Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The government held together mainly thanks to Väinö Tanner, the finance minister of the Social Democrats.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Initial peace talks on Peace were held through the year, but no agreement was reached.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

As early as 8 February, the Soviet Union declared its willingness for peace.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The United States insisted on maintaining Finland's independence, and the Soviet ambassador to Washington, A. Litvinov, stated that the Soviet Union did not intend to occupy Finland as a whole.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finns received the same insurance from Aleksandra Kollonta in Stockholm.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland insisted on the 1939 borders as the basis for peace negotiations, but the Soviet Union was informed that Finland's representative is welcome to negotiate in Moscow, but Finland's proposal should not include territories not belonging to it before the war.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Peace terms were struck into lock among the Allies at a Tehran conference in December.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Josif Stalin's terms included the borders of the 1940 peace, Hanko or Petsamo permanently for the Soviet Union and the replacement of half war damage, expulsion of Germans from the country, and demobilization.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In order to more easily persuade Finland to acquiesce to peace, Churchill and Roosevelt proposed that Vyborg be left to Finland, but Stalin insisted Vyborg was strictly for the Soviet Union and refused to even discuss the matter.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[39] When the new Finnish government inquired about peace terms in the spring of 1944, it was still unable to accept them.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Helsinki Grand Bombing Finland rejected peace terms it had judged impossible in April 1944.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union sought to persuade Finland to peace with the Grand Bombing of Helsinki (“Peace Bombing”) during February.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union wanted a quick solution to the war so that it could concentrate its forces on the recapture of Berlin.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Thumble|400px|Mannerheim and Ryti inspect troops in Enso on June 4, 1944.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Grand Offensive of 1944 The Red Army ended the war of positions with a major offensive on the Karelian Isthmus on 9 June 1944 and two weeks later in the direction of Maaselä.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On June 10, four days after the Normandy landings, the United States declared Finland and its leaders to be pro-German and asked Envoy Procopé to leave the country.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

After the major offensive began, the Soviets responded to Finnish peace enquiries, demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[40] Soviet artillery concentrations and superiority broke the Finnish defences [40] (at Valkeasaari, 10 June 1944).


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The VT line (Vammelsuu—Taipale) was broken in Kuuterselä on 14 June and Vyborg was recaptured from the Finns almost without battle on 20 June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On the same day, the Elisenvaara Station was carried out the most devastating aerial bombardment of the war, with over 100 deaths, and injuring over 300 lives.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Preparations had already been made in Moscow before the invasion that Finland would be occupied.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On 22 June, the Finnish government informed Moscow that it was willing to abandon the war and break its relations with Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In response, the Soviets demanded unconditional surrender.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On the same day, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in the country and announced that Germany would only continue to provide support if Finland entered into an alliance with Germany and continued to wage war.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Germans demanded a commitment to the war from Finland because the Narva Front was important to them.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On 26 June, President Risto Ryti made a so-called settlement with the Germans. The Ryti—Ribbentrop agreement, which obliged Finland not to negotiate a separate peace and increased supplies of materials to the Germans.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In the early 2000s, however, the importance of the treaty has been questioned


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

When Ryti signed his letter to Adolf Hitler, most of the German anti-tank guns, plunge bombers, assault cannons and infantry divisions were already in Finland or en route.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Ryti-Ribbentrop Treaty was not a binding state treaty, but merely Ryti's personal assurance that he would not make a separate peace while serving as President of the Republic.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The peace of separation was made after Ryti had resigned his post and the Parliament had elected Marshal Mannerheim as President by exceptional law.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Army captured Petrozavodsk on 28 June 1944.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Finns managed to retreat orderly, while on the Isthmus the troops had dispersed in many places.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, the front organisation endured even great losses on the front line if the artillery fire command, anti-tank and the net of machine-fire weapons only remained.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, trespassing from the front line, even troops detaching by unit was a problem for the Finns which greatly affected the outcome of the battle.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[40] From Valkeasaari there is about a hundred kilometers to Vyborg, which the Red Army spent ten days to fold.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Although the rate of withdrawal of the Finns thus averaged about ten kilometers per day, what can be considered a militarily successful performance.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

However, it caused great problems for the Finns, manifesting itself in the rapid loss and desertion of Vyborg, among other things.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[40] In the defensive battle, the Finns were also supported by German troops.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Particular importance to the fighting against the Isthmus has been said to have been the anti-tank armament supplied by Germany earlier, since the pst artillery used by the Finns was not effective against the latest Klim Vorošilov and Josif Stalin tanks of Soviet forces.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

For a short time, a very significant part of the battle for the defence of the isthmus was carried out by the German Air Detachment Kuhlmey, especially against ground combat aircraft, supply contacts and maintenance, but the material air supremacy was that of the Soviets.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

According to the most common estimate, the skillful concentration of field artillery and good cooperation with the tenaciously fought infantry helped the Finns as the only ones in World War II to stop the Soviet strategic major offensive at the Battle of Talin—Ihantala from 25 June to 9 July 1944, Äyräpäsä—Vuosalmi and Vyborg Bay.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Some historians felt that German support was crucial to the success of the interceptor battle.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

From Syvär, the Red Army's advance continued as a so-called major offensive in East Karelia, but it was stopped in fierce fighting at U position up to Impilahden—Jänisjärvi.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Also in the north, the Finns retreated.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The more than two-division-strong force that had crossed the old border at Ilomants was repulsed and destroyed in the Battle of Ilomants, which ended on 9 August.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

After mid-July, the situation on the Isthmus stabilised and Aleksandra Kollontai announced via the Swedes on 12 July that the demand for unconditional surrender had been the result of her “misunderstanding”.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union renounced the demand for unconditional surrender and through Sweden informed Mannerheim that the Soviet Union was ready for an armistice, provided it would be signed by Mannerheim and not by a representative of the then government.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Ryti resigned on 1 August and Mannerheim was appointed as his successor.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Mannerheim appointed a new government on 7 August.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland had fourteen infantry divisions, seven brigades and an armoured division in the summer of 1944.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On the Finnish front, the Red Army deployed a total of 54 divisions, eleven infantry brigades and seven troops from the fortress area, i.e. a total of 68 groups, a total of about 605000 men with superior combat equipment.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Total Finnish losses were around 44500 on the Isthmus and around 19500 men in East Karelia fallen and wounded, Red Army losses were at least 96,400 men.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Professor Heikki Ylikangas interprets the various sources as saying that the Soviet Union reduced the importance of the Finnish Front's war efforts during the summer of 1944.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

According to him, among other things, Mannerheim considered the situation in Finland hopeless yet, for example, on 16 and 18 June.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On 19 June, Mannerheim received intelligence material from Colonel Aladár Paasonen, according to which the Soviets aimed not at occupying Finland, but at peace, took place at the headquarters.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Ylikangas interprets the main focus of the Soviet war effort to have been in more southern Europe, where countering the German invasion was most important.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[41] Prisoners of war The number of Soviet prisoners of war in Finland is estimated to be around 64,000 people.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Of these, 56,000 prisoners had been taken as early as 1941.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

About 2700 prisoners were exchanged for the Baltic Finns of the Germans, of which there were about 2200.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Due to the poor harvest of 1942, many prisoners of war died from starvation.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Soviet prisoners of war died in 18318 in Finnish POW camps.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finnish prisoners of war numbered 2377 according to official Soviet statistics.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The homeland was restored in 1969 lives.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

According to Timo Malmi, 3402 Finns were prisoners, 1388 died in the camp, and the number of repatriated persons was 1938, or 57 per cent.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The difference in numbers to the official figures is partly explained by the fact that Soviet statistics only account for those prisoners of war who survived to the camp.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[42] After the resignation of Peace Ryti from office and on 4 August, Mannerheim, who took office as the new President-elect, considered Ryti's assurance, known as the Ribbentrop Agreement, to be invalid to bind Finland to Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Peace terms were received at the end of August.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet condition for the armistice was the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

On 2 September, Parliament voted to break relations by a vote of 113—43 and the Soviet Union was ready to initiate an armistice at 8:00am on 4 September 1944, on condition that Finland informed of the severing of relations with Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finns ceased the war effort at that time, but the Soviets continued to fire for another 24 hours, apparently due to the delay in the release of the bulletin.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[43] The terms of peace were the secession from Germany and the expulsion of German troops, despite the fact that at the same time the army came to a peaceful position, i.e. the demobilization of the troops.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Lapland War broke out between Finland and Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviets pressured Finland into the fighting, but the withdrawal was initially carried out according to a common timetable secretly agreed with the Germans.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The more significant war effort began with the Tornio landings by the Finns on 1 October and fierce fighting in the Tornion valley.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The German army retreated in good order towards the north, with motorised retroop fighting with the Finnish troops coming behind.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The German forces withdrew to Norway and to a ready-fortified defensive line at Arm Lapland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Since the main forces of the Finnish Army came to be demobilized in early December 1944, the final phase of the war became a “children's crusade”, with the army's regular staff leading only the youngest age groups.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union did not agree to immediately conclude a final peace, and an intermediate peace was signed in Moscow on 19 September: Finland ceded to the Soviet Union, in addition to the territories lost in the Winter War, Petsamo and was forced to lease Porkkala for 50 years and guarantee there to Soviet soldiers free access through the territories of Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

German troops had to be expelled from the country and the Germans' possessions handed over to the Allies.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland had to reduce the strength of its army to 42,000 men.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

War reparations came to pay US$300 million in six years, and to replace all property exported and disposed of from the ceded territory.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Anti-Soviet and “fascist” organizations (among them Lotta Svärd) had to be permanently abolished.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

War criminals had to be tried.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The end of the Continuation War practically extinguished the Greater Finland cause as there were no longer political or military prerequisites for its implementation.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union had won the war and established harsh peace terms for Finland, in which, among other things, the territory of Finland was further reduced.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

During the Continuation War, the Inger Finns transferred to Finland were to be returned back to the Soviet Union under the terms of the intermediate peace.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

They were met in the Soviet Union by deportation to Siberia.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviet Union defined Finland's peace terms and territorial losses for its Western allies in advance in the early stages of the war.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

When Anthony Eden, the British Minister for Outside, travelled in December 1941 to Moscow to intensify military cooperation, the Soviet Union raised the situation on 22 June 1941 that Britain should recognise the Baltic states, south-eastern Finland, eastern Poland, as a first condition. Belongation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In addition to these, the NL claimed parts of East Prussia, Petsamo and additionally bases from Romania and Finland.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Soviets wanted to record all the listed conditions with a secret additional protocol.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Having been informed of the terms by the British, the Americans categorically rejected the proposal to draw up a secret additional protocol.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Stalin's proposal was considered to have been contrary to the principles of the Atlantic Declaration.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The British government, in principle, did not consider itself opposed to Stalin's proposal, but it just couldn't be decided at that very moment.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[44] The relationship between Finland and Germany during the Continuation War The discussion of the beginning of the Continuation War, the surprise of the Grand Offensive, the combat victory and the contribution of the Germans still continues both in memoir literature and in studies.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

From the end of the war until the end of the 1980s, there was a debate about the beginning of the war, where the so-called driftwood theory was considered to explain Finland's path to war.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In the subject of great attack, according to traditional perception, Stalin needed the forces primarily against Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Continuing the attack on the commanded Kymijoki line would have required new plans and reinforcements concentrations, and again the general situation and the change of seasons would not have allowed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Therefore, the Soviet Union agreed to a negotiated separate peace, even though the Allies had agreed to demand surrender from Germany and its allies.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The Finns considered themselves to be “co-hosts” of Germany with their own goals and not allies.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The debate over whether Finland was allied with Germany or whether it was fighting its own separate war, your separate war, has continued in Finland until the 21st century.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

According to the official political view, Finland and Germany were not in the union (including President Tarja Halonen's statements ahead of the 60th Victory Day [45]).


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

There has long been a prevailing perception in foreign historical studies that Finland was an ally of Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[46] A considerable number of Finnish scholars also think that Finland was effectively an ally of Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The basic work on further war research, Markku Jokisipilä's dissertation “Brothers-in-arms or allies?” According to the fact that the war began to be talked about in Finland only when the fortunes of war began to turn and Germany's defeat seems increasingly clear.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

In 2008, Professor of History Henrik Meinander also took a position in favour of abandoning the concept of separate war [47] In October 2008 Helsingin Sanomat conducted a survey among Finnish history professors.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Of the 28 professors who responded, 16 (57%) said that Finland did not wage a separate war in the Continuation War but was an ally of Nazi Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Six (21%) of professors were in favour of a separate war, and six did not give a direct answer.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[48] Supporters of the Alliance view draw attention, for example, to the fact that a number of high-ranking Finnish officers received prior information about Operation Barbarossa in such a way that the Continuation War was essentially tied to this operation.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Thus, the Finnish Continuation War as it was fought would not have been fought without significant material and strategic support from Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Finland was not an ally of Germany by law, as there had been no treaty of alliance between Finland and Germany, but in practice Finland was an ally of Germany, as it waged war with German resources and weapons, making Northern Finland available to the Germans and subjugating its forces to the German army seconded.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Especially in the early stages of the Continuation War, Finnish operations were fully intertwined with and dependent on Germany's own operations.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Similarly, the countries' security police had firm relations.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[47] During the war, Germans were called brothers in arms, as were Finns in Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The term was also used by the Finnish state leadership when talking about Germany.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

[49] [50] [51] See also Ilomantsi combat victory 1944 East Karelian concentration camps Eastern Front (World War II) Continuation War Finnish aircraft of Continuation War Continuation War Finnish aircraft Continuation War attack phase Continuation War Resistance Summer 1944 solution battles Northern Finland during the invasion phase of the Continuation War 1941 Salpalinja History of the Finnish Air Force — Continuation War Planes and Air War Grand Attack from Syvär 1944 Unknown Soldier Sources Books, magazines Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alftan, Robert (ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

) | title = Brothers-in-Arms: German-Finnish Brother-in-Arms 1942—1944| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = Introduction and footnotes: Markku Jokisipilä}} Glantz, David: The Siege of Leningrad 1941—44, MBI Publishing Company 2001 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Continuation War history| publisher = Department of Military Science, WSOY| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokipii, Mauno| title = Genesis of Continuation War: Studies on German and Finnish Military Cooperation 1940—41| publisher = Otava| year = 1987| version = Finnish Literary Society editorials 848}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—2006| publisher = WSOY| year =}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo & Hentilä, Seppo & Nevakivi, Jukivi Kkka| title = Finnish Political History 1809—2009| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2006| version = 5. uud.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

p.}} Historical Studies 148.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Junila, Marianne| title = Brotherhood of the Home Front: Coexistence between Finnish civilian population and German military personnel in Northern Finland 1941—1944| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2000| version = Doctoral dissertation: University of Oulu.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Bibliotheca historica 61}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järventaus, Jorma etc.| title = Finland at war| publisher = Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kijanen, Kalervo| title = Dive Alert | publisher = Submarine veterans ry| year = 1977}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hans Peter Krosby| title = Nickel Diplomacy in Petsamo 1940—1941| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1966| page = 240—243}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Land, Jukka| title = Sound Castle.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Years of Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Historical Society| year = 1989| version = Historical Studies 148| page = 67—75}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Antti| title = Two Faces of Greater Finland: East Karelia status of civil population in the Finnish occupation administration 1941—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu}} Mannerheim, G.: Memoirs II.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Huddersfield: Otava 1952.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meinander, Henrik| title= | publisher = xx| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paasilinna, Erno| title = World in the throes | publisher = Otava| year = 1983}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pranttila, Anneli| title = Victualling of front men in Finland during the war years 1939—1945| chapter = abstract| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology | year = 2006| version = Dissertation | accessdate = 14.6.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Juri| title = Fighting Continuation War 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Brothers-in-arms: Finnish and German Security Police Cooperation 1933—1944| publisher = Otava| year = 2008| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skyksi, Kyösti| title = No other glory.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Risto Ryti's alley run 1939—1945| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus, Bookgrou| year = 1989}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Jous| title = History of Finland — From the Ice Age to the European Union| publisher = Otava| year = 2003}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Ylikangas, Heikki| title = One man's Continuation War| publisher = Otava| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ziemke, Earl F.| title = German military action in the Nordic region 1939—1945| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Daily newspapers Web Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Continuation War 1—6| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| version=ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Military History Office of the Department of Military Science}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moisala, U.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

E.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

& Alanen, Pertti (eds.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

) | title = When the attacker's road was closed — the Soviet Grand Offensive in the summer of 1944 on the Karelian Isthmus under the light of veteran research and Soviet sources | publisher = Publications of the Department of Military Science XXVI| year = 1988}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siilasvuo, Ensio et al.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

(ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War: Chronicle| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1991 (2nd edition 1997)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuusela, Kari| title = Wehrmacht armours in Finland: German armoured units in Finland 1941—1944| location = Helsinki| publisher = Wiking-division Oy| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari (ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

) | title = Defenders of Independence -series| publisher = Weilin+Göös etc.| year = 2002—2003}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leskinen, Jari & Juutilainen, Antti (ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

) | title = Petty Giant of Continuation War| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Drabkin, Artem & Irincheev, Bair (ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

) | title = Continuation War with the eyes of the Red Army| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2007| version = In Finnish ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Tiilikainen, Heikki & Laine, Jukka-Pekka}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ari & Kilin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Attacks 1941| publisher = Karttacentr| year = 2007}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Näre, Sari & Kirves, Jenni (ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

) | title = Ugly War: The Silent History of the Winter and Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Ari & Kolin, Yuri | title = Continuation War Fighting 1942—44| publisher = Map Centre| year = 2008}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rantanen, Sponge| title = Difficult road to peace: Finland under German, Swedish and Soviet compression | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankare, Vilho| title = Let's go when told!


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Young Men's Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Stalin's Secret Continuation War| publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| version=ed.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Vihavainen, Timo & Manninen, Ohto}} Films in front of the front line, a film about JR 61 on the Syvärs and Isthmus, Åke Lindman, 2004 Silence, film about the evacuation centre for the fallen, directed by Sakari Kirjainen, 2011 Abandoned houses, deserted courtyards, film Laila Hietamies by the same name novel, about the last days of Vyborg in summer 1944, directed by Lauri Törhönen, 1999 Lupaus, film about lot in winter and continuation war, directed by Ilkka Vanne, 2005 Headquarters, film about the moods of the headquarters in summer 1944, directed by Matti Kassila, 1970 Rintamalotta, film about the lot fronts Continuation War, directed by Aarne Tarkas, 1956 Rukajärvi tie, Olli Saarela, screenplay by Antti Tuuri and Olli Saarela, 1999 Tali-Ihantala 1944, Åke Lindman and Sakari Kirjainen, screenplay by Stefan Foss, Benedict Zilliacus and Esko Salervi, 2007 The Unknown Soldier, Edvin Laine, 1955 Unknown Soldier, Rauni Mollberg, 1985 Unknown Soldier, Aku Louhimies, 2017 On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Search Engine.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Book review of Pilke, Helena and Kleemola, Olli: Life in the Trenches.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

The amusements and hobbies of soldiers on the fronts of the Continuation War.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

SKS, 2015.


Question: When did the retreat phase of the Continuation War end?

Continuation War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Skanska is a Swedish, internationally operating real estate development and construction group.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

It is a Fortune 500 company and among the ten largest construction companies in the world.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

In 2016, the group's parent company, Skanska AB, had a turnover of approximately EUR 16 billion.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The company is listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange and is headquartered in Stockholm.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The group has approximately 43000 employees.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[1] History The company was founded by young engineer Rudolf Fredrik Berg in 1887 under the name Aktiebolaget Skånska Cementgjuteriet.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[2] The company manufactured decorative concrete products for churches and public buildings.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

However, within a few years the business switched to construction contracting.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The first international project was made for the British National Telephone Company in 1897.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Foreign investment was initiated by the St. Petersburg Concrete Pipe Factory, which opened in 1902.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[3] The 20th century marked a steady rise for Skånska through the construction of Swedish infrastructure and urbanization with constant provision of new projects.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Among the most notable projects were Sweden's first asphalt road in 1927, Sandöbro's concrete 254 metre long arch bridge, and the development of the Allbetong prefabricated technology, made possible by industrial housing construction in 1952.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[3] Skånska became heavily internationalized in the 1950s.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The company did a large number of international construction projects in various countries of Africa in the late 1960s and Eastern Bloc countries in the 1970s.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

To the United States, the company expanded in 1971.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

On the Stockholm Stock Exchange, the company was listed in 1965, and in 1984 Skånska Cementgjuteriet changed its name to Skanska.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[2] [3] The 1990s saw strong growth in the group, with turnover doubling in a few years.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The current turnover is four times that of 1993.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Some of the most notable projects in recent years have been the Øresund Bridge between Sweden and Denmark and the express rail line at John F. Kennedy International Airport in conjunction with Bombardier.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The main markets are the United States, Latin America, the Nordic countries, the UK, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[3] Skanska ceased operations in Russia in 2007.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Competition with Russian and Turkish construction companies was unprofitable for the company.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[4] In Skanska Finland, the Group's subsidiary is Skanska Oy.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The activities are divided into different companies: Skanska Talonrakennus Oy: building construction and building engineering services Skanska Infra Oy and Skanska Industrial Solutions Oy: Land and Environmental Construction Skanska Konerental Oy: machinery rental Skanska Homes: housing project development Skanska CDF Oy: Premises project development Skanska Oy's combined turnover was approximately EUR 946 million in 2016.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

There were staff at the end of 2016 2018.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[5] The CEO of Skanska Oy is Tuomas Särkilahti and the Chairman of the Board is Anders Danielsson.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[6] History in Finland Skanska had an office in Helsinki from 1917 to 1935.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

In fact, however, operations began in 1994 when the construction company Hakan went bankrupt.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Skanska established a subsidiary Skanska Oy in Finland, which received and continued to complete the unfinished construction sites in Haka.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

In the administration of the company, Skanska received the former management of Haka almost completely: former Haka CEO Eero Makkonen became CEO.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The goal of the new company was tough: already after a year the turnover had to be more than 1 billion.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Skanska Oy was able to achieve rapid growth with the help of Hakka sites.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Later, Skanska Ltd. expanded through numerous acquisitions.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[7] Destinations in Finland Skanska built a 21-storey apartment building Leppävaara Tower in Espoo.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

The house was completed in summer 2010.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Skanska has also built other tower houses: The Meritorni of Kivlahti in Espoo is 17 storeys, Tikkurila's Kielotorni in Vantaa is 16-storey, and the 15-storey Horisontti was completed in Jyväskylä Lutakko in 2008.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[8] [9] [10] Also completed in 1997, Hartwall Arena (now Hartwall Arena) is built by Skanska.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Kickback scandal in Argentina Natural gas company Transportadora de Gas Norte (TNG) built a natural gas pipeline from Bolivia to Argentina.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Skanska won part of the bidding.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

According to a Transparency International (TI) report (2008), an anonymous tip and internal audit revealed a suspected bribe and tax evasion suspicion in the project.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

With the help of a cover firm, $4.3 million in bribes was thought to have been paid.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

Skanska fired seven executives and paid $5 million in taxes.


Question: Where was Finland in the Transparency International index in 2008?

Skanska

[11] Sources Category:OMX Stockholm 30 Index Category:Construction companies in Finland Category:Swedish listed companies Category:OMX Nordic 40 index


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement (sometimes Lapuan movement) was a Finnish right-wing radical [1] anti-communist popular movement influenced between 1929 and 1932.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In its initial phase, the movement was pan-bourgeois in nature, but after achieving its primary objective, the prohibition of communist activities, the movement became radicalized and lost the support of the Agrarian and moderate right.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement ceased after the failed Mäntsälä Rebellion (27 February — 6 March 1932), after it had failed to overthrow the legitimate government.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The political programme of the movement was continued by the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) from 1932 to 1944.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Main features of the movement's background and development The movement said that the cornered party politicking had poisoned the state atmosphere and caused parties to forget about the interests of the Motherland and Finns.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In place of the “rampant” parliamentarianism, firm governmental powers had to be replaced by the Lapuan Lieue Ry, among other things, a majority election.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the opinion of Docent Jussi Niinistö, the Lapuan movement was the most powerful popular movement in Finnish political history, if not the most powerful in the history of Finland, since it got through all its original demands between 1929 and 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Initially, the People's Movement was a “posture movement” in support of the government, but soon morphed into a protest movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement had several different means of influence.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Civic assemblies, civic embassies, delegations, demonstrations of mass power and various pleadings were peaceful modes of action of the popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Also influential were mounting clamping on Labour houses and “purges” of local councils, in which local councillors known as communists were pressured and intimidated into resigning from their positions of trust.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement did not curl force, which also led to the breaking of the laws.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous form of activity was the “pluses” (rides) of communists and other leftists, which were more or less violent.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those ridden ended up across the eastern border into the Soviet Union.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Under the “Lapuan Law”, in addition to illegal rides, the Lapuans committed numerous assaults and even a few murders.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[3] From the end of 1929 until the end of 1930, the Lapuan movement functioned as a spontaneous popular movement with Ostrobothnia as its staunch support area and Vihtori Kosola, a charismatic farmer, activist and peasant as its ideological leader.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Initially, the core organisation of the popular movement was Suomen Lukko, with Artturi Leinonen as its leader.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In general, the spelling lapuanmovement refers to precisely this stage of popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In its own time, however, the popular movement was commonly referred to as just the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In November 1930, the movement reorganized into an organization under the name Lapuan Liika Ry, which, however, still retained the proportions of a popular movement thanks to its 30000 active members.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

This organization was dissolved after the failed Mäntsälä Rebellion (27 February — 6 March 1932) on 24 March 1932.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The main difference between the Lapuan Movement and the Lapuan Movement was the latter's insistence on the prohibition of social democratic, that is, all remaining Marxist activities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The original popular movement relied on so-called white labour, i.e. non-socialist laborers, especially the Cörty peasants, as well as the rest of the rural population, clergy, civil servants and other educated and civilized middle classes.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's Liika Ry, on the other hand, emerged with the gradual radicalization of the popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Its active adherence included the so-called upper middle class, namely senior civil servants, wealthier civilisation, more authoritative clergy, powerful military leaders, as well as industrialists and other representatives of the corporate world.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[4] The Lapuan movement took influences from various far-right parties in Europe, especially the Fascists in Italy.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Mussolini's rise to power and activities in Italy were openly admired among the Lapuans.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[5] Although the Lapua movement was combined with the pan-European anti-communist, right-wing radical and bourgeois movement of its time, it does not always count as a right-wing radical.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Right-wing radicalism subsequently emerged from the tradition of post-activism and was represented by subsequent smaller organisations influenced from the mid-1930s onwards, which had generally emerged from the inner circle of the highly educated and many times Lapua movement in its time.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[4] At the party-political decision-level, a form of Finnish right-wing radicalism was mainly represented by the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL), which was established as an extension of the disbanded Lapua Liiku Ry on 5 June 1932 in Hämeenlinna.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The ideological basis and historical background of the whole popular movement was the Finnish Civil War and other events of 1917—1918.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After the war, it seemed that the extreme left had been wiped off the political map of Finland, and Finland's bourgeois democracy was not threatened.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Communist Party of Finland (SKP), founded in the Soviet Union, began to operate in Finland in the 1920s through the Finnish Socialist Workers' Party (SSTP) (1920-1923) and its successor Socialist Workers' and Small Farmers' Electoral Organisation (STPV) (1924—1930).


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists won 27 seats in the parliamentary elections in 1922, 18 seats in 1924, 20 seats in 1927 and 23 in 1929.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

As early as 1923, the Kallion I government had implemented the so-called “Kallio cut” and ceased operations of the SSTP, as well as arresting communist actives.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The activation of the far-left was evident in the fact that so-called white workmen, who had been icemen, tribal warriors or who had served in the war in the white forces, were forced to apologise in the labour papers for these “crimes”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The apology took place in public, usually in a communist-controlled workers' magazine.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Unless repented, had to pay fines or pressured to resign from the job.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

According to Docent Jussi Niinistö, work site terror also included violence described as an accident at work.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

He describes it this way: Similarly, Professor Juha Siltala has stated in his doctoral thesis in 1985 that the Communists, with their terror at the site, provided an effective propaganda weapon to bourgeois circles.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

For those who support white Finland in particular, humbling in the face of the “Moscow minions” was a bitter blow.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

During his graduate work in 1967, researcher Pekka Vanhala examined 482 apology cases, 40% of which were political.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In 93% of political cases, the apology was due to the worker's belonging to a patronage council.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

As many as 73% of all public apologies in Southern Ostrobothnia were from former patrons and Civil War veterans.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapua movement later took as one of its objectives the eradication of this phenomenon known as site terror.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In addition, the communists organized strikes at factories and shipyards where commodities were produced for the needs of the state.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The defence industry, for example, was subject to strike action.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In particular, the ten-month-long strike of submarine manufacturer Crichton-Vulcan in Turku in 1927 heated emotions.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Communists received strike instructions from the Soviet Union along with monetary strike grants.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] For the emergence of the anti-communist popular movement, disputes between bourgeois parties also played a major role.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the eyes of the Lapuan movement, the civil war and subsequent state, or White Finland, had been the ideal state of pan-bourgeois and national existence.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The burghers had collectively been on the verge of defeating the red danger from the east, which had been left halfway to tackling.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

White Finland, which mobilized Lapua, was an ideal state of aspiration, whereas for the centrist parties it was only a temporary transition.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the Civil War victory parade, Gustaf Mannerheim had called for firm rule and the preservation of national existence, namely White Finland, but in the view of supporters of a future popular movement, neither of these had materialised.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After the government-style struggle, the ousting of Mannerheim from political life, the red-prisoner amnesties, minority governments of the centrist parties and various crises such as the patronage conflict, the Coalition, effectively excluded from governments entirely, was at odds with the centrist parties ( Agrarian League, National Progress Party) with.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The previously staunchly bourgeois Swedish People's Party again cooperated with the SDP and the SDP again supported centrist minority governments.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[6] This bourgeois dispersal, conflicts arising from front, class and group requests combined with the sense of danger created by the activation of communist activities and the spirit of war of liberation gave rise to the Lapua movement, when in fact, at the birth of the popular movement in 1929, the communist danger was at their very least, and the Social Democrats were already practically adapted and committed to bourgeois democracy.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[7] One of the foundations of the Lapua movement were the strike breaker organisations.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The most famous of these was the Group Vientiraumaa led by Martti Pihkala.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After the strike broke out, the workers of the Vientipeace quarter were brought in to do the work and the labor struggle was broken.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Ostrobothans played an active role in strike breaking activities, for example, during the hardest times of the Vient Peace during the nationwide port strike of 1928—1929, most of the strike breakers were Ostrobothians.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In Southern Ostrobothnia, Vihtori Kosola, a farmer who recruited the Civil War whites already served as a recruiter for picketers, tribal warriors and white people from the Civil War.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] In addition to the Peace of Export, a well-known organization was the Finnish Patronage Association, founded by Gustaf Mannerheim and P. E. Svinhufvud, which distributed anti-communist bulletins to the press.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, anti-communist Enlightenment work was carried out by the Academic Karelia Society and the League of Independence, which broke away from it.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Perhaps the most significant organisation that contributed to the emergence of the Lapuan movement was the League of Front Men of the War of Independence, whose aim was to eradicate communism and eliminate site terror.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Birth of the anti-communist popular movement Lapua Challenge party In November 1929, the Finnish Trade Union Organisation (SAJ) unsuccessfully declared a general strike in the country, with the result that the attitude atmosphere in the country quickly turned anti-communist.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[8] Members of the Communist Youth Union of Finland had begun to bully the burghers by rolling along villages in red sickle and hammer shirts, mocking independent Finland and Christian values.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] The Youth Movement was the most active and pure-learning part of the SKP, extending the spectacular activities recommended by the VI Congress of the Comintern to the core area of “white Finland”, Southern Ostrobothnia during 1929.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[9] For example, at a celebration in Kurika, Jesus was called a “hooker's penis" [8] and a large sign depicting the Soviet flag was erected at the Lapua Workers' House, which read: “Let us strive under this flag”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[8] In Lapua, the communist Lapua Young Workers' Study Association organized SKP on the mandate of the Vaasa headquarters from 23—24.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

November 1929, a challenge party in Lapua, whose repertoire mocked Mannerheim and independent Finland.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] As early as 23 November, local schoolboys had thrown odour bombs at the occasion and scrambled to grate red shirts off the performers.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Police interrupted the celebration before the situation was turning into an aerial brawl.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Communists who arrived on the evening train on 23 November were not allowed to land from the train and gunfire could be heard from the Workers' House.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[9] Finally, the next day on November 24, about 1,000 people surrounded the Labor House.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuans marched inside the house under the leadership of Vihtori Kosola and said: “There have been enough mockery of God, treasonous activities and degraded the Motherland, now the play stops here once and for all!”


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Following the announcement, the Lapuans violently took off their communists' red shirts and, after a harsh confession by Emil Tabell, an MP who arrived, threw out Emil Tabell, who had arrived at the scene.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[8] [9] Eventually the incident turned into a mass brawl, calmed down by the newly arrived police officers.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In skirmish e.g.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

were torn from the walls of the Labour House with signs “God help the burghers” and “God has empowered capitalists to be robbers”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[8] Eventually the Communists were driven out of Lapua by schoolboy pranks and taunts.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Communist-held Lapuan Workers' House was nailed shut.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

When it had to be opened again, following a change in circumstances in September 1931, a new domestic political crisis arose.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Citizens' meetings Gustav Tiitu, an agrarian farmer, contacted Artturi Leinonen, editor of newspaper Ilka, to call a citizens' assembly.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

A notice was published in Ilka and Vaasa magazine: “The Citizens' Assembly of Southern Ostrobothnia in Lapuan Seuratalo next Sunday, 1 December, starting at 1 p.m.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting will be presented with the growing sedition activities of the Communists.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

A bunch of Lapuans”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the end, more than 2000 people came to the Citizens' Assembly and from other provinces, and the committee that organised it included the Coalition Rector Hilja Riipinen and the Vicar K. R. Kares of Lapua, in addition to Tiitu, Leinonen and Kosola.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting in Lapua lasted more than three hours and more than 80 speeches were used.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In his speech, Leinonen expressed that the common will of the people was to crush communism and asked if it could be accomplished by legitimate means.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Referring to the 1925 Supreme Court decision to abolish the communists' front organization, Kosola criticized that the Communists do not “respect the religion and common fatherland held sacred by the Finnish people, the laws of Finland, and nothing else that is held sacred by us from generation to generation”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, not all of the speeches corresponded to the legality of Leinonen and Kosola, for example, Helsinki-based activist Ahto Sippola called on the participants of the meeting to take arms with them and march to Helsinki.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

One of the prominent speakers of the Citizens' Assembly was the High Awakening leader Vihtori Duke, who said: “Selfish requests are prevalent and they are not understood by the men of 1918.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

It wasn't parliament that saved us in 1918, there were only intrigues and babbles.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Whoever God wills to drown, that he beats with blindness”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting expressed disappointment with the volatile domestic political situation and the fact that parties, particularly the bourgeois parties, when competing with each other, did not care in which direction Finland was heading.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, the assembly unanimously decided that all forms of activity of the SKP had to be abolished or else civil war would break out.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In its closing statement, it did not understand “why freedom of expression can be used to slander and discredit everything that is the basis and foundation of the chaste and legal knowledge of the Finnish people.”


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Furthermore, it wondered how a treasonous party was allowed so freely to act to dismantle all its system, which allowed the whole of this treasonous party to exist.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, the meeting gave all its support to the state power to eradicate communism.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although the Lapua meeting of 1 December 1929 was the most impressive, it was by no means the only one, nor the first.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently pursuing a pan-bourgeois front, the Karelian Civil Union organised its first citizens' assembly on 29 November 1929 at Sortavala Seuraroom.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Karelian Civil Union, founded in 1917 in the Vyborg region, had already planned anti-communist civic activities in autumn 1929 and had been tasked with organising civic assemblies.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting linked the incipient movement to the 1918 battle and expressed all support for the Ostrobothians: “Hopeless would be the future of our people, if the Finnish blood would not fizzle when he saw the cataluses of the profane fatherland.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In January 1918, the hearts of the men of Ostrobothnia and Karelia beat with strong feelings.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

It still does.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The law of honor is the law of a man”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On 1 December 1929, citizens' assemblies of hundreds of participants were held in Kuopio, in addition to activist, Master Antti Sarven and Councilman Eero Hämäläinen in Kuopio, under deputy judge K. A. Raevaara and Asessori Onni Heinonkoski in Mikkeli, farmer, MP Evert Nukar and Head of the Southern Häme Patron District under Ernesti Suolahti in Hämeenlinna, Director K. Brofeldt in Kotka and District Physician W. Vartiovaara in Savonlinna.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

All the meetings stated their support for any decision, whatever they would take in Lapua.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Apparently, civic assemblies had already been planned much earlier, judging by their coincidence.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the order of business at the meetings was the same in all localities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[10] Citizens Delegations The Lapuan assembly decided to send a 20-person delegation headed by Artturi Leinose to Helsinki to ask the government to act to stop the sedition work of the communists.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the morning, on Independence Day, 6 December 1929, 1,000 people were facing the legation at the Helsinki railway station and the Academic Karjala-Seura (AKS) led by Vice-President Vilho Helanen.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On December 7, the delegation brought the decisions of the Lapuan assembly to the attention of the minority government in Kallio.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The embassy was received by all parliamentary groups except the Communists.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the embassy visited the President of the Republic Lauri Kristian Relander.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The president was moved to tears when Hilja Riipinen, who served as President, announced that the people were demanding more acts than speeches from the state power.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Relander gave all his support to the popular movement, writing that the People's Movement “has been a blessing to this country and the people, of that I am sure”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On the evening of the same day, the embassy was invited to the Fourth of July celebrations organised by AKS.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

AKS gave full support to the movement and Urho Kekkonen announced his support in the organisation's voice supporter Suomen Heimo.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Kekkonen indicated that improving workers' conditions would be supported, but no sympathy for the Soviet Union.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Part of the embassy was still visited by an independence fighter, State Counsellor J. R. Danielson-Kalmar, who likewise expressed support for the movement's goals.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] After the Lapuan mission, delegations from different provinces began arriving in Helsinki and new meetings were organized.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The situation developed really quickly in early December 1929.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

This first phase of the popular movement was very happy to be welcomed by the state and considered it to be a healthy and uniting state life while at the same time suspecting its power.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The social democrats, who were fairly socialist at the time, accepted the anti-communist movement, not seeing it as a disadvantage, but rather a benefit.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The demands of the embassies produced the first victory of the popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Just before Christmas 1929, a new Association Act was passed, forbidding the creation of a new association to replace the disbanded one.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On this basis, the communist study associations could be abolished.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The second meeting of Lapua and the second major citizens' meeting at Lukko Lapuan Seuratalo of Finland took place on 15 March 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting was officially nationwide and more formal anyway, as the meeting was only allowed for delegates from other organizations and civic assemblies.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

For an admission fee, the public was able to enter the


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In addition to Artturi Leinonen, the co-chairperson is H. A. Koristo from Turku, bank manager Isak Kaitera from Oulu and agricultural advisor Aatos Schildt from Jyväskylä.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The secretaries were Deputy Judge Lauri Halme and Kauhajokelic Consulate M.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

E. Brush.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The atmosphere at the meeting was considerably more tense and radicalized by the end of November.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Although Artturi Leinonen and Vihtori Kosola, who became leaders of the movement, emphasised moderation in line, the field people at the meeting were fed up with politicians and other powers, gradually leaning more and more towards direct action in the foreign parliament.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The leading figures of the radical line were Rafael Haarla, vicar of Lapua, and Gunnar von Hertzen, vicar of Lapua, and Gunnar von Hertzen, Iceman Major.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The enlightenment director of Northern Uusimaa's patron municipal district, Freeman Lauri Yrjö-Koskinen, insisted on acts rather than enlightenment, but mainly meant enacting stricter anti-communist laws.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The atmosphere of the movement was radicalized because the activities of the communists, despite the promises of politicians, were not abolished.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Those in favour of the Direct Action line justified their opinion by the fact that “patriotic rebellion” was preferable to “patriotic legality”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

They also justified by historical considerations; at first, the icemen had acted against the then law, but still their importance had been of great importance to Finland.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

MPs known as Communists were on various committees, where they also had access to sensitive and secret national defence information.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The meeting dealt mainly with the communist press, which was not suppressed because in parliament the Social Democrats, RKP and Communists opposed the restrictions of the Freedom of Print Act.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Lapualla was particularly irritated by the communist Voice of Work (1924—1930) appearing in Vaasa, which proclaimed atheism and the world revolution.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Although it appeared on the basis of the meeting that the popular movement was already splintering in two, the meeting reached a unanimous conclusion: It was decided to establish an anti-communist and site terror NGO, which was to assemble all anti-communist entities as an umbrella organisation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

An association was born called Suomen Lukko, whose 32-member delegation was chosen as the convener of Vihtori Kosola.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Later, at Kosola's suggestion, Artturi Leinonen became chairman of Luko of Finland.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Martti Pihkala, acting as assistant student Mikko Jaskari, was responsible for financial affairs.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The seat of the organization was named Lapua, but the office was placed in Helsinki.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The members of the Finnish Luko were mainly agrarian and coalitionist in party affiliation, and there were only a few supporters of direct active action.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the fight against communism, Lukko of Finland supported the Enlightenment and legal methods of action.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the Agrarian League it was hoped and believed that the popular movement would only be channeled in support of the government, but supporters of direct action were not enthusiastic about the slow association activity of the Finnish Luko.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Action The Voice of Work fell silent The motion for amendment to the Freedom of Print Law Lapua was irritated by the opposition of the Left and the Swedish People's Party (RKP) to an amendment to the Law on Freedom of Printing, which was not adopted as desired by the Parliament in the early spring of 1930.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The movement's attempt was to transfer control of the Freedom of Printing Act to the Attorney General appointed by the President of the Republic from the Minister of Justice, allowing the latter to decide in the Council of State the matter without discussing the closure of printing presses deemed to have violated it in accordance with the Freedom of Printing Act.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Example case of Vaasa County The apparent unity of a popular movement lasted only 13 days from the founding meeting of the Finnish Lukko.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

At the head of the movement, it was decided to disrupt the activities of the communists, and a newspaper printed in Vaasa, near Lappa, Vaasa, was chosen as the target.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Gustav Tiitu had advocated minor daytime interference in printing, but he opposed the destruction of the printing presses.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Although it seemed to rest, Yrjö Nikula, the former titular of Lapua and head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia, continued to plan the attack.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

If the participants were caught in their act, Trade Advisor Rafael Haarla had promised to pay them potentially reprehensible damages.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[11] Strike to the printing press On the night of March 28, 1930, direct action began.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the port area of Vaasa, farmer Pentti Alasaari fired a couple of shots into the air with his Mauser M1916 pistol to distract the police and give them an alibi.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

At the same time, Vaasa's internal telephone connections were disrupted, and 13 Lapuan men led by Yrjö Nikula, the head of the Bank of Southern Ostrobothnia and former titular man of Lapua, and Gustav Vannas, a motorist from Yurasa, broke in and broke up the print of the Voice of Work.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The act was apparently carefully planned under Nikula's leadership.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The perpetrators soon came to light, as police found a scoop lamp knife on the floor of the printing press bearing the name of Kullervo Leskinen, an employee of the Lapua cartridge factory.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] On 3 April, the third citizens' meeting was held in Lapua in connection with the dissolution of the printing of the Voice of Work.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola's leadership, the meeting prepared a telegram that was sent to Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Telegram confirmed that the Lapuan people's movement and Kosola were bent on illegal activities, but according to the text, the movement had not settled against the government: the division of the Lapuan movement Suomen Lukko separates Parliament was surprised by the act and the Youth Republicans Kyösti Kallio and under the leadership of Helsingin Sanomat called for severe punishment of perpetrators.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates realised that the attack was a vote of no confidence by the Lapuans in the actions of Parliament.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The act also sparked controversy among the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Some of those involved could not accept the illegalities.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

When Lukko of Finland, led by Artturi Leinose and Gustav Tiitu, disassociated himself from the act and condemned it as a crime, the popular movement broke in two.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Vihtori Kosola, the leader of Vihtori Kosola, had not endorsed the plan at the stage of its drafting, but stood down to support the act, declaring that the one responsible for the act was in fact the parliament, which had not begun the process of eradicating communism.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Artturi Leinonen, who had denied carrying out the attack, and Gustav Tiitu and Lukko of Finland lost their central place in the popular movement and the movement that started direct action took Vihtori Kosola as its leader, who himself had not sought a prominent position.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

His household, Kosola, became the central headquarters of the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The Lapuans publicly declared themselves in large numbers as perpetrators of the attack and supporters of the act.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Under Kosola, Yrjö Nikula, Vihtori Herkena and Ilmajokelainen bank manager Iivari Koivisto signed up as authors and supporters of the work.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Eventually, Lapuan farmer Jussi Muilu, trainee Yrjö Hissa, and peasants Simo Lahdensuo and Jussi Perämäki became the actual violators.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Rafael Haarla, the trade adviser, agreed to pay all the fines of those convicted.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the first issue of Activist n, the main voice supporter of the Lapuan movement</i>, 650 people registered as supporters of the act.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The magazine became popular and was sold as many as 10,000 copies.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The journalistic line reported by the newspaper was strongly anti-communist.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Vaasa riot and the Asser Salon ride on 4 June 1930 at Vaasa Raastuvancourt began to be dealt with the issue of breaking the print print of the Voice of Work.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The predominance knew that the day would cause Lapuan movement, but the Popular Movement refused to cancel the demonstration.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Early in the morning 1800 Lapuans arrived in Vaasa in 200 cars decorated with Finnish flags.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Demonstratively, the procession of cars stopped first at the dispersed printer and in front of the landlord's official residence.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The men then made an honorary visit to the hero tombs of Vaasa, during which hymns and patriotic songs were sung, as well as speeches were given.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Vaasa District Riot While the trial was in progress, the Lapuans assaulted Eino Nieminen, who was acting as a witness, who was alleged by Detective Central Police (EK) to be a red officer and an organiser of SKP.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the courthouse's second-floor vestibule, Eino Nieminen had to kiss with the peasants who surrounded him.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After Sanaharka, supporters of the Lapuan movement carried Nieminen down the stairs outside the courthouse, tore off his clothes and assaulted Nieminen.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The mob followed the act from the sidelines and police did not intervene.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Press photographer Paavo Poutiainen instigated the perpetrators, and one of the most famous images in Finnish press history was taken.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Some ten other leftists were also assaulted by the Lapuans, among them Allan Asplund, editor of the Vaasan social democratic magazine Nya Folkbladet.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In addition, the Lapuans also fell victim to bourgeois minded citizens who tried to prevent beatings, citing the rule of law.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] However, police master Gunnar Tallroth eventually rescued the battered Nieminen and took him to the police station.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Nieminen was able to leave the police station just before supporters of the Lapuan movement penetrated the building and inspected it up to the cells without the force of the police officers or wanting to prevent this.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

When the cause of the Voice of Work, Communist MP Asser Salo stepped out of the courthouse, the riot worsened.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Despite the fact that Governor Bruno Sarlin tried to appeal for peace in the district, the supporters of the Lapuan movement took hold of Salo and paraphrased this.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Lapua's movement had already been planning to kidnap Salo when he had arrived to hear the injunction.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Detective Central Police (EK) followed the incident by without intervening.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen, a BC detective who was present, later joined the radical wing of the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, the Lapuans could not decide what to do with Salo.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Salo was threatened with shooting during the Revelation, but eventually he was taken to Lapua's youth club house, where he was forced to swear that he would never enter Lapua again.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After this, Salo was taken to Viitasaari, where he was let go.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] The men of the Lapuanmovement left after informing the editorial staff of the Voice of Work that the magazine would not be published even after the end of the two-month discontinuation period.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After the Lapuans disembarked, Vaasa remained in the possession of military patrols.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Lapuan Law Originally, Lapuan law meant the 1843 Government Rule and Village Ordinance of Lapua and its implementation.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Also among the Lapuan movement, the right of the Lapuans own hand began to be called Lapuan law.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

According to the idea, the justification of the acts was determined by how much they promoted anti-communist activity.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The legality of the act did not matter, as according to the movement's thought world, the “will of the people” interpreted by the Lapuan movement was above the law.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

On June 5, 1930, the Lapua Movement declared the Lapua Law into force in Southern Ostrobothnia.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[12] In the early morning hours of 8 June 1930, Yrjö Hissa and Jussi Perämäki, who took part in the disbanding of the print of the Voice of Work, committed double suicide.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The youths who were detained were counted as the first victims of the popular movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

They were buried with a hero's funeral in Lapua and Kosola laid a wreath on the tomb, which read the words of Kaarlo Kramsu's Ilkka poem: 'No justice in the land, who himself will not have'.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The phrase became one of the motto phrases of the Lapua movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Later in the summer, the second motto became “We do what we will”.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Summer 1930: period of pressure Bruno Sarlin of the Progress Party was removed from his duties as a landlord and Colonel Erik Heinrichs was appointed in his place, which it was hoped would improve the intervals between state power and locals.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In mid-June 1930, however, the Lapuan movement began large-scale rides, or pluses; 254 rides or rides were made during the summer.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Three rides ended in the victim's death and most of the rides were assaulted.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[13] The relapses were carried out both by local Lapuans and by the strike forces of the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Kosola wanted to press the ride-hailing government to resign and get Pehr Evind Svinhufvud of the National Coalition as prime minister.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In their speeches, the Progress Party and the Agrarian League protested the movement's radicalisation and acts of violence, but did not withdraw their support from the Popular Movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In the summer of 1930, pressure from the Lapuans was at its peak.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The People's Movement also achieved its most important goal in succeeding in ending communist activities practically altogether.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

After the summer, most of the leading communists were serving time in prison, the labour magazines had been abolished and all labour houses closed.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] Due to sympathy or pressure in many provinces, denominators and other officials issued orders to abolish the houses of labour.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In Pohjois-Savo, for example, all 59 workers' houses were closed at the behest of the titular and landlord.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[14] Some politicians felt that it was better to accept lawlessness so as not to break out another civil war.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Prime Minister Svinhufvud (Svinhufvud II government from 4 July 1930 to 21 March 1931) even staked his unqualified support for the uprising and movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

He had visited South Ostrobothnia and the popular movement in mid-June and became convinced of the popular popularity of the Lapuan movement.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

However, K. J. Ståhlberg, the first president of the Republic, agreed that illegality was indefensible, even if it was taken to suppress the crimes and treasonous activities of others.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

[2] A march and delegation for the upcoming march of the Lapuan Movement took place from 20—21.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

June 1930 meeting in Lapua.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

Organizing the march was a large and sizeable job.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

For the meeting, the Lapuan movement invited representatives from all patron districts and at the same time organized a popular movement nationwide.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The Lapuan movement invited and named the persons who were to hold meetings in their respective localities, who would again designate them as their representatives by signing a power of attorney.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In practice, the credentials demanded by the Lapua movement were signed without any organized meetings.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

At this point, among others, Dr. Kai Donner officially joined the Lapua movement as a representative of Eastern Uusimaa.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The delegates formed arrangements for the march to handle the delegation of the Lapuan Movement, which thus became the official Lapuan Movement Representative Council.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

The delegation consisted of 16 representatives from Southern Ostrobothnia, one from all other provinces, and from Vyborg and Helsinki, two representatives from both.


Question: In what year is the Lapuan movement founded?

Lapuan Movement

In total, this national representative council consisted of 31 delegates.