Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Of surface area it has about 740 square kilometers.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[3] The differences in elevation on Madeira Island are large.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The highest mountain, Pico Ruivo, rises to a height of 1862 meters.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[4] The second and third highest mountains are Pico das Torres (1851m) and Pico do Areeiro (1818m).


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[4] The island is surrounded by a deep sea area.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Already a few dozen kilometres from the northern coast of the island there are already 2500—4000 m deep stretches.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[1] More than 2000 kilometres of levadas pass through Madeira, carrying water from the rainy mountain range to the drier south and south-east of the island, which is better suited for farming and settlement.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Flowing water generates hydropower at the same time.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[5] [6] Other Islands Porto Santo is one of the two inhabited islands and is located about 40 kilometers northeast of Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Porto Santo has a length of about 11 kilometers, a latitude of 6 kilometers and a total area of about 40 square kilometers.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The age of the island has been estimated at 13.5—18 million years.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The capital of the island is Vila Baleira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The island is formed by two volcanic uplands, with an island airfield located in the shallower area between them.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[7] The highest point of the island, Pico do Facho, rises 516 meters above sea level.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The climate of Porto Santo is dry and irrigation is a challenge for all farming.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[8] Six smaller creeds lie around the main island of Porto Santo: Ilhéu da Cal, Ilhéu das Cenouras, Ilhéu de Cima, Ilhéu de Fora, Ilhéu de Ferro and Ilhéu da Fonte da Areia.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[9] The Desertas Islands consist of three main islands.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The largest of the islands is the 12 kilometres long and 2 kilometres wide Deserta Grande, whose highest point rises 490 metres above sea level.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Ilha do Bugio is about 7.5 kilometers long by 800 metres wide.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The smallest of the islands, Ilhéu Chão is about 1.6 kilometers long and 500 meters wide, rising gently at the northern end to a height of almost a hundred meters.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The islands are popular with fishermen but are not allowed to go ashore more than ten metres from the shoreline.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[10] The Desertas Islands and Selvagen Islands were privately owned until 1971, when they were acquired by the Portuguese government.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The Selvagen Islands lie approximately 280 kilometres southeast of Funchal and are closer to the Canary Islands than to the main island Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The sea area between Desertas and Selvagen Islands is up to 4.5 kilometres deep in places.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[1] The Selvagen Islands are formed of two groups with a combined area of approximately 2.8 square kilometres.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The northern group is formed by Selvagem Grande, along with two smaller islands, Palheiro da Terra and Palheiro do Mar.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The southern group is formed by Selvagem Pequena and Ilhéu de Fora, as well as several smaller bullets.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[11] The islands are so shallow that there is no orographic rain on them, so three years can pass between the rains.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[12] The climate of Madeira is located in the subtropical zone.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Rather, a temperate climate prevails in the northern part of the island, as an average 1000 m high mountain range running in an east-west direction divides the island into the southern and northern halves, causing climatic differences between them.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

High mountain chains force moist and warm pasate winds blowing on Madeira's northern coast to soar upwards, condensing into fog and clouds.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

High mountains slow down the southward passage of clouds, so rains are mostly concentrated on the north side of the island and in the mountains.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The most rainy days are between November and March, while the least rainy days are from May to September.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Golf Stream Extension Canary Current affects sea temperatures.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[13] [14] Funchal has an average temperature of 16—21 degrees from December to April, after which it rises gradually reaching 20—25 degrees Celsius in July—August.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Between October and December, Funchal averages between 18 and 21 degrees.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Temperatures hardly soar above 27—28 degrees except rarely when a warm easterly wind blows from the direction of Africa.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Elevation above sea level is a major factor in Madeira's climate.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Going up into the mountains, the average temperature drops by about 3°C for every 500m climb.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The subtropical zone extends to about 300 m and the Mediterranean climate to 300—750 m above sea level.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Although even at the highest peaks, you can reach 20 degrees Celsius on a summer day.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The island of Madeira is characterized by microclimates influenced by elevation above sea level as well as winds.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira has recently experienced noticeable changes in climate.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Rainfall has become significantly less than in the early 1990s, winters are warmer, average temperatures have increased, and drought has increased.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[13] [14] The nature of Madeira is rich in biodiversity and over 7500 species of earth are thought to live in the archipelago.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Endemic species and their subspecies number nearly 1500, representing about 20% of the number of species.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

There are six protected areas in the Madeira archipelago, including the Madeira Nature Reserve, which covers nearly two-thirds of Madeira Island.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In addition, more than ten sites are included in the European Union's Natura 2000 project and 11 are considered important bird areas.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira additionally has one UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[15] Vegetation Madeira's vegetation is diverse and abundant.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Approximately 760 seed or flowering plants are found in the Madeira archipelago, nearly 20% of which are endemic.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

More than 40 species of ferns, 500 species of algae, 450 species of fungi, 450 lichen and 320 moss are also found in Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Of the 156 endemic species growing in the Madeira archipelago, 99 grow on Madeira Island.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Porto Santo and the Selvagen Islands both have nine endemic species and only two in the Desertas Islands.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The rest of the species are common between different island groups.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

On Madeira Island, four vegetation zones can be distinguished, the boundaries of which nevertheless move.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[16] The Madeira Nature Reserve is home to the world's largest unified area of laurisilva forest.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[17] The forest is located in areas around 600 to 1300 metres above sea level and typical species such as macaronesian anavocado, canary laurel, barbusano and stink greenwood.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[16] The area has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1999.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[17] The forest is particularly threatened by invasive species, such as the Eucalyptus feverwood (Eucalyptus globulus) and silver acacia (Acacia dealbata), which spread on the island, displacing native species.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

As a result, the environment is effectively controlled and alien species are replaced by native species.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Actual crops on the island are represented, first of all, by banana and vine.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[18] The fauna of the Madeira archipelago live almost 200 species of birds and there are about 40 nesting species.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Three endemic bird species live on the islands: the madeiran chamfer, the madeira dove and the madeiran hippie.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

It is also an important breeding site for several seabirds.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[20] Common birds in Madeira include blackbird, blackhead creepy and dairy sack.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Some of the birds found in Madeira also nest in the canary archipelago, such as the madeira speedster, canary hemp and canary axe.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

For example, the canary axe, fish tern, canary windhawk and frigate storm bird nest in the Selvagen Islands.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

On the largest island, Selvagem Grande, nests a yellow-nosed grander, for the protection of which the islands were purchased by the Portuguese government in 1971 as a nature reserve.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Nearly 500 different marine mollusc species occur in Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[19] There are almost 300 species of land mollusc in the archipelago.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Porto Santo is home to the world's most diverse land mollusc population in terms of surface area.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Admittedly, human activities have had negative consequences for the mollusc population in the area and according to the IUCN, the preservation of several species is threatened.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[21] With the exception of bats, land-living mammals have come to the islands with humans, such as the rabbit introduced as a game animal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Of the reptiles, you can find some geckos and geckos.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[22] Frogs can be seen in Madeira especially in spring.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

There are an estimated 800 to 1200 species of insects, beetles about 550 species and butterflies 120 species.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

There are about 100 species of spiders and in the Desertas Islands live Madeira's only venomous animal species, Lycosa ingens.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[19] More than 200 fish genera live in the waters of Madeira, including numerous species.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

These include various types of tuna, mackerel, cod, toothperch, sea perch, coral perch, sardines, cod, moray and swordfish.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Many invertebrates are found in riparian waters, as well as fish species such as blue-thorn mackerel, Japanese mackerel and yellow-tailed horse mackerel.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[23] When the waters of Madeira are at their warmest in July/September, large barrakudes may be circulating in the waters.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Espada, or black scabbard fish, is the most common species of fish on the Madeiran dinner table.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Numerous different deep-sea fish live at a depth of about 1000 m, including seabrass, lanternfish, and cross-toothed perch.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Whales, dolphins and sea turtles also live in deeper waters.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[24] An endangered monk seal lives on the Desertas Grande, whose population is recovering again thanks to tranquilization and conservation activities.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Cashelot was caught in Madeira waters until the 1980s until it was tranquilized to protect the stock.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[19] Sharks do not come near the coast.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[19] History Early stages The first historically reliable source of Europeans visiting Madeira is the arrival of the Portuguese in the early 15th century.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

However, there are also considerably older but uncertain references from Madeira right from the beginning of the time count.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The Roman writer Pliny mentioned in his texts the Purple Islands, which may well have referred to Madeira on behalf of its location.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The Arabs have allegedly discovered the island as early as the 10th century and named it El Ghanem and the possibility of a Viking visit has also been mooted.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Anne d'Arfet, a rich English maid of nobility, is reported to have fallen in love with poor Robert Machim in 14th century England and fled with him through her forced marriage to France.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

However, the ship carrying them is reported to have been caught in a severe storm, resulting in it drifting off course and being shipwrecked off the present town of Machico.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

It is thought the town was named after Robert Machim.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

By the 14th century, however, Madeira probably was already known, as it appears on an Italian map dating from as early as 1351.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In the map, Madeira appears as Isola di Lolegname (tree island), in addition to which it also shows Porto Santo as well as the Desertas Islands under their current names.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] From colonization towards modernity, the official written history of the Madeira island group began in 1418 when João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira, who sailed in the service of the Portuguese prince Henry the Sailor, drifted in a storm to the island of Porto Santo, which received to be named Porto Santo, meaning Holy Harbor.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The following year, an expedition was organised to the islands.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Italian nobleman Bartolomeu Perestrello was tasked with colonizing Porto Santo and Zarco and Teixeira were sent to explore Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[26] The islands were completely uninhabited when discovered, and the Portuguese began colonizing them in the 1420s.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[27] Settlers brought sugar cane to the island from Italy and vine from Crete.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira soon had large sugarcane plantations using slaves imported from Africa since the 1450s [27] as labour.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Madeira's economic importance grew with the valuable sugar trade and the Portuguese soon gained control of the European sugar monopoly.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] From 1450 to 1470, Madeira was a considerable centre of grain production and grain was exported to mainland Portugal as well as trading centres in Portuguese Africa, among others.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] However, sugar farming was considerably more profitable and in 1485 the islands were plagued by famine due to lack of grain.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The Azores became the grain granary of the region and Madeira was able to concentrate on valuable sugar production.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[26] Funchal and Machico developed into thriving cities as a result of their prosperity.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[26] At the end of the 15th century, more inhabitants flowed into Madeira from Europe.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Many of them were merchants who brought with them more investment and prospered the island.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[27] Maine for the welfare of Madeira spread and attracted pirates to the archipelago.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Madeira suffered its worst pirate attack in 1566 when a pirate force of more than a thousand attacked Funchal under French pirate Bertrand de Montluch and pillaged the island for over two weeks.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[28] Sugar production flourished from the 1450s onwards until it in the early part of the 16th century reversed into decline.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[26] During the 16th century, Madeira lost its dominance as a sugar cane producer to Brazil, where it could be produced more cheaply.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Poor fertilization and climatic causes also contributed to the collapse in sugar production.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Sugarcane had consumed Madeira's soil, resulting in several plantations beginning to grow a less demanding vine.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

However, Madeira still received almost seven times more income from sugar at the end of the 16th century than from wine.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira was from 1580 until 1640 with the rest of Portugal under Spanish control.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] In the 17th century, Madeira's economy depended on wine exports as well as revenue brought by shipping.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] In the 1660s, Madeira was to be subject to a dowry gift to England when King Charles II of England married Catherine de Bragança of Portugal in 1662.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The bride's dowry is reported to have been accompanied by a secret agreement whereby Portugal would have given England a further Madeira if Charlemagne had not been satisfied with his dowry.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] The influence of English merchants in Madeira increased from the end of the 17th century onwards.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[29] As early as the 18th century, Madeira was growing in emigration to Brazil, as Madeira began to be overpopulated in relation to the conditions of the time.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Despite this, Madeira's population continued to grow.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

By the middle of the 18th century, there were already 75,000 inhabitants.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] In 1803, a flood of unprecedented magnitude rose in Madeira, causing great destruction, especially in Funchal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

At least 600 people were killed.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira was twice occupied by the British in the early 19th century during the Napoleonic Wars.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Many Englishmen had migrated to Madeira as early as the 18th century, mainly to become winemakers, and during and after the Napoleonic Wars, more arrived when many of the British soldiers remained on the island permanently.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Some of the British merchants who arrived in Madeira after the wars established prominent merchant lineages, such as Charles Blandy and Thomas Slap Leacock, who were early business partners.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[30] Within the course of the 19th century, Madeira developed into a popular tourist and holiday destination; however, holidaymakers still represented, well into the 20th century, the upper middle class.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[30] During José Silvestre Ribeiro, who served as governor of Madeira (1846-1852), roads were built, Funchal electric lighting started and social reforms were implemented.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Cholera that raged in 1852 killed an estimated 7000 people and in the same year mold destroyed the island's vines, resulting in the loss of an estimated 90% of the crop.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Wine aphids, accidentally imported from the United States, infested and destroyed the remaining vines in the early 1870s.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Although new varieties were soon planted in their place, the plantations could not yet be fully restored and by the end of the 19th century many had to leave the island.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[27] In 1900, however, record harvests were already received and agricultural production on the island was diversified by planting bananas, which even today are of great importance for exports.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[31] In 1905, the German company offered to build hospitals, a sanatorium on Madeira and to develop the island into a modern resort, provided that it was allowed to take over all the island's business operations accordingly.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The Portuguese government initially agreed to the proposal, but did not take into account British opinion.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[31] In addition, following the advent of German colonialist ambitions, the proposal was finally refused.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[29] At the beginning of World War I German possessions on the island were confiscated.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Germany declared war on Portugal in 1916 and in the same year a German submarine made a surprise attack on Funchal and sank three French ships in the harbour as well as bombarding the city.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[31] [25] In 1917, German submarines bombed Funchal again, destroying buildings in the city.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

After World War I, the economic situation in Madeira was poor.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] A general strike broke out in Madeira in early 1931 due to rising bread prices as well as the bankruptcy of two major Madeiran banks.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[32] Bankruptcies had taken away the savings of thousands of Madeirans.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Military troops were sent to the island from Portugal, but some of the troops joined the rebels led by General Sousa Dias, who had been expelled from Portugal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

More troops were sent from Portugal and the rebellion was eventually defeated.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Others were granted asylum from Great Britain, but most including Dias were forced to surrender to the Portuguese.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[29] Portugal remained neutral in World War II and Madeira was spared the war effort.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Political refugees came to Madeira and Great Britain evacuated about 2,000 civilian workers from its colony of Gibraltar during the war to Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Autonomy and Modernity The Carnation Revolution in Portugal on 25 April 1974 toppled the military junta that ruled the country.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The right-wing paramilitary organisation Flama carried out terrorist attacks in Madeira with the aim of achieving independence and complete independence from Portugal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

When Portugal received a new constitution in 1976 and autonomous status was defined for Madeira, the organisation ceased to function.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[32] In 1986, Madeira joined Portugal to the European Union.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Madeira then began to receive financial support to build better infrastructure and new roads, as well as improving electricity distribution, medical care and education.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[27] Madeira's standard of living has risen during the period of autonomy and EU membership.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[33] Madeira was hit by heavy heavy rains on 20 February 2010, causing severe flooding and mudslides, especially in the south of the island.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The worst devastation was concentrated in the capital Funchal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Forty-two people were killed, about 120 people were injured and more than 200 people lost their homes due to the storm.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

This was the worst storm since 1993, when eight people were killed.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[34] [35] In the summer of 2012, Madeira was hit by extensive wildfires, like mainland Portugal, which were also sent firefighters from the mainland to extinguish.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[36] [37] [38] Administration and politics The degree of autonomy of Madeira has varied over the years and its extent is decided by the Portuguese Parliament.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[39] Before 1974, practically all matters had to be handled through Lisbon.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

However, the island had a general council representing the central government in Lisbon and operated under the Ministry of the Interior.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[33] In April 1976 Portugal held its first free elections in decades.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The constitution of the same year defined Madeira as an autonomous region.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In Madeira, the election was won by the Madeira branch of the centre-right Social Democratic Party (PSD) led by Alberto João Jardim, which received 65% of the vote.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[32] Jardim became president two years later when Ornelas Camacho resigned from office.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[33] Jardim served as President of Madeira since 1978, and still in 2011 he was elected to a further term.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[40] In 2015, Miguel Albuquerque, who had previously served as mayor of Funchal, was elected as his successor.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[41] Madeira joined Portugal in 1986.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Taxation was regionalised in early 2006.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[33] Nowadays, Madeira can practically decide all its affairs, except for the security policy, which is shared with mainland Portugal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[33] The Regional Parliament and Government are the administrative bodies of the Autonomous Region of Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The president heads the regional government and is elected to a term lasting four years.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The same person can be elected to office in unlimited numbers.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira's regional parliament is made up of 47 regional MPs elected for a four-year term.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[33] The regional parliament may legislate, but they must fit into the Portuguese Constitution.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[42] The President heads the regional government, assisted by the Vice President, as well as seven ministries whose branches were slightly modified in 2007.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The Vice President's responsibilities include parliamentary affairs, general administration, EU-related matters, energy production, trade and industry, and the Madeira Development Society.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[33] Madeirans hold Portuguese passports and state taxes are paid to Portugal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[39] Madeira also has its own flag, anthem and stamp.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[33] The administrative division of Madeira consists of 11 municipalities, ten of which are located on the island of Madeira and one on Porto Santo.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The municipalities are further divided into 54 freguesia.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira has 53 freguesias and Porto Santo has one.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[43] The Desertas Islands are administratively part of the municipality of Santa Cruz and the Selvagen Islands to the municipality of Funchal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[44] Economy The main cornerstones of Madeira's economy are farming, fishing, tourism and economic services for foreign companies.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[46] The industry in the region is not very diverse and consists mainly of various traditional handicrafts aimed at external markets, such as embroidery, tapestries and basketry.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Major industries are related to activities in the food, beverage, tobacco and construction sectors.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[47] As a result of the increased economic prosperity, the country's unemployment rate was around 6% in 2008, low compared to the rest of Portugal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[46] Madeira has also received considerable support from European Union funds, which has had a major impact on its economy.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The subsidies received have included lengthening the airport runway, as well as improving road networks by building tunnels to speed up passage.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[48] The official currency of Madeira is the euro.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In September 2002, Moody's gave the Madeira region an Aa3 issuer credit rating due to the region's buoyant economy and improved performance, as well as a manageable debt burden.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In September 2011, Moody's downgraded Madeira's long-term credit rating from B1 to B3 over concerns about mismanagement and management in the region, as well as poor budget execution.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The combined impact of the costs and debt restructuring agreements not announced by the regional government of Madeira since 2003 amounted to €1.1 billion in 2008-2010 deficits.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[46] President Jardim resigned from office in spring 2007 in protest at the law passed by the government of José Sócrates on the use of the territories.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Without consulting with Madeira, the government had amended the joint Portuguese and Madeira laws so that 2% of the EU money belonging to Madeira remained in Portugal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

However, Jardim stood for re-election and won the election overwhelmingly.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[25] Transport for citizens of Member States of the European Union and the Schengen Area are free to travel to Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The island group has two airports: Madeira Airport in Santa Cruz, and Porto Santo Airport on the island of Porto Santo.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Air connections to Madeira go from Portugal, as well as from the Azores, but also from other parts of Europe and, for example, South America.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

From Portugal you can also travel to Madeira by ferry.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Traveling between Madeira and Porto Santo is either by plane or by ferry, which also carries cars as well as other vehicles.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira Island has a comprehensive road network, and the most affordable method of transport is buses running around the island, however, with timetables designed mainly for the needs of locals.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The easiest way to go is a rental car, which can be rented, for example, at the airport.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In the capital Funchal, you can move reliably by taxi.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[49] Tourism miniature|Shape-cut shrubs in the Madeira Botanical Garden.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Tourism is an important source of income for Madeira's economy as it generates about 20% of the region's GDP.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[47] Madeira has been a popular destination for tourists since the 18th century.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The region's mild climate attracted tourists, particularly from Britain and other parts of Europe.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In addition, sick people also arrived in Madeira who believed they would find a cure for their ailments.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[48] An airport was built in Madeira in 1964, before which the island had to be travelled by ship.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[48] Today, the number of onboard tourists is on the rise again, as many Atlantic cruises stop in Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

During winter time, air tourists seeking warmth and sun arrive in Madeira from Germany, Britain and Scandinavia, while in summer there are more southern European arrivals fleeing the heats of their homeland.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[50] Madeira is located on the Atlantic Ocean and tourists host a wide variety of nautical themed activities, including sailing, fishing, whale and dolphin safaris, water skiing, surfing, diving and swimming.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[51] The island's most famous tourist attractions include the Botanical Gardens, the isolated Nun Valley Curral das Freiras, where guided tours take place, and the gardens of the Palace of Monte and the lava caves of São Vincente.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Hiking trips on levadas and mountain peaks to vantage points are also popular.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[52] Cabo Girão is the second tallest sea cliff in the world and a popular attraction, [53] with a glass-bottomed observation deck.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[54] The capital Funchal hosts an annual spectacular New Year fireworks display, which has made it into the Guinness Book of Records as the largest in the world.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[55] Madeira has a boat connection to Porto Santo Island.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[56] The climate of Porto Santo and the nine-kilometer-long sandy beach on the south of the island attract not only tourists but also families from the island of Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[57] [58] Sand is said to have health-promoting effects.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[59] Health risks In October 2012, a mosquito-borne dengue fever epidemic broke out in Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[60] [61] Among the sufferers were also Finnish tourists.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[62] The number of people affected by the disease turned to a decline in mid-November.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[63] The epidemic caused no fatalities and no new cases of illness have been reported since spring 2013.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[64] [65] Madeira authorities, however, recommend tourists follow preventative measures, such as using mosquito repellents, keeping hotel room windows closed in the evenings, and preferring skin-covering clothing.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[65] Levadat Levadas are canals on the island of Madeira that transport water from the rainy mountain areas of the island down to drier areas in the south and southeast, more suitable for farming and settlement.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The first levadas were built in the 15th century from wood and later from earth mixture or by chipping into rock.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Today, levadas are made of concrete.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In the 17th century, ever-longer and wider water channels were built due to watermills and sugar cane cultivation.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The work was usually done by Moorish people who worked in dangerous conditions or by slaves imported from Africa.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In 1940, the Water Use Commission began modernizing the levadas, resulting in three new electric plants being built by 1969, as well as five new levadas.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[6] Today, a total of 2150 km of levadas pass through Madeira, transporting water to the south of the island while generating hydropower.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The trails that run next to the Levadas, which were originally meant to facilitate the construction and repair of canals, are today popular hiking trails for tourists.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[5] Walking trails popular with hikers include the Three Levada Trail in the Rabaçal Valley, [66] and Levada dos Tornos, the starting point of which can be reached by bus from Funchal.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[67] Population The population of Madeira in 2010 totalled about 247000, of which just over 240000 lived on Madeira Island and the rest in Porto Santo.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[45] Madeira was completely uninhabited before the arrival of Portuguese settlers in the early 15th century.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

After them, the population of the area grew, including the crews and passengers of ships that passed through the island, merchants, and soldiers.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Until recent years, Madeirans lived quite isolated from the rest of the world.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Much has been migrated from densely populated Madeira to other places, especially South America.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Porto Santo is mainly inhabited by pensioners, airline staff and idle tourists.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[68] The University of Madeira was established in 1988.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[69] Culture Food Madeiran cuisine includes a great variety of meat dishes such as espetada, carne de vinho e alhos and picado.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Espetada is a grilled steer of ox meat seasoned with garlic and sea salt, preferably using a stick made from a laurel tree branch.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Picado is a beef stew seasoned with garlic, meat broth and olive oil and served with fries.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The third traditional meat dish, carne de vinho e alhos, is pork meat marinated in wine, rich garlic and bay leaves.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[70] [71] Fish plays an important part in Madeiran cuisine culture due to traditional fishing.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Tuna, espada, or black scabbard fish, and cod appear in several dishes, as do mussels and octopuses caught in the area.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Espada is usually served with fried banana.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Açorda à madeirense is a popular soup dish made with bread, garlic and egg.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[70] [71] Madeira's well-known country bread Bolo do Caco is always served with garlic butter.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

It is almost always offered at various events and parties, as well as in restaurants.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Various pastries and desserts are available in Madeira, such as queijadas (cheese pastry) and Bolo de mel (honey cake).


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[70] [71] The famous Madeira wine is made in Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[72] It is a concentrated wine, usually sweet, which is heated during its preparation so that the wine acquires a distinctive flavour.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[73] There are four types of madeira that differ in their sweetness: the driest sercial is suitable for the appetizer, the semi-dry verdelho is often enjoyed with fruitcake, the semi-sweet bual resembles port wine, and the sweetest malmsey is the most pronounced dessert wine.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[74] Sports The seas and cliffs of Madeira are suitable for many sports activities such as diving, surfboarding, gliding shading, BASE jumping and bodyboarding.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The bright blue shallows of Madeira attract many divers to the area, as well as diving schools.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The most popular areas are the Garajau Marine Reserve, the Machico Coastal Area and Porto Santo.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[75] Other popular activities include camping in the nature of Madeira, horseback riding and golf.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Madeira has three golf courses: two nearby Funchal and one in Porto Santo.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

The first 9-hole field is was built in 1937.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[76] Local football clubs CS Marítimo, CD Nacional and União da Madeira play in the Portuguese main league.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Also famous footballer Cristiano Ronaldo hails from Madeira.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

In basketball, the island is represented by CAB Madeira, which plays in the Portuguese main league.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

[77] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Svensson, Bertil| title = Traveller's Madeira| publisher = Otava| year = 2005| isbn = 951119979X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author title = Beadeker, Karl| = Beadeker's Madeira| publisher = Automobile Associ| ation| year = 1997| isbn=0749517336| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kemppainen, Arja| title = Madeira| publisher = Finnish Travel Guide| year = 2009| isbn = 978-952-9715-43-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Murphy, Paul| title = Madeira| publisher = Berlitz Publish| year = 1998| isbn = 951- 31-2415-0| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= Insight Guides: Madeira| publisher = Insight Guides| year = 2007| isbn=9812586636| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira


Question: What was Madeira's GDP in 2018?

Madeira

References on the topic elsewhere * Category:UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Portugal Category:Key articles on screening Category:41.5 Southern Europe


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satire is a genre of art and a means of style that grapples with differences in reality and ideals and criticizes people's vices or society's grievances.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The satirical work is permeated by a critical, mocking or aggressive attitude, a biting iva.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[1] A text is usually defined as satire by its tone or purpose, not so much by its external form criteria.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The satire of its external form borrows from its host genre.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satire is a species or mode that can penetrate any other genre and subject it to the service of its satirical purpose, thus substantially changing it.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The host genre of satire may be, for example, a poem, a travelogue, a letter, a holding description, an essay, a dialogue, a treatise, or a novel.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[1] The character of a satirical work is permeated by a critical, mocking or aggressive attitude, biting iva.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The main purpose of satire is political, societal or moral.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

But there is also a sense of fun in the satire, as it delivers its criticisms with laughter provoking and comical means, by making its subject ridiculous.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satire has sometimes been read as a genre of humour.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

But where humour is generally understood as good-humoured and tricksy play, with sympathy for ludicrous phenomena of life, satire is less often compassionate in this way.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In satire, the ridiculousness of the subject can be demonstrated without signals of compassion.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[1] [2] Satire sometimes converges with purpose-seeking polemics and propaganda.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satire and propaganda are united by the creation of black-and-white contrast, clearly outlined symbols of good and evil, and the presentation of an abstract principle in concrete form.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satire, however, uses these means as a starting point for its story but does not seek, like propaganda, the ultimate locking of opposites.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[1] Target Satire always has a target it criticizes.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The object of satire may be obvious or a matter of interpretation and definable to the reader.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[3] Satire laughs at subjects where there is something bad, damaging and destructive, but not at harmless objects like what is laughed at in humor.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In satire, the ridiculous is interpreted in an ethical light, as the opposite of the good.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The exception to this is satire focused on mocking idiocy.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[4] As a subject of satire, you can choose anything in principle.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The target may be a pan-human, timeless weakness or vice, such as a desire for power, greed, or hypocrisy.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The target may also be a historical person or faction, such as a person in power, a political movement, or a religious group.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

A single satire can have multiple items as well.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Good satire is biting, prickly, punchy, or poisonous, and must, at least in principle, be able to harm the object it criticises.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[3] The satirist bases his actions on the correctness of his mind and names perpetrators.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Several writers of satires have stressed that they target vice and foolishness in a targeted manner; the innocent, the virtuous, and the wise are safe from satire.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satires, however, are characterized by offensive subjectivity, less often critical objectivity.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[3] The aggressiveness of satire is shown in its simplest terms as verbal violence, barking words and curses.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

There is a cloudier, symbolic aggression in the narrative and fantastical satire.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

At the level of the plot, it manifests itself in such a way that the characters of satires are repeatedly subjected to painful adventures.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Indirect aggression exists when person characters are reduced to animals, mechanical creatures, or caricatures.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[3] Satire's personal description is escalating.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The laughable aspects of the subject are exaggerated ridiculously, not so much the person's physical traits as in a comedic performance, but his weaknesses or vices.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satires are treated acidly by satires.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[3] Satires include sadists who want power, vanity divas, and fools protecting their own stardom.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Persons are flat caricatures composed of a few key character traits, weaknesses or vices.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[5] In contrast to comedy, the object of satire is often a recognizable and historical person.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Laughter also tends to be oriented upwards in satire in the social hierarchy, such as political influencers, authority figures, or scholars.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The satirist places himself above these with a sense of moral or intellectual superiority.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Evolution can be shown to be ostensible and man to pretender.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In satire, it's not generally accepted that someone holding power would mock a subordinate.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Nor does the seriously ill laugh in satire, too, the hypochondriac.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[6] One enduring topic of satire is the demonstration of the superficiality and ultimate bestiality of humanity.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The most popular benchmarks have been donkey, monkey and pig.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In George Orwell's Animal Revolution, the metaphorical bestiality of man changes tangibly as the power-holding pigs identify with the political leaders of the Soviet power and the rest of the farm's livestock with the dispossessed people.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[5] Human bestiality, in newer or Carnivalist satires, can also be liberating and subversive, not just exclusively the object of the critic.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[7] Human mechanicism is satirised, for example, in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, where people are mass-produced in factory-like conditions.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[7] In more recent times, individuals whose identities have been built on self-image, branded or popular culture have become popular objects of satire from women's magazines.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[7] The lasting objects of satire at different times have included criticisms of materiality and superficiality, as well as depictions of people alienated from themselves, their lives and true reality.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The well-to-do people in Evelyn Waugh's works, for example, fill their emptiness with various piques and macabre amusements.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[8] Topics recurring in contemporary satires include the domination of the virtual world, the never-ending desire for money, success or experiences, and the desperate search for one's own individuality.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

What is typical for contemporary satire is the denunciation of vices such as greed, selfishness or lust for power.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[8] Other features Satire is often episodic in structure, with deviations, rapid shifts of point of view, abrupt termination, and abundance of all kinds.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[1] Satire sometimes blurs the line between normality and insanity, questioning these classifications as arbitrary.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

A well-known example of this is Yaroslav Hašek's Private Švejk.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Wisdom appears in satires often in characters of jesters like Svejk, who, with their seemingly naive but clairvoyant questions, cause disruptions in the seemingly functioning machine of society.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[8] Satire involves incorruptible condemnation.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satirists say they seek to tell the truth or bring out pseudo-values or falsehoods they perceive.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Of course, the satirist's truth also often includes subjectivity, selection and exaggeration.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satire has often been seen as a pioneer of free speech, authorised without punitive, candid and probing the limits of propriety to criticise social progress and expose human vices.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[9] Satire may have puns, linguistic wit, and fantasy with which satire is made enjoyable and amusing.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

From other forms of criticism, satire is distinguished by fun and the creation of a fictional world.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satirical and comedic performance is united by potential funniness, and there is no clear boundary between species.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

However, the main purpose of satire is not to entertain or make fun of it as with comedy, even if it makes use of comedy and humour.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Satirical involves a seriousness lurking beneath humour and tends to teach rather than amuse.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[10] Laughter in satire is, in the extreme, delightful, stigmatising and exclusionary.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

It has a social and punitive aspect involved and is capable of producing shame.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[6] The Worlds of Satire Literary, narrative satires create a fictional world with sepified characters.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

However, this world is not separate from extratextual reality, as one of the key conventions of satire and its reading is the allusion to extra-linguistic reality.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The world can be described negatively as a world of decadence, motivated by a desire for a better world.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[11] The criticality of the world of satires can be said to arise from the correspondence between the world of fiction and the real world, and from the separation between the ideal and the real.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[12] Satires seek to bring out some hidden or silent reality, the world behind the scenes.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Such a quest for disclosure often acquires a moral character when a vile, truer reality is revealed from behind a seemingly virtuous, functioning reality.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

One favourite target of satires, a critique of hypocrisy or double standards, is based on showing their difference.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[13] Persons in satires are rarely fundamentally good; if they are, they will be corrupted or destroyed by the world of fiction around them.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[13] In satire, evil is about to take victory over good, and with his writing the satirist opposes this development.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[14] Utopia, a happy and best society, has sometimes been used as a tool for satirical criticism.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

By presenting ideals through it, the satirist veils his own society's grievances and possible proposals for reform.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The more common type of satire in Utopia is dystopia, which is the opposite of an ideal state, a bleak world that serves as a cautionary example.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

A well-known dystopia is George Orwell's In 1984.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Since criticism of satires is always directed towards the wrong actions of man, through dystopia, the satirist shows the selfish endeavors of a small group leaving at their feet individual freedom, equality and happiness.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[15] War is a typical object of satire and dystopia, especially the war machine and war rhetoric and the false motives of war.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[16] Plot and Development In satire, development is often treated with pessimism, and happy ending or atonement are often not part of the satire.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Events can often develop only for the worse.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Nothing evolves, the world does not change, persons do not grow, wise up or repent.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Often the same nightmarish situation comes back again and again, and irrelevance and futility are highlighted.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In satires, the plot is not the most important part of the composition, but rather satire invests in character characters and the depiction of vices.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[17] The plot of satire often converges on an absurd presentation whose key features are irrationality, the absence of all purpose, the disconnect of causal relationships that make events meaningful, or the absence of the events themselves.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[17] Classification Satire can be divided into three genres that have received their name from the satirists of antiquity: the satire of Horatius, the Menippian satire, and the satire of Juvenalis.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The breakdown is largely based on the cutting edge of satire.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[18] Horatius' satire is satire of gentle tones.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Horatius treats the follies and contradictions inherent in humans with tolerance, amused rather than indignant.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[19] Menippian satire is an upbeat form of prose satire.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In it, the character traits of persons are exaggerated in a caricature manner, appearing mainly as representatives of some ways of thinking and attitude.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[20] Juvenalis's satire is cutting edge and pessimistic.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Its targets are especially the rich, the pretenders, the boastful, the female gender, foreigners (especially the Greeks), the life of the big city and general immorality.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Juvenalis frowned out with the depiction of all kinds of putrefaction.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[21] History In antiquity, satirical features existed in many genres of Roman and Greek literature, such as comedy, spare poetry, and epigrams.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In Greece, however, satire did not appear as an independent genre; rather, the actual satire was poetry written in Latin, in hexameter.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[22] The first known satirists include the Greeks Arkhilokhos, Hipponaks, Aristophanes and Menippos.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Representatives of Roman satire included, for example, Ennius, Lucilius, Varro, Horatius, Petronius, Martialis and Juvenalis.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[18] In European literature, satires appeared scarce between the 10th and 10th century.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Subsequently, satire rose to a new heyday in Europe, and it has been said that more satirical texts were written in the 12th century than in any other century of Western culture.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Of the sister genres of satire such as ridiculum, nuga, and invective, Middle Ages satire usually refers to a longer and narrative poetry text that is morally critical in content.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Favourite subjects in 10th-century Latin satire were corruption and bribery, which had become current in disputes over office appointments between secular rulers and the Catholic Church.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Debauchery was also a popular topic.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

A lot of satire was in the form of dialogue.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[23] In the 12th century, satires got longer and took on almost epic proportions.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[24] Towards the end of the Middle Ages, satirical ingredients were abundant in, for example, fabliau stories, goliard poetry, animal phables, as well as the narratives of Geoffrey Chaucer and the ballads of François Villon, among others.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[18] In the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Carnivalist or Menippal satire rose in popularity.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[25] Carnival satire contains a considerable number of grotesque stylistic features.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[26] Tragedy and comedy were great art forms in the past centuries.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

It was not appropriate in them to present vice or disgusting people or circumstances.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

When artistic expression became vacant in the 18th century, before the forbidden low, perverse, ugly and vile phenomena emerged.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

By the means of satire, the moral decadence of society was expressed.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

It formed the central stylistic direction of modern literature of the 20th century.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Personal characters often feature a sadistic devil and his innocent victims.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

If you combine romance in the genre, let's move into the realm of horror literature and black romance.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

[27] Classics in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver Expedition (1726) Swift takes a stand in the means of satire, among other things, on the wars of faith and the science of the time.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The dispute of faith is played out by a dispute dividing the people over whether to break an egg from a taper or a blunt end.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

This feud escalates into a full-scale war, drawing comparisons to the war between Protestants and Catholics under Swift.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In Voltaire's classic Candide (1759), by means of war and death, the author criticises the Leibnizian optimism that mankind lives in the best possible world.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The protagonist of Mark Twain's adventures of Huckleberry Finn, among other things, terrifies his friendship with a Negro slave because such is supposedly against God's will.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

In Finland, the first master of Finnish satire was Eino Leino, who cultivated satire in both poems and pakinas.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Erno Paasilinna and Veikko Huovinen are also labelled as satirists in their production.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

The tales of Hitler, Stalin and Peter the Great that evoked the Huovinen aggravation are classic satires.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Huovinen Veitikka contains the same literary means already in the title of the work.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

On the stage, the revue theatre, in particular, has used its old means of satire.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Arvo Salon Lapualaisa opera was cleverly applied by the means of parody to a 1960s satire on the politics of the 1930s.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Finnish satirical series The Monkey Republic Donna Paukku Hukkapu Gentlemen Good and Bad News Yourself Lords Eventalypsy About a week's news Pasila Presidential Office Dr. Raimo TV show Kettunen YLEAKS News leak See also Parody Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kivistö, Sari (ed.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

) | title = Satire: introduction to the history and theory of species| publisher = University Print Kustanus/Helsinki University Press| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-570-680-5}} References on the topic elsewhere Kivistö, Sari & Riikonen, H. K.: Satire in Finland.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Short Learning (SKS, 2013) Satire pages on the internet Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What genre is the film Lust for Power?

Satire

Category:Shapes of Humor Category:Literature Concepts Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Dog breed refers to a group of dogs that have been obtained by selective breeding in nature and appearance.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In practice, the transformation of a particular type of dog into a breed is a defining issue.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Dogs have been breeding for various uses for thousands of years.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Initially, breeding focused on the development of properties beneficial to humans, such as hunting ability.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Later breeding has been aimed at developing mainly appearance and character, resulting in a number of significantly divergent breeds of dogs.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Breed Definition The appearance, character and movements of each breed of dog are described in the breed definition that governs breeding of the breed.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Breed definitions are maintained by national kennel organizations.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The country of origin is defined for the breed and the kennel organization in that country is responsible for the breed definition.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Such organizations include the Finnish Kennelliitto, Svenska Kennelklubben (Sweden) and the American Kennel Club (United States).


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

When a breed is considered to have been established, the International Kennel Union Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) also approves the breed, making the breed definition valid in all its member countries.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Representatives of traditional dog breeds approved by the largest kennel organizations are called purebred or breed dogs.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

After the closure of breed books, the breed is considered to include only dogs whose parents are also purebred.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

This may cause inbreeding in the breed if the gene pool of the breed is small.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The offspring of two dogs of different breeds is called a mongrel or mixed-breed.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The breed book is said to be open at the time when new dogs are introduced into the breed.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In recent years, breeds have been organised in Finland for the white shepherd dog, Jack Russell terrier and our domestic breeds of reindeer dog, Finnish lapdog and northern upright ear.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In the breed intake review, the appearance of the dog is judged.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

If it meets the breed definition with grade satisfactory and the dog meets other conditions for breeding, the dog may be registered in that breed.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In general, certain types of dogs are recognized as their own breed if the type is sufficiently established, that is, puppies always adequately resemble their parents both in appearance and character.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

For example, the Danish-Swedish yard dog was adopted as its own breed in 1987.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

However, dogs of this type have existed in the southern regions of Sweden and Denmark since the 18th and 19th century, but they were not registered as a breed of their own.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The breed can also be removed from the FCI's race list.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

This has happened, for example, to the harlequin insert, which is now considered extinct.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The Brazilian wedhound, Belgian mastiff, Belgian pointer, dupuyner, bouletingriffon, strellufin hound, steinbracke, basset d'artois, languedoc shepherd and Egyptian shepherd have also belonged to the FCI breeds in their time.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Origin of breeds All dogs are thought to have originated in East Asia.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Based on mitochondrial studies, the first dog lived in southern China in the Guizhou or Yunnan region between 5400 and 16,300 years ago.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

It also turned out that the DNA of modern dogs is still similar to that of ancient specimens.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Since it was discovered that Old World dogs are ancestors of current American breeds, it was decided to examine the DNA of 1543 dogs from all over Europe, Africa and Southwest and Southeast Asia.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Only breeds of known origin or informal, fairly uniform dog types bred for a specific purpose were used for the study.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Only phylogenic groups A, B and C were included, as the remainder are rare and may have come from interbreeding with wolves after domestication.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[1] Wolf lineage Based on the study, groups A and B had wolf haplotypes.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

These are the two most common phylogeny groups found in a large majority of current dog breeds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In A, the influence of the Mongolian and Northern Chinese wolf was observed, and in B the influence of Romanian, Northern Chinese, Afghan and Yugoslav wolves.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Based on haplotypes, modern breeds are descended from at least 51 different female wolf lineages, which would indicate that the domestication and breeding of wolves had to be systematic and not sporadic.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[1] The gene pool of Old World dogs between 97.4 and 100 per cent carried groups A, B and C in their lineage, which have spread around the Old World around the time of the first dog's development.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Of the haplotypes found in the groups, 14 were global.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The same global haplotype was found in Southwest Asian and European populations at 81.5 percent as Asian dogs, but in the East Asian strain it was only found in 54.2% of individuals.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In Southeast Asia, the figure was even lower: 40.8 per cent, and only 18.4 per cent in certain provinces.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In Europe, those haplotypes that were not global were no different from global ones except by one mutation.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The lineage of almost all European dogs is therefore based on the East Asian haplotype.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

However, in East Asia and south of the Yangtze River, the difference between global and other haplotypes was considerably greater.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[1] Genetic Diversity The gene pool is narrowest on the west coast of Europe, is gradually expanding from Eurasia to East Asia, and is most extensive along the southeast coast of Asia.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

This is because the European population lacks those group A haplotypes that are not global or global mutations.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Similarly, almost the entire A group can be found in dogs on the south side of the Yangtze River, so the East Asian, and especially the southern Chinese population, has certain unique haplotypes that are much different from the global ones.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Only southeastern Chinese dogs can find all 10 different haplotypes, while only four in Europeans.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

One example of a local Chinese breed with a very wide gene pool is the xias dog.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[1] Beginning dog So to speak, dogs can be considered to be the now-extinct mammal tomarctus, which evolved during the Miocene period and is estimated to have lived about 15 million years ago.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

It was a small, civet-cat-like carnivore, of which 6000 BCE.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

breeding four of the world's first dog breeds: Canis familiaris metris-optimae, Canis familiaris intermedius, Canis familiaris leiner and Canis familiaris inostranzewi.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

However, they are not directly descended from tomarctus.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[2] The earliest breeds in Europe include German Spitz, Finnish Lapphound, Swedish Lapphound, Lapper Hound, Finnish Spitz, Mud, Pinscher, Schnauzer, Spanish Water Dog and all Shepherd Dogs [3] (e.g.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

the central European marsh dog (Canis palustris), considered an ancestor, developed in the Younger Stone Age.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

It was a primitive and wolf-like yard dog with a body of medium to square shape.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The designation stems from the most common places where its remains have been found.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The findings were so consistent that many researchers consider the bog dog to be the first European type of dog.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

It later migrated north and locals allowed it to interbreed with wolves, causing its size to increase.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The Canis familiaris inostranzewi, (inostranzewinhound, meaning “slab dog”) was a breed of Russian larks, the cattle bear dog, and the largest Arctic sled dogs that developed during the Stone Age in Eastern Europe.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

It was also primitive, but bulkier than a swamp dog.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[4] In the Bronze Age, the swamp dog evolved into the predecessor of the southern Russian hound, the Asian canis familiaris matris optimæ.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Aidi, Egyptian Shepherd, Pyrenean Shepherd, Pyrenean Shepherd, Puli, Komondor, Bergamasco and Barbet were still descended from the southern Russian dog.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The Pyrenean shepherd dog was one of the stock breeds of the Catalan shepherd dog, labrit, serra de aire shepherd and pum.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[3] Canis familiaris leiner was the ancestor of the Egyptian hunting dog, which links it at the same time to all podenco breeds and a large proportion of greyhounds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The Romans later had large, mastiff-type war dogs, thought to have been ancestors such as the Neapolitan mastiff, cane corso, big-knife shepherd and Rottweiler.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

They already had midget dogs by that time as well.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[4] Genetic kinship relationships of current breeds based on gene analysis of samples taken from 85 current races, the studied breeds can be classified into four different groups based on the parent race.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Each race of the individual group hereby has a common ancestor and they are all related to each other through this.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The oldest of the breeds studied is the shar pei, the shiba second oldest and shared third place akita and chow chow, according to the analysis.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Group 1 is believed to be the oldest and includes African and Asian dogs.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Group 2 includes mastiff type dogs, Group 3 shepherd dogs and Group 4 modern hunting dogs (most of which were breeded in Europe in the 19th century).


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[5] Note: Kindred relationships observed through genetic research do not necessarily correspond to “official” racial histories.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The following kindred groups are based on genetic research, not traditional beliefs about the genesis of different dog breeds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Group 1 (oldest lineage): [5] Afghan greyhound, akita, [6] Alaskan Malamute, basenji, chow chow, Irish wolfhound, Pekese, lhasa apso, saluki, Samoyed, shar pei, shiba, shih tzu, Siberian husky, Tibetan terrier.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Group 2 (type of mastiff): [5] Bernese shepherd, boxer, bullmastiff, English bulldog, big-knife shepherd, canary dog, pygmy bull terrier, Labrador, mastiff, Newfoundland, French bulldog, rottweiler, German shepherd.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Note, however, the German Shepherd is clearly an upright eared shepherd dog in its external phenotype, officially most closely related to Group 3 breeds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Group 3 (shepherd type): [5] Belgian Shepherd Groenendael, Belgian Shepherd Tervueren, Bernhard, English Greyhound, Pug, Shetland Sheepdog, Scottish Shepherd, Russian Greyhound.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Note, however, the pug to be officially closely related to the Asian dwarf hounds of Group 1, the mastiffs of Bernhard Group 2, and the Middle Eastern greyhounds of Group 1 of both greyhounds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Group 4 (modern hunting dogs and other new breeds): [5] airedale terrier, American cocker spaniel, American hair terrier, American pit bull terrier, american water spaniel, australian shepherd, australian terrier, basset hound, beagle, bedlington terrier, bichon frise, border collie, Cairn terrier, cavalier king charles spaniel, chesapeake bay retriever, chihuahua, clumber spaniel, cocker spaniel, doberman, pharaoh hound, grey norwegian deerhound, ibizanpodenco, irish setter, irish terrier, italian greyhound, keeshond, kerryn terrier eri, komondor, golden retriever, kuvasz, miniature schnauzer, short-haired German pointer, manchester terrier, dachshund, pointer, pomeranian, portuguese water dog, rhodesian, schipperke, smooth-haired retriever, schnauzer, grand schnauzer, great dane, white west highland terrier, old english sheepdog, wheatdog Terrier, Bloodhound, poodle, welsh springer spaniel, whippet.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Note that the group contains many races very far from each other from their official history.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Even a Doberman would appear to be genetically closer to a Portuguese water dog than a Rottweiler, a Great Dane closer to a chihuahua than a mastiff and an American pit bull terrier closer to a cocker spaniel than a bull terrier.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The Rhodesian dog, descended from Group 1 primitive African dogs and Group 2 European mastiffs, is also genetically closer to the schipperke than to either of its parent breeds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The study thus calls into question e.g.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

often regarded as one of the oldest breeds in the world, the origin of existing populations of pharaoh and ibizanpodenco.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In light of new evidence, their lineage does not thus lead directly to the primal dogs of the Phoenicians and Pharaohs, but in their present form they have been mixed with many other breeds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Also, of the collier breeds approved by the FCI, the so-called The border collie “most resembling the original collie” is actually much younger as a breed than a Scottish shepherd or Shetland sheepdog.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Similarly, the herd keepers komondor and kuvasz, considered ancient, would appear to be surprisingly new breeds in their current form.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Similarly, the Labrador and Golden Retrievers, which are often juxtaposed with each other, come from entirely different range forms: the lineages of the former lead to Canadian mastiff-type water dogs, possibly a Newfoundland breed; the latter, respectively, descended from setters and from dogs resembling spaniels, such as the Scottish tweed water spaniel and the smooth-haired retriever.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Although externally and geographically the chesapeake bay retriever is closer to the Labrador than to the golden retriever, genetically it too is more closely related to the latter.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Escalating, all other retrievers share a common origin, according to the study, except for the Labrador, which is descended from more heavy-built dogs (novascotia retriever and curly hair retriever were not included in the study).


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Eugenics More defined breeding of dog breeds as separate breeds from each other did not begin until 1873, when the English Kennel Club was founded and official records began to be kept of dog pedigrees.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Prior to that, dog breeds did not officially exist, although different parts of the world had their own indigenous dog types and uniform dog populations used for different purposes whose specimens more or less resembled each other in basic characteristics.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[7] Original breeding Many current breeds are considered to represent the original land type, such as border collie and swamp.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Some landform types, such as the retriever, have since been refined to a more appearance uniform by selective breeding and have since evolved into several distinct breeds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[8] Often, however, this uniform appearance of the original landforms was also caused by harsh conditions and isolation from the rest of the world, which caused mountain dogs, for example, to become long-haired and of certain types and hot adapted to conditions, the Thai ridgeback survived for centuries unchanged without contact with other breeds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The white coat of many herd keepers was not a beauty issue either, but a protective colour that not only calmed white sheep, but also separated dogs from predators.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Similarly, the oldest herd keepers, such as the sarplaninac, were dark grey, black or brown in colour in the manner of the earliest sheep.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Otherwise, however, the colour of working dogs and other more defined beauty characteristics, such as the position of their ears, did not matter before kennel operations began - and certainly not whether the strain was entirely purebred.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[9] For example, it did not matter to an English sheep farmer before the official kennel operation whether he crossed an excellent herding collie and a border collie - as long as the puppies inherited good qualities.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Even less mattered whether the shepherding collie was a tricolour, sable or blue merle or, for example, black or red-white in the manner of a border collie.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[10] Breeding of hair, size and colour variations Today, separate variants have been processed from many breeds based on sheer hair quality, size or colour - sometimes eventually separate breeds such as red and red and white Irish setter, long and short-haired Pyrenean shepherd or grand and dwarf schnauzer.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Also, the pinscher and schnauzer were originally different hair variants of the same Bavarian stable dog, in the same way that the big-knife shepherd dog was considered a “short-haired Bernese shepherd dog”.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[11] The different hair variants of the Belgian Shepherd have their own names, and there are two different variants of long-haired which are classified by colour.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

If black puppies are born in the litter of brown-black or silver-black tervueren, they register as groenendaels and vice versa.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In practice, the two long-haired variants therefore still share a common gene pool, and the short-haired malinois can also interbreed with either tervueren or rough-haired laekenois.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[12] The Great Dane has three larger breeding lines, all based on colours and all judged at exhibitions in different categories.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[13] The white shepherd dog also has its roots in white German shepherd dogs, which were defined in 1933 as colour-incorrect, although today the white German shepherd dog and the white shepherd dog are two different things and also differ structurally.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[10] From working dog to companion dog Systematic appearance breeding has not only narrowed the gene pool of breeds, but also made many former working dog breeds into companion dogs.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The current poodle could not be imagined anymore as a water dog and the breeding of a Rhodesian dog outside its native country is no longer based on operational characteristics.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

A greater proportion of Labrador and Golden Retrievers are now bred as family dogs than for hunting use, and the Irish Setter and smooth-haired retriever have become beautiful show dogs.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Few collies are herded either, although the breed as a hobby dog is common.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

In addition, there is a differentiated exhibition line from many breeds of use, which is very far from the line of work.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Labrador retrievers used as working dogs are much solakier and elongated in construction than Labrador retrievers serving as companion dogs, and hunters' golden retrievers darker in colour than the cream-coloured golden retrievers seen in exhibitions.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The use-line australian kelpie is a higher pig and more elongated than the show-line australian kelpie, and often varies in colour much more than the often brown or black showkelpie.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Many a drive-line cocker spaniel is more akin to a field spaniel than a long-fringed, show-line cocker spaniel.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The Siberian Husky exhibition line is smaller, squarer and more compact than the longer-bodied drive line.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Influence of national pride in breeding new breeds The original population of many races is also chopped in half for national reasons.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

If found in two neighboring countries, practically the same type of dog is one day officially adopted in the name of only one country, often in another country it seeks to emphasize its contribution to the origin of the breed and seek to create its own breed entirely.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Originally, European shepherds breeded white mountain dogs with more of a type in mind, ignoring whether some of the dogs passed into his flock from the Polish or Slovak Tatras, before coining the official designations owczarek podhalanski and Slovak cuvac.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

The Croatian station wagon wasn't interested either whether all his sheepdogs were of purely Croatian origin or whether practically almost identical dogs sourced from Hungary were involved - certainly not until the FCI adopted the mud as a Hungarian breed in 1966 and named the Croatian Shepherd Dog as a separate breed in 1969.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[14] For centuries, the Sami people of Sweden and Finland had two very equal-looking populations of shepherding reindeer, which both countries nevertheless wanted to be recognised as separate breeds.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

National pride has also been particularly evident in dog breeding by the Japanese, who, like Koreans, have designated many of their native breeds as national treasures.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

They could not accept that the Americans had refined a heavier, round-eyed version of their national breed, the akita, whose colouring even did not match the Japanese notion of akita.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

However, as the exchange of breeding material between countries was stopped and the American version gained ground in many countries, the FCI adopted the Amerikanakita as its own breed in 2001.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Because the Japanese wanted to emphasise that the new breed had nothing to do with the real akita, for a couple of years it was named the Great Japanese Dog.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

An example of the reverse procedure for combining two different populations originally belonging to the same dog population, isolated by the border of states, is the cooperation between the Finnish and Russian kennel clubs in the merger of the Finnish Spitz and the Karelian-Finnish laika into the same breed in 2006.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Previously, Russian dogs registered as Karelian-Finnish breeds achieved internationally recognized breed status and the Finnish Spitz gained new lineages that help promote the breed's gene pool and health.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[15] The maremmano-abruzzese also originally arose from the amalgamation of the populations of two Italian mountain dogs, maremma and abruzzie shepherd dogs, since this was practically one breed which was originally incorrectly registered as two different breeds based on their area of origin alone.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

[16] Crossbreeding Although the role of kennel kittens is to promote the breeding of purebred dogs, justified breed crossings may be permitted by waiver.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Often the purpose is to improve the health of the breed or expand the gene pool in a breed that does not present the same hereditary disease but is similar in nature, appearance and use characteristics.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

Individual or systematic crossbreeding is practiced, particularly in breeds where the purebred population is too small and inbreeding without crossbreeding inevitable.


Question: What is the largest breed of dogs.

Dog breed

One example is the Schnauzer-Pinscher-Pinscher cross kitten approved by the Finnish Kennel Association.