmost districts of the state near Upper Lake.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Since the Vietnam War, Laotian refugees, advanking Hmongs, have settled in the state.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The majority of African-Americans in the state live in Milwauksee, where they account for a third of the population.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[4] The University System of Wisconsin operates in several localities.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Its best part has been rated by the University of Wisconsin, Madison.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[19] In 2013, it was ranked 19th in the Shanghai rankings.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[20] Culture and Sports Milwaukee is the center of cultural life.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

A symphony orchestra, opera and ballet operate there.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

The Milwaukee Museum of Art was founded 1957.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[4] Popular television series Days of Happiness and 70's Show are set in Wisconsin.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Wisconsinites who became known in the cultural sphere include film director Orson Welles, writer Laura Ingalls Wilder, architect Frank Lloyd Wright and painter Georgia O'Keeffe.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

[4] The Green Bay Packers play American football in the NFL, Milwaukee Brewers baseball in the major league, and Milwaukee Bucks basketball in the NBA.


Question: What is the capital of Wisconsin?

Wisconsin

Sources On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company (short for FoMoCo) is an American automobile manufacturer founded in 1903 by Henry Ford in Detroit.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Ford has factories of its own independent design work in addition to the United States in Britain (founded 1911), Germany (founded 1925), Australia (founded 1925), Brazil (founded 1925) and Turkey.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company brands include Lincoln in addition to Ford.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Ford owns a minority stake in Mazda.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In 2008, Ford produced 5.532 million cars and employed approximately 213,000 people in 90 factories worldwide.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

2009 Ford produced 4.817 million cars.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Ford had an operating profit of $2.7 billion in 2009.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

The group's assets are estimated to be around $200 billion.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

History Ford's European operations headquarters is located in Cologne, Germany.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In March 2008, Ford sold British-based Jaguar and Land Rover to Indian company Tata Motors for US$2.3 billion.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In 2010, Ford sold Swedish Volvo to Chinese company Geely.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In the mid-1990s, Ford made a profit selling big S.U.V."s.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

On the 21st century side, the company mired in financial difficulties.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

It made a loss of $12.7 billion in 2006 and 2.7 billion in 2007.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Under Alan Mulally, Ford avoided the bankruptcy that faced its rivals General Motors and Chrysler in 2009.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In 2011, the company had revenues of $136264 million and operating profit of $20213 million.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[1] The company was ranked ninth on the 2012 Fortune 500 list.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[2] Ford in Finland The first Ford car came to Finland in 1904.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

The car was sold by G.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

F. Stockmann and was purchased by assistant priest Walter Lampen, for whom the salesman also acquired a chauffeur.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

This was the only car dealership made by Stockmann for years, since the business did not return to car imports until 1912.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[3] In 1911, the brothers Aleksander, Fritiof and Tor Nyberg, who were emigrants in the United States, received Ford's representation to Finland from Ford's representative in Paris.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

The following year the brothers started their sales operations in Helsinki and their first batch of sales comprised three Ford T cars.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Until the outbreak of the First World War, Fords were sold in Finland through eight dealers across the country, around one hundred copies.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[4] The reconstruction of Ford's sales network in Finland began in 1919, when a Ford car assembly plant was established in Copenhagen for Scandinavian countries and Ford Motor Company agents began to look for dealers in Finland.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In the same year, Oy Argos Ab obtained exclusive rights to sell Fordson tractors in Finland.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In 1921, Ford Motor Company entered into an import agreement with Korpivaara & Halla Ltd.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

However, the two sides soon found themselves in disagreements over the marketing of the cars and the agreement unraveled in 1924.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company then leased factory and branch facilities in Hernesaari, Helsinki, where an assembly plant was also planned.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In 1926, Ford Motor Company of Finland Oy, a subsidiary under the main company, was founded, which was the first automobile factory subsidiary established in Finland.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

The company's name was changed in 1937 to Oy Ford AB.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Before the outbreak of World War II, imports of Ford cars began, along with the United States, also from Britain.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[5] During the 1920s and 1930s, Ford of Finland was also subordinated to Ford car sales and service operations in Estonia.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Oy Ford Ab was listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange in 1938.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[6] In 1939 Ford was the most common passenger car brand in Finland with more than a quarter (26.7%) of registered cars.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[7] By the same year, more than 5000 Fordson tractors had been imported into Finland.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[6] After the Winter War, all Ford operations were evacuated to Vaasa, from where they returned to Helsinki in the summer of 1940.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

In order to ease the emergency situation caused by the war, 4400 Ford trucks were ordered from the United States; however, only during the intermediate peace period.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

During the Continuation War, new trucks damaged and made as spoils of war were assembled in Hernesaari, Helsinki, for use by the armed forces.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[6] Immediately after the Second World War, Fordson Sussex and Thames lorries with right-hand drive were imported from Britain in 1945—1948, with large motor vehicle loans issued by the Ford Motor Company.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[8] In the postwar years, Ford cars began to be imported from then West Germany as well.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[9] In 1946—1947 Oy Ford Ab set aside a total of 15 million marks for the promotion, teaching and research of motor transport and agricultural mechanization, and in 1947 the Henry Ford Foundation was established, providing grants to students in the field of technology and agricultural colleges and for agricultural and transport research projects.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[10] In 1946, President J. K. Paasikivi received the Lincoln V-12, the finest car in its collection, as a gift from Ford Motor Company.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[11] In the decades following the wars, Ford cars have been imported into Finland from the Group's factories in the United States, Britain, Germany, Belgium, France and Brazil.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Until the 1960s, Fords produced in each country were cars so different in nature that they could have been classed each as their own brand.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

At the end of 1969, Finland had more than 73000 British and more than 24000 German Fords on the register.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[12] The most popular passenger car models from the 1960s to the 1980s were the Anglia, Cortina, Taunus, Escort, Capri, Fiesta and Sierra.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[10] The port of importing Ford cars was moved from congested Helsinki to Hanko in 1963 [13], but due to Hanko's traffically-cumbersome location, imports were moved to a new free port built in Turku in 1969.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[14] Fords manufactured in the United States were actively marketed in Finland until 1967, after which they have been imported mainly by special order.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[15] Oy Ford AB's net sales in 1982 amounted to Marks 813.9 million.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[16] At the end of 1988, 170,791 Ford passenger cars were registered in Finland and was the third most common passenger car brand after Nissan and Toyota.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Fords then made up just under ten per cent of Finland's total passenger car fleet (1795908 pieces).


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[17] Administration Jorma Ollila was on Ford's board from 2000 to 2008 as was Vodafone board chairman John Bond.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

[18] Models Models, Europe Ford B-Max Ford C-Max Ford Fiesta Ford Focus Ford Galaxy Ford Ka+ Ford Mondeo Ford Ranger Ford S-Max Ford Transit Ford Transit Connect Ford Transit Courier Ford Transit Courier Ford Transit Custom Ford Kuga Ford Mustang Ford Fiesta Van Ford Tourneo Ford Tourneo Custom Ford Tourneo Connect Ford Tourneo Courier Ford EcoSport Trucks, Europe Ford Rhein/Ruhr/FK (Ford Cologne) Ford Thames Trader Ford D Series Ford Cargo Ford Transcontinental Ford StreetKA 2004 Ford Focus 2004 Ford Mondeo Discontinued Models, Europe Ford 12M Ford 15M Ford 17M Ford 20M Ford 26M Ford Anglia Ford Capri Ford Comete Ford Consul Ford Consul Capri Ford Consul Cortina Ford Cortina Ford Cortina Ford Cougar Ford Courier Ford Cwt Van Ford De Luxe Ford Econovan Ford Eifel Ford Eight Ford Escort Ford Granada Ford Model Y Ford Orion Ford Pilot Ford Popular Ford Prefect Ford Probe Ford Puma Ford Rheinland Ford RS200 Ford Taunus Ford Thames Ford Scorpio Ford Sierra Ford StreetKa Ford Ten Ford Vedette Ford Vendôme Ford Zephyr Ford Zodiac 1996 Ford Escort RS Ford Scorpio Limousine Ford Sierra Sapphire Current Models, United States Ford Fiesta Ford Focus Ford Fusion (USA) Ford Taurus Ford Mustang Ford GT Ford EcoSport Ford Escape Ford Explorer Ford Expedition Ford C-Max Ford Transit Ford F-150 Ford Super Duty Ford E-Series Ford F-650 2018 Ford Expedition.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

2017 Ford F-150.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

2009 Ford Taurus.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Discontinued models, United States Ford 300 Ford Bronco Ford Bronco II Ford Custom Ford Crestline Ford Elite Ford Escort Ford Five Hundred Ford Focus (USA) Ford Freestyle Ford Galaxie Ford GT40 Ford Falcon Ford Fairlane Ford LTD Ford Mainline Ford Ford Model A Ford Model C Ford Model F Ford Model F Ford Model F Ford Model N Ford Model N Ford Model R Ford Model S Ford Model T Ford Ford Ranchero Ford Skyliner Ford Sunliner Ford Taurus X Ford Tempo Ford Thunderbird Ford Torino Ford Parklane Ford Pinto Ford Probe Ford Quadricycle Ford V8 Ford Victoria Ford Windstar Ford ZX 2 1921 Ford Model T roadster 1931 Ford Model A coupe 1932 Ford Deuce Coupe Hot Rod 1955 Ford Fairlane Victoria 1961 Ford Galaxie Sunliner 1965 Ford GT40 1973 Ford Pinto Pangra Ford Gran Torino Models, Australia Fairlane Falcon LTD Territory Models, Brazil P100 EcoSport Fiesta Ka Models, South Africa Figo Models, India Figo Ikon Models, China Ford Escort (2015) Tractors Ford Motor Company has also manufactured tractors.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Sources Literature Rahunen, E.: Oy Ford Ab 50 years 1926—1976.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Features of the history of Ford—Finland.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Huddersfield in 1976.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

On the subject elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was the Ford Mustang started to be manufactured?

Ford Motor Company

(in Finnish) Category:United States Companies * Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

The Kaaba (, IPA: [Ælˈkæb]; also the designations Baytu l-ʿArām, 'consecrated house' or Baytu l-'Atīq 'ancient house' are used) is a building in Mecca, the holiest site in the Islamic world.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[1] A mosque, Masjid al-Haram, has been built around the Kaaba and this entity is the object of the annual pilgrimage of Muslims.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Muslim people perform their prayers all over the world towards the Kaaba.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[1] Basically all mosques in the world are constructed with their central axis pointing towards it, although different times and also in different traditions different ways of determining this direction, qibla, have been followed.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

One of the five basic pillars of the doctrine of Islam is the pilgrimage, or hajj.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Every Muslim who has the opportunity to do so should make a pilgrimage to the Kaaba of Mecca once in his life.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Each year, about three million Muslims from all over the world perform the hajj to the Kaaba.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[2] [3] Non-Muslims are not allowed into the holy cities of Mecca and Medina and are therefore not allowed to enter the Kaaba.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

The ban was issued by the Prophet Muhammad after the conquest of the city in 630.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Building Kaaba is roughly cube-shaped (its name signifies a cube in Arabic), about 15 metres high and just over ten feet (about 10x14 m) at its sides, a rustic, windowless stone building.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

It is constructed of grey granite and marble quarried near Mecca.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

For most of the year, the exterior of the kaaba is clad in a large black cloth (kiswah) embroidered with golden threads verses from the Qur'an.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[1] At least sometimes during the main pilgrimage, or hajj, a white countercloth has been turned out from beneath the black cloth, which resembles the white outfit of the pilgrims and emphasizes entering the consecrated space.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

At the end of the hajj, a new black kiswah is put in place.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

The cladding of the kaaba is already inherited from the pre-Islamist period, but the change of cover is believed to have been invented in the time of Caliph Umar, when the Kaaba came close to collapsing from the weight of too many kiswah.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[4] The only door of the Kaaba is on the north-east wall.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Attached to its eastern corner is now a black stone held together by a silver frame, which, according to the traditional view, dates from the days of Adam, originated in paradise.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[1] The black rock in origin is possibly a meteorite.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

An alternative possibility has been suggested that this is material glazed by the meteorite collision that hit Rub' al-Khali in Saudi Arabia from the Wabar (Al-Hadida) meteor crater.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[5] Pilgrimage involves touring the temple seven times and kissing or touching the black stone if possible.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Pointing a stone is also considered acceptable, as nearly everyone practically does not physically reach (have time) to touch the stone at the prescribed time.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

The stone is black, but according to the story it was originally whiter than milk when it came out of paradise, but turned black due to the sins of the pilgrims who kissed it.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[1] The interior of the Kaaba has a marble floor.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

The lower half of the interior walls is upholstered in marble and stone tablets with verses from the Quran.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

The upper half is upholstered in green cloth, on which the Koranic phrases are also embroidered with gold thread.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

From the ceiling hangs lamps, and in one corner there is a small table for incense containers.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

History of the Kaaba According to the Qur'an, the Kaaba was built by Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ishmael.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Academics say this is not historically plausible.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Mecca is believed to have been a religious centre long ago.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

In Muhammad's time, the Kaaba was a place of worship for several different tribal deities and was ruled by Muhammad's own tribe, the Kureishi.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Every year, Bedouins and residents of other Arab cities made a combined pilgrimage and trade trip to Mecca, which underlies the current Islamic pilgrimage tradition.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Muhammad was exiled from Mecca to Medina by the Kureishi.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Returning as a conqueror in 630, he ordered the Kaaba to be purged of heathen figures and all signs of polydeity.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Some have also interpreted the Qur'an as that only the foundations of the Kaaba were left in this context, a new shrine was built to replace the earlier one.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Since then, the Kaaba has been a focal point for Islam.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[1] The Kaaba has been destroyed or violated several times since the times of Muhammad.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

In 930, a Shiite extremist sect took away the black stone of the Kaaba and held it for 20 years for ransom.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[1] The Kaaba has reportedly been restored and rebuilt twelve times, most recently in 1996.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Cleaning up the Kaaba The kaaba is opened twice a year for ceremonial cleaning: fifteen days before the start of Ramadan and fifteen days before the pilgrimage.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Cleaning up the Kaaba is a very high honorary task, attended by senior honoured guests from all over the world, led by the Governor of Mecca.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Cleaners sweep the floor of the Kaaba with simple brooms.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

However, according to one source, the ceremonial Kaaba washing dates to the period after the month of pilgrimage (Dhuŭl-Hijja), when religious clerks and pilgrims are attended.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

[1] Kaaba with its surroundings in 1880.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Kaaba in a work published in 1910.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Kaaba with surroundings 2010.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Only some of the pilgrims can fit inside the shrine at the same time.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Sources On topic elsewhere (islamopas.com) (peda.net),, Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

(islamweb.net) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the Kaaba?

Kaaba

(irfi.org) Category:Islam Category:Mecca Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The accordion is a co-designation for portable free-leaf keyboard instruments with a keystone or keyboard finger and bellows.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] It is also known by many nicknames such as accordion, hanuri, chisel, chisel, curt, poor's organ, wrinkle, drag game and devil's lung.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[2] The accordion evolved from a simple “raffish” instrument of the mid-19th century, first into a diverse instrument of popular music, and finally to an accepted instrument for more serious art music in just over a hundred years.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

At the same time, the popularity and use of the musical instrument has spread from its origins in Central Europe, Italy and Russia worldwide.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Operating Principle General Accordion is a complex mechanical device whose sound is formed in freely vibrating free-leaf strings [1].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Several models use more than one set of languages, which can then be aligned as one or more sounds.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The use of audio multiplies is varied with register switches [3].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Otherwise, the accordion consists, roughly speaking, of three basic parts, which are the bellows, treble side and bass side [1].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Languages, sound narratives and registers Sound is generated in freely oscillating free-leaf languages.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The steel strings are attached to a tongue slab made of aluminum, on opposite sides over precisely matched tongue openings to the dimensions of the tongue.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] The openings are closed by a leather valve attached to one side.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Each tongue slab, in turn, is attached either by screwing or using beeswax over the sound chamber in the tongue bench.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The bellows produces air into the sound holes and the air causes the tongue to vibrate.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] The tongue plates are attached to the tongue benches where the tongues and tongue openings are set in the correct position with respect to the valve flaps opened by the contact.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Press of the contact, via a lever mechanism, opens the valve flap and discharges air through the tongue opening to those strings when applied to the bellows.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] In similarly voiced accordions, both languages of the same tongue plate have the same tone level, when pressing the keyboard, the same sound appears, regardless of the direction of use of the bellows, whereas in alternating instruments, a different sound can be heard from the same key depending on whether pulled or pushed Bellows.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In many models, multiple strings can be played at the same time from one key, which differ in octave or chord.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Registers using parentheses, known as coplars, are used to connect the desired series of strings, i.e. sound multiplies.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] In larger models, registers are used on both the treble and bass sides [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The 8-foot base tone multiplier rings from a height spelled as their name suggests, a 4-foot piccolo sound multiplier plays an 8-foot base tonal an octave upper, and a 16-foot lower tone multiple an octave lower.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In a cassotto accordion, a 16-foot soundfold and another 8-footer playing from base height sound through the cassotto chamber, giving a soft tone to those sounds, and the other two sonicones, piccolo and another base tone, ring directly.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[5] [4] The sound layers ringing from base height may have been deliberately tuned to slightly different frequencies, thus seeking a slight wobble to the sound.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

For the tuning of an authentic musette accordion (especially used in French chanson music), up to three 8-foot tongue benches and sound recaps are required, the middle of which is tuned cleanly, one slightly over and one slightly undertone to produce a broadly wobbly, the tone of voice characteristic of the musical style in question.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Bellow Accordion bellow is made of manilla cardboard, and the bellows corners are usually reinforced with corner irons [6] [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The bellows normally has 16—19 folds [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The sound of the accordion is generated by bellow-pulling and pushing, while pressing the accordion's contacts, allowing air to be diverted through opening valve flaps to the tongue openings and on to the strings.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] The bellows also controls the intensity of the sound and also introduces dynamics to the playing.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The bellow technique has been compared in several sources to the breathing technique of singers and the string technique of violinists [2].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The use of bellows is challenging: it both limits and creates opportunities.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[3] Bellows play a big role in phrasing, and a commonly used special effect, sequin molo, is produced by rapid small reciprocating bellows movements [1].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Treble side The treble side of an accordion is most commonly played with the right hand, and may have either piano or key contacts.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The piano keyboard with its white and black keyboards is similar to those used in piano and other keyboard instruments.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Accordions with key contacts can be single-, two-row or multi-row (most commonly five-row).


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Piano accordions and multi-line key accordions are usually chromatic, meaning they have 12 tunes for each octave.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

On single- and double-line accordions, as well as some other key accordions, only a specific diatonic scale can be played, for example tunes in C major, that is, only 7 tunes per octave.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Apparently the most common type of accordion circulated around the world is the diatonic key accordion, of a kind manufactured around the world.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Different cultures have their own specific versions, whose tuning compositions, sound field and keyboard structure vary depending on the music played on them.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

There are about 40—55 different types of diatonic accordion.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Even in Finland, the treble finger of the single line accordion most commonly used in Finland has ten contacts tuned to the major scale.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

When pushing the bellow, the 1st, 3rd and 5th tone of the scale is obtained, when pulling the others.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The two-row accordion is connected by two single-row rows, which are most often at a quart distance from each other.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In Finnish instruments, the outer row is most commonly G major tuned, the inner row is C major tuned.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] Especially texmex and conjunto musicians can even have three-line diatonic key accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Chromatic key and piano accordions are usually of the same tone, that is, the key gives the same tone both by pulling and pushing the sequins [1].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In multi-line chromatic key accordions, the treble finger is formed by three basic lines formed by overlapping small terses, with the base rows half a pitch apart.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Four- and five-line accordions have a doubled one or two basic lines, which therefore do not increase the instrument's vocal range, but help with fingering design.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

For example, with a five-line key accordion, all compositions can basically be played with the same fingering.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] The organization of the keyboard and the mutual order of the rows varies in different countries according to four different main types.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Mainly in Finland, a finger system based on the Italian C system is used, with C in the middle row.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] This method, also called the G system, is hardly used outside Finland [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the C system mostly used in Italy, Sweden and North America, the C string of keys has received its own sidebar outermost, so that the row contained in the D language is located in the middle and thus remains without a sidebar.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[7] Ottar E. Akre, on the other hand, calls the Swedish system a variant of the C system, with the H, D and F keys in the outer row. [8].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the B system, also known as the “Russian” [7] or “Norwegian system” [8] [7], the C key, like the G system, is in the middle row, but the other two basic rows have changed places.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The B system is most used in Germany and Russia, among others.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

As the fourth main type, the so-called “reverse” B system is still known, which, however, is not very widely distributed.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Occasionally, other types of key systems have also been tried, even combining diatonic and chromatic contacts, but these have remained rarities.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The best known, for example, is the version developed by John Reuther based on Paul von Janko's piano keyboard.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] At most, an accordion can have a sound area of about seven octaves when different layers of sound are introduced, but the scope of the keyfinger itself is about five octaves maximum. [1].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In piano accordion, on the other hand, the treble side keyboard is arranged to resemble a piano keyboard [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The treble side of a full-size, multi-line accordion normally accommodates more keyboard than a piano accordion.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The scope of the keyboard on the treble side of the piano accordion is about 3½ octaves [1] or 45 keyboards [4] at its widest.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The piano accordion is most played in the United States, Britain, Eastern Europe [1] and China [9].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Bass Side The bass side of single- and double-row key accordions normally has few basic bass tones and chords.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

For example, the bass side of a single-line accordion most often has only two keys, one basic and one chord bass, yielding a degree I chord when pushed and drawn a V degree chord.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Double-row ones have two types of system, flat bass and cross bass.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The level bass has 4 basic bass keys and 4 chord keys, and the chord range normally covers I, V, IV, II, VI and the V degree chords of the parallel minor.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In double-row double-row basses with similarly voiced cross-bass, the basic and chord basses are arranged in a manner resembling the standard bass system.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] The bass side of multi-line and piano accordions may normally be arranged according to the so-called standard or melody bass system.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the Standard Bass System, or Stradella, most typically, the two rows of bass keyboards closest to the sequins are for playing low base bass tones.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The four outer lines, in turn, are chord bass lines.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The third line facing the bellows consists of major chords by different composers, the fourth line of minor chords, the fifth line of septimized chords, and the sixth line of reduced chords, making the basic bass sound of that composer at the same horizontal height from the bellows in the second line.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Basic basses are mainly used to accentuate the bottom tone and terse of the chord in the accompaniment, and when pressing the base bass key, several tunes of the same name are usually played in different octave disciplines.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The chord bass key, on the other hand, opens up the relevant chord with the help of flaps attached to the key arm, usually three vocal chambers from the top two sound multiplies [1].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Since the player does not normally see the bass side, the basic bass tones Ab, C and E in the second row looking from the bellows are usually marked, for example, by a small plastic bead or burrow, so that they stand out to the fingers of the left hand with a tactile sense.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The melody bass system is required for playing polyphonic and atonal music, since standard bass mostly supports only the accompaniment of tonal melodies.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] In the melody bass system, the bass side sounds are arranged as a mirror image of the treble keyboard of a multi-line keystroke accordion, also in piano accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Depending on the mechanics, the standard and melody bass system can also be built on the same accordion, in which case the desired system is selected for use using a special toggle switch.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Also in melody bass accordion, the two bellow-side, innermost, bass lines are normally similar to the basic bass lines of a standard bass system.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

So-called Combi or Manual III melody basses have three lines of melody in addition to the standard bass lines.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

There are usually five language benches on the standard bass side, while on the melody bass side there may be eight or nine language benches.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The sound area of the melody bass side can be up to about five octaves.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] History Early stages The development of the accordion into its present form has been the sum of many free-leaf instrument constructions developed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[10] The basic idea is believed to be based on the Chinese mouth-organ, the world's first free-leaf instrument, which spread to Europe after the 17th century.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[11] Johann Wilde, with his performances, made the mouth-organ popular among St. Petersburg high society in the mid-1740s, inspiring the development of free-leaf instruments from the 1770s to the 1790s, contributing to the direction of instruments resembling accordion and harmony.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[12] [10] According to Henry Doktorsky, scientist and physicist Christian Kratzenstein had heard Wilde's mouth-organ playing in St. Petersburg, and he developed a device inspired by it for his research on the artificial production of speech in 1770.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The device produced five vowel sounds resembling speech sounds.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[10] The principle of linking free leaf language with organ whistles, invented during development, was also in use in organ building for a long time.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The free-leaf languages used in the instrument also differed from the Chinese mouth-organ in their structural and acoustic characteristics [13].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Kratzenstein's aid in the experiment was Czech organ builder Franz Kirsnik [13], who developed the idea forward by adding a keyboard to the right hand and a bellows used on the left hand to the free leaf strings.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The instrument became known as Kirsnik's harmonica.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[10] Other sources, on the other hand, report that the Chinese oral organ would not have had any connection with the building principles of free leaf languages developed by Kratzenstein and Kirsnik and subsequently circulated in Europe, very significantly different from those used in oral organs. due to structural and acoustic differences.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In any case, it was the structure of free-leaf languages that they developed that became the basis of the languages used in harmonicas, concertinas and accordions, since languages no longer needed large-format tubes or other resonant auxiliary structures to produce sound; instead, sound was created even in significantly smaller structures.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[13] In some sources, one possible preform of the accordion is also considered a medieval portative [14], that is, the stump organ, in which the player used a keyboard with his right hand and a wedge sequin attached to the back wall of the instrument with his left hand.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[15] Numerous sources mention German Christian Buschmann as having developed and patented the Handaeolic instrument considered to be the actual precursor of the first accordion in 1822.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Widely distributed throughout the world, this information draws on a book published in Germany by Buschmann's own descendant Heinrich Buschmann in 1938 and published by Hohner.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

However, no particularly reliable documentation nor example pieces have been left for posterity on that precursor of the accordion.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[16] In any case, Buschmann's handaeoline must have been a rather simple structure consisting of 15 free-leaf languages, where the air was blown into the tongues initially at the mouth and later by the bellows.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Handaeoline was designed as an aid to organ tuning.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[10] Anton Reinlein obtained a patent in 1824 in Vienna for a free-leaf instrument apparently used with bellows as an improvement on the “Chinese-type harmonica”.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[16] Cyril Demian of Viennese received a patent on 23 May 1829 for a diatonic accordion which he developed with five keyboards, and he developed further forms of the instrument as well.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The musical instrument developed by Demian is preserved in the Vienna Technical Museum.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The instrument had two bellow-powered harmonicas operated on keyboards.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Pieces intended to be pressed with the left hand produced chords, hence the name accordion derived.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[10] Concertina and its relatives Sir Charles Wheatstone developed a concertina much influenced by the development of accordion languages in England after the mid-1820s and regarded as a preform of the melody bass accordion.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Originally Wheatstone called the instrument he developed as the symphonium [16] in 1825.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

It had 12 buttons for each hand, and the caller blew air into it himself with his mouth.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Wheatstone added a bellows to the Symphonium in 1827 and later began calling the instrument a concertina.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Early images of the concertina are in the Symphonium's patent application from 1829, but the actual concertina was patented by Wheatstone only in 1844. After developing it considerably forward [10] German instrument builder Carl Friedrich Uhlig, in turn, developed the Conzertina Demian in the 1830s on the basis of accordion and apparently completely independent of Wheatstone [17].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

By the time it entered the 1850s, the concertina had gained great popularity in high society and art music was composed for it.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The concertina's “artistic pinnacle” is considered to be the works of the German Bernhard Molique (1802—1869), for example Six Characteristic Pieces op. 61 for concertina and piano.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

However, the popularity of the concertina faded in finery circles towards the end of the century as the piano developed as an instrument.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[5] However, particularly on the basis of the German concertina version, the bandoneon continued to develop, which achieved significant status in Argentine tango music in the 20th century and the art music that developed on its basis.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[18] Early Diatonic Accordions The commercial manufacture and sale of other early versions of the accordion began to spread rapidly from the 1830s onwards.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

To avoid patent problems, manufacturers market their musical instruments under different names, such as handharmonika.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[19] In 1834, Demian developed the accordion with his sons, such that the treble side expanded to double line with chromatic “auxiliary notes”, and a chromatic bass line was added to the left hand as well.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

New instrument versions developed from Demian's accordion began to gain a foothold in different parts of the world.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

As early as 1830, Charles Buffet copied Demian's instruments in Belgium and J.-B.-N.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Fourneux and M. Busson, meanwhile, in Paris.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

These versions had 10—12 treble keyboards and two bass keys in a rosewood case.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] In 1833, the German C. W. Meisel brought an accordion made by W. Thien in Vienna, which he had found in the Braunschweig market, to Klingenthal.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

A few years later, Charles Messner, in turn, began manufacturing harmonicas in Trossingen, and from that the accordion making in the locality began to develop.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[20] In 1838, the Austrian Matthäus Bauer invented a language bench with several individual free-leaf chambers.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The chambers were open on one side and could be closed by a flap at the end of the contact arm.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] To the United States, the first diatonic accordions spread in the 1840s and to Japan in the 1850s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] Early days of chromatic accordions The first chromatic key accordion was made by the Viennese musician Franz Walther in 1850.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The instrument initially had 46 treble keyboards (later 52) arranged in three rows.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The pitch of each line was at a distance of a small terse from each other, and each line was half a pitch away from the other line.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The bass side initially had eight (later 12) diatonic pieces, with basic bass tones produced on the side and two-tone chords on the rest.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Along with the chromatic key accordion, the piano accordion also emerged in the mid-19th century in France and Austria.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Philippe Joseph Bouton of France is reported to have patented a piano keyboard accordion in Paris as early as 1852 [21].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Other sources suggest that the triangular octave accordion with piano keyboards would have been first built by Matthäus Bauer in Vienna in 1854, while a Parisian accordion builder named M. Busson, in turn, would have presented his own version in 1855 [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Around the same time, the mode of playing the accordion also began to become established, in which the treble keyboards are pressed with the right hand and the bass keys with the left, while moving the sequin linearly with the left hand.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Germany and Italy at the forefront of development and production from the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century In 1862, there were already 20 different accordion manufacturers in Klingenthal in Germany alone [20].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In Italy, Paolo Soprani began building initially diatonic key accordions in the city of Castelfidardo in the 1860s, which later developed into one of the global centres of industrial accordion production.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Other important centres of accordion production and development were Stradella in Lombardy and Vercelli in Piedmont.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Mariano Dallapè began accordion making at Stradella in 1876, developing Bouton's piano accordion forward.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In Vercelli, meanwhile, Mattia Berardi and the Ranco family business developed key accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[22] In 1880, Tessio Jovani already built piano accordions with 64 bass side keys (basic and chord basses in total) at Stradella.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Dallapè's company built de luxe piano accordions in 1890, which already had three octaves worth of treble tones and 112 bass keys.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[21] In the early 20th century, the standard bass system provided accompaniment possibilities in all musical genres.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] The standard bass system, together with the development of the multi-line key accordion and piano accordion, diversified the accordion as an entertainment instrument.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

However, the accordion was mostly a musical instrument of folk and simple dance music, and the standard bass system limited musical possibilities.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The idea of a melody bass accordion was first put forward by Rosario Spadaro in Catania, Sicily, 1890 [22].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

According to other sources, the first chromatic melody bass accordions were developed in early 20th century France [5].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Various technical versions and finger stroke systems developed from melody bass accordions, and began to become more common towards the end of the 1950s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In addition to the standard bass system, some versions separately featured three lines of melody bass as a mirror image of the three basic lines of the treble side.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Soon accordion models began to become common, in which a separate toggle switch was able to switch the melody bass to a standard bass system using the same keyboards.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[23] The Russian accordion industry from garmonic to bajan in Russia the development of the accordion continued beginning in the 1830s, when Ivan Sizov acquired a handmade early accordion from the Nizhny Novgorod market and decided to establish his own accordion workshop.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Development occurred relatively separately from Western Europe [4].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the 1840s, Timofei Vorontsov established the country's first accordion factory in Tula, producing up to 10000 instruments per year.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The accordion developed into an integral part of Russian folk culture.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[24] The first instruments of the Tula accordion factory were single-line; one line for each hand.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

They resembled, in a way, extremely small concertinas and charmed the audience with their loud and sharp voice.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The musical anti of the instruments remained modest.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

A distinctive feature of the Saratovian garmonica, developed on the basis of Tula accordions, was the small bells attached to the instrument, which gave it a characteristic timbre.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

These, too, achieved considerable popularity.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Development of the instrument continued further in Vjatka, where accordion makers increased the sound area for both hands.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Soon the instrument was also developed into peculiar shapes, which could have bellows up to two metres long, into which the player could even wrap (!).


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The next step in development were the two-row accordions adopted from Europe, which, in accordance with their paragons, were still diatonic.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Early Russian accordion types are now rarities and are no longer widely used.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[24] Instrument builder Nikolai Beloborodov began building the first Russian three-row chromatic key accordions in Tula in the 1870s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[12] Today, the most high standard and internationally highly respected type of Russian accordion is the so-called Bajan accordion, which is named after the famous Russian poetry singer Bojan [24].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

For a long time, the trajectory of the instrument was almost completely isolated from the development of Western key accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] The Bajan name accordion can be found in posters and notices from 1891, until which time the accordion had mostly been referred to in Russia as harmonika (in Russian texts the spelling is' garmonika ', since there is no word-starting h in Russian).


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The first chromatic Bajan accordions were developed by instrument builder Pyotr Sterligov.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The instrument reached its highly developed form quickly, in just ten years 1905—1915.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The latest models of the period are still used as a paragon of factory production.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The instrument was made famous especially by accordion virtuoso Jakov Orlanski-Titarenko.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[24] Bajan accordions differ somewhat from Western key accordions in both timbre and structure.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[12] The instrument was developed forward after World War II in particular by the Moscow Experimental Instrument Laboratory, where instruments of very high quality, if large size and heavy, were produced.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Later Russian Bajan developers have also collaborated with Western accordion makers such as the Italian company Pigini, developing high standard melody bass concert accordions onwards.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] Development of accordion music With the technical development of the accordion, the instrument began to be adopted more and more widely around the world from the middle of the 19th century, especially in folk and dance music.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the United States, diatonic accordions were used in churches of the African-American population because it was an inexpensive instrument.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The instrument was used a lot in minstrel show performances as well.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] TexMex music, in which the accordion plays a significant part, began to develop in Texas and the northern parts of Mexico after the 1890s with the introduction of accordions by German emigrants [25].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The diatonic accordion also rose to importance in Irish folk music.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] Japan's first diatonic accordion sheet music, Tekuk's dokukeiko, was published in 1894.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

It included the national anthem and 20 popular tunes of the Meiji period.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] The first accordion discs are considered to be wax cylinder records recorded by the Scottish company Peter Wyper in 1903 [21].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Wyper's instrument was a 21-key double-line diatonic accordion called a melodeon</i>.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

What was special was that he recorded on multiple recording devices at once because he didn't know how to mass-produce recordings in any other way.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[26] American John Kimmel recorded the first commercial accordion recordings containing simple dance music in New York around 1904—1906 [26], including the 1906 American Cake Walk [21] recorded for the Edison label.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In particular, the popularity of piano accordion and accordion music began to rise in the United States with the immense vaudeville success of the Italian-American Deiro brothers (Guido Deiro and Pietro Deiro) in the 1910s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Through them, piano accordion models made in Italy also gained a foothold in the United States.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Prior to that, mostly one-, two- or three-row diatonic key accordions had been used in the United States, ordered from Sears Roebuck's mail-order catalog.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[21] Depending on sources, either Guido or Pietro Deiro is considered the first professional piano accordion player in the United States [27].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The first of the brothers to achieve considerable publicity in 1910, Guido was also the first-ever piano accordion player to perform on radio, which occurred via 8MK, the first commercial radio station in the United States, between 1921 and June 1922 [21].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Deiro brothers and (who played the key accordion) Pietro Frosini developed accordion music into significantly more diverse, even virtuosic, entertainment music.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[21] However, the bass side was still clearly used as merely accompanying, rhythmic.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Their works spread to the use of accordion players around the world.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[5] In addition to the international influences created by the Deiro brothers and Frosin, accordion music rose to popularity in different countries thanks to local musicians.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

For example, Carl Jularbo, mentioned as Sweden's “accordion king” [28], toured Sweden and Norway with concertos since 1900 and recorded 1577 gramophone records.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

He was the most popular musician of his time in his country [29], although his note reading skills were lacking.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[30] French musette-accordion music is considered to have originated in 1905 when French cabaret frontman Antoine Bouscatel hired accordion player Charles Pégur as a permanent member of his orchestra.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[31] In the United States of Louisiana, on the other hand, C- and D-tuned diatonic accordions rose to great popularity and prominence in the development of the characteristic musical style of the Cajun population in the 1920s [19].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Popular among the people, accordion music met decades of opposition from the “high culture”.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

As early as 1843, Frederic Chopin wrote of the concertina: “After I had played... a kind of accordion (the so-called consertina) was presented.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

One Scotch lady used it to perform some of the most horrible songs... It seems like every one of those women was completely insane.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

What strange people?


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

God help them!” For his part, Hector Berlioz took a more positive view, as he felt the sound of the instrument blended well with, among others, the harp and piano.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[5] In Sweden in the early twentieth century, composer Hugo Alfvén urged “to trample the accordions to pieces” [29].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In Germany, the history of concert accordion music began in 1922, when Paul Hindemith, at the initiative of instrument maker Ernst Hohner, incorporated the accordion into the chamber music composition in his work Kammermusik no.1.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Composer Hugo Herrmann composed seven small caractar pieces in 1927, Sieben neue Spielmusiken, which was the first concert music solo piece for accordion.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Hohner founded the Harmonika-Fachschule Educational Institute in Trossingen, of which Herrmann was appointed director.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Due to its high level staff, the study ahjo gained fame and attracted students of the instrument, who became high-profile concert accordion artists.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Opinahjo also promoted the technical level of Hohner accordions in particular, and the factory rose to the top guard in technical progress.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Hohner began in 1931 to publish music and educational materials for all types of accordions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In 1945, German concert accordion compositions were already mostly polyphonic, and the first melody bass works began to appear in the 1950s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Less and less concert music was composed for standard bass.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[4] In the Soviet Union, the Bajan accordion already achieved a significant position in concert and art music in the beginning of the 20th century, along with folk music.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

As the first conservatory, accordion music began to be taught by the Kiev Conservatory in 1927, and in 1937 composers Rubtsov and Sotnikov composed two concertos for the Bajan almost simultaneously.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[12] According to Norsk pop- og rock lexicon, Norwegian Toralf Tollefsen was the first accordion artist to concert as soloist with a symphony orchestra in March 1947 at London's Albert Hall.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[32] According to the Great Musical Encyclopedia, Finland Viljo Vesterinen had already performed as a soloist with the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra in 1944 [33], before which the American Anthony Galla-Rini had already premiered the Accordio Concerto in G Minor together with with the Oklahoma City University Symphony Orchestra on November 15, 1941.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[34] Founded in 1935 and re-revived after World War II in 1948, the International Accordion Union began holding prestigious international Coupe Mondiale competitions each year, which contributed to the spread of high-level accordion music.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[35] The artistic level and variety of accordion music in the Western world began to develop as melody bass accordions began to be developed technically from the early 1950s onwards and the instrument began to be taught in music colleges and colleges in the 1960s [5].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the Nordic countries, the pioneer of higher education in concert accordion was Danish Mogens Ellegaard.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

After seeing Davide Anzaghi playing a melody bass accordion in 1952 at the Bachia Coupe Mondiale Competition in Holland, he realised that the instrument would have a future in art music only as a polyphonic instrument [36].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

After gaining access to a melody bass accordion, he began calling his instrument accordeon</i>(as a distinction from the Danish folksy trekkspill, or drag game title).


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

His collaborations with Danish, Swedish and Norwegian front-row contemporary composers produced more than a hundred concert accordion compositions, which he premiered diligently.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The accordion was accepted as an instrument by the Royal Danish Conservatory of Music conducted by Ellegaard in 1970, first for the pedagogical line and, from 1977, also for the soloist line.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

He immediately and systematically began to train new musical instrument pedagogues.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Ellegaard's pupils included many of the then prominent frontline accordion pedagogues in their own countries, such as Matti Rantanen, Owen Murray, Jon Faukstad, Geir Draugsvoll and James Crabb.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Ellegaard's name is also associated with the emergence of accordion classes, among others, at the Sibelius Academy, the Norwegian State College of Music and the University of Music and Theatre Graz.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[37] In Russia, the largest Bajan models began in the 1960s, like Western melody bass accordions, to be equipped with a melody bass switcher in addition to the basic chord bass system.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Many of the country's prominent composers of contemporary art music, such as Sofia Gubaidulina and Vladislav Zoloannov, began composing art music dedicated to it.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Soviet concert accordion piers participated in international competitions from 1966 onwards, almost invariably clutching the top positions.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[12] Due to the possibilities of the melody bass accordion, concert music began in the 1970s to distance itself from the duuri-mollitonality in different parts of the world.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The playing patterns of the left hand took on a new meaning in the tone works, and the left-hand technique of concert accordion players was greatly improved.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Around the same time, the accordion's college education as an art instrument gained a foothold.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[5] By the 1980s and especially entering the 1990s, the instrument had established itself and several qualified instrument pedagogues began to exist in many countries.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[38] Today, the accordion plays in addition to traditional folk and entertainment music all kinds of music, including art music, contemporary music, jazz and even metal music.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Accordion studies in many countries can progress all the way up to a senior academic final degree.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

China as the great power of accordion playing today is probably the most practiced in China [39].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In 1996, the country was estimated to have more than 300000 registered accordion students [40].


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The first diatonic accordions arrived in China from Japan, where two Chinese intellectuals, Ye Zhongleng and Zheng Zhang Ziying, had become acquainted with the instrument in their quarters in the early 20th century.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

They published at almost the same time two Chinese-language accordion textbooks: Ye in 1906 (Shoufengqing jiaokeshu) and Zheng 1908 (Shoufengqing duxi).


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Despite their attempts to make the accordion part of the country's music education system the public opinion climate in the country in the 1920s did little to appreciate the instrument.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

For example, renowned music writer Feng Zikai characterized the accordion in his 1925 musical encyclopedia as an “uncivilized musical toy”.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] The first piano accordions arrived in China in the 1930s from Germany and Japan.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The popularity of accordion began to grow, especially in the Shanghai area, and in 1930 the country's first accordion club was founded in the city.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the 1930s and 1940s, the accordion was much used in conjunction with the harmonica in ballrooms and theaters.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Beginning in the late 1940s, the instrument gained a prominent position in dance and song groups spreading Communist Party political propaganda around the country.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

It was easy to carry the instrument with you to political events behind even demanding staples.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Production of the first Chinese piano accordions began in the 1950s mostly for domestic needs in some state instrument factories.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Textbooks on piano accordion also began to be published.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] Sponsored by the Chinese Musicians' Union, a meeting of the country's accordion players was held in the early 1960s, in connection with which, among other things, the Beijing Accordion Union as well as the Musicians' Union's own accordion orchestra was established.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

In the context of the Cultural Revolution, the development of the accordion as a high-level concert instrument stalled, but accordion players were sent in large numbers to villages and countryside — once again to spread political propaganda.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

This contributed especially to the wide spread of the piano accordion in the country.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

With the advent of the 1980s, electronic instruments began to replace the accordion as a musical instrument for vocal and dance groups, and its popularity began to decline.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] The Chinese were introduced to key accordions in the 1940s through Russian Bajan players who concerted in the country.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Russians gave accordion playing lessons and performed, among other things, in restaurants.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

Although the popularity of key accordions did not reach anywhere near the level of the piano accordion, as early as the 1950s, there was at least one key faucet player in the People's Army Orchestra who had learned his skills from the Russians.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Shanghai accordion factory began manufacturing key accordions in the 1970s.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] Melodiabass accordions came to China in the 1980s, when Wang Yuping, principal of the Tianjin Conservatory, had been present at a concert given by a Japanese melody bass accordion player in the city and first heard the instrument.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Tianjin accordion factory produced its first melody bass accordion in 1985, and some time later 13 to 15 more instruments.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Tianjin Conservatory was the first to introduce the instrument into its training programs, and it is considered to be the highest-standard study gift of accordion playing in the country.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

The Shanghai Conservatory began training the melody bass accordion in the fall of 2003 and the Beijing Central Conservatory in spring 2004.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[9] The accordion has finally gained a solid foothold in the country that has donated free-leaf languages to the world.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

History of the accordion in Finland The first single- and double-row accordions to Finland came from both the East and West in the mid-19th century, and quickly became popular folk instruments.


Question: When was the accordion invented?

Accordion

[1] The Danish-born Martin Paul is considered to be Finland's first professional concerting accordion artist, who concerted and taught in Finland diligently from 1879 until his death in 1893.