Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo officially supported until 1995 and still manufactured it in Japan until 2003.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In 2016, Nintendo re-released the NES game console as a mini version under the name Nintendo Classic Mini.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[4] History Following Nintendo's success in slot games in the early 1980s, the company planned to develop a gaming console whose games would be with interchangeable modules.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

This feature was missing from Nintendo's earlier Color TV Game consoles.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Masayuki Uemura was responsible for the design of the new console, and the device was released in Japan on June 15, 1983 at a cost of 14,800 yen.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Upon release, three slot game translations were released for the device, namely Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr., and Popeye.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Nintendo Family Computer slowly gained popularity: during its first year, it was criticized as unreliable, being prone to programming errors and constant solidification.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

For this reason, unsold devices were pulled from sale and their faulty motherboard replaced.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Popularity grew, and by the end of 1984 the Famicom became the best-selling game console in Japan.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

With the success, Nintendo aimed its sights on the North American market.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo entered negotiations with Atari for the release of the Famicom overseas under the name “Nintendo Enhanced Video System”.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

However, the deal tapered off, and Atari decided to focus on its upcoming 8-bit Atari 7800 console.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[5] The next, also unsuccessful plan was to release the device under the name “Nintendo Advanced Video System”; the modified Famicom would have included, among other things, a wireless gamepad, a keyboard, and a BASIC programming tool.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Finally, in June 1985, Nintendo unveiled the US version of the Famicom at the Consumer Electronics Show.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The appearance of the device had been completely changed and the name had changed to Nintendo Entertainment System.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES proved to be a similar success product in the United States as it did in Japan and played a large part in the revival of the US video game industry.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Initially, the device was released in October 1985 in New York City with a power of only 50,000 units; with success, a nationwide release dawned in 1986.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Upon release, 18 release games entered the market simultaneously: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Donkey Kong Jr.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Math, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan's Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Mach Rider, Pinball, Stack-Up, Super Mario Bros., Tennis, Wild Gunman, and Wrecking Crew.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Until the end of the decade, Nintendo was the market leader in the US and Japanese markets and the company's games broke sales records.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

However, the console did not achieve similar popularity in the rest of the western world.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In Europe and Australia, the NES was released in two marketing regions A and B. Region B distribution was handled by several companies, with Nintendo handling the release of most of its games; most countries in the region gained the NES to market in 1986.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Mattel handled distribution of the device in Region A, but not until the following year from the release of Region B.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

It was not until 1990 that the European division created by Nintendo handled a Europe-wide release, [6] which allowed Nintendo's competitor Sega to perform better with its Master System console in many countries.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

By the onset of the 1990s, however, the path of success for NES was coming to its endpoint, as more advanced, 16-bit competitors such as the Sega Mega Drive had entered the market.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES was also overshadowed by Nintendo's next console, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and as a result, the device's user base narrowed.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo, however, continued to support the device in the United States until the middle of the decade, even releasing a new version of the console, the NES 2.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The new version fixed almost all the design flaws in the earlier console.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[7] Lacking constant discount sales and new games, support for the NES was discontinued in 1995.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Still, Japan's Nintendo continued to produce the NES right up until 2003, until the production line was discontinued.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES saw the light of day with several currently popular game series openings, including Nintendo's own Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda and Metroid, Capcom's Mega Man franchise, Konami's Castlevania franchise, and Square Enix's Dragon Quest and Final Fantasy franchise.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Regional Differences While the Japanese Famicom and the global NES were commonplace in terms of hardware, there were some important differences between the consoles: Different case design.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Famicom has an overloadable module opening, a 15-pin expansion port on the front panel for add-ons (the main controls were on their wires attached to the back of the device) and red-white coloring.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[8] The NES has a front-loading module aperture and grey, black and red colouring.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The expansion port is on the bottom of the device, and the module connector is different.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

60-pinned vs.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

72-pin modules.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original Famicom and the reissued AV Family Computer used 60-pin module technology, which was shown as a smaller module size than in the NES (and NES 2), which used 72-pin modules.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Four pinnies were used for the 10NES microcircuit, [9] and ten pins directly connecting the module to the expansion port on the lower part of the module.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Two pinnies that allowed the modules' own audio expansion controller circuits were removed.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Many of the early games released in the United States (such as StackUp), were Famicom modules connected to the adapter.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

It was possible to attach a module attached to the adapter to the hardware of the NES; Nintendo did this to reduce expenses and simplify the content of its inventories.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Numerous peripherals and game/software packs were released for the Famicom, some of which were not released overseas: the Famicom Disk System (FDS), a popular floppy drive released only in Japan that allowed games to be stored on floppy disks instead of modules.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Known games released for FDS include Metroid and Super Mario Bros.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

2 (The Lost Levels).


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[10] Famicom BASIC was a BASIC tool for the Famicom that allowed the player to program their own games.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Many programmers acquire their first experience for the console in this way.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Famicom MODEM was a modem that allowed connection to a Nintendo server that provided jokes, news (primarily about Nintendo), game tips, weather reports, and a small number of programs for download.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

External sound control circuits.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Famicom has two module spokes that enabled the operation of the external audio control circuit.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

They were originally intended to facilitate the operation of the Famicom Disk System's external audio control circuit.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

These pins were moved on the NES to the expansion port at the base of the device.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

As a result, modules from non-Nintendo developers were unable to take advantage of the feature, so many applications produced for the NES had lower audio quality than that of their Famicom counterparts.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Among the games affected by the problem, the most notable is Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Permanently fixed guides.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

On the original Famicom, the controls were permanently attached to the rear of the device.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In addition, the second controller had a built-in microphone, which was used in a few games.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Both the controls and microphone were omitted from the redesigned AV Famicom.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In the NES, the controls were attached to seven-pin guide ports.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Block couplings.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The Famicom does not have any blocking hardware, and as a result, a lot of unlicensed modules were released for it in Asia.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original NES includes a 10NES microchip, which increased challenges for unlicensed developers in preventing unlicensed modules from working.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The European NES includes region locking, which prevents Region A games from running on Region B consoles and vice versa.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[11] This could be circumvented by cutting off one leg of the 10NES microcircuit.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Audio/Video Connections.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original Famicom has an RF modulator for audio and video interfaces, while the NES has both an RF modulator and RCA interface cables (composite video and mono audio).


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The AV Famicom has an RCA interface alone, and on the onboard NES only the RF modulator interface.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Controllers The gamepad used in both the Famicom and the NES feature a brick-like design and four buttons: two round “A” and “B” buttons, and the “Start” and “Select” buttons.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In addition, both controllers have a cross controller.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The cross controller had been developed by Gunpei Yokoi, who worked at Nintendo for Game & Watch games, to replace the joystick used in earlier games.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original Famicom has two controllers permanently attached to the rear of the device.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The second controller lacks the “Start” and “Select” buttons, but it contains a built-in microphone.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Few of the game took advantage of this feature.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The earliest Famicom controls have square-shaped A and B buttons.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

[12] These were switched to round ones, as the square buttons were left down when pressed attached to the edges of their apertures.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The controls on the NES are removable.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

For them, there are two 7-pin controller ports on the front of the device.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

However, the NES's controls are similar to each other, with the microphone on the other Famicom controller omitted; it has the “Start” and “Select” buttons in its place.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Several special drivers were released for the device, although few of them were successful.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

These included the NES Zapper (light gun), Power Pad, R.O.B.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

and Power Glove.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The original Famicom has a DA-15 expansion port on the front of the device to which most peripherals are attached.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In the NES, peripherals are usually attached to one of the two controller ports located at the front of the device.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Upon the release of the AV Famicom and NES 2, the look of the controllers was slightly modified.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

While the slots for the original buttons were retained, the look of the controller case changed from brick-like to dog-bone shaped, reminiscent of the controller for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In addition, the AV Famicom followed in the footsteps of its foreign version, leaving out permanently attached controls.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

However, the wires on the controllers on the AV Famicom are twice as short as those of the NES controllers.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES's brick-like controller has become one of the most recognisable symbols of the device.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo has used the controller design to their advantage in a few of its advertising products and limited special releases of the Game Boy Advance SP and Game Boy Micro hand consoles.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Technical characteristics (PAL version) Processor: Ricoh RP2A07, clocked 1.79 MHz (based on MOS 6502).


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Central memory: 2 kB.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Graphics: graphics card (PPU) Ricoh RP2C07, resolution 256×240, 48 colors, scanline-specific restrictions, 64 sprites.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Audio: 4 PSG channels (each locked to a specific sound waveform), one 1-bit PCM channel Peripherals Zapper light gun Family Fun Fitness treadmill (featured in Speden Sgames, among others) Power Glove, glove-like special controller NES Four Score and Satellite, which allowed four controllers to be connected to a gaming device rather than two for the NES Advantage, an arcade-style gamepad from Konami LaserScope, a helmet intended as a voice-controlled replacement for Zapper's NES Cleaning Kit, a game module cleaning tool for the Game Genie, a so-called cheat module that change the action of the game Miracle Piano, a piano for which piano playing-instructional games were made.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

In NES Finland, thumbnail image|Nintendo console was once rented to households.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Photo A leather rental portfolio used by rental companies, which included a games console with accessories.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

The NES (Also “Nintendo”, “8-bit” or both combined with “8-bit Nintendo”) arrived in Finland in 1987.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Many reasons contributed to the high popularity of the NES — quality of games, good marketing, and rental activities (it was possible to try a console by renting one with games).


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Emulators Nintendo Entertainment System emulators allow games on that machine to be played on other machines, such as PC.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

NES emulators are popular because they can be downloaded from the internet for free and legally.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Although, the ROM files that they use, i.e. games, are illegal because they infringe copyright.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

Considerations Sources and notes Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ed.


Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

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Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo developed?

Nintendo Entertainment System

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Mary Louise “Meryl” Streep (born June 22, 1949 in Summit, New Jersey, United States) [1] is an American actress.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

He has worked in both film, television and theatre.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep is a well-regarded actress and she has won the Academy Award three times.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[2] [3] Streep made her theatre debut in 1971 in the play The Playboy of Seville and in the 1977 television film Cross Checking — hard takes.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[4] In 1977, she also made her screen debut in the film Julia of My Memories.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep was well received by critics for her role performance in the blockbuster films The Deer Hunter (1978) and Kramer v Kramer (1979), in each of which she was nominated for the Best Supporting Actress Oscar and receiving her first Academy Award for the latter.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Later, Streep was awarded the Best Actress Oscar for her roles in the films Sofie's Choice (1982) and The Iron Lady (2011).


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep has been a record-breaking 21times Oscar nominee, which is more often than any male or female actor before.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[5] [2] [6] In addition, he has been nominated a record 31times for the Golden Globe and has won the award eight times, so he has more nominations and wins than any male or female actor before.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

In addition to her career, Streep has been honoured with two Emmys, two Baftas, two SAG's and the Cannes Film Festival awards.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

In 2004, he received the United States Film Institute's Life's Work Award and in 2011 the Kennedy Center Honors Award for his contributions to U.S. culture.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[7] [8] Streep was honored in 2010 by President Barack Obama with the National Medal of Arts and 2014 Presidential Medal of Freedom.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[2] [9] In 2017, he was honored with the Cecil B. DeMille Life Work Award.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[10] Childhood and Adolescence Mary Louise Streep was born in the town of Summit in the state of New Jersey, United States on June 22 in 1949.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[11] His father Harry William Streep, Jr.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

(1910—2003) was a pharmacist and his mother, Mary Wolf Streep (o.s. Wilkinson, 1915—2001), an artist.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep's maternal lineage is in Switzerland, Ireland and England.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

The paternal lineage, meanwhile, is originally native to the Netherlands.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

The paternal side also has distant lineages to the Spanish Jewish community, but Streep herself is not Jewish.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep has two younger brothers Harry III (born 1951) and Dana (b.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[12] Streep grew up in Bernardsville, New Jersey, and graduated from Bernards High School in 1967.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

He studied costume and playwriting at Dartmouth College.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep received his B.A.-degree (Bachelor of Arts) in Drama from Vassar College in 1971 and his M.F.A.-degree (Master of Fine Arts) from Yale University School of Drama in 1975.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

At the Yale Repertory Theatre, Streep appeared in 30—40 productions.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[12] Career 1970s Streep's first film was Juliet of My Memories (1977) directed by Fred Zinnemann.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[13] In 1979, Streep starred in the war drama film The Deer Hunter directed by Michael Cimino.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

For her role performance, Streep received her first Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[14] In 1978, Streep played the lead in the miniseries Burnt Victims, filmed in Germany and Austria.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[15] Streep's role performance is considered her breakthrough [16] [17] and she was awarded a Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Movie for it.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[18] In 1979, Streep starred in Jerry Schatzberg's political drama film The Temptations of Joe Tynan.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[19] In 1979, Streep played a minor part in Woody Allen's film Manhattan.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[20] Streep later said that she only received a six-page script of her own scenes from Allen and did not promise to improvise a word in the film.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[21] That same year, Streep starred in Robert Benton's film Kramer versus Kramer.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[22] The film tells the story of a couple (Streep and Dustin Hoffman) who divorce, and its effect on everyone close to them including their shared young son.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[22] Streep felt the role of the female character in the film was too nasty and did not resonate with many real-life women facing a separation and a child custody dispute.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep received permission from director Benton to rewrite her own lines for two key scenes.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[23] The film won five Academy Awards including Streep's first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[24] 1980s After playing minor roles in two 1970s blockbuster films, Streep began getting starring in films in the early 1980s.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

The first of these was the film The French Lieutenant's Woman, directed by Karel Reisz, which premiered in 1981, in which her counteractor is Jeremy Irons.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[4] [25] New York magazine said that “Streep is like a chameleon who can play any role”.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[26] Streep was awarded the Bafta for Best Actress for her role performance.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[27] In 1982, Streep starred in the psychological suspense film Silence of the Night with her co-actors Roy Scheider and Jessica Tandy.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[28] In the same year, Streep starred in the drama film Sophie's Choice directed by Alan J. Pakula, based on the 1979 novel of the same name by William Styron.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep's role performance was acclaimed by critics and she was awarded the Best Actress Oscar and Golden Globe for it.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[29] [30] Premiere Magazine named Streep's role performance the third best of all time.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[31] Streep's popularity continued in the Mike Nichols-directed film Case Silkwood (1983), in which she starred as real-life union activist Karen Silkwood.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[32] In 1985, Streep starred as Danish writer Karen Blixen in the film My Africa.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[33] The film won seven Academy Awards, and Streep received Oscar and Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[34] [30] Streep starred with Jack Nicholson in his next two films Heart Cinder (1986) and Karhiainen (1987), the latter of which Streep also sings.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[35] [36] In the film Cry Out of Darkness Streep starred Australian Lindy Chamberlain, who was accused of murdering her child, but Chamberlain claimed it was kidnapped by a dingo.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[37] 1990s Streep's first film of the 1990s was Greetings from the Edge of Dreams, directed by Mike Nichols, based on Carrie Fisher's Roma from 1987.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[38] The film also stars Shirley MacLaine and Dennis Quaid.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[38] Streep starred as drug-addicted film actress Suzanne Vale and received Best Actress Oscar and Golden Globe nominations for her role performance.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[38] [39] [30] In 1992, Streep starred in the black comedy Death Dresses Her, directed by Robert Zemeckis, as her counteractor Bruce Willis.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[40] In 1995, Streep starred with Clint Eastwood in the romantic drama film Silent Bridges.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[41] It is based on Robert James Waller's blockbuster novel about National Geographic photographer Robert Kincaid (Eastwood), who has a love affair with an Italian farm hostess named Francesca (Streep).


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[41] The film was well received by critics.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[42] Streep received Oscar and Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress for her role performance.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[43] [30] In 1996, Streep starred in the film Marvin's Daughters, based on the play by Scott McPherson.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[44] Diane Keaton starred as Streep's sister Bessie battling leukemia and young Leonardo DiCaprio played Streep's rebellious son.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[45] For her role performance, Streep received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[30] In 1999, Streep starred as real-life Roberta Guaspari in the film Heart Chords directed by Wes Craven.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[46] Guasgari, a New Yorker, taught deprived children how to play the violin.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[46] Streep replaced singer Madonna after she left the project due to “creative differences”.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[47] [48] Streep rehearsed for the role for two months four to six hours a day.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[49] Streep received Oscar and Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress for her role performance.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[50] [30] 2000s In the early 2000s, Streep voiced the Blue Fairy in Steven Spielberg's film A.I. — Artificial Intelligence, starring Haley Joel Osment.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[51] On 11 December 2001, Streep co-hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo with Liam Neeson, held in honour of the UN and Kofi Annan.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[52] In 2002, Streep returned to the theatre stage after a hiatus lasting more than 20 years.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[53] She starred as Arkadina in Anton Chekhov's play The Seagull with co-actors Kevin Kline, Natalie Portman and Philip Seymour Hoffman.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[53] In the same year, Streep starred in the film Adaptation directed by Spike Jonzes.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

My version where she played real-life journalist Susan Orlean.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[54] The film was critically acclaimed, and Streep was awarded her role at her fourth Golden Globes for Best Supporting Actress.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[55] [56] In the same year 2002, Streep starred with Nicole Kidman and Julianne Moore in the film Hours directed by Stephen Daldry, based on the 1990 novel by Michael Cunningham.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[57] In the film, three women of different generations are joined by Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Dalloway.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[57] The film was well received, with all three main actresses awarded the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the Berlin Film Festival.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[58] [59] In 2003, Streep starred in the HBO miniseries Angels in America as her counteractors Al Pacino and Emma Thompson.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[60] Streep played a total of four different roles in the series.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[60] She was honored for the series with the second Primetime Emmy Award of her career and her fifth Golden Globes.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[18] [61] In 2004, Streep was honored by the American Film Institute for her life's work.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[7] In the same year, Streep starred in the refilm Manchuria Bachelor directed by Jonathan Demmen, with his counteractor Denzel Washington.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[62] Streep played a United States senator and manipulative and ruthless mother of a vice presidential candidate.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[62] Streep received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[63] In the same year Streep starred as Aunt Josephine in Lemony Snicket's series of miserable coincidences based on the first three volumes of Snicket's book series of the same name.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[64] The black comedy was well received by critics and won the Oscar for Best Make-up Performance.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[65] [66] In 2005, Streep starred in the film The Right Kind of Chemistry, with her co-actress Uma Thurman.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[67] Streep starred in the film as a Jewish therapist, Dr. Lisa Metzger, whose businesswoman at the reception ends up having an affair with Metzger's 23-year-old son.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[67] From August to September 2004, Streep starred in The Public Theater's play Mother Fearless and Her Children, which was performed at the Delacorte Theatre in Central Park, New York.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[68] In 2006, Streep starred in Robert Altman's final film, Robert Altman's Bad Jokes.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[69] Streep starred with Lily Tomlin as the last two members of the country music family.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[69] In 2006, Streep starred in the drama comedy The Devil Wears Prada directed by David Frankel, loosely based on Lauren Weisberger's 2003 novel of the same name.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[70] Streep plays the influential and demanding fashion magazine editor-in-chief Miranda Priestly.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[70] Streep's performance was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Actress and she also received an Oscar nomination for Best Actress.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[71] [72] [73] The film was very successful and grossed over $326million worldwide [74] In 2008 Streep starred in the film Mamma Mia directed by Phyllida Lloyd! , based on the Broadway musical of the same name based on the music of the Swedish pop group ABBA.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[75] With her co-actors Amanda Seyfried, Pierce Brosnan, Stellan Skarsgård and Colin Firth, Streep played a former girl band singer whose daughter (Seyfried) is getting married but has never met her father and secretly invites three would-be fathers to her wedding on a Greek island.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[75] The film was an audience success and grossed over $609 million worldwide.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

It was the most commercially successful film of Streep's asthma career.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[76] Streep received a Golden Globe nomination for her role.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[77] Streep's second 2008 film was Doubt — Doubt — Doubt, directed by John Patrick Shanley, based on Shanley's Pulitzer- and Tony-winning play.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[78] The film also starred Philip Seymour Hoffman, Amy Adams and Viola Davis.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

The film tells the story of a Catholic boys' school principal (Streep) who accuses a popular priest (Hoffman) of pedophilia.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[78] [79] The film received five Oscar nominations: all four lead actors received nominations and additionally the film received a nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[80] In 2009, Streep starred as chef Julia Child in a film directed by Nora Ephron, Julie & Julia with her counteractors Amy Adams and Stanley Tucci.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[81] The film parallels the beginning of Child's career with the life of young New Yorker Julie Powell (Adams), who decides to cook all 524 recipes from Child's chef book in 365 days and makes her challenge a popular blog The Julie/Julia Project.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[81] Streep received an Oscar nomination for Best Actress for her role.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[82] In 2009, Streep also starred in the romantic comedy film Little Adjustment with her co-actors Alec Baldwin and Steve Martin.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[83] In the film, Streep plays a successful bakery owner who begins an affair with her ex-husband 10 years after divorcing only to discover that she has a crush on another man.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[83] Streep received a Golden Globe nomination for her role.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[84] In the same year, Streep voice starred in the stop motion animated film Fantastic Mr. Fox Mrs.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

In the role of Felicity Fox.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[85] 2010s Streep's first film of the 2010s was The Iron Lady (2011), directed by Phyllida Lloyd, a British biographical film about the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[86] The film received mixed reception from critics, but Streep was rewarded for her role performance with the Best Actress Oscar, Golden Globe and Bafta.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[87] [88] [89] [90] In 2012, Streep starred in The Devil Wears Prada in director David Frankel's drama comedy Love Holiday with co-actors Tommy Lee Jones and Steve Carell.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[91] In the film, Streep and Jones play a middle-aged couple who attend a week-long marriage course to find a spark in their relationship again.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[91] Streep received her 27th Golden Globe nomination of her career for her role.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[92] In 2013, Streep starred with Julia Roberts in the John Wells-directed film Family — August: Osage County, based on the Pulitzer- and Tony-winning play by Tracy Letts.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[93] Streep received Oscar, Golden Globe and SAG nominations for Best Actress for her role performance.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[94] [95] [96] In September 2012, Streep was caught with Hilary Swank in Tommy Lee Jones' film The Homesman, which premiered at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[97] In 2014, Streep starred with Jeff Bridges, among others, in the science fiction film The Giver, based on Lois Lowry's 1993 novel of the same name.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[98] [99] In 2014, Streep starred as a witch in the musical film Into the Woods directed by Rob Marshall, based on the Tony-winning Broadway musical.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[100] Streep received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[101] Streep starred as extremist feminist Emmeline Pankhurst in the film Suffragette (2015) directed by Sarah Gavron.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[102] Streep's second 2015 film was Ricki and the Flash, directed by Jonathan Demme, in which she plays a woman who is employed by day at a grocery store checkout and in the evenings a fading rock musician who has one last chance to rapprochise with her estranged family.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[103] In the film, Streep's daughter was played by her daughter Mamie Gummer.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

In February 2016, Streep was head of the jury at the Berlin Film Festival.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[104] In the same year, Streep starred as the songless opera singer Florence Foster Jenkins in the film Florence directed by Stephen Frears.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[105] Streep received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress for her role.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[106] At the 2017 Golden Globe Gala, Streep received the Cecil B. DeMille Honorary Award.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[10] Streep gave the award after receiving a very political speech.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep criticized U.S. President-elect Donald Trump, however, without mentioning him by name, saying, among other things, that In 2017, Streep starred as Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham in Steven Spielberg's film The Post.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

The film is set in the 1970s and it tells the story of journalists from The Washington Post and The New York Times who published the Pentagon Papers documents regarding the US government's actions in the Vietnam War.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep was awarded 31 for her role.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

With her Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[107] In 2018 Mamma Mia!


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

film received a sequel to Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again! , directed and scripted by Ol Parker.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep returned for the sequel with other cast members of the first film including Pierce Brosnan, Colin Firth, Amanda Seyfried, Dominic Cooper and Christine Baranski.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[108] Streep also starred in another musical film in 2018.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

In December, it premiered the return of Rob Marshall's Mary Poppins.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

It is the sequel to the 1964 film Mary Poppins.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Other roles starred include Emily Blunt and Lin-Manuel Miranda.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[109] Upcoming Projects In January 2018, Streep was reported to star in the second production season of the television series Big Little Lies.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Streep plays Mary Louise Wright, the mother of Perry Wright (Alexander Skarsgård) in the drama series.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[110] Private life Streep was dating actor John Cazale until his death in March 1978.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[111] [112] Streep married sculptor Don Gummer on 15 September 1978.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[113] They have four children: Henry Wolfe Gummer (born 1979), Mamie Gummer (born 1983), Grace Gummer (born 1986), and Louisa Jacobson Gummer (b.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[114] Mamie and Grace are actors and Henry is a musician.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[115] Streep endorsed Barack Obama in the 2008 as well as the 2012 presidential elections.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[116] [117] In June 2016, Streep spoke at the Democratic Party Convention and showed her support for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

[118] Selected filmography Awards and nominations Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nevalainen, Petri| title = Meryl Streep| location = Helsinki| publisher = Helsinki Books | year= 2011| isbn = 978-952-58743-1-0}} On the subject elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

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Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

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Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

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Question: Who was the first Swede to win an Oscar award?

Meryl Streep

Check date values in: |date= (help) Category:American film actresses Category:American television actors Category:American theatre actors Category:American voice actors Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners Category:Primetime Emmy Award Recipients Category:Golden Globe Award recipients Category:BAFTA Award recipients Category:César Award recipients Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom Class:Born in 1949 Category:Living persons Category:Key articles on screening Category:77.4 Film arts


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Rusting refers to corrosion of iron, in practice most often steel.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Rust is a substance formed when iron atoms oxidize under the influence of water and oxygen.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

It is a mixture of iron oxides and hydroxides.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Rust formation Iron occurs in nature, among other things, as hematite, which is iron oxide, and reduced iron reacts with oxygen and water in an effort to return to the same shape.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Thus, iron rusts in oxygen-rich water and moist air.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

In air with a relative humidity of less than 60 percent, iron does not rust.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

A perfectly clean iron surface remains unchanged for a long time even in wetter air.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

[1] Iron is found in nature in hematite as iron oxide, and pure iron tends to return to the same form.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Rust formation can be divided into three parts: the formation of iron (II) ions, the formation of hydroxide ions, and the reaction of both of them, as well as oxygen, in which rust is formed.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

An electrochemical process occurs between iron and water in which iron atoms are oxidized to iron (II) ions: Fe → Fe2+ + 2e− The donated electrons travel along the edges of water droplets - in which a lot of oxygen has been dissolved -.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

They reduce water and oxygen to hydroxide ions: 4e− + O2 + 2H2O → 4OH− Hydroxide ions react with iron (II) ions and oxygen dissolved in water to form iron oxide: Fe2+ + 2OH− → Fe (OH) 2 4Fe (OH) 2 + O2 → 2 (Fe2O3 · H2O) + 2H2O Consequently, rust is eventually hydrated iron (III) oxide.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

It is water and air porous, so the formed rust layer does not protect the entire piece of iron, which over time becomes completely rust.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Corrosion occurs faster in seawater than in fresh water due to Na+ and Cl ions, which cause the solution to conduct electricity better.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Also, acids contribute to rusting.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Prevention of rust Cathodic protection prevents rust formation by treating pieces by electrochemical methods.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

By electroplating, the piece is coated with a thin layer of some other metal with a lower electrochemical potential than iron.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Zinc is usually used for coating, which is either hot-dipped galvanized or galvanized by electricity.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Bluing can be used to prevent rusting of smaller steel objects such as guns.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

However, blued steel should be serviced with water-repellent grease to prevent wear of the coating.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Other insulating material from the metal environment, such as paint, is also suitable for anti-rust protection.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Concrete is used to protect steel from acidity.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

If corrosion, despite the concrete, occurs, the formed rust may cause problems with the structure.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Back in the day, rust was removed from iron objects using vinegar: either by soaking or by vinegar wrappers.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Rust surface as protective coating Architecture and steel construction have started to use rust-faced weatherproof steel as facade and frame material, the dense oxide layer formed on the surface of which prevents corrosion from continuing deeper.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

The technology was pioneered by American-Finnish architect Eero Saarinen, who first used it at the headquarters of the John Deere tractor company in Illinois, completed in 1963.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

[2] Car rusting To prevent rust of the car, the car needs to be washed and waxed at regular intervals.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Wax forms a protective surface.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

From the bottom of the car, you should remove dirt that may bind moisture.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

After washing in the sunshine, it is good to dry the car thoroughly so that the droplets do not burn the paint surface like a combustion glass and leave traces when they dry.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

In winters, when road salt contributes to the corrosion of cars, washing the car is more important than in summer.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Storing a car in an open canopy during winter causes less corrosion than storing it in a warm garage if you drive a car daily.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

This is due to the fact that when driving outside a cooled car inside the stable, water droplets condense on the surfaces of the cold car, which accelerates corrosion (rusting).


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

In addition, the warm stable accelerates the reaction even further.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Inland, the metal parts of used cars are often in better condition than those of cars used on the coasts.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

This is due to the wetter and more salty air on the coasts.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

[3] The car's anti-rust treatment is best protected from rusting.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Today, an increasing number of car structures are made of galvanized steel, which is less corrosion-prone.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

Studies have shown that rust in a car's superstructures impairs its crash safety significantly.


Question: Has technology contributed to advances in physics research?

Rusting

[4] See also Tin Plague Anodizing Sources Category:Corrosion Category:Surface Treatment Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Since the 1870s, the villa colony of Terijoki was a villa colony born on Terijoki in the Karelian Isthmus, whose inhabitants were initially mainly wealthy St. Petersburg.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

It was located on the shores of the Gulf of Finland in an area about 15 kilometres long and 3—5 kilometres wide, originally in the villages of Terijoki, Kuokkala and Raivola, which were originally part of the Kivennava keeper.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[1] Tens of thousands of Russian summers arrived every year, for which thousands of villas and numerous hotels and other lodges had been built.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Russian villa settlement flourished from the early 1890s until the outbreak of World War I until 1914 and came to its final decision with the October Revolution of 1917.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

After that, Terijoki spent a few years living in quiet life until the Finnish tourist activities in the area started in the summer of 1923.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[2] Before the war years, the banks of Terijoki again became a major tourist attraction, marketed as the “Finnish Riviera”.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[3] During 1918—1925, about half of the 6500 villas in Terijoki were sold and dismantled to other parts of Finland.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[4] These so-called Terijokelan villas remain popular residential and leisure buildings.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[5] However, the villa association of Terijoki has not always been valued, for example during anti-Russianism in the 1920s—1930s it was even called “a weed grown by an Isthaxean character weakness”, in addition to peasants who once sold their land to Russians and other locals residents were perpetrated and criticized for their lack of national feeling as well as a love of patriotism.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[6] History Russian villa settlement arises against the background of the villa settlement of Terijoki, which has arisen after the middle of the 19th century, the affluent population of the Russian Empire's capital city, Saint Petersburg, in the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland as a summer resort.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

It was augmented by the Riihimäki—Saint Petersburg line completed in 1870, which reduced the travel time to the sandy beaches of Terijoki to only a few hours.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

In turn, the creation of the actual villa settlement was made possible by the decision of the Finnish Riksdag in 1867 on the redemption of the endowment lands of Old Finland.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

However, it was not finally realised until 1882, by which time earlier Lintula court landowners had already had time to sell or hand over villa parcels to the inhabitants of St. Petersburg.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[7] The construction of the first villas had begun immediately after the completion of the railway, and after five years there were already 28 in Terijoki.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

In 1882, when the old donation lands finally came into the possession of the Finnish state, the number of villa parcels had increased to sixty.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

With redemption, peasants freed from the status of sharecropper began to claim the land parcels of the Russians for themselves, as they considered that they had been handed over from them without asking for an opinion.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The peasants were particularly interested in sandy beach columns, although they were unfit for cultivation.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

For their part, the Russians claimed full ownership of the lands they possessed, which the Senate of Finland had promised them when they agreed on redemption.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

However, the government did not directly give ownership to the Russians, but initially formed five mother farms (three to the village of Terijoki and one each to Raivola and Kuokkala), after which 112 villa parcels were separated for sale (Terijoki 63, Kuokkala 37 and Raivola 12).


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

After that, the peasants began to sell their own lands and businessmen from other parts of Finland appeared, who set up sales offices and began to broker villa plots to the Russians.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[7] The first summer inhabitants of Terijoki were the wealthy bourgeoisie of Saint Petersburg, but at the end of the 1870s, middle-class officials also arrived in the summer, for which local residents began to build villas for rent.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The first hotel built in the area was the Bellevue, which opened as early as 1874.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

During the same decade, Terijoki's business life became lively thanks to summer residents and a liquor and beer factory were established in the locality, among other things.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The first Russian traders arrived at the turn of the 1880s.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[8] The peak years of the villa colony Terijoki's popularity as a summer resort for St. Petersburg people grew even further in the early 1890s.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The state and local landowners sold villa parcels at an accelerating pace.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

At that time, among other things, the Kellomäki villa area was born, with a regular city plan.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

At the same time, Russian summer residents established their own association, which set about pursuing their interests and taking care of the general construction and maintenance of the Terijoki area.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Among other things, the association established a fire brigade and started road maintenance, a pavement was built along the shore of the Gulf of Finland with park benches and market stalls.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

In the fall, the association also took care of street lighting.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Palokunnanpuisto was created in the surroundings of the Fire Brigade House, where tennis courts were located, among other things.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

In 1891, the association also requested the establishment of its own municipal assembly in Terijoki, but the governor of Vyborg County Johan Axel Gripenberg rejected the petition, which would have meant that the municipality of Terijoki should be created.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[9] In 1892, a so-called water treatment facility was completed on Terijoki, with a separate restaurant and casino building located in the park.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The park also contained tennis courts, a roller skating rink, billiard rooms and a stage where evenings performed some of Russia's most famous singers, ballerinas and theatre troupes.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

For one summer there was a ship connection to the island of Kronstadt, after which the customs room was converted into a pavilion for the sailing club.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[9] In addition, horseback riding in the manesis built for it was possible, among other things, in Terijoki.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

On sunny days, the long sandy beach was filled with sunbathers and swimmers.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[1] At the end of the 1890s, there were already several dozen merchant movements.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The majority of them were owned by Russians, but stores in Helsinki and Vyborg shops also operated in Terijoki.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

In addition to the shops, the number of restaurants also grew, during the 1890s the Kivennava Municipal Assembly applied for licenses over 30 people.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

In addition to restaurants, the local beer factory sold its produce by basket to summer residents.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[9] In 1913 there were 380 business operators in the villages of Terijoki and Kellomäki alone.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[4] Some Russians remained in the region for the winter season and their own Russian-language school was set up for them and an Orthodox church was built.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The first church burned in 1907.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Completed in 1913, the new church was the largest Orthodox church building in Finland.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[9] In the peak years of Russian villa settlement in the early 1910s, the number of summer residents reached up to 60000.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[1] Helsinki, the largest city in the Grand Duchy of Finland, had just over 100000 inhabitants at the time.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[10] Forty trains carried daily passengers between Terijoki and St. Petersburg.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[1] In addition to the Terijoki railway station, the inhabitants of the villa colony were also served at best by five other stations on the road for twenty kilometres.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[11] There were more than 500 horse drivers in Terijoki, in addition to which buses also operated in the region.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[1] In 1911, an attempt was made to annex Terijoki to Saint Petersburg Governorate by order of Emperor Nicholas II, but due to opposition from the Finns it remained part of the Grand Duchy of Finland.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[12] Instead, the independent municipality of Terijoki was created in the same year, initially comprising only the villages of Terijoki and Kellomäki.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[4] Villa life comes to a close The First World War broke out in July 1914, and its effects were also quickly visible on Terijoki.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The sea fortresses of Kronstadt, Yhinmäki and Ino were located nearby, causing some of the summermen to fear the start of naval battles and fled back to Saint Petersburg.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Guests also arrived during the war years; however, their numbers were greatly reduced.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Food shortages caused by the war also affected the lives of summer residents.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Once and for all, Terijoki's Russian villa season came to a close with the October Revolution of 1917 and the closure of the border that followed Finland's independence.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

There were no more than 1500 Russians permanently residing in Terijoki, including some of those who fled Soviet Russia.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[13] During the final phase of the Finnish Civil War in April 1918, the Whites executed possibly as many as over 200 Russians in Terijoki.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[14] Finnish tourism activities start The Finnish villa settlement of Terijoki started only a few years after Finland's independence and the end of the civil war.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

In 1922, newspapers began to feature writings urging the Finnish bourgeoisie to travel to Terijoki in the summer rather than Estonian or other foreign beach resorts.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

A special committee was set up to promote tourism in Terijoki, which drew up newspaper writings, found out about villas in habitable condition and began to pass them on to renters.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

One of the most prominent figures in the committee was municipal politician and journalist Mikko Uotinen.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Tourist activities were finally resumed in the summer of 1923.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

During the same summer, among other things, a large singing party was held in Terijoki, which was also visited by the President of the Republic Kyösti Kallio.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The single most significant decision of the Tourism Commission was the establishment of the Terijoki Sea Baths, which opened in June 1924.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[2] In 1939, Terijoki had about 8000 permanent inhabitants, but the temporary population in summer was up to ten times.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The inhabitants of the locality represented at least 27 different nationalities.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[15] Post-World War II Finnish residents were evacuated from Terijoki during World War II.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

After the wars, people from other parts of the Soviet Union were settled in the area.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

In Soviet times, tourism activities in Terijoki began to be developed again and this has continued even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Today, the area is home to luxury villas of wealthy St. Petersburg people and several large hotels.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

Also, many of the old villas have survived to the present days.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[15] Well-known inhabitants of the Terijoki region also spent their summers with numerous well-known personalities.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

They included the painter Ilya Repin, who owned a villa in Kuokkala, [4] composer Anton Arenski, [16] Minister of War Alexei Kuropatkin [11] and Professor Mikhail Herzenstein, who was murdered at his summer villa by the far-right Black Sotnias organisation in July 1906.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[17] Repin's villa named Penaty has been renovated to its original residence and serves as a home museum.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[18] In addition to Russians, Terijoki owned a villa including Swedish businessman Alfred Nobel.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[11] In the 1930s, Kuokkala was home to artist couple Tito and Ina Colliander, whose Villa Golicke was a gathering place for Finnish-Swedish modernists of the era.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[19] In the early years of the 20th century, numerous Russian revolutionaries also lived in Terijoki.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

The most famous was Vladimir Lenin, who lived in a villa called Villa Vasa between 1906 and 1907, who from Kuokkala ran the Bolshevik activities.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[12] Also famous is the Novikov villa later known as the Terijoki Officers' Club, which during the Winter War served as a gathering place for the Terijoki government led by Otto Wille Kuusinen.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

[20] Sources Terijoki's stages of villa life/Terijoki Merikylpylä 5 years old, Terijoen Kirjapaino Oy, 1929.


Question: Who has founded the Terijoki villa colony?

Terijoki villa colony

References on the topic elsewhere Coordinates: Category:72.2 Buildings, types of buildings Villa colony Category:Finnish villa colonies


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Zachris (Zacharias, Z., Sakari) Topelius () was a Finnish writer, poet, journalist, historian and rector of the University of Helsinki.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Zachris Topelius was officially called Zacharias like his father.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

He used the abbreviation Z. or name form Zachris as his first name himself, also in official contexts.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

A Finnised form of Topelius's given name Sakari has also often been used.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Biographer Zachris Topelius was born on Kuddnäs farm near Uuttakaarlepy in 1818.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

His father was Zacharias Topelius the Elder, a physician and collector of folk poetry, and his mother a wealthy merchant daughter Catharina Sofia Calamnius.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

His grandfather was the church painter Mikael Toppelius.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Topelius was a pupil of the Trivial School in Oulu 1829—1832 and matriculated in Helsinki as a private pupil of J. L. Runeberg in 1833.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

He then began his studies at the University of Helsinki, where he was promoted master's in 1840 and doctorate in 1847.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[2] In 1841, Topelius became editor of the “Helsingfors Tidningar” newspaper and the magazine's circulation soon began to rise.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius was in the process of editing the paper until 1860.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

In 1854 he was appointed extraordinary personal professor of Finnish history at the University of Helsinki, in 1863 he became professor of Finnish, Russian and Nordic history, and in 1876 professor of general history, in which post he held until 1878.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

From 1875—1878, Topelius was also rector of the university.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[1] In 1870 he was the founder of Maj Föreningen, Finland's first animal protection association, whose main conservation site was small birds.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[3] Zachris Topelius was married from 1846 until the death of his wife to Maria Emilia Lindqvist (1821—1885), whose father was Isak Lindqvist, a neo-arlepyan merchant and town manager.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

They had six children, Toini, Aina and Eva, Rafael, Michael and Rosa, the latter three of whom died already young.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Known of the children were the writer Toini Topelius and the painter Eva Topelius, later Acke.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Librarian, author Paul Nyberg was the son of Aina Sofia Topelius (1846—1916), the eldest daughter of Topelius.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[4] In 1897, Topelius became a jubilant doctor.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[5] He died on 12 March 1898 at Koivuniemi farm in Östersundom.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[6] Production Topelius was one of the earliest Finnish novelists.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

His work Hertiginnan af Finland, published in 1850 (Finnish. Duchess of Finland, 1874) was the first Finnish historical novel.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Better known, however, is Topelius' historical novel series Fältskärns berättelser (Finnish. Välskär's narratives), which initially appeared as a follow-up story in Helsingfors Tidningar.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

The theme of Välskär's narratives was the long-running power struggle between the nobility and peasants, which promoted the freedom of society.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius wrote poetry from a young age.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

However, most of his juvenile poems were not published in collections, but only in the collection series Samlade skriften, which appeared from 1899 onwards.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius published some of his poems in the Necken Album, but his first collection of poems was Heather Flowers (Ljungblommor, 1845).


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Its second volume appeared in 1850 and a third in 1854.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Topelius is known for his works depicting Finnish landscapes, such as the poem “Kesäpäivä in Kangasalla”, which belongs to the Sylvia Songs series.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

There is also a production of Topelius in “Sparrow Christmas Morning” (Sparven på julmorgonen).


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius contributed to the work of the Hymnal Committee, and for example the hymns En Seek Power for Splendor (Hymn 31) and the Spirit of Truth (hymn 484) are written by him.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

As a journalist, Topelius wrote a lot for women and children as well.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

He is remembered as a “fairy tale uncle” because he wrote educational and popular children's fairy tales.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius presented the children as brisk and initiative.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

His pedagogy represented neo-humanism, which emphasized the building of positive character.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius took issue with fragments of diffuse knowledge, negativity and cynicism.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius authored two elementary education textbooks, the Book of Nature (1860) and the Book of Our Country (1875).


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Thinking Topelius learned Finnish while studying in trivial school and, as a journalist, urged mothers to teach their children Finnish.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius believed that Finnish culture became predominantly Finnish-speaking, but he also stressed the historical and cultural importance of Swedish heritage and Swedish language in Finland.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Topelius's historical novels emphasize patriotism, religion, and a society that requires social classes to cooperate in harmony.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius's conception of history originated from G. W. F. Hegel.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

He held that Providence guided the course of history, while Hegel again viewed reason as guiding it.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius thought history was the history of peoples, in which each nation sought to become aware of their vocation and create a state for themselves.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[7] Honours As is often the case for senior professors, Topelius was awarded the Second Class Cross of the Order of St. Anna in 1877.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

He was granted the rank of Privy Councillor in 1878, which was usual for one-term principals.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

The Swedish Academy awarded Topelius two prizes and he was also awarded a few honorary memberships, including to the Society of Finnish Literature.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

However, neither the Finnish Science Society nor the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences elected him as their member.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland did not accept Topelius as an honorary member until late.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius himself felt that he did not receive enough appreciation from his contemporaries.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

It was not until the celebrations of his 80th birthday and especially at the grand funeral that followed the celebrations that soon followed.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[1] Statues and monuments have been erected in honour of Topelius.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

A grave statue carved by Walter Runeberg towards Valo was erected on Topelius' grave grave at Hietaniemi Cemetery (V21-12-3) in 1905.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Funds for the grave monument had been obtained through a civic collection organised by the Finnish Women's Association.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

A statue sculpted by sculptor Emil Wikström, showing Topelius surrounded by children, was unveiled in Vaasa in 1915.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Funds for the statue of “fairy tale uncle” came mainly as donations from Vaasa schoolchildren.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[8] Topelius also wanted to have a statue in the capital, and Svenska litteratursällskapet started raising funds for the project in 1908.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

This resulted in one of Finland's most famous statue controversies, in which adherents of traditional-looking realism and modern monument art were contrasted.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Sculptor Ville Vallgren sculpted a realistic memorial statue in which Topelius is depicted surrounded by children in the manner of the statue of Vaasa, and offered it to both Litteratursällskapet and the City of Helsinki.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

However, these were unwilling to take on the sculpture.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

In 1929, Litteratursällskapet held a memorial competition which was won by Gunnar Finne's proposal for Fairy Tale and Truth.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Finne's sculpture was more modernist than Vallgren's: it was not a statue of Topelius, but depicted two allegorical nude female figures.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Finne's sculpture generated fierce opposition among people who preferred Vallgren's realistic Topelius, and a popular movement quickly emerged around the writer Maila Talvio, who acquired the funds to erect a statue of Vallgren in Helsinki.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Because of this, two statues commemorating Zachris Topelius were unveiled in 1932 in Helsinki: Vallgren's Realist Topelius and the Children in the School Puistikko and Finne's Symbolist Fable and Truth in the Esplanade Park.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[8] Topeliuksenkatu is named after Topeliuksenkatu in Töölö, Kokkola and Lohja, Topeliuksentie in Mikkeli and Topeliuksenpuistikko in Uussakaarlepyy.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

The Topelius study of Zachris Topelius has been published numerous biographies.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

The most extensive and notable is the six-volume Zacharias Topelius: Hans lif och skaldegärning (1912—1930) written by his pupil, literary scholar Valfrid Vasenius.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius' grandson Paul Nyberg, who organised his grandfather's literary estate in the National Library into the Topelius Collection, published his diaries under the name Zacharias Topelius dagböcker (1918—1924) and selections of his correspondence under the name Konstnärsbrev (1956—1960), as well as the biographer Zachris Topelius: En biografisk skildring (1949).


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

There have also been a large number of historical and literary scholarly specialised studies published on Topelius, such as Matti Klinge's Idyll and the Menace: The Ideas and Politics of Topelius (1998).


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Topelius' compiled works have been published twice, first in Swedish from 1904 to 1907 and then in Finnish from 1929 to 1939.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

These series of works, however, include only Topelius's works of fiction, not, for example, his newspaper writings, diaries, or correspondence.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland launched the Zacharias Topelius skrifter edition in 2005, which aims to publish “literary works and other literary estate as comprehensively as possible”.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

The edition is digital and freely available, and some of the material is also published in print.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

By autumn 2017, eight volumes of the edition have been published.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

[9] Works The Hunting of Charles the King (Kung Karls jakt) Princess of Kypro (Princess af Cypern) My book of insanity pamphlets (Blad ur min tänkebok) Readings for children (Läsning för barn), including fairy tales: The Pearl of Adalmina Birch and the Star (Björken och stjärnan) Sampo Lappalainen Nature Book (Naturens bok) Our country book (Boken om vårt land) Traveling in Finland (En resa i Finland) Old Baron of Rautakylä (Gamla baron på Rautakylä) Regina von Emmeritz Sylvia's songs: Summer day in Kangasa (En sommardag i Kangasala) Sylvia's Christmas Carol (En sommardag i Kangasala) Sylvias hälsning från Sicilien) Winter Evening Stories (Vinterqvällar — listed below have also appeared as separate books) The King's Glove (Kungens handske) Linnainen Manor Green Chamber (Gröna kammaren i Linnais gård) Duchess of Finland (Hertiginnan af Finland) safeties (Planeternas skyddslingar, later Stjärnornas kungabarn) Välskär narratives (Fältskärns berättelser) Simeon Levis resa i Finland framställdt i teckningar Bride and other horror novelties, Faros 2013 Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Klinge, Matti| title= Idyll and Threat: Topelius Ideas and Policy| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-0-22952-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mazzarella, Merete| title = No longing, not sadness: The day Zacharias Topelius| publisher = January| year = 2009| id = ISBN 951-31-4758-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tiitta, Allan| title = Land of Grey Stone: Zacharias Topelius and Geography of Finland| location = Helsinki | publisher = Finnish Science Society | year = 1994| version = Bidrag till kännedom av Finland natur och folk, 147| id = ISBN 951-653-273-X}} On the topic elsewhere in Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

(in Swedish) Freely downloadable e-books by Zacharias Topelius National Library Referenced 9.4.2008.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

(in Swedish) Booksampo.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

375 humanists as of June 20, 2015.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

University of Helsinki.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

Enni Mustonen: “Shepherd Girl”.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

A novel about a maid girl who served Zachris Topelius in old age days mainly in Koivuniemi.


Question: What was Zachris Topelius's first work?

Zachris Topelius

* Category:Those born in 1818 Class:Those who died in 1898 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: How does a rubber bill work?

Sport in Finland

Sport in Finland consists of competitive sports aiming for better performances than fellow competitors, fitness sports, where the primary objective is to maintain and recreate one's physical condition, and bench sports, that is, following and encouraging other competitive sports performances.


Question: How does a rubber bill work?

Sport in Finland

In the early days of top Finnish sport, Finland was one of the best sports countries in the world.


Question: How does a rubber bill work?

Sport in Finland

At the Summer and Winter Olympics from 1908 to 1936, Finland finished fourth in the medal table, [1] and of the Olympic medals in that period, more than half of the Olympic medals in that period came from athletics and wrestling.


Question: How does a rubber bill work?

Sport in Finland

Despite the success of the 1970s at the 1968—1996 Olympics, Finland was ranked 26th in the medal table.


Question: How does a rubber bill work?

Sport in Finland

Coming into the 21st century, the variety field has become increasingly fragmented, and prestige medals have also become divided into more and more species.


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Sport in Finland

In 2015, Finnish athletes achieved 300 World Championship or European Championships medals in 48 different sports formats (with success in sports federations that enjoy the operating allowance of the Ministry of Education and Cults).


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Sport in Finland

[2] The Finnish national game is a baseball game created by Lauri Pihkala.


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Sport in Finland

[3] Competitive Sports Olympic Games Finland participated in the Winter Olympics for the 22nd time in 2014.


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Sport in Finland

Four athletes have won seven medals from the Winter Games: cross-country skiers Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi 1984—1994, Veikko Hakulinen 1952—1960 and Eero Mäntyranta 1960—1968, and Clas Thunberg for speed skating in the 1920s.


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Sport in Finland

[4] Finland participated in the Summer Olympics for the 25th time in 2012.


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Sport in Finland

By far the most medals have been won by endurance runner Paavo Nurmi, 12 apiece, and gymnast Heikki Savolainen, nine apiece.


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Sport in Finland

[5] Finland has won a total of 102 gold medals from the Summer Games, but most of them before World War II.


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Sport in Finland

Bread sports for Finns have included javelin throwing, long-distance running and wrestling.


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Sport in Finland

[6] In the five Olympic Games between 1920 and 1936, Finns won 16 gold medals from five running distances of 1500 metres and longer now included in the Olympic programme.


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Sport in Finland

[7] In 1920 Finland achieved a knitting victory in the javelin throw, [8] and there are also four triple victories in athletics, one in cross-country skiing and one in gymnastics [9] — in the latter, all three Finns won a gold medal.


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Sport in Finland

[10] At the 1948 Olympics Finland was the best country in gymnastics [10] and in 1952 in canoeing.


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Sport in Finland

[11] Athletics In athletics, Finns' most successful sports have been endurance running and javelin throwing.


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Sport in Finland

At the World Championships in Athletics, Finland has won a total of 17 medals, eight of which have come from the javelin throw.


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Sport in Finland

The first javelin gold was awarded by Tiina Lillak in 1983.


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Sport in Finland

[12] Finnish athletics became known to the world in 1912 when Hannes Kolehmainen ran for Olympic gold at the Summer Olympics in Stockholm, breaking the 3000 metres and 5000 metres world records in the process.