Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In both the DSM-5 classification of diseases and ICD-11, the term developmental language disorder has replaced the term linguistic specific difficulty [4] [5].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

However, the definition differs from that of the Catalise panel and corresponds to the symptom of linguistic specific difficulty, since in order to obtain a diagnosis, a child must have a distinction between linguistic and non-linguistic performance.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

This raises the risk of interfering with terms and their definitions.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

It is therefore hoped that in future the titles and definitions of different entities should follow the same line.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The Catalise panel discussed the use of the disturbance word when talking about linguistic problems in children and concluded that the disturbance word is mediated by the serious nature and potential consequences of persistent linguistic deficits.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The word disorder is also used in neurological diseases and is also in use in diagnostic frameworks such as DSM5 and ICD-11 [1].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

If the child has milder and transient difficulties, linguistic difficulties may be a more appropriate term.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Types of Linguistic Difficulties Developmental language disorder can affect several areas of language.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The degree of disorder in different aspects of language may vary from child to child [6].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Attempts have been made to define different subtypes, but no clear categories have been developed [7].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The Catalise panel's recommendation was that clear areas of the disorder should be assessed and documented in each child, while acknowledging that different children may have different combinations of problems.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Areas of language where difficulties may occur include: Grammar — Grammar is the ability to combine units of meaning of words together (morphology) and words into grammatically correct sentences (syntax).


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Examples of morphology include inflecting verbs by adding grammatical endings [8] or the use of prefs and suffixes.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

There can also be challenges in understanding the sentence.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The child may have difficulty understanding the changes caused by word order (for example, what is blue in the sentence “the pen on the shoe is blue”) [9].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The child may also have a tendency to use general knowledge to elucidate meaning rather than linguistic cues [10].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The child may also have problems interpreting grammatical symbols of plural or tense forms. [11].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Semantics — Semantics refers to the ability to understand the meaning of words and express meaning by connecting words with each other.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Children with developmental language impairment often have a limited vocabulary and may only have a limited range of words with relatively common meaning [12].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Word Finding — In the difficulty of finding a word, a child can know a word but cannot access it [13].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The phenomenon is often described by saying “It's right on the tongue, but I can't think of it right now”.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Pragmatics — Pragmatics is the ability to choose a message that fits the context or interpret others' messages in context.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In pragmatic difficulties, the content of the language does not fit into the environment or social context; understanding may be too literal; the child may waffle without pausing or cannot take turns in conversation and do not stay on topic [14].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Discourse — Discourse is the level of language higher than a sentence.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In difficulties with discourse, a child may have limited capacity to tell a story or describe events in a logical order [15].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Hearing Memory and Learning — Difficulties in remembering words and phrases can make learning new vocabulary difficult [16] and understanding long or complex sentences [17].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Phonology — Phonology deals with the combination of phonemes in words.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

It is difficult for a child suffering from phonology problems to distinguish certain speech phonemes.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

For example, /t/ and /k/ can mix, allowing the word 'coat' to become 'poop'.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Such difficulty is typical in a young child, but usually disappears at the age of 4—5 [18].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Speech intelligibility suffers if some speech phonemes are not able to produce accurately [19].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Furthermore, a lack of phonological awareness, i.e. the inability to recognize phonemes in words, can lead to difficulty reading [20].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Developmental Language Disorder and Speech Motor Disorders Speech is the production of phonemes and can be disturbed for a variety of reasons.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

There may be an underlying structural problem, for example a cleft lip or palate, a neurological problem affecting motor control of speech (dysarthria), or difficulty distinguishing between phonemes due to hearing impairment.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Vocal errors are typical in young children.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

These disorders of articulation should not be confused with linguistic difficulties, where the problem lies in the ability to select and combine linguistic elements to convey meaning and the ability to understand meaning.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Speech disorders can be distinguished from language disorders, but they can also occur together [20].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

When a child is unable to produce distinctively distinctive phonemes for no clear reason, this is typically considered to be a linguistic difficulty affecting the ability to learn phonological contrasts.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The classification and terminology used for problems with the output of speech phonemes have sparked lively debate [21].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In practice, it is often difficult to distinguish between phonological disorders and speech production disorders.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Disruption of speech production due to unknown cause without other linguistic problems is a fairly common reason for speech therapy [22].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

These problems are usually resolved at 4—5 years of age in speech therapy [23] and thus do not meet the criteria for developmental language disorder.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

If difficulties persist beyond the age of five, they are often accompanied by wider linguistic difficulties and have a worse prognosis [24].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In this case, it is appropriate to talk about a developmental language disorder that focuses on speech production.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Developmental language disorder and other neurological disorders Developmental language impairment often occurs with milder neurological disorders of unknown cause, such as ADHD, developmental reading difficulty i.e. dyslexia or developmental coordination disorder [3].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

These do not prevent the diagnosis of developmental language disorder, but should be noted as comorbidities.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Risk Factors Developmental language disorder has a strong genetic background [25].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The most reliable research on the issue has been done using the twin study method.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Twin children share the same home background, but their linguistic abilities can differ considerably.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

This is especially the case with non-identical twins, as they have different genes.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Identical twins share the same genes and they tend to be more like each other in their linguistic abilities than non-identical twins.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The symptom picture of developmental language disorder may vary in severity and persistence even in identical twins, suggesting that non-genetic factors also contribute to the disorder.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

However, it is rare that one of the identical twins would have a developmental language disorder and the other's language would typically develop [26].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

There was great enthusiasm when a mutated FOXP2 gene was found in members of a genus with developmental language disorder [27].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

However, studies found that although developmental language disorder is heritable, it is not caused by a mutation in the FOXP2 gene or other genes [28].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Current research data concludes that many different genes can influence language acquisition, and that developmental language disorder is the result of an accumulation of adverse risk factors, although the impact of a single factor may be very small [25].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

However, the study of the function pattern of the FOXP2 gene has helped identify other common genetic variants in the same neural networks that may contribute to developmental language disorder [29].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Linguistic difficulties have a connection to several factors in the home environment.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

It is often assumed that this is a causal connection where poor linguistic stimulus results in poor linguistic skills.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

However, studies of twins have shown that in the same home environment, two children may have very different linguistic skills.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Other explanatory factors for the connection between home environment and linguistic skills must therefore be sought.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Individuals with a diagnosis of developmental language disorder as a child often fall low [30] and their children may be at genetic risk for language difficulties [2].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

One known non-genetic factor potentially adversely affecting language development is status as the youngest of a large flock of siblings [31].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Associated Factors It has long been known that developmental language disorder occurs 3—4 times more in boys than in girls [32].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

However, the gender difference is not so clear in epidemiological data, which may indicate that girls have the same problems but remain undetected [33].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The cause of the gender difference in developmental language disorder is not yet known.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Developmental language disorder is often accompanied by poor motor skills [34].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Developmental language disorder does not usually show up in brain scans as clear abnormalities, although quantitative comparisons have found differences in brain size and white to grey matter ratios in certain brain regions [35].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In some cases, unusual brain folds have been observed [36].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

To date, no clear neural hallmark for developmental language disorder has been found, although some studies have identified the complicity of subcortical systems [37].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Cerebral differences in developmental language disorder and typical development are subtle and may overlap with atypicities seen in other neurological diseases [38].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Diagnosis Developmental language disorder is defined only based on the symptom picture, there is no biological testing.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Developmental language disorder is diagnosed if the following three criteria are met [1]: The child has linguistic difficulties that complicate everyday communication or learning A child's linguistic difficulties are less likely to disappear after the age of fifth Linguistic difficulties are not related to known neurological conditions or conditions such as cerebral palsy, degenerative neurological diseases, genetic diseases, chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, sensorineural hearing failure, autism spectrum disorder, or intellectual developmental impairment.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

For research and epidemiological reasons, precise limits have been used to document the first criterion in language assessment.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Tomblin et al. [39] proposed the Episli criterion consisting of five strands: the three areas of language (vocabulary, grammar, narrative) and two modalities (comprehension, production).


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

If the child's result is in the bottom 10% in two or more areas, he has linguistic difficulty.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Another criterion, persistence of language problems, can be difficult to detect in a young child.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Longitudinal studies have shown that problems are more easily mitigated in children whose problems are limited to language production rather than comprehension [1].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In addition, if a child has difficulty in only one of the above areas of the language, his progress is usually better than if there are problems with the language in more areas [24].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The third criterion is that developmental language disorder is not related to another neurological condition, such as genetic syndrome, sensorineural hearing loss, neurological disease, autism spectrum disorder, or intellectual developmental impairment, which were defined by the Catalise panel as differential diagnoses [1].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The linguistic difficulties associated with these premises must be assessed and appropriate intervention should be provided.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Terminologically, they are distinguished from developmental language disorder so that, for example, in the context of autism spectrum, the diagnosis would be 'linguistic difficulty associated with the autism spectrum. '


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

On the background of differentiation of diagnoses more: Bishop (2017) [40].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Assessment Usually concerns arise for either parents, counseling or day care staff about the child's language, speech or interaction skills.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In this case, it is worth contacting a speech therapist of your own municipality.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Occasionally, a referral from a doctor or health nurse is required to reach a speech therapist's assessment.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The first step is to contact your own health center, where you will be able to advise on how to get to the speech therapist's assessment.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Those children whose difficulties seem long-term, extensive or difficult need more detailed examination than what can be done at a health center.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Because of this, the speech therapist of the health center can refer the family for further examination to specialized medical care.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The evaluation in specialized health care is carried out in Finland by a multiprofessional team including at least a doctor with knowledge of the linguistic difficulties of children, (for example, a phoniatrist), a psychologist or a neuropsychologist and a speech therapist [41].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The team may also include an occupational therapist, social worker, special education teacher in early childhood education, physiotherapist or rehabilitation counselor.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Diagnosis is given through the cooperation of a multiprofessional team [41].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Evaluation by a speech therapist in both primary care health centers and specialty care typically includes at least an interview with the child's guardian, observation of the child in an unstructured environment and standardized language tests [42].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Also, hearing should be examined.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Speech therapists also often use free-form assessment methods, such as speech samples, as complements to actual testing to provide a picture of a child's language in a more natural context.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

A speech sample may be, for example, a conversation or a retelling of a narrative.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Assessment methods that can be implemented by a parent or teacher may be useful in identifying children who need more detailed examination and in assessing the child's performance in everyday communication situations.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

PRIMROSE — The first mapping of child pre-linguistic communication and language is intended for assessing and monitoring pre-linguistic communication and early language development in children between 6 and 24 months [43].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

It is used in many places, for example, in consultations.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC—2) is a questionnaire completed by a parent about the use of everyday language for children over 4 years of age with sentence speech [44].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Rehabilitation The main form of rehabilitation for developmental language disorder is speech therapy [41].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Speech therapy should only be administered by a speech therapist who is a health professional legalized by Valvira.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Speech therapists are trained at the University of Helsinki, Oulu, Turku and Tampere and at Åbo Akademi.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Speech therapists use a wide range of therapy techniques to support a child's linguistic skills [45].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

For young children, speech therapy is often indirect.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In indirect therapy, the speech therapist directs other people, in this case the parents of the child, to support the child's skills in everyday life using various therapy techniques.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The method is used in particular with children aged 2 to 4 years and their parents [46] [47].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Parental guidance has been found to be influential in supporting speech yield as well as comprehension.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Usually with children and adolescents around three years of age and older, the speech therapist also works on an individual basis.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Individual speech therapy can target strengthening skills or compensating for deficiencies in any of the above areas of language: grammar, semantics, word discovery, pragmatics, discourse, auditory memory, or phonology.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The methods of strengthening grammar with young children of the moment include therapy techniques based on natural interaction.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In them, the intervention is nudged into natural moments of communication, where the therapist sets out to build the exercise on the child's expressions rather than dictating what to talk about.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

With older children, interventions may be more explicit: the child is told what areas of language to practice and explain what rules and structures the child is learning, often through visual support [48] [49].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Rehabilitation has shifted from grammar and phonology-centered towards practicing social language use, often as group work in small groups where there may be both typically developing and language-impaired children of the same age [50].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In school-age children, the teacher participates in the intervention either in collaboration with a speech therapist or as the main implementer of the intervention.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Evidence of the benefits of collaborative intervention is growing [51].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

School-age people also benefit from individualized speech therapy rehabilitation [52] [53].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Tallal and his partners propose a radically different approach in which computer-based intervention, FastForWord, provides the language and auditory processing areas with sustained and intensive training [54].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The theory behind FastForword software is based on the idea that linguistic problems are caused by the failure of subtle auditory separation, resulting in computer-aided training ko.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

skill can be improved.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

However, a systematic review of studies on FastForWord found no significant benefit in the use of the method in relation to the control group [55] and therefore the method should not be used to rehabilitate linguistic difficulties.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Rehabilitation methods based on the same theoretical idea should also be treated critically, as so far there are no research results that brushing of hearing or listening to modified auditory material has a transfer effect on linguistic skills.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In the field of logopedics, or the science behind speech therapy, randomized controlled trials are rare, making it difficult to assess the clinical effectiveness of trials.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

A child's language tends to improve with time and without controlled studies, it can be difficult to know what part of the observed change is due to a particular rehabilitation.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

However, research data is that direct speech therapist intervention can be effective in improving vocabulary and expressive language [56].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The rehabilitation of speech comprehension has been less studied [57], but positive results from speech therapy for speech comprehension have also been found [46] [58] [59] [52].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

The Finnish Review on Speech Therapeutic Rehabilitation for Linguistic Specific Difficulty in Children examines the issue broadly and presents research-based good speech therapy practices to support the clinical work of speech therapists [60].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Forecast Longitudinal studies show that language delay in 4-year-olds without other risk factors disappears in approximately 40% of children by age 5 [24].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Children with significant linguistic difficulties at age 5 typically have difficulty reading, including those who receive expert advice [61].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Their educational attainment also typically falls low [62].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Final linguistic skills are poor most commonly among individuals who have difficulties in both understanding and producing speech [63].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

There are also research findings that nonverbal ability test scores decrease with age in children with developmental language disorder [64].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Language and cognition development therefore appear to be closely linked and influenced by each other.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Developmental language disorder is associated with an increased risk of social, emotional and mental health problems [65].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

In a UK study, 64% of children aged 11 with developmental language disorder exceeded the clinical threshold in a survey of psychiatric problems, and 36% of children experienced regular bullying, compared to 12% of the typically developed control group [66].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Longitudinal studies show that individuals who were diagnosed with developmental language disorder as children and difficulties in speech comprehension experienced higher than normal unemployment rates in adulthood, more social isolation and psychiatric disorders [67].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Children whose problems were less severe and who did not need special education had more favourable development [68].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

There are also protective factors that may be in preventing the realisation of risks associated with long-term linguistic difficulties.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Such a protective factor may be, for example, the child's sociability [69].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Research There has been a lot of research into why learning a language is difficult for some children [70].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Theories are divided into those that the cause of difficulties lies in auditory temporal processing [71] and those that the problem is a deficiency in a specialized system of language acquisition [72] [73].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Some theories place emphasis on the shortcomings of learning and memory [74] [75].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

It has also been suggested that developmental language disorder occurs only if more than one latent factor is present [76].


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

See also Dysphasia Specific difficulty in reading Language disorders and multilingualism Speech therapy Speech therapist site on speech disability, communication and plain language The English Developmental Language Disorder — wikipedia article is based on the text.


Question: How can a developmental language disorder be cured?

Developmental language disorder

Sources Category:Neurological Diseases Category:Mental Illnesses


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

A vinyl record is a wafer made of polyvinyl chloride, on which sound in analog form is recorded.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Audio can be recorded on both sides of the vinyl record.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Mechanical sound information is on the surface of the disc in a spiral-shaped narrow groove and can be played on a turntable whose needle follows the shape of the groove.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The grooves make the needle vibrate, which makes a faint sound heard in the human ear.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Newer vinyl records tend to be stereophonic, but in the early days records were monophonic.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

In stereo discs, the left and right channels are engraved on different sides of the groove, and the audio box has separate sensors for differential movements of the needle.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Designations LP disc (engl.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

long playing [1], long playing album) and EP disc denote certain types of vinyl records.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The LP disc was developed by Peter Goldmark for the Columbia company in 1948 [2].


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Prior to that, 78 rpm rotating shellac plates, or clay wafers, were used.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The LP disc spins at 33⅓ revolutions per minute and one side can hold about 20 minutes of high-quality sound.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

During the 1970s and 1980s, most recordings were released side-by-side as LP discs and C cassettes.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

HiFi Turntables In magnetic audio boxes available in HiFi turntables, the needle is attached to a magnet with windings around it.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

A moving magnet induces a weak electric current into the windings, which is then amplified in the amplifier and fed to the speakers.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The magnetic audio box requires an RIAA corrector (Recording Industry Association of America) to act as an equalizer.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The phono input tells you that the amplifier has a built-in RIAA converter.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

RIAA converters are also available as stand-alone, allowing the use of a standard Line/Aux In input.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Colored and picture plates Vinyl records are usually black, but colored and transparent discs have also been produced.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

In the late 1970s, picture discs in which a photograph or other image was squeezed inside transparent vinyl became common.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Image LPs are usually sold in transparent and pliable plastic covers as a distinction from conventional decks, which may even open.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Sometimes rarely picture LPs are sold in regular covers, but usually this is reflected in the price of the disc.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Flex plates As attachments to magazines have received thin 7" plates pressed from flexible plastic.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Popularity of vinyl record Vinyl records were the most common form of selling music for decades until in the late 1980s digital CDs began to become more common.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

However, vinyl records have throughout enjoyed popularity in some circles, for example in underground rock and hip-hop and machine music especially in DJ use.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

In recent years, vinyl has seen some growth in popularity following a trail of collapse and, for example, some department stores have taken vinyl records into their ranges again.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

From smaller specialty record stores, vinyls have always been getting.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Likewise, vinyl records can be found in the music department of libraries and can also usually be borrowed.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Some of the new records by international artists are still released on vinyl.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Many Finnish artists' records have been released in vinyl format in the 2000s, although the volumes have been very small, usually only 500 to 1000 copies.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

At the same time, prices for used vinyl have risen markedly in stores buying and selling records since the late 1990s.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Many collectors prefer vinyls because of the better cover art and nostalgic sound quality [3].


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Durability The vinyl record wears when playing and is more prone than a CD to scratches affecting sound quality.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The player adjustments affect the wear of the disc.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Also, static electricity in the disc causes audible interference in the sound.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The vinyl sheet is additionally sensitive to deflection in heat or under weight, so it should be stored at room temperature in an upright position.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

In the stack, it is not worth storing them, since the plate is thicker in the center than at the edges.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Fitness Rating When selling vinyl records, the condition of the record is usually assessed according to the established fitness rating.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

It assesses how worn, broken or entangled the plate and its cover are.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The rating is common in the evaluation of vinyl records, as even small scratches can affect the sound of the album, but on the other hand, the record can be playable even with even more spectacular marks.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Vinyl records, compared to CDs, are sensitive to scratch.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

However, fitness classification is also sometimes used for CDs, as well as books or magazines, for example.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

The plate and cover are usually evaluated separately, e.g. EX-/VG+.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

M or MINT: the disc is new or unplayed EX or EXCELLENT: the disc is used but in good condition and has no rumbling or clicks VG or VERY GOOD: the disc is much played or has a few scratches or a bit of rumbling G i.e. GOOD: the disc has big scratches or strong rumbling, but it still rings through POOR: the disc is unplayable In addition, the evaluation is used to help - and + characters, for example, M- is a new but once listened record.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

[4] Disc Types Long Play (Long Play, LP, Album) Disc Size 12 Inches Rotation Speed 33 1/3 RPM Typically 20—30 minutes of sound on each side, for a longer time the sound quality suffers from 10—15 minute long disc halves LP is sometimes called mini- LPs Single (single) Disc size usually 7 inches, but there are also rare 5-inch singles Rotating speed 45 rpm Practically one song (“single”) on each side Jukebox-enabled singles usually require a player around the center pin adapter (supplied with most musical instruments) Extended Play (EP) Disc size usually 7, 10 or 12 inches Rotation speed 33 1/3 or 45 revolutions per minute More than one song on each side, usually two Maxi Single (max single) Disc size usually 12 inches With a rotation rate of 33 1/3 or 45 revolutions per minute with 1-3 tracks on each side, DJ-enabled often only one Shaped (a “seven-street” cut to a specific shape) Usually a 7-inch disc, playing space up to 5 inches.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

10 and 12-inch shaped discs also exist.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Disks of other sizes also exist, but they are very rare.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Sources On topic elsewhere Chris Kornelis:.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

LA Weekly January 27, 2015.


Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

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Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

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Question: How are vinyl records made?

Vinyl record

Category:Recording media Category:Audio technology Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The Simpsons () is an Emmy Award-winning television animated series created by Matt Groening and produced by Gracie Films, about the lives of an American family of five.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The rights to the series are owned by 20th Century Fox, and the first episode of the series aired in 1989.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The Simpsons is the longest-running continuously running cartoon series and situation comedy ever in the United States.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[1] In the United States, the series is aired by the Fox television channel.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

27 production seasons of the series have aired in the United States by summer 2016.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

In Finland, the series is presented by Sub and FOX.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Previously, the series has also aired on Channel Three and MTV3 channel.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The series is considered a forerunner of animated series aimed at adults, and the series has contributed to the genesis of 1990s situation comedies aimed at adults.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[2] The series has achieved great popularity both in the United States and around the world and has received several TV awards.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

A full-length film The Simpsons Movie has been produced about The Simpsons in 2007.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

General The series describes in a satirical way the lives of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie of the Simpson family.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The family ventures in the fictional town of Springfield.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Episodes are rich in references to American popular culture, politics, and other current phenomena, as well as problems in American society.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Characters The main characters in The Simpsons are members of the Simpson family.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Today the main role is played by Homer's father, but in the early days of the series, the family's mischievous firstborn son, Bart, was a central figure.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The marketing of the series was mostly focused on Bart at the time, and stores featured a wide variety of BART products including video games and audio discs.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

After the first few seasons, the focus of the series began to be shifted to other family members and minor characters as well.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[3] In addition to the Simpson family, the series features a large group of carricaned side characters, including religious neighbor Ned Flanders, owner of a nuclear power plant, a burly Mr. Burns, Krusty the Clown, Apu, a convenience store salesman from India, and a large group of Simpsons relatives, acquaintances and children schoolmates.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Characters don't exactly age over the years and production seasons.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The Simpsons regulars in the group photo Main characters Homer Simpson, father of Bart, Lisa and Maggie, and Marge's husband.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Homer is employed as safety supervisor for the 7G sector of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

His free time he spends sleeping, watching TV, drinking Duff-brand beer and eating doughnuts.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Homer's favourite hobbies also include drinking beer in Moe's tavern and bowling.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Homer usually watches football and baseball on television.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

— Voice actor: Dan Castellaneta.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Marge Simpson, o.s. Bouvier, mother of Bart, Lisa and Maggie, and wife of Homer.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Marge is known for her blue and tall hair.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Marge is a housewife, but she has tried at least the profession of police, real estate broker, writer, Moe's sidekick, carpenter and pretzel seller.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

— Voice Actress: Julie Kavner.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Bart Simpson, the first child of Homer and Marge, Lisa and Maggie's older brother.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Bart is a 10-year-old boy attending Springfield Elementary School fourth grade.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

He happily plays all sorts of pranks on his father Homer, his teachers and his principal.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

— Voice actress: Nancy Cartwright.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Lisa Simpson, Homer and Marge's second child, Bart's younger sister and Maggie's older sister.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Lisa likes saxophone playing, reading and going to school.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

He's one of the best students in his school.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Lisa is a vegetarian, a skeptic, a Buddhist, and a supporter of the Women's Agenda.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

— Voice actor: Yeardley Smith.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Maggie Simpson, the third child of Homer and Marge, the younger sister of Bart and Lisa.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Is in baby diaper and constantly sucks his pacifier.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Venue The series takes the role of the fictional city of Springfield in the United States.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[4] Events focus on the Simpsons' home at 742 Evergreen Terrace, Springfield Elementary School, Moe's Tavern, and the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Springfield's landscape includes coastline, desert, countryside, and high mountain peaks.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Groening himself has said the city contains similarities to Portland, Oregon, the city where he grew up.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[5] Springfield was chosen as the town's name because of its ubiquity.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Springfield's location is not specified in the series.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[4] In the episode Behind the Laughter (Behind the Laughter), a reader talks about the Simpsons as a “northern Kentucky village family”.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

In the replay, however, the location had changed to Missouri.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[6] Opening animation and theme music The opening section of The Simpsons features changing content in addition to the regular content: a chalkboard scene, a saxophone solo and a couch scene.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The opening animation begins with a blackboard scene from Bart.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The scene itself is different in every episode, and the text is always punitive.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Lisa's saxophone solo has been varied in some episodes.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Lisa's saxophone has been heard on tunes by Frank Zappa, James Brown and Charlie Parker, among others.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[7] Lisa's saxophone color has also varied.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

In the couch scene, the Simpsons family crashes onto the couch, at which point something strange or jokey happens.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The realism of the scenes vary from side to side, and they are recycled every now and then.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[8] In recent years, the opening has been shortened from before, and often the picture moves directly to the couch scene after the program has begun.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The theme music playing in the opening section was composed by Danny Elfman at the request of Matt Groening.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[9] Cultural references to The Simpsons is filled with references to Western society, popular culture and history.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

It has been visited by dozens of the most famous public figures of its time.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The storylines of the episodes are sometimes adaptations of well-known stories from, for example, Mark Twain or Edgar Allan Poe.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Especially in the couch joke in the opening section, there are often direct references to the history of popular culture, animation as well as more.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[10] Satire Simpsons satire often seeks to make all parties equally ridiculous.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[11] Already in the blackboard scene of the opening section, the phrase Bart wrote has sometimes biting social criticism.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

At the time of its appearance, The Simpsons challenged the prevailing climate in the United States, which emphasized traditional family values and the notion of what a functioning family is like.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

As a result of the controversy, even President Bush criticized the series' concept of family, something Bart soon responded to in the series.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[12] Despite the satirisation of family values, Simpsons' values can also be seen as traditional American: the series calls for suspicion of government and politicians, to rely on one's own advisability, and to fight for individual freedoms against oppression and arbitrary power.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[13] History Background The Simpsons came about at a time when American animation was on the trough both in television and in cinema.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Animations aimed only at children were shown on television, and in order to protect children, the cartoon programmes had been cut off anything that suggested violence and had no previous mockery.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[14] [15] The new rise of animation was fuelled along with the Simpsons by the film Who set the trap, Roger Rabbit?


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

(1988) and the Disney blockbuster animation The Little Mermaid (1989) released just before the Simpsons' own series began.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[15] Genesis The Simpsons originated when television and film producer James L. Brooks wanted to spice up his production television series The Tracey Ullman Show with short animation snippets before and after the commercial breaks.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

To be the cartoonist of the series, Brooks wanted Matt Groening, as he liked the Life is Hell comic, drawn by Groening, which appeared in the Los Angeles Reader.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Brooks contacted Groening in 1985.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Groening was unwilling to transfer his existing cartoon into animation, so he invented the Simpsons family and sketched it over the course of a quarter of an hour while waiting for access to Brooks's talk.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Character names he took from his own family, except for Bart's, which was an anagram of the word brat, 'brat'.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[16] Brooks accepted Groening's idea, and the Tracey Ullman Show began to be made in conjunction with Groening's animations.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The animations' handwriting was provided by Groening himself and were drawn in the United States by a total of four animators at the Klasky-Csupo animation studio, usually two at a time.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Most voice actors were taken from The Tracey Ullman Show.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[17] The yellow colour for the characters was probably invented by the animation studio Gyorgi Peluci.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[18] The Simpsons first appeared in the third episode of the series on 19 April 1987.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

An episode of The Simpsons called Good Night (“Good night”) lasted less than two minutes.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[19] The Simpsons short films were made over three seasons for a total of 48 songs.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Included were all current family members and a few minor characters.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The characters' personalities were not yet fully developed: Lisa, for example, was not an intellectual but akin to Bart.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[20] The characters were still quite crudely drawn and resembled their current forms only remotely.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Groening sent the raw drafts to the animators as they are and assumed they would tidy them up.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The animators, however, merely reproduced Groening's cartoons.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[21] The Simpsons grew rapidly in popularity, their share became longer, and the level of animation improved.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

After the series' third season, preparations for the Simpsons' own series were already underway and they were never seen again on The Tracey Ullman Show.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[22] Beginning of its own series The Simpsons received its own half-hour prime time programming slot from the young Fox channel in 1989.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Fox proposed only four episodes, but Brooks managed to secure a contract for thirteen.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

At the same time, he pushed through his demands that control of the show's content remain with Brooks' own production company, Gracie Films.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Thus, the preservation of the Simpsons' distinctive style was protected from the demands of the channel's executives.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

In addition to Brooks and Groening, Sam Simon became the series's executive producer.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

This trio contributed greatly to the shape of the series in its early seasons.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The part of Brooks was in the development and direction of the series, with Groening and Simon being the production stage drag charge.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[23] A big group of new screenwriters were hired for the series, including Jon Vitti, John Swartzwelder, Al Jean and Mike Reiss.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The series wanted to be made into a realistic and believable adult situation comedy, as opposed to the stretchy and banging animations before it.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

It was decided to omit the laugh track.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[24] Plenty of power-ups, including Rich Moore and Brad Bird, were hired to assist Wes Archer and David Silverman at the animation studio.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

In total, animators in Los Angeles numbered 50.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The final color animation was decided to be commissioned at Akom in South Korea, where the quality was high but the cost was low.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[25] More voice actors were also hired, as the series' cavalcade of characters had grown.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[26] The animation of the episode Babysitter, which was intended to be the first season, was of low quality, so it was not moved to be aired until the last of the season.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[27] The Simpsons' first episode “Christmas Peace” aired in the United States on Sunday, December 17, 1989.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

It immediately received an enthusiastic reception.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[28] The series was the 28th most watched series of the year in the United States with 13.4 million weekly viewers.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

It received the Best Animated Series Emmy in 1990 and the TCA Best Comedy Series award.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The series' first global fan community alt.tv.simpsons was established on Usenet in March 1990.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[29] Production seasons on US television on Finnish television in Finland The Simpsons were first seen on Kolmoschannel on 26 August 1991.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[70] After the beginning, the order of performance of the episodes was moved to that of the United States.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Starting in 1993, in conjunction with television reform, the airing of the series moved to the MTV3 channel.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

For the 2010 spring season, The Simpsons switched entirely to Sub.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[71] New episodes are usually aired in Finland with a delay of half a year and a half compared to the original US airtime.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The series' Finnish subtitler for more than 20 years was Sari Luhtanen, who was forced to quit in the fall of 2012 when MTV outsourced its translation functions and the old translators were laid off in protest.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[72] All characters names in Finnish (e.g.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Krusty the Clown, Itchy and Scratchy, Fat Tony) are invented by Luhtane.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[73] Production Producers and show runners Matt Groening and James L. Brooks have been the program's executive producers through the series.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

A more important part than the producer in the making of the episode is the show runner, supervisor in charge and producer, who is also the episode's lead screenwriter.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Typically, these directors remain involved with the series for several production seasons.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Show runners who served through the series: Seasons 1—2: Matt Groening, James L. Brooks & Sam Simon Seasons 3—4: Al Jean & Mike Reiss Seasons 5—6: David Mirkin Seasons 7—8: Bill Oakley & Josh Weinstein Seasons 9—12: Mike Scully Seasons 13—: Al Jean Some production seasons have in individual episodes played a deviant show runner.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Beginning with the 23rd season, for example, each season has contained a few episodes featuring Matt Selman as the second show runner with Al Jean.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Screenwriting Screenwriting for the new production season begins around the turn of the season, eight to ten months before the first episode premieres.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

A team of screenwriters meets under the direction of an executive producer and develops the basic storylines for the season's episodes.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

After the gathering, each writer begins to develop individual basic plots into a roughly 25-page draft.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

After receiving approval for the draft, the screenwriter prepares it into a full-length, or approximately 50-page episode.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Full-length plots are brought back to a team of writers who can alter, delete, and add jokes or scenes.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

In a finished script, 10— 75% of the original writer's material remains, so a non-named screenwriter's share of the work is always high.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[74] The series has occasionally featured guest screenwriters.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Homer's voice actor Dan Castellaneta has scripted, along with his wife Deb Lacusta, eight episodes starting in 2000, voice actor Harry Shearer scripted one episode for the 28th production season in 2016, and the series' longtime director David Silverman one episode for 29. for the production season in 2018.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Recording The semi-finished script will begin to be worked into an episode at an event where the voice actors read it aloud through.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Then the script is still edited until it is ready to be sent to the recording studio.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

There, the episode's lines are recorded with all the main cast members present in the same room.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Guest voices can be recorded separately.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[75] [76] Animating The Simpsons is animated at Film Roman.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The first three seasons of production were animated by the Klasky Csupo studio founded by Gábor Csupó.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[77] After the audio tape is delivered to the animation studio, three artists begin working on a 200-page storyboard for the episode.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Based on it, the group of animators assigned to the episode sketches the episode's scenes in black and white cartoons with their characters and event environments.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The sketches are filmed and combined into the soundtrack into sketch animation.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The material will go to the studio in South Korea, where the final color animation will be made.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The images are currently coloured on a computer.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

After two to four months, the finished color animation is sent back to Film Roman and is finalized to the correct length.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Sometimes small changes are made to the lines as well.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[78] Music Sound effects and music added to episode last.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[79] The music of the Simpsons is the handwriting of Alf Clausen.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

He makes his music at the request of Matt Groening to highlight the emotional states of the characters rather than the on-screen action as in traditional cartoons.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

In addition to his compositional work, Clausen also conducts an orchestra of about 35 people.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[80] Voice Actors Voice acting is performed in The Simpsons carefully.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

An effort is always made to use the same actor as the character's voice.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

If temporarily not possible, the actor dies or otherwise only leaves the series, the character may be left out of the series.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

As far as the main cast is concerned, this has yet to happen, but with the deaths of Phil Hartman, Doris Grau and Marcia Wallace, for example, as well as Maggie Roswell being suspended temporarily on hiatus due to a pay dispute, their characters have been left out of the series.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The only character played by Grau, though, was returned to the series more than a decade later in a recast.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Main cast The main cast of The Simpsons and their main characters: Other regular cast members Guest stars The Simpsons has made it into the Guinness Book of World Records as the animated series that garnered the most guest celebrities.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The series has guest starred with their own voices and characters such as Tony Blair, Meryl Streep, Aerosmith, Magic Johnson, Paul and Linda McCartney, Britney Spears and Michael Jackson.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[81] However, many public figures drawn into the series have appeared with the voices of impersonators.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Several fictional characters known elsewhere have also appeared in the series.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The telecast of The Simpsons has been televised in numerous countries on several different channels, with a total of The Simpsons being watched in over 70 countries.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The finished episodes will be the first to be delivered to the series' producer channel, American Fox.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

In Finland, the television rights are owned by MTV3 and its sister channel Sub.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Episodes are subtitled in the Nordic countries and a few other countries, but dubbing is also common in several continental European countries, including France, Germany, Spain and Italy.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Special Episodes “House of Horrors” Episodes An episode that hits close to Halloween is made into a special episode every year, the so-called “House of Horrors” (Treehouse of Horror).


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

There are always three horror stories in the episode, with sometimes references to famous films and literature.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

This tradition began in the second period of production.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[82] Trilogy episodes Along with the “House of Horrors” episodes, the series occasionally includes other so-called trilogy episodes, which consist of three separate stories and are not part of the series' normal plot continuum.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

The stories are often parodies of classic books, fairy tales, history, etc., with some unifying theme.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

Clip Episodes Starting with the fourth season, clip episodes composed of old scenes (clip show) have occasionally been shown in the series.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

These episodes have been made in order to bring more episodes into the season without employing the production team further.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

Simpsons

[83] So far, the most recent clip episode was in the 13th production season.


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Flashback and Future Episodes Flashback episodes is a recurring episode type with a peek into the characters' past.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Flashbacks have detailed at least Marge and Homer's meeting, the birth of the family's children, and Homer's band career.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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As opposed to flashback episodes, the series also sometimes looks to the future of The Simpsons.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Episodes have shown events such as Lisa as President of the United States and Bart in his future profession, as well as telling stories of Bart and Lisa's first loves.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Impact Followers With the success of The Simpsons, other new animated series began to be made, some of which involved previous creators of The Simpsons.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Among these were The Critic (1994), Family Dog (1993), Fish Police (1992), and Capitol Critters (1992).


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These series were short-lived, but Beavis and Butt-head (1993), King of the Hill (1997), South Park (1997), Futurama (1999) and Family Guy (1999) did well.


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[84] Hokemat Homer Simpson's most famous utterance “D'oh!” has made it into the Oxford English Dictionary of the English Dictionary.


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[85] Homer's voice actor Dan Castellaneta says he borrowed a phrase from the late Jimmy Finlayson, whose supporting character in the films Crepe and Thick often honked “douu” by some time.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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[86] A fictional word invented by Simpsons scriptwriters, the verb “embiggen” ('uplift') associated with the character Jebediah Springfield was accepted in 2018 into the prestigious Merriam-Webster dictionary.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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[87] Awards The Simpsons series has been awarded several times with various awards.


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The Simpsons has won 23 Emmy Awards, 22 Annie Awards and one Peabody Award.


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In January 2000, the series was admitted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame.


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The first episode to win an Emmy Award for an individual episode was the episode “Bridegroom” from season 1.


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In addition to this episode, nine other Simpsons episodes have won an individual episode Emmy, most recently the 19th production season episode “Amnesia”.


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In addition to this, the American magazine Time has chosen The Simpsons as the best series of the century [88] and the same magazine selected the characters of the series Bart and Lisa Simpson among the 50 best cartoon characters.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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[89] Apart from that, Bart has been selected by Time in 1998 among the 100 most significant 20th century persons as the only fictional person on the list.


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In the United Kingdom, The Simpsons reached the top spot in three viewer polls commissioned by Channel 4.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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The series was voted 1st place in the listing of both the 100 best children's series and the 100 best animations.


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[90] [91] Homer Simpson, on the other hand, was chosen as best television character.


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[92] Reviews Content Review The Simpsons deals with the topics of everyday life and its humour, which has led to critical viewer feedback from individual viewers as well as many groups and organisations over the years.


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Complaints have sometimes led to one-word exchanges or a half-hearted apology.


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Authors have defended ethnic jokes, for example, by the fact that all groups get their fair share of them.


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The violence of the series is meant as a parody, something viewers don't always understand.


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Sometimes changes are made to episodes due to pre-censorship even before the premiere, but always the creators ignore the sensors' instructions.


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In Finland, the series is not censored, but in Britain, for example, pre-censorship is even stricter than the United States.


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[93] In its early days, the series sparked debate among parents of children, as Bart Simpson was portrayed as a rebellious troublemaker who was never caught for his pranks.


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PTA saw Bart as a poor role model for children.


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President George H. W. Bush said that American families should be more reminiscent of the Walton TV family than the Simpsons.


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[94] Bush's wife Barbara Bush had also berated the Simpsons a few years earlier but subsequently cancelled her speeches.


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Declining Quality Review The series has received criticism from its fans for deteriorating quality.


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[95] This has been claimed to be related to screenwriter exchanges.


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The phenomenon of deteriorating episodes has also been evident in how various polls of the best episodes by fans and critics give only 1990s episodes as results.


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The latest episode of one of the fan-conducted “top-15 best episodes” voting dates from 1997, and the most recent episode in the 2003 listing by the series scriptwriters itself was from 2000.


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[96] [97] In 2004, Harry Shearer, the series' voice actor, said the 2000s production seasons had been bad.


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He considered the fourth season of production particularly good.


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[98] Plot Changing Review The episodes of the series were even down-to-earth in the early days and striving for realism, but since then episodes have repeatedly had more illogical features and the series has gone in an increasingly imaginative direction.


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Unrealism also manifests itself in the way that in more recent episodes, flashbacks and revelations about the characters' past have many times violated the previously created plot continuum.


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Finland references Some episodes of The Simpsons have had references to Finland.


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For example, in the 9th season episode “Shipwreck”, Martin Prince portrays the school on UN Day as Finland's representative in the Sami costume “Finnish national dance”, in the 16th season episode “Baby Fuumetta” Montgomery Burns mentions runner Paavo Nurmi, in the 21st season episode “Curvailua curling track” a flashback is seen From Agnes Skinner as a pole jumper at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics and in the 22nd season episode “Innäinen”, she flashes representatives of the intelligence agency known as the “A-Team of Finland”.


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[99] Bonita Pietila, who has worked as the cast member of the series from the beginning, has Finnish ancestry.


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Accessories There are a lot of Simpsons-themed accessories on sale.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Fan stores and retail merchandise stores sold for sale include Simpsons episodes as videos and DVDs, related computer games, and numerous cartoons and items such as figures, bottle openers, clothing, soft toys, and key chains.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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In addition, Western Pacific Airlines, an airline operating in the United States, has had [100] a Boeing 737 aircraft decorated with Simpsons characters at its disposal.


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Accessories such as T-shirts with Bart Simpson's slogan “Underachiever (And proud of it, man!


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)”, (Finnish. “Underperforming (and proud of it!


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)”), sold in the early days of the series for two billion dollars.


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[94] Even smaller companies have tried to benefit from the Simpsons brand.


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Krusty O's breakfast cereal, for example, has appeared on store shelves in the United States.


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In addition, an Australian brewer once began marketing a Duff-branded beer, but in court the sale of the drink was subsequently banned.


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Instead, the cans that had already made it for sale became sought-after collector's items.


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In 2009, the United States Post issued a series of five stamps of the Simpsons.


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The stamps feature Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie.


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[101] Books and comics about the Simpsons published as both official and unofficial books starting in 1990.


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The official books go under Matt Groening's name and most of them contain new, scripted material for books with rich colour illustration.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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In particular, the English-speaking market is also rich in unofficial books, which, for copyright reasons, almost simply text, focus on illuminating the background of the TV series and its links to our society.


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The first official books published in Finnish were The Simpsons Christmas Book (1991) and The Rainy Day Hoodbook (1992).


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[102] The Simpsons Library of Wisdoms series includes Homer, Bart, Lisa and Moe's own books published since 2007.


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The first unofficial book of entirely domestic origin, Jouni Paakkinen's book The Simpsons — Two Decades of the Yellow Family, was published in 2008.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Several different comic book magazines have also been produced about The Simpsons, for example Simpsons Comics, Simpsons Comics and Stories, and Bartman.


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Today they are published mostly in the US and UK by American comics publisher Bongo Comics, named after Groening's Life is Hell comic book Bongo Hare.


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Comics have also been compiled into books.


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Like Kustannus has been publishing these comics collections in Finnish since 2007.


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The publisher of comics is Henrik Laine [103].


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Video Games Due to the high popularity of The Simpsons, several video games have been produced from the series.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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The first game was for all the most popular gaming devices of its time translated action-adventure Bart vs.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Space Mutants.


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Around the same time, The Simpsons slot game appeared, which is a brawler in the genre.


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Soon another computer game also appeared, Bart vs.


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A world in which moved around the world.


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The games were not great review successes, though not flops, but received an approving reception.


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Games in the 3D season include wrestling game The Simpsons Wrestling, car game The Simpsons Road Rage, skateboarding game The Simpsons Skateboarding, and sandbox game The Simpsons Hit & Run.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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The most recent Simpsons game went on sale in early 2012 on Playstation Network called The Simpsons Arcade which has only been in certain American arcades The first and so far only Simpsons Movie premiered on July 27 in 2007.


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The film was directed by David Silverman, and among the screenwriters was Matt Groening.


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The film follows the style of the television series, both in animation and story.


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[104] The film was seen in Finland on the premiere day of the animated film by over 30000 viewers and 176543 viewers in the first week.


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[105] [106] In addition to Finland, the film was also the most watched of the weekend in its native United States, where it garnered over $70 million in revenue on its opening weekend.


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[107] A number of music albums have been released from the Simpsons.


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A music album by The Simpsons Sing the Blues featuring songs inspired by the series was released on December 4, 1990.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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The songs were performed by the series' voice actors along with guest soloists.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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The single “Do the Bartman”, secretly written by Michael Jackson and sung by Nancy Cartwright in Bart's voice, became a chart hit, and the album sold double platinum in the United States.


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[108] The Yellow Album was soon recorded as a “sequel” to the album, which, however, was not released until 1998.


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Songs and background music heard in the series itself have been released on three soundtrack albums: Songs in the Key of Springfield (1997), Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons (1999), and The Simpsons: Testify (2007).


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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DVD releases of episodes of The Simpsons have also been available for sale on VHS cassettes, but as the DVD became more widespread, entire production seasons of the series have gone on sale as DVD boxsets and subsequently as blu-ray compilations as well.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Episodes have also been released as various, including Halloween and Christmas-themed collections.


Question: Who created The Simpsons?

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Released in 2001, the first production season became the best-selling DVD of the television series by then; though it was overtaken by the first production season of Chappelle's Show in 2004.


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[109] Twentieth Century Fox announced in spring 2015 that season releases of The Simpsons would no longer be released on DVD or blu-ray in the future.


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However, the seventeenth production season, with a total release appearing in December 2014, [110] received a follow-up in late 2017 when it was decided to continue publishing and the eighteenth production season appeared on DVD.


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Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lehtinen, Jari| title = Animation history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finn Lectura| year = 2013| isbn = 978-951-792-572-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paakkinen, Jouni| title = The Simpsons: Two decades of the yellow family| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2009| version = 2. exact.


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institution| isbn = 978-951-796-581-1}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paakkinen, Jouni| title = The Simpsons: Two Decades of the Yellow Family | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010| version = 3rd revised edition: Atschi! -paperback | isbn = 978-951-796-639-9}} On topic elsewhere Finnish fan site.


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* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The Winter War was a war fought from 30 November 1939 — 13 March 1940 between Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The Soviets began the Winter War by attacking without a declaration of war, and the war ended 105 days later with the Moscow Peace Treaty.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The League of Nations condemned the attack and separated the Soviet Union from its membership on 14 December 1939.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

World War II had begun three months earlier after Germany and the Soviet Union occupied Poland.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Because a low-event fake war was underway on the Western Front, the Winter War was closely monitored by the Western press.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The terms sisu and Molotov cocktail became internationally known.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The designation Winter War only came into use during the Continuation War, including in the Mannerheim Day Order No 1 in June 1941, but did not stabilise immediately.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Earlier and partly parallel designations included the Finnish War 1939—40 and the Finnish—Russian War 1939—40.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[1] The war is known for particularly difficult winter conditions (the winter of 1939—1940 was the coldest of the century), the immense male losses of the Red Army, the motto tactics of the Finns, and the “spirit of the Winter War”.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

As a result of the war, Finland lost 11% of its land holdings to the Soviet Union and its second largest city, Vyborg.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The revancy spirit created by the Winter War was instrumental in bringing Finland into the Continuation War.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Background Great Powers Germany and the Soviet Union World War I meant a loss of great power status for Germany and Soviet Russia.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Both countries recovered in the 1930s by coming back as dictatorships to the great powers, and began to seek back territories they had lost.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Europe's democratic superpowers France and Britain were politically weak.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[2] With the independence of Finland and Estonia, Russia had lost all of the coastal fortifications in the Gulf of Finland, with the exception of Kronstadt, thus weakening Leningrad's defensive position.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Similarly, the border between Finland and the Soviet Union ran on the Rajajoki from the city at a distance of only about 32 km.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Taking Finland would offer the Soviet Union several advantages: it could threaten Germany to import vital iron ore from northern Sweden, control the Baltic Sea, and gain industry and ore reserves from Finland.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[3] Immediately after his rise to power, German leader Adolf Hitler began systematic efforts to dismantle the world order created by the Versailles Peace Treaty.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

In March 1935, Germany broke away from the provisions of the treaty restricting its armed forces and declared general conscription and in March 1936 occupied the Rhineland.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

This led, in part, to the Politburo member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and secretary of the Leningrad District of the NKP, Colonel General Andrei Ždanov, in a menacingly tinged speech in November 1936 likening Leningrad to a window opening westward, from behind which could be heard increasingly loud' pedo-howling and teeth bite of fascism”.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Ždanov's speech was a warning to the Soviet Union's western neighbours that an eastern superpower preparing for war would not allow Finland and the Baltic states such luxury as neutrality.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[4] Finland-Soviet relations Finland had been part of the Russian Empire between 1809 and 1917.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Relations between the Grand Duchy of Finland and Russia had been stable and peaceful until the Russification periods and the First World War.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The Great War broke up the Russian Empire in 1917, and in the event of upheaval Finland gained independence, but was followed by a civil war in which Soviet-Russia supported the Red Guards and Germany a division of Brandenstein and the German Baltic Division supported the Whites.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

After the Civil War, Finnish volunteer troops penetrated Russian territory in connection with the so-called tribal wars.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

After the war, relations between Finland and the Soviet Union were marked by suspicion and resentment, exacerbated by right-wing radicalism in Finland in the 1920s—1930s and Soviet meddling in Finland's internal affairs by supporting communist activities.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

As the Soviet Union grew stronger, it began to take an interest in restoring its former periphery.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Formally, relations between the two countries improved, among other things, with the Non-Aggression Treaty of 1932, but in practice intervals were quite cool before World War II.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[5] In the September situation of 1939, Finns mainly sought to rely on the international community, the League of Nations and Nordic cooperation.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[6] In the Soviet Union, communist persecution, German-friendly and Greater Suomi dreaming were closely monitored by the Lapua Movement, Patriotic People's Movement and the Academic Kareliala Society.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Dreams of a Greater Finland took on a serious tone when, according to the Russians, Germany was envisaged as the background force for their implementation.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

In the spring of 1938, Vladimir Derevyanski, the Soviet ambassador to Helsinki, drew attention in a report sent to Moscow to the fact that at the 20th anniversary of the liberation of Helsinki on 16 May 1938, General Rüdiger von der Goltz, who had served as commander of German auxiliary forces in 1918, had taken with Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim to receive a celebratory parade with the ringing of the Guard playing the German “Alte Kameraden” (Old Comrades) march.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[7] Rudolf Holsti, who became Foreign Minister in the Kallio government, sought to improve relations between Finland and the Soviet Union by visiting Moscow, which came to fruition in February 1937.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Holst's trip was supported domestically by the political left and centre, against it were the right and military circles.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

It was the first visit by a Finnish foreign minister to the Soviet Union in 20 years.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

During the visit, the Soviet Minister of Defense, Marshal Kliment Vorošilov asked Holst what Finland would do if any third state used Finnish territory to attack the Soviet Union.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Holsti replied as a personal position that Finland would fight against every invader.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Holst's position was formally confirmed by President Kyösti Kallio in his inaugural address to parliament in early March 1937.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The election of Kallio as president and the appointment of Cajander's cabinet put individuals in the leadership of Finland who were not so pro-German in Moscow's eyes as their predecessors.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

However, the period of enlargement fell short as the Soviet Union wanted tangible security policy outcomes in addition to diplomatic rapprochement.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[8] Soviet propaganda sought to make the most of the supposed plans of the Finns to invade East Karelia, ignoring the fact that this kind of thing was dreamed of only by a small far-right minority.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

The Soviet Union's own action in the autumn of 1939 showed that it could not expect the Finns to be able to attack when it did not believe the Finns could even defend their own country.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

Instead, the Soviets feared a flank attack by the Germans through Finland against Leningrad just as Imperial Russia had during World War I feared a German invasion of Saint Petersburg via southern Finland, leaving Finland presumed defenseless to be helpless to take independent position on issues.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[9] Finnish-German relations Germany was, along with Sweden, the main source of influences in Finland during the 1930s.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

However, support for the National Socialists was marginal in Finland.


Question: Who was the head of the Finnish army in the Winter War?

Winter War

[10] For the Cajander Red Mud Government, appointed in March 1937, it was not at all incompatible with the regime in Germany and how the powers there conducted themselves.