Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the recapture of Berlin.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy invasion, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring over 300 lives.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government informed Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

At the time Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

From Syvar, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is a distance of about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Of particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, In Äyräpe—Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The more than two-division-strong force that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasonen, according to which the Soviets aimed not at occupying Finland, but at peace, took place at the headquarters.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377, according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

On 2 September, Parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Finland had to reduce the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial losses for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outside, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The British government, in principle, did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomants' defeat 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Finnish aircraft of the Continuation War Offensive phase Continuation War Resistance solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel Diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of frontmen in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology | year = 2006| version = Doctoral dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kolin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyksi, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

E.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

(ed.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


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) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


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Continuation War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Drabkin, Artem & Irincheev, Bair (ed.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with the eyes of the Red Army| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kirin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, a film about JR 61 on the Syvärs and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, a film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: How long did the offensive phase of the Continuation War last?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Väinö Ilmari Riikkilä (10 June 1906, Loviisa — 6 September 1969 in Rauma) was a Finnish youth writer.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Childhood and adolescence Raikkilä had no other education in writing besides national school.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

He was 12 years old when he lost his father, who was active on the Reds side in the Civil War, in the remainder of 1918.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Due to the poverty of the family, as a child, he was forced to do hard work in a farmhouse for food and housing.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Of this phase reminiscent of slavery, he wrote only in his memoirs in 1968.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

This stage perhaps lies against the backdrop of nagging mothers and toned fathers in his boyhood books, for at the age of the heroes of the books, he had no parents nearby, there was only work and escape through folk school doctrine to the stories of the books.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

After the farmhouse threw him away because of a misdemeanor committed by another boy, he found work in a swim and sawmills.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Life was made easier when his mother remarried and moved to Eagle, allowing her to take the boy in.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

In adulthood Riikkilä worked and wrote in Karhula, whose Suulisniemi is the landscape of his boybooks.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

His writings were published in journals beginning in 1929.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

After moving to Helsinki, she received support from Z. Castren, director of the writing district at the Helsinki Workers' College, and Ilmari Jäämaa of the Young Voima Union.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Beginning in 1948, he, apart from few author-grant periods, earned his living in Rauma as a warehouse manager at a machine shop in Rauma-Repola.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Among the themes of his books is an accurate depiction of the work.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

He had also worked as a farmworker, ship warmer, construction worker, night watchman, and dance musician, for example.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

[1] Riikkilä's spouse was Meeri Blomqvist since 1933.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Two sons were born into the family.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Literary production Riikkilä's production consists of fifteen books, twelve of which are youth novels.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

[2] In this genre of literature, he achieved a very popular position.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

The Pertsa and Kilu stories are classics in their own genre.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

They have a detective plot carrying the story.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

The parents of children also play a significant role in the narratives and the way they are brought up becomes depicted in the novels.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

The first book by Pertsa and Kivu was completed in 1948, but it did not appear until 1951.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

The growth story of the six Pertsa and Kilu books is the boys' transition from home to even more spacious waters, and the dream of becoming a sailor was replaced by getting a boat and taking responsibility at all.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

In the 1970s, the Pertsa and Kilu books were made into a television series directed by Vili Auvinen.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

In 2000, Taavi Vartia made a new television series about Pertsa and Kilu, but it was not based on Raikkilä's texts.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Raikkilä wrote only two novels for adults.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

In addition, he wrote an autobiography and two plays.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

In magazines, his stories have been published in abundance.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Raikkilä was awarded the Medal of Arts of Western Finland by the newspaper in 1959.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

In addition, he received the Enlightenment Prize and the Youth Book Award.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

The title club Väinö Raikkilä was founded in Rauma in 1986.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

The first Pertsa and Kivu Award was presented in 1996.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Works The Last Khans, WSOY, 1951 Pertsa ja Kivu, WSOY, 1952 Smoke rose from the island, WSOY, 1952 By ferry over Enonselä, WSOY, 1953 Pertsa and Kiluu at sea, WSOY, 1953 Pertsa and Kivu as skippers, WSOY, 1955 Adventure's last cargo, WSOY, 1957 Man and factory, Y, 1957 Life begins at 4pm, WSOY, 1958 Iikka ja Vili, WSOY, 1959 Redhead Iikka, WSOY, 1960 Repa and Bugs, WSOY, 1964 Time men and bean wolf, WSOY, 1965 Repa pushes with guts, WSOY, 1966 Boy's Memoirs, WSOY, 1968 Ship Girl: A Play, 1961.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

The second name of the play was Spirit Hole, and it tells of the fact that the sea was a spirit hole for Riikkilä: a boat and a ship took man from work to another world.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Anchor watch: Retarded papers, Väinö Riikkilä Seura, 1992 Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Grünn, Karl| title = Finnish Youth Classics 1| number = Väinö Riikkilä| location = Helsinki| publisher = BTJ Library Service| year = 2000| version = Edited by Ismo Loivamaa| isbn = 951-692-482-4}} References Literature Riikkilä, Väinö: Anchor watch: Retarded papers.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Edited by Jouko Grönholm.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

Väinö Raikkilä Seura, Uotila, 1992.


Question: Where was Väinö Raikkilä born?

Väinö Raikkilä

ISBN 951-96462-0-5 On the topic elsewhere Parkkinen, Jukka: Category:Finnish writers for children and young people Category:People born in 1906 Class:Persons who died in 1969


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Visual art depicts, combines and composes perceptible elements such as shapes, dimensions, light and colours with an eye.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Traditional genres of fine art include sculpture, painting, drawing, printmaking, and photographic art.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Architecture is sometimes also read into the visual or visual arts, but not usually a design aimed at usable objects, which is combined with arts and crafts.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Along with the two-dimensional image, the third dimension of the image, space, is involved in areas such as sculpture and environmental art.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The fourth dimension, time, is also involved in works such as video art and performance.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

History History of art comprises the history of fine art on the basis of objects that have survived.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The history of art is often presented as a framework of canonized works on which it is built, with its continuum, transformations, refresher styles and technical experiments.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Renaissance artist Giorgio Vasari's Artist Biographies from Giotto to Michelangelo (1550) was an early character work in art history and a paragon for later art histories.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

[1] Free and applied arts The visual arts belong to the so-called liberal arts or fine arts (French.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

beaux-arts, engl.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

fine arts) tradition.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Along with them, there is also talk of applied arts.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Among other things, the various fields of arts and crafts are applied arts.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Fine arts are not tied to actual industrial production, whereas art products are normally designed in sets that are produced either by hand or industrially.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The art of fine arts also differs from different fields of craft in that handcrafted objects are created according to tradition with an emphasis on the skills of the hand.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Unlike, for example, dance or music, images and objects, or artifacts, have survived virtually unchanged for posterity.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The oldest surviving cave paintings are 30,000 years old.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The history of fine art follows periods of cultural change in human history, such as Byzantium, Renaissance or Modernism.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

In visual art, artistic developments are also noticeable, for example, Impressionism changed to post-impressionism when artists began to explore the use of colors by impressionists and the way they painted.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The study of art history has introduced meanings, terms and concepts of its own to visual art.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Modern art is dealing with many other sciences, such as philosophy, aesthetics, sociology or psychology.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Traditional and contemporary art Contemporary art is the art of our own time, a new art.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The use of the word became more common in the 1970s as the words modern art and modernism began to take on new meanings that had not previously been associated with them.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Contemporary art has fewer side notations as a concept and is more neutral than modern art.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Fine arts often talk about contemporary art and more traditional arts.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Visual art used to form a character language of its own autonomous and sometimes narrow knowledge.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Boundary fences between different fields of art were high.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Contemporary art is characterised by an open relationship with the culture of humanity.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Contemporary art works may appeal to senses other than the sense of sight and pure visuals.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Sound may be part of a work of art, as is movement or smell.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Words, concepts and theories are the material of modern art where the chisel, paintbrush, paint tube and photographic camera too.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

A work of contemporary art might be a performance in which persons speak, sing and dance.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Instead of a museum or gallery, fine art may be presented in a wilderness or park as environmental art, or in an apartment building as community art.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Fine art works are often used as starting points in various contexts, such as graphic design, advertisements and other design works, films and, say, website design.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Fine art serves as a source of innovation for those in many professions.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Fine arts as a general education subject in schools In 1999, the name of the subject subject in Finnish primary schools changed from visual arts to visual arts.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The pictorial skills designation was introduced in the early 1950s.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

It was preceded from the 19th century by drawing or illustration that were the names of the subject.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The purpose of visual arts as a subject is to provide tools for the pupil's visual expression and to develop the pupil's aesthetic capabilities and pictorial thinking.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

The subject's content includes, but are not limited to, image expression and pictorial thinking, knowledge of art and cultural competence, environmental aesthetics, architecture and design, and media and image communication.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Fine arts as a school subject is part of art education.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Fine art areas Traditional visual art or visual arts guild division Painting Drawing Printmaking Sculpture New areas of art Installation art Performance art Photography and photography Community art Environmental art Sound art Comics Animation Media art Video art Computer art periphery Art Art Art Art brut Art brut Primitive art Enthusiast art Design and applied arts Design Arts and crafts Ceramics Textile Arts and crafts Graphic Design Illustration Cartoon Heraldry Calligraphy See also Film Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Billgren, Ernst| title = What is art and a hundred other reality questions | location = Helsinki| publisher = Works| year = 2010| version = (Vad är konst och 100 andra wasteviktiga frågor, 2009.)


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Translated by Martti Anhava| id = ISBN 978-951-851-279-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cumming, Robert| title = Art| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2009| version = (Art, 2005.)


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Translated by Ilona Räihä| id = ISBN 978-951-0-34569-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gerlings, Charlotte| title = 100 art master| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2008| version = (100 Great Artists.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

A Visual Journey from Fra Angelico to Andy Warhol, 2005.)


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Translated by Mirja Muurinen| id = ISBN 978-951-20-7580-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gombrich, E. H.| title = History of World Art | location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1980| version = (The Story of Art, 1950.)


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Translated by Sakari Saarikivi| id = ISBN 951-0-10033-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Art Giant| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1991| id = ISBN 951-0-16447-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bump, Seppo & Vartiainen, Liisa & Viitanen, Pirjo| title = Fine Arts.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

Visual Culture Handbook | location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| id = ISBN 978-951-0-21559-3}} On topic elsewhere.


Question: What era of art preceded contemporary art?

Visual arts

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Printing is a way of forming an image on a smooth surface, most often paper or canvas.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

History The art of printing made the duplication of knowledge fast and, above all, cheap.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The art of printing has been said to be one of the greatest inventions in the world.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The art of printing made it possible to shape a person's perception of themselves and the world around them.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Literacy and book printing skills developed together.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Without the art of printing, universities wouldn't have evolved either.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

So printmakers sprang up where there were universities.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Woodcuts in Europe as a precursor to the art of printing was woodcut printing, which either migrated to Europe from China or was invented independently.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

In woodcut printing, book printing products were made by engraving a page (or image) on a wooden board and using it for duplication.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

This was done, among other things, depictions of saints with explanations (the so-called biblia pauperum).


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The woodcut printing technique was significantly better suited to Chinese writing, where there is a very large number of different characters, than for the Latin character set.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Wooden tiles were used in Egypt for printing cloth as early as the fourth century.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Printing on wooden tiles was called tarsh in Arabic.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The woodcut method used to print prayers and amulets.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Printing slabs were also made of tin, lead, and fired clay.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Although printing woodcuts came through Morocco to Europe, the use of metallic bulk letters probably spread through the Middle East from China.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

[1] Paper in Fès of Morocco, Al-Karaouine University needed paper for books.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

According to Ibn Battuta, there were “400 millstones for the manufacture of paper” in Fès al Bali in the 14th century.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Paper was exported from here to Al-Andalus in the Iberian Peninsula until paper manufacturing later spread along with the art of printing to other parts of Europe.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

[2] The great upheaval of bulk font book printing in Europe was the invention of bulk fonts in the 15th century, when the same typeface could be used again and again to make many and different book printing products.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

In China, the same technique had been developed even earlier, Bi Sheng (990—1051), born in Huanggang, is mentioned as the inventor.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

[3] Bi Sheng's invention was born in 1041... 1048 share.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

and the typefaces used in his printing machine were made of Chinese porcelain.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Johannes Gutenberg is considered to be the European inventor of the art of printing.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

He began casting typefaces out of metal.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Bulk fonts accelerated the making of the page substantially compared to having each page engraved as a separate sheet of wood or metal.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Gutenberg and Peter Schöffer, an associate of his business partner Johann Fust, improved typeface whaling and printing ink.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

In 1462 both the Gutenberg and Fust-Schöffer printings burned down.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

This resulted in the dispersal of workmen to different European countries and at the same time the spread of printing skills.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The new upheaval in printing occurred with the advent of the typesetting machine.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Previously, barnmakers had in book printing put typefaces one by one on printing plates.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Printing like that was extremely laborious.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

In 1886, Ottmar Mergenthaler presented to the publishers of the New York Tribune the barn machine he had developed.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The machine did the work of seven professional typesetters automatically assembling a line of fonts, “a line o' types”, on the printing plate, from which the method received the name Linotype.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The barns were vehemently opposed to typesetting machines, which greatly slowed the generalization of Linotype.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

In the long run, however, the development was not stoppable.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The barn machine is to thank the newspapers and books available for purchase by ordinary people and the gradual disappearance of illiteracy.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

[4] Printing press A printing press is a device used for printing magazines, books, brochures and packaging.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

There are many different types of printing machines and are suitable for different purposes.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Printing machines can traditionally be classified according to the type of material used, so-called sheet printing machines and rotational machines whose paper is fed from a roll.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Sheet printing is more common in printing books and packaging, for example newspapers are made in rotational printing.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Various printing methods include offset flexo printing gravure printing letterpress series printing (silkscreen) tampon printing.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Digital Printing Methods Today, different digital printing methods have come alongside traditional printing methods, in which case printing the blank directly on paper.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Printing methods in this case include elcography, electrophotography, electrography, ionography, magnetography, inkjet and thermography, the most common of which are electrophotography and inkjet.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Thermography may also be used for printing receipts, for example.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

In the 1980s, the change in printing technology affected the entire structure of print media in England, for example.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

New media emperors, Rupert Murdoch for example, rose to power and decoupled the magazine and its printing.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

A digitally loaded magazine could be printed at the time, where it is most affordable.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

This improved the profitability of the magazines and led to a greater concentration of ownership of the main magazines.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Digital printing and online magazines, meanwhile, have introduced new actors in the publication of books and journals.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Online magazines have grown in popularity from 2007 to 2012.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Ilkka Herlin founded New Finland again exclusively as an online magazine in 2007.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

For example, the online versions of the New York Times and Merchant Magazine have become paid in 2011 and 2012, a new phenomenon in the field of online magazines, when previously their earning logic was based on advertisements.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

In the same decade, online magazines are turning into applications that can be run on a variety of computers and smartphones without an Internet browser.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

This represents a new trend in leaf distribution.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Printing machine brands Heidelberg MAN Roland Ryobi Wifag Komori Goss KBA Historia Pohjola The first book printed in Sweden dates from 1483.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The oldest printed book commissioned for Finland is Missale Aboense, printed in 1488 in Lübeck, and the first book in Finnish printed in Stockholm in 1542 or 1543 by Mikael Agricola's Abckiria.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The first printing printing in Finland was established in connection with the Academy of Turku in 1642.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

It was founded by Peder Eriksson Wald (1603—1653), a Stockholm book printer.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

However, printing operations were so small in Finland that at first typefaces in Turku printing were only enough to print half a page at once.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Elsewhere in Europe, printing works commonly operated even in relatively small towns.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

The Second Printing Printing of Turku was established in 1668 and the Vyborg Book Printing in 1689.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

[5] Book printers in Finland in the 1600s to 1700s [6] [7] [8] Printing technology Letterpress Offset printing Rotational printing Deep weight Flexoweight Series printing Digital printing Paper See also Graphic technology Incunabel Chemigraphy Record production Safety printing Typography Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jäntti, George A.| title = History of printing proficiency | location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1940}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Popp, Georgia (ed.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

) | title = Giants| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1960}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gardberg, Carl-Rudolf| title = Printing in Finland I| location = Helsinki| publisher = Helsinki Graphic Club| year = 1949}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gardberg, Carl-Rudolf| title = Book Printing in Finland II| location = Helsinki| publisher = Helsinki Graphic Klubi| year = 1957}} References On the topic elsewhere.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

(Finnish Literature Society).


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Glossary of the EU Council.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

Aboa Vetus and Ars Nova.


Question: How do you print a book?

Printing

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Courtship refers to measures to try to force another human, group of people or animal into order or follow the rules, in a situation where a rule violation has occurred or is about to occur.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

It is typical for the subject of discipline to be in a subordinate position.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

The concept of discipline referring to the word kuri has been used in several contexts and, depending on its intended use, it has slightly different things intended.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Discipline, in most of its uses, refers to the order created by the external coercion and exercise of power, often through physical violence or threat thereof, by another human being or group of people (esm.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

church discipline, school discipline, party discipline, military discipline, cf.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

discipline).


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

The Finnish proverbs and the Bible also know the discipline “Whoever grows up, he will die without honor.”


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

In the Book of Proverbs, the matter is indicated somewhat differently in the words “Whoever jokes saves, he hates his child; but whoever loves him, he shall discipline him in time” (Snl.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Often, discipline or bodily discipline refers specifically to the maltreatment of a child aimed at achieving an educational goal by means of physical violence.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Corporal discipline was banned in state schools as early as June 6, 1914 [1].


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

In Finland, the debate on the justification and necessity of bodily discipline was particularly lively at the end of the 1970s.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

In Finland, parental discipline was removed from the Penal Code 1979, and in early 1984 corporal discipline was banned completely as another country in the world.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

[2] In Sweden, discipline was already outlawed in 1979, before which it had not been banned in any country.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Finnish law on child custody and right to visit sets the following goal for upbringing: “The child must be raised in such a way that the child receives understanding, security and affection.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

A child must not be subjugated, bodily disciplined or treated in any other way offensively.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

“[3] [4] [5] Courtship in Finland prohibited bodily discipline of children in 1984.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

[6] Legislation in Finland starts from the fact that children have the same rights to be protected from violence as adults.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Violence against children, including bodily discipline, constitute assault, or aggravated assault under the Criminal Code, provided that the child is maimed.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Even mild assault on a person under 18 years of age or in an intimate relationship is an offence subject to an official charge.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

This implies that the official prosecutor can call for the perpetrator to be sentenced to punishment, even if the victim of the assault does not require it.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Under the Child Welfare Act, every state, municipal and parish employee has the obligation to report a child in apparent need of child protection to the municipal child protection.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Initially, the Criminal Code (39/1889) stipulated that if a child between 7 and 15 years old had committed an offence, the parent or in whose care and powers the child is in the care and control of the child, or the executive authority to hold it in the room.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

[7] The Assault Chapter provided that if, in exercising his powers of discipline, the disciplinary has only suffered a minor injury or no injury at all, no punishment should be sentenced.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

[8] A person who unduly disciplined could be deprived of the right of representation.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Courtship violence in Finland, the Confederation of Child Welfare has suggested that instead of discipline violence, because it is clearly a crime, violence against a defenceless child.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

The word was developed by Heikki Sariola, a specialist in the union.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

According to both the latest nationwide child victim survey (Ellonen et al. 2008) “Child and Adolescent Violence Experiences" [9] and studies in adults (e.g.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

A study by the Confederation of Child Welfare Omnibus [10] women and mothers use bodily violence in raising children more often than men.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

More common violent acts against children include being blocked and shoplifting or punching, for example, in the face or fingers.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

These are also acts that women, according to studies, commit more often than men.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Women appear to be opposed to discipline violence against a child more generally than men (women 19%, men 32%), but at the level of acts they use discipline violence against children more often than men.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

For example, nearly 60 per cent of women supported their child, half of male respondents.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Women also, for example, tap their child on the fingers more often than men (women 33%, men 27%).


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

It should be noted that the differences between male and female behavior are statistically significant.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

So-called spanking, i.e. hitting the back or butt with various instruments, men and women are guilty equally often. [10] [11].


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

The violent behavior of women seems to be particularly emphasized by poor control of one's own emotions and impulse control [12] when the surface burns hitting the child [10] [11].


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

This trait has also come to light in other cases of domestic violence committed by women.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

[13] Finns seem to accept violence against a child anyway.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

For example, so-called spanking is considered by half of respondents to be bodily discipline, not assault.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Supporting a child is also common, 62% and even slapping is not violence but bodily discipline.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

50% of Finns support their children, 27% tap on fingers, 16% slap, 12% pinch, and 7% spank their children.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Even life-threatening shaking of a baby or child does not consider a third of Finns to be abusive.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

[10] [11] Courtship as a manifestation of black upbringing culture Courtship is part of the so-called black pedagogy and educational culture, and its defence easily confuses the concepts of coercion and violence under the assumption that coercion of a child should mean intentional infliction of pain or in extreme form assault of a child for punitive purposes.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Often in the area of black educational culture and pedagogy, artificially scarce options such as “It is better to discipline and love the child than to leave him completely thrown” [3] [4] [5].


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

(This is an argumentation error called dilemma error layout — assuming there are no options other than abuse and neglect in child-rearing).


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

The cycle of violence also seems to act as a sustaining force for black education culture, because the beating itself has been taken, the tradition has the right to continue, meaning the damage can be put into circulation.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

This is also a phenomenon identified in the studies: victims who have been abused in childhood up to broken bones may, as adults, defend the violence they experience [3] [14].


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

They state that they deserved discipline for being so wild or disobedient.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Children who have been bodily disciplined as adolescents also sensitively use violence against their own children as adults without thinking about the meaningfulness of violence in their upbringing.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Effects of discipline on child development Violence, whether physical (producing pain to the child) or social (humiliating a child, creating fear states by threatening or intimidating) causes anger and defiance in the child on the one hand, and on the other hand a contradictory signal: a person who forms the closest human relationship to him, causing him insecurity and mischief.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

If the physical pain and the emotional violence associated with it are sufficiently intense, the result usually results in discouragement and blind submission: the child considers that he is completely at the mercy of his parent and obeys it out of fear of violence.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

This also brings about blind obedience: a child only obeys an adult because an adult says so; his own sense of morality and perception of right and wrong remain completely undeveloped.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Likewise, violence gives him a signal that it's perfectly socially acceptable for bigger ones to hit, prop up and beat their smaller ones.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Discipline has a devastating effect on the development of empathy: children with violent upbringing themselves are more readily guilty of violent crime, school bullying and property crimes than those who have not been raised with bodily discipline.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

They are unable to empathize with another person's position and experience how they feel because they have internalised violence as a natural, relevant thing, which is a perfectly permissible way of interpersonal relationships.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

As a parent (around 10—12 years of age), discipline causes the child to adopt the so-called Spartan morality: everything is allowed to be done, but you must not be caught and instead of understanding right and wrong, direct their mental resources towards how not to get caught or how one can avoid punishment.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

The study on bodily discipline can be summed up briefly: discipline and violence are nothing but harm to the child.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Discipline does not achieve any educational benefit and only yields either eye worship or blind obedience without one's own judgment.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Violence traumatizes, increases adolescent and adulthood aggression, and harms extend into adulthood [3] [5] [14].


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

For example, a longitudinal study by Lea Pulkkinen's research group in Finland has revealed that the characteristics of growth conditions that support positive development were found to be a good relationship between parents, a good relationship of the child with his father, the mother's caring and encouragement, and the negative of the parents attitude towards bodily discipline.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

The damaging nature of the discipline is very clear from a research point of view.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

[15] Pediatrics Professor Carole Jenny estimated in 2008 that the impact of abuse and trauma experienced as a child can extend up to 50 years as mental health problems, alcoholism or cardiovascular disease.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

[16] See also Violence Domestic violence Assault Child abuse Child abuse Baby shaking Corpse punishment Sources Literature Miller, Alice: In the beginning was upbringing.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

(Am Anfang war Erziehung, 1980.)


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Translated by Mirja Rutanen.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

WSOY, Helsinki 1985.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

ISBN 951-0-12888-0 Miller, Alice: Break down the wall of silence.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

(Abbruch der Schweigemauer.)


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Translated by Leena Vallisaari.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

WSOY, Helsinki 1991.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

ISBN 951-0-16981-1 Mitgutsch, Waltraud Anna: Who jokes to save.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

(Die Züchtigung, 1985.)


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

Translated by Liisa Ryymä.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

WSOY, Helsinki 1989.


Question: Is physical discipline legal in the EU?

Chastising

ISBN 951-0-15512-8 On the topic Elsewhere Category:Child Welfare Category:Key articles in screening


Question: How long is the Isère River?

Isère (river)

The Isère [izˈ] is a 286 kilometre-long tributary of the Rhône in southeastern France, [1] in the administrative region of the Rhône-Alpes.


Question: How long is the Isère River?

Isère (river)

It originates in the Alps of the Italian border, near the ski resort of Val d'Isère, and descends to the Rhône at Pont-de-l'Isère.


Question: How long is the Isère River?

Isère (river)

Tributaries of the river include the Arly, the Arc and the Drac.


Question: How long is the Isère River?

Isère (river)

The department of Isère is named after the river.


Question: How long is the Isère River?

Isère (river)

The Isère flows across the following departments and towns: Savoie: Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Albertville Isère: Grenoble Drôme: Romans-sur-Isère Sources Category:Rivers of France Category:Rhone body of water


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Claude Giroux (born January 12, 1988 in Hearst, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who serves as captain of NHL team Philadelphia Flyers.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He is considered one of the best centerbacks in the world and a figurehead for the Flyers.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux is a central striker in his playing position, but played between 2008 and 2011 mostly as a wide receiver, due to the team's ample centre-forward situation.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He shoots from the right.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

The strengths of the compact and versatile striker are in game intelligence, racket handling and playmaking.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

His strengths also include superiority play and shot play.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Weaknesses are due to the small size in angular situations.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[1] Career Junior career Giroux started hockey in his hometown of Hearst and played Bantam A for the Hearst Lumber Kings (NOHA) during the 2001—02 season.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

The family moved to Orleans in the summer of 2002.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[2] There he played Major Bantam AA and Minor Midget AA for the Cumberland Barons and was the team's top pointman in the 2002—03 and 2003—04 seasons.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[2] He was reserve-eligible for the OHL in 2004, but remained without a reserve.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[3] In the 2004—05 season, Giroux played for Cumberland Grads.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Although he missed most of the season due to mononucleosis, 40 points were generated in 48 games.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux was named the CJHL's Rookie of the Year.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Despite this, he was still not booked into the OHL.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[2] As a free agent, Giroux was invited to the QMJHL's Gatineau Olympiques training camp for a try-out, and soon received a contract.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In his rookie season at Olympiques, Giroux was the team's top point man, scoring powerplays of 39+64=103 in 69 games and was selected as the QMJHL's rookie of the year.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He was drafted in the first round by the Philadelphia Flyers as the 22nd player of the 2006 NHL draft.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[1] In the 2006—07 season, Giroux, who served as vice-captain of Olympiques, again won the team points exchange with powers of 48+64=112.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He also played five games the rest of the season for the Flyers farm team Philadelphia Phantoms in the AHL.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In July 2007, Giroux signed a three-year rookie contract with the Flyers.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[4] Giroux started the 2007—08 season at Olympiques.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He played two NHL games in the season for the Philadelphia Flyers, after which he was sent back to Olympiques.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux debuted in the NHL on February 19, 2008 against the Ottawa Senators and was the team's first shooter in the winning goal race.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[5] At Olympiques, Giroux was the team's top point man in the regular season for the third consecutive time, this time with powers of 38+68=106.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He finished second in the overall QMJHL points exchange behind Mathieu Perreault.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In the playoffs, Giroux led the team to the championship making insane power-ups of 17+34=51 in 19 playoff games, setting a new club record.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He was awarded as the most valuable player of the playoffs with the Guy Lafleur Trophy.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In addition, Giroux was selected for the first constellation field in the series.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[1] Pro career At the conclusion of training camp, Giroux was sent by the Flyers at the start of the 2008—09 season to the Philadelphia Phantoms of the AHL.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[1] He adapted well to the professional level, and in December 2008 he was selected as Rookie of the Month.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux was called up to the NHL after the Christmas break and played there the rest of the season.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

On December 31, he scored his first point in the NHL by pitching Jeff Carter's hit against the Vancouver Canucks.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux scored his opening goal on January 27, 2009, behind Tomáš Vokoun of the Florida Panthers.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In his debut season in the NHL in 42 games, Giroux scored power-ups of 9+18=27 and in six playoff games a power of 2+3=5.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[1] The Flyers were in a mixed situation for the majority of the 2009—10 season.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux was, for most of the season, a centre-forward for another promising player, James van Riemsdyk.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Despite difficulties, the team climbed to the playoffs with a last-game victory, when it defeated the New York Rangers in the winning goal race with Giroux scoring the winning goal.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux scored a lot of points in the opening round of the playoffs against the New Jersey Devils, who were dropped by the Flyers with match-winning 4—1.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In the next round, the Flyers made history by rising from a 3—0 loss position in the series to an extension in seven games, advancing to the Eastern Conference Finals against the Montreal Canadiens.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

The Flyers advanced from the pair of games with match-winning 4—1 and faced the Chicago Blackhawks in the Stanley Cup Finals.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux scored a 4—3 winning goal in the third game of the finals in overtime.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

The Flyers lost the Finals 4—2 as Chicago won the sixth game in overtime.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In 23 games of the playoffs, Giroux scored power-ups of 10+11=21 and rose to the consciousness of the NHL.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

A month from the start of the 2010—11 season, Giroux signed a three-year contract with the Flyers that guaranteed him $3.75 million in seasonal income.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[6] In January 2011, Giroux was selected for the NHL constellation title.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He made the final breakthrough making 82 games with power-ups of 25+51=76 and in 11 games of the playoffs with power-ups of 1+11=12.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[1] He was the top point man in both the regular season and the playoffs as the Flyers fell in the second round to the Boston Bruins.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

After the Flyers traded Jeff Carter and Mike Richards in the summer of 2011, Giroux was placed in a role as the team's number one center striker for the 2011—12 season.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

After the departures of Richards and Carter, Giroux became the second-longest-serving player to remain at the Flyers and was made the team's vice-captain.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux's chain gained the nickname G-line that season, with Jaromír Jágr and Scott Hartnell playing in addition to Giroux.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux led the NHL points exchange for most of the season and was considered the number one choice at the time of the constellation match to win the Hart Memorial Trophy given to the most valuable player in the NHL regular season.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[7] He missed the regular season, however, finishing 16 points behind Yevgeny Malkin, who won the Hart Trophy.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

On April 13, 2012, Giroux scored his first helmet trick in the second game of the first round of the playoffs against the Pittsburgh Penguins.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[8] He scored six power points in the same game and set the Flyers' follow-up record for the most in a Stanley Cup playoff game as a player scoring points.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[8] After the Flyers dropped, the Penguins were matched by the New Jersey Devils in the Eastern Conference semifinal.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In the fourth game of the series, Giroux tackled Dainius Zubrus in the head and received a one-game ban.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[9] The Flyers fell in Game 5, with Giroux being the team's most effective player in the regular season (in 78 games power-ups of 28+65=93) and in the playoffs (in 10 games power-ups of 8+9=17).


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux led the playoff points exchange for another two weeks after the Flyers fell.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

After the season, Giroux had both wrists operated on; the right due to fractured cartilage and the left to remove broken bones.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[10] He later claimed Sidney Crosby swung his bat over his wrists during starts several times in the first-round series against the Penguins.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[11] In June 2012, Giroux was selected at the NHL Awards Gala in Las Vegas for the cover of NHL 13, the latest version of the NHL franchise.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

He became the first Flyers player since Eric Lindros to get on the cover of a game.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[12] [13] For the duration of the 2012—13 NHL lockout, Giroux and teammate Daniel Brière played for Eisbären Berlin in the German DEL league.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[14] In his ninth game, he sustained an injury to his neck and shoulder, which was initially feared as a concussion.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[15] Giroux returned to North America and did not play again during the lockout.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Following the end of the lock, Giroux was named the 19th captain in Flyers history on January 15, 2013, replacing long-injured Chris Pronger.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[16] The 2012—13 stubby season got Giroux off to a modest start as he scored just seven points in his first 13 games.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[17] Giroux's season was turned on its head when the underperforming Jakub Voráček was also transferred to his chain.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

From February 12 to the end of the regular season, Giroux was the fourth most effective player in the series.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[17] In 48 games, he scored power-ups of 13+35=48, but failed to help the Flyers to the playoffs, which it missed out on for the first time since the 2006—07 season.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

In July 2013, Giroux signed an eight-year and $66.2 million extension contract with the Flyers.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[18] The 2013—14 season for the Flyers and Giroux got off to a bad start, with the Flyers winning only one out of eight games and Giroux scoring seven assists in his first 15 games.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Later, Giroux and the Flyers improved their grip.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux's season took off properly on the rise after he was left as one of the toughest names out of the Canadian national team at the Sots Olympics in 2014.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

At the close of the regular season, Giroux was at 28+58=86, third in the NHL point exchange after Sidney Crosby and Ryan Getzlaf.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

After a one-year break, the Flyers made it back to the playoffs, but were knocked out in the first round to the New York Rangers.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

Giroux was nominated for the second time in his career for the Hart Trophy and also for the Ted Lindsay Award, both of which lost to Crosby.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

The national team Giroux played in World Cup competitions in 2013, 2015 and 2017, Giroux was selected among Canada's top three players as the country won gold in 2015.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

[1] Giroux played at the European Under-20 World Championships in 2008, winning gold.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

With powers of 2+4=6, he was Canada's second-best point man along with two other players.


Question: Where was Claude Giroux born?

Claude Giroux

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Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft or DMG for short was a German company producing engines and vehicles between 1890 and 1926.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

The company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach and its first location was in Cannstatt (now Bad Cannstatt, a self-governing area within the Metropolis of Stuttgart).


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

Gottlieb Daimler died in 1900.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

In 1903, after the original premises were destroyed by fire, the company's business was moved to Untertürkheim (now a self-governing area within the Metropolis of Stuttgart) and further to Berlin, in 1922.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

The company also had production facilities in Marienfelde (present-day Berlin Metropolitan Borough), as well as in the town of Sindelfingen, near Stuttgart.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

The company's original operating idea was to produce gasoline-powered engines, but with the agreement between Wilhelm Maybach and Emil Jellinek, a small batch of racing cars were also produced, which were very successful.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

Enthusiastic about this, the company decided, in 1902, to start manufacturing cars called Mercedes.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

Subsequently, automobile manufacturing grew and they became DMG's main product.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

The company manufactured a number of different models during its lifetime.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

In response to the German economic depression following World War I, DMG merged in 1926 with Benz & Cie.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

company, forming a company called Daimler-Benz AG, which manufactured vehicles under the Mercedes-Benz name.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

In 1998, the company merged into itself with the American Chrysler Corporation and was renamed DaimlerChrysler.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

Following Chrysler's demise in 2007, the company's name was changed to Daimler AG.


Question: Where was DMG founded?

Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft

Daimler, Maybach, and the Genesis of DMG In 1882, both Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach resigned from the service of Nikolaus Otto's Deutz AG Gasmotorenfabrik company.