Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

[17] Extensive parts of the law of Moses are cultic in nature.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

It has detailed provisions on offerings and religious holidays, among other things.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The Act also contains religious provisions regarding permitted and prohibited food [18] and purity regulations.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

In many respects, the provisions of the Law of Moses for punishing crimes resemble the law of Hammurabi.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The similarity lies in particular with the talio principle that punishments must be served in the same amount and in the same form as the crime committed, [19] which in the books of Genesis is expressed three times in the words eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

[20] [21] [22] Under both laws, however, punishment under this principle could in some cases be replaced by a fine.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

[19] However, a notable difference between the law of Moses and Hammurabi is that the punishment under the law of Hammurabi was usually determined by the magnitude of the damage inflicted by the offence, according to the law of Moses on how much the offender was considered to be violating against God.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The law of Hammurabi seems clearly drawn up by lawyers, the law of Moses, on the other hand, strongly religious in nature and emphasising ethical considerations.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

[19] Murder The law of Moses contained a lot of statutes concerning the taking of human life.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The law distinguished between intentional and accidental slaying.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

When someone said he was an unintentional killer, his claims were challenged if he had previously hated the slain [23] [24] he had stalked his victim [25] or he had used an object or instrument capable of causing fatal injury [26].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If the master killed his slaves, then the master was subject to a death sentence [27].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

When someone was guilty of intentional murder, they were sentenced to death and could not be released by any means, only his own life could conceal the death of the victim [28].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

After questioning the murderer, magistrates then handed him over to a vigilante who was a close relative of the victim.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

A murderer was killed by a vigilante [29].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

No one could be convicted of murder on the basis of indirect evidence alone; at least two eyewitnesses were required [30].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

A slayer who had done his act by accident may have survived if he took advantage of certain safeguards provided by the Law [31].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Some deliberate acts that indirectly caused or could have caused the death of another human being were equated with intentional murder.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

For example, if the owner knew that his bulls used to butt, and the owner ignored it and the bull pouted the person to death, the owner could be killed.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

In some cases, the owner of the bull survived by paying a ransom.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Apparently the judges take into account the circumstances [32].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Also, a person who conspired to kill someone else by giving false testimony about him came to death himself [33].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Self-defense was permitted by the law of Moses.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

For example, a person was permitted to protect his property, albeit with certain restrictions.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If a thief broke into a home during the day and the owner of the house killed the thief, then the owner became a blood debt.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If a thief was killed by the master of the house at night, the slayer did not become blood debts.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The reason, apparently, was that during the day the thief could be identified and brought to justice.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

At night it was difficult to know what the burglar came to do and whoever killed the intruder was considered innocent [34].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Rape The law of Moses was absolute when it came to rape.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The rapist had to be put to death.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Rape was compared in law to murder [35].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Israeli soldiers were not allowed to rape their POWs either.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Kidnapping Under the law, kidnapping was a crime, resulting in the death penalty.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If someone kidnapped a man as his slave or sold him forward, the abductor had to be put to death [36].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Theft Act prohibited stealing [37].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Depending on what was stolen, the thief had to give his victim a double, four- or five-fold compensation.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If the thief was unable to pay compensation, he was sold as a slave and released after making full compensation [38].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The law protected the victim and guaranteed that she was compensated for her loss.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The Bribery Act outright prohibited taking bribes.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The law warned that the bribe would blind judges.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

This would prevent an impartial trial [39].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The law required judges to be impartial and treat people equally [40].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The Laws of War Conquest of the Promised Land required wars to be fought, but warfare was guided by the laws of war.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The godlessness of some of the nations of the Canaan land mentioned by name had come to its full extent, and their cities were to be absolutely destroyed, but those cities which did not belong to these nations had to be offered alternatives to surrender or destruction.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If the city surrendered, the inhabitants were put into forced labor.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

However, the law insisted that slaves should be treated thoughtfully as well.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The law protected women in cities overrun in the war from being harassed.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

God demanded purity from soldiers [41].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Sexual intercourse made the man unclean under the law until the next day.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

For example, both David and Uuria carefully avoided having sexual relations while in war service [42] [43] [44].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

So Israeli men were not allowed to rape the women of the cities they conquered.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If an Israeli soldier wanted to marry a female prisoner, he had to wait a month before he was allowed to do so [45].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If the cities refused to surrender, all men were to be put to death and only infants and women who had not been in sexual relations with men were spared.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

[46] Conscription Men were admitted to war service from the age of 20.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

According to Josephus, they served until the age of 50 [47].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The fearful and macaws were abandoned because they would have undermined the morale of the army.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Men who had just finished the new house were released from service.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Those who had planted the vineyard, but had not yet enjoyed its fruits, were also exempted from war service.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The rationale was that man had the right to enjoy the fruits of his labor.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The man who just married was released for a year.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The reason for the release was that during the year a man could have a descendant and see him.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Thus God showed that he would take care of the family and pay attention to it [48].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The Levites who cared for the temple were exempted from the war effort, which showed God attaching greater importance to human spiritual well-being than military defense [49].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Laws on attacking cities When Israel set out to conquer the promised land, God issued laws for attacking and besieging.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The Seven Nations of Canaan [50] were to be completely eradicated [51].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

They were not presented with terms of peace.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Their depraved culture was to blame.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Henry H. Halley's Biblical Manual [52] says that archaeologists discovered at Megiddo the ruins of the temple of Astoret, the goddess consort of Baal.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

He writes: “Just steps away from this temple was a cemetery where several pots containing the remains of infants sacrificed in this temple were found.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

— — The prophets of Baal and Astoret were official murderers of infants.” “Another scandalous custom were the so-called 'base sacrifices'.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

When a house was to be built, a child was sacrificed, and its body laid in a wall.”” Excavations in Palestine have found piles of ash and remains of tiny skeletons in cemeteries around pagan altars, indicating that this cruel abhorrence was widely practiced .” Another work of history states: “The Canaanites worshipped by surrendering to immoral pleasures before their gods — which they had a religious ritual — and then murdering their firstborn children as an offering to these same gods.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

It seems that the land of Canaan had to a large extent become a kind of Sodom and Gomorrah in national measure.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

— — Did such a disgustingly filthy and brutal culture no longer have any right to exist?


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

— — Archaeologists conducting excavations on the ruins of Canaanite cities wonder that God did not destroy them sooner [53].” Other peoples were first warned and then presented with peace terms [54].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

If the city surrendered, its inhabitants were spared and were put into forced labor.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The prospect of surrender and the knowledge that women would not be raped encouraged cities to surrender and avoid much bloodshed.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

However, if the city did not surrender, Israel went to war.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The men of the town were to be killed in the war.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The reason was that the city could no longer rise in rebellion or retaliate against the Israelis.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

No attacks beyond God's set boundaries Israelites were forbidden to attack outside the territory God had given them, and from fighting nations other than those he commanded them to fight against.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Israel did not get wars against Edom, Moab or Ammon [55].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

However, they were later attacked by these nations and were forced to defend themselves by waging war against them [56] [57].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The Law of Moses and Christianity The conception of Christianity is that the law ended in Christ.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

[58] After Jesus' death, the Law was no longer in force.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The Law Covenant was replaced by the Law of Christ.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

Paul explained why the Law was needed.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

He mentioned it as the educator who led to Christ.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The law also showed that man is sinful, or imperfect, and needs redemption from God.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

Law of Moses

The law also showed that, by mere acts of Law man cannot acquire a permanent life for himself [59].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

Only Jesus Christ observed the Law perfectly [60] [61].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

In particular, the Epistle of Hebrews says that sacrifices under the law of Moses are no longer needed after the full sacrifice of Christ.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

Consequently, the provisions for them, as well as the diet and washings carried out in various situations, were intended only for a limited period ending in the time of Christ.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

[1] The Apostle Paul showed that it is important for Christians to know the Law.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

As a reason he explained that, there was a shadow of the better in the law and the things associated with it were paragons, which is why Jesus and the apostles often referred to the law when explaining heavenly things, Christian doctrine and Christian usage [62] [63].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

Jesus summed up the law in two commandments; loving God and the neighbor [64].


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

Conceptions of current scholars Several current scholars surmise that the books of Genesis and the law contained therein have arisen as a result of long development and were only compiled into their final form during the Persian rule.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

According to one theory, it was definitively confirmed in its present form in 458 BCE.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

at a meeting where Esra publicly read the Book of the Law of Moses and the people undertook to observe it.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

[65] [66] [67] Extensive parts of the law, however, have, with certainty, been known long before.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

There is no consensus among scholars on what was the “Book of the Law of the Lord” discovered by Hilkian, but most likely it is included in the current books of Genesis.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

According to the most common understanding, this was the Deuteronomium (Book of Genesis), to the end of which, however, the account of the death of Moses from other sources has been added later.


Question: Why would relatives have sexual intercourse?

The Law of Moses

[68] [69] See also 613 commandments Sources *


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Hertta Elina Kuusinen (1945—1950 Kuusinen-Leino,) was a Finnish politician.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen was a member of the People's Democratic League of Finland (SKDL) from 1945 to 1972 and as a minister without portfolio in 1948 in the Pekkala government.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

He was one of the leading communists of his time in Finland.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen lived in the Soviet Union 1922—1934, during which time he joined the Communist Party of Finland (SKP).


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

In 1934, he came to Finland and was imprisoned for most of the next ten years.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

After the wars, communist activities were allowed and Kuusinen rose to reich politics.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen led the SKDL parliamentary group in the 1950s and 1960s and was a major influence in pushing for a number of social reforms.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

She was involved in pushing through child benefit reform, equal pay, a reduction in the working week and maternity leave.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen was elected honorary chairman of SKP in 1972.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen's father was politician Otto Wille Kuusinen.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Biography Childhood and Youth Hertta Kuusinen was born in Luhanga in 1904.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Her father was politician Otto Wille Kuusinen, mother Saima (o.s. Dahlström) was the daughter of a Luhankan manor.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

The first born of the family, Aino Elina, had died, which is why Hertallek was given the second name Elina.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] During the Civil War at the age of 14, Hertta Kuusinen became a socialist.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Otto Wille Kuusinen left for Soviet Russia in 1918 to manage the affairs of the People's Delegation, after which Saima was left alone to care for Hertta and the family's four other children.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Hertta Kuusinen studied at the Helsinki New Coed School from 1915 to 1918, at the Finnish Joint School in Jyväskylä 1918—1922, and again at the Helsinki New Coed School 1920—1922, for a total of seven classes.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Life in the Soviet Union Kuusinen moved in 1922 to Soviet Russia.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] He became a convivial communist and adopted Russian as his home language.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] He joined SKP in the early 1930s.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] [2] Kuusinen stayed at the Lux Hotel in Moscow along with other arrivals from abroad in the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[3] He took courses in the library industry, earned a librarian degree, and worked in libraries 1922—1934.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

He studied at the Lenin School from 1930—1932 and taught there 1933—1934.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen worked for the International Department of the Comintern 1926—1934 and was in Germany for anti-fascist activities 1932—1933.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

At the Lenin School, she used the name Greta Kraft and in the Nordic positions of the International Department of the Comintern the name Iris Pettersson.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Underground life and imprisonment in Finland Hertta Kuusinen secretly came to Finland under the name of Iris Pettersson in spring 1934.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] He only had time to be in the country for a couple of weeks when he got caught.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[3] In October 1934, the Turku Court of Appeal sentenced Kuusinen to four months imprisonment for mistaking the authorities and four years and eight months in a discipline room for preparation of state fraud.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

The verdict attracted attention abroad, too: it was harsh and there were only suspicions, not evidence, of unlawful conduct.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen was in prison in Turku and Hämeenlinna and was released in spring 1939.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] While in prison, he wrote letters, memoirs, prose and poetry, read and painted, and learned new languages.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen already knew Swedish, German and Russian and was now learning English, Spanish and French.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] After his release, Kuusinen met Yrjö Leino, who was also a communist.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

They fell in love and hid during the Winter War together so as not to get arrested again.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

After the war, Kuusinen was in contact with his father, the activities of SKP were revived and the Free Sana magazine was established.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Leino was arrested by Valpo in December 1940 and was imprisoned.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[4] Kuusinen was captured on June 18, 1941, just before the German invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] In autumn 1941, Leino was transferred to Riihimäki for military training.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

He was to be sent to the front — happy to die there — but at Riihimäki station he escaped the train.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Leino was in hiding in Helsinki for the duration of the Continuation War.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[4] Kuusinen was in protective custody in Hämeenlinna from June 1941 to September 1944.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] Reich politics After the war, communist activities were allowed in Finland.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen was one of Finland's leading communists.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Leino and he were the party's natural leaders: Leino became minister in 1945, and when he resigned in 1948, Kuusinen became minister without portfolio.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[5] They were married 1945—1950, during which time Herta's surname was Six-Leino.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] The spruce became a symbol of communism and popular democracy for both supporters and opponents.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

After the wars, he also toured the country and was among the movement's most prominent speakers and performers.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] Kuusinen became a member of the Central Committee of the SKP in 1944.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

The Free Sana magazine was re-established after the war, and he was its political editor from 1944—1946.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

He also wrote pachinas under the pseudonym “Ordinary Man” for magazines.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen became known to a wide audience for the 1945—1949 radio programme Miniature Parliament, in which party representatives debated current affairs.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] The representatives of the other five sides in the program were all men.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen received a lot of admirer and hate mail from the programme.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] Early in his political career, Kuusista supported the Helsinki chief of Soviet foreign intelligence, Yelisei Sinitsyn, whom Kuusinen met every day.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen's most prominent political role was his father, Otto Wille Kuusinen, who influenced the activities of SKP, particularly through his daughter.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Otto Wille Kuusinen gave Hertta Kuusinen instructions face to face, by letter and telephone.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] Political career In the first post-war parliamentary elections in 1945, Kuusinen was elected MP from the SKDL list.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] She was chairman of the Committee on Education 1945—1946 and at the same time the first woman to chair a parliamentary committee.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[6] In 1948, Kuusinen served as Finland's second Minister for Women, after Miina Sillanpää.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen held two functions in Pekkala's government: from 26 May to 4 June, he was Minister without Portfolio and from 4 June to 29 July, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen was chairman of the SKDL parliamentary group 1945—1966.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

During the 1950s and 1960s, he was a strong leader of his parliamentary group, who had a significant influence in driving social and civilisational reforms.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

She was involved in pushing through child benefit reform, equal pay, a reduction in the working week and maternity leave.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen received 58770 votes in the 1948 parliamentary election.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

The figure is not comparable to later vote totals, as the electoral system changed in 1970.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

The figure was the highest number of votes received by a parliamentary election candidate until the 2007 parliamentary election, when Sauli Niinistö received 60563 votes.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen is still the second parliamentary election candidate with the highest number of votes ever (see


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

a list of voting rakes in parliamentary elections).


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[7] He was a Presidential Elector for the elections of 1950, 1956, 1962, and 1968.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen was a member of Helsinki City Council 1947—1950, 1954—1957 and 1960—1964.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] From 1952 to 1958, Kuusinen was General Secretary of the SKDL and 1958—1969 Vice-President.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

He was Vice Chairman of the Executive Board of the Finnish Group of the Interparliamentary Union.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen was a member of the Central Board of the Suomi—Soviet Society from 1944 to 1974.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] She became a member of the Federal Commission of the Finnish Women's Democratic League in 1944, and from 1969 to 1974 she was president of the Women's International Democratic League.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] As president, Kuusinen pushed for women in developing countries in particular.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

While carrying out the position, he lived on several occasions in East Berlin.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] From the second half of the 1960s onwards, there were divisions within the SKP, which came to a head in 1968 when the party's political committee disapproved of the occupation of Czechoslovakia.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

There was a visible minority in the party who supported the occupation and in the party assembly in 1969 the party split in two.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Unlike most of his other old comrades, Kuusinen sided with the majority.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[3] Aarne Saarinen considered it a personal victory that Kuusinen continued in the political committee of the party.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] For the last years Kuusinen continued to work until the end of his life.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] He was an MP until 1972, when he was appointed honorary chairman of the SKP.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] In 1974, Kuusinen travelled to Moscow to receive treatment for his advanced illness.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[3] He died there on 18 March 1974 and was buried at Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

The ashes were sprinkled behind the urn grove so that Kuusinen did not receive an identifiable burial site.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Private life Almost all of Kuusinen's Finnish-born acquaintances in Moscow died in Stalin's persecutions, including his brother, brother's wife, sister's first and second husband, and uncle.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

However, this did not shake Kuusinen's firm faith in the Soviet Union and communism.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen was married between 1923 and 1933 to Tuure Lehén.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

The marriage ended in divorce.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

One child was born from the marriage, son Yrjö (Yuri, Juraj, Jurkka), in 1924.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

George died of pneumonia during the war in 1942.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen's relatives did not want to tell him that the boy was dead, so Kuusinen didn't find out about it until the spring of 1945.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen and Yrjö Leino were married 1945—1950.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Leino has said he suffered a non-profit collapse.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen had difficulties with her husband and party conflict, and after becoming minister in 1948 she moved out of their shared home.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[4] Kuusinen and Olavi Paavolinen became life partners in 1952.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] The relationship was not public.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[1] Kuusinen would have wanted to marry, but as SKP's inner circle did not think it was appropriate, the union was never formalised.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Kuusinen and Paavolainen lived together until Paavolainen's death in 1964.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[3] From his years in prison, Kuusinen had around him an inner circle of close women, about whom he planned to write memoirs.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

The inner circle included Kuusinen's mother Saima Kuusinen, fellows Martta Koskinen, Aili Mäkinen, Kaisu-Mirjami Rydberg and Hella Wuolijoki, and musician Lilly Kajanus-Blenner.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[2] Kuusinen in fiction Heidi Köngäs has written Hertta Kuusinen's novel Hertta (Otava, 2015) and directed and scripted the television play Red Triangle on the same theme.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

[8] Works Hertta Kuusinen works: [1] Hertta Kuusinen, Markku Böök.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Emmi and moose, 1. p.1952, 2nd new.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

facility.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

in 1977.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Folk culture.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

ISBN 951-615-152-3.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Seasonal storms — letters, poems and prose from the 1930s-60s, ed.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Marja-Leena Mikkola.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Folk Culture, 1975.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

ISBN 951-615-092-6 (nid.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

), ISBN 951-615-093-4 (sid.).


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Hamlet my friend — letters to Olavi Paavolainen, edited by Marja-Leena Mikkola.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Jan., 1999.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

ISBN 951-31-1429-5.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leino, Be| title = One more letter — Hertta Kuusinen dramatic life and love of George Leinoon| others = Translated by Eeva Heikkinen| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1990| isbn = 951-0-16575-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Polttila, Brita| title = Hertta Kuusinen — human road| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 1975| version = 2nd edition 1976| isbn = 951-30-3128-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heidi Köngäs| title = Hearts.


Question: When did Hertta Kuusinen die?

Hertta Kuusinen

Novel| publisher = Otava| year = 2015| isbn = 978-951-1-28991-3}} On topic elsewhere Category:People affected by SKDL Category:Persons affected by SKP (1918—1990) Category:General Secretaries of the Finnish People's Democratic League Category:Finnish People's Democratic League ministers Category:People born in 1904 Class:Persons who died in 1974 Category:Key articles of screening Category:99.3 Social representatives


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement (sometimes Lapuan movement) was a Finnish right-wing radical [1] anti-communist popular movement influenced between 1929 and 1932.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In its initial phase, the movement was pan-bourgeois in nature, but after achieving its primary objective, the prohibition of communist activities, the movement became radicalized and lost the support of the Agrarian and moderate right.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua movement ceased after the failed Mäntsälä Rebellion (27 February — 6 March 1932), after it had failed to overthrow the legitimate government.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The political programme of the movement was continued by the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) from 1932 to 1944.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Main features of the movement's background and development The movement said that the cornered party politicking had poisoned the state atmosphere and caused parties to forget about the interests of the Motherland and Finns.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In place of the “rampant” parliamentarianism, firm governmental powers had to be replaced by the Lapuan Lieuto Ry, among other things, proposed majority elections.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the opinion of Docent Jussi Niinistö, the Lapuan movement was the most powerful popular movement in Finnish political history, if not the most powerful in the history of Finland, since it got through all its original demands between 1929 and 1930.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the People's Movement was a “posture movement” in support of the government, but soon morphed into a protest movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement had several different means of influence.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Civic assemblies, civic embassies, delegations, demonstrations of mass power and various pleadings were peaceful modes of action of the popular movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Also influential were mounting clamping on Labour houses and “purges” of local councils, in which local councillors known as communists were pressured and intimidated into resigning from their positions of trust.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement did not curl force, which also led to the breaking of the laws.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous form of activity was the “pluses” (rides) of communists and other leftists, which were more or less violent.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those ridden ended up across the eastern border into the Soviet Union.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Under the “Lapuan Law”, in addition to illegal rides, the Lapuans committed numerous assaults and even a few murders.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[3] From the end of 1929 until the end of 1930, the Lapua Movement functioned as a spontaneous popular movement with Ostrobothnia as a solid area of support and Vihtori Kosola, a charismatic farmer, activist and peasant as its ideological leader.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Initially, the core organisation of the popular movement was Suomen Lukko, with Artturi Leinonen as its leader.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In general, the spelling lapuanmovement refers to precisely this stage of popular movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In its own time, however, the popular movement was commonly referred to as just the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In November 1930, the movement reorganized into an organisation under the name Lapua Liika Ry, which, however, still retained the proportions of a popular movement thanks to its 30000 active members.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

This organization was dissolved after the failed Mäntsälä Rebellion (27 February — 6 March 1932) on 24 March 1932.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The main difference between the Lapua Movement and the Lapua Movement was the latter's insistence on the prohibition of social democratic, that is, all remaining Marxist activities.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The original popular movement relied on so-called white labour, i.e. non-socialist laborers, especially the Cörty peasants, as well as the rest of the rural population, clergy, civil servants and other educated and civilized middle classes.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua Liika Ry, on the other hand, emerged with the gradual radicalization of the popular movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Its active adherence included the so-called upper middle class, namely senior civil servants, wealthier civilisation, more authoritative clergy, powerful military leaders, as well as industrialists and other representatives of the corporate world.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[4] The Lapuan movement took influences from various far-right parties in Europe, especially the Fascists in Italy.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Mussolini's rise to power and activities in Italy were openly admired among the Lapuans.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[5] Although the Lapuan movement was combined with the pan-European anti-communist, right-wing radical and bourgeois movement of its time, it does not always count as a right-wing radical.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Right-wing radicalism subsequently emerged from the tradition of post-activism and was represented by subsequent smaller organisations influenced from the mid-1930s onwards, which had generally emerged from the inner circle of the highly educated and many times Lapua movement in its time.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[4] At the party-political decision-level, a form of Finnish right-wing radicalism was mainly represented by the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL), which was established as an extension of the disbanded Lapuan Liika Ry on 5 June 1932 in Hämeenlinna.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The ideological basis and historical background of the whole popular movement was the Finnish Civil War and other events of 1917—1918.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

After the war, it seemed that the extreme left had been wiped off the political map of Finland, and Finland's bourgeois democracy was not threatened.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Communist Party of Finland (SKP), founded in the Soviet Union, began to operate in Finland in the 1920s through the Finnish Socialist Workers' Party (SSTP) (1920-1923) and its successor Socialist Workers' and Small Farmers' Electoral Organisation (STPV) (1924—1930).


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists won 27 seats in the parliamentary elections in 1922, 18 seats in 1924, 20 seats in 1927 and 23 in 1929.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

As early as 1923, the Kallion I government had implemented the so-called “Kallio cut” and ceased operations of the SSTP, as well as arresting communist actives.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The activation of the far-left was evident in the fact that so-called white workmen, who had been icemen, tribal warriors or who had served in the war in the white forces, were forced to apologise in the labour papers for these “crimes”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The apology took place in public, usually in a communist-controlled workers' magazine.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Unless repented, had to pay fines or pressured to resign from the job.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

According to Docent Jussi Niinistö, work site terror also included violence described as an accident at work.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

He describes it this way: Similarly, Professor Juha Siltala has stated in his doctoral thesis in 1985 that the Communists, with their terror at the site, provided an effective propaganda weapon to bourgeois circles.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

For those who support white Finland in particular, humbling in the face of the “Moscow minions” was a bitter blow.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

During his graduate work in 1967, researcher Pekka Vanhala examined 482 apology cases, 40% of which were political.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In 93% of political cases, the apology was due to the worker's belonging to a patronage council.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

As many as 73% of all public apologies in Southern Ostrobothnia were from former patrons and Civil War veterans.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement later took as one of its objectives the eradication of this phenomenon known as site terror.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In addition, the communists organized strikes at factories and shipyards where commodities were produced for the needs of the state.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The defence industry, for example, was subjected to strike action.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In particular, the ten-month strike of submarine manufacturer Crichton-Vulcan in Turku in 1927 heated emotions.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists received strike instructions from the Soviet Union along with monetary strike grants.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] For the emergence of the anti-communist popular movement, disputes between bourgeois parties also played a major role.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the eyes of the Lapua movement, the civil war and subsequent state, or White Finland, had been the ideal state of pan-bourgeois and national existence.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The burghers had collectively been on the verge of defeating the red danger from the east, which had been left halfway to tackling.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

White Finland, which mobilized Lapua, was an ideal state of aspiration, whereas for the centrist parties it was only a temporary transition.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the Civil War victory parade, Gustaf Mannerheim had called for firm rule and the preservation of national existence, namely White Finland, but in the view of supporters of a future popular movement, neither of these had materialised.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

After the government-style struggle, the ousting of Mannerheim from political life, the red-prisoner amnesties, minority governments of the centrist parties and various crises such as the patronage conflict, the Coalition, effectively excluded from governments entirely, was at odds with the centrist parties ( Agrarian League, National Progress Party) with.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The previously staunchly bourgeois Swedish People's Party again cooperated with the SDP and the SDP again supported centrist minority governments.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[6] This bourgeois dispersal, conflicts arising from front, class and group requests combined with the sense of danger created by the activation of communist activities and the spirit of war of liberation gave rise to the Lapua movement, when in fact, at the birth of the popular movement in 1929, the communist danger was at their very least, and the Social Democrats were already practically adapted and committed to bourgeois democracy.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[7] One of the foundations of the Lapuan movement were the strike breaker organisations.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous of these was the Group Vientiraumaa led by Martti Pihkala.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

After the strike broke out, the workers of the Vientipeace quarter were brought in to do the work and the labor struggle was broken.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Ostrobothans played an active role in strike breaking activities, for example, during the hardest times of the Vient Peace during the nationwide port strike of 1928—1929, most of the strike breakers were Ostrobothians.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In Southern Ostrobothnia, Vihtori Kosola, a farmer who recruited the Civil War whites already served as a recruiter for picketers, tribal warriors and white people from the Civil War.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In addition to the Peace of Export, a well-known organization was the Finnish Patronage Association, founded by Gustaf Mannerheim and P. E. Svinhufvud, which distributed anti-communist bulletins to the press.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, anti-communist Enlightenment work was carried out by the Academic Karelia Society and the League of Independence, which broke away from it.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Perhaps the most significant organisation that contributed to the emergence of the Lapua movement was the League of Front Men of the War of Independence, whose aim was to eradicate communism and eliminate site terror.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Birth of the anti-communist popular movement Lapua Challenge party In November 1929, the Finnish Trade Union Organisation (SAJ) unsuccessfully declared a general strike in the country, with the result that the attitude atmosphere in the country quickly turned anti-communist.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[8] Members of the Communist Youth Union of Finland had begun to bully the burghers by rolling along villages in red sickle and hammer shirts, mocking independent Finland and Christian values.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] The Youth Movement was the most active and pure-learning part of the SKP, extending the spectacular activities recommended by the VI Congress of the Comintern to the core area of “white Finland”, Southern Ostrobothnia during 1929.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[9] For example, at a celebration in Kurika, Jesus was called a “hooker's penis" [8] and a large sign depicting the Soviet flag was erected at the Lapua Workers' House, which read: “Let us strive under this flag”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[8] In Lapua, the communist Lapuan Young Workers' Study Association organized SKP on the mandate of the Vaasa headquarters from 23—24.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

November 1929, a challenge party in Lapua, whose repertoire mocked Mannerheim and independent Finland.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] As early as 23 November, local schoolboys had thrown odour bombs at the occasion and scrambled to grate red shirts off the performers.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Police interrupted the celebration before the situation was turning into an aerial brawl.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Communists who arrived on the evening train on 23 November were not allowed to land from the train and gunfire could be heard from the Workers' House.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[9] Finally, the next day on November 24, about 1,000 people surrounded the Labor House.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuans marched inside the house under the leadership of Vihtori Kosola and said: “There have been enough mockery of God, treasonous activities and degraded the Motherland, now the play stops here once and for all!”


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Following the announcement, the Lapuans violently took off their communists' red shirts and, after a harsh confession by Emil Tabell, an MP who arrived, threw out Emil Tabell, who arrived.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] Eventually the incident turned into a mass brawl, calmed down by the newly arrived police officers.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In skirmish e.g.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

were torn from the walls of the Labour House with signs “God help the burghers” and “God has empowered capitalists to be robbers”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[8] Eventually the Communists were driven out of Lapua by schoolboy pranks and taunts.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Communist-held Lapuan Workers' House was nailed shut.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

When it had to be opened again, following a change in circumstances in September 1931, a new domestic political crisis arose.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Citizens' meetings Gustav Tiitu, an agrarian farmer, contacted Artturi Leinonen, editor of newspaper Ilka, to call a citizens' assembly.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

A notice was published in Ilka and Vaasa magazine: “The Citizens' Assembly of Southern Ostrobothnia in Lapua Seuratalo next Sunday, 1 December, starting at 1 p.m.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting will be presented with the growing sedition activities of the Communists.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

A bunch of Lapuans”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the end, more than 2000 people came to the Citizens' Assembly and from other provinces, and the committee that organised it included the Coalition Rector Hilja Riipinen and the Vicar K. R. Kares of Lapua, in addition to Tiitti, Leinonen and Kosola.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting in Lapua lasted more than three hours and more than 80 speeches were made.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In his speech, Leinonen expressed that the common will of the people was to crush communism and asked if it could be accomplished by legitimate means.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Referring to the 1925 Supreme Court decision to abolish the communists' front organization, Kosola criticized that the Communists do not “respect the religion and common fatherland held sacred by the Finnish people, the laws of Finland, and nothing else that is held sacred by us from generation to generation”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

However, not all of the speeches corresponded to the legality of Leinonen and Kosola, for example, Helsinki-based activist Ahto Sippola called on the participants of the meeting to take arms with them and march to Helsinki.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

One of the prominent speakers of the Citizens' Assembly was the High Awakening leader Vihtori Duke, who said: “Selfish requests are prevalent and they are not understood by the men of 1918.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

It wasn't parliament that saved us in 1918, there were only intrigues and babbles.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Whoever God wills to drown, that he beats with blindness”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting expressed disappointment with the volatile domestic political situation and the fact that parties, particularly the bourgeois parties, when competing with each other, did not care in which direction Finland was heading.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, the assembly unanimously decided that all forms of activity of the SKP had to be abolished or else civil war would break out.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In its closing statement, it did not understand “why freedom of expression can be used to slander and discredit everything that is the basis and foundation of the chaste and legal knowledge of the Finnish people.”


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Furthermore, it wondered how a treasonous party was allowed so freely to act to dismantle all its system, which allowed the whole of this treasonous party to exist.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

However, the meeting gave all its support to the state power to eradicate communism.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although the Lapuan meeting of 1 December 1929 was the most impressive, it was by no means the only one, nor the first.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently pursuing a pan-bourgeois front, the Karelian Civil Union organised its first citizens' assembly on 29 November 1929 at Sortavala Seuraroom.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Karelian Civil Union, founded in 1917 in the Vyborg region, had already planned anti-communist civic activities in autumn 1929 and had been tasked with organising civic assemblies.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting linked the incipient movement to the 1918 battle and expressed all support for the Ostrobothians: “Hopeless would be the future of our people, if the Finnish blood would not fizzle when he saw the cataluses of the profane fatherland.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In January 1918, the hearts of the men of Ostrobothnia and Karelia beat with strong feelings.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

It still does.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The law of honor is the law of a man”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On 1 December 1929, civic assemblies of hundreds of participants were held besides Lapua, led by activist, Master Antti Sarven and Councilman Eero Hämäläinen in Kuopio, under deputy judge K. A. Raevaara and Asessori Onni Heinonkoski in Mikkeli, farmer, MP Evert Nukar and Head of the Southern Häme Patron District under Ernesti Suolahti in Hämeenlinna, Director K. Brofeldt in Kotka and District Physician W. Vartiovaara in Savonlinna.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

All the meetings stated their support for any decision, whatever they would take in Lapua.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently, civic assemblies had already been planned much earlier, judging by their coincidence.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the order of business at the meetings was the same in all localities.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[10] Citizens Delegations The Lapuan assembly decided to send a 20-person delegation headed by Artturi Leinonen to Helsinki to ask the government to act to stop the sedition work of the communists.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the morning, on Independence Day, 6 December 1929, 1,000 people were facing the legation at the Helsinki railway station and the Academic Karjala-Seura (AKS) led by Vice-President Vilho Helanen.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On December 7, the delegation gave the decisions of the Lapua assembly to the attention of the minority government in Kallio.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The embassy was received by all parliamentary groups except the Communists.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the embassy visited the President of the Republic Lauri Kristian Relander.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The president was moved to tears when Hilja Riipinen, who served as President, announced that the people were demanding more acts than speeches from the state.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Relander gave all his support to the popular movement, writing that the popular movement “has been a blessing to this country and the people, of that I am sure”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On the evening of the same day, the embassy was invited to the Fourth of July celebrations organised by AKS.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

AKS gave full support to the movement and Urho Kekkonen announced his support in the organisation's voice supporter Suomen Heimo.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Kekkonen indicated that improving workers' conditions was supported, but no sympathy for the Soviet Union.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Part of the embassy was still visited by an independence fighter, State Counsellor J. R. Danielson-Kalmar, who likewise expressed support for the movement's goals.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] After the Lapuan mission, delegations from different provinces began arriving in Helsinki and new meetings were organized.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The situation developed really quickly in early December 1929.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

This first phase of the popular movement was very happy to be welcomed by the state and considered it to be a healthy and uniting state life while at the same time suspecting its power.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The social democrats, who were fairly socialist at the time, accepted the anti-communist movement, not seeing it as a disadvantage, but rather a benefit.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The demands of the embassies produced the first victory of the popular movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Just before Christmas 1929, a new Association Act was passed, forbidding the creation of a new association to replace the disbanded one.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On this basis, the communist study associations could be abolished.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The second meeting of Lapua and the second major citizens' meeting at Lukko Lapua Seuratalo of Finland took place on 15 March 1930.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting was officially nationwide and more formal anyway, as the meeting was only allowed for delegates from other organizations and civic assemblies.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

For an admission fee, the public was able to enter the


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In addition to Artturi Leinonen, the co-chairperson is H. A. Koristo from Turku, bank manager Isak Kaitera from Oulu and agricultural advisor Aatos Schildt from Jyväskylä.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The secretaries were Deputy Judge Lauri Halme and Kauhajokelic Consulate M.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

E. Brush.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The atmosphere at the meeting was considerably more tense and radicalized by the end of November.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Although Artturi Leinonen and Vihtori Kosola, who became leaders of the movement, emphasised moderation in line, the field people at the meeting were fed up with politicians and other powers, gradually leaning more and more towards direct action in the foreign parliament.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The leading figures of the radical line were Rafael Haarla, the vicar of Lapua, and the vicar general of Lapua, Gunnar von Hertzen.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The enlightenment director of Northern Uusimaa's patron municipal district, Freeman Lauri Yrjö-Koskinen, insisted on acts rather than enlightenment, but mainly meant enacting stricter anti-communist laws.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The atmosphere of the movement was radicalized because the activities of the communists, despite the promises of politicians, were not abolished.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Those in favour of the Direct Action line justified their opinion by the fact that “patriotic rebellion” was preferable to “patriotic legality”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

They also justified by historical considerations; at first, the icemen had acted against the then law, but still their importance had been of great importance to Finland.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

MPs known as Communists were on various committees, where they also had access to sensitive and secret national defence information.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting dealt mainly with the communist press, which was not suppressed because in parliament the Social Democrats, RKP and Communists opposed restrictions on the Freedom of Print Act.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Lapualla was particularly irritated by the communist Voice of Work (1924—1930) appearing in Vaasa, which proclaimed atheism and the world revolution.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although it appeared on the basis of the meeting that the popular movement was already splintering in two, the meeting reached a unanimous conclusion: It was decided to establish an anti-communist and site terror NGO, which was to assemble all anti-communist entities as an umbrella organisation.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

An association was born called Suomen Lukko, whose 32-member delegation was chosen as the convener of Vihtori Kosola.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Later, at Kosola's suggestion, Artturi Leinonen became chairman of Luko of Finland.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Martti Pihkala, acting as assistant student Mikko Jaskari, was responsible for financial affairs.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The seat of the organization was named Lapua, but the office was placed in Helsinki.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The members of the Finnish Luko were mainly agrarian and coalitionist in party affiliation, and there were only a few supporters of direct active action.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the anti-communist struggle, Lukko of Finland advocated the Enlightenment and legal methods of action.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the Agrarian League it was hoped and believed that the popular movement would only be channeled in support of the government, but supporters of direct action were not enthusiastic about the slow association activity of the Finnish Luko.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Action The Voice of Work fell silent The motion for amendment to the Freedom of Print Law Lapua was irritated by the opposition of the Left and the Swedish People's Party (RKP) to an amendment to the Law on Freedom of Printing, which was not adopted as desired by the Parliament in the early spring of 1930.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The movement's attempt was to transfer control of the Freedom of Printing Act to the Attorney General appointed by the President of the Republic from the Minister of Justice, allowing the latter to decide in the Council of State the matter without discussing the closure of printing presses deemed to have violated it in accordance with the Freedom of Printing Act.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Example case of Vaasa County The apparent unity of a popular movement lasted only 13 days from the founding meeting of the Finnish Lukko.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

At the head of the movement, it was decided to disrupt the activities of the communists, and a newspaper printed in Vaasa, near Lappa, Vaasa, was chosen as the target.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Gustav Tiitu had advocated minor daytime interference in printing, but he opposed the destruction of the printing presses.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Although it seemed to rest, Yrjö Nikula, the former titular of Lapua and head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia, continued to plan the attack.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

If the participants were caught in their act, Trade Advisor Rafael Haarla had promised to pay them potentially reprehensible damages.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Strike to the printing press On the night of March 28, 1930, direct action began.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the port area of Vaasa, farmer Pentti Alasaari fired a couple of shots into the air with his Mauser M1916 pistol to distract the police and give them an alibi.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

At the same time, Vaasa's internal telephone connections were disrupted, and 13 Lapuan men led by Yrjö Nikula, the head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia and former titular man of Lapua, and Gustav Vannas, a motorist from Yurasa, broke in and broke up the print of the Voice of Work.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The act was apparently carefully planned under Nikula's leadership.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The perpetrators soon came to light, as police found a scoop lamp knife on the floor of the printing press bearing the name of Kullervo Leskinen, an employee of the Lapua cartridge factory.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] On 3 April, the third citizens' meeting was held in Lapua in connection with the dissolution of the printing of the Voice of Work.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola's leadership, the meeting prepared a telegram that was sent to Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Telegram confirmed that the Lapua People's Movement and Kosola were bent on illegal activities, but according to the text, the movement had not settled against the government: the division of the Lapua Movement Suomen Lukko separates Parliament was surprised by the act and the Youth Republicans Kyösti Kallio and under the leadership of Helsingin Sanomat called for severe punishment of perpetrators.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates realised that the attack was a vote of no confidence by the Lapuans in the actions of Parliament.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The act also sparked controversy among the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those involved could not accept the illegalities.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

When Lukko of Finland, led by Artturi Leinonen and Gustav Tiitu, disassociated himself from the act and condemned it as a crime, the popular movement broke in two.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Vihtori Kosola, the leader of Vihtori Kosola, had not endorsed the plan at the stage of its drafting, but stood down to support the act, declaring that the one responsible for the act was in fact the parliament, which had not begun the process of eradicating communism.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Artturi Leinonen, who had denied carrying out the attack and Gustav Tiitu and Lukko of Finland lost their central place in the popular movement and the movement that started direct action took Vihtori Kosola as its leader, who himself had not sought a prominent position.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

His household, Kosola, became the central headquarters of the Lapua movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Lapuans publicly declared themselves in large numbers as perpetrators of the attack and supporters of the act.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola, Yrjö Nikula, Vihtori Herkena and Ilmajokelainen bank manager Iivari Koivisto, 72 men signed up as authors and supporters of the work.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Lapuan farmer Jussi Muilu, trainee Yrjö Hissa, and peasants Simo Lahdensuo and Jussi Perämäki became the actual violators.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Trade counsellor Rafael Haarla agreed to pay all the fines of those convicted.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the first issue of Activist n, the main voice supporter of the Lapuan movement</i>, 650 people registered as supporters of the act.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The magazine became popular and was sold as many as 10,000 copies.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The journalistic line reported by the newspaper was strongly anti-communist.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Vaasa riot and the Asser Salon ride on 4 June 1930 at Vaasa Raastuvancourt began to be dealt with the issue of breaking the print print of the Voice of Work.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The predominance knew that the day would cause Lapuan movement, but the Popular Movement refused to cancel the demonstration.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Early in the morning 1800 Lapuans arrived in Vaasa in 200 cars decorated with Finnish flags.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Demonstratively, the procession of cars stopped first at the dispersed printer and in front of the landlord's official residence.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The men then made an honorary visit to the hero tombs of Vaasa, during which hymns and patriotic songs were sung, as well as speeches were given.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Vaasa District Riot While the trial was in progress, the Lapuans assaulted Eino Nieminen, who was acting as a witness, who was alleged by Detective Central Police (EK) to be a red officer and an organiser of the SKP.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the courthouse's second-floor vestibule, Eino Nieminen had to kiss with the peasants who surrounded him.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

After Sanaharka, supporters of the Lapua movement carried Nieminen down the stairs outside the courthouse, tore off his clothes and assaulted Nieminen.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The mob followed the act from the sidelines and police did not intervene.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Press photographer Paavo Poutiainen instigated the perpetrators, and one of the most famous images in Finnish press history was taken.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Some ten other leftists were also assaulted by the Lapuans, among them Allan Asplund, editor of the Vaasan social democratic magazine Nya Folkbladet.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the Lapuans also fell victim to bourgeois minded citizens who tried to prevent beatings, citing the rule of law.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, police master Gunnar Tallroth eventually rescued the battered Nieminen and took him to the police station.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Nieminen was able to leave the police station just before supporters of the Lapuan movement penetrated the building and inspected it up to the cells without the force of the police officers or wanting to prevent this.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

When the cause of the Voice of Work, Communist MP Asser Salo stepped out of the courthouse, the riot worsened.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Despite the fact that Governor Bruno Sarlin tried to appeal for peace in the district, the supporters of the Lapuan movement took hold of Salo and paraphrased this.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement had already been planning to kidnap Salo when he had arrived to hear the injunction.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Detective Central Police (EK) followed the incident by without intervening.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, a BC detective who was present, later joined the radical wing of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Lapuans could not decide what to do with Salo.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Salo was threatened with shooting during the Revelation, but eventually he was taken to Lapua's youth club house, where he was forced to swear that he would never enter Lapua again.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

After this, Salo was taken to Viitasaari, where he was let go.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The men of the Lapuanmovement left after informing the editorial staff of the Voice of Work that the magazine would not be published even after the end of the two-month discontinuation period.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

After the Lapuans disembarked, Vaasa remained in the possession of military patrols.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Lapuan Law Originally, Lapuan law meant the 1843 Government Rule and Village Ordinance of Lapua and its implementation.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Also among the Lapua movement, the right of the Lapuans own hand began to be called Lapua law.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

According to the idea, the justification of the acts was determined by how much they promoted anti-communist activity.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The legality of the act did not matter, as according to the movement's thought world, the “will of the people” interpreted by the Lapuan movement was above the law.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On June 5, 1930, the Lapua Movement declared the Lapua Law into force in Southern Ostrobothnia.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[12] In the early morning hours of 8 June 1930, Yrjö Hissa and Jussi Perämäki, who took part in the disbanding of the print of the Voice of Work, committed double suicide.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The youths who were detained were counted as the first victims of the popular movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

They were buried with a hero's funeral in Lapua and Kosola laid a wreath on the tomb, which read the words of Kaarlo Kramsu's Ilkka poem: 'No justice in the land, who himself will not have'.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The phrase became one of the motto phrases of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Later in the summer, the second motto became “We do what we will”.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Summer 1930: period of pressure Bruno Sarlin of the Progress Party was removed from his duties as a landlord and Colonel Erik Heinrichs was appointed in his place, which it was hoped would improve the intervals between state power and locals.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In mid-June 1930, however, the Lapuan movement began large-scale rides, or pluses; 254 rides or rides were made during the summer.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Three rides ended in the victim's death and most of the rides were assaulted.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[13] The relapses were carried out both by local Lapuans and by the strike forces of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Kosola wanted to press the ride-hailing government to resign and get Pehr Evind Svinhufvud of the National Coalition as prime minister.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In their speeches, the Progress Party and the Agrarian League protested the movement's radicalisation and acts of violence, but did not withdraw their support from the Popular Movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In the summer of 1930, pressure from the Lapuans was at its peak.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The People's Movement also achieved its most important goal by successfully ending communist activities practically altogether.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

After the summer, most of the leading communists were serving time in prison, the labour magazines had been abolished and all labour houses closed.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Due to sympathy or pressure in many provinces, denominators and other officials issued orders to abolish the houses of labour.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In Pohjois-Savo, for example, all 59 workers' houses were closed at the behest of the titular and landlord.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[14] Some politicians felt that it was better to accept lawlessness so as not to break out another civil war.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Prime Minister Svinhufvud (Svinhufvud II government from 4 July 1930 to 21 March 1931) even staked his unqualified support for the uprising and movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

He had visited South Ostrobothnia and the popular movement in mid-June and became convinced of the popular popularity of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

However, K. J. Ståhlberg, the first president of the Republic, agreed that illegality was indefensible, even if it was taken to suppress the crimes and treasonous activities of others.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] A march and delegation for the upcoming march of the Lapuan Movement took place from 20—21.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

June 1930 meeting in Lapua.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Organizing the march was a large and sizeable job.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

For the meeting, the Lapuan Movement invited representatives from all patron districts and at the same time organized a popular movement nationwide.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement invited and named the persons who were to hold meetings in their respective localities, who would again designate them as their representatives by signing a power of attorney.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In practice, the credentials demanded by the Lapuan movement were signed without any organized meetings.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

At this point, among others, Dr. Kai Donner officially joined the Lapua movement as a representative of Eastern Uusimaa.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates formed arrangements for the march to handle the delegation of the Lapuan Movement, which thus became the official Lapuan Movement Representative Council.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The delegation consisted of 16 representatives from Southern Ostrobothnia, one from all other provinces, and from Vyborg and Helsinki, two representatives.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In total, this national representative council consisted of 31 delegates.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

After the march, the delegation declined in importance, but still the name Lapuan Movement Delegation served under various communiqués and pressures as the representative of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[15] Eventually, the government of Kyösti Kallio IV (16 August 1929—4 July 1930) made an unfounded decision in law to abolish all communist magazines for fear of otherwise engaging in illegal activities by the Lapuans.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The decision was approved by Parliament on 1 July 1930, although no similar proposal had been approved earlier in the spring.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the government submitted a motion to the Parliament to abolish the activities of the Communists and began to bend to the demands of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander also took pressure on the government, which finally on 2 July submitted his resignation request due to the untenable domestic political situation, despite having just received a vote of confidence from parliament.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, in line with the goals of the Lapuan movement, a pan-bourgeois government led by P. E. Svinhufvud was formed, in which representatives of the Lapua movement were planned.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

K. R. Kare was envisioned as Minister of Education and Vihtori Kusaa or Kosola as Minister of Social Affairs.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

However, Svinhufvud did not want “two dictators” (meaning Svinhufvud and Kosola) in government, and business did not want to get entangled in government politics either.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Compared to the government, the Lapuan movement was strong enough: It did not have to tie its hands.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The mutual antipathies (arising from theological differences) between the churchmen K. R. Kare and Paavo Virkkunen, who became Minister of Education, have also been thought to have played a role in the plan's tapering.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[16] Abduction of MPs from the Constitutional Committee To give impetus to their demands, the Lapua Movement decided to show its mass power with a peasant march to Helsinki.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

To intensify the show of force, Vihtori Kosola gave orders to paraphrase communist MPs.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Two days before the march, in the morning of 5 July 1930, a Lapuan force, led by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen and Artturi Vuorimaa, penetrated the Session of the Constitutional Committee to kidnap the communists' Helsinki MPs Eino Pekkala and Jalmari Rötkö.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Committee Chairman Väinö Voionmaa (SDP) and Ernst von Born (RKP) tried to prevent the hijacking, but Eerolainen wore his badge of the Detective Central Police (EK) in the situation and the Lapuans were allowed to take the MPs to the car for a ride, although they both tried to grab themselves when carrying to the door of the committee room.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The deputies were rushed to Kosola in Lapua, from where they were released after the government announced that the state would not receive the march if the delegates were not released.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On 4 July, the newly appointed Svinhufvud government had already bent on ordering all communist MPs to be detained “on suspicion of treasonous activity”, but the arrest order was not issued until the afternoon of the following day.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Parliament afterwards approved the government measure despite doubts expressed by the Social Democrats and Swedes.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[17] [2] The Peasant March On Monday, 7 July 1930, the Peasant March was held, which was the largest display of force in the popular movement and a turning point in the history of the movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The peasant march was a well-planned massive operation in which 12000 supporters of the Lapuan movement marched by province and region into regiments, battalions and companies divided by patronage discipline and order.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The marchers were Finnish and Swedish-speaking, as the language issue was of little interest to the Lapuan movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the march was planned to be called “Patronage Marches”, but the commander of the Patron Municipalities, Lauri Malmberg, forbade the use of the Patron Uniform.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The main idea of the movement was to hold a new event that would resemble the White Army Victory Parade on 16 May 1918.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Although the movement was a parade of victory, similar events from abroad were also modelled on, notably the Swedish Peasants' National Defence March in 1914 and the Italian Black Shirts march to Rome in 1922.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Before the peasant march, the domestic political situation was extremely tense.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

With the government's position proving tenuous, there was even speculation that a coup d'état by the Lapuans was possible.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

There was no thought in the movement to revoke actively government power, but some of the Lapuans had considered hijacking if the government was not active enough against the Communists.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The movement tried to appease public opinion with a bulletin.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

During the march, both the Lapua movement and the government pledged to fight for the eradication of communism and to support each other.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

However, the government asked the Popular Movement to stop exercising the right of own hands.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Kallio government designed a package of laws aimed at banning all activities interpreted as communist.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

With the Social Democrats opposing the motion, the government in parliament failed to win over the qualified majority of at least two-thirds needed to amend the constitution, leaving some of the laws to rest over the elections.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In retaliation, the Lapuans kidnapped (Revelation) 17—18.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On July 1930 Väinö Hakkilan, the Social Democratic Deputy Speaker of the Parliament, from Tampere Teisko through Lapua to Kuortane and assaulted him.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[18] In this case, in order to expedite consideration of the Communist laws, President Relander dissolved parliament on 15 July 1930 and ordered new elections to be held 1—2.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

on October 1930.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[13] Intimidation and pressure from the Lapuan movement set the tone for the electoral struggle.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The government gave the land lords broad powers to block electoral activity on the far left.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

President Relander urged the people to vote for candidates who would pass communist laws.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The Coalition and the SDP increased their number of seats, but with the far left losing out of parliament entirely, the seats of the left were not enough for even a third blocking minority.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The new parliament passed communist laws in October 1930.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[13] All political and professional organisational activities interpreted as “communist” were abolished, and persons suspected of being communists were denied the right to participate in elections under the Constitution of Finland.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[19] Suspected communists were also imprisoned; often on fabricated or fraudulent charges.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[20] [21] In Finland, the President of the Parliament is the second highest-ranking person after the President of the Republic.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Thus, riding Väinö Hakkila, the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament and Municipal Mayor of the City of Tampere (1920—1952), against his will, was an impressive and publicity-inducing act.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

On July 18, 1930, the first ride took place that really nipped in public support of the movement.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The lows of popular movement can be considered to begin from that day.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

At the time, the Social Democrat in the highest state position, Väinö Hakkila, the deputy speaker of parliament, who was going to his summer villa in Teisko, was riding.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Hakkila was stopped in Teisko at gunpoint and forced into another car.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Even though he belonged to the right wing of his party, Hakkila was paraphrased because of his criticism of the modes of the popular movement, especially the amuses.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Hakkila was taken to Kuortane, during the journey she was threatened to be taken to the Soviet Union and was planted in an anthill.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

However, Jussi Muilu prevented Hakkila's killing.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Hakkila expressed support for Lapua's movement and promised to retire from politics, thus releasing him.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The ride in Väinö Hakkila was planned by Eino Haarla, a financial supporter of the Lapua movement, son of trade adviser Rafael Haarla, President of the Revolutionary War Front Union, Eero Rekola, a business assistant, and Yngve Mustonen, a business assistant.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

All were Tampereans.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Haarla and Rekola recruited five mullets, led later by Arvi Kalsta, the ice captain who was the leader of the Finnish People's Organisation.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Kalsta was sentenced as the lead perpetrator of the ride to an eight-month discipline room sentence.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The reputation of the Revolutionary War Front Men Union suffered badly with the ride.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The act was widely condemned and subsequently as a sure supporter of the Lapua movement in the press, mostly only Uusiu Suomi and, to some extent, Aamulehti.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

With the ride of Väinö Hakkila, the county lord of Vaasa County, Erik Heinrichs, resigned from the position he considered untenable.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement was put on the defensive by a ride that clearly showed the fieldfolk had been radicalised and initiated their anti-Social Democrat activities.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

The radical leader of the Lapuan movement, the vicar of Lapua, Kaarlo Rietrikki Kares, disliked the idealization of violence, but declared that it was a kind of revolution and that life had its own hard laws.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

In many civic circles, this statement of Kares caused astonishment and consternation: This was followed by the most radical part: The portion of the radical statement of Kares, which spoke of overturning the autonomy of parliamentary parties, was received by citizens who supported the republican form of government on his hind legs.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

Kares had already declared Vihtori Kosola the “People's Leader chosen by God” in the summer.


Question: Who led the Lapuan movement?

Lapuan Movement

This proclamation subsequently became highly known.