Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition to ecclesiastical authority, the Bishop of Turku, who was at the head of the diocese, also had plenty of secular power and was, for example, a member of the King's Council of Power.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

One of the most prominent medieval bishops of Turku was Maunu Tavast, who held office between 1412 and 1450.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Spiritual rails formed a literacy and literacy civilisation in medieval Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Its members had often attended Turku Cathedral School and some had also studied at foreign universities.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Kalmar Union Time (1397—1523) Birth of the Union The Nordic Kalmar Union was founded under Queen Margaret of Denmark in 1397.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In practice, there were conflicts in the Union, as the Swedish surplus was interested in the east, in the direction of Russia, in the direction of Russia, while the Danish interests were more towards the south — per German territories.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Nor, within the different countries, was the superiority unanimous among themselves.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The struggle for power was by no means caused solely by modern concepts of “foreign policy” disagreements.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, at the beginning of the Union period, the country's status as part of the kingdom changed


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Over the course of four decades, the monarch's grip on Finland was firmer than in the past.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Queen Margaret was a background influence on the regime right up until her death in 1412.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Throughout, he delegated further responsibilities to his successor King Eerik XIII of Pomerania (as king 1396—1439), who had responsibility especially for Norwegian and Finnish affairs.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

He visited Finland two times, in 1403 and 1407.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

All the king's decisions concerning Finland were issued in his name.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[30] With the Union, the leading administrators of the country changed, as the king placed his own creditmen in charge of the castles.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Abraham Broderinpoika rose to be head of the castle in Turku, and the Danish Klaus Fleming was also appointed as Lamann.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Later, Klaus Lydekenpoika Djäkn and Krister Nilsson Vaasa rose to prominent positions.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Bishop Maunu Tavast was a supporter of unionism.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Even during the Union period, Finland did not form a single administrative entity; the region was divided into two different administrative districts.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Vyborg served as a major, at times quasi-autonomous centre as Turku was more closely incorporated into the central authority's administrative region.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The independent status of Vyborg can be seen, among other things, in the fact that although Finland was divided in 1435 into two Lamalandic municipalities South and Bottom-Finland, Vyborg was born as early as the 1440s, an independent Karelian Llamann, which was probably laid down by a castle chief in Vyborg.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Although the Karelian Laman had no jurisdiction in the Turku Land Court.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[31] In Finland and Sweden, discontent in the early days of the Union was provoked by an increase in the tax burden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Eerik sought to make taxation more efficient in Finland, with the cancellation of the farms to the Crown and efforts to make the castle sound liable.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[30] During the Union period, the administration of the country was organised in a new way to improve the economic condition.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1405, tax exemptions for apparently hundreds of farms were withdrawn.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At that time, the groundwork for systematic land taxation was laid.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Crown also sought to increase tax revenues through settler activity: arable farming produced tax revenues, while the wilderness economy did not produce them.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Tax revenues were therefore raised by the allocation of wilderness for permanent settlement.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1409, Turku also began to mint its own money, which differed in value from the money spent in Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

They were silver and six-pence coins.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1407, Finland received its own supreme court, the Turku Land Court, and it was also given administrative power.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Finland's leaders were now able to decide the country's affairs at their own meetings.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The railing crew and clergy formed a politically leading group during the Union period.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Finland's own raulsmen only rarely ruled the largest castle voices, usually headed by Swedish or Danish, sometimes German-born men, who, though often had lived in the country for decades.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Domestic rails were generally responsible for lower administration, military functions and especially the courts.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The most prominent positions in the Church also ended up in the Union period for the sons of the indigenous families.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On the other hand, the peasantry could also participate in the activities of various boards and district assemblies, as well as influence political solutions such as the election of the king.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the exception of Turku and Vyborg, cities were small during the Union period and there were very few of them.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Therefore, foreign trade was modest, too.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Even Vyborg was unable to compete with Tallinn as a hub for trade in Russia.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Domestic trade was economically certainly more significant than foreign trade.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Externally, the beginning of the Union was a time of peace for Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, King Eerik the Pomeranian, who was active in foreign politics, was mired in conflict with the Hanseatic League, making commerce more difficult.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 1430s, the rebellion movements of the overlords and peasants that rose on the Swedish side had little effect in Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The overabundance of modest insurgency movements in Finland can be explained by the expansion of the Crown and Rulse holdings [32].


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The most famous of these rebellion movements was the so-called. David's revolt in Häme in 1439.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It targeted Viikki Manor [33] [34].


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Finland did not participate in the 1435 meeting held in Arboga.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the autumn of the same year, Bishop Maunu Tavast and Krister Nilsson arrived in Sweden, where, in arranged negotiations, they influenced the ousting of the leaders of the movement known as the Engelbrekt Engelbrektinpoika Rebellion and reaching a compromise.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Drots became Krister Nilsson and Charlemagne Knuutinpoika Bonde became the marcher.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the former returned to Finland in the autumn of the same year, the revolt movement began again in Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

To counter the rebellion projects, the Finnish peasants were promised a tax reduction in a letter dated 24 June 1436, the signatories of which were the archbishop, drotsi and marski in the name of the Council of Power.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The reason was put forward that the Finns had proved loyal to the kingdom and had sworn not to assume a head of their own, i.e., promised not to rise in rebellion, and would accept the head imposed by the Council of Power.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Seppo Suvanto interpreted this as saying that in Sweden it was feared that the Finns, or the administrators of Finland, would break away from the Council of Power and Finland would elect its own head.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[35] Finland and Swedish power struggles Eventually the king was dismissed in 1439, after which Sweden was ruled by a power council of aristocrats.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It consisted of bishops and leading supremacists.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The most powerful of this force emerged Charlemagne the son of Knuutinson, who was elected in 1438 as regent.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

His worst rival, the drotsi Krister then withdrew to Vyborg.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the fall of the monopolistic system of government, Finland's links with Denmark were severed.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, links with Sweden were not much consolidated but the holders of local castle votes largely ruled the country.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1440 the Danes invited Christopher the Bavarian to the land and he was proclaimed king.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Negotiations were held in Sweden on the terms of recognition.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Kaarle Knuutinpoika moved to Finland in the same year and took over the castles of Turku and Kastelholm, promising to give up the position of state administrator if he could get all of Finland as his county.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the exception of Åland, this wish came true.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the situation soon changed, and soon Charlemagne had to settle solely for the Vyborg Castle.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Turku returned to the rule of a voud under the king.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The king's purpose was to prevent the emergence of a unified Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After Christopher died in 1448, Charlemagne Knuutinpoika sailed from Vyborg with 800 gunmen to Stockholm, where he was elected king (1448—1457), apparently because of his armed superiority.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The reign was marked by war against Kristian Oldenburgian, which increased the tax burden in Finland as well.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During this period, Finland was the most significant area of support for the king.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1457, the Swedish Grand Excellence rose in revolt against the king, and he fled to Danzig.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Kristian Oldenburgian was elected King of Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

He ruled from 1457 to 1464.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, support for the new king was not shared by everyone - especially in Vyborg.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Controversy over the eastern border The following period was marked by problems in the eastern parts of the kingdom.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As the settlement spread to the wilderness areas, border disputes and skirmishes with Novgorod and Karelians began.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

While Savonian settlement progressed, North Karelia was also colonized.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1478, Novgorod was annexed by Moscow, and a new force factor rose behind the eastern border.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In order to secure the border, construction began to be built on Olavinlinna to safeguard the settler settlement.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

From the Russian point of view, this was a breach of the border treaty and open martial law prevailed for several years right up to the intermediate peace of 1482.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, there was no consensus on the course of the border.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

From the Axis sons to the Sten Sture period In battle, the Swedish king's crown became the castles of Suomenk to take over and bend the Union king behind.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Danish knight Eerik the Axis boy Tott came with his brothers to take over the castles in the 1480s, and eventually all the castles were held by the Axis sons.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After Eerik died, he left the counties of Vyborg, Hämeenlinna and Savonlinna to his brothers Ivar and Laur, who already ruled Raasepori.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the emergence of a unitary circle of power did not fit with regent minister Sten Sture's plans.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1481, Sten Sture arrived in Finland, all the way to Vyborg.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A reconciliation between the registrar and the local grandees could not arise: the regent promised the population tax breaks; the holders of the fiefdoms again did not accept these.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At the end of the Union period no longer saw the emergence of a jointly accepted monarch in the Nordic countries.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

King Hansel of Denmark (1481—1513) did not achieve approval in the Union countries; instead, the power councils took control.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1483, Sten Sture gained control of three counties in Finland: Vyborg, Savonlinna and Hämeenlinna.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The earlier Axis boys' dominance became a supporter of the regent and Finland became more firmly subordinated to the central authority; especially when Raaseporik came into the possession of Sten Sture's supporter, Knut Posse.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sture did not distribute castles as fiefs to the overlord, but controlled them through self-dependent vouts, collecting significantly tax revenue for himself.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The tranquillities of the end of the Middle Ages at the end of the 15th century earlier skirmishes with Moscow condensed into war.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1495, Vyborg Castle began to be besieged.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Lifting people were also gathered from Western Finland for the war effort at the time.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In endangered areas, all 15-year-olds were taken up in arms, and German mercenaries and people from the Swedish side also arrived in the country.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Along with Karelia, Russian attacks also extended to Ostrobothnia, Savo and Häme.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Peace was concluded in 1497.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the same year, Sten Sture was dismissed from the position of state administrator by the Council of Power.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the Finnish castle lands remained in his possession.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

King Hansel I of Denmark invaded Sweden in 1497, beating Sten Sture's forces on 28 September at the Battle of Rotebro.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Thus Hansel I rose to become King of Sweden and thus of Finland (1497—1501).


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1499, Sture had to give up his territories in Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1503, Svante Niilonpoika Sture (1504—1512) was elected as regent, to whom the leading men of Finland also gave their assurances of allegiance.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At the meeting in Turku, his election was supported.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the unanimity was ostensible, as some of Finland's lords, along with Sten Sture's relatives, pursued their own political line.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

To some extent, the goals have remained unclear.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

National historiography, however, has highlighted the centrality of East politics in divisive terms.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Vaasa period (1523—1617) The reign of Gustav Vasa during the end of the Union was peaceful in Finland other than Vyborg, in the early 16th century the Danes went on raiding the coasts of Finland, and the privateer captain Otto Rudi plundered Turku and its treasures of the cathedral.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On the rise of Christian II, the Danish Union king, at his coronation, he beheaded dozens of Swedish supremacists.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It's called the Stockholm massacre.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedish supreme Gustav Vasa rose up to oppose the Union king and won the peasants over.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

German Hanseatic merchants also supported Gustavus Vasa and supplied him with weapons and money.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Finnish-born Fleming brothers Eerik and Iivar conquered the Finnish castles for Gustav Vasa and drove the Danes out of Finland in 1523.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Nordic Union period ended, and Gustav Vasa became King of Sweden and Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The early modern state emerges in the Gustav Vasa period beginning a unified Swedish kingdom to form.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

He succeeded in defeating the provincial communities that pushed for his own policies.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Reformation, in turn, snubbed the Church.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Already weakened by the massacre, the high nobility was now attached to supporting royal policy.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the management of the government continued the medieval tradition: the king had numerous nobles as well as scribes who were not, however, strictly officials.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Nor was there yet a clear division of labour within the administration, but the functions of office in the king's service varied according to the situation.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 1530s, Gustavus Vasa began to produce German administrative personnel in the country, with whom new views of monarch rule also arrived in Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1544, in the Riksdag of Västerås, the kingship was changed to hereditary and Gustav Vasa's eldest son Eerik was named heir to the throne.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the withdrawal of fiefdoms, local government of the Crown was concentrated in the hands of the vouties.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The tasks of these were diverse, but the collection of taxes was the most important of them.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During Gustavus Vasa's time, there was also a shift to written administration; first, systematic land books (on land ownership) are being drawn up to aid taxation, soon followed by other lists and written accounts.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Vouds were also responsible for repopulating deserted houses, a ride-hailing system and roadwork.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Voud also had to prevent illegal trading in the countryside, as well as handicrafts.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Maintaining public order and caring for the litigants were also part of the duties of the voud - thus ensuring the Crown's share of tax revenue and penalty payments.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The stepped-up administration boosted the Crown's tax revenues by tens of percent.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war against Russia for Finland was still significant in foreign policy terms, continued conflicts with Russia; during the early stages of the period of Gustav Vasa, another attempt was made to gain clarity on the course of the border line through negotiations.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Swedes sought to delay the revision of the border as far as possible, and despite temporary agreements, skirmishes and mutual raiding continued.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1555, a meeting of nobles held in Vyborg recommended to the king to go to war.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The attack prompted a counter-attack by Ivan the Terrible in the direction of Vyborg and Savo.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Negotiations between 1556 and 1557 ended with the conclusion of a 40-year-long intermediate peace.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The intention was to hold 1559 new negotiations for the passage of the border, which, however, never materialised.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Abuses of nobility During the war, the king had stayed in Finland for a long time.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At that time he also ordered the submission of an extensive inquiry into abuses committed by the nobility.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As a result of this investigation, the so-called A catalogue of complaints by Jaakko Teit, a major source of 16th-century social history.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the summer of 1556, the king still formed a duchy of his own from Finland, with the king's son Juhana named at its head.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Gustav Vasa died in September 1560.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On the throne he was succeeded by Eerik XIV.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

From throne disputes to the beginning of great power politics, Eerik XIV's reign Eerik XIV was crowned king in 1561.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

He sought to further intensify the kingship in relation to the overlord, and thus also to his brothers.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

To weaken the position of these, Eerik established new counts and free lordships to share the power of the dukes.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In Finland, the king's policy was also reflected in the appointment of new llamanns to the country.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1561, the King approved in the Reichstag the so-called. Arboga's articles by which the dukes were subjected to the control of the king and deprived them of the possibility of an independent foreign policy.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Central to the king was specifically the eroding of the position of Duke Juhana of Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As the Duchy of Juhana, Finland was formed into a “feudal miniature state” (Keränen) subjugated to the kingdom, with its own office, chamber of taxes and calculations, and a council corresponding to the power council.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Juhana's interests in Livonia were also at odds with the king: with the planned marriage to Catherine Jagellonica, Juhana would gain possession of several pledge castles in Livonia.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Simultaneously, Eerik XIV was drifting into war with Poland due to its expansionist policy towards Livonia.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1561 the Tallinn jury had already ceded the city to the patronage of the king, during the same spring the nobility of Viru and Harju separated from the Teutonic Order.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As the conflict intensified, the king convened in 1563 the Reichstag to condemn John to death.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The development led to the siege of Turku Castle in the summer of 1563.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After skirmishes and bombardments, the castle surrendered on 12 August 1563, after which the splendour of the castle was destroyed, the pair of dukes were captured and taken to Sweden for imprisonment.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 1560s, Swedish foreign policy was marked by warfare in the Baltics against Poland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition, Eerik XIV was mired in war against Denmark-Norway and Lübeck.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

This necessitated good relations with the East: the concentration of military forces elsewhere required good relations with the direction of Moscow.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Eerik XIV's term ended in 1568 with the rise of the nobility against the king.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

This time, Finland's top brass were also on the side of the rebels, as much the old supporters of Juhana as the creditmen of Eerik.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Turku Castle came into the possession of the rebels.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Eerik spent the next few years in captivity until he was sentenced to death and poisoned in 1577.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Long hatred during Juhana III's kingship, border skirmishes on the border of Käkisalmi County led to yet another war (1570—1595) known as the Nordic Five Third Year War.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For the most part, it was a brutal, mutual guerrilla war.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the early stages, however, warfare was organized and in 1573—1577 a time of armistice lived on the Finnish front.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Halfway through the decade, however, peasant rustles began: Karelians invaded Oulujärvi and Iijoki, southern Finland went beyond the Gulf of Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the fold of the decade, organised warfare was triggered again with the invasion of Narva (1579) and the conquest of Käkisalmi in 1580.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Narva was overrun the following year, with subsequent negotiations leading to an intermediate peace lasting until 1590.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Despite the intermediate peace, guerrilla warfare continued on both sides of the eastern border, leading to the widespread desolation of Kainuu and northern Ostrobothnia in the 1580s.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Led by Pekka Vesainen, the Ostrobothians made retaliatory expeditions to Viena Karelia.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war ended with the Peace Treaty of Full Self in 1595.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A new dispute over the throne upon the death of John III in 1592 left the throne without a holder.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

There were two successor candidates: Sigismund and Duke Charles.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The kingship issue was also intertwined with church politics: in Counter-Reformation Europe, Sigismund was Catholic, making his position even more problematic in Lutheran Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In 1593 Sigismund arrived in the country to be crowned.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The ruler's assurance he issued in the autumn of the following year.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this case, he also adopted the Lutheran line of the enactment and ecclesiastical assembly of Uppsala (1593).


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the crowning of Sigismund, a personal union was created between Sweden and Poland that lasted some years; as King of Poland, Sigismund always remained until 1632.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the king's return to Poland, rose to the nobility among disagreements over Charles Duke's position as registrar.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this dispute, Klaus Fleming, the commandholder of Finland, sided with the king.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Riksdag of Arboga of 1597, however, Charles was named regent.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In this case, he also declared his opponents, above all Klaus Fleming, rebels.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Harshing justice Generally in Europe At the beginning of the New Age, in the 16th and 17th centuries, secular rights began to use the so-called “Law of Moses”, that is, some passages from the Bible.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Under the law of Moses, witchcraft and magic were prohibited and, among other things, blasphemy, swearing, infringement against one's parents, perjury, manslaughter, interest railing, false testimony and several sexual offences could be sentenced to death.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Law of Moses became a general legal instruction in the Swedish Empire in 1608 and remained in force until the new Reich Law of 1734.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the law was generally not applied in its full harshness and death sentences were commuted in about half of the cases.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[36] [37] 16th century peasant unrest and mace war Peasant unrest increased during the reign of Gustav Vasa, inter alia, due to increased tax burdens and, on the other hand, the struggle for power of his sons.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The culmination of the peasant unrest was the bludgeon war in 1596—1597.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It ended bloody with the army defeating the Ostrobothians and Savonian peasants armed with mace, spears and bows.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The revolt was directed against the nobility who exercised power in Finland and Klaus Fleming in particular.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The mutineers sought help from Charles Duke, who was pursuing the Swedish crown.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

As causes of the rebellion, contemporary research attributes the war burden of the rap war, economic decline, and the suffering caused by the castle camp system.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Scholars have been divided as to the great influence the incitement against Klaus Fleming exercised by the Duke of Charles had on the genesis of the bludgeon war [38] [39].


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Great Power Period (1617—1721) Peace of Stolbova In 1604—1611 Duke Charles of Södermanland was King Charles IX of Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During his reign, the kingdom was almost constantly waging war against Russia and Poland, especially over the ownership of the Baltic provinces Estonia and Livonia.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In addition, in 1611—1613 there was a defeatist war against Denmark.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On the death of Charles IX, his son Gustav II Adolf ascended to the throne.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The state of the kingdom was poor and Sweden had to conclude in 1613 peace with Denmark.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Peace of Stolbova was concluded with Russia in 1617, as a result of which Käkisalmi County, Nutälinna and part of Inker were annexed by Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Modernisation and reforms under the leadership of the King and Reich Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna, Sweden and Finland began to implement substantial reforms after the foreign policy situation calmed down.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The army and the war establishment were reorganised, in particular in accordance with the paragon given by the Dutch Morits Oranian.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The navy and the administration of the Crown were also reformed.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A new form of government was brought into effect in the country and the kingdom was divided into counties.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 17th century, in addition, a Governor-General was appointed in Finland from time to time to develop the conditions


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The office of Governor-General of Finland was Nils Tuurenpoika Bielke and Count Peter Brahe, whose official residence was Turku Castle.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During the Great Reign, new cities and the Royal Court of Appeal of Turku were also established in Finland, and in 1640 the Turku Academy, Finland's first university.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During the Thirty Years' War in the Baltics, Sweden was still waging war against Poland-Lithuania and in 1629 the provisional Peace of Altmark was concluded.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Thirty Years' War between the Catholic Emperor and Protestant princes that broke out in Germany, Gustav II Adolf joined in 1630 after coming ashore in northern Germany.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sweden's goal in the war was to support the German Protestants and strengthen its own position.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Gustav II Adolf, however, died at the Battle of Lützen in 1632 and his daughter Kristiina ascended the throne as a minor.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In practice, the kingdom was ruled at this point by a caretaker government led by Axel Oxenstierna.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Peace of Westphalia, 1648, which ended the Thirty Years' War, Sweden established itself as a great power.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

However, the Thirty Years' War and other conflicts of the Great Power period severely consumed the resources of Sweden and Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A significant number of peasants had to serve in the army and navy, where mortality rates were high.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

From wars to peace period, during Queen Kristiina's reign 1632—1654 Sweden and Finland gave vast territories as fiefdoms to the nobility.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The nobility had the right to collect tax on their fiefdoms, which complicated the financial position of the Crown.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After Kristiina's abdication of the crown rose to power under Charles X Gustaf, who ruled the Swedish Empire from 1654 to 1660.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During his reign, Sweden waged wars against both Poland, Russia, and Denmark.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Charles X died in 1660 and Charles XI ascended to the throne as his successor, in whose reign 1660—1697, a major reduction—the large-scale withdrawal of fiefdoms to the Crown took place in Sweden and Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Charles XI reduced the power of the nobility and ruled the kingdom autocratically.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

For Finland, the reign of Charles XI meant a lengthy peace.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Protestant clergy were responsible for teaching literacy to the people and ecclesiastical life was dominated by pure-apprenticity.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

1695—1697 Finland was hit by disastrous years of disastrous roofing, which resulted in a significant portion of the population dying from starvation and disease.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Great Northern War under Charles XI's successor King Charles XII, in 1700 the Great Northern War broke out, resulting in Sweden losing its great power status.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The cause of the war was an anti-Swedish alliance established by Sweden's enemies Denmark, Russia, Polish-Lithuania and Saxony.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the Peace of Stolbova of 1617, Russia had lost contact with the Baltic Sea.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The reformist Tsar Peter I sought to reopen Russia a link with the Baltic Sea to facilitate its contacts and commerce with Western Europe.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Although Charles XII succeeded one by one in defeating Denmark, the Russian invasion army (at the Battle of Narva) and Poland, the Swedes ultimately suffered a decisive defeat to the Russians at the Battle of Poltava in 1709.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The king then fled to Turkey and the kingdom was open to enemy attack.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Vyborg was taken in 1710 and the Russians occupied the rest of Finland after the Battle of Kostianvirta on Pälkäne, the Battle of Napue in Ostrobothnia and the Battle of Riilahti off Hanko by 1714.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

From the Russian occupation period of 1714—1721, big-hatred is referred to as big-hatred.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The occupation period was disastrous for Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Thousands of people were killed and even more were taken to Russia, in addition, a large number of the country's officials and clergy fled to Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Great Northern War and at the same time big-hatred ended with the Peace of Uusikaupunki between Sweden and Russia of 1721.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The peace treaty annexed Inkerinmaa, Estonia, Livonia and Käkisalmi County, as well as Vyborg.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Karelia, annexed to Russia, is often referred to as Old Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Age of Freedom and the Gustavian Period (1721—1809) Power away from the king in the Swedish Empire After Charles XII, the Acts took power from the king in the reigns of 1719 and 1720 and the period of autocracy became the period of decree (the “time of freedom”).


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Economics and science developed during this period, but on the other hand, the power politics of the parties caused problems.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

France and Russia gained influence in Sweden by funding rival parties called jackets and hats.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[40] In the 1720s, reconstruction began in Finland following the Great Northern War.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the peace of New Town, the Russian occupying forces began to leave the country more neatly than agreed.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

During 1721, new land lords were appointed in Finland, responsible for reconstruction.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Repair work proceeded quickly, as as early as the mid-1730s the rebuilding can be considered to have finished.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[41] Finnish-born Arvid Horn was Permanent President of Sweden from 1720 to 1738.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[42] His policy does not particularly find features that emphasise Finnishness.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The most significant acclamation of Finland of his time was the Law of 1734.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

It remained in force during the period of autonomy and is the basis for the legislation of an independent Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

At the same time, attention began to be paid to Finnish as a language of administration as well.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

A post of translator was established at the Permanent College in 1734, translating documents into Finnish and assisting peasant Reichstag in Stockholm.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The 1734 law was translated into Finnish by the county secretary Samuel Forseen.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[43] The War of the Hats came to power in the Reichstag of 1738.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The programme of the Hat Party included a war of reparation against the Russians, in which it was intended to conquer all the territories lost in 1721 and furthermore Russian Karelia.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

When Russia had throne disputes, Hats assumed the country was weakened.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sweden declared war in June 1741.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Three Swedish infantry regiments were sent to Finland, but the warfleet was virtually crippled by pestilence.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Irish Field Marshal Peter de Lacy, who led Russian forces, took his troops to the Battle of Lappeenranta, where a badly underpowered Swedish force led by Carl Henrik Wrangel suffered a wicked defeat in August 1741.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Charles Emil Lewenhaupt, who served as Commander-in-Chief in Finland, agreed in late 1741 to a truce proposed by Emperor Elizabeth.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[44] After the end of the armistice, the Russians marched to southern Finland in February 1742.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

After the Swedish army surrendered, the Russians occupy western Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Elizabeth circulated a manifesto in March 1742 in which she promised to support the Finns if they wanted to secede from Sweden and establish an independent state.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[44] However, after the Finnish occupation, talk of independence ceased.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[45] The Russian occupation period has been called petty hatred, but the designation is misleading to some extent, as Russian troops behaved well.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[44] On 7 August 1743 Sweden and Russia concluded the Peace of Turku, in which the border was moved to Kymijoki, Mäntyharju and Savonlinna.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Savonlinna city and Olavinlinna remained on the Russian side.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[44] New Era Thoughts After the war, mercantilist principles of trade led to economic gains from tar and shipbuilding remaining in Stockholm.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In the 1760s, Anders Chydenius, a vicar in Kokkola, started calling for freedom of business and expression.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[40] In the last decades of the 18th century, the Turku Academy was particularly awakened by the influence of Henrik Gabriel Porthan, the “Father of Finnish History”, an interest in Finnish history and Finnish folk poetry.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[46] Of the scholars, Eino Jutikkala says “In the second half of the 18th century, the inhabitants of the different provinces of Finland and members of different adjustments became more consciously Finns as opposed to the Swedes living behind the sea.” [47] The troubled reign of Gustav III In 1772 Gustav III After the coup, a new form of government was enacted by which power reverted back to the king.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The era sought to get rid of mercantilism.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Freedom of speech and religion expanded.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The confidence of Finnish officers in the king was weakened because the nobility lost their authority to the king, who was supported by the people.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Some high-ranking soldiers transferred to Russian service.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[40] In 1788—1790, the so-called Gustav III War started by Gustav III took place between Sweden and Russia.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sweden was also matched by Denmark.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war was opposed, among others, by the officers who formed the Anjala Union.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Despite its maritime victory in the Swedish Strait, Sweden did not gain additional territories in the peace of Värälä.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The 1789 Book of Association and Collateral increased the king's power even further.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

With the war, the bitterness of the nobility towards the king increased, and this eventually led to the assassination of the king in 1792.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[40] Sweden loses Finland The Finnish War was fought in 1808—1809 between Russia and Sweden.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The war was prompted by the peace established by Russia and France on 7 July 1807 in Tilsit.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

In it, France and Russia allied and Russia pledged to pressure, if necessary by force of arms, including Sweden to join the continental exclusion against Britain, an embargo by which France would have strengthened its position as a sea power against Britain.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The last Grand Duke of Finland during Swedish rule was the second son of Gustav IV Adolf, Charles Gustaf, who died 1802—1805 as a child.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

[48] As a result of the Finnish War, Finland passed to Russian rule and the administration was organized on the basis of autonomy.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

The Russian Emperor became Grand Duke of the Autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Linna, Martti (ed.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

) | title = Sources of the Early Middle Ages | publisher = History Aitta| year = 1989| isbn = 9789519600611}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tarkiainen, Kari| title = Swedish Oriental| publisher = Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland| year = 2010| isbn = 9798-5551-853-212-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jouse| title = History of Finland — from the Stone Age to the 21st century| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2017| isbn = 978-951-1-31574-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Virrankoski, Pentti| title = History of Finland — country and people| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2012| isbn = 978-952-222-377-7}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jouse| title = History of Finland: From the Ice Age to the European Union| location = in Helsinki | publisher = Otava| year = 2003 (4. edition 2005) | id = ISBN 951-1-17397-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Zetterberg, Seppo (ed.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

) | title = Little Giant of Finnish History | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1987| id = ISBN 951-0-14253-0}} Handbook of Finnish History.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Previous section, ed.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Arvi Korhonen.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

WSOY 1949, Porvoo — Helsinki.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karonen, Petri| title = Northern Great Power: Sweden and Finland 1521-1809| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-0-23739-6}} Helge Pohjolan-Pirhonen, History of Finland 1523—1617.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

WSOY 1960, Porvoo — Helsinki.


Question: Which countries has Sweden been at war with?

Period of Swedish rule in Finland

On topic elsewhere in Category:History of Finland Category:History


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Maximilian (Max) Ernst Gustaf Oker-Blom (5 May 1863 Helsinki — 10 October 1917 Helsinki) [1] [2] was a Finnish professor of hygiene and pioneers of medicine in Finland.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom brought the doctrines of Central European school hygiene to Finland and was appointed Helsinki's first school doctor in 1905.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom also wrote a lot about chastity, medical ethics, as well as the side effects of alcohol.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

She was enlightened and wanted to disseminate knowledge for the good of the young nation and published, among other things, a series of sexual education guides aimed at young people, both boys and girls.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom was the first president of the Finnish Medical Association 1910—1917.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Background Max Oker-Blom's parents were General Christian Teodor Oker-Blom and Julia Maria Lovisa Böckelman.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[2] The family of Oker-Blom was noble and the family was strongly pro-Finnish.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

During his time as senator, General Oker-Blom was among Yrjö-Koskinen's staunchest supporters in the Finnish Party.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

However, Max Oker-Blom's home language was Swedish, but he also wrote in Finnish and his works have since been translated into up to 11 languages.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

His uncle was a doctor.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Career Oker-Blom wrote matriculating in 1883, graduating with a Bachelor of Philosy in 1885 and MA in 1886, as well as Bachelor of Medicine in 1887 and Licentiate in 1891.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

He then worked for two years as a municipal doctor in Mäntyharju and from 1893 as a doctor in Lappeenranta city, labour prison, bath facility and Kauka factory.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

He studied bacteriology in Vienna, Berlin, Wiesbaden and Innsbruck, and physical chemistry in Leipzig.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In 1898 Oker-Blom received his doctorate under the subject Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das unter Einwirkung des konstanten elektrischen Stromes stattfindende Eindringen von medikamentösen Stoffen in den Thierkörper.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[2] After arguing, Oker-Blom continued his research work in his laboratory in Lappeenranta alongside his medical practice.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[1] However, he moved to Helsinki to become Professor Laitinen's laboratory assistant and opened a private clinic to raise additional income.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[2] In 1901, Oker-Blom was awarded the title of Docent in Physiology at the University of Helsinki and thus gained entry into larger circles of researchers.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom was awarded a docent because a little earlier he had been awarded the Die Physikalisch- Oekonomische Gesellschaft Prize in Königsberg, whose university had a rich tradition in the field of physiological research.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In Lappeenranta, Oker-Blom had started a series of articles on physical chemistry and the prize was awarded for his fourth article.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

After moving to Helsinki, he continued to write articles and in total accumulated a series of ten articles on animal fluids and tissues under physicochemical conditions.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

The need to find new sources of income when not enough clients visited the doctor's office led to Oker-Blom publishing his first general science book, as well as beginning to lecture on health and education.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In the early 20th century, she began to be interested in the chaste fitness of the population and she began writing Enlightenment writings on sexual hygiene, intended for girls and boys of different ages, as well as their parents and educators.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

The best known was a book published in 1903 called Hos Morbror Doktorn på landet, which was translated as What Martta was able to learn at his doctor's uncle on land.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

It was already translated into nine other languages by 1910 and in total appeared in 18 editions.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In 1904—1909, more sex education guides appeared from Oker-Blom and she brought sex education into schools as well to fight venereal diseases.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In his works, he urged young people to sexual abstinence, recalling that satisfying the lineage was only possible in marriage.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

However, the works were considered dangerous to youth and in the post Oker-Blom was also criticized for placing too much emphasis on popular works rather than scientific research.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[2] At the same time, in addition to his work on folk education, Oker-Blom directed his scientific interest in hygiene research and science.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In 1903 he was appointed assistant at the Hygiene Laboratory.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

The connection with the university was maintained thanks to the Docent of Physiology, the title of docent was changed in 1909 at Oker-Blom's request to Docent in Hygiene.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In 1914, Oker-Blom was appointed professor of hygiene.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In the 1910s he became interested in the fight against pneumonia, having contracted it himself [2].


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom served 1905—1915 as the first school doctor in Helsinki.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In his first medical examination, he found the majority of schoolchildren to be malnourished.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In order to improve the situation, public school meals were later organised in the nation schools.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[2] Oker-Blom was an active citizen with many social positions of trust.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

He was a member of the 1896—1901 Lappeenranta and 1904—1906 Helsinki City Council, as well as a representative of his noble family in the Legislative Parliament 1899—1906.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[2] He taught hygiene studies at Helsinki University of Technology for several years.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Hygiene and Society Oker-Blom's staunch opinion was that the medical profession was a vocation.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

His own activities he established on a holistic view of society.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

His ambitions and opinions were based on his own professional experiences but also on the phennomanic-nationalist ideal of the home and its hygiene.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[3] Oker-Blom had been well aware of the ethical responsibility of a physician during his tenure as a physician.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

He returned to this subject in 1911 in his book on medical ethics.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

From a societal point of view, individual health was crucial in the development and well-being of society as a whole.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom's starting point was the welfare of society.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

He felt that doctors were able to account for this when making ethical decisions in treating individuals.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In this case, the doctor could only rely on his own instinct and not an evolutionary, utilitarian or theological view as the basis for decisions.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In keeping with phennomanicism, the family represented a fundamental pillar of society.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

It was important to protect and strengthen this basic unit.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

The woman was the foundation of the family and her main task was to take care of her family.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom's writings on sexual hygiene and chastity raised awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and drew attention to the fact that extramarital affairs endanger family connection.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Enlightenment activities increased awareness among young people about their own and others' sexuality, which in turn was useful when thinking about spouse and married life.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[3] Hygiene issues became significant in Europe in the late 19th century.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

The phenomenon was not limited to the hospital and care environment alone.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Society as a whole was affected by the struggle against epidemics and the improvement of public health.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

The hygiene perspective also emerged when considering sewer and waste treatment solutions, building design and civic education.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

In addition to his general science writings, Oker-Blom developed the hygiene of schools and pupils during his tenure as a school doctor in the city of Helsinki.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Everyone had to take care of their own neatness and harden themselves against disease [3].


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Due to the language dispute, Finland had two medical unions, the Swedish-speaking Finska Läkaresällskapet and the Finnish-speaking Duodecim.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom was a member of both unions and in a way represented both language groups — she had received her education in Swedish, which was also spoken at home even though her parents were phennomanic.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

When planning a joint medical union to safeguard physicians' interests, Oker-Blom took part in the drafting of the rules and was elected unanimously in 1910 as the first president of the Finnish Medical Association.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

He held the position until his death [2].


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

The Finnish Medical Association has been giving out the Max Oker-Blom Prize for doctors or medical organisations since 2005, which is worth EUR 10000.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

The family Oker-Blom entered into a marriage with Anna Emilia, daughter of State Counsellor Wallenius, in 1890.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Their only child was businessman influenced Edgar Oker-Blom.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

[2] His son, Nils Oker-Blom, was again a doctor and became academician and archatrician.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Selected publications Hos morbror doktorn på landet.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

En bok för föräldrar, Helsingfors 1903.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Nervositet och uppfostran.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Fyra föredrag, Helsingfors 1903 Sexual-hygieniska spörsmål.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

För än och manlig ungdom, Helsingfors 1904.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Sexual-Hygieniska spörsmål.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

A för mödrar och unga kvinnor, Helsingfors 1904.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Sexual-Hygieniska spörsmål.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

För föräldrar och uppfostrare.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Några ord till gossar som fyllt 15 år, Helsingfors 1905.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Sexualhygieniska spörsmål.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

För äkta makar, Helsingfors 1906 De veneriska sjukdomarna och folkets hälsa.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

An uppdrag av Medicinalstyrelsen, Helsingfors 1906.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Könshälsolära.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

A för and manlig ungdom, Stockholm 1907.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Från hygienens fält.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Skolungdomens hälsovård.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Tre föredrag, Helsingfors 1908.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Vad Marta fick latch sig hos Morbror Doktorn på landet.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

En bok för föräldrar, Helsingfors 1908.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Handledning i sexuell undervisning och uppfostran, Helsingfors 1909.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Läkareyrket and dess etik, Helsingfors 1911.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Tuberculose.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Kort framställning till hemmens och skolornas tjänst, Skrifter utgivna av Svenska folkskolans vänner.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Häft 70, Helsingfors 1911.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Från läkarens fält.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

1, Helsingfors 1916.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Från läkarens fält.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

2, Helsingfors 1917.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Sources Hietala, Marjatta, Tieota, skill, expertise.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Helsinki in European Development 185-1917, Historical Archive 99:1 /SHS, Research at the City of Helsinki Information Centre 1992:5:1, Helsinki 1992.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Kokkinen, Susanna, Valo of Hygiene, Max Oker-Blom Enlightenment Literature at the beginning of the 20th century, University of Jyväskylä 2006.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom, Max, “How have I found my life career?


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

“, Otava.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Pictorial Monthly Magazine, October 1914.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Oker-Blom, Nils, “Max Oker-Blom 1863-1917.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

I forskningens och folkupplysningens tjänst”, Hippocrates.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Yearbook of the Society for the History of Medicine of Finland, Helsinki 1991.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

Stubb, Elisabeth, “Maximilian Oker-Blom (1863-1917) - Individens hygien, samhällskroppens välmåga”, Ätten Oker-Blom, Helsingfors 2009.


Question: When did Professor Oker-Blom die?

Max Oker-Blom

References Category:Persons of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Finland Category:Professors of the University of Helsinki Class:City of Helsinki Councillors Class:Finnish doctors Category:People born in 1863 Class:Persons who died in 1917 Class:Finnish professors


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The Finnish Navy includes the Coastal Forces and the Navy.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Most of the Finnish Navy has been part of the Finnish Navy.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

1927 combined the leadership ladder of coastal artillery and the navy, followed by 1933 the Finnish Navy became the established Finnish Navy.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Coastal defense performed by the naval forces was 1923—1927 divided into the Finnish Navy, Finnish Coastal Artillery and Finnish War Port.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

[1] The Navy was designated in 1952 as one of the three defence branches of Finland.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

There are 2300 people employed in the Navy.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Conscript service in the Navy is performed annually by 4300 conscripts.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Since the beginning of 2019, Flag Admiral Jori Harju has served as the commander of the naval forces.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The Naval Tasks Act on the Defence Forces (11 May 2007/551) provides for the tasks of the Armed Forces and from them the Navy participates in three entities: military defence, support for other authorities, and participates in international military crisis management.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

For the military defence of Finland, the Navy: responsible for national maritime surveillance and maritime intelligence, safeguards the territorial integrity of the kingdom in the maritime area, if necessary, by means of force, in joint action between the Air Force and Border Guard, mainly the Coast Guards with responsibility for securing the kingdom's maritime links and leading the protection of maritime traffic repels attacks through the maritime area in cooperation with other defence branches and the Border Guard to maintain a high level of readiness, develop naval tactics and ordnance as well as being responsible for their maintenance trains naval personnel needed and supports voluntary national defense training In addition, the Navy provides official assistance required by law to other authorities and participates in international military crisis management.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Naval Force Sections The Navy consists of a HQ and four troop detachments.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The HQ is located in Turku, in the Heikkilä barracks area, which serves about 230 people.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The Staff is headed by Chief of Staff Flag Admiral Timo Hirvonen and is divided into a seitemic department (Office, Personnel, Intelligence, Operational, Maintenance, Planning and Management Systems Departments).


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In addition, the HQ has 2 detached units, the Naval Information Technology Center and the Naval Ring Corps.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In addition, a military office located on the premises of the Finnish Finnish Transport Agency is located in Helsinki.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

[2] The Finnish Navy combines coastal forces from coastal artillery and other coastal defence and naval forces representing the fleet.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Naval units operated from two bases at Pansio and Upinniemi.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The fleet comprises 4.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Minenator Squadron, 6.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Surface Interceptor Squadron, 7.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Surface Interceptor Squadron and 8.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Maintenance Squadron.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Naval force divisions are: Coastal Fleet (Pansio, Turku) Coastal Brigade (Upinniemi, Kirkkonummi) Uusimaa Brigade (Dragsvik, Raasepori) Naval History of the Navy during the part of Finland several battles in the Gulf of Finland Against Russia.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

With naval detachments stationed at bases on the Finnish coast.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Russia established a Finnish marine epipase in Finland, tasked with coastal defence together with the Baltic Fleet.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

It participated in the Crimean, or Oolanni War, during which it occupied, among other things, the coastal batteries of Santahamina during the bombardment of Viapori.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Meriekipas' ships included Rurik and Kalevala, among others.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

From independence to the Peace of Tartu, the naval equipment of Independent Finland consisted of ships left in the country by Russia, which had not been able to be transported away during the winter.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

These included six S—class torpedo boats left in Helsinki, eight C—class torpedo boats and one mineship (M-1), two minelayer cruisers left at Pori (Klas Horn and Matti Kurki), gunboat Giljak in Turku and guard cruisers Tshirok and Filin (later Turunmaa and Karelia).


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In addition to these warships, another 15 tugs, an icebreaker, five T-class mineboats, 13 barges, two floating shipyards, two floating cranes, 17 thermal pontoons and eight liaison ships remained in Helsinki.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

[3] When Germany handed over to the Navy the gunboats in preparation at Helsinki and Turku shipyards, Uusimaa and Hämeenmaa, the naval force was greatly strengthened, since the two ships were the most powerful ships in the naval forces until the completion of Ilmarinen and Väinämöinen.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

[4] In accordance with the Tartu Peace Treaty, Finland returned S-boats S3, S4 and S6 to Soviet Russia, clearers Atair, Mikula, MP 7, MP 11, Ahvola and T 12, fifteen tugs, four contact boats and 54 motorboats.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

[5] From Peace of Tartu to Winter War The mobile part of the fleet was called the Coast Squadron from the early 1920s and its fleet consisted of the following ships from 1923 to 1925 [5]: gunboats Klas Horn, Matti Kurki, Uusimaa, Hämeenmaa, Turunmaa and Karelia torpedo boats S1, S2 and S5 motor torpedo boats MTV-1 and MTV-2 mineships M1, Rautu, Vilppula and Sveaborg as liaison boats with nine T-boats (Loimu, Lieska, Paukku, Bomb and Miina) as liaison boats five larger A-boats completed in 1915 as clearers 15 smaller A-boats completed 1910—1917 made a 1925 motion as the Naval Act, which envisaged the acquisition of two armoured ships, four submarines, four motor torpedo boats and a school ship.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The show was amended the following year with the addition of one armoured ship and 4—5 submarines.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In 1927, on the basis of the motions, the Naval Act was passed, under which two armoured ships were eventually built, becoming the heaviest ships of all time in the Navy, and five submarines, of which today no longer Vesikko remains.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The first ship built under the Naval Code was the submarine Vetehinen, which was at the same time the first warship built in independent Finland.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

[6] Väinämöinen, laid down in 1930, and Ilmarinen, which was laid down a year later, were modern in Nordic conditions at the time of their construction.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

They were the largest ships of the Finnish Navy throughout the ages.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Each of the ships was equipped with four 254-millimeter Bofors guns in two twin gun turrets.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The medium-heavy armament was formed by eight 105 millimeter guns in four twin turrets.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In addition, the ships carried a variable amount of lighter anti-aircraft armament.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The armoured ships were almost identical to each other.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

They were actually heavily armed ferries capable of operating in the shallow waters of the archipelago.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

However, they were slow and clumsy compared to the newest ships of the great powers.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

There has been a debate as to whether Finland became an investment in armoured ships in an ageing type of weapons for which the defence appropriations used would have become better utilised, for example, by deploying an air weapon or tanks.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

On the other hand, 1930 model aircraft or tanks would have been completely unusable in the Continuation War, while the tank ship was still considered by the Soviets to be a significant threat.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In 1936, all naval vessels whose name encompassed only the type letter and number were renamed with “proper” names, as serving on an impersonal named ship had been considered to lower the service motivation.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Winter War (1939—1940) At the outbreak of the Winter War, the Navy transported land force troops to the defences of the demilitarized Åland Islands.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Subsequently, its main function was to protect merchant shipping.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

During the first month of war, the Soviet Navy and the Finnish coastal defences clashed in Hanko, Uö and Koivisto, the latter of which a Soviet Navy battleship was damaged.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In December, ice prevented shipping except for icebreakers, so the armoured ships were moved to Turku to reinforce the city's air defenses.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Continuation War (1941—1944) During the Continuation War, the Navy grew in importance.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

On the eve of the Continuation War, the Finnish Navy occupied Åland with Operation Kilsailing.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

During the invasion phase, Finnish guard motorboats patrolled Soviet territorial waters, motor torpedo boats and submarines conducted long patrol expeditions, and mineships mined, in cooperation with Nazi Germany, the Gulf of Finland.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

So-called convoy operations were also carried out, i.e. warships escorted unarmed cargo and passenger ships [7].


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The saddest of naval warfare was the sinking of the Panzer Ship Ilmarinen in mid-September.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The ship took 271 men with it [8].


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The Lapland War (1944—1945) In the early stages of the Lapland War, the Navy hit the Germans back by making an invasion of Tornio from Oulu on 1 October.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

By the second half of the 1940s, more than 60,000 sea mines and clearance barriers had been laid in the Northern Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland during World War II.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Under the terms of the Moscow Intermediate Peace Agreement, which ended the Continuation War, Finland was tasked with carrying out the clearing of marine minefields in the Gulf of Finland.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

These mines were laid by Finland, Germany and the Soviet Union.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Between 1944 and 1948, with over 2000 men and 200 ships, a vast sea area was cleared from Peruka in the Gulf of Finland up to Åland to clean from mines laid during the war.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In this work 28 men lost their lives and 37 wounded.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

A clearer monument is located in Haapasaari, Kotka.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Individual mines have been found in the archipelagos of the Gulf of Finland even in the 21st century.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

[9] 1950s After the wars, the Control Commission called for coastal guns to be limited to 140 pieces and the removal of all guns over 120 mm from coastal bastions.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In addition, the submarines had to be decommissioned.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The most significantly limiting factor for the defence forces and naval forces was the Paris Peace Treaty.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

For example, many weapon types were banned like torpedo boats.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Minesweeping work also consumed naval assets.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The fleet was aged and handed over to the Control Commission e.g.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Panzer ship Väinämöinen in accordance with the terms of peace.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

After the war, the base areas were reduced and the school ship Suomen Joutsenen was converted into a seamen's school .In 1952, a new decree on the Navy was issued, which included two flags and two naval stations.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The Navy became one of the three defence branches of Finland.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

At the same time, coastal artillery was transferred to the Land Forces


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Porkkalan was restored in 1956 and the territorial waters expanded.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Expansions required new ships and coastal artillery restrictions lost relevance.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

The forts again began to be equipped with heavy and robust gunfleet.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Helsinki Naval Station was moved from Katajanokka to Upinniemi in 1959.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

[9] Two new Dark-class motor torpedo boats, operating as Vasama 1 and Vasama 2, were purchased from England in 1957.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

For 1955, further R-class clearers Rihtniemi and Rymättylä were acquired.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In addition, three new R-class clearers were built for minesweeping: Ruissalo, Raisio and Röyä, which were also suitable for guard boat duties.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

1960s Great Britain acquired a frigate used for the Navy in 1961 as a school ship, it operated under the name Matti Kurki.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

In addition, an Arrow-class motor gunboat squadron was completed in 1962, and two Riga-Iuoka escorts Uusimaa and Hämeenmaa were purchased from the Soviet Union in 1964 for the Navy.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Navy and Naval Commanders Naval Wartime Forces The Navy's planned wartime strength is 31500 persons.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Forces include: 2 missile boat squadrons 3 mine interceptor squadrons 2 minelayers 3 minelayers 2 coastal ice fighter battalions 6 coastal ice squadrons 2 coastal missile companies 4 marine combat missile batteries 4 fixed coastal artillery units 8 mobile Coastal artillery units Naval vessels Former ships Torpedo boat S2 1918—1925 Mineship Louhi 1918—1945 Submarine Saukko 1930—1945 Submarine Vesikko 1934—1945 Panzer ship Väinämöinen 1932—1947 Panzer ship Ilmarinen 1934—1941 Mineship Riilahti 1940— 1943 School ship Suomen Joutsen 1930—1955 Mineship Keihässalmi 1957—1994 Gunboat Karelia 1968—2001 Helsinki-class missile boats (Helsinki, Turku, Oulu, Kotka) Kiisla-class guard ships (Kiisla, Kurki) Mineship Pohjanmaa1979-2013 Divers carrier Walrsu? —2013 Current ships Miniships and ferries Hämeenma-class mineships (Hämeenmaa, Uusimaa) Pansio-class mine ferries (Pansio, Porkkala, Pyhäranta) Missile boats Rauma class missile boats (Rauma, Raahe, Porvoo, Naantali) Hamina class missile boats (Hamina, Tornio, Hanko, Pori) Minesweepers Katanpää class minesweepers (Katanpää, Purunpää, Vahterpää) Minesweepers Kuha-class minesweepers (Kuha 21—26) Kiiski-class minesweepers (Kiiski 1—7) Other ships Push-class command boats (Jymy, Raju, Kuhy, Vinha) Kampela-class transport ferries (Flounder 1—3) Vaal-class transport vessels (Vaarlahti, Vahakari, Valas, Vänö) Multi-role vessel Louhi, which is also the mother ship for divers Fabian Wrede class training vessels (690 Fabian Wrede, 691 Willhelm Carpelan, 692 Axel von Fersen) Kajava-class training vessels (Kajava) Jehu-class landings Jurmo-class troop carriers Uisko-class troop carriers L class fort boats G-boats Naval Other Equipment Marine Supply Missile 85 (MTO-85) 130 mm Tower Cannon (130 53 TK) 130 mm Coastal Cannon (130 K 54) 82 mm Fortress launcher (82 KRH 36 RT) Coastal Missile 06 (EuroSpike ER) Near future procurement The squadron 2020 project will build 4 Ostrobothnia class multi-role corvettes to replace 4 Rauma class missile boats and 2 Hämeenma-class mineships and a mineship already decommissioned Ostrobothnia.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

According to the plans, the ships will be usedin the years 2022-2027.


Question: How many barracks were there in Finland in 2018?

Finnish Navy

Ships using stealth technology will be the largest ever for the Navy [10] The total cost of the Squadron 2020 project is EUR 1.2 billion.