Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Brick collected from the ruins of the city was used as the building material.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

After the postal car depot ceased operation, the premises were renovated for the Rovaniemi Art Museum, which opened in 1986 [39].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The building was transformed into the House of Culture Korundi in 2011.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Marttiini's old factory (Vartiokatu 32) was built in 1940.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was partially destroyed in the wars, but repaired after them.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It is the only old industrial building in Rovaniemi to be spared from the ravages of war.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today the building houses office space, residential apartments, a Marttiini factory store, and a medical center.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Girls' House (Kansankatu 9) is a wooden house dating from the early 20th century.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house served as a residence for the teachers of the Stone School, which was located next door, destroyed in the Lapland War.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today it serves as a space for gender-sensitive youth work, which, with the exception of open days, is only accessible by girls [41].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Raumankulma (Ainonkatu 3) was completed just before the wars to house the car dealership in Ville Rauma.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today, the house houses merchandise shops and restaurants.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Aho car dealership house (Koskikatu 27) is still located.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today, Aho Auto's premises is Kukkola Yhkki OY.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The railroaders' house (Poromiehentie 7) is also known as the trackmaster's house and was completed in 1910.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today, the house operates an interior design shop and is surrounded by the Track Master's Park.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Osuuspankintalo (Koskikatu 7) was built in 1936 as a house in Pohjolan Osa-Pankki.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It burned in the devastation of Rovaniemi from within, but the walls remained standing.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house has commercial premises in which works e.g.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

bank and realtor.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The steel stone house (Valakatu 33) was built in 1933.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Its walls were preserved in the war.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The protected house will remain part of the future “ten block.”


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Co-operative shop (Valakatu 22) was built in 1933.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was left in the devastation of Rovaniemi, destroyed inside.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Sokos served in the house until 1993, after which it has housed e.g.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

restaurants.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The House of Commerce Company (Valtakatu 24), the stone house of Rovaniemi Kauppayhtiö Oy was completed in 1920 as a business house.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It partially burned, but was rebuilt one storey higher than the original.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house of the Uittoliitto (Koskenranta 1) is located north of Ounaskoski bridge, looking behind the adjacent Niskanen house.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was designed by the architectural firm Lappi — Seppälä — Martas and was completed in 1937.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The building is a gray two-story stone building and is located in the county government block, which also houses a series of office and residential buildings built in the late 1940s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today the building houses the Rovaniemi office of the Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency (Tukes).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The county hospital (Hospitalakatu 1) was built in 1937 next to the old hospital.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The old hospital was destroyed during the Winter War bombing on 31 January 1940.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The county hospital was also damaged in the war, but was repaired and today operates as part of Hospitalakatu Health Station.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house of Nopanen (Jyrhämänkuja 5) was a residential house for Väinö Nopanen, who ran a gold and watchmaker shop.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Children's Hospital (Läteentie 16) was built in the early 20th century.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was damaged in the war but was repaired and still operated for a long time in its original purpose.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today the house houses the Steiner School in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The district of Sahanperä contains some surviving buildings from the period before World War II.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Pulse Disease Hospital (Katajaranta 2) was built in the 19th century.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The building has received a demolition sentence.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Mylläri's house (Kiviniemenkatu 24) in Katajaranta dates from the 19th century and is still held by the family as well as inhabited.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house with its courtyard is classified in the provincial formula as a significant cultural environment.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The courtyard is defined by buildings on three sides characteristic of the aft bottomland style.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Located on its two sides are the former main building (the oldest surviving building in the urban area) and the current main building (1820), built in the late 18th century.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The courtyard includes an additional yard building built in 1939.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The building group is located just off the coast of Kemijoki.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Kiruna district on the southern slope of Ounasvaara was created so that during the intermediate peace the Swedes donated 30 prefabricated wooden houses to the Rovaniemi merchant sector as a result of civic collection.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

When the gift houses were completed in January 1941, tiles were attached to their walls telling the origin of the houses.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Most of the gift houses burned down in the Lapland War along with the rest of Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Eight houses were spared from destruction in Kirunankatu and one house in Välikatu.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

However, the character of the area after the war did not change, as new houses were built on the former stone legs.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The area between Kirunankatu and Laitakatu is currently protected by the formula.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Niemelä House (Parsonilantie 75 A) in Pennant cloth was built in the 19th century as the main building of the farm and represents the Afterbothian style [42].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Later, the house has served as a war hospital for the Germans during the Continuation War, and as a folk school until the 1950s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today the house is available for rent as well as for various occasions.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Significant buildings and cultural environments have also survived outside the urban area.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Hirva railway stop [43] was built in the first decade of the 20th century.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In addition to the stop building, the building stock of the former stop includes a residential house with economic buildings.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

From the stop, birch alley leads to nearby Hirva Forest School.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Körkö's house group in Lapinsuvanno, Kemijokivarse consists of three stern bottomland yards representing riverside settlements, one built after the war and a large number of granaries and barns in an open farming landscape.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The village of Ruika is also representative.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The oldest of the Ruikka premises is Ala-Ruikka, whose main building was built at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Teljasuvanno swimming base on the banks of Ounas River dates back to the 1920s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Located on the rocky beach, the yard includes a bathing sauna, latrine, storage room and loiteri.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The environment is a modest reminder that Rovaniemi has been “the cradle of dude culture.”


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Marrasjärvi is an example of early villages built outside the main riverbanks and routes, with building stock dating back to the pre-Lapland War period.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The building stock of the village is mainly inherited from the 1770s, but there is also a 1735 built Nätyng granary moved from elsewhere.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Ollila farm was established in the 1790s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The most cohesive building groups are Kielkenlä, Kallio, Kaishannu, Rauhala and Niemelä, as well as Ylitalo located separately.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Many of these form intact yard circles.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Located on the isthmus between Olkkajärvi and Olkkalampi, the courtyards of the Kieldharju and Keskialo farms (founded in the 1850s) represent the most typical of the Afterbothnian peasant construction.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In addition to residential buildings, there are several agricultural related economic buildings in the courtyard districts.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The main building of the field ridge dates from about 1860 and the mansard roofed main building of the Central House is from the 1920s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The field isthmus area contains one of the largest arable ruins in Northern Finland.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the vicinity of the central house there is also a pyramid-roofed summer water typical and necessary for northernmost Finland.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and a fish field made in the 17th century commemorates the remains of fish tups and their stoves.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

According to tradition, in ancient times there was a residence for Forest Sami people in the area.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

After the Second World War, buildings have also been demolished from the ravages of war in Rovaniemi: the station restaurant of the railway station (Hallisikatu 9), completed in 1935, was long occupied by the Rovaniemi Theatre after the wars.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house was demolished in the 1980s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today a grass court and a set of flagpoles are located on the site.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Along the Vallkakatu were preserved the house of Alaruokanen (see.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

above) on the south side of Huhtala house, Konttinen house and two other houses, and on the north side Ruokanen house.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The houses on the south side today have apartment buildings, and the Rovaniemi Court of Appeal is located on the site of the Ruokanen house.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Valtonen's house, located in Rovakatu 26, the mansard roofed detached house of the pharmacist Valtonen was demolished to make way for the building now known as Kauppakero, which was completed in 1956.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Ainonkatu 4, opposite Raumankulma cinema Inaria and hostesses Aino Poikela (from which Ainonkatu derives its name), was spared the destruction of the cheque, but was later demolished and the apartment building built in the 1960s is located on the site today.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Heikkilä House and Vuoristo House were dwelling houses between the present Pekankatu and Ruokasenkatu, and were among the few residential buildings spared from destruction in the area.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today there are apartment buildings on their site.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

At the intersection of Rovakadu and Koskikatu were located the houses of Aho, both white in colour.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Karjapohjola House (Koskikatu 25) was completed in 1939, and demolished in 1986 on the site today, off the road from the Revontulikeskus shopping centre.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Autt beer factory (Koskikatu 1) was located opposite the hotel Pohjanhov.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was founded by Kalle and Siina Auttti, but moved in 1933 to become part of Tornio's Porter and Beer Factory, or Lapin Kulä.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the war, only the walls remained standing, but Lapland gold rebuilt the roof and interior and continued drinking into the 1970s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today on the site is located the hotel Rantasipi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Located on the northern edge of Old Market, Saastamoinen's house was the main building of merchant Robert Saastamoinen's house group, besides which the garage of the house was also spared from war destruction.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The house was demolished in the 1960s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today an apartment building is located on the site.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

On the western edge of Old Market, the Crafts School and Gråsten House (approximately at the present Korkalonkatu 37 and 39) were spared from the destruction of the war.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The craft school ended up being used by schoolchildren returning from the Evako in 1945.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today, apartment buildings built in the 1970s and 1980s are located on their sites.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Near Lainanranta, the house of shoe and clothing merchant Jussi Puhaka, and between the ferry beach and the saharandah, the house of Eevi Ämplä, where municipal meetings had been held since the 20th century.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today the Peace Society house (Ruokasenkatu 3) is located on the site of the Peace Society house, but the current red brick apartment building was built in the 1960s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

A mansard roofed detached house built in 1935 was located at Sentry Street 13.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It was demolished in the early 1980s, and the site occupies an apartment building built in the 80s.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Located on pennant cloth, built as a staff building by the Germans during the war, fell into disrepair in the 1960s and was demolished in the 1970s because the city council judged it too expensive to repair it.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Among the architects who have been active after World War II, the most important of the architects in Rovaniemi have been influenced by Alvar Aalto and Ferdinand Salokangas.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The small and high-rise area of Korkalonrinte - known to local residents as Tapiola - is designed by Alvar Aalto, built in the late 1950s and early 60s, and consists of two four-storey apartment buildings (Sompiontie and Poroelontie) and three two-storey townhouses (Sompiontie, Tanhuantie and Poroelontie).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The area has made it onto the National Board of Museums National Significant Built Cultural Environments list [44].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Maison Aho (Pohjolankatu 32) is a detached house designed by Alvar Aalto.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The building was commissioned in 1964 by Aarne Aho and completed on the basis of Aalto's sketches and the subscriber's proposals the following year.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The building has reached the National Board of Museums National Important Built Cultural Environments [45], as well as Aho residential apartment buildings Koskikatu 18 (finished.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1959), an integral related Koskikatu 20 (finished.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1962) and Jaakonkatu 3 (finished.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1963) was designed by Alvar Aalto.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Inapolku 3, an apartment building designed by Ferdinand Salokanka.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Ferdinand Salokanka Residential and Atelier House (finished


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1953, Bear Pouring Road 24).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The townhouses in Evakkotie (Evakkotie 73) are designed by Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen and originally built for Finnish Defence Forces personnel in the 1960s (completion year 1970).


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

A close-knit area consisting of 12 townhouses (126 dwellings in total) is located southwest of Korkalonrinte.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Pirttikoski Power Plant Colony consists of a concrete power station (finished.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

1960), from quarried rock cuts, a workers' housing area built on the western bank of the Kemijoki River in the 1950s (with a total of 65 dwellings), and the Parish House Luusuanpirt on the west side of the power station, designed by Kai Blomstedt, on the west side of the power station. and Birger Stenbäck.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Sculptures, artworks and memorials on the website of the city of Rovaniemi you can find a list of public works of art in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[46] Near Jätkäncandle in the centre there is a 1955 statue of Jätkäne sculpted by Kalervo Kallio, showing a log dude peeling pine logs.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

As May, the dude gets a white cap on and the students sing May Day songs at the foot of it.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Next to the central elementary school on Pohjolankatu lies the Chain of Arms, designed by Bengt Lissegårdh, completed in 1964 for the Swedish and Norwegian Volunteers of the Winter War, consisting of a statue and a fountain; the statue, in turn, consists of four large ketting-links, that symbolize the Scandinavian countries.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Next to the railway station, on the hillside lies the 1944—1955 monument of Lapland reconstruction known to the townspeople as Puluradar; it was made by sculptor Kari Huhtamo and unveiled in 1981.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In front of the town hall is Kain Tapper's sculpture The Birth of the Mountains, completed in 1988.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Alvar Aalto's Aurora Borealis sculpture in the wall of an apartment building in Koskikatu 18—20 shows northern lights and jumping salmon, and dates from 1962.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

There are three sculptures by Kemilian sculptor Professor Ensio Seppänen (b.1924-k.2008) in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

One of them is the Jääkärilikki Memorial (Jääkäripuisto, opposite Lapinkäjänjäntie 31), completed in 1981.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The sculpture is called Broken Shackles and depicts Finland's detachment from Russian rule.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The pale, upright stone in the center depicts an independent Finland, a liberator who has broken off the chains of its former master, Russia.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Other sculptures designed by Ensio Seppänen in Rovaniemi are the monument to the dead of the Swedish Evaco in 1965, erected in memory of the members of the Rovaniemi parish and the beginning of life on Milk, erected by the County of Lapland Agricultural Centre. completed in 1984 and is located in Herva Park.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

There are also other than works of art as memorials.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Next to the railway station, along Ratakadu, there is an old steam locomotive as a monument to railway activity.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

A Folland Gnat fighter jet and two anti-aircraft guns are as a memorial to the air defence at Someroridge on Norvatie.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

On Lake Norva, about 20 kilometres north of the centre, lies the Deutsche Soldatenfriedhof, a red granite chapel designed by German architect Otto Kindt, built between 1959 and 1963 by German architect Otto Kindt and operated during World War II in northern Finland as a memorial and cemetery for fallen German soldiers.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Its foyer lobby contains Ursula Qerner's sculpture “Mother and Son”, the hall contains eight rows of limestone which read the records of some 3,000 German soldiers buried in the basement beneath the hall [47].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

A cemetery for Norwegians who volunteered in the Winter War and fallen in it is also located on Norva Lake.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Tourism Rovaniemi is the official hometown of Santa Claus.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

It can be seen and heard in the street image of the city, in the Arctic Circle and in terms of passenger numbers as Finland's third busiest airport [48].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Events, safaris and places to visit include Arktikum, Science Centre Pilke, Santa Claus Village and Santa Park in the Arctic Circle.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

2006 Eurovisa winning band Lord's vocalist and founder Tomi “Mr.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Lord” Putaansuu hails from Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In December 2006, a Lordi restaurant, Lordi's Rocktaurant, opened in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The restaurant closed in the summer of 2011 and now operates a new restaurant on its premises.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Ounasvaara Ski Resort is located near the town centre, there have been recreational activities in the Ounasvaara area since 1927.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[49] [50] Skiing has been practiced in Rovaniemi since 1943.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[13] Rovaniemi can also be easily travelled by public transport today.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Administration City Council Rovaniemi City Council is the highest deciding institution of the city of Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The council consists of 51 members and Heikki Autto chairs.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Mayors MayoryearKaarlo Hillila1929-1930Paavo Säippä1930-1933Kaarlo Hillila1933-1938Viljo Heino1938-1946Eero Ahmavaara1946-1948Lauri Kailainen1948-1963Tuure Salo1963—1984Matti Pelttari1984—2003Mauri Gardin2003—2012Esko Lotvonen2012— Education in Rovaniemi is the northernmost university and university of applied sciences in Finland and the European Union.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Secondary vocational colleges in Rovaniemi include Lapland Vocational College and Lapland Sports College.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The University of Lapland has four faculties: the Faculties of Education, Law, Arts and Social Sciences.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The University of Lapland has about 4000 undergraduate students.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The educational fields of Lapland University of Applied Sciences include welfare services, trade, culture and tourism, as well as industry and natural resources.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

There are 18 degree programs and about 3000 students.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Culture Rovaniemi hosts the Theatre, Lapland Chamber Orchestra, Lapland Matriculation Theatre, Lapland Music Institute, Lapin Ballet College, Theatre Flying Reindeer and, for example, folk dance ensemble Rimpparemmi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

[56] The Rovaniemi Art Museum is a regional art museum in Lapland County and has 1500 works of contemporary Finnish art in its collections.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi has lively folk dance and folk music activities, with Rimpparemmi and Siepakat probably the most illustrious formations.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In March 2007, the city held a major folk music event Samuel's Poloneesi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

International Folklore Festival Jutajainen is held annually in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

During the summer, the Konttinen Summer Theatre and the new Summer Theatre of the Flying Reindeer are located in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Konttinen Summer Theatre was founded in 1996 and is located on the banks of the Kemijoki River next to Konttinen field.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Konttinen Summer Theatre has presented plays for the whole family, such as Pekka Töpöhää and Cinderella.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The Summer Theatre of the Flying Reindeer was built in summer 2012 from forklift pallets and recycled wood on the top plateau of the Pekankatu parking garage.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In addition to the theatre, the pop-up summer theatre also hosted other cultural programmes such as live music evenings.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Simerock, replacing the earlier Rovaniemi Rock festival, was held in the city for the first time in the summer of 2007.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Down By The Kemijoki festivals were held between 1992 and 2007.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Down By The Kemijoki made a comeback in the summer of 2012.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In the summer of 2016, the City Festival RolloPop will be held, which brings the biggest names in Finnish rock and pop to the newly renovated Keskus Field.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi rock and pop bands that have made more than one album and have achieved some success have included Absolute Nollapiste, Greenhouse A.C., Jalla Jalla, The Nightingales, Tulenkanjat and Supperheads.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Finland's first black metal band Beherit and rap duo Hannibal & Soppa are also Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi is also home to the new generation of undergroundculture influencer Linnunsong Pub, whose leading figures included singer/songwriter Jaakko Laitinen.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In recent years, the Arctic Live Entertainment association has brought numerous heavy metal domestic top names to Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The city of Rovaniemi gives out an annual recognition award for cultural acts.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

A seven-day newspaper Lapin Kansa is published in Rovaniemi, which can be subscribed to the whole province and the twice-weekly urban newspaper Uusi Rovaniemi and the free distribution magazine Lappalainen former Roi Press distributed throughout the Lapland region.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi was nominated for European Capital of Culture for 2011.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The other candidates were Turku, Tampere, Mänttä, Oulu, Lahti and Jyväskylä.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Religious Communities According to the 2018 regional division, Rovaniemi has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [57] Rovaniemi Parish The church's internal revival movements in the locality are particularly the Old Lestadioism, with peace associations in the locality three: Rovaniemi Peace Association [58], Rautionsaari Peace Association [59] and Viirinkylä Peace Association [60].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Other revival movements include the Word of Peace in Rovaniemi, which has a local association Rovaniemi's Sana of Peace [61], evangelism [62], whose student organisation Evangelical Students operates in Rovaniemi, the Fifth People's Mission [63] and Awakening [64].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi is also home to the Lutheran Congregation of Stefanos, part of the Evangelical Lutheran Missionary Shipping of Finland [65].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Other denominations are represented by the Lapland Orthodox Congregation of the Orthodox Church of Finland, whose domain is all of Lapland except the Kemi-Tornio sub-region belonging to the Oulu Orthodox Parish and which has about 1200 members [66], the Pentecostal Pentecostal Congregation of Rovaniemi [ 67], the Free Congregation of Rovaniemi [68], the Free Church of Finland [68] and the Advent Congregation of Rovaniemi [69].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Other denominations are represented by the Mormon congregation of Rovaniemi [70].


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In addition, two congregations of Jehovah's Witnesses operate in Rovaniemi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The free fire brigade, VPK Rovaniemi VPK was founded on 30 September 1900 in the then Municipal Hall at a joint meeting of villagers.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The then name was Rovaniemi Volunteer Fire Extinguiskunta.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

On October 20, the draft rule was ready and approved by the General Assembly.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The actual seal was issued by the Governor of the County of Oulu, who, by decision of 26 November, confirmed the “Statute of the Volunteer Fire Extinguistuskunta of Rovaniemi Kirkonkylä”.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The name of the organisation was soon shortened to the Volunteer Fire Extinguishment Municipality of Rovaniemi and subsequently to the Volunteer Fire Municipality of Rovaniemi, which was officially introduced in the new VPK rules adopted in 1913.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The history of Rovaniemi VPK is a significant part of the history of the Rovaniemi church village, agglomeration community, merchant and town.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

In addition to its actual mission, VPK has also been an important factor in the cultural life of the locality, as the house of the association was the place that made it possible to develop art life in Rovaniemi from the outset.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The VPK house was destroyed in the destruction of the Rovaniemi merchant plant in 1944.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Sports Rovaniemi has a variety of sports facilities.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

With a stay at Rovaniemi in Rovaniemi, you'll be minutes from Lapland Sports College, Lapland Ballet College, football rink, ice hockey rink and ski resort with ski slopes.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Many athletes in winter sports are from the city.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

The intermittent pride of Rovaniemi is also in the Football Championship Series (now.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Veikkausliiga) for 30 seasons fought by Rovaniemi Palloseura.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Other famous ball clubs in Rovaniemi include Santasport in Rovaniemi, and Pallofoxes in the Arctic Circle.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Santasport is the 2008 Finnish Volleyball Champion.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Today on the volleyball side, Woman Volley plays in the women's main series and Team Lakkapää in the men's main series.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Rovaniemi also operates gymnastics club Unbending ry.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Other sports clubs based in Roveniemi include NMKY in basketball, RoKi (Rovaniemi Kiekko) in ice hockey, Rovaniemi Nordmen [71] in American football and Rovaniemi roller derby [72] in roller derby.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Famous Rovaniemi Persons Main article: List of famous Rovaniemi artists Antti Autti, snowboarder Antti Erkinjuntti, hockey player Hannibal (Hannu Stark), rap artist Annikki Kariniemi, writer Teija Kurvinen, 2012 Big Brother winner Martti Kuusela, football coach Hannu Manninen, combined skiing athlete Mr.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Lord (Tomi Puttaansuu), musician Pirjo Muranen, skier Sami Niemi, ski jumper Harri Olli, ski jumper Tanja Poutiainen, alpine skier Janne Ryynänen, ski jumper Eino Sääskilahti, MP (Centre), municipal counsellor Jari Tervo, writer Antti Tuisku, singer Twins Ajka, Hungary Alanya, Turkey Cadillac, United States Drvar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Grindavík, Iceland Harbin, China Kassel, Germany Kiruna, Sweden Murmansk, Russia Narvik, Norway Neustrelitz, Germany Olsztyn, Poland St. Johann in Tirol, Austria Veszprém, Hungary Transport links Highway 4/Europepatie E75 (Helsinki—Lahti—Jyväskylä — Oulu—Kemi—Rovaniemi—Sodanvill—Ivalo-Utsjoki) Kantatie 78 (Rovaniemi—Ranua—Pudasjärvi—Puolanka—Paltamo) Kantatie 79 (Rovaniemi—Kittil—Muonio) Cantatie 81 (Kuusamo—Posio—Autti —Vantauskoski—Rovaniemi) Seututie 926 (Kemi—Tervola—Rovaniemi) Seututie 934 (Rovaniemi (Saarekylä) —Rovaniemi (Meltaus)) Bus connections to other municipalities in Lapland as well as larger cities.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

By rail there are direct trains from Rovaniemi to Oulu, Kuopio, Helsinki, Turku and Kemijärvi.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

There are flights to Helsinki from the airport.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

Distances to other places Hanko 924km Helsinki 832km Ivalo 288km Joensuu 549km Jyväskylä 545km Kemi 117km Kemijärvi 85km Kilpisjärvi 429km Kittilä 149km Kuopio 491km Kuusamo 192km Mikkeli 636km Muonio 235km Nuorgam 496km Oulu 207km Pello 100km Ranua 79km Sodankylä 128km Tampere 683km Turku 827km Vaalimaa 802km Imatra 726km Tornio 123km Boroughs and villages Some of the districts are villages of the former rural municipality, and the longest distance from district to city centre can be almost one hundred kilometers.


Question: In what year has the first seen the Northern Lights?

Rovaniemi

See also Yläkemijoki List of public art works and monuments in Rovaniemi Sources References on topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Kebnekaise (saam.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Giebmegáisi or Giebnegáisi) is the highest mountain or fell in Sweden located in Kiruna Municipality.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The first to conquer the mountain was Charles Rabot in 1883.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

[1] Peaks Kebnekaise has two peaks of nearly equal height, the glacier-covered southern Sydtoppen and the northern, bare Nordtoppen.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Sydtoppen, with its glaciers, has generally been higher than Nordtoppen.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

In the 21st century, Sydtoppen's elevation above sea level has varied between 2097 and 2118 m, depending on the thickness of the glacier.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The height of the solid soil at Sydtoppen is 2070 metres, so without its glacier it would be shallower than the rock-faced Norrtoppen (2097 metres).


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

As the glacier melts, Sydtoppen has been deepening by a metre annually since the late 1990s.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

By the summer of 2018, the Sydtoppen glaciers had melted so that by early August the two peaks were already equal in height, at 2097 meters.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

[2] Routes, Difficulty and Risks There are two marked routes from Kebnekainen fell station to the summit.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

One of the two routes, Östra leden, is life-threatening without proper equipment and a guide who knows the route, because the route involves crossing a glacier, where there is a real danger of falling into the gaps.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Of the routes, the more popular Västra leden (western route) is well marked, and the chance of getting lost is low.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The route from the fell station to Sydtoppen passes through the top of the 1711m high Vierramvare Fell, after which one must descend a few hundred metres lower to the Kaffedalen Pass in order to ascend the Kebnekaise.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

At a few points you have to cross a body of water, but otherwise the terrain is steep and loose rocky.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

You can get through the peak properly, and families with children can also be seen on the route.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

A third option for the summit is to come from the west to Kaffedalen, from where one ascends to the summit of Kebnekaise.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

An unmarked route from the fell station runs from the south-west of the Tuolpagorni Fell along the pass, circles Vierramvare and the fell on its western side from the west and comes along the Durlings route to Kaffedalen.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The route is more gentle, and most continue their journey after the peak so as to circle the entire Kebnekaise mountain clockwise and enter Lake Tarfalajaure.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The risks of climbing to the summit The conquest of Kebnekaise has killed people over the years, but the mountain is not in the same way dangerous as the steep mountains (Mont Blanc or K2).


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Although it is relatively easy to climb on foot to the southern summit of Kebnekaise, so even the southern route is dangerous in some places.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The southern highest snowy peak of 2100m is steep on two sides and can drop a hundred metres perpendicular downwards from there.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The northern peak is a much more dangerous climb than the southern one and more people have died there.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Accidents In June 2010, a Swedish man fell down from the southern peak and died.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The last time two Finnish climbers on the Paratrooper Guild Glacier Course died on the northern peak was in July 2010 when a boulder of rock fell on them.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

[3] In March 2012, a Norwegian military aircraft crashed into the western slope of Kebnekaise.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The entire crew of the plane, five Norwegian Defence Force officers perished.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The plane was engaged in low-flight training in a war situation.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

The point was to fly off the radar hidden between the mountains.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

[4] Weather and climate Snow lasts well into summer, and the best time for molten time hiking is from mid-June to well into September.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

A suitable time for winter hikes is the result of permanent snow for April.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

However, the weather in the mountains can vary rapidly, so it is not uncommon for a hiker to find himself in the middle of a cloud.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Further up, the air is thinner, and as the pressure decreases, the temperature drops by a degree 100m as you go upwards.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

At the peak of Kebnekaise, oxygen levels are approximately 60% to 70% of sea level.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

For commercial aircraft, among other things, the air pressure in the cabin at cruising altitude is around 2100—3000m.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

During the winter, the Kebnekainen area has rising air currents, making it a popular glider spot.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Cloud bongers can be seen in the area e.g.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

lenticular clouds.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

In case of bad weather, there are two fell walkways off the Kebnekainen peak, the older of which is the tallest building in Sweden.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

There are first aid supplies and blankets in the tuvi.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Balusters located around Tupie point to the newer fell art (7535778, 1613630).


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Photos View from Sydtoppen.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Summery view of Kebnekaise.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

View over Laddujujavvri Lake to the mountain.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

See also List of highest points in countries Sources on the topic elsewhere (in Swedish) and Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How high is Kebnekaise?

Kebnekaise

Category:Kiruna Municipality Category:Swedish Mountains Category:Fells Category:Skandit Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

A pyramid scheme is illegal money-raising carried out in a manner comparable to a chain letter or network marketing.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The third designation or form of pyramid schemes are Ponzi schemes, or Ponzi schemes.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The Finnish money-raising law [1] mentions a pyramid game which means the same thing.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The purpose of the pyramid scheme is to raise money later from those associated with the network for the instigators of the collection and those previously associated with the network.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

However, the person who has been defrauded thinks that money is entirely legally obtained, for example money acquired through foreign exchange trading.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

This is possible through misleading marketing and personal trust the participant feels towards the person who presented the idea to him.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Pyramid schemes usually spread through acquaintances when someone in a circle of friends or family history has gone in on the action.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Because of this, the consequences of a pyramid game can be detrimental to relationships if those involved in the game remain in the game to lose.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Pyramid games are now spreading rapidly via the internet and email.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Then those who recruit the victim may not know their victim well and relationships are not as much at risk.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Ponzi Scams A Ponzi scheme is a form of pyramid game in which someone comes up with an imagined or existing investment object for which they raise money by plausibly marketing an idea to others.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The investment object can be anything: a mine, an oil deposit, a distant resort, securities on the stock exchange, a gold reserve, etc.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The most important characteristic of an object is that its true value or existence cannot be verified.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The actual value of the object is only a fraction of what is claimed or the object was invented and doesn't even exist.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

“8-ball” model Many pyramid games are more sophisticated than this simple model.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

In them, it is known that recruiting a large number of participants is difficult, so a simpler model is used to deceive participants.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

In this model, each person must recruit two more, but success is impossible for every player in mind, because the pyramid should increase in depth and width indefinitely: the number of participants should increase exponentially so that everyone can collect the winnings away.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

In reality, the pyramid network increases in depth along the “one-legged” lines, as it is impossible to get more than one participant to each level of the network.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Players at the lowest levels will not help even if all the people in the world join the system.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

At the bottom of the pyramid there will always be the vast majority of players, no matter how many people there are in the pyramid.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

For this reason, the vast majority of players lose their money on the system.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The 8-ball model in the photo includes 15 participants.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Previous designation for this game have been “plane game” and the four levels have been referred to as “Captain, Airmate, Crew and Passengers”.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

These names describe the hierarchical level achieved by the player in the game.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Another earlier designation for the game was “dinner invitations”, where levels were called “dessert, main meal, side dish salad and appetizers”.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The person enjoying dessert is “in the top of the tree”.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The third alternative designation for the game used to be “treasure hunters”, where, according to the classification of gems, from different levels, such designations as “rubies, sapphires, emeralds, diamonds”, etc.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The same designations are still in use in some network marketing pyramids.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Such schemes try to obscure the fraudulent nature of the system by describing them as “donation chains,” where money is “given as a gift.”


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

This is exactly how popular scams work, as exemplified by the “Women Empowering Women” in America.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Participants might even be told such that “donations” are a way to circumvent tax laws.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Regardless of what name the game is used, then the system has 15 players in four levels (1+2+4+8=15).


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The person at the top of the pyramid is the “captain”, two underneath him are “flight co-pilots”, four below them the “crew” and the eight participants in the bottom are “passengers”.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Everyone at the bottom has to pay (or “donate”), for example, 1000 euros to join the scheme.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

This €1000 goes to the captain who goes out of the system 8000 euros richer, with the remaining ones rising one level up each.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

This will result in two new captains, that is, the group will be split in two, each group needing eight new passengers.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

A player who joins the system as a passenger does not receive a refund of his money until he rises to the rank of captain and resigns from the system thereafter.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

This requires that for every captain there must be 14 other participants enlisted in the system.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Under this formula, the bottom three tiers lose their money when new participants are no longer recruited and the system eventually collapses.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Imagine a pyramid chart with participants per level as follows: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and thus indefinitely.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The picture makes it easier to illustrate the point.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The highlighted proportion is a similar group of 15 people depicted by the diagram above.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

No matter how big the chart gets before it collapses, about 88% of all participants lose money.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

If the system collapses at this point, then only they get money out of the system that are in the top four levels (1+2+4+8=15).


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The remaining three levels, or 112 people out of 127, lose everything (16+32+64=112).


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

That's about 88%.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

(112/127×100% = 88.18%) In network marketing and ponzi schemes, losers typically exceed 99%.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

During the peak of the wave of pyramid activity, the number of participants increases rapidly as long as a significant proportion of individuals know someone who has walked out of the system eight times the money invested.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

This incites others to participate in the game in the hope of easy wins.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

This model tells us in simplified form how money enters the system from new investors and moves upwards in the pyramid chart, where the winners reside.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

In this base model, 11.8% of players win, but the correct pyramid is never filled in the optimal way according to the chart shown.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The pyramids grow in reality along “one-legged” lines towards the depth.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The pattern also includes the fact that those who steal the trust get the lion's share of the money.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

They do it in such a way that one person fills the first three levels using bogus names of imagined persons.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

One person then corresponds to the seven people at the top of the pyramid (1+2+4=7) and, as the bottom line grows, can set off the money of eight investors seven times (7×8=56).


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

In that way, he will ensure that he receives EUR 56000 from those associated with the next levels (levels 4, 5 and 6) without investing a cent in the system itself.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

(8+16+32=56 persons) After this, he starts a new similar pyramid.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Another way to trick investors is to form a seven-person cobble that invests nothing in the pyramid but only starts recruiting new players from the fourth level onwards.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Kopla distributes all investors' money that can be connected to the bottom line.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

They claim to follow pyramid allocation guidelines, but since the game does not progress steadily on every level but along one-line lines, they can keep all the money invested for themselves.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

It is extremely rare for someone who has gone later to get their bottom line to increase the first four levels according to the 8-ball model.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

(1, 2, 4 and 8 = 8000 fee) Investors rarely come to think of the fact that they could start a similar pyramid themselves without paying anything to the topline.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

They get instructions from the recruiter and a model of how to play the game and could fake the first seven participants in the game and recruit other players into the system.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Over the Internet, such scams can even succeed when investors do not need to be seen face to face and they never see people on their top lines — certainly not more than one scammer.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

If there are many scammers, then each of them can play the role of investor, even if none of them have invested a cent.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

They only collect the winnings, which is of course illegal, but that is the idea and spirit of the game when it comes to their designers.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Multilevel marketing and pyramid games For a more detailed description of multilevel marketing, see Network Marketing.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

This article only addresses pyramid games implemented in the manner of multi-level marketing, which are illegal in Finland and in general in the world.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Multilevel marketing is, in principle, a legitimate way to market products and services and recruit new recruits to do the same, but it is possible to exploit loopholes established by the law to disguise illegal money collection as normal trading that is carried out in the manner of multi-level marketing.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

In addition to marketing offences (misleading and truthful marketing), breaches of the Consumer Protection Act, fraud and unfair trade practices, these pyramid games disguised as normal trading violate pyramid sales and money-raising activities in different countries laws relating to pyramid selling and front loading).


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

According to research by Dr Jon Taylor [2], an illegal pyramid game implemented like multi-level marketing turns into a Ponzi scheme as the company spreads its operations to new geographies.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

[3] The difference between legitimate network marketing and pyramid play lies in part in whether the money moving in the system comes primarily from the participants themselves (an illegal pyramid game) or from selling products and services to customers outside the network (legal a network marketing company).


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

However, according to Finnish laws and regulations, it is already sufficient to constitute a money-raising offence that only part of the trade is a so-called gratuitous sale, i.e. when products, training and marketing materials are sold at a fair inflated price, it can be interpreted as a crime of collecting money for a gratuitous share i.e. in terms of overprice.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Finnish legislation on pyramid games The new money-raising law [1] entered into force on 1 July 2006.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

It also talks about chain letters and, like them, enforced pyramid games that can be disguised to resemble conventional trading.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Chapter 4, 4) and (5) of the Law: What constitutes gratuitous sales in cases where the activity involves trading and the purchase of products or services is a condition of participation in the game is central to the interpretation of the Act.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

In practice, participation in the game and purchases as a condition means that purchasing products that are clearly overpriced will give you the right to commissions on the turnover of the part of the network enlisted in the participant's bottom line.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

A clear overprice in products and services can be considered as gratuitous sales and illegal money-raising, in which case, despite trading, the operation is an unlawful pyramid game.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The Government's proposal on the new Money Raising Act [4] speaks of multi-level marketing and the pyramid game implemented like it.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Crucial to the interpretation of the law, the report said, is whether participants are paid fees for recruiting new participants from the cost benefit inherent in the distribution method, or whether its participants pay themselves.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

In practice, this means that if participation is conditional on purchasing products that are overpriced, then that excess price can be regarded as a free sale, which includes illegal fundraising.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

However, not all network marketing is illegal money-raising, so law enforcement and the judiciary have the difficult task of defining how much overpay must be on products when buying them is necessary to conduct business.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The Government's proposal on the Money Collecting Act HE 102/2005 and Multilevel Marketing Pyramid schemes implemented in the manner of multilevel marketing are referred to in law as pyramid games.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The government motion and the new money raising law are talking about these pyramid games, which are illegal money-raising, which has been enforced in a way comparable to a chain letter.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The presentation says: [4] Multilevel marketing companies operating like the Pyramid game Pyramid game and illegal money raising can be carried out like network marketing.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Many companies in the industry have been condemned as an illegal pyramid in the world [5] and in 2007 also in Finland.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

[6] [7] The largest of the international companies closed completely by the authorities by 2007 has been SkyBiz International, which defrauded consumers of about USD 200 million between 1999 and 2002.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

[8] Other large or well-known defunct companies in Finland have included Equinox, Bestline Products and Rennaissance, or the Tax People.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

[5] In addition to convictions for money-collecting offences, companies have been sentenced to periodic penalties for misleading marketing and business practices against good business practices.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

[9] Previously illegal fundraising has been convicted in Finland by World Games Inc.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Individuals who participated in the online gaming organisation of WGI from 2002 to 2003.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

[10] Sentences were commuted at the Kouvola Court of Appeal from suspended imprisonment to fines.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

[10] The Difference Between Legal Network Marketing and Illegal Pyramid Scam Legal Network Marketing and Pyramid Scam do not have a clear difference for everyone, which is why law enforcement, the judiciary, network marketers involved in the activities and the general public are partially in embarrassment.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

What matters most to the interpretation of the law is whether trading includes gratuitous sales.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

If includes, then this gratuitous portion of the sale can be considered illegal money-raising and pyramid play.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Like network marketing companies, enforced pyramid games cause strong stances for and against the industry.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Network marketers themselves think that there is nothing illegal about their activities and pyramid games have nothing to do with them.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

However, industry researchers, consumer advisers and people critical of the sector see problems typical of pyramid games and chain letters in multi-level marketing.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

Penalties for participating in a pyramid game A participant in a pyramid game may be sentenced “for the offence of collecting money to a fine or imprisonment for up to two years, unless the act is subject to a more severe punishment elsewhere in the law.” [11] “If the crime of collecting money is judged as a whole. minor, the offender must be sentenced for a mild money-raising offence to a fine.” In addition to a fine or imprisonment, the proceeds obtained by the crime can be condemned as confiscation to the state.


Question: What was Finland's first pyramid scheme?

Pyramid scheme

The Money Collecting Act (255/2006) says this: [1] See also Multilevel Marketing Chain Letter Currency Market Scam Wincapita Full Tilt Poker Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nars, Kari| title = How millions are scammed: Colourful history| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-951-31-5049-5}} On topic elsewhere Links to the authorities pages of the Finnish Government and Parliament, legislation Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: | accessdate=, |date= (help) Consumer Agency Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Federal Trade Commission, USA Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Canada Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Australia Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (extra help) CS1 maint: punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Criticism, studies and statistics Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Robert L. Fitzpatrick Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: | accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Jon Taylor (PhD) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Category:Financial Crime Category:Scams Category:Network Marketing Category:Marketing Category:Screening Key Articles


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Aarne Armas Arminen (4 August 1897 Helsinki — 1 January 2009, Järvenpää) was a Finnish carpenter who, when he died, was the last surviving Finn born in the 19th century.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

At the age of 111, he was also the oldest person in Finland, the third oldest man in Europe and the seventh oldest man in the whole world.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[1] In addition, Arvonen is remembered as the last surviving veteran to participate in the battles of the Finnish Civil War, as well as the last Red Guards.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

To the general public, he became known after appearing several times in public after turning 100.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] Life Early years in Helsinki, the parents of Aarne Vaste, who was born as the firstborn of a four-child family, were Heikki Arvonen and Amanda “Mandi” Salminen (b. 1872) [3].


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

His birth home was located in the Kallio district of Zoo Road.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[4] Heikki Arvonen was an editor and trade unionist from Pori whose father was Heinrich August Hilpert, a German sailor, and Maria Josefina Arvelin, the mother of the Porite.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[5] During Aarne Vaste's childhood years, the family moved several times from one place to another.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

They lived for a short time in Turku before Heikki Arminen from 1906 to 1911 worked as a journalist for social-democratic newspapers in Hämeenlinna, Kuopio and Lappeenranta.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In addition to the national school, Aarne had time to attend Kuopio Classical Lyceum for one academic year.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Ratse's mother, Mandi Salminen, died at the age of 39 in February 1912 while giving birth to the family's fourth child.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

The Rajet lived in Huopalahdi, Helsinki at the time.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Widowed Heikki Arvonen soon married Elsa Pylnäinen and they later had two daughters.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] After his father's new marriage, Aarne was no longer comfortable at home, but lived since the summer of 1914 as a street boy.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

He supported himself by begging, occasional jobs and even theft.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

According to the rating, the poet Eino Leino always gave plenty of money, while the writer Juhani Aho gave nothing to the beggars.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[4] In the autumn of 1916 Arminen received a fine of 40 marks for shoplifting, which he carried out in prison.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Arvonen then left as a volunteer for fortification works during World War I in Minsk.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

However, the train carrying volunteers did not continue to its destination when all its passengers contracted typhoid fever.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Arminen survived the disease but didn't have time to get to the actual fortification work before they were sent back.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

After returning to Finland, he did fortification work in Uusimaa, where the Helsinki land and sea fortress were being built.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In the autumn of 1917, Arvonen was on similar fortification work in the Estonian Governorate for three months.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] Civil War After returning from Estonia, Arminen was unemployed and living in Sirkuskadu, Siltasaari district (now.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Paasivuorenkatu) in a homeless nighthut.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

After the civil war broke out on 27 January 1918, Arvonen attended the mass meetings of the labour movement held at the Mäntymäki field and finally joined the Helsinki Red Guards on 6 March, where he was placed in the 1st Battalion of the III Regiment.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In addition to accommodation, clothing and food, Arminen received a salary of 15 marks a day.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] Raste's company initially served in Helsinki on guard duty.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In mid-March, it was sent to the Karelian Front, where since 19 March the company took part in the battles of Joutseno.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Initially Arvonen was involved in the battles fought in Pentti, the keeper of Jääske, where actor Jalmari Parikka acted as the Reds frontman.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

After just over a month, the Red forces were withdrawn from the front of the White attack to defend Vyborg.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In a turmoil situation, Arminen attempted to move to the Soviet-Russian side and finally ended up on 23 April near the border at Terijoki Kuokkala, which, however, was already held by the Whites.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

After this, the retreating company still managed to avoid being captured in connection with the Battle of Vyborg from 27 to 28 April, attempting the following night to break through the White cordon towards Hamina.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Some 500 reds fell during the failed breakthrough attempt, but Arvonen managed to survive and surrendered to the whites at Tienhaara railway station 29.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

on april.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] After the surrender, Arvonen was transferred to Vyborg Prison Camp and from there on 4 June to Tammisaari Prison Camp, where he became remand prisoner No.4842.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Arvonen contracted the Spanish disease that killed thousands of prisoners, but survived that too.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In Tammisaari was by chance his uncle Ivar Hilpert, who belonged to his patron, who supplied Raste with food parcels.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

He was questioned not only at his own stages but also about the dealings of his father, who was active in the civil administration of the Reds during the war


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Eventually, on July 30, Arvonen was sentenced to a suspended 3-year and 8-month discipline room sentence and, in the process, let go free on 5 years' probation.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In addition, he lost his civil trust for eight years over the sentence period.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

The Civil War period caused Rate traumas, and he never looked back on the war years with pleasure.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In his final years, however, he criticized the reheating of the Revolutionary War myth.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] Later stages After the Civil War Arminen supported himself with mixed works in various parts of Finland.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In the 1920s he worked in buildings, as tyres in Kylmäkoski and as a car helper at the Nobel Standard oil depot in Sörnäis, Helsinki.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Arvonen also went to prison again for petty offences.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

During his imprisonment, he studied mathematics and acquired the profession of decorative carver, which, after his release, Arvonen got a job in the Kutvonen furniture factory in Suonenjoki.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

His spouse, Sylvi Emilia Salonen (1897—1938), with whom Arminen had two daughters, soon arrived in Helsinki.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

From Suonenjoki, the family moved to Helsinki in the early 1930s in the Kallio district.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Sylvi Arvonen died in 1938, after which Arminen and his children moved to Järvenpää in a house they had built in Terhola district.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

For the Winter and Continuation War, Value did not qualify because of his background, but served on a duty duty basis.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] In the summer of 1948 Arminen was rebuilding the village of Loka, destroyed in the Lapland War, as a volunteer for the International Volunteer Labour Camp Organization.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[6] After the war years Arminen worked for a long time as a decorative carpenter in a furniture factory.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

He also became interested in languages, studying French and English.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In addition, Arvonen pursued arithmetics and astronomy, which he became interested in as a young man.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Arvonen was a founding member of Ursa, an astronomical association founded in 1921 and later was named an honorary member of the association.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Raste's membership in Ursa lasted almost 87 years.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Astronomy remained his dearest hobby right up to the last years of his life.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] Arminen also took part in the activities of the Central Uusimaa Astronomical Association Altair ry, of which he, like Ursa, was an honorary member.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[7] In the 1920s Arvonen was also engaged in painting.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Smoking and drinking concentrated alcohol, he told me he left as early as 1933.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Arvonen was not interested in politics, and never even belonged to a trade union.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

His spouse Sylvi, by contrast, was an avid left-winger.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] For the last years of his life Arminen lived with his second daughter and son-in-law in a detached house built by himself until the summer of 2005, when he was placed in the bed ward of the health centre due to kidney infection and waiting for a nursing home.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[8] Arvon came to the consciousness of the whole people in August 1997 when, turning 100, he began giving interviews to the media.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Vaste's birthdays were celebrated in Järvenpää at his base bar Pub Winston, where Helsingin Sanomat was also present.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[4] In addition, Arvo was interviewed on Ylen AAM-TV, and a year later he appeared on TV news on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Civil War.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[9] Arvonen travelled abroad in his old days, Arvonen went on a pub crawl in London to mark his 100th birthday.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

On 5 December 2006, after Elsa Tilkanen died at the age of 110, she became Finland's oldest resident.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[10] In August 2007, news of Raste's 110th birthday was announced.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

He was nearly blind at the time, but was still following and commenting on the news on the radio.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Arvon was celebrating his anniversary at a lakehead pub, to which friends picked him up from a care home.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[8] Arvonen lived before his death in the bed ward of the Vanhankylänniemi Health Centre Hospital in Järvenpää.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[11] In August 2008 Arvinen celebrated his 111th birthday with his family members.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

The traditional pub visit was missed, of his own accord.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[12] Raste's daughter Irma Roiha described her father as intelligent and reading knowledge-wise.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

According to him, Arvonen was also not demented, but memory remained good until death.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

In his final days, however, he could no longer walk and instead had to move around on a wheelchair.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Arvonen died in Järvenpää on the evening of New Year's Day 2009 from rapidly advanced pneumonia.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Even the night before, he was involved in the celebration of the New Year and Valuen was even told that he had Marseljees' words in French.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

He was 111 years and 150 days old when he died.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

Aarne Arvonen was buried in a family grave in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.


Question: When was Aarne Arunen born?

Aarne Arunen

[2] Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Finns who lived over 110 years of age Category:Finnish Civil War Red Class:People born in 1897 Class:Persons who died in 2009 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What does data mean?

Data

Data is information that itself does not necessarily have semantic meaning or informative order.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

There may be order and thus information in the data, or it may be unordered noise.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

If information can still be given semantic meaning, it is also information.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

Data are, for example, individual phonemes in speech letters in printed text bits in computer base pairs in DNA, i.e. biological data.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

The difference between data and information is relative.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

Data processing occurs many times in several stages, and the processed data in one phase might be “raw” data for the next step.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

Etymology In Latin data is a plural of the word datum, 'given'.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

In geometry, mathematics and similar contexts, data is intended to have given initial values.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

In computing, data refers, among other things, to figures, letters and images as such, without any particular meaning.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

Data in Information Technology In the context of program use, data is often separated from program code.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

Program code (which, by a broad definition, is data itself) is a set of machine-language commands, and other files or areas of memory used by the program contain actual data.


Question: What does data mean?

Data

See also Information Logistics Category:Information Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

Beautiful and Bold () is an American soap series whose first episode aired in its native country on March 23, 1987.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

Its creators and original producers were William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell, whose work also includes another popular soap series Feelings and Fragrances (The Young and the Restless).


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

The series is produced by Bell-Phillip Television Productions Inc., and airs on the CBS television channel, with a single, approximately 20 minute [1] episode each weekday.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

The series has more than 26 million viewers in more than 100 countries.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

[2] In Italy it is broadcast as Beautiful, in France as Amour, gloire et beauté, in Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Morocco as Top Models, and in Sweden as Glamour, and in the United States as Belleza y poder in Spanish.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

Presenting in Finland in Finland, the series premiered on Kolmoschannel on 20 January 1992 and the series moved to MTV3 channel 1993 after the channel renewal.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

It was the first daily soap opera seen in Finland, and it garnered more viewers than any other television programme in its prime 1990s years; the series' popularity began to grow as early as the autumn of 1992 and the million-viewer limit broke frequently.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

The age range of viewers was wide, from teenagers to retirement age; even the state counsellor Johannes Virolainen recognized himself as a friend of the series.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

During the 1990s, several actors from the Beautiful and the Brave visited Finland while manager Heikki “Hessu” Reijosen acted as tour organiser, and reciprocated journalists from Finnish tabloid and weekly newspapers went to follow the series filming in the United States.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

[3] In an interview with Evening Magazine in the 1990s, Bradley Bell, executive producer of the Beautiful and Bold series, estimated that the popularity of the series was based on the fact that the characters were ordinary people with whom it was easy for viewers to identify with.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

In addition to interpersonal relationships, the series has dealt with a variety of problems, including incest, rape and homelessness.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

Bell stressed that the primary purpose of the series was to entertain and address viewers on an emotional level.


Question: Who have started the York family?

Beautiful and bold

[3] From the late 1960s to the mid-1970s the once-weekly series Peyton Place had been the pioneer of the American soap opera programme type in Finland, and along the same lines had been continued by the 1980s global great favourites Dallas and a little later started rival Dynasty.


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Continuous-plotted family series have been a kind of interpersonal lab whose observance of mixes viewers have at least imagined that they can better understand their own problems and those of those around them.


Question: Who have started the York family?

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[4] In Finland, the phenomenality of the popularity of the Beautiful and the Bold was strongly reflected, for example, in the fact that, according to the Population Register Centre, 33 in the 1990s and in the first decade of the 21st century, eight more girls were given the first name Brooke.


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In addition, nearly 1,000 girls were baptized as Caroline by 2009.


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[3] On the other hand, only three sons received the name Ridge in Finland.


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[5] The ratings received by the beautiful and the brave were somewhat surprising in view of the fact that since the late 1980s the Finnish viewership was fragmented with the increase in channel offerings and everyone no longer watched everything as in the early days of television.


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[4] The popularity of the series began to wane when MTV3 started in 1999 a domestic sail series Scrambled Lives, which quickly took the position of the Beautiful and the Bold as the channel's viewer magnet.


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As recently as spring 2000, the series was trailed by nearly 900,000 viewers at its primetime, after which ratings have dropped considerably.


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Today, around 200,000 Finns follow the series daily.


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Since 18 November 2013, the series has aired one episode per day.


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Forrester Creations Forrester Creations is a fashion house founded by Eric and Stephanie.


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Characters Eric Forrester the patriarch of the Forrester family and widow of Stephanie.


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Eric has six children: Ridge, Thorne, Kristen, and Felicia, along with Stephanie, and Rick (actually Eric Junior) and Bridget from his marriage to Brooke.


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Eric and Stephanie also had a daughter, Angela, who has died.


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Eric is a talented fashion designer who has co-founded Forrester Creations fashion house with Stephanie.


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She is a determined and strong personality for whom family unity and children are the most important things in her life.


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In addition to Stephanie, he has been married to Brooke Logan, Donna Logan and Sheila Carter.


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After Eric and Ridge sold the Forrester Creations fashion house to businessman Bill Spencer, the Forresters were allowed to stay to work at their former company.


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Eric is today the CEO and co-owner of Forrester Creations fashion house, with 25% of his stake.


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Eric is still heavily involved in the fashion house's operations and decisions.


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After Stephanie's death, Eric dated his former daughter-in-law Taylor Hayes until Taylor left her and left town.


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Ridge Forrester Ridge is the eldest son of Eric and Stephanie.


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Ridge's real father is Massimo Marone.


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Ridge is a co-owner of Forrester Creations fashion house, with his 25 per cent stake.


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Ridge has been married to Caroline, Brooke and Taylor, the latter two of whom on more than one occasion.


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He has four children: Thomas, Steffy (Stephanie) and Phoebe with Taylor, and Ridge Jr. aka RJ Brooke.


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She also considers Hope (who is biologically Brooke and Deacon's child) as her own daughter, having been raising this together with Brooke.


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Ridge's former wife Caroline was the daughter of Bill Spencer.


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Ridge is a very talented and well-known fashion designer who has worked most of his career at Forrester Creations.


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He is a determined and temperamental character who often seems to consider himself superior to others.


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In addition, Ridge was briefly dating Ashley Abbott at the time.


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Ridge and Brooke held their seventh wedding in April 2013, but Ridge left Brooke during their honeymoon, and the union was revealed to be invalid.


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Ridge left town and worked for over a year as director of Forrester International.


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Ridge returned back to Los Angeles in May 2014.


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Thorne Forrester Thorne is the son of Eric and Stephanie.


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He is Darla's husband and they have a daughter Alexandria.


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Darla died in a car accident.


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After this, Thorne became engaged to Taylor Hayes, but they eventually divorced when Nick Marone entered Taylor's life.


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Later, Thorne and Taylor tried dating again, but mostly Thorne has lived as a single.


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Thorne's daughter Alexandria, “Aly”, has arrived back in town as a teenager, and now works at Forrester Creations, as well as dating Forrester Creations photographer Oliver Jones.


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Rick Forrester Rick (Eric Junior) is the son of Eric Forrester and Brooke Logan.


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Rick is the general manager of Forrester Creations.